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Software engineer — from monolith to cloud: think small
A 9 minutes story written on Oct 2017 by Adrian B.G.
The new architecture types are more complex, but from a developer point of view, it's easier. Either way, we must change our mindset: we need to think small to create large systems (see Linux as an example).
From monolith to cloud series 🌩
A series of articles designed to help developers switch from a monolith to a cloud mindset. The web is full of very good tutorials and examples on Why and How to make the switch, so I decided to focus on the small details.
- Auto Increment to UUID
- Think small - this article
I found a video that describes the software evolution in the last 20+ years, from monolith to amazon microservices, I highly recommend it for a deeper understanding on the subject:
Let's recap how the software architecture of the apps evolved over time:
- Write an app for each architecture
- Same source code compiled to many architectures (compilers and C)
- Monolith: 1 app with 1 running instance and 1 database instance
- Distributed: 1 app with multiple instances and/or 1-n DBs
- Services: multiple apps, 1 or more instances and 1 or more DBs. You split the monolith into more (still big) apps so you can split the work.
- Microservices: many small (context) apps with n instances. Each module in a monolith is now a standalone service that can be scaled.
- Functions: stateless pieces of the app that can scale automatically, see AWS Lambda and Google or Azure functions.
This article is addressed to the developers that want to migrate to 5, 6 and 7.
You can see the pattern here, the software architecture evolved to smaller and smaller components if you saw the previous video you learned about the advantages gained by doing so.
Like parallel computing, if you split a big problem into multiple solvable pieces you can solve it in a fraction of the time with more teams.
Smoother learning curve
Thinking small is easier than big. It's easy to be productive in a small team, because you do not have to understand the entire application to add new features or fix old ones, only one module/service. The best example is when you have a new team member, it can reach the productivity phase faster == he/she only needs to know one service to get started.
Smaller thoughts, but many
Microservices are not issue free, it has its own pitfalls and problems. For example, some teams treat their services as immutable, instead of api/v2/ they make a new service. It's common for big companies to have more than 1000 of them. You usually need an entire team just to orchestrate the microservices.
Smaller data
The new architecture doesn't affect only the code of your apps, but the data storage too. Each service can have its own data storage that can be scaled as needed. Most likely you will need other storage like BigTable or DynamoDB to aggregate the data from the services databases for analysis and analytics.
One is many
Your modules were single (running) instanced in the monolith production environment, now each of them has 1-n instances. You cannot have state anymore, you cannot trust one single instance of a service, you have to presume it will be closed at any time by the container orchestrator.
More instances of a module add more complexity to other adjacent systems like monitoring, user persistent sessions etc.
Smaller containers
Most likely you are using dedicated servers, VPS and Virtual machines to develop and run your application. If you want to scale you need to change that to a smaller unit: containers. I recommend the following switching to the following technologies:
Docker images to store your apps, settings, services (MySQL etc) and development setups. Instead of installing a service/app/daemon on your system directly, Docker uses a kernel virtualization technique to separate each app in its own environment. There are many benefits for doing this, example avoiding system pollution with different libraries versions (python 2,3 or ruby 1.8 and 1.9) and you can easily run multiple instances of the same services on different ports.
You will also want to switch to Kubernetes to orchestrate your apps and dependencies. It has many useful features builtin like: service discovery, load balancing, rollouts and rollbacks, handing secret configs and self-healing and managing batch/CI tasks.
Using Kubernetes you will design your infrastructure at a higher level of abstraction, you do not have to worry about machines, SSH, ips and firewalls anymore. It works seamlessly with Google Cloud but you can setup a cluster using any hosting provider (AWS, Digital Ocean).
Another side-effect of using an orchestrate like Kubernetes is that you will not have the 1 Machine == 1 service relationship anymore. You do not know or care which container runs on which machine. The virtual machines/servers are treated as pool resources and used as Kubernetes sees fit.
A good side effect of the automatic balance of the containers is that you will use fewer machines with a higher load of usage, reducing the costs.
Smaller contracts
Each module you are extracting from the monolith must have a contract too, an interface, some rules that it must respect in order to communicate with the others. Usually, it is a RESTful JSON API or a gRPC faster pipeline.
In a monolith, you were doing contracts using Interfaces, Observer and messaging patterns. Now you have different apps that need a way to discover the other modules and communicate with them. You will have to do some research based on your use case and technologies you want to use.
Instead of 1 big bear now you have to care for many smaller ones
Smaller scope but more responsibilities
If you are a developer working with a monolith, it is not expected of you to fix or even understand the bigger picture, especially how the Operations are done. There are some projects in which you cannot even replicate a production env on your local development setup, the hurdle is too great that you need a squad to maintain it.
Old way: It is not expected of you to "care" about your code on production. DevOps and special developers are in charge to be on call and fix your code. Everyone is just a small cog in a huge system.
New way: But now, with services and smaller projects you can (and should) take responsibility for your actions (writing features) and be on call. Especially as a full stack web developer you can now take charge when something happens on production. Because the project is smaller:
- you are used to the production environment, it's small so you can replicate it on your local machine
- you can do automatic tests with more coverage
- you can be on call, react and solve the problems faster than an outsider could ever do
- you have code insights and can optimize the infrastructure, take some out of the DevOps and Architect responsibilities. See it like this: if a manufacturer 🍏can build its own hardware and software, it will work better when combined.
Don't worry, usually the "on call" duties are distributed in a Round Robin fashion, each day or sprint the next developer is chosen.
All these and more add up to your responsibility as a developer, but I think it's great, it's an advantage and we will become better software engineers by doing so.
No more shortcuts
Do the following scenarios sound familiar to you?
- connecting through an FTP to add debug statements in a production env
- cache values to the local machine (RAM)
You cannot do these "bad practices" anymore in a distributed architecture. Let me give you an example.
The user logins by an HTTP request to server A, you store the login session token/credentials in the local memory, if the next HTTP request is sent to another server instance (B) by the LB (load balancer), but the user is not logged on that machine, its credentials are in server A's memory. You can see from this simple example why you cannot use the local storage in a distributed env.
These simple scenarios are usually fixed using a Key/Value distributed storage like Memcached/Redis, from which all the servers can read/write data. You basically move the STATE of your app to a storage system that can be scaled as well.
If you want to debug an user you can modify the source code manually on server A, but the LB may send the request on server B …
Outsource the provisioning
If you split your monolith you will have more (smaller) apps, that means you will have more deployment scripts, servers and networks to worry about. This is where the "serverless" providers come in handy, like AWS, Google Cloud and Azure. Instead of hiring more DevOps you can benefit from their services. You can use them for specific services or go all in and rely fully on their "cloud" services.
PS: I hate the words "cloud" and "serverless", the only technology that has a close resemblance to this terms is the "blockchain". A cluster of machines in a building is anything like the clouds in the sky.
Be careful what you wish for
Microservices and functions come with a big overhead, you may end up working more on the infrastructure than your actual app. All the successful examples of micro-services have behind them a multi-million $ company.
I would suggest a natural evolution, split the monolith into few services step by step. Export the intensive functionalities to smaller containers/functions so you can scale.
Other resources
- Later addition (after publish): I have found a very similar (with this post) video about migration to the AWS Lambda functions (or Google functions), with a focus on the economic advantages and how does it affect our mindset.
- Update 20 Nov 2017: A nice simple story of why and when do you need the "cloud", how, why and when Netflix switched to AWSand how did they split their monolith into microservices and now to lambda functions.
- Software engineer — from monolith to cloud: Auto Increment to UUID
- Meetup.com switched from a monolith to the cloud and their CTO explained what were the steps and struggles: Meetup Architecture with Yvette Pasqua
- Microservices are hard — an invaluable guide to microservices.
- Even banks can benefit from this new environment, see the technical story of a newly created UK bank: Banking on Go — Matt Heath — SF Docker + Go Meetup.
A few conference panels about microservices:


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SYNOPSIS:As the sole survivor, renowned Coast Guard Rescue swimmer Ben Randall (Kevin Costner) is shattered when his crew is killed during a perilous storm rescue. With his marriage to Helen (Sela Ward) on the rocks, Randall is removed from field duty and sent against his will as head instructor to 'A School', elite training ground for young recruits. Using unorthodox teaching methods, Randall tries to instill the life and death issues to his students. But he clashes with cocky, swimming ace Jake Fischer (Ashton Kutcher), who is keen to break records, but not to work as a team member. Randall recognises Fischer's talents and tries to get through to him, in order to make him understand what it takes to be responsible for others' lives.
Review by Louise Keller:When you read the storyline, you may feel as though you have heard it all before, yet this character-driven drama about redemption feels fresh, mostly due to good storytelling and two fine lead performances. Yes, the elements are formulaic and somewhat predictable, but it is well done and we get involved with the characters. Kevin Costner has never been better as the self-doubting hero, while Ashton Kutcher delivers his most complete dramatic role so far as the ambitious rookie. It's an action movie with buddy elements plus a dash of romance. The main flaw of this otherwise superior Coast Guard Rescue tribute drama is its 139 minute length, which is about half an hour too long.The pounding waves and merciless seas are the setting, where the Rescue teams face life and death situations on an everyday basis. When Costner's Randall is forced to take the post instructing recruits at the elite 'A School', we quickly learn his training techniques are harsh and unconventional. Tread water for an hour, experience hypothermia and oxygen depravation, or fail. But the most important lesson is the vital element of teamwork. 'Saving lives is a right to be earned,' he tells his class. (He can save lives in the most hazardous situations, but he cannot save his marriage). Star recruit is Kutcher's Fischer ('Goldfish'), a talented brat whose focus is to break Randall's records. He wants to be the fastest, and hold his breath the longest - an attitude which does not impress his teacher. We already know about Randall's inner demons, but soon we learn that Fischer is devoured by demons of his own. When a few beers after hours escalate into a situation out of control, we learn, there is a parallel between the two men.Emotionally there is much at stake for both men both professionally and personally. Their relationships, aspirations, dreams and disappointments are part of the journey. Everyone has everything to prove as things learned in training become tools for survival. Like the plot points, the ending may not come as a surprise, but the impact is great. Especially worth seeing for Costner and Kutcher's exceptional performances.
CRITICAL COUNTFavourable: 1Unfavourable: 0Mixed: 0
CAST: Kevin Costner, Ashton Kutcher, Derek Adamas, Sela Ward
PRODUCER: Beau Flynn, Tripp Vinson
DIRECTOR: Andrew Davis
SCRIPT: Ron L. Brinkerhoff
CINEMATOGRAPHER: Stephen St John
EDITOR: Thomas J Nordberg, Dennis Virkler
MUSIC: Trevor Rabin
PRODUCTION DESIGN: Maher Ahmed
RUNNING TIME: 139 minutes
AUSTRALIAN RELEASE: November 30, 2006

subset: commoncrawl


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Today's tomato harvest overflowed two cooking pots. I used all but one of the yellow tomatoes picked today and the last time I picked to make a yellow salsa. I'm not sure how it's going to turn out as I left it only partially made at my parents house. My mom will finish it up for me, but we had to head home. Early mornings mean early bed times! I've stopped measuring, counting, and identifying the tomatoes... There are just too many!
Our wonderful garden produced just one watermelon this year, and to say that it is a small one may be an understatement. It is literally palm sized, smaller than a softball. The plant died and left the watermelon hanging on the trellis, so I went ahead and picked it. Much to my surprise, it was delicious! Of course when sharing with seven people, we each only got about a dime-sized sample. I saved seeds in case I can get it to grow again next year.
A couple more photos from the garden today. One of the tomatoes had a face! This is the one we didn't use in the salsa tonight. And a photo of Aspie in the shade of the giant pumpkin leaves.
And in other news, Buck #7 went to his new home today. We also added two gerbils to our family; a mom and her six week old daughter. These are #1's "desk pets" that she has been asking for for several months. Since she keeps her desk area clean, and has been doing well with her school work, and wants to show her responsibility, when I saw these needed a home, I agreed.


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Isabel Marant
Besame Chandelier Earrings
Estimated Delivery: Aug 18
You will not be charged until your order is shipped
No returns or exchanges
$inventoryMessageFree Shipping & Returns Live Chat
We offer free 2 day shipping on all other US orders. For international orders, we offer free express shipping (3-6 days) on all orders. We do not deduct any shipping or pickup charges from your refund.More info
- Silver-tone brass
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- Fish hook closure
- This item is not available for international export
- Our Style No. ISAB-WL211
- Manufacturer Style No. 20ABL1026-20A032B
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Book Description:
Published: January 29, 2018 (in Australia)
Format: Audio/Audible
When former police detective Ted Conkaffey was wrongly accused of abducting Claire Bingley, he hoped the Queensland rainforest town of Crimson Lake would be a good place to disappear. But nowhere is safe from Claire's devastated father.
Dale Bingley has a brutal revenge plan all worked out – and if Ted doesn't help find the real abductor, he'll be its first casualty.
Meanwhile, in a dark roadside hovel called the Barking Frog Inn, the bodies of two young bartenders lie on the beer-sodden floor. It's Detective Inspector Pip Sweeney's first homicide investigation – complicated by the arrival of private detective Amanda Pharrell to 'assist' on the case. Amanda's conviction for murder a decade ago has left her with some odd behavioural traits, top-to-toe tatts – and a keen eye for killers . . .
For Ted and Amanda, the hunt for the truth will draw them into a violent dance with evil. Redemption is certainly on the cards – but it may well cost them their lives . . .
Review –
Redemption Point is the second book set in the fictional far north Queensland community of Crimson Lake. And again Fox not only offers up some amazing characters, but also firmly plants readers in the humid dense rainforest and the murky crocodile-infested waters of my home-state's isolated and often unwelcoming far north.
The first book in this series introduced us to Ted and Amanda. We learn of the accusations against Ted and his escape from Sydney. We also meet Amanda and though they pair up to solve a recent crime, Ted can't but help dig into the past Amanda would prefer to stay buried. She doesn't hide the fact she's served 10 years in prison for murder, but the questions surrounding her crime interest Ted and it becomes one of two mysteries solved in that first outing.
That book ended just as Amanda uncovers new information about the rape of a thirteen year old – the crime of which Ted's accused. And as this book opens we learn he's done nothing with that information, and nothing to support an online community who believe in his innocence.
There are a couple of additional voices in this book. One we've met before, a former uniformed officer promoted to Crimson Lake, DI Pip Sweeney, who's captivated by Amanda and her ways; and then there's Kevin, whose diary extracts we read and whose role soon becomes clear.
Again the author offers two mysteries for the price of one as we delve into the charges against Ted, as well as the murders in Crimson Lake.
There are a few red herrings and local secrets thrown into the mix however and the author again does a great job of recreating the far north, nailing the idiosyncrasies of some of the small and unusual communities you find there. So, although I wasn't really drawn into that mystery, a sense of foreboding surrounding the investigation remained.
And then there's Ted's case which is the more interesting of the two and I guess we get into the psychology of the crime (of which he's accused) a little more than the double-murder. And this time around we meet some of the players from his former life and wonder if he will (one day) return to it.
Ted's again a bundle of surprises. In some ways it's almost as if he's given up on life; but then there's a smidge of rebellion as he fights his way out of his fugue and self-imposed isolation.
As for Amanda – she seems even more outrageous (and endearing) in this outing. Having said that she'd be bloody hard work to be around. She is tough as nails in this installment and takes beating after beating and keeps on ticking.
She and Ted have settled into a bit of a pattern now and their relationship is an interesting one.
In this book Ted's story in done but I'm sure the author will show us (the readers) that Queensland is a hot bed of crime and corruption and I'm anxious to see where she takes the series.
Five stars!


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- Network with a local group of successful Real Estate Investors.
- Learn how rental properties are one of the best tax saving strategies out there.
- Discuss the biggest money making opportunities in today's market: Short Sales, Lease Options, Fix and Flips, Foreclosures, Seller Financed Notes, and Multi-Family Dwellings.
- Learn how our real estate investor training is unmatched in the industry and how we use it to create massive and passive income streams through real estate investing..
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Violence in Kenya in recent weeks has already taken more than 600 lives, and it is feared that the situation may worsen in coming days. John Guiney SJ, who spent many years working with the Jesuit Refugee Service in East Africa, has been corresponding with his colleagues there. From Elias Omondi SJ, Director of the Hakimani Faith and Justice centre ...Read More »
Tag Archives: artcrisis
Solemn greetings from Virginia Tech
Mia Ortega, a JVC volunteer some years ago, wrote from Virginia Tech just after the horrendous shootings which took 32 lives. A good friend of hers was killed after he came to the aid of another of the victims. Hello everyone, First of all, I'd like to thank you for the continued messages of concern, hope, and prayers. I am ...Read More »
Drumming up a sense of unity: making Burundian music in Ireland
Article from AMDG NewsletterRead More »
Living among the poor, listening to their silence
Mary Stokes spent a year as a Jesuit volunteer among the socially deprived people of the Ballymun flats in north Dublin. She reflects on the unsung heroes she met there, people who have helped to give a voice to the poor. Poverty is…on the barren soils of a far away continent…coins in a paper cup on street corner…in an empty ...Read More »
Never go back: a refugee's story
Egide Dhala, from the Democratic Republic of Congo, describes his experience of arriving in Ireland as a refugee and registers his gratitude to the JRS for their help. Jesuit Missionaries are to be found all over the world today. There are Irish Jesuit missionaries in Zambia, Malawi, Hong Kong, Cambodia, East Africa, Paraguay, and Japan. But just as our missionaries ...Read More »
Working with lepers
St Francis Xavier was a frequent visitor to a house for lepers when he was in Goa. Now another Jesuit, Fr Luis Ruiz, in spite of his great age, works to alleviate the sufferings of thousands of lepers in mainland China. Saint Francis Xavier never made it to mainland China, dying within sight of that country on the island of ...Read More »
Telling the Liberian story
Former Crescent pupil Liam Ó Cathasaigh prepares to go to Liberia with Colm Quinn to shoot a film about the work of the Jesuit Refugee Service there. This project is financed by the Irish Province as part of the Saint Francis Xavier centenary year celebrations. For almost fifteen years the people of Liberia have known little more than war. Around ...Read More »
When children are forced to kill
As one project to commemorate the anniversary of St Francis Xavier, the JRS is sponsoring the making of a film about former child soldiers in Monrovia, the capital of Liberia. Liam Greene explains the project. To celebrate this centenary year of Saint Francis Xavier, who 'went to the ends of the earth,' the Irish Province, among its other celebrations, is ...Read More »
Resisting the Lord's Resistance Army
November 28, 2005 Resisting the Lord's Resistance Army Africa's most forgotten and vicious war by John Guiney SJ Night time in Gulu, northern Uganda is haunting. On roads and streets in town there are streams of unaccompanied children flowing in from the surrounding villages, seeking shelter and security for the night. They sleep in churches and schools, under trees, on the pavement, any place they find space and safety. Out there in their villages there is a lurking enemy prowling around, seeking to capture children for their vicious war. They are called the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). They prefer to do their evil work at nightRead More »


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From God shall naught divide me,
For He is true for aye
And on my path will guide me,
Who else should often stray.
His right hand holdeth me;
For me He truly careth,
My burdens ever beareth,
Wherever I may be.
When man's help and affection
Shall unavailing prove,
God grants me His protection
And shows His power and love.
He helps in every need,
From sin and shame redeems me,
From chains and bonds reclaims me,
Yea, e'en from death I'm freed.
God shall be my reliance
In sorrow's darkest night;
Its dread I bid defiance
When He is at my right.
I unto Him commend
My body, soul, and spirit—
They are His own by merit—
All's well then at the end.
Oh, praise Him, for He never
Forgets our daily need;
Oh, blest the hour whenever
To Him our thoughts can speed;
Yea, all the time we spend
Without Him is wasted,
Till we His joy have tasted,
The joy that hath no end.
Yea, when the world shall perish
With all its pride and power,
Whatever worldlings cherish
Shall vanish in that hour.
But though in death they make
The deepest grave our cover,
When there our sleep is over,
Our God will us awake.
What though I here must suffer
Distress and trials sore,
I merit ways still rougher;
And yet there is in store
For me eternal bliss,
Yea, pleasures without measure,
Since Christ is now my treasure,
And shall be evermore.


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Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (TV Series)
A Volcanic Corruption (1995)
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...but on the street, pretty it ain't!
And when snow on the ground means that I'm grounded from riding, Bah Humbug!
There's some silver lining behind a snow day, however, and that would be the girls being home and baking Christmas cookies. Even better is when I get the first samples from the oven!


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"Light me," orders Robert Honeywell, credited as the writer, director, team leader and imaginer of "Every Play Ever Written," a gleefully funny faux-lecture that skewers theatrical pomposity as vigorously as Stephen Colbert picks apart political punditry.
After receiving his spotlight, Mr. Honeywell, peering intensely through his wire-rimmed glasses, moves center stage, placing his hands together in mock prayer while wondering aloud solemnly: "What is theater? Is it what Peter Brook would call the empty space or is
it ..." He pauses, gesturing to the floor: "This space!"
Part of the Pretentious Festival at the Brick Theater, this satire, a must-see for anyone who has been onstage and, to use a term of art, "in the moment," introduces you to the king of all theater snobs, the kind of person who's dying to correct your pronunciation of "The Bacchae."
In 90 minutes he explains nothing less than the entire history of theater, from prehistoric times to the Wooster Group. He's assisted by three increasingly disgruntled and occasionally sexually harassed actors who perform snippets from the great dramas of history. (No musicals, please, only serious theater.)
Moira Stone (the actors use their own names) and Audrey Crabtree, whom Mr. Honeywell calls his "Kate Valk" (a reference to an actress in the Wooster Group) are appealingly flabbergasted by their flirtatious leader, while Lynn Berg is quietly appalled that Mr. Honeywell thinks Noh theater is about "feeling."
These dynamics are often mirrored in the subtext-rich scenes in which Ms. Stone and Ms. Crabtree, for instance, vent their frustration as Ibsen heroines. Not every vignette works, of course, and the caveman theater could probably be rethought.
But the show — a "Gutenberg! The Musical!" for straight theater — does have impressive momentum. And when Mr. Honeywell strips in honor of the Living Theater, it's difficult to keep a straight face.
Even if he's a buffoon, there's still a certain affection in this portrait — and it may be because Mr. Honeywell intimately knows whom he's sending up. At the 1999 Fringe Festival I saw him perform a rather startling solo version of Dostoyevsky's "Notes From the Underground" in almost complete darkness. There was only a small candle that drew all the attention to his face. Even then, the man wanted his spotlight.


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Edmund Hort New was an important early 20th century architectural artist and book illustrator. He was a great admirer of David Loggan's copper engravings of Oxford Colleges, published in his Oxonia Illustrata of 1675, to celebrate the restoration of Charles II to the English throne. Oxford had been the Royalist capital during the Civil War.
Loggan's views combined the facade of each college with a bird's-eye view of the reat of the buildings and quadrangles hidden from the street view. Loggan personally drew each view, engraved the copper plates, and printed them himself..
New admired his skills immensely, and wanted to produce printed plates to show the architectural development of each college over the intervening 230 years.
Emery Walker was one of the few printers who had feet in both camps of Art & Crafts artists and commercial printing, with its modern technical developments. He created photo-engraved metal alloy plates from New's pen & ink drawings, so that they could be printed on traditional hand-operated letterpress printers, as used by the Private Press publishers of the period, such as the Kelmscott & Doves Presses.
All the plates, produced betwwen 1905 and 1931, were destroyed in the blitz of the Second World War. It is unlikely that more than 200 copies of each view were printed. They are now rarer [and more expensive] than the 17th century Loggan engravings.


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Coming Soon! Newly Updated and Revised Videos in HD.
Lesson 1: Framing The Fretboard
Well here we are at square one! For our first lesson we are going to do what I call "Framing The Fretboard". All of the notes on the guitar, as well as any other instrument have letter names taken from the music alphabet. The music alphabet is ABCDEFGABC... over and over again until we run out of strings and frets. These are called natural notes and if you look at a piano, would be the white keys. Some of the natural notes have notes in between called "accidentals" and are also referred to as "sharps" and "flats". These would be the black keys on a piano. When the natural notes and accidentals are played in succession from low to high, the ascending order is said to be in "half steps" or "semi-tones". This ascending order on the guitar ascends from left to right fret by fret. If we count the number of natural notes and accidentals, the total is twelve. All of western music is composed of these twelve pitches we call notes. When we begin begin on any note and ascend fret by fret until we arrive at the same note twelve frets higher, we call that the Chromatic Scale. In The Stuff Of Legends Method, we will use the chromatic scale in much the same way a painter uses a color pallet when he or she paints. Only we will be "painting" with sound, learning how to blend and arrange pitches into time to make music!
To simplify this process, we are going to focus only on six notes to start with. Those notes are EADGBE, the five notes that the strings of the guitar are tuned to, plus C. Because of this tuning, most guitar based music is written in these six "keys". We'll learn about keys later on, but for now we are going to take EADGBE and "frame the
- Step one is simple. From low to high or thickest string to the thinnest, pick the open strings. That is do not depress any fret as you pick the strings. The resulting sound will be the open EADGBE notes. Keep in mind the strings are numbered from the bottom up so from top to bottom they were played in the order of 654321.
- In step two, we are going to play the same six notes on the sixth string starting with the open E, then fret 5 (A), fret 10 (D), fret 15 (G), fret 19 (B) and assuming you are playing a 24 fret guitar, fret 24 will be the high (E). If you don't have 24 frets then play the fifth string on the 19th fret as an alternate "unison" E. By matching them with the six open strings they will sound basically the same . You will notice the notes on the staff are in the same location while the tab numbers are different.
- Step three is to move down to the first string E, which is said to be two "octaves" higher. Press the same frets that you did on the sixth string and you will have a higher version of the same six notes. If you don't have 24 frets, then you will not have access to the highest E, but that's okay.
- The final step for you 24 fret guys is to play the 24th fret from low to high and that will complete our fretboard frame! An alternate for you 22 fretmeisters is shown in the video below. The goal of this lesson is to become completely familiar with this fretboard frame.
That's it for lesson one!
- Practice to a metronome click set at around 60 beats per minute (BPM), give or take.
- Run through each lesson using whole notes (every 4 beats) half notes (every two beats, quarter notes (every 1 beat) and eighth notes (half a beat each).
- Memorize the lesson.
- When moving up and down the fretboard, move your eyes slightly ahead of your hands in order to target the fret just prior to playing the note.
- Say the names of the notes as you play them.
Lesson 2: Know Your Roots
Now that you've learned EADGBE around the perimeters of the fretboard, the next step is to begin filling in the frame by learning their locations on the other strings. Before we start here's two tips that will help you.
- Look at the fretboard inlay markers on your guitar. You'll notice the single dot inlays are placed on the odd numbered frets.
- Then take note that the double dotted fret skips to an even number which is fret 12, the one octave point. It's also the half way point between the nut and the bridge. So the 12th fret serves as a threshold of sorts, where the notes on frets 12 - 24 are repeated in the same order as the first 12 frets, but in the next higher octave.
- If you know that the third and fourth dot are located on frets seven and nine then you know tha unmarked fret between them is fret eight! Easy right?
Now begin working through this study of learning the lcoation of EADGBE plus C on all six strings in the first octave. When you get to the first string, you'll notice that the unison for this note can be played on each of the six strings beginning with the open 1st string and ending on fret 24 of the 6th string.
This study concludes with these notes being played across the 12th fret.
We are now going to call these notes "Root" notes as they will serve as the foundation of the chords and arpeggios we're going to begin bulding in the next few lessons.
Lesson 3: Threefold Chords - Major Triads
Lesson 3 is divided into two parts. It begins with six single string chromatic scales with the interval names abbreviated above each step in the scale.
The definition of an interval is it is the the space between two notes. "P" stands for "Perfect", Upper case "M" stands for major and lowercase "m" indicates minor. For example the space between the open E on string six and the 4th fret G sharp is an interval of a major third from the root.
In this lesson we are going to extract the tones that make up the major triad from each of these chromatic scales. There are four primary triads. Major, Minor, Diminished and Augmented. These serve as the buliding blocks for chords.
This lesson will focus on major triads only and we will stretch them out over one string by playing them one note at a time. When we play these notes one at a time, we are playing them as "arpeggios". When we blend them together by strumming them across adjacent strings, we are playing them as chords.
The major triad is comprised of the Root or P1, the M3 and P5. By examining the chromatic scale you will see that the P1 is Open, the M3 is located at the 4th fret and the P5 is located at the 7th fret. I've also included the P8 at fret 12, which is the same note as the root, and is said to be one octave higher.
So on each string you will ascend the triad and then descend back down to the root where you will then run back through the roots on each string the same way you did in lesson 2. This will set you up for the Major triad drills in the next part of the lesson.


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Fully Licensed & Bonded
During the Crusades Richard the Lionheart visited the Cypriot city of Limassol (then known as Lemesos) to free his betrothed from the Byzantine sovereign. The subsequent wedding became a party that remains legendary today, which is probably why modern Limassol is still a centre of nightlife and joie de vivre. This lively ambience is also aided and abetted by the fact that Limassol is the centre of winemaking on the island.
The city has concentrated its efforts in recent years on mercantile development and modernising its buildings. Unlike other Cypriot cities it has not protected its architectural or cultural heritage, but with its many excellent hotels it does offer a good base for visitors who can head for the hills after whooping it up under the city's bright lights. The foothills of the Troodos Mountains lie north of the city and offer charming country walks that meander through friendly villages. There are also some good beaches on the outskirts of the city, most of which belong to hotels which charge an entrance fee for non-guests. The sandy beach of Avmidou, located on the grounds of the British military base of Akrotiri, is open to the public.
Limassol experiences a Mediterranean climate with plenty of sunshine and warm weather. Summers are long and dry and winters mild. Spring and autumn are short. Summer is a time of high temperatures with cloudless skies, but the sea breeze creates a pleasant atmosphere in the coastal areas.
Kids on holiday in Limassol will love this outdoor paradise where golden beaches and other fun activities await those visiting this sunny Cypriot region. But parents: don't forget the sunscreen as temperatures can get as high as 73F (33C) during the summer months.
Take the kids to the Municipal Gardens, where the Dinosaur Park and Limassol Zoo Garden are located for a fun-filled day of meeting animals where little ones can even get to pet goats, sheep and rabbits. Or take a trip to the Mazotos Camel Park just outside of Limassol where kids can take a ride on a camel, feed carrots to the donkeys and goats at Noah's Ark, splash in the swimming pool and let off steam in the kids playground while mum and dad relax with a drink at the restaurant.
Many of the hotels have play areas and multiple swimming pools for children of all ages as well as crèches and babysitting services so kids are taken care of while the folks can hit the town or just enjoy a romantic dinner.
The majority of Cypriots speak Greek, and a small percentage speaks Turkish. The Greek Cypriot dialect differs from mainland Greece. English, German and French are spoken in tourist areas.
The currency is Euro. Major credit cards are accepted at most establishments. Money and travellers cheques can be exchanged at banks, open from Monday to Friday. There are ATMs spread throughout the island, operating 24 hours a day.
Travellers in Limassol looking to satisfy their urge to splurge will be pleased to know that there is plenty to whet their appetite when it comes to shopping. There are, of course, the ubiquitous western-style shopping malls where stores like Debenhams and Carrefour will cater to your every need.
The main shopping areas in Limassol are on Agiou Andreou Street and Makarious III Ave where everything from clothing and footwear to leather goods and jewellery can be found. Head to the cobbled streets of Ayios Andreas and Anexartisias for a more historic and traditional atmosphere where trendy little boutiques and specialist stores line the streets and lanes away from the modern city.
Visit the local markets which take place every Saturday where bargains and great buys can be scooped up. Best buys in Cyprus include sea sponges and loofas and these are available at most tourist shops and markets, but be prepared to splash out on these bathing accessories. Another great buy is Lefkara Lace and other lace products, but it has to be said that for real shopaholics, the centre of Nicosia is the best place to spend a day indulging in the local wares and goods.
Most shops are open weekdays from 9am to 1pm and from 3pm to 7pm, while on Saturdays stores open from 9am and close at 1pm. In tourist areas though, many shops are open all afternoon.
GMT +2 (GMT +3 from the last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October).
Limassol Castle, built in the 14th century, stands sentinel over
the old harbour on the site of an earlier Byzantine castle. Today
it houses the Cyprus Medieval Museum with a host of fascinating
exhibits dating back to the Early Christian Era (384-650). The
castle is renowned for being the place where Crusader Richard the
Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre, and crowned her Queen of
England in 1191.
Holidaymakers in Limassol looking for a relaxing escaping the
heat should splash in the cool waters and enjoy the fun slides at
Water Mania. Suitable for travellers of all ages, there is
something for everyone, from the Kamikazi Slide and Wave Pool to
the Lazy River and Black Cannons. There is also a kiddie pool for
the little ones as well as a few restaurants and cafés for
holidaymakers to stop and refuel. Don't forget the sunblock.
A collection of traditional costumes, farm and household tools
and a variety of local handicrafts are among the displays at
Limassol's Folk Art Museum, contained in a restored house.
Authentic Cypriot handicrafts are also offered for sale.
One of the most beautifully positioned ancient sites in Cyprus,
the ancient city of Kourion is located on the southern shores of
Cyprus just outside of Limassol and is believed to have been
founded by the Argives. The city has passed through different
phases from Hellenistic, Roman, and Christian periods and the
agora(market place), Christian Basilica and large
public bath bear testament to this city's impressive list of
inhabitants. The most impressive feature of Kourion is the restored
Greco-Roman theatre that looks out over the dazzling Mediterranean,
which hosts open air musical and theatrical performances and is one
of the venues for the International Festival of Ancient Greek
Drama. Check out the House of the Gladiators, the Roman baths, the
House of Achilles and the Temple of Apollo while visiting
The perfect place to take the kids for the day, the Limassol Zoo
features over 300 animals including tigers, lions, bears, monkeys,
foxes, ostriches and peacocks as well as a natural history museum,
an educational centre and a special children's area. Younger
children will enjoy just looking at the animals, and meeting more
domestic animals in the Child Nook where sheep, goats, donkeys,
hens and rabbits are kept. Older kids can visit the Educational
Centre where lectures take place from time to time.
A worthwhile day trip from Limassol is to explore the unspoilt
villages in the foothills of the Troodos Mountains, in the region
known as Pitsilia. A rental car or a hired taxi is necessary
because public transport is infrequent. Many of the villages make
their own wines, and other products such as honey and cheeses. The
picturesque houses, painted churches and red-tiled roofs are
striking, and many restored houses have been turned into cafes or
The Troodos Mountains, in the interior of Cyprus north of
Limassol, offer a selection of four interesting signposted summer
walks for nature lovers. The Artemis Trail is circular, extending
four miles (7km) in the Black Pine region through the distinctive
sub-alpine flora of the area. Orchids can be found under the pines,
and one may spot the rare Epipactis condensata. The Atalanta Trail,
six miles (9km) long, starts at Troodos and also offers rich plant
life, spectacular scenery and birdwatching opportunities. The
shorter and easier Caledonia Trail, covering two miles (4km),
follows the Kryo Potamo stream about one mile (2km) from Platres,
and winds through pine forest, and among plane trees. It also
bypasses the Caledonian Falls, which are the only waterfalls on
Cyprus. The Persephone Trail, named after the Greek goddess of
spring, is about two miles (3km) long and offers lovely views.
Looking for something a bit different? Check out our selection of cultural & adventure holidays or if you're looking to go it alone then see our selection of solo holidays.


text: The Snake Trap Kevin Brooks Ages 9-12 Ebook Paperback Buy Audible eBooks.com Google Play iBooks Indie eBook Shop Kindle Kobo See more book details 02 July 2015 9781447241522 0 pages Synopsis Following a death-defying escape from the hands of a criminal overlord, young PI Travis Delaney thinks he might finally be getting closer to finding out who killed his parents, and why. But things are about to get a whole lot more deadly . . .One moment Travis is trapped in an armed face-off in the offices of Delaney & Co, private investigators. The next terrorists have stormed the building and he's been abducted. Kept captive alongside Winston, the rogue security officer who Travis believes is responsible for his parents' death, Travis is quickly plagued by more questions than answers.As the truth begins to emerge, Travis is faced with the ultimate dilemma: how do you choose between saving your own life or saving the life of someone you love? Books by Kevin Brooks The Danger Game Kevin Brooks Paperback The Ultimate Truth Kevin Brooks Paperback Books in the Travis Delaney Investigates series The Ultimate Truth Kevin Brooks Paperback The Danger Game Kevin Brooks Paperback The Snake Trap Kevin Brooks Paperback


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Iowa Pastor Suffering From Cancer Finds $850 a Month Obamacare Health Insurance Difficult to Pay; Asks for Prayers
An Iowa pastor diagnosed with Stage 3 esophageal cancer in January is now asking for prayers to help pay for his new $850 a month health insurance he signed up for under Obamacare.
Tony Angran, pastor of the Solid Rock Church of God in Centerville, Iowa, explains in a WHO TV report that when he was diagnosed with the disease in January he had health insurance. Moments before he started chemotherapy at a local health facility, however, he was informed that his insurance wouldn't cover the costs of his cancer treatment because of an existing heart condition.
"One of the workers came and said, 'I need to talk to you,' and so I went and talked to her and she says, 'We found out that your insurance does not include chemo,'" Angran told WHO TV.
Since then, Angran and his wife, Diana, have had to pay for the cancer treatment out of their pockets and are now $50,000 in debt.
The couple said they signed up for health insurance under Obamacare but they are now worried about the $850 a month price tag, which they say they cannot afford and won't become effective until April.
Pastor Angran said he is now afraid for his wife.
"We ask for prayer. You know, prayer is the most powerful thing I think anyone can have," Angran said.
He also decried Obamacare, arguing that there is no compassion in the healthcare law.
"I'm sitting here with Stage 3 esophageal cancer and they're taking me to the finance person and saying, 'How are you going to pay for this?'" he said.
The Christian Post reached out to Angran's church for comment on their pastor's condition Wednesday, but there was no response.
In the meantime, he reportedly can no longer swallow. He eats through a feeding tube and is unable to take essential heart medication due to his condition.
Obamacare requires most Americans to acquire some form of health insurance by March 31, according to CNBC. Failure to abide by the requirements of the law can attract a penalty of up-to 1 percent of total taxable income.


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Shoppers boost U.S. weekend spending to $59.1 billion
Shoppers turned out in bigger numbers and boosted purchasing over the Black Friday weekend, lured by promotions online and in stores, the National Retail Federation said today.
Customers spent $423 on average, a 6.3% increase from $398 last year, Washington-based NRF said in an e-mailed statement.
Starting Thanksgiving Day, 89 million Americans visited stores and websites, up from 86 million a year earlier, for total spending of $59.1 billion.
More than 35 million shoppers bought in stores and online on the Thanksgiving holiday, up from 29 million last year, to get a few hours' jump on the traditional Black Friday. With the earlier openings, online deals starting as far back as last weekend and new promotions, stores are trying to draw customers to return for later purchases, said Scott Tuhy, a credit analyst for Moody's Investors Service in New York.
"The promotional message is very important this weekend for retailers focused on the whole season, not just the four-day Thanksgiving weekend," Tuhy said. "Consumers are looking for deals. They're going to spend what they're going to spend for the holiday, so it's important for retailers to get the value message across this weekend."
The results are from a survey conducted Nov. 23-24 for the federation by BIGinsight, which polled 4,005 consumers. The survey has a margin of error of plus or minus 1.6%.


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Some things are encouraging. Like when readers of my blog try out my recipes and then feedback on their results and then it makes me think on why some problems occur and what we can do about it. I learn a lot, and I thoroughly enjoy the whole process.
I am especially touched when a reader of my blog went to a muffin stall I mentioned, bought some muffins for me and wanted to pass them to me! Unfortunately, when I saw her email, it was too late and I was not in the vincinity of the area. She did not give up, she wanted to get a durian cake from a famous hotel for me, but unfortunately again, the smell of durians can make me sprint like a world record holder. But I really wanted to say that it feels wonderful to know that through my little journey, I am able to share knowledge and information with others. The amount of knowledge I gained from others' blogs is immensely invaluable....so knowing that what I write can be useful to others, mean a lot to me. It not only makes my day, it makes my whole month. :D
The other day, a colleague asks if I am still baking muffins at home. I used to bring some muffins to office whenever I try a new recipe...I have stopped bringing my bakes to office. The few of us there do not have the habit of eating in between meals, so sometimes I feel like I am putting them in a spot..they may be shy to reject me even if they did not feel like eating. Besides, which female likes to pile on calories? So, my guinea pigs are limited to my family only right now.
So, because I used to bake muffins most of the time, they think that I only bake muffins. Little do they know that Ms Bimmer here has been trying a lot of other things! I told her that my latest bake is Pineapple Tarts and she said that well, they can order from me next time! It would be a little dream of mine, if they would think it's nice enough for them to order. Anyway, work on that pineapple jam first. Pineapple tarts is a New Year snack which everyone has high expectations of.
When I made my apple cinammon muffins lately, I had put in the wrong quantity of oil. Despite this, my guinea pigs said the muffins were delicious!? Not wanting to give up on that recipe, I tried the recipe again on Sunday, and here it is! This time, I remembered to write down the measurements instead of halving the recipe in my head (knowing that what's inside my head does not always function very well).
The end result? A nice breakfast item for the next day! Dear ate one the next day and said that I have improved a lot. Yeah!
The recipe is here.


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Call John or Wendy on
0151 336 3798
UPVC Care & Repair is your local specialist double glazing repair company. We are a friendly, family run business with at least 18 years of top level experience to call upon. This ensures your glazing problems are a thing of the past.


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Our Audio News Release service is the most effective way to distribute your message to a mass radio audience.
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We love telling stories, and we'd love to tell yours.
For more examples of our work, head to our Video News Release and Video Story Telling portfolios


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Town Clerk Office Hours:
Wednesday evenings 7-9 Saturday mornings 8-11.
All other times by appointment, Town Clerk Voice mail (607)264-8140
Town Clerk of Cherry Valley
2 Genesee Street
P.O. Box 386
Cherry Valley, NY 13320 FAX (607)-264-8140
Town Clerk Office Hours, Address and Phone number
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1 comment:
When are you going to fix sidewalk across from quickway! 2 lady's have fallen there! Tar don't get it!
- September 16, 2015 at 7:49 AM
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It is a pleasure to welcome you to our website. Thank you for taking your time browsing our website. We hope you've gained knowledge and understand the things about what we are campaigning about. We also hope that you can support our organization. It is our privilege to reach out to all of you and we hope you continue being with us even in the future.
If you have any inquiries or questions about us, feel free to send us your messages at email@example.com so we can answer as soon as possible. You may also give us your suggestions at email@example.com and we'll make sure to respond to your queries or ideas to improve our team.
Again, we would like to thank you very much for visiting our website and participating with us. We do appreciate your interest in our team and we'd like you to visit us more often.


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I am amazed yet again by a brilliant mind other than mine. This is by far one of the most ingenious ideas I have come across.
I want to float some tealights of different coordinating colors in the middle bowl, I think that would make this arrangement even more gorgeous!
Even a pillar would look great in the top bowl in my opinion.
Endless possibilities once again!


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"If black fiction has any hope of resembling the literary quality which distinguished luminaries like Zora Neale Hurston, James Baldwin and other titans, it must be done through the efforts like those of Alexs D. Pate." —Pulse
Alexs D. Pate is the author of five novels including the New York Times Bestseller Amistad, commissioned by Steven Spielberg's Dreamworks/SKG and based on the screenplay by David Franzoni. Other novels include Losing Absalom, Finding Makeba, The Multicultiboho Sideshow and West of Rehoboth.
Alexs is the President & Founder of Innocent Technologies, LLC, which provides consultative and innovative relationship development solutions that help educational systems, healthcare services corporations and other businesses respond more quickly and more accurately to the needs of their students, patients, clients, and customers.
Alexs's first book of nonfiction, In The Heart of the Beat: The Poetry of Rap, which investigates the literary history and the quality of rap as a poetic expression, was published by Scarecrow Press in January 2010. Alexs's poetry collection, Innocent, was published in 1998. Alexs is the editor of Blues Vision: African American Writing from Minnesota, published in 2015.
In addition, Alexs wrote the foreword to the recently re-published Gordon Parks' memoir To Smile in Autumn by the University of Minnesota Press. Alexs also wrote the introduction to Mahmoud El-Kati's new book, Hiptionary.
Alexs's most recent novel, West of Rehoboth was selected as "Honor Fiction Book" for 2002 by the Black Caucus of the American Library Association. In February of 2002, noted National Book Award novelist Charles Johnson chose Alexs as an "Achiever Who Will Lead The Next Generation" in the area of literature. The list of eight "achievers" was published in the USA TODAY/WEEKEND along with a dialog between Johnson and Pate.
As host and curator of the Givens Foundation's NOMMO author's series Alexs has engaged in conversation with such writers as Ishmael Reed, Amiri Baraka, John Edgar Wideman, Lucille Clifton, Sonia Sanchez, and Ntozake Shange.
© Copyright 2016 Alexs D. Pate


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This second section on Figures of Speech are departure from the ordinary form of expression, or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce a greater effect.
A Pun consists in the use of a word in such a way that it is capable of more than one application, the object being to introduce a ludicrous effect.
• Is life worth living? It depends upon the liver.
In this sentence, the word 'liver' has been used in double meaning- the physical organ LIVER and the person who lives.
• An ambassador is an honest man who lies aboard for the good of his country.
In this sentence, the word 'lies' has been used in double meaning- being and making false statement.
These Figures-of-Speech are widely used by us in our communications.
In Metonymy, (literally change of name) an object is designed by the name of something which is associated with it.
• The Bench, for the Judges...
• The House, for the members of Parliament…
• The laurel, for success…
• The Crown, for the King…
Since there are many kinds of association between objects, there are several varieties of Metonymy.
Thus Metonymy may result from the use of
i. The sign for the person or thing symbolized:
• You must address the chair. (The Chairman)
• One should work hard from the cradle to the grave. (From infancy to death)
ii. The container for the thing contained:
• The whole city went out to see that victorious general.
• The kettle boils.
• Forthwith he drank the fatal cup.
• He keeps a good cellar.
• He was playing to the gallery.
• He has undoubtedly the best stable in the country.
These Figures-of-Speech are widely used by us in our communications.
iii. The instrument for the agent:
• The pen is mightier than the sword.
iv. The author for his works:
• We are reading Milton.
• Do you learn Euclid at your school?
These Figures-of-Speech are widely used by us in our communications.
In Synecdoche, a part is used to designate the whole or the whole to designate a part.
i. A part used to designate whole:
• Give us this day our daily bread. (I.e. food)
• Uneasy lies the head that wears the crown.
• He has many mouths to feed.
• All the best brains could not solve the problem.
ii. The whole used to designate a part:
• England (i.e. the cricket team of England) won the first test match against Australia.
These Figures-of-Speech are widely used by us in our communications.
In this figure, an epithet is transformed from its proper word to another that is closely associated with that in the sentence.
• He passed sleepless night.
• A lackey presented an obsequious cup of coffee.
In Litotes an affirmative is conveyed by negation of the opposite, the effect being to suggest a strong expression
by means of a weaker. It is the opposite of Hyperbole.
• I am a citizen of no mean. (I am a celebrated citizen)
• The man is no fool. (Very clever)
• I am not a little surprised. (Greatly)
These Figures-of-Speech are widely used by us in our communications.
Interrogation is asking of a question not for the sake of getting an answer, but to put a point more effectively.
• Am I my brother's keeper?
• Who is here so vile that will not love his country?
In this figure, the exclamatory form is used to draw greater attention to a point that mere bald statement of it could do.
• What is piece of work is man!
• How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank!
• what a fall was there, my countryman!
These Figures-of-Speech are widely used by us in our communications.
Climax (KILMAX means a ladder) is the arrangement of a series of ideas in the order of increasing importance.
• He is simple, erect, severe, austere and sublime.
• What a piece of work man! How noble in reason, how infinite in faculties! In action, how like an angel!
• In apprehension, how like a God!
Anticlimax is the opposite of Climax-a sudden descent from higher to lower.
It is chiefly used for the purpose of satire or ridicule.
• O The great Dalhousie! The great god of war, you sometimes take counsel, and sometimes take tea.
These are the Figures-of-Speech that we usually use in our communications.
By reading more and more books, you will become familiar with all these figures and you will start using these figures at ease.
The first section on Figures of Speech
Go to the 'Advanced English Index' to continue


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24/10/2016 Press release
Petrobras and Total form a Strategic Alliance in Upstream and Downstream
Petrobras and Total inform that Pedro Parente, CEO of Petrobras and Patrick Pouyanné, Chairman and CEO of Total signed today, in Rio de Janeiro, a Memorandum of Understanding which sets the general framework for a Strategic Alliance covering Upstream and Downstream activities in Brazil as well as international potential opportunities.
Through this agreement, the companies undertake to join forces in some key areas of mutual interest and to evaluate opportunities in Brazil and abroad to jointly benefit from their internationally recognized expertise on all segments of the oil and gas value chain.
As a first phase of implementation, the companies intend to focus on Upstream and on Gas and Power.
In Upstream, Petrobras will propose Total to partner in projects in Brazil and Total will propose Petrobras to partner in opportunities outside Brazil. This new partnership will allow both companies to combine their world class experience and expertise in deep water development to optimize the production and jointly develop this strategic area of activity in Brazil and in other high potential oil and gas provinces, as well as sharing costs and risks in projects with high investment and complexity.
In Downstream, the companies will be working to develop joint activities in the gas and power generation in Brazil.
The memorandum also states that the cooperation will be extended, in a second phase, to a broader cooperation in Brazil focused on all downstream segments.
Currently, Petrobras and Total are jointly participating in 15 consortiums worldwide in exploration and production, nine of which are in Brazil and six abroad. In Brazil, the companies are partners in the development of the giant Libra area which is the first production sharing contract in the Brazilian pre-salt in Santos basin. Outside Brazil, Petrobras and Total are partners on the Chinook field in the US Gulf of Mexico, on the deep-water Akpo field in Nigeria and on the gas fields of San Alberto and San Antonio/Itau in Bolivia, as well as in the Bolivia-Brazil gas pipeline.
Petrobras is an integrated energy company focused on oil and gas, recognized as a leader in deep and ultra-deep water exploration and production, operating mainly in Brazil. Petrobras currently produces 2.88 million barrels of oil equivalent per day. The company's values are respect for life, people and the environment; ethics and transparency; market driven; overcoming and confidence; and results oriented.
Total is a global integrated energy producer and provider, a leading international oil and gas company, and the world's second-ranked solar energy operator with SunPower. Total´s 96,000 employees are committed to better energy that is safer, cleaner, more efficient, more innovative and accessible to as many people as possible. As a responsible corporate citizen, Total focuses on ensuring that its operations in more than 130 countries worldwide consistently deliver economic, social and environmental benefits.


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Khadi means handspun and handwoven cloth. In 1918 Mahatma Gandhi started his movement for Khadi as relief programme for the poor masses living in India's villages. Spinning and weaving was elevated to an ideology for self-reliance and selfgovernment. Every village shall plant and harvest its own raw-materials for yarn, every woman and man shall engage in spinning and every village shall weave whatever is needed for its own use. In the first half of this century, and in many parts even now, farmers have not enough work to earn their living through out the year. Continue Reading
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An Australian web-based sitcom is about to get broadcast on Showcase in the UK, this Sunday.
The Cleanists was developed by Tristram Baumber (Wednesday Night Fever) as ten five-minute episodes, following the exploits of four partners who run a house-cleaning business.
It stars James Chapman, Gabriella Stevens, Shanon Kulupach and Craig Lindeman.
"They clean houses. They touch hearts. They don't do curtains," says the show's one-line pitch.
"This is a pretty big break for us, as it means being beamed into millions of homes in Great Britain and Ireland. We're currently in the process of looking for an Australian broadcaster," Baumber told TV Tonight.
"Writing and directing The Cleanists has been a fantastic experience for me from start to finish. I really feel like I found the perfect cast and crew for the project, and we've all become friends off-set as well as on.
"Getting the green light from Showcase TV in the UK was huge for us. We're very excited about people across Great Britain and Ireland seeing our show. It just goes to demonstrate how truly global the TV business is now.
"We're currently looking for an Australian broadcaster for our series. It seems in some ways broadcast TV may be less flexible in Australia than it can be in other countries. It's a bit weird for us to be broadcast overseas before we're broadcast at home, but we're happy for it to happen in whatever order comes naturally."
All ten episodes are available to view at youtube.com/thecleanists.


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contact lens care
Soft Contact Lens Deposition Part I
Figure 1. Lipid deposition on a soft contact lens. Photos courtesy of Dr. Ron Watanabe.
Soft lens complications are often a result of contact lens deposition. The use of disposable lenses especially daily and two-week replacement modalities has helped in decreasing deposition and the problems associated with it. When using yearly or three-month replacement modalities, however, patients must perform proper lens care to provide a clean lens surface. Hydrogel lenses deposit secondary to their hydrophilic surface, patient tear film, environment and lens handling. Here are some common types of soft contact lens deposits and how to manage them.
Protein Deposits
One of the more common deposits, protein deposits originate primarily from albumin, globulin and lysozyme in the tears. A protein deposit has an opaque, white filmy appearance and may have cracks when the film is thick. It's found primarily on the front surface of soft contact lenses and on both surfaces of GP lenses. Deposition begins immediately after lens application. The deposits may bind solution preservatives. Protein deposition is most common in high-water-content hydrogels, followed by low-water-content HEMA materials. Silicone hydrogels tend to accumulate protein the least.
Practitioners should direct patients prone to heavy protein deposition to daily disposables. If this can't be done, recommend an enzymatic cleaner once each week or more. Extended wear patients should switch to daily wear. It's also helpful to refit into a more protein deposit-resistant material such as silicone hydrogel.
Lipid Deposits
Lipid deposition has a smeared, greasy whitish appearance (Figure 1). The lipid arises from the meibomian glands of the lids. Patients more prone to deposition include those with tear film potassium deficiency, dry eye, high fat diets and high alcohol consumption. Silicone hydrogel materials tend to accumulate more lipids than some conventional materials. Management includes thoroughly rubbing or rinsing lenses with solution; using an alcohol-based daily cleaner, which dissolves lipids; and/or using lenses with a two-week or less replacement schedule.
Figure 2. Close-up of a fungus imbedded in a soft contact lens.
These are gray, black, brown or white growths in the lens matrix.
Microorganisms are usually fungi or yeast and appear in a filamentary pattern (Figure
2). They're common in patients who neglect daily disinfection or who use non-preserved
saline, high-water-content lenses and/or lenses dam-
aged or deposited with protein.
Lenses contaminated with microorganisms need to be replaced. Careful
patient instruct-
ion is necessary regarding good personal hygiene and proper daily disinfection. It's also important to avoid prolonged lens storage without disinfecting lenses.
Dr. Gromacki has served as a faculty member at the University of Michigan Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences.


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(PECL imagick 2.0.0)
Imagick::solarizeImage — Applies a solarizing effect to the image
This function is currently not documented; only its argument list is available.
Applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by selectively exposing areas of photo sensitive paper to light. Threshold ranges from 0 to QuantumRange and is a measure of the extent of the solarization.
Returns TRUE on success.


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Here at Threaplands Garden Centre we have been designing and creating beautiful gardens for over 20 years. In October 2018 we expanded into a large custom-built facility next door to our old premises housing our garden centre, gift shop and restaurant which has been praised for it's extensive menu and incredible food. With hot food choices such as steak pie or macaroni cheese to cold items like paninis and homemade cakes, there is something for everyone to enjoy.read more
Three months after opening their Keith based showroom and less than a year from first trading, Falcon Building Supplies have been awarded the prestigious title of Best Building Supply Company at the Scottish Home Improvement Awards 2018.read more
In almost all cases, yes. It's one of the more straightforward goals to achieve. You may have heard the expression; "weeds are just wild flowers in the wrong place". Most gardens have lots of garden flowers for most of the year, often carefully chosen, and providing plenty colour, and scent for us to enjoy, and lots of essential pollen for the bees and other insects. Uncontrolled weeds on a lawn are generally less welcome, and not really necessary. After a few years, the lawn resembles a cabbage patch, and you don't know where to begin!read more
For Birthdays, Stag Parties and anniversaries - House of Mulben is a great day out.
For my friend's Stag Party ten of us went for an afternoon of outdoor activity.read more
Not just for train enthusiasts, 'The Whisky Line' is a nostalgic rail journey from Dufftown to Keith and back again.read more
Not just a bowling alley, Pinz is a hangar sized building full of fun.
Situated on the East side of Elgin, only a 10 minute walk from the town centre and 2 minutes from the main bus route.read more
Inverness Choral Society's popular Coffee Morning returns to Inverness's grand Town House on Saturday 29th October, 10.30 - 12.30pm. For a bargain £3 entry, you can relax in splendour and enjoy coffee, cake and Sheila Bruce's wonderful playing on the grand piano. By buying a raffle ticket, having a go on the bottle stall or snapping up some delicious home baking, you will be helping to fund future choral performances at Eden Court Theatre. www.invernesschoral.org.ukread more
Where service matters
"We don't just sell boots, we fit them". Whether this applies to hiking boots or to ski boots, this is only one of the personal professional services offered by manager Colin Lyon and his team at Craigdon Mountain Sports Inverness Ltd. The shop is easy to find on Academy Street, Inverness, near the bus station and sells a wide range of general and specialist outdoor gear. Colin has recently taken over ownership of this prestigious outdoor shop and hopes to build on its solid reputation within the outdoor industry.read more
We are an independent, privately owned property developer who strives to achieve the highest quality; bespoke, new build homes in desirable locations across the North East of Scotland. We have over 50 years combined experience and for more than 5 years the company has been building beautiful bespoke homes that people love. As a locally run company, we have developed our dedicated small team to ensure we all work to meet our customers varied requirements.read more
Since opening in 2012, Andy Housby and the team at Kinloss Garage have built a reputation for good quality work and excellent customer service.read more
Earthtime is a Social Enterprise, (part of Moray Social Enterprise Network) and a Community Interest Company which focuses on environmental education and provides a wide range of activities to suit all ages and occasions. All Earthtime's work aims to inspire and generate enthusiasm for nature and the outdoors and a respect for the earth's resources.read more
Local women now have the chance to experience a superior Curves workout at Curves Nairn with the arrival of our next generation state-of-the art equipment. The circuit has been redesigned to improve form and resistance and achieve better results.read more


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Detroit: 10 Things to Do
8. The Fisher Building
This Art Deco office building is one of Detroit's architectural gems. Designed by architect Albert Kahn and built in 1928, the Fisher Building was supposed to have a second tower, but the Great Depression nixed those plans. At the time, the now defunct Detroit Times wrote, "The tower will be to Detroit what the Eiffel Tower is to Paris." Today, there are several restaurants, cafés and shops on the building's first floor, as well as the Fisher Theatre, which, at press time, was scheduled to stage productions of West Side Story and Mary Poppins. In the lobby, be sure to look up at the ornate ceiling.
1. The Fisher Building
3011 West Grand Blvd., Detroit, Mich. 48202 42.3679344-83.0808908
2. Downtown Detroit
Detroit, Mich. 42.331427-83.0457538


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#42 How a Modern CMO Builds Her Marketing Team. An Interview with Heidi Bullock, CMO at Engagio
February 26, 2018
Heidi Bullock has spent the past 6 years building marketing teams at Marketo and now Engagio. In this episode, Heidi discusses her approach to defining roles and responsibilities and what it takes to create a high-performance marketing team. Heidi talks about how she shifted the traditional structure of a marketing organization and created a "hub of customer engagement." I share the framework of an Accountability Chart and how to use a "GWC" score card - a process we teach our clients for designing their organizations. We also cover how to incentivize marketing teams, share some critical roles that didn't exist a few years ago, and discuss the importance of being passionate about what you do. We wrap-up hearing Heidi's very prescriptive advice about what it takes, especially as a woman, to rise to the highest level of leadership. As a bonus, we close out on what it takes to define a new category for your product. This is a great episode, so don't miss it and be sure to share it if you like it.


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How Wolfram Alpha Compares to Google, Wikipedia (PC Magazine via Yahoo! News)Wednesday, May 13th, 2009
In just a few days' time, college students and amateur researchers will gain a new resource: Wolfram Alpha, which sits somewhere between Google and Wikipedia as a Web almanac or research tool. We asked Wolfram co-founder to explain Alpha's nuances, and took it for a test drive.


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Are You Mud in the Social Media Waters? 4
Social networks often claim to have altruistic motives (e.g., Facebook's more connected world) or they claim not to be social networks at all (as in the case of twitter). These claims at best lead to a convenient ambiguity and in any case highlight an obligation for anyone practicing social media.
I say this as someone who believes […]


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Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corp (BMPC) is responsible for developing advanced naval nuclear propulsion technology, providing technical support to ensure the safety and reliability of our nation's naval nuclear reactors and training the sailors who operate those reactors in the Navy's submarine and aircraft carrier fleets. BMPC operates the Bettis and Knolls Atomic Power Laboratories for the Department of Energy. BMPC is dedicated solely to the support of the United States Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program.
Recruiting Computer Systems Engineering and Electrical Engineering seniors and MS students for fulltime positions. (Juniors are also welcome to attend to become familiar with our company and connect with our engineers, but there a very limited number of internships available.)
Resumes accepted. Food is provided.


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Massive open online courses provided by business schools do not appear to threaten their existing markets, according to research published today by the University of Pennsylvania.
Penn researchers surveyed 875,000 students who enrolled in nine Moocs offered by its Wharton school. They found that far from cannibalising the market for existing programmes, as business schools have feared, the Moocs reached at least three new student populations which business schools are trying to attract.
"We would like to expand to other sections of the population," said Ezekiel Emanuel, Penn's vice-provost for global initiatives and one of the authors of the report, adding that even if the Moocs did not become profitable in the near future they seem to be serving as a sort of targeted advertising for these hard-to-reach groups.
The research, published in the Harvard Business Review, found that large numbers of people who registered were from outside the US – 78 per cent of them were from overseas and more than half of whom came from developing nations. In contrast only 45 per cent of Wharton's full time MBA students are foreign and only 14 per cent of its executive MBA students come from overseas.
The Moocs also attracted a high proportion of foreign-born US individuals – 35 per cent of US individuals who enrolled were born abroad.
The researchers found that 19 per cent of American students enrolled in the business Moocs were from "under-represented minorities" compared with just 11 per cent of students enrolled in traditional MBA programmes at nine of the top US business schools.
"Students from outside the United States, especially developing countries, foreign-born Americans and under-represented American minorities are students that business schools are trying to attract," the researchers say in their paper. They cite Graduate Management Admission Council research showing these groups were among the most likely to receive special, targeted outreach by business schools.
"Open online business courses are reaching them in droves. These Mooc courses might then provide a highly enriched recruiting pool for full-time and executive MBA courses," the report concludes.
Prof Emanuel said one interesting aspect from the latest research is that it reveals students taking business courses are from a broader demographic than those taking Moocs in general. Penn researchers last year found that Moocs were taken by the educated few. In the latest research, women were still under-represented, he said, but business Moocs appear to reach more underprivileged sections of society.
"We don't know why there's a difference between business Moocs and non-business Moocs. We hadn't anticipated it. It's an area for further research," Prof Emanuel said.
The nine courses provided by Wharton include four that introduce the MBA core – accounting, finance, marketing and operations management – as well as courses such as gamification and the global business of sport.
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Racing from class to dinner with your friends? The Bharti Backpack Tote makes the perfect transition from campus bookbag to daily tote. With our Bluesign Certified water repellent fabric, your bag remains durable while your essentials stay dry. Aluminum hardware and seatbelt webbing ensure sturdiness to get you and your items throughout your busiest days. Toss it on your back or shoulder and get going. Do so in confidence as you rock fashion, function, and freedom all in one.
Dimensions: (LxWxH) 15 x 3 x 16 inches
- Water Repellent Fabric
- Aluminum Hardware
- Laptop Pocket
- Exterior and Interior Pockets
- Adjustable Backpack Straps
- Machine Washable
- Bluesign Certified Fabric
- Fair Trade Certified
- Made in Freedom