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Thursday, December 29, 2005
What every business owner needs to know about terrorism.
These issues and other relating to criminal justice and terrorism are discussed regularly at the Criminal Justice Forum.
Homeland Security Advisory System
Homeland Security Advisory Recommendations for Business
Preparing Makes Business Sense
Plan to Stay in Business
Emergency Management Guide For Business & Industry
Open for Business A Disaster Planning Tool Kit for the Small Business Owner
Business Continuity: A Practical Approach for Emergency Preparedness, Crisis Management and Disaster Recovery
Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases
Chemical Agents: Facts About Sheltering in Place
Guidance for Protecting Building Environments from Airborne Chemical, Biological or Radiological Attacks
Chemical Agents: Facts About Evacuation
Frequently Asked Questions about the Risks of Bioterrorism and Possible Defenses Against it
FBI Advisory Suspicious Packages
How to Recognize and Handle a Suspicious Package or Envelope
Guidance on Initial Responses to a Suspicious Letter/Container with a Potential Biological Threat
Personal Workplace Disaster Supplies Kit
Your Family Disaster Plan
Are You Ready? An In-depth Guide to Citizen Preparedness
Homeland Security Advisory Recommendation for Families
Helping Young People Deal With Terrorism and Other Tragic Events
Terrorism: Coping Strategies for Children and Adults
FEMA for Kids
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Dirty Bombs
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About a Radiation Emergency
Guidance for Protecting Building Environments from Airborne Chemical, Biological or Radiological Attacks
What We Learn About Radiation Threats from MoviesFact or Fiction
Sheltering in Place during a Radiation Emergency
Cyber Security Tips
Top Ten Cyber Security Tips for Teens, Teachers and Families
How the FBI Investigates Computer Crime
A Brief Introduction to Cyber Security for Business
Disaster Resource Guide
Government Technology Homeland Security
The Emergency Email and Wireless Network
Community Emergency Response Teams
Curriculum for Community-based Pre-Disaster Mitigation
Citizens' Preparedness Guide
Volunteers in Police Service
Recognizing Terrorist Activity
Terrorism Awareness and Prevention
Preparing your Business for the Unthinkable
Worksite Risk Assessment
Emergency Preparedness and Response
FBI Most Wanted: Photos and Submit a Tip
Submit a Terrorist Tip
Report threats and crimes to Customs
Report threats to public health
Report a threat involving a nuclear facility or radioactive materials
About the Author
Lieutenant Raymond E. Foster retired from the Los Angeles Police Department after 24 years of service. He is the author of "Police Technology (Prentice Hall, July 2004) and number articles on technology, leadership, terrorism and policing. Raymond is a part-time lecture at California State University, Fullerton and a part-time faculty advisor at the Union Institute and University. He has three current book projects. They are on terrorism, policing and leadership.
Raymond's complete CV can be viewed at Criminal Justice Profile and he can be reached by email at mailto:email@example.com or on the Criminal Justice Online Forum.
What is Criminal Justice?
Understanding or defining a field improves research, study, learning and participation. Let's pull apart the phrase "criminal justice" as see if we can figure out exactly what the field is.
What is a crime?
"a crime is an act committed or omitted in violation of a law commanding it or forbidding it, to which is annexed upon conviction one of the following punishments: death, imprisonment, fine, removal from office or disqualification to hold any office."
My students will know that I give that definition off the top of my head. The definition of crime was something I was made to memorize early in the police academy. For a police officer, it is important to understand that a crime constitutes an act against a statute. No act no crime – "You can't go to jail for what you're thinking." Also, no statue, no crime. There must be both an act and a statute. A dirty little secrete is that sometimes our legislative bodies pass acts without penalty. So, no act or no statute or no penalty equals no crime.
While this is not about immigration, look at section 834b of the California Penal Code. This is a good example of a statute which requires people to do something, but has no penalty attached for non-compliance. While there is a statute that commands local officials to cooperate with federal officials, absent a penalty non-compliance is not a crime.
Some laws aren't crimes
SECTION 834b
834b. (a) Every law enforcement agency in California shall fully cooperate with the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service regarding any person who is arrested if he or she is suspected of being present in the United States in violation of federal immigration laws.
(b) With respect to any such person who is arrested, and suspected of being present in the United States in violation of federal immigration laws, every law enforcement agency shall do the following:
(1) Attempt to verify the legal status of such person as a citizen of the United States, an alien lawfully admitted as a permanent resident, an alien lawfully admitted for a temporary period of time or as an alien who is present in the United States in violation of immigration laws. The verification process may include, but shall not be limited to, questioning the person regarding his or her date and place of birth, and entry into the United States, and demanding documentation to indicate his or her legal status.
(2) Notify the person of his or her apparent status as an alien who is present in the United States in violation of federal immigration laws and inform him or her that, apart from any criminal justice proceedings, he or she must either obtain legal status or leave the United States. (3) Notify the Attorney General of California and the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service of the apparent illegal status and provide any additional information that may be requested by any other public entity.
(c) Any legislative, administrative, or other action by a city, county, or other legally authorized local governmental entity with jurisdictional boundaries, or by a law enforcement agency, to prevent or limit the cooperation required by subdivision (a) is expressly prohibited.
Process not outcome
The criminal justice system deals with crime. Acts for which there is a statute and a penalty. Now onto justice. In the context of our American system, the word justice is not about outcome it is about process. If you replace justice with fairness you get a better idea of what the system is trying to accomplish. The Criminal Fairness System is interested in protecting and balancing the Rights, both Constitutional and procedural, of the persons involved. Criminal Justice (or fairness) is about the system, the process, about what goes on. It is not the outcomes or what happens.
Consider that both Stanley Williams and OJ Simpson were tried for murder. Both were likely guilty, yet one was put to death and the other set free. These are very lopsided outcomes. Arguments about penalty aside, the question is – did they receive justice? Did the system act properly, balancing the Rights of all parties?
Generally, there are four parts to the Criminal Justice System – enforcement, adjudication, courts and corrections. Enforcement is the police who investigate and arrest. Adjudication is the prosecutors and the defense attorneys who argue the case (and the prosecutors have an additional job of deciding to move the case forward). The courts referee between the two adjudicators and decide (either by judge or jury) who prevails. Finally, corrections implements the punishment as dictated by the court.
Criminal Justice is the study of all four parts of the system and their ability to be just (or, fair) as they process someone accused of a crime. In this system, the victim, like the offender has Rights, also. It is the job of the Criminal Justice System to balance all rights. Generally, the prosecutor is the voice for the victim. If you look at OJ Simpson and ask – "At what point(s) did the system fail to balance the Rights of all parties?" You can see places were the Criminal Justice System probably failed. If the system fails to protect someone's rights during the process the system and likely the conclusion is unfair. There is a lack of justice when the Criminal Justice System fails as a process.
Help develop the discussion on criminal justice by posting a reply on the criminal justice forum.
Wednesday, December 28, 2005
Retired Sergeant Middleton's Book Available at LAPD Authors
LAPDAuthors.com announced the addition of Michael L. Middleton, a retired Los Angeles Police Department Sergeant's book "Medal of Valor Firefighters." According to Harold Schaitberger, General President, International Association of Firefighters, "The firefighters profiled in [Medal of Valor Firefighters] are all heroes, although most of them would never describe themselves that way. They know, as I do, that every firefighter across this great nation of ours is a hero whose story remains untold."
The back cover the Middleton's book notes, "Since September 11, 2001, the nation's firefighters have been lauded for their courage and selflessness, yet many of their tales remain untold. Medal of Valor Firefighters recounts numerous stories of grace under fire in the words of decorated heroes themselves."
The book includes true stories such as:
- San Francisco: Beneath a house toppled by the earthquake of 1989, firefighter Gerald Shannon uses a chainsaw to cut his way through a maze of burning rubble and volatile gas lines to rescue a trapped woman.
- Brooklyn: With his faceplate melting and helmet blistering, Captain John Pritchard finds a child in a burning bedroom and grasps her plastic crib--which melts at his touch and cascades down around his arm.
- Atlanta: Dangling under a helicopter on a one-inch nylon rope, firefighter Matthew Moseley performs a daring rescue of a man stranded 225 feet above a burning mill on a crane so hot it has melted the soles of his shoes.
Lieutenant Raymond E. Foster, LAPD (ret.), MPA, the CEO of Criminal Justice Online noted, "Sergeant Middleton's served the Los Angeles Police Department for over 21 years." Middleton's first book, "Cop: A True Story" is also available at LAPDauthors.com
Sunday, December 25, 2005
High definition surveying gives law enforcement a whole new picture of a crime scene.
Typically, investigators rely on photographic evidence and two-dimensional (2D) drawings as a means to re-evaluate crime scenes. The problem is we live in a three-dimensional (3D) world and it can be difficult to visualize the positional relationships of evidence with 2D tools. What if agents could measure with extreme accuracy thousands of data points per second in a crime scene? What if an agent could capture that information, recall it and create his or her own virtual representation for use during a trial? Through a combination of laser and computer technology, HDS creates a virtual crime scene that gives investigators the ability to manipulate every piece of evidence in that crime scene.
Cloud of Information
Understanding evidence documented on a 2D drawing of a staircase is difficult, said Derry Long of Plowman Craven & Associates (PCA), a land surveying company based in the United Kingdom. If you create a 3D staircase and cut-away, the relevance of evidence is often clear.
Long spent 12 years as a civilian employee of Scotland Yard, where he designed police stations and developed computer modeling. At PCA, he uses high definition surveying (HDS) to reengineer crime scenes down to the sub-millimeter level. Although PCAs focus is working with builders and developers, Long has created the first HDS call-out team in Europe for criminal investigations.
His team, on-call 365 days a year, responds to about 150 incidents each year including 20 major crime scenes in the last year alone. Long has taken high technology from the surveying industry into the arena of crime scene investigations, and he said the chief value of HDS is that it produces evidence, not an interpretation of evidence
Many times, Long responds to a scene weeks after the investigations are concluded at the actual crime scene. His job, then, is to scan the scene and use the photographic documentation and crime scene notes to reengineer the scene. Long recalled a recent homicide wherein it was believed the murder actually occurred in the kitchen, but no one could determine how the body ended up in a hallway. By reengineering the crime scene, investigators were able to examine different points of view and the positional relationships of the evidence. Now it made sense, the investigators were able to see what had happened, said Long.
An HDS scanner can remotely emits millions of eye-safe bursts of laser light over a 360 degree field of view said Tony Grissim, Homeland Security & Law Enforcement Liaison for Leica Geosystems HDS, Inc., based in San Ramon, Calif. The HDS is measuring millions of points, creating a point cloud. The laser light is reflected off objects in the crime scene and back to a digital sensor on the HDS, Grissim explained, and then 3D spatial coordinates of the objects are calculated and stored using algebraic equations.
Think of letting off an old-style insect bomb in your first apartment. Millions of particles create a fog, and the resulting cloud settles on all of the objects in your apartment. With HDS, instead of millions of data particles settling on the objects, those data points are bounced back to the receiver, collected, converted and used to create a virtual image of any location.
An average desktop personal computer can now take the data file and project the location onto your screen. Not only has the scene been preserved exactly, the perspective can be manipulated. For instance, if the crime scene were the front room of an apartment, the 3D image allows the investigator to move around and examine different points of view.
Or perhaps the victim was found seated. An investigator could see and show a jury what the victim might have seen. If witnesses outside said they looked in a living room window, an investigator could zoom around and view what the witnesses could or could not have seen through that window.
Keeping the Scene Clean
A basic concept taught to first responders is securing a crime scene so that the contamination of evidence is minimized. Crime scene contamination can take on many forms. It might be someone leaving additional trace evidence, such as touching an object and leaving their fingerprints, someone inadvertently taking evidence from the scene, perhaps picking up fibers on their shoes, or moving evidence.
The analysis of a scenes evidence helps to tell the story of what happened, and if an item of evidence is moved or disturbed from its resting place the analysis could be faulty. National Crime & Operations Faculty (NCOF) Special Adviser Mark Harrison, MBE., talks about the golden hour, the time after a crime has been committed during which there is a maximum potential for the recovery of forensic evidence. Harrison, an 18-year veteran of British policing is on loan from the Bedfordshire Police to the NCOF, a national organization in the UK that provides special services during complex investigations. He commonly uses HDS technology as a stand off device: the HDS technology allows him to approach the scene in stages, scanning from the outer perimeter and moving into the heart of the scene.
The laser doesn't care if its day or night, Harrison said. It captures the information and allows me to interrogate the crime scene with my laptop before it has been disturbed.
In the past, the method of preserving information about the evidence was photographic documentation and 2D drawings. Later, not only could someone testify to the recovery of the evidence, they might also provide expert interpretation. Drawings and photographs assist investigators in the investigation and ultimately assist prosecutors in telling the story to a jury.
In many cases, Harrison said, the value of evidence is in its positional relationship. It could be blood splatters, a firearm, shell casings or any other pieces of physical evidence, he said. Investigators often go to elaborate means to reconstruct scenes. Unfortunately, no matter how good your photographer there is always something else an investigator wants to know. Photographs and drawings are helpful, but they are 2D. Moreover, photographs and drawings are the technicians interpretation of the scene. Long and Harrison agree that observer bias always creeps into the photography and crime-scene drawing. If an HDS device is used at the scene, detectives, prosecutors and juries can return to the scene of the crime in its preserved state.
Matter of Perspective
The investigative and prosecutorial value of virtual crime scenes is evident. Being able to re-visit the scene and demonstrate exactly where evidence was recovered and it relationship to other evidence is stunning. Moreover, being able to show a jury exactly what a witness could have or could not have seen can be very valuable.
Recently, Craig Fries, president and CEO of Precision Simulations, said his company was asked to reengineer an officer-involved shooting in the San Francisco area that had occurred on year earlier. There were more than 40 witnesses to the incident, he said, and the scene itself was approximately 400 feet by 2,000 feet; an entire city block with businesses and apartments. Using HDS technology, Fries scanned the scene, the involved vehicles (at the impound yard) and used photographic evidence to reconstruct a virtual model of the incident that could be examined from almost any point of view.
Once the plaintiff knew what we were able to provide, they dropped the lawsuit, Fries said, adding that HDS technology is beginning to be a tool used by both the defendant and plaintiff. If done well, its very compelling to the jury. HDS works equally well in a large rural area. Harrison recalled a political execution in Ireland wherein the crime scene was a large pasture. HDS technology allowed investigators to document the entire scene in a relatively short period of time and was extraordinarily useful in their investigation.
Long and Harrison also said UK agencies have scanned vehicles, train crashes, river crossings, buildings and planes. From the point-cloud data, investigators in the UK can develop 2D line drawings, 3D models, animations and interactive multimedia packages. The system has training applications. Currently, there are driving, pursuit and use-of-force simulators. Using HDS, police officers could be taken into a virtual world to practice their skills. With HDS, police officers also could be taken back to actual events and debriefed on their own, or other police officers actions.
HDS technology has significant application for tabletop exercise, and in addition to training, the technology has a real-time application in tactical situations. Harrison explained that if there were a hostage situation on an aircraft, a similar aircraft could be used to create a virtual representation of the problem. Within about two minutes you could scan the interior of the second aircraft, upload the data and hand virtual goggles to the tactical team, he said, and with that data, combined with other real-time intelligence, the team could explore the interior of aircraft before taking action.
In the UK, government agencies are beginning to use HDS to document critical infrastructure as a means of furthering emergency planning. It would be valuable for fire, emergency medical or tactical teams to have access to virtual information about a building. Imagine a tactical team being able to virtually visit the inside of a school where children are being held hostage. As with the aircraft scenario, the HDS could produce a virtual school and combined with real-time information could give tactical teams an edge over the hostage-takers.
For this to be effective, though, the HDS scanning of critical structures must take place before the incident. As we go forward in the 21st century, we will likely see this technology take an important role in the criminal investigations, civil liability, training and emergency preparedness.
About the Author
Lieutenant Raymond E. Foster retired from the Los Angeles Police Department after 24 years of service. He is the author of "Police Technology (Prentice Hall, July 2004) and number articles on technology, leadership, terrorism and policing. Raymond is a part-time lecture at California State University, Fullerton and a part-time faculty advisor at the Union Institute and University. He has three current book projects. They are on terrorism, policing and leadership.
Raymond's complete CV can be viewed at Criminal Justice Profile and he can be reached by email at mailto:email@example.com or on the Criminal Justice Online Forum.
Hi Tech Criminal Justice launches online forum
Currently the forum has sections on leadership, terrorism, technology and criminal justice administration. "The key on maintaining quality is moderator expertise and dedication," Foster said. As an example, the moderator on domestic and international security issues is Vic Plessner. Plessner, the host of the Internet radio program Global Issues, has more than 35 years of experience as a Global Security Consultant. When Pablo Escobar, the notorious leader of the Medelin Cartel, escaped from a Colombian Prison, Vic was contracted as an advisor to the Minister of Justice in Colombia, SA, where he designed seven maximum security prisons for housing the leaders of the drug cartels and guerrilla revolutionary groups.
Adding yet another international perspective of the Global War on Terrorism, one of the forum's moderators is Carlos Guillermo Blanco, the Chief Superintendent of the Argentine National Gendarmerie. Another moderator, Rod Helm, of Grant Writing USA, will be moderating in the Criminal Justice Administration forum, specifically assisting with questions concerning grant making and funding. Over the years, Rod has raised millions of dollars in grants, contracts and in-kind contributions for various agencies. As founder of Southern Nevada's first prepared and perishable food rescue program, Rod was acclaimed as one of Nevada's leading social entrepreneurs.
Although new, the forum is building rapidly with contribution in the Terrorism section on Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) like the "Military Guide to Terrorism" and the "Al Qaeda Training Manual for Global Jihad." And, the Leadership section is being populated with information on "Small Unit Leadership" and "General Leadership" information and advice. Foster added, "We are going to keep moving forward with the open source, or open community model, in an effort to generate diverse and interesting material."
Terrorism: Crime or Asymmetrical Warfare?
Sun Tzu, The Art of War.
The definition of a crime dictates our response. For instance, while responding to a robbery-in-progress call you and your partner should be formulating your tactical plans. Indeed, as you receive more information, perhaps from dispatch, other units or air support, you change your plans based on the information. In addition to affecting your tactical plans, the definition of a crime may also change your investigative approach. When investigating a homicide or sexual assault crime, investigators typically begin with the victim. On the other hand, with a property crime, we tend to focus initially on the crime scene. Even our methods of prevention change by the definition of crime. How many times have you heard victims tell you their house was robbed? They don't mean that two men booted the door brandishing handguns. They usually mean that someone jimmied the rear sliding glass door and snuck in while they were away. Of course, we know a robbery didn't occur - a burglary occurred. By properly defining the crime, we can offer the victim some prevention methods.
This series of six articles explores terrorism and the first responder. In this introductory article, we will begin by exploring the definition of terrorism with the expectation that a clearer definition of terrorism, what is a terrorist act, and what is terrorist activity, will make us more effective. By the end of the series, we will have explored a variety of terrorist-related subjects, culminating with a look at how and possibly why terrorism has changed dramatically in the last three decades.
Beginning with the FBI's Definition
Both practitioners and scholars hotly debate the definition of terrorism. Indeed, from certain standpoints "one person's terrorist could be another's freedom fighter[i] ." For some, terrorism is Asymmetrical Warfare, such as, a weaker opponent using unconventional tactics against a stronger, more conventional foe[ii] . In Asymmetrical Warfare terms like Guerilla Fighter, Insurgent or Revolutionary describe those fighting against an established government. On a national policy level, it will be very important to differentiate between national liberation movements and terrorism. As a country, the United States has found ourselves supporting some national liberation movements and at other times, supporting embattled governments. However, several aspects of terrorism and terrorists differentiate them from ordinary revolutionaries and criminals. Furthermore, for domestic law enforcement it may be more important to concentrate on the difference between terrorism and traditional crime. For purposes of this series of articles, we will be exploring and building on the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) definition of domestic terrorism:
"Domestic terrorism refers to activities that involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any state; appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and, occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States[iii] ."
Motive Makes the Difference
A primary part of this definition that separates terrorists from ordinary criminals is motive. For someone to commit a terrorist act his or her motivation must be a social, political or religious cause. The term "religious cause" is added to the definition because there is significant evidence to believe that religious motives are dramatically changing the nature of terrorism. For instance, in his study on mass casualty bombers, Quillen[iv] found "a religious motivation can be identified in not only the majority of cases (47), but also in a majority of the casualties (3,952)[v]. So, a street gang or members of organized crime might terrorize a neighborhood, but since their primary motive is personal gain or perhaps revenge, and not a social, political or religious cause, they are not terrorists.
A Crime is a Crime
The next critical component of the definition is the occurrence of a crime. Holding, espousing and, in some ways, acting on radical political, social or religious beliefs is not a crime. An individual or a group can hold radical political beliefs and express them in a lawful manner. A typical instance might be a lawful demonstration. In later articles, when we look closer at the difference between a terrorist incident and terrorist activity, we will see that some types of lawful activity (for instance, buying on-way airline tickets) can be an indicator of an impending terrorist incident. Instances of lawful activity supporting criminal activity if often found in the investigation of organized crime.
Fear is the Purpose
The third key component of the definition of terrorism is the intention "to intimidate or coerce a civilian population[vi] ." According to Pain, "not any political extremism can be called terrorism but only that one which admits (and really practices) politically motivated violence against a civil population[vii] ." Terrorist commit acts of violence against civilians in order to produce fear. Often, the savage violence and seemingly random selection of victims is what causes the fear. This fear may be similar to the fear created by hate crimes. While burglary traumatizes the victim, generally it does not extend beyond their neighbors and ultimately recedes from everyone's memories. If you are the victim of a burglary, you have options that decrease the likelihood that you will be a victim again. You have some power over the situation. However, "victims of hate/bias crimes are particular sensitive and unsettled because they feel powerless to alter the situation since they cannot change their racial or ethnic status[viii]."
For both terrorist and hate crimes, everyone who is in the victim's group feels similarly unsettled because the random nature of the violence means they have an equal chance of becoming a victim. Consider, for example, that after September 11th, nearly everyone who had flown on a commercial airliner thought to himself or herself about what they would have done, what it would have been like. Nearly everyone who works or visits a high-rise building had similar thoughts. It was not just the devastation and violence with which these acts were committed, but it was also the randomness and the normality of the locations that made us fearful. In other words, victimization was random and solely based on membership in the group being attacked - the United States of America. Anyone of us could have been a victim. As Mylonaki observed, terrorism is "designed to have far-reaching psychological repercussions beyond the immediate victim or target[ix]." Like the victim of a hate crime, we are all in it together.
Looking Ahead
The definition of terrorism could be stated as a crime motivated by political, social or religious beliefs that is designed to cause widespread fear. Implicit in this definition is that the victims are non-combatants and the perpetrators are criminals. For domestic law enforcement, it does not matter if the victim is in uniform or the location a military/government building – a crime is a crime. Moreover, the strength of American law enforcement is its ability to respond to criminal incidents, investigate and bring the suspects to justice.
Using the definition explored in this article, we can begin to look at tactical responses, investigative techniques and prevention. While a crime is a crime, the type and definition of crime and the criminals helps to guide our response as law enforcement professionals. Throughout this series of articles, we will be approaching the subject of terrorism through the lens of this definition in order to aid police officers, detectives and police managers in deterring, investigating and responding to terrorism.
About the Author
Lieutenant Raymond E. Foster retired from the Los Angeles Police Department after 24 years of service. He is the author of "Police Technology (Prentice Hall, July 2004)" and numerous articles on technology, leadership, terrorism and policing. Raymond is a part-time lecture at California State University, Fullerton and a part-time faculty advisor at the Union Institute and University. He has three current book projects. They are on terrorism, policing and leadership.
Raymond's complete CV can be viewed at Criminal Justice Profile and he can be reached by email at mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com.
End Notes
[i] Mylonaki, E. (2002). The manipulation of organised crime by terrorists: legal and factual
perspectives. International Criminal Law Review (2) 213–235.
[ii] Teo Li-Wei, F. (2002). Rethinking western vulnerabilities to asymmetric warfare. Journal of
Singapore Armed Forces. (28)2.
[iii] Terrorism in the Unites States (1999) Counterterrorism Threat Assessment and Warning Unit
Counterterrorism Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation.
[iv] Quillen, C. (2002). A historical analysis of mass casualty bombers. Studies in Conflict and
Terrorism, 25, 279-292.
[v] Quillen reviewed bombings between the end of World War II until the end of 2000. He found that mass casualty bombings (more than 25 deaths) occurred on seventy-six occasions resulting in 5,690 deaths.
[vi] Terrorism, FBI
[vii] Pain, E. (2002). The social nature of extremism and terrorism. Social Sciences, 33(3), 55-69.
[viii] Shusta, R., D. Levine, H. Wong and P. Harris (2005) Multicultural Law Enforcement. Prentice
Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
[ix] Mylonaki, International Criminal Law Review


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Origin of CV Raman Nagar:
CV Raman Nagar was once a small area and had nothing to boast about. However, gone are those days and now it is one of the posh localities located in the eastern part of the city of Bengaluru. It was called Kaggadasapura and consisted of some nearby areas, however later onwards after the assassination of the then Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi in the year 1984, Shri Rajiv Gandhi who was the pilot with Air India took over reigns of the country in the year 1985, came to the city of Bengaluru in order to inaugurate the place known the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) which is a pioneering body to conduct experiments in the field of Defense.
Shri Rajiv Gandhi was impressed with the climate and temperature of this place and was influenced by the thinking of the greatest Nobel Laureate known as Shri Chandra Shekar Venkata Raman (CV Raman) who was the greatest physicist from India and gave the name as CV Raman Nagar.
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DRDO also known as the Defense Research and Development Organization came to existence in the year approx 1985 when Shri Rajiv Gandhi who was an airline pilot came and became the Prime Minister after Smt. Indira Gandhi Assassination came to Bengaluru to inaugurate DRDO and was very excited with the natural beauty of this area and coined the word known as CV Raman Nagar, after the legendary physician who carried out experiments in light known as the Raman Effect. Log on to www.propertykhazana.com to know about CV Raman Nagar.


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Abu Hurairah (RadiyAllahu anhu) had no wife or child in the lifetime of the Prophet (SallAllahu Alaihi Wa Sallam). Living in the Masjid an-Nabawi, he listened to everything that was said, took part in every act of worship, had the Prophet (SallAllahu Alaihi Wa Sallam), as teacher and Imam, and devoted himself to worship, study, and the service of Rasulullah (SallAllahu Alaihi Wa Sallam). The only relative that Abu Hurairah (RadiyAllahu anhu) had was his mother, who was very old. She insisted on following the old Arab faith, but Abu Hurairah (RadiyAllahu anhu) never stopped talking to her about Islam. He was a dutiful son and he continued to love and serve her. But she kept rejecting his call to Islam and Abu Hurairah's (RadiyAllahu anhu) heart was filled with grief.
One day, as he was asking her to believe in Allah (Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala) and His Messenger (SallAllahu Alaihi Wa Sallam), she called the Prophet (SallAllahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) some bad names that hurt Abu Hurairah (RadiyAllahu anhu) deeply. He went weeping to the Prophet (SallAllahu Alaihi Wa Sallam), who asked:
"What makes you cry, my Abu Hirr?"
'I am always calling my mother to Islam and she keeps refusing,' he replied.
'Today, I spoke to her again and she said things to me about you that deeply offended me. 0 Beloved Messenger, please ask Allah to soften her heart!'
The Prophet (SallAllahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) was so moved that he made a Du'a for her right there. What happened next was truly a miracle. As Abu Hurairah (RadiyAllahu anhu) told it, "I went home and found the door half-opened and heard water being poured. When I was about to go in, my mother said, "Stay where you are, Abu Hurairah." She got dressed and told me to come in. I entered and she said,
"I testify that there is no deity but Allah and that Muhammad is His worshipper and messenger.."
Abu Hurairah (RadiyAllahu anhu) returned to the Prophet (SallAllahu Alaihi Wa Sallam), with tears flowing from happiness, just as he had come an hour before crying from sadness. He said, "I bring you good news, 0 Rasulullah. Allah has responded to your Du 'a and guided my mother to Islam…"


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Home Tags Upper caste attacks on Dalits
Tag: Upper caste attacks on Dalits
డబ్బులివ్వకుండా డప్పులు కొట్టేదిలేదన్నందుకే దళితుల్ని కొట్టిచంపబోయారు I Desi Disa News I
భూపాలపల్లిలో దళితులపై దాడి LIKE | COMMENT | SHARE | SUBSCRIBE Subscribe to Desi Disa for more videos: ► Like us on Facebook: ► Visit Our Website: ► Follow us on Twitter: Desi Disa News (DDN) ''Bahul Bahujan Voice" News Channel is a voice of voiceless people of SC, ST, BC, Minority, Women and Poor people of 29 United States Of India - USI. Our DDN ideological basis is Marx, Phule, Ambedkar's thought of Indianised World Outlook. This news channel's main aim is to achieve Social Justice and to establish Social Democracy in Secular, Federal, Sovereign and Socialist India. In other words, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's greatest contribution to the preamble of the Indian Constitution is Our Channel's moto.


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This is a beautiful piece of irrigated land located close to town and yet boasts a quiet rural setting. 1.81 acres is clean leveled irrigated land with some piped irrigation near the gate. There are heirloom apple trees, a pear, wild plums, and raspberries growing here. An additional separately deeded adjacent parcel includes more apples and does need some work. The mobile home is old and in poor condition, with no permanent foundation. It can stay or go and seller will consider negotiating repairs prior to sale. The additional acreage will need a survey and lot line adjustment to determine accurate acreage. It is estimated to be 1.75 - 1.9 acres. Total acreage will be 3.5 to 3.7 acres. This land is partially in the floodplain. Septic and well are registered. Total irrigation, subject to verification by NM State Engineer, nine acre feet. The listing broker is the owner.
The data relating to real estate for sale in this Website comes in part from the Internet Data Exchange ("IDX") program of Santa Fe Association of REALTORS®, Inc. from a copyrighted compilation of listings. Real estate listings held by brokers other than Santa Fe Properties are marked with the IDX Logo. All data in this Website is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed accurate, and should be independently verified. The information provided is for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. All properties are subject to prior sale or withdrawal. All Rights Reserved.


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Brick-and-Mortar stores are struggling with both rival in-stores and online platforms for a better market position. The introduction of Predictive Analytics has raised the level of competition and made the race more troublesome for any industry. And hence, a trivial blunder can cost the closure of any retail business.
The Retail stores must have a fair idea of its objectives before considering in-store analytics. Big data can be confusing, but a clear Business Intelligence strategy enables any organization to get through easily.
We will discuss Retail Analytics Solutions and objectives selection for retailers to explore further.
Conversion Rate and Footfall Data:
Knowing the exact footfall information of any vital store is very crucial. Retail insight will allow the retailer to react and adapt according to the available data in real-time. The analytics thus enable the retailer to understand and predict in-store customer behavior and so can enhance the store performance and widen shopping environment. Retail insight underpins the store for better sales, staff optimization and increased productivity.
Customer Service:
The retailers need to identify the busiest sales hour in their stores to ensure enough staffing to meet the customer demand. This cuts cost, drive high conversion rate and improve the buying experience for the customers.
It is important for the store manager to keep accounts for the peak periods of Break time and after work hours service to boost the conversion rate. Moreover, the staff should undertake operational tasks during their free times.
It is needless to mention a hassle free and interactive shopping journey will bring back your customer over and over in your store.
Category and Space Productivity:
Retail Analytics will provide the retailers with the information of the shop zone, promotion message, seasonal effects, display units in the retail store enjoying the highest sales irrespective of the products. This also includes predictive analytics. Such strategy will easily pinpoint the optimal location inside the store allowing the retailer to push the high margin products over there to enjoy a high ROI.
For example, in a retail store, during the summer holidays, the retailer noticed a high sale in the organic juice. The retailer placed some outdoor games, summer clothes in the dwell time area, and put a promotional offer on summer product. And in few days, the sale rose by 30%. This is how Predictive Analytics work in retail outlets.
Customer Response:
The behavioral insight of retail technology solutions is immensely beneficial for the retailers. Learning the customer journey in the shop highlights product exposure, in-store engagement and navigation route throughout the retail. This can lead to an improved result for the retail owners that drives the shoppers deep into the retail for best exposure and long visits time.
The retail landscape in on a constant change. If the retailers can use the Big Data with Business Intelligence Strategy the store can easily know the customer demographics on the real-time and aim at increasing cash flow ROI.


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Hidden Agenda's
I'm back to work on Hidden Agenda's the third book in the SEAL's series.
This is Kell Krieger's book, you meet him in Dangerous Games. The editor asked for some fairly heavy revisions, so I decided to just rewrite, since the changes she wanted called for a massive plot change.
I'm on a 10,000 word a night deadline. That's about 50 to 60 pages. I managed 100 last night, but its been slower today. Of course, I had to do the post office, etc today and we're still do major cleanup from switching the offices around. So hopefully before I head to bed, I'll at least get close.
The editor previewed the first 10,000 this morning and gave a resounding YES in terms of how well she liked it. So I'm heading on with it.
Keep me in your prayers. With this schedule, I'm going to need them. LOL
And don't forget, Dangerous Games releases February 5, 2006. I'll have an excerpt up soon for it as well, so be sure to keep checking back.
Friday, January 05, 2007
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Select An Industry:
Current methods for syngas production are thermodynamically inefficient. They use high temperature steam throughout the process to avoid coking. This invention allows the use of high temperature steam only in the critical region and low temperature steam downstream of the critical region. The result is a syngas stream with a higher concentration of CO which requires less CO2 recycle due to a minimized water gas shift effect at the lower steam temperature. The benefits are two-fold: less expensive CO2 recycle and less energy required to heat the steam. CO-rich syngas can be used in CO production, Gas to Liquids (GTL) plants, Fisher-Tropsch (FT) plants, and in methanol production. This technology has been modeled and calculations were done to show the reduction in size required for the CO2 recycle loop. It employs known process steps in an innovative fashion to solve the coking issue while saving the user both capital and operating costs.
Reforming with Intermediate Reactant Injection
Air Products is offering this technology for license or sale.
CO-Rich Syngas Production ProcessDownload PDF (94 KB)
If you would prefer to contact us by phone, you can call any of our Air Products locations worldwide by visiting Worldwide Locations & Phone Numbers.
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Hi guys
We have seen girls all over social media who wear a biker or bomber jacket over a jumper with a pair of jeans for a cold-read it with hand gesture- winter day. But that's not reality for us who live in cold parts of Europe, Canada, Asia….some days wearing 3-4 layer is the only way to stay warm. In some cities -14°C is a normal temperature during the winter.
Although we all know that the key to stay warm in Winter is layering, many girls (specially curvy girls like me) are not comfortable with this idea. They think that it would make them look bulky, here are 5 key pieces that I think will help you stay warm without turning to a pile of clothes.
1- Choose the right parka
Parka is an essential piece. It comes in many different shapes, length, materials and prices. Choose one that comes with a belt-or with drawstring around waist, it will show your curves and body-shape . Don't forget to choose one with a hoodie. It's a necessity to protect your face on snowy or windy days.
You can check some of my favorites here, here and here (all on sail).
2-Quilted jacket
A thin quilted jacket is a good investment. You can wear it under a parka or under an oversized coat for more protection. Also it's good on its own with a pair of jeans and your favorite boots. I love this one that I bought a few years back. It's thin yet warm and the color combination is exactly what I like. There are lots of options out there I link some of my favorites down.
3-Thermal clothing
They called thermal underwear too and usually are style of two pieces; top and legging. Top comes in many different style; long or short sleeves, top tanks, high neck……while the leggings can be short or long you can even find thermal thighs. Regardless of the style they are game changers since they are thin and keep you really warm. While you have them on, you can wear almost any outfit on top no matter how cold it is without feeling bulky. Usually the information about the material and how much protection you get are provided on the label so you can easily pick one that suits the climate you are living in. I picked up mine from M&S you can find various options on their site under Thermal category.
4- Tights with fleece lining
These are not as protective as the thermal leggings but they are the next best option which keep your legs warm under skirt or a dress. I don't suggest to wear them underneath tight jeans since they're not as thin as thermal ones. They are easily accessible online or in wide range of stores, they're even available on eBay, amazon and target.
5-Winter boots
From UGG to Aquatalia there are vast range of winter boots so you can easily find one that matches your budget and needs. If possible pick them a half size bigger than your shoe size this will allow you to wear thick winter socks without feeling uncomfortable. You can check the ones I'm wearing here.
The last tip is that instead of carrying a big purse or tote, pick a medium or small bag preferably a cross body bag. The vertical line over your body gives the elusion of taller and slimmer figure.
Wish you all having fun and stay warm during cold Winter days.


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The Smooth Infusion retexturizing system is a whole new way to retexturize hair.
Our services include three techniques that gives guests more options than traditional straightening approaches. It gives guests smooth, frizzless hair that can range from stick-straight to softened curls.
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Price varies depending on desired result and hair type/condition.
Free consultation required for exact pricing.


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House of Maximon
Time Out says
Friendly warning! We're working hard to be accurate. But these are unusual times, so please check that venues remain open.
Is the death theme crazy enough to work, or just plain crazy?
You couldn't accuse House of Maximon of being another predictable bar. It's death and debauchery themed, something they're expressing through a space decorated like a Halloween party in a laser tag zone. Ghoulish neon-lit images of day of the dead chicks, bone chandeliers, and Hollywood hotshots with lasers beaming out of their eye sockets line a room that's as black as sin, and apparently, designed for you to commit your own.
On Time Out's visit our waitress demands we pay up front and then closes us into a booth with a rather knowing look. But you sort of expect that vibe from the guys who brought you east-meets-west Berlin Bar and the slightly sticky Eurotrash. Especially when their advertising has consisted of sneaking branded toilet paper into the loos at other bars.
Maximón is an in-betweener joint. The sort of place you would drop by for a few shots and beers after dumplings, and before you've worked up the courage to hit Charlton's – Melbourne's best and worst karaoke bar. It's like purgatory, with a bar – which of course is the whole idea. And your night may indeed go to hell. It depends on whether you get a pitcher of 'voodoo sangria' (an impossibly sweet, wine-based concoction with a sorbet float) or stick to beers.
Like Eurotrash, there's a student crowd, but the drinks aren't that thrifty. Corona, Dos Equis, and other Mexi-beers will set you back $9 – although you could sit on Tecate cans for $5. Snack wise, there are decent little bruschetta, but we wouldn't repeat offend on the $19 plate of prosciutto. There's nothing wrong with the goods – the cured ham haunch sits resplendent at the end of the bar, but hacked into meaty squares rather than wafer-thin slices, it's not friendly drinking fodder.
Our advice? Pop in for a quick $8 shot of El Jimador tequila, gawk at the glitz, and continue on your merry way.
Lvl 1
16 Corrs Ln
|Nearby stations: Melbourne Central; Parliament
|Opening hours:
|Wed 5pm-midnight; Thu 5pm-1am; Fri 4pm-2am; Sat 7pm-2am; Sun 7pm-midnight


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Mohlke, Garcia-Martinez named Smithies Investigators
The UNC School of Medicine selected professors from the departments of medicine and genetics for the annual award in honor of Oliver Smithies, UNC's first Nobel Prize winner.
July 6, 2016
The UNC School of Medicine selected Karen Mohlke, PhD, professor of genetics, and Victor Garcia-Martinez, PhD, professor of medicine and member of the UNC Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, as Smithies Investigators, an annual award to honor senior faculty members who have made significant research contributions and achieved international recognition for their work. Both are members of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.
The award was established in honor of the research achievements of UNC Nobel Prize Winner Oliver Smithies, DPhil, the Weatherspoon Eminent Distinguished Professor in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. The Smithies Investigators receive $75,000 for research over a five-year term, become members of the Oliver Smithies Society, and will present highlights of their research accomplishments at a special seminar in the fall.
Mohlke is a human geneticist internationally renowned for her work investigating the complex genetics underlying the susceptibility to common health conditions such as type-2 diabetes and obesity, as well as variability in cholesterol levels, blood pressure, body size, weight gain, and early growth. Since establishing her lab in 2004, Mohlke has been an integral investigator in large international groups of researchers analyzing genetic variations throughout the whole genomes of hundreds of thousands of individuals to better understand the complex genetics of human disease.
In addition to examining the primary effects of genes, her lab has pioneered ways to dissect the functional relevance of potential genetic variants and their downstream effects in cells, as well as the interaction of genes and environmental risk factors in the development of diseases.
Mohlke has been recognized through numerous awards, including the Pew Scholar and Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Awards and the Ruth and Phillip Hettlemen Prize for Artistic and Scholarly Achievement. She was selected as a fellow of the National Academy of Science Kavli Frontiers in Science Program and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She is one of a handful of faculty at UNC identified by Reuters as one of the most frequently cited researchers in 2014 and 2015. Mohlke is also acknowledged for her thoughtful mentorship of students and postdoctoral fellows, and is the co-director of the newly established Training Program in Genetic Epidemiology of Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases.
Garcia-Martinez, who holds a joint appointment in the department of microbiology and immunology, was recruited to UNC in 2010. As a world-renowned researcher in the fields of HIV and cancer, he is most recognized for his transformative research development – humanized mouse models, which have been widely used to address fundamental questions in HIV and cancer biology. Referred to as "BLT" (Bone Marrow-Liver-Thymus) humanized mice, they are the first small animal model to recreate the biology of the human HIV infection. These animals are the premier validated mouse model to study HIV infection, transmission, and therapy. His lab has used the model to answer fundamental questions about the virus with important health implications.
Garcia-Martinez has been a key leader for collaborative infectious disease research at UNC, where he has played an integral role in the Collaborative of AIDS Investigators for a Cure, a $50-million NIH grant. He has also been instrumental in the development of the novel UNC-GSK joint venture, Qura Therapeutics/HIV Cure center.
As a minority scientist, he serves as a role model and has worked to expand research opportunities and outreach for Hispanic and other minority scientists at UNC and beyond.
Oliver Smithies, a faculty member at UNC for more than 25 years, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2007. He co-discovered a technique he called "gene-targeting," which allows scientists to study genetic mutations by knocking out specific genes in mice. The method became ubiquitous in basic research labs and opened up a new kind of scientific inquiry into many different diseases.
Each year, Smithies hosts the annual Oliver Smithies Nobel Symposium at the UNC School of Medicine.


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Beef braised with caramelized onions and beer is a staple in my menu repertoire. It is easy to make and it freezes well. Having this in the freezer saved me when some friends on their way home to Utah surprised us with a phone call saying they would like to stop by. Oh course you say yes and than try to figure out what the frack you are going to feed them.
We ran through a few ideas and ended up keeping it simple by pulling this and some rolls out of the freezer. Since it was summer we had a salad from the garden and I whipped up a batch of Ruby Bars and viola we had a nice lunch ready for surprise guests.
This recipe hails from the now defunct Gourmet magazine. I miss Gourmet dearly, loved that magazine so much. It also goes by the unattractive name of Onion Beef on menu's and when we talk about it. Leftovers are used for making French Dip sandwiches. Even if you only have onions leftover freeze them for French Dip jus or to add in gravy.
The onions are the key to this recipe, take the time and let them caramelize. They get all lovely and buttery. We tend to have Corona for beer and that's what I use in this. Use whatever beer you like or if you don't drink beef broth would work too.
Beef Braised with Caramelized Onions and Beer
3 pounds onions, peeled and sliced
1 – 5 pound chuck roast
2 tablespoons olive oil, divided
2 bay leaves
2 – 12 oz bottles of beer
2 tablespoons red wine vinegar.
Sprinkle roast with salt and pepper and than brown beef in 1 tablespoon of the oil. Make sure you brown all the sides. When roast is browned set it on a plate. Add the rest of your oil into pan and make sure you have your burner on low. Add the onions along with the bay leaves and place a lid on your pot. The lid helps the onions sweat so they do not burn. Stir onions occasionally. Once they are nice and brown and smell sweet you know they are done. This step takes time but it is worth it, do not rush the onions. Preheat oven to 350. Put roast back in your pot and add the beer and vinegar. Cook for 3 1/2 hours.


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Sandians Mathew Lave and Joshua Stein ( both in the Photovoltaics and Distributed Systems Dept.) along with Jan Kleissl (University of California–San Diego) published "A Wavelet-Based Variability Model (WVM) for Solar PV Power Plants" in the April 2013 IEEE Transactions issue. (Matthew Lave was a Sandia student intern when this work was being done and will be a new staff member starting at the end of April. This work was part of his Ph.D. thesis.)
Their article presents a wavelet variability model (WVM) for simulating solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant output given a single irradiance point sensor time series using spatio-temporal correlations. Their work simulated the variability reduction (VR) that occurs in upscaling from the single point sensor to the entire PV plant at each time scale, then combined the results with the wavelet transform of the point sensor time series to produce a simulated power plant output.
The WVM is validated against measurements at a 2-MW residential rooftop distributed PV power plant in Ota City, Japan, and at a 48-MW utility-scale power plant in Copper Mountain, Nevada. The WVM simulation matches the actual power output well for all variability time scales, and the WVM compares well against other simulation methods.
Read the article at IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.


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There are two ways to react when you find yourself getting left behind by society. One: you let it pass you by, complaining bitterly the entire time, annoying everyone around you, and isolating yourself to avoid the changes. Or, two: keep and open mind, be willing to continue to interact with the world and be open to the possibility of change. I have said in the past that I have changed my views on many things quite significantly over the past few years for the better (politically, philosophically, socially, religiously, etc), and hope to continue to be open to such adaptation in the future.
Just remember, when you see something like the current distaste for the Confederate flag occurring, you're seeing history begin to unfold. All of humanity's biggest social accomplishments have been met with resistance from the status quo, but through chipping away at little things like this ultimately will make society a better place in the future.
For another current example, just look at the current attitude towards Iran. It's totally reasonable to be cautious about the current deal with them, but I think that they have ultimately made the right decision. If we don't establish communication and dependence, then Iran will continue to be seen as our enemy and will have no reason to listen to us. Furthermore, increasing their peoples' prosperity is a good thing - a contented people are a passive people. It's easy to pull people into extremism when they are in a seemingly unjust situation and have little to hold them back... but if they suddenly find themselves with something to lose, then they're going to be far more reserved. It's going to take a willingness from both sides to change though if this is going to all work out, but we might soon be back to the point where we consider Iran an ally in the Middle East again.
Ultimately, what this refusal to change comes down to is a lack of understanding. People didn't want to abolish slavery because they didn't understand that black people were equally human in God's eyes. People didn't understand that women had the same mental capacity as men. People don't understand how awful we have made life for LGBTQ people, that Palestinians are real people and not just some Calvinistic, savage mass spurred on by divine purpose, that racism still is a reality for minorities... but they seem to be coming around to it finally. Keep your beliefs in humility and be willing to at least consider seemingly outlandish views.
*Or, in a modern extrapolation, you will probably be the homophobic, sexist, Islamophobic grandparent embarrassing everyone with your ignorant outbursts.


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Fate/Extra Last Encore
Inggris: Fate/Extra
Tipe: TV
Episode: 10
Status: Completed
Tanggal Tayang: Jan 27, 2018
Perdana: Winter 2018
Siaran: Sabtu, Jam 22:00 (WIB)
Produser: Aniplex, Marvelous, Notes
Penyedia Lisensi: -
Studio: Shaft
Sumber: Game
Genres: ActionAction, FantasyFantasy, MagicMagic
Durasi: 24 min. per ep.
Rating: R - 17+ (violence & profanity)
Waking up in a strange virtual world with no recollection of the past, Hakuno finds himself forced to fight for survival in a war he does not understand for a prize beyond value; the opportunity to have one's wish granted. With only an enigmatic "Servant" by his side, Hakuno Kishinami will have to face both friends and foes in battles to the death in order to not only gain possession of a mysterious object known as the "Holy Grail," but also to find the answer to the most important question of all: "Who am I?"
(Source: Type-Moon Wikia)
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Topic: Christchurch Cathedral - Earthquake Damage and Beyond
Topic type:
Christchurch Cathedral was the focal point of Cathedral Square in the centre of Christchurch.
The building was designed by the English architect Sir Gilbert Scott. The Cathedral was badly damaged by the earthquake of 22 February 2011.
A decision was made to partially demolish the Cathedral. The deconsecration ceremony took place on 9 November 2011 in front of 200 invited members of the cathedral community.
The Anglican Church has built a transitional 'cardboard cathedral' on the site of St John's Anglican Church in Latimer Square.
The damaged building remains in the Square awaiting its fate.


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This package is available right now for you to download and start watching instantly, and for a fraction of the cost of other option training alternatives, train at your own pace that fits your time schedule
Read the detailed descriptions of the contents below and I think you will agree that this is an outstanding value at the current low price… which will not be at the current low introductory price much longer!
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How to close Positions for Maximum Profit
Complete Technical Analysis Overview
Advanced Techniques and Wealth Building
Bonus – Inside Days Trading System (69-minute video plus report)
Bonus – Extreme Trading (Day Trading Secrets (50-minute video)


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Fort Wayne IN United States 46804
Planning for the Unthinkable
If you have started thinking about what seems to be unthinkable...a time when you may not be able to care for yourself due to the frailty that comes with old age or from an illness such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, stroke, dementia, etc., you've come to the right place. At GracePoint Long Term Care Planning we help you create a plan that will help reduce the consequences to the physical, emotional and financial well-being of those you love that might occur should you find yourself needing care.
Jim Cates, CLTC
Jim Cates is the owner/operator of GracePoint Long Term Care Planning. Jim has earned the prestigious Certified in Long Term Care (CLTC) designation and has been selected as the Dave Ramsey Endorsed Local Provider for Northeastern Indiana.
Jim is the author of Growing Old Without a Plan for Long Term Care is not for Sissies. Here is his explanation of why he wrote the book:
"As people have shared stories with me about their aging loved ones needing care and as I've gone through that experience myself, I've made the following observations:
• Seeing those we love reach a point in their lives where they can no longer take care of themselves is difficult.
• Trying to be their caregiver is even more challenging.
• Coming to the realization that we are no longer able to provide the care that our loved one needs is heartbreaking.
• Not knowing where the money will come from to pay for the needed care is devastating.
As we progressed through these stages with my father, we were blessed to be able to avoid the last one. I wrote this book in an effort to help you make sure that those you love will be able to say the same."
Jim is available to speak to civic clubs, churches, and other organizations on the topics of Long Term Care Planning and Long Term Care Insurance.


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Before I even tackle the more serious events that happened this episode, I need to get this off my chest right away.
Okay this has absolutely NOTHING to do with my shipping preference, I can promise you that right now. Just holy fucking shit. NO.
I swear to god, this fucking proposal is either out of pity, guilt and/or feeling responsible for what had happened last week, but love? Absolutely not. Tell me where and when have we seen him show that he loved her? Actually you know what, I want to hear it from the Haruto x Saki shippers. I want to know how they feel about this because of what specifically had happened last week and how this episode followed it up. I mean come on, you got an unspoken date for crying out loud after all that ordeal Saki had to go through, which leads me to my next point. It felt like Saki just brushed the whole thing aside. I mean… I don't know how to react to that. I don't know what's appropriate, I don't know what's not, so I'm not going to go in depth discussing about it. All I know for certain is that I have mixed feelings about the aftermath and that this is not my shipper opinion, but this is just how I feel about the whole matter.
And honestly, I hope that Saki decline specifically because of the fact it's right after of what had just happened. She absolutely deserves to be loved and cared for- and I'm not saying that Haruto is incapable of doing that, but this just came out of nowhere. In fact, now that I think of it, seeing that the mascot is swooning over the proposal, I am starting to wonder if she had pulled some strings. After all, Haruto is merely her puppet. So it's either Haruto being plain stupid, or the mascot pulling strings again.
Bullshit proposal aside, a new wave of problems came rushing in today. The Dorrisian army laid out an ambush planned by Cain who we're all keeping a close eye on. It turns out that L-Elf wasn't able to predict everything due to the fact Cain knows how to read L-Elf since he was the one who taught him in the first place. So now everything is in chaos since L-Elf is not in the command center since he was with Shouko making sure she wouldn't do anything stupid (and was prepared to kill/injure her if she was going to jeopardize their plan because of her father being held hostage/prepared for execution). All I hope is that Cain will not get his hands on the purple VALVRAVE, but it sure looks like that's how it's going to play out.
Although I have to say, it has been lingering my mind that maybe Shouko might even claim the purple VALVRAVE. It's unlikely (even more so since she has been appointed as the PM), but with her present despair of being unable to do anything and being absolutely powerless- I wouldn't put it past me that she decides to jump into the machine. But then again, the Dorrisian army is attacking the entrance where the VALVRAVES are located to launch, so I have my doubts she would ever make it to that point unless (this just hit me now) L-Elf were to help her as her bodyguard and of course (it would be only be even crazier) turns out that he saw all of this in the future and intends to set her onto the path of piloting a VALVRAVE and all of this is his true plan.
It really sucked to be Shouko this episode since they were to either to sacrifice her father who was going to be executed anyways by the Dorrisian army, or risk losing many lives from their own party as result of not following the plan. However in the end, it didn't matter which path they would have chosen, there are going to be causalities now that the army has successfully rammed themselves into the module to take control (after all this module in particular is like a gold mine with all the prototypes and incomplete skeletons of the VALVRAVES). Yet even so, there's no telling whether they intend to take control of the module since they have this massive drill in place and right now I am getting the feeling they intend to destroy it along with everyone in it.
Finally, we were given a brief example of why Akira is cooped up in her cozy fort. It appears that she isn't comfortable with being around people, social anxiety might be part of it since she can't even tolerate hearing a whole bunch of people on the phone or the idea of going into a major public places. She really flipped out when it happened, so I hope she and Shouko will still be friends. 🙁


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Toner-store.co.uk is dedicated to providing new printers (and printer ink / printer toner), new and used photocopiers (and photocopiers toner), new fax machines (and fax toner / fax ink), duplicators (including Riso and Risograph ink and masters) and maintenance kits for a wide range of manufacturers including Ricoh, Nashuatec, Rex Rotary, Gestetner, Lanier & Riso.
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Please select from our wide range of printers, fax machines, photocopiers, colour copiers, toner, drum units, PCU's, ink, master material and digital copiers / MFD's using the menu on the left, or alternatively from some of our most popular and recently added items as listed below.
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The next update will introduce the Bulwark — a machine that brings War Robots back to the roots in many ways. Many of you already have tried it on the test server… but if you didn't, you probably have a question: what makes Bulwark so special?
Let's take a closer look!
Bulwark's role
All recent robots had some form of innate mobility. The triad of Kumiho-Haechi-Bulgasari introduced Dash, making maneuvering one of the primary skills of any great pilot. Inquisitor-Mercury-Spectre chose stealth + jump combo as their shtick. Pursuer? Infused sneakiness with its own gotta-go-fast attitude. And Hellburner is all about AAAAA-ing into the enemy lines, as fast as possible.
Bulwark has no jumps, dashes nor speed steroids. This is a machine that brings us back to Lancelot's heyday — slow, hulking and near indestructible if you use it wisely. If Haechis and Bulgasaris are lions and cheetahs, Bulwark is a freaking elephant: Apex predators can try hunting it down, but good luck chewing through that skin.
Bulwark's equipment
By pressing the ability, Bulwark switches between two combat modes. In one it is shielded by a regular physical shield similar to Lancelot's (although smaller). In another it activates a special sort of defense — Aegis-class barrier.
Aegis soaks in everything: from rockets and plasma to Ember — and that alone gives you a great edge in close combat. A bunch of Bulwarks can overpower whole squads of Haechis when sent to the right place at the right time.
For fighting Bulwark has two heavy equipment slots. While you can put a couple of Dragoons or Zeuses and play skirmisher-style sniper, a regular Fury or Raijin will do this job better. Bulwarks fortitude is what makes it excellent close combat fighter. Take a couple of, say, Thunders — and go all-in. Exodus, an Orkan-like rocket launcher which is also coming in 3.9, is a great option for Bulwark too.
How to play Bulwark
There is a couple of things to keep in mind. First, Aegis can soak in a lot of fire, but it doesn't regenerate automatically. Managing Bulwark's Aegis is a huge part of its gameplay: it sure endures a lot, but if you don't pay attention to remaining Aegis capacity you risk going defenseless in no time.
To restore Aegis you just turn it off and wait. Doing this, you become vulnerable to rockets and rear attacks. So better hide behind the cover, regenerate — and only then hit back with your full strength.
Another downside of Bulwark you can easily imagine: it is slow. You have to foresee where the fight goes next if you want to be in the middle of it. Otherwise, you'll just be too far to create any meaningful impact.
But once you master your spider senses, Bulwark becomes a strategical powerhouse that disrupts the flow of Dash-waltz, no matter how complex or ruthless it is. Miss old times when "big and slow" meant "dangerous"? Then this is your time to shine once again!


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Get Your Free Audiobook
Learn in Your Car
Non-member price: $19.46
Publisher's Summary
The Learn in Your Car language series is the first system ever designed to teach a language in your car...or anywhere...without a textbook. Simple and effective, you can learn to converse in another language while driving, walking, or doing tasks around the house. And now with Learn in Your Car from audible.com®, you can turn your PC, your Rio, or any mobile device into your own personal language tutor.
Each course is organized the way you learn best - by learning words and phrases - and building these into sentences and clear conversations. Arrange hotel accommodations, order in restaurants, change money, and feel more at home next time you travel!
The Learn in Your Car language series is:
- Easy to use without a textbook
- Prepared by dialect-free professionals
- Available in levels for students of all abilities
- Designed to teach grammar basics through recorded examples
Level 1 offers an introduction to key words, numbers, phrases, sentence structure, and basic grammar.
Level 2 teaches more challenging vocabulary, additional grammar, and targeted sentences designed to generate confidence in your ability to comprehend and converse.
Level 3 presents expanded vocabulary, advanced grammar, and more detailed sentences to extend your conversational skills.
Critic Reviews
"You really do learn the language quickly...Excellent for a traveler." (Robert C. Allen, San Antonio, TX)
"I have tried numerous other language programs...the Learn in Your Car series [is] the most concise and helpful." (Linda Clark-Borre, Northbrook, IL)
What listeners say about Learn in Your Car
Reviews - Please select the tabs below to change the source of reviews.
- Anon
- 29-11-2003
Brushing up
I would never recommend the Learn In Your Car series for learning a language from scratch. I don't buy this idea that adults can learn by "picking up" phrases. Yes, children learn that way, and then adults spend several years correcting children's grammar because they are not coherent.
You simply cannot learn German, a very structured language, by repeating phrases. Nevertheless I'm finding these lessons very useful. I haven't spoken German for 30 years but it's all coming back. So I would highly recommend this series for brushing up a rusty language, or building vocabulary for a language you're currently learning.
I give one star for learning the language and five stars for vocabulary, so I'll compromise with three.
If you want to learn from scratch in your car, I recommend the Pimsleur system.
7 people found this helpful


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"Women and the Wall/The End" is the fourth and final installment in a long-form essay written in response to the election by Devonaire Ortiz. See the first three here: Never, History is a Weapon: The Vote, and History is a Weapon: Slavery Reincarnate/Familiarity.
More than simply building a wall along the border between the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, the president-elect promises to build more walls between every person in this country and their agency. The wall would cost $25 billion. The president-elect's agenda would run up an incalculable toll of suffering for women and the female-bodied.
In a recent interview with 60 Minutes, he promised to appoint a Supreme Court justice who would vote to overturn Roe v. Wade, the landmark case that protects the right to abortion. Aside from the unconscionable coercion to carry a pregnancy to term, this would mean an additional hindrance to socioeconomic mobility for those who would otherwise not complete an unplanned pregnancy and raise a child, a financial burden on the state to care for children who are given up for adoption, and again, incalculable suffering, this time for children who would likely move in and out of foster homes and be raised more so by necessity than by love.
The president-elect is also a symbol and self-described perpetrator of sexual assault. I will not quote him here, for his words are abhorrent, but national outrage ensued the month before the election after a video of him detailing his sexually abusive behavior emerged.
Several weeks later, this man emerged victorious in the race for the White House. He himself is a wall between every person who demands bodily autonomy and having that right respected. The already weak support the law provides for survivors of sexual assault will become even weaker over the next four years, and it is unlikely that policies that will emerge in that time will provide any hope for the years to follow.
There is much that I have not covered here; the current state of Indigenous life within these borders and how the incoming government that fundamentally threatens it would by itself require more space than I can possibly fill.
The racist and inherently classist War on Poverty waged by the right wing would take volumes to unpack. The roots of heteropatriarchy and its intentional restructuring of global society to permit colonialism and imperialism and how all of these things work to buoy the president-elect would, too. I must get there at another time.
For now, it will suffice to know that the fact that white support for the Republican Party in this election mirrors that of ones before it does not disprove the assertion that white supremacy is behind the president-elect's victory. On the contrary, it supports a truth long known by those who identify with personhoods and backgrounds deemed divergent by the powers that be: The Republican party is one of once-covert bigotry, now on full display. The Democratic Party's hands are not clean, either (see: Tough on Crime and Don't Ask Don't Tell circa 1992).
The president-elect is but the figurehead of a millions-strong movement built on white supremacy. Objectively speaking, they pose an undeniable threat to this planet, this country, its people, and those it has historically oppressed here and abroad. They evoke memories of violent and hateful forces of the past.
On the one hand, I wrote this to explain why so many people are angry and afraid so that none can say that they do not understand. On the other, I wrote this as a note of reminder and empowerment.
Know that for every privilege that protects you from the incoming government's agenda, there is someone who lacks it and is therefore fearful—offer them support, fight with them, and fight for them. Your avenues to do so are wider and more numerous: protest, disrupt, organize, and reorganize.
Push back against bigotry when you encounter it, especially if you can do so from a position of privilege against those in similar positions.
I repeat that the constitution's redeeming quality is that it can change; this must be done in favor of full enfranchisement, direct representation in every sector of government, and to repair for and prevent the perpetuation of oppression committed in its name. For every disruptor, there must be 10 people working to reconstruct the fundamentally flawed state to make real the more perfect union that this nation claims to be.
Again: The fundamentally flawed state must be reconstructed.
Apply pressure to power, call city, state, and national legislators. Run for office, theorize, march, fight, write, and work outside of the flawed system, as well. The only thing you should not do is sit in silence. I most certainly will not—I will not allow that half of the country to lay siege to my personhood. Nor should you.
Now and in the future, practice radical love of self and of others. Do not shy away from being unapologetically self-affirming, but take measures to protect yourself as needed.
I am Queer, I am Brown, I am Latino. I will only be more so tomorrow; this is part of my own love and resistance.
Black, Brown, Muslim, Trans, Queer, Disabled, Low-Income, Immigrant, and female-bodied people and those at every intersection therein: Though we feel unique pains, we must give to ourselves and each other the love that others would deny us. Allies, join us in doing so.
Do not be idle—
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It's a whole NEW YEAR 2015! but this was recorded way back in 2014! Travel Back in Time to a few days ago last year where we talked about dog who clean themselves like cats, what goes on in Portland, Jesus & the Matrix, how to keep your socks white, Amish winters and you should have bought it when you saw it at Mardens! Also radio Shack Theatre our friends at Quadcast and so much more!
Subscribe at iTunes and leave us a comment! tell us what you think!


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DIY Form Board Fabric Wall Art Panel Décor
DIY Wall Art with Fabric and Insulation Foam
I've been out of college for a few years, and I'm really over the posters-only decorating scheme. Unfortunately, it seems like even discount home stores sell canned art for $50-$100. Sick of cruising the web for tutorials on wall art and finding things that either required more equipment than I have or don't look like anything I want in my home, I began thinking.
I love sewing, so I always have leftover fabric on hand. I also had some pink insulation foam sitting around. Inspired by what I had on hand, fond memories of stenciling as a child and the desire to own something sort of like an item I'd seen at World Market, minus the price tag, I figured out how to create DIY, customizable wall art for less than 1/10 the price of buying it ready-made.
What you Need to Make Wall Art
- Insulation foam
- Fabric
- A staple gun or stapler
- Stencils
- Craft paint
- Paint brush
How to Make Your Own Wall Art
My foam board was conveniently cut into some nice wall panel sized pieces. If yours is not, use a ruler or yardstick to measure off the panel you would like and cut it out using a utility knife. When cutting foam, I find it is easiest to draw the cutting lines and then hold the ruler along the line to give a surface to cut against.
Next, prepare your fabric. Spread it out on the floor or your work table and position the foam on the fabric's corner so that the fabric sticks out about two inches from the edge of the foam. You will probably need to cut at least two sides of the fabric. Since I used linen, I used a technique called cutting by the thread because it allows you to cut the fabric in a perfectly straight line. If you don't know how to do this, check out my hub on this easy technique. Unless you want your wall art to be wrinkly, I advise you iron the fabric before attaching it.
How to Attach Fabric to Foam Board
Attaching the fabric is fairly easy, You can use a staple gun, an open household stapler, tape, hot glue - you name it. I cannot recommend thumb tacks, though. I tried them just to see if they would work. Because the tack part is so short, they pulled out of the foam almost immediately. Remember that, no matter what you use on the back, even if you end up having to use Duck Tape, no one will see the back of the finished project, so don't stress. What matters is that the fabric on front is as flat and even as possible.
I thought of my foam as a gift and the cloth as wrapping paper. This helped me figure out how to fold the corners. The most important thing is trying to make the fabric lay as smoothly as possible. I actually stapled everything in place and then went back around tightening the fabric down and re-stapling. Just make sure you do not over stress or stretch the fabric.
How to Stencil
After your fabric is attached, but before you even open your paint, look at your stencils and plan your art. Move the stencils around on the fabric, if you need to, to get an idea of how things will look.
When you stencil, it is important to remember several things. First, make sure your stencil is held securely in place. You can use tape or just hold it very firmly, which is what I did. Second, make sure you brush is not dripping with paint. This will make the paint run under the stencil. Third, make sure to tap the brush straight up and down. This makes it less likely that paint will spill out under the edge of the stencil, ruining the design. Also, make sure you lift the stencil off the fabric very carefully so you do not smudge the still wet paint. Last, always wash, or at least wipe off, your stencil as soon as you use it. If you paint a design and then use the stencil again without cleaning it, you may get stray, leftover paint somewhere you don't want it!
How to Use a Stencil
How to Hang Wall Art
I used some cotton twine to hang my new pieces of art. I cut an appropriate length of twine, tied a knot in each end and stapled it in place. Because the panels are so lightweight, you do not need to use drywall screws. I actually hung one of the panels on a thumbtack!
I already owned several of the items I needed, so I spend a total of $8 on this project - and I have enough left over for several more panels. I like them better than most store bought art I've seen recently, and they were a fraction of the cost.
I hope you can put these techniques to use and create your own unique wall art that matches your home and your budget. Stenciling is an amazing way to personalize any space on a budget as stenciling can be done on walls, furniture, art or textiles, like pillow cases.
That makes me so excited! I am going to do three of these with maybe linen fabric and the same stencil...probably brown paint. I hope they turn out as nice as yours! I am hanging them above my couch.
Is that a martha stewart stencil? i think I got the same one for this project...or else it looks very similar!
Really cool idea, never though of doing something like this also looks super easy which is good!
Nice idea - love the bird stencil too!
I'm always looking for cheap decorating ideas. This one is great!
These look great! Great documentation on how to make them too.
That's great! I'm soon gonna try your - Light Bulb Flower Vase :) Loved that idea...will give it a shot for this one too! :)
The color co-ordination with blue looks so good!
This a great idea, easy, saves money at a time when many people don't have any extra, and best of all you can have unique one-of-a-kind art pieces on your walls. Great hub!
This is a wonderful idea! I used to love stenciling fabric. Now I am inspired to pick up the hobby again. I like how thrifty this is. The price of store bought wall décor is outrageous for what you get! Thanks for the inspiration!
Love this! I'm all about DIY.
Wow, what a great idea! I love that first picture, it is quite beautiful. Seems like it would be fun to make, perhaps with the kids. Also, it would seem to be profitable if one could make a few and sell them. Never knew they were so highly priced. Cool article. Voted up, useful, and awesome.
This is so cute. I feel like I keep saying this about all your DIYs, but it's true. You have some really great ideas. I agree about being over the poster decorating scheme. Thanks for the ideas!
Very nice simple craft. Easy way to decorate your house. I always liked doing art work for the house and decorate it nicely.
Another fun idea. I've really got to show these to my daughter.
That is a very awesome, nice looking craft. I never thought about stenciling fabric. I love it. You could sell these easily on Etsy. Well done and sharing!
This is so interesting and looks SUPER fun. I'm going to save this and try it next week, when I've made a pitstop at the closest art store. Voted Up! Interesting. Useful and Shared.
Very cool! It seems pretty easy and won't be costly for me, since I already have most of the tools and materials. I only need to get some stencils and paint, then I'll be good to go!
Natashalh, yes, seeing the price of some art out there can certainly sharpen the mind into finding ways to create it yourself at a fraction of the cost. I thought your stencilled 'prints' looked very effective. Nice hub, voted up, etc.
This is a terrific idea, I'll see about doing this project with my children. Voted up and useful.
Oh yeah. I'm liking your hubs! :D I can't wait to do this!!!
This wall art is great, so unique and different.
This does look beautiful and it is so simple to make. I can see so many options for this art work. What a lovely way to add a touch of art to any room. Thanks for sharing and voted up.
Linen is a fabulous fabric for a project like this. You came up with a great idea and your tutorial will be a help to anyone wanting to start and complete a similar project!
Great hub, I really like what you made! Thanks for sharing it.
pretty cheap & beautiful. Good concept too!!! Only artists can imagine it. Keep on posting these kind of articles...
You always come out with some great ideas. Congrats on your creativity.Thanks for sharing.
Nifty idea that is economical and creative! Thank you!


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* Moved irccmp to libeggdrop * Initial support for 005 numeric
* Updated copyright info for 2003.
Grafted GPL header onto newer files. Storing rcsid in binary files now.
Updated copyright info for 2002
* splitnicks() removed * check_queues() removed * parse_q() removed * purge_kicks() removed
* DEBUG_ASSERT renamed to DEBUG * Assert macro removed, replaced with ANSI assert support * Removed more kludge code
* rfc1459.c cleaned up and renamed to irccmp.c * rfc_casecmp() renamed to irccmp() * rfc_ncasecmp() renamed to ircncmp() * rfc_toupper() renamed to irctoupper() * rfc_tolower() renamed to irctolower() * more match.c cleanups
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