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Article V. – Suffrage
Company business will be decided by members at-large, voting during properly convened meetings. Other than elections for office and for determining an official event schedule, business issues shall be decided by voice, by show of hands, or by non-weighted secret ballot at the discretion of the presiding officer. Except for two-thirds majority that is required for amending these by-laws, all issues will be decided by simple majority vote.
- (a) Voting Rights
Only active duty members in good standing possess the right to vote and to hold office. However, only military personnel may vote concerning military affairs or to hold military office.
- (b) Proxies
The Company will allow the use of proxies, thereby empowering one member to act as an agent on behalf of another member. The proxy is valid only during the meeting for which it is issued.
In order for members to have a voice that is proportional to the level of their individual participation, elections for office and an official event schedule shall be conducted by secret ballot, for which points will be used to weight the elector's choices.
- (a) Ballots
Prior to issuance, each ballot will be certified by the election judge to indicate the number of participation points earned by each respective elector, who may assign all, some, none, or split the points in weighting their choices on the ballot. Elections for each vacant office will be conducted in descending order.
- (b) Points
Members and recruits will earn points for their participation at officially scheduled events. Points shall be accrued annually according to the scale herein provided, but will not be accumulated from one year to the next. Participation is defined as any meaningful contribution of support which aids or assists the Company in fulfilling its mission.
- One point will be earned for participation each day at an officially scheduled event.
2. One bonus point will be added for participation at a business meeting, a fundraising event, a social event, or on consecutive days at an officially scheduled event.
- (c) Offices
Both civil and military elected officials shall hold office during good behavior, but may be impeached and removed from office for violation of these by-laws and/or the special orders.
- Terms of office are for one year, with no term limits.
- Elections for each vacant office will be conducted in descending order.
- (d) Schedule
An event schedule for the calendar year will be elected from those that are nominated for consideration by the Company at large. The numbered order in which an event is placed on an elector's ballot shall act as a multiplier in determining the point value that will be assigned to weight the elector's choice.


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Responding to child neglect
Acting with urgency: responding to child neglect
Neglect is a particularly challenging concept due to difficulties in definition, seemingly moveable thresholds for intervention and uncertainty about when a line has been crossed
Child neglect is the most common and enduring form of maltreatment that has significant negative impacts across their lifespan. As such, it is critical that practitioners have a good understanding of "what works" for children and families experiencing neglect.
Children who experience neglect and their families often receive a lack of appropriate services. This is because neglect may be given lower priority in comparison to other forms of maltreatment and get screened out at various points in the system.
Children who experience neglect have higher re-referral rates, multiple substantiations, lower reunification rates and are more likely to re-enter out of home care if they have been reunified.
Because neglect may occur and reoccur over many years interventions based on other forms of abuse are often ineffective for these families and children who need repeated interventions and long-term support.
Given the differences in neglect types and causes, no one intervention will be effective. It is critical to ensure that interventions respond to the multifaceted nature of neglect without being disjointed.
It is also critical to consider the broader context in which neglect is occurring including inequities due to poverty, class, gender or race. Without factoring in these issues, interventions focussing on the parent and child may be limited in their effectiveness because the underlying factors driving neglect may remain unresolved.
Given the potentially lethal consequences of neglect and its recurrent nature that makes it so destructive to families and children over time, child neglect cases must receive a greater priority in systems... Anything less than unswerving commitment to new policy and practice initiatives for families suffering from child neglect represents an abrogation of social work's responsibility to its most vulnerable clients
Family and Community Services responses to neglect as a primary issue in 2015/2016
Barriers to responding to child neglect
There are number of common barriers to responding to child neglect in practice, as follows:
Difficulty assessing need and impact
The seriousness of child neglect can be underestimated and the consequences of ongoing child neglect can often be minimised. Practitioners may struggle to assess child need in relation to neglect and parenting challenges. In addition, it is difficult to assess the impact of being neglected on long term outcomes. Assessments are challenging because the impacts may not be obvious but become significant later in a child or adolescent's life.
Thresholds for intervention
Making decisions about thresholds for child neglect is particularly challenging. Practitioners must determine when a situation is sub-optimal or harmful and requires intervention. In order to make this judgment practitioners need to "be able to differentiate between what is unacceptable rather than simply undesirable".
Value laden decision making
Decision making about neglect and appropriate standards of care can be value laden. Practitioners may be sympathetic towards families and avoid passing judgment particularly when there are questions around cultural norms and differences, 'lifestyle choices' and the role of social and structural disadvantage including poverty.
Focussing on incidents not cumulative harm
Neglect is often chronic and persistent, and generally isn't characterised by discrete incidents or events that trigger action. Focussing on singular events may lead to assessing neglect as 'low risk' and therefore not a priority. Failing to consider the historical, chronic nature of neglect masks cumulative harm and the significant negative impact on the child.
Fatalism and the rule of optimism
Practitioners may have a sense of fatalism and a fixed view that the family won't change, or that any intervention or effort will be futile. This can result in crisis management rather than deliberate and effective interventions according to need. Conversely, practitioners might become overly optimistic about the situation when it is not actually changing. In these instances, the seriousness of the situation is often overlooked and can have tragic consequences for the child.
Getting the right balance between avoiding a rush to judgment and making timely decisions, appropriate to a child's timeframe, is problematic… such decisions might be made with greater urgency if the research evidence concerning the impact of abuse and neglect on early childhood development… were better disseminated
Focusing on the parent
It is common to focus on the parent(s) in cases of neglect, due to their high needs and vulnerability. Conversations about 'good enough parenting' encourage this focus on the caregiver and their capacity rather than the impact on the child/young person. Delays in determining whether a parent is able to change and adequately meet their child's needs can have catastrophic and long lasting impacts on a child's development.
Failing to explore the child's experience
Research consistently reports that practitioners fail to observe and talk with children about their daily lived experience of neglect. Practitioners may also interpret some signs of neglect as normal teenage behaviour or believe that a teenager is less vulnerable and able to cope by themselves.
Normalising the neglect
Due to the ongoing nature of chronic neglect, it is common for practitioners to 'normalise' the neglect and become 'habituated' to the family and their situation. This may result in case drift and failure to identify and act on the things that need to change for a neglected child.
Being under or overwhelmed
When practitioners think about issues of structural disadvantage and interpersonal difficulties associated with neglect, they can become overwhelmed about how to respond to the myriad of issues. This may lead to staff feeling a sense of apathy and powerlessness. Alternatively, if practitioners view child neglect narrowly by focussing on incidents or practical issues, they can be underwhelmed. This may result in superficial responses and failure to appropriately respond to important factors that could make a significant difference to the life of that child and their family.
Resource constraints and referral reluctance or reliance
Child protection workers are not able to provide all of the supports required by families in cases of neglect, e.g. to overcome structural disadvantage including poverty. A focus on "quick fix" solutions, e.g. organising a skip to remove rubbish from a property, provides some short term benefit, but will not support sustained change.
However, practitioners may be reluctant to refer the family to other services e.g. because previous experience is that referrals aren't accepted/effective. Alternatively, they may believe that linking families in with support services is the primary solution to the situation. Neither of these approaches best serves the families and their holistic needs.
Service responses to child neglect
The child protection system should be child-centred, recognising children and young people as individuals, with rights… that the child protection system understands its dual mandate to support families and help them provide adequate care and to intervene authoritatively when children and young people need protection
The literature points to the complex nature of intervening with neglected children and their families, and the need to ensure that any response is based on a comprehensive understanding of the unique needs of each family member.
While existing evidence highlights promising interventions for child neglect, including home visiting, parent training, social network support and therapeutic approaches with parents and children, there are very few evidence based programs for neglect specifically.
Despite the lack of programmatic information there is guidance available about responding effectively to child neglect. Interventions targeting families who have already been identified for neglect can be conceptualised as having three main aims:
There is a large range of interventions and approaches being implemented for child neglect. Some interventions are multidimensional and aim to target many aspects of child neglect, while others attend to one or two aspects. In addition, some interventions focus on the caregiver only, others on the child, and some work with the family as a whole. Other interventions also attend to the broader contextual issues such as family and neighbourhood poverty and isolation.
Examples of the range of possible interventions for parents and families are outlined in Table 1. below. Interventions for children may be therapeutic, relationship based, peer focussed, or involve linking children in with critical services that they often aren't accessing, for example health care and early learning services.
Table 1. Examples of possible interventions for parents and families
Concrete support
Social support
Cognitive and behavioural
Family system
Individual social support
Therapeutic child care
Social skills training
In/out patient counselling / detox for AOD
Case management
Emergency financial, food or other assistance
Mentor involvement
Individual assistance with developmental skills
Communication skills and problem skills building
12 step program
Centre based family therapy
Social support groups & community supports
Home visits with focus on developmental needs of family members
Teaching of home management, parent-child interactions, meal preparation and other life skills
Mental health in/out patient counselling
Home based, family centred counselling - family functioning, communication, roles & responsibilities
Clothing, household items
Connection to faith based activities
Peer groups geared to developmental tasks
Crisis intervention
Availability or accessibility to community resources
Neighbourhood centred activities
Mentors to provide nurturing, cultural enrichment, recreation and role modelling
Parenting education
Stress management
Enhancing family strengths
Assistance to increase safety & hygiene of home
Social networking
Individual or group therapeutic counselling
Play therapy
Building nurturing behaviours
Free/ low cost medical care
Recreation programs
Employment support
Refining family dynamics & patterns
Available / affordable quality child care
Cultural festivals and other activities
Financial management support
In Australia, the National Framework for Protecting Australia's children (2009-2020) has a public health approach including three tiers of support: primary, secondary and tertiary supports.
Scott (2017) advocates for the use of both a socio-ecological framework (child, parent, family and community) and public health framework (universal, secondary and tertiary tiers) when conceptualising potential interventions for child neglect. Table 2. provides an example of how these frameworks can be used in unison.
Table 2. Using an ecological and public health framework to understand neglect
Universal services
(primary prevention)
e.g. prevention education, early childhood education
e.g. income support, universal health care & screening
e.g. housing services, addressing social stigma
Secondary (targeted for at risk families)
e.g. respite care, services to assist with child emotional self-regulation
e.g. parenting skills, AOD/ MH services, Intensive family support
e.g. community support, routine screening at critical developmental stages
Tertiary (responding to maltreatment already occurred)
e.g. trauma based therapy, OOHC, resilience building
e.g. remedial skill building, anger management, AOD/MH services
e.g. longer term therapy, mandatory reporting legislation
Practice approaches
Daniel (2015) proposes for system wide change in order to better meet the needs of children who are experiencing neglect through asking the following key questions:
More broadly, the literature recommends that interventions for child neglect should:
- recognise that most caregivers want to be good parents
- acknowledge that all families are different with unique circumstances
- accept that all families have strengths on which to build
- meet a family where they are at
- be sensitive to cultural diversity
- be intensive and support and advocate for the concrete needs of the family
- be multipronged to address the many "causes" of neglect
- reflect an increased focus on the impacts of neglect on children
- be purposeful and focused, including the development of clear and achievable goals
- celebrate change and successes
- recognise that many parents will have experienced a lack of nurturing and potentially neglect as children themselves
- involve both in the home and wrap around support
- be based on strong relationships between practitioners, parents, children and others.
Practice principles
A number of practice principles are consistent across the literature on child neglect.
Take neglect seriously
It is critical that practitioners understand the serious consequences of child neglect and its significant lifelong impacts. It is also important to recognise the potential for neglect to be fatal. Act with urgency rather than waiting for a reportable trigger event.
Be evidence informed
It is important to understand the most current research about child neglect, including the characteristics, risks factors, protective factors, possible interventions and associated issues, in order to effectively respond. Similarly, practitioners need to have knowledge of the evidence on the impacts of neglect to interpret what neglect might mean for the child now and in the future.
Consider history and cumulative harm
It is crucial that we shift from an incident based approach to understanding whether the neglect occurring is chronic, and the associated cumulative harm. To do this look to the family history and patterned nature of behaviours in order to identify whether the neglect is episodic and enduring. Developing a chronology can assist with identifying themes, patterns, risks and strengths that feed into an assessment of caregiver capacity to change.
Be child-centred
It is essential to understand a child's daily experience, assess whether their needs are being met in relation to their developmental stage and consider the potential impacts on their development and outcomes. It is critical that practitioners see the child, communicate with them and observe them in their interactions with their carer. See the Practice Note on working with neglected children for further information.
A focus on the child includes providing or linking them with therapeutic intervention to help reduce the effects of neglect and improve their outcomes. Ultimately, all decisions should be considered in relation to the timeframe of the child and their developmental needs.
…and family focussed
The wellbeing of the child is interlinked with their family wellbeing. Practitioners must undertake a holistic assessment of family needs in order to improve family functioning and reduce stress including addressing the problems that may be preventing parent's meeting their child's needs as well as addressing any parenting challenges. A key aspect of working with a family experiencing neglect is being clear about what needs to change over what time period in order to ensure that a child's needs are being met. It is also important to consider the role of male caregivers within the context of neglect.
Assess parent capacity to change - in the child's time
The literature identifies that parents are often given "too many chances" to change in cases of neglect. Any assessment of capacity to change must be considered within the child's timeframe in relation to their developmental stage and trajectory.
Some parents can change and others can't. Some are given too many chances and we are left too long at home... In some cases parents are just overwhelmed with their problems and we're not sure if anything could have really helped them to look after us better. Although some do not get enough chance to change – it depends on the individual circumstances – A letter from youth in Daniel et al. (2014)
Timely delivery and long term interventions
Timely intervention is critical to avoid neglect becoming chronic. In addition, sustained and long term support beyond a year is generally more effective than short interventions. Longer term interventions should still focus on the child with clear objectives to avoid case drift.
Relationship based practice
The importance of building relationships to achieving positive and real change cannot be overstated. This is particularly the case for child neglect, with evidence suggesting that neglecting families disengage from services at a higher rate than other maltreating families.
Understand risks and indicators, and address underlying causes
It is important for practitioners to be able to distinguish between a risk of neglect occurring, indicators of neglect and the underlying causes contributing to the situation. Practitioners must deliberately identify and target the unique factors underlying the neglect for each family, rather than just the presenting indicators or risk factors. Without this, interventions will be superficial and children are likely to experience neglect again.
Maintain good quality documentation
The need for quality case records, chronological histories, and eco maps have proven essential in cases of neglect. It is important to clearly name and describe neglect in records when it is occurring, and outline the cumulative nature of the neglect and its consequences. Case files should also clearly document how a practitioner is monitoring a child's progress, and explicitly note what they are witnessing in parent-child interactions.
Collaborate and partner
Due to the complexity of child neglect, there is a need for increased collaboration across systems, for example to address poverty, health or educational needs. Service providers and informal supports must actively work together to share the responsibility of meeting a child and family's needs. This includes effectively sharing information and drawing on each other's professional expertise.
It is important that together partners maintain a focus on the child in order to develop a shared understanding of what is required and most appropriate. A shared definition of neglect and acceptable care is also needed. In order to support collaboration, assessments and case planning must be holistic with long-term goals supported by a comprehensive set of interventions.
Utilise good quality supervision
Supervision is crucial and must support caseworkers to be focussed and purposeful in their wok when dealing with neglect. Supervision should play a strong role in helping practitioners to reduce any professional uncertainty, identify any value laden decision making, case drift, the 'rule of optimism' or the 'start again syndrome'.
The practical and emotional difficulties of working with complex neglect cases have important implications in terms of supervision. For those who manage front-line workers, the question 'who cares for the carers' is unavoidable and constitutes one of the major challenges facing care providers
Brown, R. & Ward, H. (2014). Cumulative jeopardy: How professional responses to evidence of abuse and neglect further jeopardise children's life chances by being out of kilter with timeframes for early childhood development, Children and Youth Services Review, 47, 260-267.
Daniel, B. (2015). Why have we made neglect so complicated? Taking a fresh look at noticing and helping the neglected child, Child Abuse Review, 24, 82-94.
DePanfilis, D. (2006). Child Neglect: A guide for prevention, assessment and intervention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from: https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/neglect.pdf
Gaudin, J.M. (1993). Child neglect: A guide for intervention (unpublished doctoral thesis). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families. Retrieved from www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/neglect_1993.pdf
Horwath, J. & Tarr, S. (2015). Child visibility in cases of chronic neglect: Implications for social work practice, British Journal of Social Work, 45, 1379-1394.
Long, T., Murphy, M., Fallon, D., Livesly, J., Devitt, P., McLoughlin, M. & Cavanagh, A. (2014). Four-year longitudinal impact evaluation of the Action for Children UK Neglect Project: Outcomes for the children, families, Action for Children, and the UK, Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 1358-1368.
Office for Children, Youth and Family Support (OCYFS). (2010). Practice Paper: Focus on neglect. Department of Disability, Housing and Community Services ACT. Retrieved from
Scott, D. (2017). Practice responses to neglect. Paper presented at the Family and Community Services Research to Practice: Act with Urgency: Responding to Neglect.
Stone, B. (1998). Child neglect: Practitioners' perspectives, Child Abuse Review, 7, 87-96.
Taylor, J., Brandon, M., Hodson, D. & Haynes, A. ( 2016). Child neglect: Policy, response and developments in England, Research, Policy and Planning, 32(1), 32-51.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Torgado Posted December 17, 2016 Please reduce oxygen consumption. Oxygen is used too fast. Yes, we have tethers and yes we can build tanks to add to backpack. It still seems oxygen is consumed just too fast for an exploration type of game. Reducing oxygen consumption speed by 50% would allow for a little more exploration time, but not so much we ignore the need for the other tech. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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LISTENING MIX provides a musical preview for artists visiting the Walker. Combining their work with sounds from a variety of contextual sources, LISTENING MIX can be experienced before or after a performance.
Bringing her ethereal vocal melodies, vintage electronic sounds, and imaginative soundscapes, Los Angeles musician Julia Holter performs at the Walker as a part of our in-gallery music series Sound Horizon, this Thursday, April 11. Free and open to the public, these 30-minute performances begin at 6, 7, and 8 pm.
Utilizing analog synthesizers, drum machines, keyboards, and vocal effects, Julia Holter creates a dreamlike sound universe uniquely her own. Coming from the LA cultures of CalArts, Dublab Radio, and Echo Park, Holter seamlessly unifies art song with pop song. Within her music, the vibe can transition from direct melodies into abstract sound collages. Much of her work emphasizes texture, harmony, and narrative structure. For this Listening Mix, I've chosen to integrate the whispered vocals of swedish group El Perro Del Mar, the playful vocal layering of Grimes, the echoed storytelling of John Maus, and the psychedelic lullabies of Broadcast.
LISTENING MIX // Julia Holter by Listening Mix on Mixcloud


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(it's) Sydney or the bush(redirected from it's Sydney or bust)
(it's) Sydney or the bush
Either one achieves or strives for the very best possible outcome, or one shouldn't bother at all. Primarily heard in Australia. I was the last member of the team still in the tournament, so it was Sydney or the bush for my next match! OK, I'm putting everything I have on this roll of the dice—it's Sydney or the bush!


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Hello Project Ezra! Thanks for being part of the group. I pray that you are doing well and are looking forward to another blessed opportunity to share the word of God this weekend. Our passage this week is Acts chapter 5, the very well know story of the death of Ananias and Sapphira. I've actually held off on tackling this passage for quite a while, since it can be a challenge to explain to a non-believer. Many would look at this passage as an example of God being arbitrary and vindictive, while in truth it is yet another example of the fact that He is same yesterday, today, and forever. God is a God of love, but the fact of His love does not eclipse the reality of His justice and wrath, which are displayed in the New Testament just as in the Old Testament.
However, I thought a better approach to this story would be in comparison to what is said of the Jewish leaders, and the ongoing evidence of their hardened hearts, despite years of signs and wonders performed both by Jesus Himself, and then by His apostles. Those who reject Christ never do so based on lack of evidence, but based on hearts hardened toward God. Unbelief is not an intellectual problem, but a moral problem, and it was the same moral problem, that of pride, that led Ananias and Sapphira to lie to the Holy Spirit in order to get the praises of men. So this outline focuses on pure motives before God. And of course, none of us truly have pure motives before God in our own strength. But by His grace, He takes out our hearts of stone and gives us hearts of flesh, transforming us more and more into the image of Christ. And praise God that by Christ's sacrifice on the cross, we will be seen as pure when we stand before Him on that final day.
I pray this outline is a blessing. If Project Ezra has encouraged you in sharing your faith, please let your friends and church family know. Perhaps you may be the tool God uses to encourage one of them to step out in faith and lift His name in public for the first time. And believe me, there are few blessings greater than that!
All for His glory,
We are here today to share God's word with you.
In fact, we are compelled to speak, just as the Apostles were in this chapter, both by our love for God, and by our care for you.
These we speak are the words of life, words that many people desperately need to hear
We know that some people may be offended by what they hear, though that is not our intent.
But just as the apostles were told by the Angel of the Lord to go, stand in the temple, and speak the words of life, so we have been called to do the same, whether people are offended or not
We are called to obey God rather than men
We cannot help but speak. We, like the Apostles, are compelled to speak of what we have seen, and heard, and know
And what we know is the truth of salvation by grace, through faith in Jesus Christ, and in Him alone
We pray that we will present Him to you in truth, and with right hearts
But as we pray for true hearts, in Acts chapter 5 we see two groups who had false hearts, and impure motives, regarding Christ
We don't know you, but would ask you to examine your own heart, in light of this passage, and to see if your hearts are right before Him
Acts 5 talks of Ananias and Sapphira, who were among those who followed Christ
But they lied to the Apostles, and ultimately to God, about the amount they gave, out of pride
They were more interested in the praise of people that in truth towards God
As a consequence, they were struck dead by God, in the presence of the people of God
Make no mistake, God is a God of love, but He is also a God of justice and wrath
It is as dangerous to misrepresent His character as it is to lie to the Holy Spirit
The scriptures tell us it is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God (Hebrews 10:31)
Acts 5 also talks about the Jewish leaders, who were jealous of the Apostles, and were more interested in protecting their own power, and once again feeding their own pride, that they were in the truth.
They had seen some of the most miraculous acts ever done on earth, yet had killed the man who had done those works, and were now determined to silence His followers
This is why Jesus called them white washed tombs, clean on the outside but filled with dead men's bones (Matthew 23:37)
They were hypocrites, only interested in themselves.
So now ask yourself. Have you come to God with impure motives, or an impure heart?
Have you claimed to believe in God when you are trusting something other than Him?
You don't need to tell me, but please don't lie to yourself. I truth, no man has ever come before God with a pure heart.
You can't lie to God, and when you try you break His law
But many do lie to themselves, because they will not acknowledge the true God. They create an image of God in their minds, to suit themselves.
They create a god in their own image, one that winks at their sin, accepting them as they are
But this is idolatry, and scripture tells us that idolaters will not inherit the kingdom of God
Or are you going through the motions of religion to please your family, or for cultural acceptance?
Are you claiming a faith that you truly have no interest in?
They you are failing to love God with all your heart, mind, soul and strength, as we are commanded to
Or are you covetous, loving the things of this world more than God, as Ananias and Sapphira, along with many so-called preachers on TV?
If you are guilty of breaking any of these or other laws of God, than you are guilty before Him. And all of us are guilty of breaking His laws
Every one of us, myself included, deserves nothing but death and hell as punishment for our sins, our moral crimes against a holy God
Ananias and Sapphira were killed instantly for their sin, and God would be perfectly right in doing the same to us.
But there is good news! Gospel means good news, and the reason we share the bad news of sin is so the good news of Christ's gift to us will make sense.
Our hope is this. Even though we have all broken His law, His broken body, and His spilled blood, satisfied the demands of that law.
On a Roman cross, 2000 years ago, Jesus Christ, fully God and fully man, was crushed by His Father (Isaiah 53), so that we could be forgiven
Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins, so Jesus Christ, God in human flesh, spilled His own blood for us.
And through that perfect sacrifice our debt was paid, justice was satisfied, and now we can go free.
So I pray that today you will receive this gift
I pray that God will take out your heart of stone, and give you a heart of flesh, one prepared for His word
And I pray that through repentance, turning from sin, and through faith and trust in Jesus Christ alone, you too will be saved, made right with God.
Someday I will be in heaven with God, though I don't deserve it. I deserve nothing but His judgment.
And when I get there I hope to see you there too.
So, today, turn from your sins and trust in Christ alone.
Don't delay. None of us is promised a tomorrow, and the fate of Ananias and Sapphira could be yours.
So, while He has graciously given you time, turn to Christ, and live!


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Extra Oil: God's Handmaiden Confesses
"Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another . . . The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much." ~ James 5:15-16 full quote below; Branch Davidians Update, re: Sunday 04/17/11 CNN special; Prayer Requests for others
Extra Oil: God's Handmaiden Confesses
shared by Remnant Doctrine Keepers (RDK) 042211
©copyright 2011 Bonita M Quesinberry 041811
Titled Topic:
—— "The prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven. Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much." ~ James 5:15-16
—— "Save the sick" does not mean only illnesses of our flesh but of all things that affect righteous behavior, "faults" that impede the "purification" process. We have prayer requests for others; and, Sister BonnieQ comes to "confess her faults" to our brethren and to seek only "your fervent prayers" on her behalf. First, the following is an excerpt from one letter-of-four mailed by her daughter, Sister María, in order to give you an idea of the what and why for Bonnie's confession; which follows thereafter:
—— "The undersigned is both daughter and State appointed caregiver for HSN customer Ms Quesinberry (67yo in June). About 8 months ago, her Multiple Sclerosis— since age 8, diagnosed at 23yo— was diagnosed as having entered "rapid progression." She also has Lupus, RA, heart problems and other health issues. In the last 5 years, she has suffered a statistically fatal brain aneurysm, broken back 4 times, broken ribs, and has been living in a HUD subsidized housing nightmare of management and tenant abuses.
—— "At the onset of seizures, convulsions and black outs, my mother elected to give up driving and lost most of her independence; which resulted in depression and actions totally unlike her usual financial restraint; the most damaging of which are the sudden orders from your company and 2 others we are petitioning. Her excellent credit is in jeopardy, for she cannot pay 2-Visa credit charges amassed near or at $20,000 and she has nothing to collect from an estate at death. She does not remember making most of the orders and was unaware of all charges until recently notified."
—— Dearest Brethren, "Truth is Love" and I love each of you; so, please know that what has happened was not intentional and it has not in any way affected my ability to fulfill God's assigned tasks. The hardest thing I had to do was tell my daughter what I had done: aside from the fact she is my daughter, she is also my caregiver and communicates with all my doctors. When I added that she must want to ground me or some other measure of punishment, her response was, "Wow! That is totally unlike you; but I don't think I need to do anything, Mom. You already are beating yourself up terribly and are seeking solution." The next hardest thing is to confess to you, my brethren in Christ. Still, I must do as James' scriptures direct.
—— I have gone to our Lord for His forgiveness and guidance to understand what happened and why, the best solution and to find what there is to learn from the awful experience. Added to the reasons in the above letter is the fact that, for the last 10 years I have been persecuted for God's Truth I give the world, and for the last year I have been a prisoner in my apartment because of abuses and false complaints. I am a people person, so not interacting with my neighbors and speaking my mind are foreign to me.
—— In March, I became aware of what happened between November 2010 and March 2011, four months of being brainless and temporarily insane: excessive charges to my two Visa accounts for purchases from QVC, HSN and ShopNBC. One of my Visa's allowed $5,000 in over limit charges "before rejecting" additional charges and notifying me. In fact, it was HSN that first notified me because a "flex- or value-pay" was denied. At the time and not knowing the full extent of damage, I gave them my other credit card.
—— On top of the above charges, in February I made a $200 error in my check register, for which my bank took a cash withdrawal on my bank Visa but did not contact me; thus, I was oblivious of the overdraft. I have never made a mathematical error regarding my checking account because I always run a double calculation to prove balance. Apparently, that time I did not: another nail of depression. I did not even do a bank reconciliation and did not notice the $200 deposit on the next bank statement. I learned of it when the cash withdrawal showed up on the Visa statement; although, at first I did not question it; thinking it was part of the charges I had made. Du—uh!
—— I was devastated upon learning just how much I had charged as well as the bank overdraft. Until now, I was debt free, "owed no man," and never in my life had I done such a foolish, irresponsible act. In addition to prayer, my first response was to accept a pre-approved credit card offering no interest for 18 months and had planned to transfer my outstanding balances knowing that no interest would mean lower payments. They withdrew their offer when it was learned I had co-signed a loan for my foster daughter's car a year ago; which was not a problem in that I knew she would pay and has been paying that loan. She desperately needed the car for her job.
—— God's response to my prayers was that I contact QVC, HSN and ShopNBC to ask them to willing take back all that I ordered in exchange for credit to my Visas. They have their money, so they are not obligated to accept returns for credit; especially considering their 30-day return policy has expired. María mailed those letters; and, she is mailing a letter to the Amazon Visa who allowed the over limit charges. Another letter might go out to Bank of America Visa, if needed. While I did make a few payments of about a total of $1000, before the balances soared, I cannot continue to make payments now that they total almost $700 per month, OR I will not eat and cover co-pays on necessary meds: my monthly SS income is only $1011, about 65% below poverty level.
—— Never in my life have I experienced depression; burnout yes, but that is an entirely different situation and set of behaviors. As a counselor, I understood the malady to some degree but had no idea what it felt like or how it affected behavior and memory. María lives in Oregon and comes up as caregiver when I have doctors' appointments; so, she had no idea that something was wrong. When I received notice and by God's plan, it jarred me out of depression's darkness; though I still have no memory of most of the orders I made but do have the proof in products and current billing statements. It seems I simply kept putting away the items and, sight unseen, was not aware of the volume of clothes, shoes, bags and jewelry: things of this world, which also greatly troubles me.
—— While this is devastating to me and I am desperate to clear my name and accounts, I have learned much from this experience: now I understand how those who suffer depression think, which they do not, and act. For over 21 years, I was married to a man who suffered depression as far back as he could remember; yet, I never understood how he could look at a $5 monthly increase in debt yet not understand the impact on our full debt obligation, how he could appear to function normally yet blind to what he was doing, how he sabotaged himself in the process: all I knew at the time.
—— Now I understand how depression functions on a daily basis and the fervent prayer needed from us for all who suffer. Fortunately and unlike those many, I am not and will not need meds for depression. In fact, I was on an antidepressant several years ago as solely a remedy for chronic pain. It had the negative effect of causing me to sleep walk and suffer mild depression that I could recognize. I was off the med immediately; albeit, that med possibly could have added to this experience. I have learned by God's reasoning that this was due to combined, unrelenting events that ultimately overwhelmed me.
—— What I do remember is watching those programs, another thing I had never done, seeing something I liked, thinking I needed a few new clothes, and noting that the "flex-pay" or "value-pay" was only $8 or $12 or $19 per month for 2 or 3 or 5 months coupled with what I thought were only a few full price charges. I saw only those value-pays, surely easy to pay. In all cases, I thought I ordered only one of an item, yet I found in my closet "one in every color" of a number of garments; yet, I remembered only that I wanted it in, say, gray or blue or black.
—— To see now what I have done is disconcerting at best and, at worst, frightening that I could do these things with very little memory of it. There is no doubt in my mind that God snatched me out of a depression that many people suffer for ever. The moment I exited depression, I instantly asked our Lord for His forgiveness and asked for the understanding of not only what happened but also to comprehend how it happened while also seeking guidance in how to remedy the disastrous results. It especially concerns me, not only because we are instructed to "owe no man," but also because we are so close to seeing our Savior in the clouds. I desperately want to be in the clouds with him.
—— I asked God if this could be due to MS because depression is common among MS patients, though I had not experienced it, or could it have occurred due to part of my right temporal lobe now gone and possibly affecting short-term memory. The understanding He gave me was that it was not due to either possibility; instead, it was due to emotional overload during the last 5 years or so, as noted in the letter excerpt above, compounded by continued abuse and being a prisoner where I live. If I had been aware, I might have avoided these consequences: it was so gradual over the past year that I was not aware, instead I thought I handled well the persecutions, abuses and loss of independence.
—— Perhaps even, this also happened because I had always taken "pride" in the fact I was self-disciplined and handled my finances responsibly, that I would NEVER do such a thing. We all know "pride goes before a fall" and it is not a part of Christ's righteousness. I thought, erroneously, that I had shed "pride" at least 15 years ago when it was made known to me that it was "pride" to NOT ask for or accept help when needed. Well, I obviously did not cover all the pride and assumption bases. Still, I feel compelled to add another charge to my sins: coveting. Surely I coveted the many "things" those programs offered. I do not recall ever coveting anything, but it does make sense in this situation. As you have read, my sins are many in this case, sins I sincerely never want to repeat.
—— To ease your minds, however, please know that I have cut up and thrown away the only two credit cards I had in order that this never happens again. A few have suggested bankruptcy in that the credit card companies can charge off the debt, but I do not want to do that. In my mind, to take that route would be equivalent to theft. I desire a solution that is equitable and do-able for both them and me; it is neither my wish nor God's will that I avoid financial responsibility. My greatest fear, for which I earnestly pray, is that I do not lose God's Seal upon me since 1976.
—— For total purification to occur before Christ arrives, as Biblically taught, God made it clear to me that I still had a part to erase: not only of pride but also in thinking people choose to be depressed when there is an easy remedy that they are not willing to pursue; so here I go again. All they had to do was reject it in Christ's name? True, but on the other hand, how does one reject something of which they are unaware?
—— Pride and assumption, two thoughts man has taught we should have: believe a person chooses a negative path as opposed to choosing a positive; pride in our work, pride in success, pride in self-sufficiency, pride that God chose us, pride-pride-pride. We have nothing, are nothing and are not chosen by our own strength, also of which we have none on our own. Thus, I ask that you also ask our Lord for Him to show you if there is "assumption" and/or "pride" or "coveting" or, as the Pharisee, "thanking God that you are not like the lost" or any other sin of which you might not be aware; for we all must be purified of all sins, be we aware or unaware, "before" Christ returns so to Him we can be "presented a righteous people presented."
—— I humbly ask each of you to pray on my behalf that Jesus not only forgive these actions but also that a fair remedy occurs, one I can handle, and that this never happens to me again or happens to any of you. While my mind always has been clear concerning the gifts God has given me and of the tasks that come with those gifts, I never again want to experience such a total lack of self-control and self-discipline. It amazes me that a person in depression can be clear in one matter yet blind of another: know this to be true.
Branch Davidian Update:
—— Sunday night, 04/17, CNN aired a special 2011 documentary about the Waco travesty that began 28 February 1993 and ended 19 April 1993, supposedly in memoriam to all who died— "Faith, Fear and Fire." RDK found it odd that CNN did this just one month after RDK presented its 03-18-11 "Extra Oil: EG White Warned," which included the Davidians' story. Until two weeks ago, there was no mention of a new documentary. This led some RDK members to suggest it was a Federal response to RDK's presentation.
—— After all, we do know that the Feds have been monitoring RDK's online activities for quite some time, as is the World Council of Churches who in the last month began sending emails to us that contain only a title of topic but no link to it. As you might recall, in the year 2000 RDK sent an email to the World Church requesting its list of members. They either checked their archives for our email address or gained it from one of our websites, either Remnant Doctrine Keepers and/or Seventh Seal Library.
——We feel certain Federal authorities were not amused with the truth about the Constitutionally illegal and unnecessary assault that killed 86 Davidians, among them at least 24 children according to CNN. Their presentation showed numerous film clips of ATF's attack on Waco's Davidian compound in Texas, and included interviews with only three survivors; two of which were a married couple actually in the compound at the time and a woman who had left the Davidians well before there was any threat. Another survivor was interviewed but not taped live. And, they interviewed yet another man currently clearing the property with the intent to rebuild both the buildings and the faith.
—— The couple evacuated their three youngest kids but lost their four oldest children to the fire those tear gas canisters forced into the building at high velocity, had caused several explosions of either natural gas and/or butane. In mere minutes, the building was fully engulfed; only a precious few adults and children escaping through a nearby exit.
—— As they previously blamed the Davidians for everything, ATF and an FBI negotiator, that CNN interviewed for the 2011 documentary, claimed Koresh ordered the fires set and said they had an audio tape of him giving the order; which they did not play despite having aired numerous tapes of talk between the negotiator and Koresh. The couple, on the other hand, denied Koresh ordered fires set or that he set them. Koresh already was suffering several gunshot wounds, one of which he showed on video, thus was not moving about the compound.
—— The FBI negotiator stated that, based on his numerous conversations with Koresh, he had determined and reported to ATF that Koresh was "a manipulative narcissistic with psychopathic tendencies," further stating, "The members are low self-esteem people easily manipulated into following whatever Koresh said." The couple declared, "Wow, they didn't give us much credit," and adamantly stated they would not have joined the faith if they had felt that Koresh was not directed by God. To this day, they feel he was an oracle of God. On the other hand, the above woman said everyone believed Koresh was the Messiah incarnate and accused him of saying he was the Messiah.
—— On one video Koresh, taping a plea for ATF to back off, said ATF was "putting members and my wives (plural) and children in danger." This does not really support ATF's claim that Koresh was sleeping with a lot of women and certainly does not prove "sex with kids," the latter of which the couple denied ever happened. Koresh also videotaped only two "wives" with children, one of the wives pregnant with her second.
—— Contrarily, the above one survivor woman said a number of women began having children by Koresh after he purportedly delivered a "message from God:" the men were not to have sex, even with their wives, and that he was the only one to have sex in order to increase pure membership numbers for the time of Christ's return: she was afraid of being the next woman, though she did not state why she believed this but did leave the Davidians, nonetheless. The couple declared her statement to be untrue. The other man interviewed but only his picture shown, joined the Davidians later. He found nothing amiss and believed Koresh was gifted with God's Word of Truth.
—— As for the "arsenal" the Davidians supposedly had, an ATF video of weapons purportedly retrieved after the building burned to the ground was aired. It might be difficult to prove all those guns belonged to the Davidians; however, during the 51-day siege Koresh did a video showing how the group repaired weapons to sell at various gun shows, which is well documented and which, as he said, is not against the Law in Texas.
—— The last man noted above is currently in the process of rebuilding the compound buildings for the purpose of restoring the original California Branch Davidian faith established in 1955 by Victor Houteff, whose leadership later was succeeded by Koresh. The man was the one who first warned the Conference SDA church of Koresh's activities and, at the time, suspected he was a danger to the church. He later learned the truth about the Branch Davidians' beliefs and of Koresh's teachings, deciding then to rebuild the compound and faith for these perilous Laodicea times.
—— While it is obvious that Koresh erred when it came to having more than one wife, he was nevertheless willing to die for God, Christ and his belief in both as well as God's Word Truth; at least concerning God's seventh Sabbath. Like the Mormons, Koresh showed scripture that he felt proved God wanted him to have several wives and many pure children to increase the size of Christ's church. None of the members disagreed.
—— The FBI negotiator readily admitted everything that happened was unnecessary and, in the end, had pleaded with ATF to back off and leave the Davidians alone. Moments later and already angered by ATF's four dead and six wounded, they launched the final full-scale attack using military tanks and armed ATF ground agents. The rest is a history that sent to all Sabbatarians a clear warning of what is to come soon. But only a few will die, if not already counted as Davidians, for Christ will not be far behind. We must be totally purified in time for that glorious day so incredibly near.
Dearest Brethren, please know that BonnieQ asks for nothing of you, only humbly asking your forgiveness of her confessed faults and asks for your prayers on her behalf as well as all the brethren. Bonnie gratefully thanks each of you for fervent prayers as she also prays for each of you to continue to have faith in God's Word He has given her for all of you.
Also, we ask prayer for our brother and RDK member Weldon: his health failing rapidly and currently is in an Oklahoma City nursing home. Weldon is Sister María's dad.
Do not put yourself in danger of losing your Seal, as Bonnie feels she might have endangered God's Seal upon her. That has to be a painful feeling, for such a loss is the greatest fear we all should experience. Fear of God is a good thing.
Much love and prayers,
Sister BonnieQ, God's Handmaiden
Seventh Seal Library
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Comment by we must know truth | 29 June 2011 |
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Sourcing Patayan Pottery from Las Colinas with Electron Microprobe Assays
David R. Abbott, Sophia E. Kelly, Andrew Lack, and Margaret Beck
An unusual concentration of Patayan buff ware ceramics in a full suite of vessel forms suggests the presence of a Patayan enclave at the Hohokam village of Las Colinas. Some authors have proposed that the Patayan buff wares could have been made locally with riverine clays and presumably with locally available sand that contains phyllite. We investigate if the Patayan pottery was locally made by chemically assaying temper particles of phyllite with an electron microprobe and comparing them to the chemical signatures of bedrock phyllite from the nearby Phoenix Mountains. Our findings demonstrate unambiguous differences between the temper fragments and the raw Phoenix Mountains samples, suggesting that the Patayan pottery was not made at Las Colinas.
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Architecture and the Afterlife: A Spatial Analysis of Mortuary Behavior at University Indian Ruin
Rachael Byrd, James T. Watson, Suzanne Fish, and Paul Fish
Much attention has been paid to Hohokam mortuary features but the diversity of patterns outside of the Phoenix basin continues to be defined. Significant differences in these patterns exist between south-central and southern Arizona and are especially evident during the Classic period (A.D. 1150-1450). In this paper we describe the mortuary spatial patterns observed at the platform mound site of University Indian Ruin (AZ BB:9:33 [ASM]), how it compares to contemporaneous sites, and suggest that burial location and type varies in relationship to architecture. In addition, a spatial analysis was conducted that utilizes previously documented burials and the distribution of cremated human bone on the site surface to construct a predictive model.
Advances in Ground-penetrating Radar Exploration and Mapping in the Tucson Basin
Lawrence Conyers
Ground-penetrating radar surveys in the Tucson Basin have successfully identified buried cultural features where there is little or no surface expression or artifacts. Earthen floors and walls, composed of adobe, are typically difficult to differentiate in GPR profiles as they are similar to the matrix. But comparisons of GPR data to excavations at a number of sites shows that intact walls are visible as homogeneous non-reflective areas, bounded by reflections from layers of adobe melt and aeolian sand. These complex features have been identified at the Marana, University Indian Ruin and Los Robles. Compound walls at Marana visible within a matrix of alluvium as distinct reflection hyperbolas. Readily visible in profile and amplitude maps are baking ovens and horizontal floors composed of compacted and baked earth. Agricultural features such as distribution canals, feeder channels, "waffle beds" and sediment layers associated with agricultural fields are readily mapped at Rillito Fan and Las Capas.
Radiocarbon Dating Terrestrial Gastropods in Prehistoric Irrigation Canals
Audrey Copeland, James Watson, and Jay Quade
Canal irrigation is one of the defining characteristics of Formative period adaptations in the Sonoran Desert and numerous archaeological studies have endeavored to better understand their significance to both subsistence and social systems within the region. Terrestrial gastropods from canals have traditionally been used to reconstruct microenvironments; specifically salinity and flow rates. In this paper we demonstrate that terrestrial gastropods can also be used to radiocarbon date canal use and contribute another dimension to the reconstruction of irrigation technology. This proves a reliable technique but some carbon correction is required and certain species are unreliable.
Late Formative Period Exchange Systems in the Phoenix Basin
David E. Doyel and M. Steven Shackley
Elemental analysis of hundreds of samples of obsidian by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) from southern Arizona provide insights into exchange and procurement strategies in the Santa Cruz phase and mostly the Sacaton phase of the Hohokam chronology. New data from multiple sites in the Phoenix Basin and Globe Highlands are reported that tend to support some existing interpretations but also add new points of discussion.
PXRF/WDXRFS Inter-Unit Comparison of Arizona Obsidians
Daniel Dybowski
This paper focuses on two separate x-ray fluorescence methods to see whether or not trace elemental readings between them are comparable. Seven varieties of obsidian from Arizona are used in this study. The first PXRF method is a non-destructive fluorescence method using the NITON XLt handheld analyzer, housed in the archaeology laboratory (ARL) at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (UWM). The second method is the wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRFS), a destructive powder method. The NITON (PXRF) XLt is a mobile handheld device that can be used in the field, whereas the fixed stationary WDXRFS model canno t. This technological development provides an opportunity for scientists to obtain rapid feedback of elemental compositions for raw materials in the field. However, the comparability of these two methods is relatively unknown.
Prehistoric Glaze Paints from Central Arizona: Raw Material Provenance, Social and Economic Networks
Thomas Fenn
Individual and group identities are hot research topics at present. Several recent research efforts have been made to elicit this type of information concerning prehistoric potters and pottery communities in Pueblo III/IV contexts in the American Southwest. This study examines isotopic ratios of lead used in the manufacture of glaze paints on a sample of previously studied White Mountain Red Ware ceramics (chemical composition analysis) from the Mogollon Rim in order to better understand social and economic contacts and technological information exchange as we ll as to further understand the groups and possible individuals involved. Results suggest a multiple sources were utilized. Lead isotopes from some glazes correspond with ore deposits in the Socorro region of central New Mexico, while isotopic values from other glazes may be from eastern Arizona. These data suggest a mixture of local and long-distance contacts were utilized to procure the necessary raw materials.
The Element of Surprise: Relating the Social to the Science
James M. Heidke
Nearly a quarter century ago the petrofacies approach to ceramic provenance determination was introduced to AAC members attending the Second Tucson Basin Conference (1986). A preliminary assessment of early and middle Sedentary period Hohokam ceramic production and exchange was presented as well as evidence regarding stylistic variability that covaried with production source. In the intervening years intra-regional, temper source-related stylistic variability has been documented in many collections of middle Sedentary period Hohokam red-on-brown pottery from Tucson area sites, with some of the strongest evidence coming from a careful review of geometric element distributions. Element distributions inform on a wide variety of anthropological topics including, but not limited to, community development, the definition of supra-village social units, learning frameworks, marriage practices, trade partnerships, and consumer preference. Here the utility of the petrofacies approach for addressing those topics with archaeological data is reviewed.
Protein, Phytolith, and Organic Residue Analysis of Stone Comb Tools from Upper San Pedro Village
Maren Hopkins
In the 1940s, Amerind Foundation archaeologists William Shirley Fulton and Carr Tuthill identified a strange artifact type at two prehistoric sites in southeastern Arizona. These unusual tools were a thin, elongated form similar to a tabular tool, but with hafting modifications similar to a 3/4-groove ax. The use-edge of the tool was coarsely serrated on a single margin, but did not extend across the entire edge. Fulton and Tuthill called these artifacts "stone combs," although they made only minimal speculation as to their function. In 2008, data recovery excavations at Upper San Pedro Village, a prehistoric habitation site located in southeastern Arizona on the international border, recovered several more of these unique artifacts. This time the tools were submitted for protein, phytolith, and organic residue analysis. The results not only provided greater insight into the utility of the stone combs, but also proved to be valuable in the overall interpretation of the site.
Identifying and Charting the Rise of Specialized Red-on-Buff Production along Queen Creek, Phoenix Basin
Andrew D. Lack, Sophia E. Kelly, David R. Abbott, Joshua Watts, and Pamela Cox
Recent studies have identified intensive Hohokam Red-on-buff pottery production along the middle Gila River in the southern Phoenix Basin. In this paper, we present new evidence demonstrating that villages in the vicinity of Queen Creek were also important production locales. Utilizing ceramic petrography and low-powered optical techniques, we present data confirming that 1) production of buff ware did occur in the Queen Creek area, 2) production occurred over several centuries, and 3) production increased most significantly in the late Sacaton/Soho phases, coinciding with the increased social fra gmentation that accompanied the collapse of the ballcourt system. These results allow us to explore the connection between the organization of pottery production and other socio-historical changes that occurred among the Hohokam.
Obsidian Source Analysis Using a Bruker Tracer III-V Portable EDXRF
Chris Loendorf and Craig M. Fertelmes
This investigation evaluates the precision and accuracy of the Bruker Tracer III–V portable Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer using data collected as part of the Pima-Maricopa Irrigation Project. The precision of the instrument is assessed in two primary ways. First, through repeated analysis of a single artifact, and second by analyzing multiple artifacts derived from the same obsidian source. Because obsidian is a chemically homogeneous material, these readings should be uniform and any significant deviations suggest instrument or other error. The accuracy of the analyzer is assessed by comparing previously determined geochemical data to the Tracer III-V results. This study indicates the Tracer III–V has sufficient precision to reliably characterize geochemical variation among obsidian sources; however, it is difficult to determine the accuracy of the device as a result of the range of variation in the previously reported data.
Using Super-high Resolution Panoramas (Gigapans) to Document and Study Rock Art Panels
Robert Mark & Evelyn Billo
Relatively new robotic hardware and associated software permits capture and stitching of hundreds of telephoto high-resolution images into a large panorama file, the order of a gigabyte or more in size. Theses images can be examined in programs such as Photoshop or exported into formats that permit panning and zooming in a browser, such as Zoomify. Examples will be presented from rock art sites in the Southwestern United States.
Status Update on Petrofacies Modeling with examples from Classic Period Hohokam sites: Part I
Elizabeth J. Miksa and Mary F. Ownby
Petrofacies modeling in Arizona has moved forward at a steady pace over the last 25 years. Since the first petrofacies model was created for the Tucson basin in 1986, petrographers based at Desert Archaeology, Inc. have devoted considerable effort to collecting a robust network of sand samples so that one of the most common resources employed by the Hohokam can be mapped at a scale that captures the common resource use patterns of prehistoric ceramic specialists in Arizona. As of 2010, we have nine petrofacies models covering a wide swath of central and southern Arizona. Principles of petrofacies modeling are presented, along with details of the statistical analysis and degree of coverage available in each basin. Criticisms of the petrofacies model are addressed, along with a discussion of both the limitations of petrofacies modeling and its most appropriate applications.
Status Update on Petrofacies Modeling with examples from Classic Period Hohokam sites: Part II
Mary F. Ownby and Elizabeth J. Miksa
The utilization of sand temper by prehistoric potters provides a unique opportunity to identify production locations based on the development of petrofacies models. As previously explained, this methodology is now well developed for nine basins in Arizona and allows a more complete understanding of changes in ceramic production and distribution both chronologically and spatially. To illustrate this ability, two case studies will be presented. Application of the petrofacies model to Tanque Verde Red-on-brown and associated plain wares from two sites in the northern Tucson Basin reveals at least two main production locations. However, changes in technology were also noted, involving the utilization of either fine sands or clays naturally containing fine sands. Petrographic analysis of Gila Polychrome sherds from the Tonto Basin identified three production locales. Both of these examples highlight aspects of ceramic specialization in the Classic to Late Classic periods throughout Arizona.
Using XRF to investigate Archaic period toolstone procurement patterns in Northern Arizona
Ted Roberts
Hunter-gatherer lithic procurement is investigated through a study of obsidian source use. X-ray Fluorescence analysis was performed on 271 Archaic Period projectile points recovered as surface finds in Northern Arizona. Thirteen obsidian and fine-grained volcanic (FGV) toolstone sources were analyzed and used to build upon regionally specific source standards. The geochemical analysis revealed highly patterned and selective obsidian procurement behavior. To investigate such behavior, I adapted a model used to explain the overwhelming reliance on only a handful of the lithic options available within the research area.
Obsidian Distribution in the Tucson Basin: XRF Source Studies from the Honey Bee and Yuma Wash Sites
Stacy L. Ryan
Recent x-ray fluorescence obsidian source analyses have added to the growing body of data from Hohokam sites in the Tucson Basin, offering an opportunity to examine spatial and temporal patterns on a regional level. This report summarizes the obsidian artifacts and sources from pre-Classic contexts at Honey Bee Village and from the Classic period Yuma Wash site. Results are compared with new and previously documented patterns from the region, revealing differences in procurement and exchange behaviors during the Sedentary period and increased access to a diverse set of sources through the Classic period. The current evidence suggests that circulation of certain sources increased during the Tucson phase (A.D. 1300 – 1450), possibly providing insights into the changes that occurred during the late Classic period.
Impressions and Implications: Some Thoughts on Archaeological Pollen Analysis
James Schoenwetter
By means of a brief history of archaeological pollen study and its relationship to CRM I arrive at the suggestion that application of archaeological sciences will begin facing serious limitations in the near future...probably within the professional lifetimes of the members of this audience. I predict the necessity for change in the character of archaeological work if the discipline is to evolve to fulfill its anthropological potential.
Rediscovering Midvale's Platform Mound at Las Canopas
Erik Steinbach
In an attempt to relocate Frank Midvale's "Cottonwood Ruin", a large mound at the site of Las Canopas in South Phoenix, his field records were reviewed and compared to historic aerial photographs maintained by the Flood Control District of Maricopa County and SRP. The fortuitous timing of two sets of aerial photographs of exceptional quality taken in 1930 and 1934, the years before and after Midvale's test excavation, allow his notes and sketch to be seen in the context of the geography of 1930s South Phoenix. By using GIS software to geo-reference the photographic evidence it can be shown that in the 1930s a large, well preserved mound existed at Las Canopas in the exact location illustrated in Midvale's sketch map. Unfortunately, the geo-referenced aerial photographs also reveal that Midvale's mound was located outside modern Esteban Park on a parcel of land recently developed as apartments.
Logistic Mobility among Farmers of the Sonoran Desert
Marijke Stoll and James T. Watson
Archaeological evidence suggests that early farmers in the Sonoran Desert practiced a mixed subsistence strategy in which foraging and farming were of equal importance. Patterned differences in subsistence activities in archaeological populations, the result of habitual behaviors, can often be extrapolated by comparing cross-sectional geometry in long bones. We compare the cross-sectional geometry of femur dimensions by archaeological period and between males and females from a series of skeletal samples representing the Early Agricultural period (1,600 B.C.-A.D. 150), the Hohokam cultural sequence (A.D. 150-1450), and the Spanish Colonial period (A.D. 1450-1840) to test the hypothesis that males maintained greater mobility than females during the foraging to farming transition in the Sonoran Desert, and that mobility decreased with greater agricultural investment and eventually missionization.
"Just What the Doctor Ordered:" Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Historical-Period Medicines in Tucson
William A. White, III
The rare discovery of two sealed medicine bottles with their contents intact from the Joint Courts Complex project area in Tucson provided an opportunity to analyze medicinal products from bygone days. The contents were analyzed by several mass spectrometry instruments to reveal the ingredients of the medicines. Preliminary results indicated that an array of compounds were employed in the manufacture of both medicines. The results also prompted questions about how historical-period organic compounds, like medicines, decay after deposition and how modern chemicals can be absorbed by artifacts after deposition.
Evidence for the expansion of cienegas during the late Altithermal in SE Arizona from a multi-component prehistoric site along the U.S.-Mexico border
Jason Windingstad, Robert M. Wegener, and Jesse A. M. Ballenger
Christiansen Border Village (AZ FF:9:10 [ASM]) is a multi-component prehistoric site (San Pedro through late Formative) on the United States–Mexico border be¬tween Naco and Douglas in Cochise County, Arizona. Data recovery efforts by Statistical Research, Inc. (SRI), were sponsored by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and were initiated in an attempt to mitigate current and future impacts to the site as a result of existing road improvement, road maintenance, and border fence construction. The site is located on a low late Pleistocene terrace on the east side of Christiansen Wash (a tributary of White Water Draw). Subsurface testing quickly revealed the presence of a buried dark, organic rich, cienega deposit adjacent to an abandoned channel on the eastern side of the terrace tread. In order to place this deposit and any associated cultural occupations in a paleoenvironmental context and incorporate it into a regional geomorphic frame¬work, radiocarbon dates were obtained from the shells of the minute gastropod taxon Succinea sp. along with bulk soil humate dates from the cienega proper. Cienega formation began around 4900–4720 and continued to 3630–3370 cal B.C. (Middle Archaic). The cor¬relation of these dates with other paleoclimatic proxies in southeastern Arizona such as White Water Draw, the San Pedro River, and pluvial lake Cochise, suggests a regional increase in moisture during the late Altithermal. Riparian communities likely expanded at this time providing additional subsistence opportunities for Middle Archaic groups.
A Preliminary Analysis of Bison Remains at University Indian Ruin
Sara Wolff, Paul Fish, Suzanne Fish, James Watson, Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman, and Rachael Byrd
Recent excavations at the Hohokam Classic period (A.D. 1150-1450) platform mound site of University Indian Ruin (AZ BB:9:33 [ASM]) uncovered remains of Bison bison from a room neighboring the central platform mound. The material is fragmented, partially burned, exhibits cut-marks, and is part of a larger assemblage of artifacts that, by analogy with contemporaneous contexts at the Marana platform mound site, could correspond to formal 'closure' of the room. Remains of bison have been documented from a several other contexts in southern Arizona, but the historic natural range is often cited as not having extended much past the border with New Mexico, almost 100 miles to the east. Both the presence and specific contexts in which bison have been found in Classic period Hohokam sites is significant.
Sourcing Homol'ovi I and Grasshopper Pueblo Turquoise through Lead and Strontium Isotopic Analyses
Saul L. Hedquist, Alyson Thibodeau, E. Charles Adams, David Killick, and J. Jefferson Reid
High-precision measurements of lead and strontium isotopes have been shown to discriminate between turquoise sources in the American Southwest. This study employs a recently developed geochemical and geological framework of paired isotopic measurements to determine the source(s) of turquoise recovered from Homol'ovi I and Grasshopper Pueblo in an effort to better understand processes of turquoise procurement and exchange during late prehistory. Selected turquoise samples are analyzed to investigate 1) if one or multiple geologic sources are represented at Homol'ovi I and Grasshopper Pueblo, 2) if intrasite dispersal patterns are evident, and 3) the associated implications regarding regional patterns of interaction and exchange in the American Southwest.
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Ranching, Rendering, and Regional Economies in the North American Southwest
Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman
Introduced Eurasian livestock played a central role in colonial-period interactions between European and Native peoples. In the Southwest, Spanish colonialism was dependent upon Native labor and the successful introduction of Eurasian domestic animals and ranching practices. Successful ranching enterprises at missions ensured support for later colonial enterprises, and ultimately supported the emergence of global economic interactions. Zooarchaeological and ethnohistorical evidence from two eighteenth-century missions in the Pimería Alta (southern Arizona and nor thern Sonora) demonstrate that Native labor supported a mission-based ranching and tallow rendering enterprise that supported the expanding regional colonial economy.
Human Predation and Lagomorph Populations at Chevelon Pueblo
Stephanie Reyes
This research explores the possible consequences of human predation on lagomorph populations around Chevelon Pueblo (1290-1400 C.E.), a part ofthe Homol'ovi site cluster in northern Arizona. We hypothesize that pressure from Chevelon hunters may have caused an evolutionary shift in the main prey base—cottontails and jackrabbits—towards faster individuals better able to evade predation. Cottontail and jackrabbit bones from Chevelon Pueblo that are indicative of size and speed were measured and compared through time. Preliminary results do not indicate a significant change for any element except the cottontail mandible, which was significantly smaller in the Early period than in either the Middle or Late periods. This shift could be due to a number of factors, including hunting practices or anthropogenic landscape changes.
Lead and Strontium as Isotopic Tracers of Turquoise: An Example from the Tucson Basin
Alyson M. Thibodeau, John T. Chesley, David Killick, and Joaquin Ruiz
Despite many decades of research, there remains no consensus regarding how to best identify the geologic source of turquoise recovered from archaeological sites in the Southwest U.S.A. and Mexico. Using over 200 lead and strontium isotopic measurements on turquoise from over a dozen deposits across the Southwest, we present what we argue is a robust geochemical and geological framework for discriminating between important turquoise sources. This framework has the potential to be widely applied across the Southwest and Mexico to answer questions relating to turquoise procurement and exchange. To demonstrate the efficacy of this technique, we also present lead and strontium isotopic measurements of turquoise artifacts found at Redtail Village, a Hohokam site in the Tucson Basin occupied during the Colonial Period (~AD 750-1150). Redtail Village is a significant site because it may have been a locus for the manufacture and distribution of turquoise objects in the Hohokam region at an early date. We identify the Silver Bell Mountains as the probable (and single) source of the turquoise at Redtail Village.


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House of Hush is a Batman storyline written by Paul Dini and illustrated by Dustin Nguyen. It is the third and concluding arc of Dini's Batman: Streets of Gotham series, following his second storyline Leviathan. This
House of Hush is a Batman storyline written by Paul Dini and illustrated by Dustin Nguyen. It is the third and concluding arc of Dini's Batman: Streets of Gotham series, following his second storyline Leviathan. This ties up plot threads started in Dini's first arc Hush Money, where a surgically altered Hush is imprisoned and forced to live as the missing Bruce Wayne.
Hush grows increasingly tired of pretending to be Bruce Wayne. He is forced to stay in Elliot Manor, which gives him an opportunity to read journals detailing his mother Marla Elliot's obsession with Martha Wayne. Littly Italy and Mister ZZZ pick up an old gangster named Judson Pierce who is being released from prison. Pierce swears to put a bullet in Bruce Wayne's head.[1]
Hush uses his influence to campaign for Jane Doe to be released from Arkham, but he fails. Pierce explains to Italy and ZZZ that he has a vendetta against the Wayne family, and calls Sallie Guzzo to put together a hit. Hush attends a social function as Bruce Wayne with Zatanna making sure he doesn't step out of line. Jane Doe starts a breakout at Arkham by impersonating a guard, and Zatanna is forced to leave. Alfred is driving Hush home when another car drives them off the road and Judson Pierce begins shooting at them.[2]
The real Bruce Wayne returns to Gotham after his year missing and becomes Batman again. He takes down a sleepwalking Harley Quinn, who he does not know is being controlled by Bedbug. This leads to a confrontation with his old girlfriend Catwoman. They share a loving embrace, but Catwoman is angry that it took Bruce this long to tell her he was back. Judson Pierce believes he has captured Bruce Wayne, and explains his history with the Waynes to Hush. The Waynes stood in his way when he tried to buy out Leslie Thompkins. Hush escapes, beats his captors, and reveals his true identity. He explains that he hates the Waynes so much, he is willing to help Pierce destroy them.[3]
Bruce Wayne enjoys returning to the streets, although he realizes that he should leave Gotham to Dick Grayson. There is a giant mob of sleepwalkers flooding the streets and stealing things. Batman shuts down the signal controlling them, then confronts the culprit Bedbug nearby. Bedbug insists that this is only a small display of his power, and he has infected all of Gotham with his bugs. Batman knocks Bedbug down and tries to look underneath his mask, but Bedbug covers Batman in his bugs and escapes. Pierce tells Hush that working with Martha Kane at Leslie Thompkins' clinic was what made Thomas Wayne finally sober up and romance Martha Kane. The gangsters turned to Karl Hellfern, now known as Doctor Death, to wipe out the hospital and make it look like an accident. They take Hush to the lair of Doctor Death, who floods it with nerve gas as soon as they enter.[4]
Hush is prepared for this and the men are all wearing gas masks. They threaten Doctor Death into cooperating, and he agrees to help. Hush asks why Little Italy is uncomfortable, and Italy explains that he's not used to costumed super-villains. Italy tells the story of an encounter he had with the Joker in his youth. When the Joker was just starting out, he mutilated Sallie Guzzo and made Italy watch. Hush assures Little Italy that the Joker is next on his hit list. Batman and Catwoman team up to track down Hush. They investigate the Busker's Club, where Thomas Wayne decided to leave his party animal life behind forever and settle down with Martha Kane. Catwoman tells Batman that she can walk away if he doesn't know what he wants. Batman grabs her and passionately kisses her, while Bedbug creepily watches outside.[5]
Bedbug attacks Batman and Wonder Woman at the Busker's Club. Batman kills his bugs with a freeze weapon. Catwoman laments that Bedbug interrupted the best kiss of her life. Batman and Catwoman are shot at by police controlled by Bedbug, but Batman easily knocks them out. Bedbug decides that he should lay low for awhile. Hush and his cohorts use the Bruce Wayne disguise to gain access to Wayne Enterprises with a hostage. Doctor Death is tasked with making a new poison for them, and he recalls his origins. Hellfern was called in to wipe out the Thompkins Clinic by Guzzo, Pierce, and Roger Elliot. He developed a virulent strain of fever that would kill in 12 hours, to be spread through vermin. They were spotted by an orphan while releasing the vermin, and decided to use the orphan as a carrier instead. This child was beaten unconscious and left in front of the clinic. Thomas Wayne revived the child in time for him to warn them of the virus. Wayne called in emergency services and was able to develop a cure before anyone died. In desperation, Guzzo drove everyone to the clinic and blew up the tenement next door using gasoline. Thomas Wayne's friend John Zatara arrived with the Justice Society to put out the fire. This was the first time that super-heroes arrived in Gotham, and it marked the beginning of an era. The criminals kidnapped the orphan who could identify them, and decided to kill him. Roger Elliot tried to stop them, but Judson Pierce shot him and drove away. Doctor Death reflects on the years since then he has spent fighting Batman. It's revealed that he plans to use the poison gas on Hush and the others. Hush anticipates this and knocks him out from behind.[6]
Hush shoots Judson Pierce, because his father was terrified of Pierce. Pierce asks if this is because he shot Roger Elliot, and Hush replies that he didn't know that until just now. Hush leaves Doctor Death and Pierce locked in a room to die. It is revealed that Hush plans to flood Wayne Tower with Doctor Death's poison gas. Hush decides to kill Little Italy and Mister ZZZ, but finds them knocked out already. It is revealed that their hostage Jeffrey Carter was actually Jane Doe in disguise. Jane Doe explains her admiration for Bruce Wayne, then cuts off Hush's surgically altered Bruce Wayne face and begins wearing it. Batman bursts in and takes down Jane Doe. Alfred saves the lives of Doctor Death and Judson Pierce. It is revealed that Sallie Guzzo sold out Pierce and was the reason he spent time in prison. Batman takes pity on Pierce, whose only reason for living was to kill a man he never met. Pierce is returned to Blackgate Penitentiary. The exposure to Death's chemicals has burned out his cancer and turned him into a powerful skeleton figure, now calling himself Skel. Hush now has no face, and is forced to wear his bandages at all times. Batman places Hush in Arkham Asylum, where they don't believe his story and diagnose him as having an unhealthy obsession with Bruce Wayne.[7]
- Batman: Streets of Gotham #14
- Batman: Streets of Gotham #16
- Batman: Streets of Gotham #17
- Batman: Streets of Gotham #18
- Batman: Streets of Gotham #19
- Batman: Streets of Gotham #20
- Batman: Streets of Gotham #21
- This storyline skips issue an issue in the Batman: Streets of Gotham series, because that issue is entirely devoted to the Two-Face back-up feature The Long Way Down.[8] There is also a second back-up feature that follows this one, Ragman in Ashes to Ashes.[3]
- This story reveals how Thomas and Martha Wayne became romantically involved for the first time.
Recommended Reading
- Batman Recommended Reading
- Batman (Volume 1)
- Batman (Volume 2)
- Batman (Volume 3)
- Batman and Robin (Volume 1)
- Batman and Robin (Volume 2)
- Batman Confidential (Volume 1)
- Batman: Gotham Knights (Volume 1)
- Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight (Volume 1)
- Batman: Shadow of the Bat (Volume 1)
- Batman: Streets of Gotham (Volume 1)
- Batman Incorporated (Volume 1)
- Batman Incorporated (Volume 2)
- Batman/Superman (Volume 1)
- Batman/Superman (Volume 2)
- Batman: The Dark Knight (Volume 1)
- Batman: The Dark Knight (Volume 2)
- The Brave and the Bold (Volume 1)
- Detective Comics (Volume 1)
- Detective Comics (Volume 2)
- Superman/Batman (Volume 1)
- World's Finest (Volume 1)
- Hush Recommended Reading
- Batman: Hush
- Batman: Hush Returns
- Batman: Heart of Hush
- Batman: Hush Money
- Batman: The House of Hush
- Batman Beyond: Hush Beyond
Links and References
|Batman Family Storyline
This event or storyline is specifically related to Batman, or to members of the Batman Family. This template will automatically categorize articles that include it into the Batman Storylines category.


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Inspired by Victor Hugo's classic, "Les Miserables," " A Little in Love" beautifully conveys the heartbreaking story of street girl Eponine. Paris, 1832 A girl lies alone in the darkness, clutching a letter to her heart. Eponine remembers being a child: her swing and the peach tree, and the baby brother she loved. But mostly she remembers being miserable. Taught to lie and cheat, and to hate the one girl, Cosette, who might have been her friend. Now, at sixteen, the two girls meet again, and Eponine has one more chance. But what is the price of friendship--the love of a boy?
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Baan Talay Samran
Beautiful 3 story beach villa with 4 bedrooms set in a quiet and peaceful development. Surrounded by tropical gardens there are 3 swimming pools and a private spa attached to your villa. Pure escapism in the Thai resort of Cha-am
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Previously I was only promoting my own beach villa in
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However, as business has been going quite well I also look after rentals of my neighbours villas. I have 2, 3 and 4 bedroom villas available. Please contact email@example.com for details and availability.
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Initially I plan to offer this service for free but as the business builds up and owners receive more bookings through this website then I will be applying some fees.


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