text:
Our Awardees - In their own words
Chestnut Ridge Conservancy
A $1,500 PTNY Growing the Grassroots grant made it possible for Erie County's Chestnut Ridge Conservancy to produce two eye-catching full-color, eight-page editions of the organization's newsletter, the Ridge Times. As the newsletters were widely circulated throughout the county, they served as an important membership recruitment and primary marketing vehicle for the Conservancy at a time when they were undertaking their first major project, the restoration and conservation of the five murals painted in 1948 on the interior walls of the Chestnut Ridge Park Casino.
"Since being awarded the PTNY grant, the Chestnut Ridge Conservancy has made great strides in increasing our visibility and importance in Western New York. We are extremely proud of our progress and look forward to an even more successful 2014. Your financial support has helped us promote our efforts to all of Erie County." William C. Even, Chestnut Ridge Conservancy Marketing Consultant
New York City Water Trail Association
In 2013, the New York City Water Trail Association (NYCWTA) decided to establish membership fees and use tide wheels as a tool not only to solicit memberships but also inform the public about the safe use of the New York City Water Trail system. The group used a $1,000 PTNY Growing the Grassroots grant to fund the printing.
"Many of the groups and individuals who joined were directed to the group's website after receiving a tide wheel at a water event or from members of their paddling or rowing club. We were also able to provide a valuable tool for the users of NYC waterways and get our organization better known by occasional users of the waterways as well as politicians and agencies on the local, state and federal level. We look forward to a long and mutually rewarding relationship between NYCWTA and PTNY." PHIL GILLER, NEW YORK CITY WATER TRAIL ASSOCIATION
Friends of Letchworth State Park
$2,550 Growing the Grassroots grant from PTNY has made a major difference in the visibility and energy of the Friends of Letchworth State Park. The western New York park friends group has used the funds and in-kind donations to undertake several projects, each involving images donated by a professional photographer, which have resulted in a dramatic increase in memberships, donations, website hits, Facebook members, and additional grants.
In the last year, the group's membership grew by 30% and donations went from $2,700 to more than $18,000. The Friends also credit PTNY's grant for helping them receive a $3,000 Every Day Capacity Building Grant from the National Environmental Education Foundation and a $16,200 state grant through the Finger Lakes Regional Economic Development Council.
"These are all certainly wonderful accomplishments for us in themselves, but perhaps the greatest achievement we have seen as a result of PTNY's grant has occurred within our group itself. The size of our Board has increased from eight to 16 members. The enthusiasm, interest, involvement, and momentum has increased substantially as we have realized more and more that we are positively affecting our beloved park with the projects we are taking on. We are so excited to see how far we've come and what we have been able to accomplish." CAROL RATHBUN, PRESIDENT, FRIENDS OF LETCHWORTH STATE PARK
Winona Forest Recreation Association
A $1,4000 PTNY Growing the Grassroots grant awarded to the Winona Forest Recreation Association made it possible to print and distribute brochures and newsletters to solicit members and donations to aid the group in their efforts to promote and maintain trails in Winona State Forest in Tug Hill.
Brochures were placed in 30 area business and distributed by the Oswego County tourism bureau. Newsletters were mailed to past and present members and placed at local businesses. As a result, volunteers have increased by 10% and donations have jumped by 15%. "Thank you for the opportunity to grow our organization." CAROLYN REES, PRESIDENT, WINONA FOREST RECREATION ASSOCIATION
Friends of Schodack Island State Park
The Friends of Schodack Island State Park, Inc. used a $1,000 grant and many donated services to establish a new website and create membership rack cards to improve communication with members and increase membership and community participation in activities and events at the Hudson River park.
"We are seeing one to two Friends memberships coming in each month as a result of the rack cards and website views are now 400 to 500 per month." DANIEL O'DELL, PRESIDENT, FRIENDS OF SCHODACK ISLAND STATE PARK, INC.
Friends of Ulysses S. Grant Cottage
The Friends of Ulysses S. Grant Cottage, Inc. used a $1,200 grant from PTNY to place ads in local publications to help recruit tour guides to assist with interpretation of the Adirondack cottage where President Grant spent his final days. The group received almost 30 inquiries and ultimately gained 12 new volunteers.
"The grant was such a success for us that immediately following the public announcement of our receipt of the funds for our volunteer recruitment effort, we began receiving calls from interested individuals." JONATHAN DUDA, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, FRIENDS OF ULYSSES S. GRANT COTTAGE
Great Swamp Conservancy
A $1,500 PTNY Growing the Grassroots capacity building grant helped Central New York'sGreat Swamp Conservancy, Inc. spread the word more widely about their efforts to assist landowners in managing 6,000 acres restored by USDA/NRCS as "Forever Wild" on the south eastern shore of Oneida Lake. Grant funds were used to produce a new membership brochure and full-color newsletters. Volunteer efforts to widely distribute these new materials have resulted in membership growth of 40%, 10 new volunteers, and a doubling of attendance at some events.
"We now have professional products that we are proud to distribute. We are very thankful for PTNY's assistance" MICHAEL PATANE, PRESIDENT, GREAT SWAMP CONSERVANCY
Friends of the Chemung River Watershed
A PTNY Growing the Grassroots grant helped the Friends of the Chemung River Watersheddevelop their fundraising skills, leading to some remarkable results. The group used the grant to hire a consultant who trained the organization's board and staff and advised them on solicitation letters and mailing list development. As a result, in the last year the group raised $12,327 and increased annual membership by 83%.
"We now have the knowledge, experience, and resources to expand and improve our fundraising goals which will allow us to improve our ability to protect and maintain our waterways and riverside trails." JIM PFIFFER, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, FRIENDS OF THE CHEMUNG RIVER WATERSHED
Gantry Plaza
Using a $2,600 Growing the Grassroots grant from PTNY, the Friends of Gantry Plaza State Park printed and mailed a postcard introducing the group and its new website to 12,500 households surrounding the Long Island City-based park. Cards were also made available in businesses and apartment buildings and at events in and around the park. As a result, the number of newsletter subscribers increased 105%, the group raised an additional $1,000 in donations, and attracted a new member who is helping with a strategic plan and marketing efforts.
"Both the postcards and the fact of being awarded a grant from Parks & Trails New York have raised awareness and increased our prestige. The grant has been an important milestone for our group and gave us the impetus to seek out donations from local developers who benefit directly from being on the park. Our plan is to continue to hammer away at the process of getting our name out there and drawing in people and organizations dedicated to preserving this beautiful park." BILL BYLEWSKI, PRESIDENT, FRIENDS OF GANTRY PLAZA STATE PARK, INC.
Friends of Minekill and Max V. Shaul State Parks
Thanks to a $2,000 Growing the Grassroots grant from PTNY, the Friends of Minekill and Max V. Shaul State Parks in the Schoharie Valley have a new logo, website and membership brochure which have given the group greater visibility and support. After the membership brochure was mailed to local residents and made available at park events, membership increased 160 percent.
"Prior to receiving the Growing the Grassroots grant, we struggled to attract and hold new members. The grant allowed us to present ourselves more professionally and breathed new life into our group." BRENDA WEAVER, PRESIDENT, FRIENDS OF MINEKILL AND MAX V. SHAUL STATE PARKS
Northville-Placid Chapter of Adirondack Mountain Club
A logo and membership brochure, made possible by a PTNY Growing the Grassroots Capacity Building grant, helped the newly-formed Northville-Placid Trail chapter of the Adirondack Mountain Club with its efforts to attract members and volunteers. The club assists NYSDEC with stewardship of the 133-mile trail that traverses some of the most remote sections of the Adirondack Park.
"ADK is deeply grateful to PTNY for its assistance with this project – building capacity of the Northville-Placid Trail chapter ensures the improvement and protection of the trail over time." DEB ZAK, DIRECTOR OF MEMBERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT, ADIRONDACK MOUNTAIN CLUB
Kingston Land Trust
The Kingston Land Trust (KLT) used a $1,000 PTNY Growing the Grassroots Capacity Building grant to develop a positioning statement, branding strategy, logo and tagline. The attractive materials are helping KLT's Rail Trail Committee promote and create a green, non-motorized alternative that will allow local citizens and visitors to explore and connect with neighborhoods and regional recreational opportunities.
"With all that is happening for trails within the City, the timing could not have been better for this grant which has helped us set our course in a clear way for expanded outreach and constituency building." GREGG SWANZEY, CHAIRPERSON, KLT RAIL TRAIL COMMITTEE
Saratoga Mountain Bike Association
The Saratoga Mountain Bike Association (SMBA) used some of its Growing the Grassroots grant to allow key members to complete chainsaw certification and first aid training necessary for their ongoing trail stewardship activities. However, after much deliberation and guidance from PTNY, the group's leaders decided not to produce a membership brochure as initially intended but instead to better strengthen their efforts by using grant funds to achieve federal 501c(3) status.
"SMBA has grown tremendously as an organization and our board of directors has gained a great deal of knowledge while working on our grant-related projects. Our members are better informed, and our club has grown into an active trail steward working for mountain bikers in New York's Capital Region. We sincerely wish to thank Parks & Trails New York for working with us to achieve this goal." CHRISTOPHER MORRIS, VICE-PRESIDENT, SARATOGA MOUNTAIN BIKE ASSOCIATION
Battenkill Conservancy
Washington County's Battenkill Conservancy used its PTNY Growing the Grassroots grant to update its website and launch a year-long effort to increase membership and outreach. In-kind donations were especially helpful as they made it possible for the Conservancy to upgrade its materials and expand its efforts while staying within the original budget as it continues efforts to preserve and enhance the Battenkill watershed.
"We received 11 in-kind donations, nine sponsors, more than 200 volunteer hours spread out among 10 distinct events, two new board members, support from the Chamber of Commerce for additional grants, and two new partnerships as a result of our increased visibility. In one year, our website surged to nearly 60,000 hits." LORRAINE MERGHART BALLARD, BOARD MEMBER, BATTENKILL CONSERVANCY
Brooklyn Greenway Initiative
When the Brooklyn Greenway Initiative (BGI) submitted its capacity grant proposal to PTNY, very few of the organization's 2500 e-newsletter subscribers were annual donors, despite the fact they participated in events, tours, and workshops. BGI used its $2250 capacity grant to upgrade its website with a new membership page and design and print an engaging and colorful promotional and membership brochure for the organization. As a result, in 2010, BGI added almost 1700 additional names to its newsletter list (an increase of 66%) and doubled its membership.
"We knew that building a strong membership base would be essential to insuring the long-term success of the Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway, but we needed dedicated funding to jump-start the process. The capacity grant from Parks & Trails New York was the perfect catalyst." - BGI DIRECTOR OF PROGRAMS MEG FELLERATH
Owasco Flats Nature Reserve
Thanks to a capacity building grant from PTNY, the nonprofit Owasco Flats Nature Reserve has a new logo, newsletter template, family-friendly information kiosk designs, and its first member newsletter in three years.
"We loved the logo that we used for the past 30 years, however, we recently realized that in order to communicate to our members, we needed to go digital, with a new digital logo, a digital newsletter and web blog. A capacity grant from Parks & Trails New York allowed us to better communicate the opportunities available in the Owasco Flats Nature Reserve. Our hope is to grow a foundation of support amongst youth, families and communities. We sincerely thank PTNY for giving us the opportunity to expand and improve our organization and our community outreach. The grant has allowed our organization to grow, conduct outreach in the digital age, and improve our trail system at the Owasco Flats Nature Reserve." - SANDIE DORAN, CHAIRPERSON OF THE OWASCO FLATS NATURE RESERVE.
Erie Cattaraugus Rail Trail, Inc.
Capacity grant funds helped Erie Cattaraugus Rail Trail (ECRT) create and distribute 1000 "Become A Supporter" business cards and 3500 "Become A Supporter" post cards. The distribution was made through person-to-person contact and through display stands placed in local businesses and government buildings. ECRT also purchased a 36" standing display banner for use at events, meetings and presentations.
"Our objective is to build public and political support for the proposed trail, but with five very different towns, some in favor and some fearful, we need outreach programs that target diverse interests. Having the capacity grant dollars has allowed us to develop individualized strategic communication materials that are so vital to addressing many different community concerns and has helped us generate a broad base of committed, enthusiastic supporters in every community along the corridor." - ANNE BERGANTZ, ECRT CHAIRPERSON
Association for Conservation of Recreational and Natural Spaces
The Association for Conservation of Recreational and Natural Spaces (ACORNS) used their capacity grant to produce a banner and a membership brochure. As a result, the group has attracted a new patron level member ($100) and their first life member ($500), added 50 new names to their newsletter mailing list (an increase of 9%), and enjoyed overflow attendance at several public events.
Friends of Connetquot River State Park Preserve
The Friends of Connetquot River State Park Preserve's capacity grant allowed the group undertake its first concerted effort to raise public awareness of the park as a valuable community resource and gain support for the work of the Friends on behalf of the park. Funds were used to print a new brochure and purchase and create a tabletop display for use at public events.
"The publicity materials supported by the grant have greatly helped us to promote the Preserve and our work. Our membership increased by 23% from 416 in December 2009 to 512 in December 2010. This is a significant gain considering that in the past two years the organization's member base was decreasing by five percent." - EDITH WILSON, BOARD MEMBER
Friends of Rockland Lake and Hook Mountain, Inc.
The membership campaign made possible by the Park and Trails capacity building grant generated a 50% increase in membership renewals and number of new members from 2009 to 2010, resulting in the greatest one-year membership revenue increase in the group's seven-year history.
"As a small all-volunteer non-profit, support from an organization like Park and Trail's is so very important." -
Friends of Taconic State Park
The Friends of Taconic State Park used their capacity building grant to hire a marketing and membership development consultant to help the group undertake a membership mailing and a major member cultivation event and create marketing materials for community events.
"We have been humbled and slightly incredulous at the extraordinary response to our membership outreach. As of the end of September 2010 we met our goal of adding 100 new members and by January 2011 we reached 184. I truly believe that winning the Columbia County Heritage Award was the result of our increased publicity and outreach efforts, neither of which would have been possible without your support." - Deborah Cohen, treasurer
"The Friends of Taconic State Park also realized a completely unexpected benefit as a result of receiving the Parks & Trails New York capacity building grant: two fund-raising consultants held training workshops for us at no charge. Both firms told us that although they do not normally take on clients as small as FTSP, they were so impressed with what we are doing that they wanted to help in some way. We really believe we learned a lot as a result of both workshops! Thank you Parks & Trails New York for helping us take this very important next step in our development."
Friends of the Robert Moses State Park Nature Center, Inc.
"The capacity grants definitely made a difference. The (member and community) survey alone was such an important next step after completing our five-year strategic plan but we never would have been able to do it without the capacity grant. Then getting such a positive response from the surveys shows the Friends group that people feel we are on the right track."
Friends of Van Cortlandt Park
"The community forum series would not have been accomplished without the capacity grants. The funding allowed us to do advertising and outreach which made a difference in allowing us to reach new audiences. Everyone who attended said they came because they saw an ad in the local paper. If we hadn't placed those ads, I'd have been sitting in a room by myself."
"Over the last year, the capacity grant and other grants we have received have allowed us to undertake outreach activities that have increased our membership numbers and tripled our number of volunteers. It's been a great year for us."
Friends of the Rail Trail
"A capacity grant from PTNY allowed us to get started quickly and get mobilized. It was the impetus that helped our committee get organized faster than we would have otherwise. Without the grant it would have taken us a couple of years to get where we are today. Our work is only just beginning, but the grant has indeed helped build our capacity better than I imagined was possible. Thank you!"
Trail Works, Inc.
"The capacity grants gave us the support and impetus we needed to expand our focus. Previously, we consisted of members in two towns and put all our energies there despite the fact that we were supposed to be a county-wide group. But with the capacity grant funds we did presentations about Trail Works at the libraries in every town and hosted a variety of speakers in locations throughout the county. As a result we not only have a great increase in the number of members, they also come from many other towns."


text:
Welcome to Thunderbird Add-ons.
Add extra features and styles to make Thunderbird your own.Close
TryAgain 22.214.171.124-signed.1-signed Requires Restart
by Paul Lammertsma, Mathijs
TryAgain keeps trying to load a webpage when the server cannot be reached.
About this Add-on
Developer's Comments
This extension is based on a Greasemonkey script made by Paul Lammertsma. That original script is now obsolete as he has joined the TryAgain developer team!
Version Information
Version 220.127.116.11-signed.1-signed
- Source code released under GNU General Public License, version 3.0

subset: commoncrawl


text:
IELTS Writing Task 2 Topic:
Traditional food is undergoing great changes and being replaced by new diets. What do you think are the reasons and what do you think about this phenomenon?
Identifying the essay type: Give the reasons and your opinion
Structuring the essay:
refer to the statement
Paragraph 1: Give the reasons for this issue
[1] family size is the proper explanation for this change
[2] this dietary shift is also attributable to recent leaps in technology.
[3] the enormous penetration of transnational cartels throughout the developing world is also inextricably linked to this transition.
Paragraph 2: Give your opinion about this issue => Negative consequences
[1] the demise of cultural norms
[2] various ailments such as obesity, cardiovascular and diabetes are exacerbated
Restate your point.
Our contemporary society has been apparently characterised by the hustle and bustle of our life's tempo, coinciding with the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure. Accordingly, artisanal foods and culinary traditions have been left with little room to cater for modern people's requirements to their satisfaction. This essay aims to indicate some rationales behind this phenomenon.
First, family size is the proper explanation for this change. Formerly, the large size of families frequently leads to economic sense for one person to devote himself or herself to time-consuming domestic tasks. Yet, an increasing amount of family planning and a following decrease in the fertility rate have paved the way for numerous nuclear families with fewer members, but with higher demands for a better life, compared to the past. Understandably, parents have to earn their living more industriously, and processed foods, therefore, are no doubt substituting decent meals with conventional foods to save their time. Second, this dietary shift is also attributable to recent leaps in technology. Daily tasks that were once laborious engagements are presently far easier with the help of technological advancements, with examples being appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, and stoves. Therefore, new diets are taking the place of long-established ways of handling food by a simple press of a button. Further, technology has rendered our lifestyles more sedentary and convenience food is an optimum choice of white collars who are frequently chasing after the clock. Third, the enormous penetration of transnational cartels throughout the developing world is also inextricably linked to this transition. In fact, the liberalisation of foreign investment, the commercialization, and the saturation of Western markets have pushed domestic companies into other foreign locales. Also, improvements in the logistics and procurement systems employed by supermarkets have allowed them to compete, on cost, with the more typical outlets in locals – the small mom-and-pop stores and wet markets for fruits, vegetables, and all other products.
There are myriad of negative consequences. First, the demise of cultural norms will be inevitable. Specific techniques and practices would die out with our ancestors as they have no one in the younger generations to take up their craft. Moreover, various ailments such as obesity, cardiovascular and diabetes are exacerbated in our society.
Overall, I reckon that this phenomenon is triggered by many factors and has put our modern society in jeopardy. However, we should take full advantage of each kind of food, and to grasp all negative impacts of new diets to ensure our better life.
Useful vocabulary
- The hustle and bustle of our life's tempo
- Dietary consumption and energy expenditure
- Artisanal foods and culinary traditions
- Economic sense for one person
- Paved the way for
- The enormous penetration of transnational cartels
- The liberalisation of foreign investment
- Commercialization
- The demise of cultural norms
Hope you can find this post intriguing. Try to practice writing every day to improve your writing skills. You can find more tips and lessons about the IELTS test on ieltsmaterial.com. Don't forget "Practice makes perfect".
Also check :


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The lieutenant governor of Alaska has signed a new Alaska Department of Motor Vehicles regulation which will make it easier for transgender citizens to change their sex identifier on state ID cards. According to the Alaska Dispatch, anyone wanting to change their physical description can nonw submit certification from a licensed physician, social worker, psychologist, professional counselor, physicians assistant, or certified nurse practitioner that attests that the person is "undergoing treatment and that the change is expected to be permanent." That's a big swtich from the old regulation, in which trans people had to submit proof of surgery.
The change is in response to a state Superior Court ruling earlier this year in the case K.L. v. the State of Alaska which concluded that asking for proof of surgery was was too invasive of people's privacy rights. The case was brought by a trans woman who had been living female since 2009, but was refused a new driver's license by the DMV without proof of certain gender reassignment surgeries.
The new regulations begin August. 11.
The Alaska Dispatch reminds us that this is a small but important victory for the embattled transgender community in Alaska, who found themselves in the middle of a debate over Anchorage's failed proposition 5, a ballot measure that would have added protections to people regardless of gender identity and sexual orientation.


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Time code and microphone input cable for DSLR cameras with 3.55mm TRS jack.
Leather case for ACL204.
Protective pouch for the ACN Tiny Lockit box.
Miniature syncbox that supports 1080p and 1080i genlock, dual outputs for jamming multiple devices, and a OLED display that displays time code accurate up to 1/100 of a frame.
Display module with accurate time code and many special features.
Modular Lockit Slate with accurate time code and many special features.
Highly accurate time code generator with built-in WiFi and recorder integration.
15.75" time code cable.
ACN Lockit time code generator that transmits ZEISS CP.3 lens metadata.
19.5" cable for connecting the ACN-Master Lockit ACN port with the C-Link In of the Sound Devices 788T for wireless control, time code, and metadata management.
Highly accurate time code generator with built-in WiFi and recorder integration, plus everything you need to wirelessly sync two cameras at a savings of $100+.
Compact sync box with 5-pin Lemo time code interface cable for the Alexa Mini camera.
Compact sync box with Lemo5 and Lemo5 to BNC time code cables for Sony, Canon, Blackmagic, Arri, and Varicam cameras.
Compact sync box with Lemo5 to Lemo4 time code interface cable for Red DSMC, Epic, Weapon, Helix,and Monstr cameras.
Ultracompact sync box with wireless ACN Lockit compatibility.
Set of two ultracompact sync boxes with wireless ACN Lockit compatibility.
Provides power, time code, and tri-level sync for cameras and records lens metadata.
Designed for the ACN-LS Lockit Slate.
Waterproof cover for the Ambient ACD301 Time Code Slate.
23.6" 5-pin Lemo to right angled 5-pin Lemo time code cable.
9.8" 5-pin Lemo to RA 3.5 mm TRS coiled time code cable.
23.6" 5-pin Lemo to 5-pin Lemo time code cable.
Bi-drectional cable for use with Ambient Controller and Sound Devices
Allows for the calibration of internal TCXO for time code related products for accuracy better than 0.1 ppm
THIS ITEM HAS BEEN REPLACED BY THE SBOX-1N. Compact, self powered solution for reading/generating/jamming of SMPTE time code of all common frame rates 23.976 – 30 drop frame and non drop frame formats.
Protects the SBOX-1N while maintaining usability in-pouch.
Versatile time cord and word clock generator that makes syncing faster and easier. Replaces the SBOX-1.
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Compact 1" high anti-glare LED display that accepts any incoming frame rate.
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Reads and generates SMPTE/EBU time code.
Compact time code generator with 150 hour battery life powered by MicroUSB or replacable internal battery. BNC time code connector
Features a display. TCXO crystal, and is 23.976 HD compatible.
Generates, reads, and jams trilevel sync. Available with LEMO.
Reads SMPTE or EBU time code from a wide range of devices for post-production.
Replacement battery holder for Denecke TS-3 and TS-C time code slates.
Reads and displays SMPTE/EBU time code.
Reads and displays SMPTE/EBU time code.
Compact full featured smart slate. Reads and displays SMPTE/EBU time code.
7 x 11" acrylic engraved dry-erase slate.
Bidirectional cable to feed time code from your Tentacle to any device that uses a BNC time code in/out connector and vice versa.
Bidirectional cable to feed time code from your Tentacle to any device that uses a BNC time code in/out connector and vice versa, featuring a 90° right angle BNC connector.
Connects Tentacle Time Code Generator to RED Cameras, excluding RED One.
Cable to feed time code from your Tentacle to any device that uses a standard LEMO 5-pin connector.
[email protected] (212) 629-9430[email protected] (404) 855-2255


text:
Deforeyea Walker, 17, sits outside his west Charlotte home after just completing another year of high school. A puppy tied to a thin rope jumps playfully toward anyone who gets close in the patchy front yard. Walker looks on as he discusses his relationship with police, specifically the ones he has had run-ins with at school.
"I didn't like police before, and I still don't. They think that because they have a badge they can say whatever they want or search you whenever they want. Even if they just say 'what's up' to me, it's not all good. Just from the way they smile, they look down on me."
The increase in police officers in Charlotte-Mecklenburg schools, known as school resource officers, or SROs, has nearly tripled since 2004, going from 18 to 49. Meanwhile, the overall student population has increased by 18 percent.
Eighteen to 49 might seem like a modest hike, but experts say it's on the extreme end of a trend that's taken over nearly every school in the U.S.
SROs are in middle schools and high schools. Most have one SRO, but those schools that typically see more incidents of crime can have two. The district also utilizes officers through the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools Police Department, one of only two police agencies run by school systems in North Carolina. The CMS Police Department employs 12 patrol officers and four detectives, all sworn law enforcement officers with the power of arrest, and controls the over 100 security personnel working on campuses throughout Mecklenburg County.
Watchdogs say officers in schools create a negative learning environment for children who harbor distrust of police because of past experiences with profiling or other negative experiences.
Many students, including Walker, say they feel intimidated by police in schools. Some even say SROs harass them on their way to class.
Walker's involvement in several fights burned a bridge with his school's resource officer and quickly made him a target. Walker said he was regularly searched during his first two years in high school and told that it was because he looked high.
"Whenever I ran into him, it was never for any good reason," Walker says. "Police have never helped me do anything in life. I don't have any relationship with any police at my school."
The Justice Policy Institute, a national nonprofit organization that researches justice policies nationwide and pushes for reform, is a long-time advocate of the removal of police officers from schools. Marc Schindler, Justice Policy's executive director, offers three reasons: the criminalization of normal teen behavior, the misuse of public resources, and the creation of an unsafe environment. The institute's research has found that the presence of police does not create a safe feeling for children, especially those who have grown up in low-income, crime-stricken areas.
Speaking over the phone from Washington, D.C., Schindler said that police presence in schools began beefing up across the country at the beginning of the 21st century, when the media became obsessed with school shootings, leading parents and administrations to believe their students were less safe. The odds of being involved in a school shooting are about the same as being struck by lightning.
Schindler called the increase of police in Charlotte-Mecklenburg schools "on the very extreme side" compared to other districts.
"Our research says that kids feel safer in a nurturing environment where they have someone to talk to," Schindler said. "If you're in an environment where you don't feel safe then your behavior will reflect that. I'd rather have a counselor than a police officer in my kid's school."
School resource officers are police sworn in by the CMPD who volunteer for school duty. They go through a selection process in which their background is checked for, among other qualifications, the sort of work they have done with children. SROs are supposed to stay out of disciplinary issues unless a clear crime is committed. In the event of a crime, SROs may arrest, release a student to the custody of a guardian, or force a student to leave campus. Most incidents that involve police often involve a suspension. Randy Hagler, CMS Police Department chief, says the department wants to create a safe environment in schools.
"The police try to stay out of the disciplinary part of it," he says. "If we can still provide a safe environment on campus through the school staff taking disciplinary action then we want to do that. Occasionally there's a situation that's so egregious it has to be handled through arrest. We try to limit that, but sometimes it has to be handled that way."
While the number of crimes reported in schools has remained steady over five years, hovering between 1,400 and 1,600, arrests are down. School resource officers sometimes offer students an alternative to arrest: entering a diversion program. This has helped bring down the number of juvenile arrests, which was a huge problem only six years ago. About 990 arrests were made during the 2007-08 year. During the most recent school year, officers made 511 juvenile arrests in CMS schools.
Sgt. Celestine Ratliff, leader of CMPD's School Resource Unit, says resource officers are encouraged to build relationships with youth and that some mentor through programs, including CMPD's Right Moves for Youth, or help coach some schools' athletic teams. Ratliff never responded to emails that asked how many of the district's 49 SROs participate in such programs.
FROM THE TIME Walker was 12, he was in and out of juvenile detention centers on charges including grand theft auto and larceny. He said that as he reached the age of 16, when he could be charged as an adult in North Carolina, his probation officer referred him to LIFT Academy, a life-skills program run by Charlotte-based non-profit Youth Development Initiatives. Youth Development Initiatives takes referrals from SROs and juvenile court counselors and attempts to help troubled and at-risk youth finish and become ready for life outside school.
Since it began in 2008, LIFT's after-school program has helped 91 percent of enrollees improve grades during their first semester of participation and has kept kids attending school for 40 more days on average than they had during previous semesters. The grade point averages of participants rise, on average, by almost a point.
Walker reluctantly entered the program, but within two to three weeks he was thriving, spurred along by a program manager, Dee Rankin, who worked closely with him.
"Rankin saw that potential in me," says Walker.
Darryl Bego, founder and president of Youth Development Initiatives, meets with school resource officers before the start of the school year to explain the student referral process. He says he thinks the officers belong in schools but wishes he had more of an opportunity to interact with them, to train them on ways to have more of a positive impact on kids' lives.
"I would train them as site-based mentors instead of just posted soldiers in the hallways," Bego says. "You're engaging resources that are going to be at the school already. But it has to be strategic, it has to be relevant to the kids or the kids won't buy it." Officers are able to take part in YDI if they so choose. Ratliff works closely with some of its programs, showing up on weekends out of uniform.
The program offers kids pre-paid gift cards when they begin achieving goals. It's a bribe, but an effective one. Walker attributes the program to what he calls the total 180 of his life, the point from which he began to turn things around.
Rankin and others on staff helped Walker land his first job, at a Habitat for Humanity ReStore, only after he began passing all of his tests with flying colors. He is still employed at the store. He remembers receiving his first paycheck and the feeling of vindication and stability it gave him.
Since joining YDI in March 2013, he has seen his grades rise. He's even landed on the honor roll. He hopes to join the Air Force after finishing high school or to study biomedical engineering in college.
"I never was out robbing people because I wanted to be," Walker says. "I always did it to support my family. That first paycheck was a good feeling. It felt so much better than going out and taking something some other man had earned."


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Olympic dipping!
Get into the Olympic spirit and serve up your very own Brazilian flag whilst cheering on your favourite athletes at this years Rio 2016 Olympics. You can find all of these ingredients on Ocado.com and don't forget to take advantage of our winning offer; buy any 3 dips for £6!


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If you take your Jeep off road, it is very important that you have Jeep skid plates. Skid plates are also called sump guards, and they are steel plates that are attached to the undercarriage of a vehicle so that key components are not damaged when you are traveling off road. You may think it's not worth the trouble or the money to add Jeep skid plates, but think about it: when you go off road, you are often traveling over extremely rough terrain. Your oil pan, transfer case, and gas tank are just some of the key components that can be damaged by the rough terrain. You could end up spending a lot more to fix the damage caused than you would spend to prevent it with skid plates.
Many times, skid plates are available with off road packages when you first buy a Jeep. A lot of people prefer to buy their Jeep skid plates as an upgrade using after-market parts so that they have total control over exactly what goes on their Jeep. Those who live in towns and cities often find they need to buy skid plates for their Jeeps in order to protect them from damage caused by boardwalks and speed bumps.
There are several different kinds of skid plates available for your Jeep. Axle and differential skid plates protect the vulnerable parts of your Jeep such as the pinions. Steering box skid plates are designed to protect the steering box; after all, you don't want your steering to go out when you're driving on a rugged mountain road! Full tank skid plates are perfect for protecting your gas tank from being punctured or scraped, which is a good way of protecting yourself. You can also get skid plates that protect your transmission and transfer case, engine, oil pan, radiator, exhaust, to cover U-bolts, control arms, and that will protect the frame.
Some parts require drilling and some do not. It's important for you to decide what parts you need to protect your Jeep and whether you want to do any drilling. Once you decide, you can choose from a variety of styles, materials, and colors so that you can easily protect your Jeep and save money on repair costs.
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'Cow'ardly crime!
By Dr Oscar Rebelo
02 October 2015 13:25 IST
The horrific crime in UP wherein an innocent Muslim was lynched to death for having stored and consumed beef by a mob, obviously charged up by the beef ban and other obscurantist culture, now pervading our private spaces, makes you vomit at the sheer brutality of our society.
But this cannot be surprising.
Intolerance, violence, and a revisionist ideology is what this government to power and the foot soldiers are now demanding their pound of flesh (the more Muslim it is the better).
In Goa, we have been spared the horror and many Goans, brazenly flout the "law" and eat and serve beef, with a wink from the authorities.
The funny question that comes to mind therefore is why is something as sinful and illegal as beef tolerated on Goa but enforced to the death elsewhere???
Does it imply that the day the beef eating population of Goa deserts the ruling dispensation, this law will be strictly implemented and I and my family could go to the gallows for eating beef??
I would be highly obliged if my family was forewarned before the mob descends on us so that we may hide in the vegetable garden or something.
When the mob comes for you, they come for you.
That's the one lesson we all need to learn till the cows come home.
Blogger's Profile
Dr Oscar Rebelo
Dr Oscar Rebelo is one of the leading social activist of Goa and a practicing doctor. He led the historic peoples' movement in 2006-07 to get the anti-Goa Regional Plan scrapped and save Goa from total destruction of Goa's ecology and natural beauty. He is a Goa-based leader of Aam Aadmi Party. He is also a columnist.
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Previous Comments
What a load of BS. You could have done better!
India is a sovereign democratic country where leaders, ideologies, netas and elections, come and go. Wait for the next one and you guys pet Kangress will be up in power once again!
So take a deep breath and don't bombard us with nuclear expletives. There are plenty of sane people in this country and the world. What happened or is happening on several levels is bad but don't try be a Mukustrodamous or try to connect the dots to paint a ghastly or horror picture.
- Achyut, Margao | 07 th October 2015 18:04
Dear Dr Oscar,
Fascism always means war. War with neighbors. War within the fascist nation, civil war. The first one will come. One can be almost certain about that. Regarding the second I have my doubts.
But of one thing I am pretty sure. Fascism is based on deception. Deception that programs the minds of the people the fascists rule. This programming is always targeted at the ethnic majority. This makes it near impossible to tackle fascism through democratic, constitutional or moral means.
Thank you.
- Mukul, Margao | 07 th October 2015 12:18
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How social networking can work against you #exilepitbull
Oh, Pitbull. How I envy thee. Walmart and Pitbull joined together in a contest to send the artist to an in-store visit at any Walmart in the USA that receives the most Facebook Likes. A few gentlemen at the website Something Awful have rallied fellow internet users to send Pitbull to a Walmart in Kodiak, Alaska. Wow. Just Wow. I bet the marketing department at RCA Records, Sheets Energy Strip, sand Walmart didn't see this coming.
The Walmart in Kodiak, Alaska is the most remote store. The store already has more likes than it's 6,000+ populations. Even though being a remote store, this Walmart is no ordinary Walmart. It has bear repellants on stock. Bear Repellants. On STOCK!!! This is a long way from Miami, Pitbull.


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Infantry Candidate (Army)(Full-Time)As a part of a team of soldiers, you secure your future with a career in the Active Duty Army (Full time), pay for college, guaranteed healthcare with family benefits. You gain leadership skills, college credit, and job-security.This is an entry level position with no experience necessary.Position ResponsibilitiesThe infantry is the main land combat force and backbone of the Army. They are responsible for defending our country against any threat by land, as well as capturing, destroying and repelling enemy ground forces.
Basic Qualifications:
Work locations include all 50 states, Germany, and South Korea.When you are interested in finding out more about this position, please apply now and within 24-48 hours, you will receive an email/text from a recruiter to schedule your interview.Speak to a recruiter today!SFC Barry email@example.com https://www.goarmy.com/info.html?iom=AIF6


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Before I begin any substantive response to my commentators, I want to take a moment to extend my deep gratitude to Michael Huemer, Jim Manzi, and Robert Frank, for taking the time to engage so thoughtfully with my essay. And, of course, I'm very thankful to Jason Kuznicki and the Cato Institute for making this conversation possible. Libertarian intellectuals, and especially libertarian intellectuals affiliated with think tanks, sometimes get accused of spending too much of their time in an intellectual echo chamber. The long history of excellent and ideologically diverse discussions at Cato Unbound in general, and this one in particular, seem to demonstrate pretty clearly that Cato has not succumbed to that vice.
Mike, Jim, and Robert have given me quite a bit to chew on – far too much for me to respond to in a single essay of any reasonable length. Rather than trying to respond to everything at once, which would be impossible, and rather than trying to respond to each essay in turn, which would be tedious, my plan is to organize my responses by topic. In this essay, I will address the issue of work disincentives and work requirements, and in so doing respond to some of the points that Jim and Robert have raised about these issues. In subsequent responses, I will address the feasibility of the Basic Income Guarantee (BIG), Mike Huemer's anarchist challenge, and the relation between a BIG and the libertarian commitment to freedom.
The BIG and Work Disincentives
Jim Manzi argues that a series of experiments conducted between 1968 and 1980 demonstrates convincingly that a Negative Income Tax (or NIT - which I classified in my original essay as one form of BIG, broadly construed) leads to a reduction in the number of hours worked by recipients. Nor, Jim, thinks, should these results be surprising. "It is fairly extraordinary to claim," he writes, "that the government could guarantee every adult in America an income even if they did zero work of any kind, and that somehow this would not reduce work effort."
Both Jim and Robert think that this kind of reduction of work effort is a serious problem for the BIG, though both are a little unclear on exactly why it is a problem. It might be because allowing some lazy (dope-growing, commune-living) individuals to live off the productive efforts of others violates norms of reciprocity that, they think, we as a society have good reason to endorse. But maybe not. Even if we don't have good reason to endorse those norms, or even if those norms don't tell decisively against a BIG, the fact is that most people in our society think they do. And so, as a purely political matter, the fact that a BIG would make people less likely to work is a killer. Even if it's a genuinely good idea, it's simply never going to get the votes.
In what follows, I will challenge this argument at two different levels. First, I will argue that neither economic theory nor the available empirical evidence succeeds in demonstrating that a BIG would lead to a significant reduction in work effort. Second, I will argue that even if a BIG does lead to some reduction in work effort, this would not necessarily be a bad thing. It might be a cost, but a cost that is outweighed by other social benefits. I will also argue that in some cases it is not something we should properly characterize as a cost at all.
What Does Theory Predict? What Does the Evidence Show?
In theory, it seems like it should be obvious that a BIG would reduce work effort. As Jim notes, if you guarantee people an income whether they work or not, it would be fairly extraordinary if people didn't work less.
But this is only half the story. As Ed Dolan has noted elsewhere (and in this very helpful comment on Jim's post here), a basic income actually has two effects on the labor market, and they push in opposite directions in terms of incentives to work. One effect, the income effect, leads people to work less as their wealth increases. But there is also a substitution effect that leads people to work more as their after-tax hourly earnings increase. Relative to our current welfare system, a BIG would create a larger income effect for most people (depending, of course, on the details of the BIG scheme adopted). But a BIG would also create a stronger substitution effect, by decreasing the very high effective marginal tax rates many welfare recipients face under the current system. Whether a BIG causes a decrease in work effort or not depends, in theory, on which of these two effects is stronger.
So what does the evidence show? Well, as Jim notes, the NIT experiments of '68-'80 resulted in an overall decrease in work effort. This much is uncontroversial. What's a little less clear is the magnitude of the decrease, and how we ought to evaluate that decrease from the perspective of public policy. I'll take up the second of those questions in the next section. For now, here are a few important points to bear in mind when trying to answer the first.
- By most accounts (see this paper by Gary Burtless of the Brookings Institution for a good overview), the reduction in work effort was small – about 120 hours less per year for husbands, about 90 less for wives, and about 130 less for single mothers. That's not nothing. But it's about the equivalent of taking a few weeks off from a 40 hour/week job. And that's far smaller an unemployment effect than most economic models had predicted.
- A "reduction in hours worked" is not the same as "more people spending their lives on the dole." Most of the reduction of work effort was not caused by people exiting the work force altogether. What happened, instead, was that periods of unemployment just lasted longer. That might still be a problem. But it might not. I'll have more to say on this in the next section.
- A truly unconditional BIG would reduce work effort less than a NIT. The amount of money you get from an NIT depends on how much you earn by working. The more you earn, the less you get. This keeps the cost of a NIT down, relative to a truly unconditional BIG. But it also means that you lose one of the major benefits of a BIG. Because you keep your entire BIG no matter how much you earn, there's no extra disincentive to work caused by the threat of losing some of your benefit. We should therefore expect work reductions to be smaller under an unconditional BIG than a NIT. But the experiments to which Jim points only tell us about how people responded to the latter, not the former.
- People worked more than they said they did. In the NIT experiments, the size of recipients' benefits was determined by the amount of money they reported earning – to a survey company! This, of course, created a fairly strong incentive to underreport one's income and hours worked. And, indeed, when reported earnings were cross-referenced with more reliable data from the unemployment insurance system, much of the apparent unemployment effect disappeared altogether.
In sum, neither economic theory nor the available empirical evidence make a compelling case for the conclusion that a BIG would cause a significant reduction in work effort.
Is Less Work Necessarily Bad?
Jim Manzi thinks that the work disincentives associated with a BIG are a good reason to reject it – or, at least, a good reason to believe that it is unlikely to gain much favor with the American public. Robert Frank agrees, and advocates a system in which the government serves as an employer of last resort as an alternative to both a pure BIG and the current welfare system.
Are they right? Suppose that a BIG really did cause a significant reduction in work effort. Would this necessarily be a bad thing?
It might. Work is important, in the first instance, because and to the extent that work turns less-useful things into more-useful ones. It is important in a secondary way insofar as meaningful work is one of the central components of human well-being. People feel better about themselves when they spend a good portion of their day doing something useful. And, in a market economy, doing something useful usually means making not only oneself better off, but others better off in the process. Such a fantastic coordination of mutual benefit is something to be celebrated. But it is also something to be protected, for it is neither inevitable nor indestructible.
Still, when it comes to employment disincentives, size matters. And we have already seen that, even in the case of conditional grants like those studied in the NIT experiments, unemployment effects are relatively modest in size. Whether those costs are worth bearing, then, depends on the size and nature of the offsetting benefits.
One of the main benefits, of course, is the freedom to do things other than work without being destitute. For some people that will mean the ability to go back to school and improve their employment prospects. For others, it will mean the ability to spend a few more months with their newborn child. For still others, it might simply mean just a bit less pressure to find another job after being laid off, and a bit more leeway to wait for a job that's a better match.
Some people, of course, might simply use the freedom that a BIG gives them to "waste their time" sleeping in and watching television. Brink Lindsey cites some data to this effect, presumably to show that people freed from the necessity of work by a BIG would probably just squander it. But even if we grant (and only for the sake of argument!) that people's lives would not be improved by a little more sleep and relaxation, the data Brink cites don't show what he thinks they show. That data is about what people who are unemployed now do with their time. But it tells us precious little about what the (presumably different) people would do with the extra time made available through a BIG.
Work is a central component of both personal and social well-being. But it is not the only component. And it may well be a component that we, as individuals and as a culture, tend to err on the side of over-valuing. John Maynard Keynes thought so when he wrote over 80 years ago that the real, permanent problem of mankind is "how to use his freedom from pressing economic cares, how to occupy the leisure, which science and compound interest have won him, to live wisely and agreeably and well." And while invoking Keynes might not be the best way to win over the audience of the Cato Institute, a similar sentiment can be found almost fifty years earlier expressed by no less a libertarian hero than Herbert Spencer, who pleaded with his American audience to embrace a new "gospel of relaxation," and to remember that "life is not for learning, nor is life for working, but learning and working are for life."
Like most other issues of social policy, then, the issue of work disincentives involves questions of trade-offs. One cannot criticize a BIG merely by showing that it would create some disincentives to work. One must show that it would create too much – that the moral, economic, and cultural costs of those disincentives would not be sufficiently compensated for by the moral, economic, and cultural benefits. Making this determination necessarily involves us, as Jim points out, in questions of value. But unlike Jim, I do not believe that questions of value are necessarily subjective. Some systems of value exhibit a greater degree of internal coherence than others; some better accord with what we know about human nature and the nature of the world we live in; some yield better explanations of our deeply held moral commitments. In short, we can rationally engage with and evaluate systems of values. Without this kind of rational engagement with questions of value, of ends, all the means-end economic analysis in the world will not get us anywhere on the important questions of public policy.


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Spinach Salad with Strawberries and Basil
Enjoy summer's best from the farmer's market with a spinch salad adorned with fresh basil and strawberries. Serve with Chicken Francese and Egg Tagliatelle.
- 1 shallot
- 2 tablespoons aged balsamic vinegar
- 1 teaspoon superfine sugar
- Juice of 1/2 lemon
- 1 1/2 cups small strawberries
- 2-3 cups fresh spinach leaves
- 1/2 cup fresh basil leaves
- 4-5 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil ( EVOO)
- Salt and freshly ground pepper
Chop the shallot and put it in a small bowl. Add the vinegar, sugar and lemon juice and set aside.
Meanwhile, hull the strawberries and cut them in half. Transfer to a serving bowl along with the spinach and basil.
Whisk the EVOO into the vinegar mixture and season with salt and pepper. Toss the salad with the dressing and season with salt and pepper.


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Today's book prize isn't even released until October! Ms Patty and I heard actress Octavia Spencer (The Help) speak at Book Expo this year where she gave out copies of her new book, Randi Rhodes: Ninja Detective, Case of the Time-Capsule Bandit.
It's suggested for ages 8 & up and an advanced reader copy. If you know me, you know I'm not a fan of most celebrity authors. But we did have a test reader give this one a try and said it's actually pretty good. Plus, Randi just looks cool on the cover.
Leave a comment and be entered to win one of these great giveaways!!!


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Keeping any commercial building in line and up to date with statutory requirements can be difficult for many businesses. At Oracle Managed Services we specialise in helping you manage your building and legal obligations whether owned or rented. We can provide a full risk assessment which upholds your duty as an employer.
Our comprehensive compliance audit will assess and scrutinise your building from top to bottom, whether it be small, medium or large in scale. Upon completion of our survey, we will provide a detailed report. This will highlight what must be completed in order to be legally compliant.
You can contract Oracle for monthly and annual compliance audits.
Compliance Audit
Our audit will cover areas such as:
Please feel free to contact us for details and testimonials from existing clients.


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V-Max Artificial Grass
The V-Max Artificial Grass Turf 5mm Pad product is one of the most versatile options for sports and gym turf that you'll find. This artificial turf has an excellent wear surface for indoor sports applications, such as soccer, CrossFit, and agility.
The blend of nylon and polyethylene is an almost perfect combination when seeking a product with a realistic feel, softness, and durability. The pile height measures 3/4 of an inch, giving it a nice approximation of natural grass. With the 5mm foam backing on this sled turf, it similarly matches the softness of the new generation rubber-filled sports turf products.
The turf product is especially good for agility training. It will give you a consistent performance over time, along with great durability and safety, which is important when involved in agility workouts.
V-Max Gym Turf is available in field green, black, white, red, and blue.
Ferris State University chose V-Max Artificial Turf because they wanted a material that was durable, shock-absorbent, hygienic, and versatile to handle speed and agility training as well as circuit training and yoga.
Other Gym Turf Options
Turf Athletic Padded Floor Roll 6×25 Ft 15 mm is a rubber based artificial grass which offers impact absorption that will keep your athletes feeling fresher after workouts. This gym turf features an extremely durable, textured, mono-filament nylon material with a tight nap that makes it ideal for sled drills and sprint workouts.
Latitude 39 Fitness has this athletic turf installed and states that the turf is perfect for conditioning drills like sled pushes and sprints.
Portable Gym Turf
Gym turf is available in interlocking tiles with Turf Athletic Padded Interlocking Tile. These turf tiles are 15 mm thick with a 3 mm nylon turf layer and 12 mm rubber backing. Each tile is 23×46 inches in size.The interlocking tiles make it very easy to install and uninstall, making it an excellent option for a temporary or portable installation.
When you're seeking versatility in an indoor portable turf, the Gym Turf 365 will give you an amazing level of quality. This turf quickly and easily rolls out and back up for a portable sports turf option. Gym Turf 365 can be used for agility, weight sleds, soccer, baseball and more.
Visit our artificial turf page for all of our current options. Contact our customer service team for any questions you may have about purchasing gym turf.


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Ho Ho Ho
Don't you just love Christmas? This little fellow bring all the joy of the season. Ting-a-ling! Give him a little shake and he has a bell hidden in his hat,
Made to the same high quality as all my dolls this elf will become a part of the rhythm of your year and a familiar face at your family celebrations.
He measures 16-18 cm tall, filled with pure lambswool with a wool pom pom. His body is made from a Marks and Spencers baby sock (how amazing are they?).
Your elf will come in an organza bag with an elf naming certificate from Santa and care instructions.
Your elf will be made to order (allow 1-2 weeks) and you get to choose the skin tone and eye colour - let me know you choices at checkout please. I will send you photographs before posting for your approval.
Your choices are:
Skin tones: fair, peach, beige, light brown, dark brown
Eye colours: brown, blue, green, or black (for brown skintones I highly recommend black eyes as the brown doesn't show up very well and gets lost).
Freckles: yes or no (only recommended for fair and peach skin).
Lead time
Please allow me three weeks to make your elf..


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These are nice, cross-locking, curved tweezers, unlike traditional models the tips on these tweezers will remain closed until squeezed open. They have a nice, rounded tip which allows you to pick up very small parts with precision. This is a great tool to have if you're working with surface mount components or anything with very small parts. The ESD-safe coating will also help prevent electro-static damage to sensitive electronic components.
Whether it's for assembling a kit, hacking an enclosure, or creating your own parts; the DIY skill is all about knowing how to use tools and the techniques associated with them.
Skill Level: Noob - Basic assembly is required. You may need to provide your own basic tools like a screwdriver, hammer or scissors. Power tools or custom parts are not required. Instructions will be included and easy to follow. Sewing may be required, but only with included patterns.
See all skill levels
We welcome your comments and suggestions below. However, if you are looking for solutions to technical questions please see our Technical Assistance page.
Based on 1 ratings:
1 of 1 found this helpful:
These tweezers look great in the product photo, but the ones I got had a fairly large, blunt tip, and required a file to make them close properly. Just trying to pick up SMD buttons was hard, and they kept on popping out of the tweezers. In addition, the ESD-safe coating was chipped, so I wouldn't think they are completely ESD safe. That being said, they are pretty cheap, so I guess they aren't a bad value.


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Charity first took us through the pain of being a CEO and explained us why she chose to focus on tech again after a while. She then explained how she felt into code instrumentalisation during her time at Parse and how this became her idea for Honeycomb.io. We then went back to her early years, how she felt into IT, SysAdministration and ended up working in the Silicon Valley. We talked about mentorship, learning and sharing. We dwelved on the public speaking skills as a leadership skill before talking about the private meetups that Charity organises. Finally, we talked about the technical-leader role and the necessity to move back and forth from management to tech to hone both skills and bring the two worlds together.
Charity Majors is an ops engineer and accidental CEO at honeycomb.io. Before this she worked at Parse, Facebook, Linden Lab on operations and developer tools... and she always seems to wind up running the databases. Co-author of O'Reilly's 'database reliability engineering' book, she loves free speech, free software and single malt scotch.
Here are the links of the show:
Your host
Software Developer's Journey is hosted and produced by Timothée (Tim) Bourguignon, a crazy frenchman living in Germany who dedicated his life to helping others learn & grow. More about him at timbourguignon.fr.
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Do you know anyone who should be on the podcast? Do you want to be next? Drop me a line: firstname.lastname@example.com or via Twitter @timothep.
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Please do me and your fellow listeners a favor by spreading the good word about this podcast. And please leave a rating (excellent of course) on the major podcasting platforms, this is the best way to increase the visibility of the podcast:


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Hunter Uses A Huge 50 Caliber Air Rifle & A Jumbo Pellet To Kill A Boar!
Big Bore 50 caliber air rifle hunt for hogs just north of Houston, Texas. Posted By Ghost
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


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Serene, Still, Blue, Clear, Peaceful, Sea, Calm, Sky , Fair, Tranquil , Poise, Sheer, Flight , Cloudless
DIY head chain, dress- Market , Jessica Simpson Dany shoes
Ashley x
You're so gorgeous. Love your description.ReplyDelete
love your shoesReplyDelete
the head chain suits you so good!!ReplyDelete
Stunning *.*ReplyDelete
Fab photos chicken, I need a holiday xoxoReplyDelete
you look stunning in this dress. these look like shots from bazaar or something xoReplyDelete
I love the effortless vibe of this look. You look so pretty. Your backdrop is also very gorgeous.ReplyDelete
Gorgeous , you look so beautiful , and ure riings are just amazing :D <3
Bisou :x
Doudinou <3
Nice dress!
Beautiful photos!! I love the dress..you look lovely.
Wow!! You Looks Stunning in these adorable Pictures!! Lovely Dress with unique and elegant color!!ReplyDelete


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Sleep (non-human)
Sleep in non-human animals refers to how the behavioral and physiological state of sleep, mainly characterized by reversible unconsciousness, non-responsiveness to external stimuli, and motor passivity, appears in different categories of animals.
Rats kept from sleeping die within a couple of weeks,[1] but the exact function of sleep is still unknown.
- 1 Definition
- 2 Sleep in different species
- 3 Unihemispheric sleep
- 4 Sleep in hibernating animals
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Sleep can follow a physiological or behavioral definition. In the physiological sense, sleep is a state characterized by reversible unconsciousness, special brainwave patterns, sporadic eye movement, loss of muscle tone (possibly with some exceptions; see below regarding the sleep of birds and of aquatic mammals), and a compensatory increase following deprivation of the state.[2] In the behavioral sense, sleep is characterized by non-responsiveness to external stimuli, the adoption of a typical posture, and the occupation of a sheltered site, all of which is usually repeated on a 24-hour basis.[3] The physiological definition applies well to birds and mammals, but in other animals (whose brain is not as complex), the behavioral definition is more often used. In very simple animals, behavioral definitions of sleep are the only ones possible, and even then the behavioral repertoire of the animal may not be extensive enough to allow distinction between sleep and wakefulness.[4]
Sleep in different species
Ethology and parts of the day
Sleep in invertebrates
Sleep as a phenomenon appears to have very old evolutionary roots. The nematode C. elegans is the most primitive organism in which sleep-like states have been observed. Here, a lethargus phase occurs in short periods preceding each moult, a fact which may indicate that sleep primitively is connected to developmental processes. Raizen et al.'s results[5] furthermore suggest that sleep is necessary for changes in the neural system.
The electrophysiological study of sleep in small invertebrates is complicated. However, even such simple animals as fruit flies appear to sleep, and systematic disturbance of that state leads to cognitive disabilities.[6] There are several methods of measuring cognitive functions in fruit flies. A common method is to let the flies choose whether they want to fly through a tunnel that leads to a light source, or through a dark tunnel. Normally, flies are attracted to light. But if sugar is placed in the end of the dark tunnel, and something the flies dislike is placed in the end of the light tunnel, the flies will eventually learn to fly towards darkness rather than light. Flies deprived of sleep require a longer time to learn this and also forget it more quickly. If an arthropod is experimentally kept awake longer than it is used to, then its coming rest period will be prolonged. In cockroaches that rest period is characterized by the antennae being folded down and by a decreased sensitivity to external stimuli.[7] Sleep has been described in crayfish, too, characterized by passivity and increased thresholds for sensory stimuli as well as changes in the EEG pattern, markedly differing from the patterns found in crayfish when they are awake.[8]
Sleep in fishes and reptiles
Sleep in fishes is not extensively studied.[9] Some species that always live in shoals or that swim continuously (because of a need for ram ventilation of the gills, for example) are suspected never to sleep.[10] There is also doubt about certain blind species that live in caves.[11] Other fishes seem to sleep, however. For example, zebrafish,[12] tilapia,[13] tench,[14] brown bullhead,[15] and swell shark[16] become motionless and unresponsive at night (or by day, in the case of the swell shark); Spanish hogfish and blue-headed wrasse can even be lifted by hand all the way to the surface without evoking a response.[17] A 1961 observational study of approximately 200 species in European public aquaria reported many cases of apparent sleep.[18] On the other hand, sleep patterns are easily disrupted and may even disappear during periods of migration, spawning, and parental care.[19]
Reptiles have been subjected to electrophysiological studies of sleep. That is to say that electrical activity in the brain has been registered when the animals have been asleep. However, the EEG pattern in reptilian sleep differs from what is seen in mammals and other animals.[4] In reptiles, sleep time increases following sleep deprivation, and stronger stimuli are needed to awaken the animals when they have been deprived of sleep as compared to when they have slept normally. This suggests that the sleep which follows deprivation is compensatorily deeper.[20]
Sleep in birds
There are significant similarities between sleep in birds and sleep in mammals,[21] which is one of the reasons for the idea that sleep in higher animals with its division into REM and NREM sleep has evolved together with warm-bloodedness.[22] Birds compensate for sleep loss in a manner similar to mammals, by deeper or more intense SWS (slow-wave sleep).[23]
Birds have both REM and NREM sleep, and the EEG patterns of both have similarities to those of mammals. Different birds sleep different amounts, but the associations seen in mammals between sleep and variables such as body mass, brain mass, relative brain mass, basal metabolism and other factors (see below) are not found in birds. The only clear explanatory factor for the variations in sleep amounts for birds of different species is that birds who sleep in environments where they are exposed to predators have less deep sleep than birds sleeping in more protected environments.[24]
A peculiarity that birds share with aquatic mammals, and possibly also with certain species of lizards (opinions differ about that last point), is the ability for unihemispheric sleep. That is the ability to sleep with one cerebral hemisphere at a time, while the other hemisphere is awake.[25] When only one hemisphere is sleeping, only the contralateral eye will be shut; that is, when the right hemisphere is asleep the left eye will be shut, and vice versa.[26] The distribution of sleep between the two hemispheres and the amount of unihemispheric sleep are determined both by which part of the brain has been the most active during the previous period of wake[27]—that part will sleep the deepest—and it is also determined by the risk of attacks from predators. Ducks near the perimeter of the flock are likely to be the ones that first will detect predator attacks. These ducks have significantly more unihemispheric sleep than those who sleep in the middle of the flock, and they react to threatening stimuli seen by the open eye.[28]
Opinions partly differ about sleep in migratory birds. The controversy is mainly about whether they can sleep while flying or not. Theoretically, certain types of sleep could be possible while flying, but technical difficulties preclude the recording of brain activity in birds while they are flying.
Sleep in mammals
Sleep duration
Different animals sleep different amounts. Some animals, such as bats, sleep 18–20 hours per day, while others, including giraffes, sleep only 3–4 hours per day. There can be big differences even between closely related species. There can also be differences between laboratory and field studies: for example, researchers in 1983 reported that captive sloths slept nearly 16 hours a day, but in 2008, when miniature neurophysiological recorders were developed that could be affixed to wild animals, sloths in nature were found to sleep only 9.6 hours a day.[29]
As for birds, the main rule for mammals (with certain exceptions, see below) is that they have two essentially different stages of sleep: REM and NREM sleep (see above). An animal's feeding habits are associated with its sleep length. The daily need for sleep is highest in carnivores, lower in omnivores and lowest in herbivores. Humans do not sleep unusually much or unusually little compared to other animals, but we sleep less than many other omnivores.[30] Many herbivores, like Ruminantia (such as cattle), spend much of their wake time in a state of drowsiness, which perhaps could partly explain their relatively low need for sleep. In herbivores, a direct correlation is apparent between body mass and sleep length; big animals sleep more than smaller ones. This correlation is thought to explain about 25% of the difference in sleep amount between different animals.[30] Also, the length of a particular sleep cycle is associated with the size of the animal; on average, bigger animals will have sleep cycles of longer durations than smaller animals. Sleep amount is also coupled to factors like basal metabolism, brain mass and relative brain mass.
Mammals born with well-developed regulatory systems, such as the horse and giraffe, tend to have less REM sleep than the species which are less developed at birth, such as cats and rats.[31] This appears to echo the greater need for REM sleep among newborns than among adults in most mammal species.
Comparative average sleep periods for various mammals in captivity over 24 hours have been given as: horses - 2.9 hours; elephants - 3 plus; cows - 4.0; giraffes - 4.5 hours; humans - 8.0; rabbits - 8.4; chimpanzees - 9.7; Red foxes - 9.8; dogs - 10.1; House mice - 12.5; cats - 12.5; lions - 13.5; platypuses - 14; chipmunks - 15; Giant armadillos - 18.1; and Little brown bats - 19.9 hours. Reasons given for the wide variations include the fact that mammals "that nap in hiding, like bats or rodents tend to have longer, deeper snoozes than those on constant alert." Lions, which have little fear of predators also have relatively long sleep periods, while elephants have to eat most of the time to support their huge bodies. Little brown bats conserve their energy except for the few hours each night when their insect prey are available and platypuses eat a high energy crustacean diet and, therefore, probably don't need to spend as much time awake as many other mammals.[32]
Sleep in monotremes
Since monotremes, egg-laying mammals, are considered to represent one of the evolutionarily oldest groups of mammals - they have been subject to special interest in the study of mammalian sleep. As early studies of these animals could not find clear evidence for REM sleep, it was initially assumed that such sleep did not exist in monotremes but developed after the monotremes left the rest of the mammals and became a separate, distinct group. However, EEG registrations of the brain stem in monotremes show a firing pattern that is quite similar to the patterns seen in REM sleep in higher mammals.[33][34] In fact, the largest amount of REM sleep known in any animal is found in the platypus.[35] The average sleep time in a 24-hour period of a platypus is said to be as long as 14 hours. "Why? Maybe because just a little crustacean meal packs a huge caloric punch."[32]
Sleep in aquatic mammals
Among others, seals and whales belong to the aquatic mammals. Seals are grouped in earless seals and eared seals, which have solved the problem of sleeping in water differently. Eared seals, like whales, show unihemispheric sleep. The sleeping half of the brain does not awaken when they surface to breathe. When one half of a seal's brain shows slow-wave sleep, the flippers and whiskers on its opposite side are immobile. While in the water, these seals have almost no REM sleep and may go a week or two without it. As soon as they move onto land they switch to bilateral REM sleep and NREM sleep comparable to land mammals, surprising researchers with their lack of "recovery sleep" after missing so much REM.
Earless seals sleep bihemispherically like most mammals, under water, hanging at the water surface or on land. They hold their breath while sleeping under water, and wake up regularly to surface and breathe. They can also hang with their nostrils above water and in that position have REM sleep, but they do not have REM sleep underwater.
REM sleep has been observed in the pilot whale, a species of dolphin.[36] Whales do not seem to have REM sleep, nor do they seem to have any problems because of this. One reason REM sleep might be difficult in marine settings is the fact that REM sleep causes muscular atony; that is to say, a functional paralysis of skeletal muscles that can be difficult to combine with the need to breathe regularly.[30][37]
Unihemispheric sleepMain article: Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep
Unihemispheric sleep refers to sleeping with only a single cerebral hemisphere. The phenomenon has been observed in birds and aquatic mammals, as well as in several reptilian species (the latter being disputed: many reptiles behave in a way which could be construed as unihemispheric sleeping, but EEG studies have given contradictory results). Reasons for the development of unihemispheric sleep are likely that it enables the sleeping animal to receive stimuli - threats, for instance - from its environment, and that it enables the animal to fly or periodically surface to breathe when immersed in water. Only NREM sleep exists unihemispherically, and there seems to exist a continuum in unihemispheric sleep regarding the differences in the hemispheres: in animals exhibiting unihemispheric sleep, conditions range from one hemisphere being in deep sleep with the other hemisphere being awake to one hemisphere sleeping lightly with the other hemisphere being awake. If one hemisphere is selectively deprived of sleep in an animal exhibiting unihemispheric sleep (one hemisphere is allowed to sleep freely but the other is awoken whenever it falls asleep), the amount of deep sleep will selectively increase in the hemisphere that was deprived of sleep when both hemispheres are allowed to sleep freely.
The neurobiological background for unihemispheric sleep is still unclear. In experiments on cats, where the connection between the left and the right halves of the brain stem is severed, the brain hemispheres show a desynchronized EEG where the two hemispheres can sleep independently of each other.[38] In these cats, the state where one hemisphere slept NREM and the other was awake, as well as one hemisphere sleeping NREM with the other state sleeping REM were observed. Interestingly, the cats were never seen to sleep REM sleep with one hemisphere while the other hemisphere was awake. This is in accordance with the fact that REM sleep, as far as is currently known, does not occur unihemispherically.
Sleep in hibernating animalsTorpor · Hibernation (Hibernaculum · HIT)Aestivation · Cryptobiosis · BrumationCritical thermal maximum · Sleep (non-human)
Animals that hibernate are in a state of torpor, differing from sleep. Hibernation markedly reduces the need for sleep, but does not remove it. Hibernating animals end their hibernation a couple of times during the winter so that they can sleep.[39]
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External links
- Sleep in fishes
- Article originally translated from the Swedish Wikipedia article Sömn hos djur in December 2007
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As a guy with the life-long dream of driving the Oscar Meyer wienermobile, I can scarcely imagine a cooler honor than having an ice cream truck/van covered with my characters (and also supporting libraries, encouraging literacy, blah blah blah). This is a lot better than that Time magazine "100 Most Influential People" thing.
I just wonder: if Jeff actually went to one of the stops, would they give him a freebie?
* * *
Two things a couple of people have asked about lately:
1. I decided not to go to the San Diego Comic-Con this year. No big reason, just a combination of time/money/hassle plus not really feeling like I had a good reason to be there. I love the event, and the people there have been very good to me, but it's also a business meeting as much as a vacation and I didn't think I had a worthwhile amount of business to conduct. I will miss seeing some friends I only get to see there once a year, although I hear some of them aren't attending, either. It's like Yogi Berra said about a once-favorite restaurant: it's so crowded that nobody goes there anymore.
2. I am working on a new cartooning project, something I've had tumbling around in my brain a few months now. I know the plot and am working on character designs: I've got three main characters and think I've got the look of one of them down, one of them close, and one I haven't figured out at all. I don't know if it's a book--it's just a nice little story that may not be "big" enough for print. Maybe it's a webcomic. Maybe nothing at all, I dunno. I do find that when I have an idea stuck in my head like this, pretty much the only way to move on is to do it and get it out of the way. We'll see.