text:
Global Arbitration Review - Arbitration News, Features and Reviews
Last verified on Wednesday 21st March 2018
Luxembourg is party to the New York Convention. The Convention was approved by the Law of 20 May 1983. The Law specifies that the Convention will apply on the basis of reciprocity for the recognition and enforcement of arbitration awards made in the territory of another contracting state.
Luxembourg is also party to the European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of 1961, the ICSID Convention of 1965 and the Convention on Conciliation and Arbitration within the OSCE of 1992.
The Luxembourg New Civil Procedure Code (the NCPC) contains a specific section dedicated to arbitration (title I, Book III, Part II). This section was extended by the Law of 24 February 2012 with new provisions regarding mediation. However, no change was made with respect to arbitration provisions.
Articles 1224 to 1251 of the NCPC are the relevant legislation governing arbitration in Luxembourg.
It is not directly based on the UNCITRAL Model Law, but some provisions are similar.
Luxembourg legislation does not provide for any different rules applicable for domestic arbitration and for international arbitration; the provisions of the NCPC apply to all arbitration proceedings governed by Luxembourg law.
The main body for arbitration in Luxembourg is the Arbitration Centre of the Chamber of Commerce of Luxembourg (the Arbitration Centre), which offers interesting facilities and handles numerous institutional arbitration cases each year. The Arbitration Centre applies its own arbitration rules that are similar to the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) rules and is governed by an Arbitration Council, which comprises the following members: the president of the National Luxembourg Committee of the ICC, the national member of the Arbitration Court of the ICC, the president of the Luxembourg Bar Association, the director of the Chamber of Commerce and the president of the Auditors Institute (Institut des Réviseurs d'Entreprise – IRE).
This Arbitration Council does not itself decide on disputes or act as an arbitrator. It is more of an administrative body that acts in a supervisory capacity, in accordance with its arbitration rules.
Any arbitration done at the Arbitration Centre will be governed by the arbitration rules of the Centre.
Foreign arbitral providers can operate in Luxembourg without restrictions, and often Luxembourg is regarded as a good location for the administration of foreign international arbitration.
There is no specialist arbitration court in Luxembourg.
Issues related to arbitration proceedings that are referred to state jurisdictions are in majority referred to the president of the District Court (nomination and challenge of arbitrators, evidentiary issues, recognition and enforcement of the award).
The district courts are the jurisdictions dealing with arbitration related issues and will deal with applications for setting aside and revoking arbitration awards.
Arbitration agreements can be made before the arbitrators, by deed before a notary or by written agreement (article 1226 NCPC).
Article 1227 of the NCPC provides that the arbitration agreement must specify the subject of the dispute and the arbitrators names in order to be valid.
Arbitration agreements concluded ex ante are not required by law to be in writing, as long as evidence in writing can be provided showing that parties have agreed on a settlement by arbitration.
Anyone can compromise on rights freely disposable (cf. article 1224 NCPC). However, some matters are excluded from arbitration (for instance, disputes in relation with (i) the status and legal capacity of natural persons, (ii) the conjugal relationship, (iii) the application for divorce or legal separation, (iv) the representation of incapacitated persons). Furthermore, disputes that are subject to a mandatory attribution of jurisdiction cannot be submitted to arbitration.
In principle, the arbitration agreement only binds the parties but Luxembourg case law has confirmed that in the event of the assignment of a contract or the stipulation in favour of a third party, the arbitration clause may be enforceable against a third party.
In principle, parties which have an interest in the arbitral proceedings may join or intervene, unless otherwise provided in the arbitration rules agreed between the parties.
Article 1243 of the NCPC specifically provides that an arbitration decision may not bind a third party.
Consolidation will primarily depend on the arbitration rules chosen by the parties, as nothing is provided in the section dedicated to arbitration in the NCPC.
Groups of companies
Is the "group of companies doctrine" recognised in your jurisdiction?
Luxembourg law does generally not recognise the group of companies doctrine. The fact that a subsidiary has agreed to an arbitration agreement, does not mean that its parent company is also bound by it.
Piercing the corporate veil would, however, be possible in the event of fraud (co-mingling of assets where the subsidiary has a fictional existence, extension of the bankruptcy to the master of bankruptcy or misuse of corporate property).
There are no specific provisions in the law on the separability of arbitration agreements.
In 2003, the Court of Appeal ruled that an arbitration clause is ancillary to the principal contract and must thus be declared void where the principal contract is declared void.
Article 8-4 of the Arbitration Centre arbitration rules (version of 1 March 2014), however, expressly provides that the invalidity or inexistence of the underlying contracts does not make the arbitration agreement null and void.
The principle of competence-competence is recognised in Luxembourg, although no specific rule directly addresses the allocation of competence between courts and arbitrators.
State courts will decline jurisdiction where one of the parties shows the existence of a valid arbitration clause.
State courts would have to decline jurisdiction even if the arbitral tribunal had not yet been appointed.
Case law further confirms that the non-jurisdiction of a state jurisdiction necessarily implies the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal.
An ex post control by state courts is also available by way the grounds for annulment provided in article 1244 NCPC (see question 42). Among other possibilities, the arbitral award may be declared null and void based on the incompetence of the arbitral court or the lack of a valid arbitral agreement.
The Luxembourg rules on arbitration as provided by law are only designed to be a minimum set of rules and it is recommended to refer to a more specific set of rules that provides for all the details of the arbitration procedure.
It is generally advised to rely on a model arbitration clause made available by an international arbitration organisation (Luxembourg Arbitration Centre, ICC, LCIA, WIPO, etc).
Institutional international arbitration is frequent in Luxembourg.
There are no specific statistics on ad hoc arbitration, and it is consequently difficult to draw conclusions in this respect.
ICC rules are frequently used in institutional arbitrations in Luxembourg.
In the case of a multi-party dispute, where more than two parties have different interests, article 1227 of the NCPC provides that they will have to reach an agreement to appoint three arbitrators. Should they fail to do so, the president of the District Court will appoint the arbitrators on request of one of these three parties.
The law states that unless otherwise agreed by the parties "the rules applying to the judicial proceedings will apply" (article 1230 of the NCPC). This includes the rules regarding the commencement of proceedings and limitation periods, if nothing has been provided regarding arbitration proceedings. Usually the arbitration process is started by sending an arbitration request to the opponent, and the limitation periods will depend on the law applicable to the substance of the case.
In most cases, the parties have agreed on the substantive law governing their agreement. If not, the arbitrators will choose the substantive law according to the rules applicable in private international law.
The New Code of Civil Procedure contains no provisions on how the arbitral tribunal should decide on the substantive law of the dispute.
Regarding the structure of the arbitration court itself, the parties may freely choose the arbitrators, provided that the arbitrators chosen are impartial, independent and that the parties have reached an agreement regarding the appointed arbitrators. Often, arbitrators are chosen among lawyers, but they can also be chosen among any category of professionals relevant for the dispute resolution, such as engineers or experts. It is important to note that there is no mandatory requirement for the parties to select a specific number of arbitrators.
Non-nationals can act as arbitrators in arbitrations seated in Luxembourg or where hearings are held in Luxembourg. There are no specific requirements.
Immigration requirements may however apply for non EU nationals to legally reside on the Luxembourg territory for such purpose.
If the parties have signed an arbitration clause without having agreed on a procedure to appoint the arbitrators or where they encounter difficulties in choosing their arbitrators, the NCPC sets out rules to appoint three arbitrators. In such a situation, each party shall appoint one arbitrator and the two appointed arbitrators will then choose a third arbitrator (article 1227 of the NCPC).
Where a party fails to appoint an arbitrator or if the two appointed arbitrators fail to designate the third one, the president of the District Court will appoint, on demand of any of the parties, the missing arbitrator.
No, there are no rules providing for arbitrators immunity from suit under Luxembourg law.
No, there are no specific rules regarding the arbitration costs in the NCPC. Allocation of costs and securitisation of the payment of arbitration fees must be agreed by the parties.
An award allocating cost between the parties may be enforced after an order is granted by state courts declaring the award enforceable.
Article 1235 of the NCPC states that an arbitrator can be challenged only on grounds that have arisen after acceptance of the arbitration agreement (which has to mention the names of the arbitrators in order to be valid).
These grounds for challenging an arbitrator are the same as those relating to the state court judges set forth in article 521 of the NCPC (family relationship with parties or having written about or advised on the dispute). More generally, case law states that the lack of independence and impartiality is a ground to challenge an arbitrator (Court of Appeal, 24 November 1993, No. 14983). Challenges to arbitrators are to be brought before the District Court
The International Bar Association guidelines on conflicts of interest are also commonly used as a reference.
Types of relief
What main types of interim relief are available in respect of international arbitration and from whom (the tribunal or the courts)? Are anti-suit injunctions available where proceedings are brought elsewhere in breach of an arbitration agreement?
It has been decided by case law that an arbitration clause does not prevent a judge from granting interim relief because of the urgency of the case or because the claim does not seem to be seriously challenged (Court of Appeal, 30 January 1989, No. 11039; Court of Appeal, 25 June 1991).
Case law specifies that interim measures that would de facto be final do not qualify as interim measures and thus cannot be granted by a judge, in the context of an arbitration clause (Court of Appeal, 21 January 2009).
It has also been held that arbitration clauses have no effect with regards to summary proceedings, which therefore remain admissible (Court of Appeal, 3 June 2009). These cases specify that the parties may agree on the competence of the judge to order interim relief.
Anti-suit injunctions are not available under Luxembourg law.
Article 257 of the NCPC provides that upon request of the defendant, non-Luxembourg based applicants may be ordered to secure payments of costs and damages they may be ordered to deposit the corresponding amount (caution judicatum solvi).
In line with the general provision that when nothing is specified, the ordinary procedure applies (article 1230 NCPC), this provisional relief could be requested in the case of arbitration proceedings.
Procedural rules
Are there any mandatory rules in your jurisdiction that govern the conduct of the arbitration (eg, general duties of the tribunal and/or the parties)?
Article 1230 of the NCPC states that parties and arbitrators shall comply with the procedural rules provided for ordinary courts if the parties did not agree otherwise.
This implies the respect of all important principles governing judicial proceedings (ie, observance of the adversarial nature of proceedings, equality between parties, ensuring the rights of defence).
It has been decided that when applying these general principles, they have to be adapted to the specific nature of arbitration (Court of Appeal, 22 July 1904, No. 517).
Furthermore, the arbitration proceedings must comply with the most important procedural principle stated in article 6, section 1 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms which is the impartiality and independence of the court arbitration (Court of Appeal, 5 March 2003).
If a party fails to appoint an arbitrator, the President of the District Court will do so (article 1227 of the NCPC). The court order will then be notified within eight days to the defendant with notice to participate in the arbitration process.
The failure of a party to submit its defence, as required by article 1237 of the NCPC, does not prevent the arbitration proceedings from commencing.
Admissible evidence
What types of evidence are usually admitted, and how is evidence usually taken? Will the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration generally be taken into account?
Luxembourg law does not provide for specific rules of evidence for arbitration proceedings and consequently the general provisions of the NCPC will be applicable unless otherwise provided by the parties.
As a general principle, each party must provide the evidence of the facts. Written evidence prevails.
The arbitration court may order the parties to disclose certain documents but no arbitration decision may bind a third party.
In commercial matters, private documents, accepted invoices, correspondence, balance sheets or witness statements are often submitted as evidence (article 109 of the Commercial Code).
The IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Commercial Arbitration are not usually taken into account.
The courts could intervene in an arbitration process in relation to evidentiary matters by ordering interim measures, for instance by issuing preventive evidentiary injunctions (article 350 NCPC) or emergency evidentiary measures (article 933 NCPC).
In practice, these possibilities are rarely used in arbitration proceedings.
Potentially, the Luxembourg courts may be requested to decide on claims of forged evidence. If judicial proceedings are commenced, the arbitration proceedings are suspended.
Article 60 of the NCPC is applicable unless otherwise agreed by the parties (article 1230 NCPC). It provides that the parties have to cooperate in the investigation process conducted by the courts.
The arbitration court could issue an interim judgment ordering a party to disclose relevant documents. The enforcement of this judgment could be requested from the courts.
In addition, unless otherwise provided by the arbitration agreement, any investigation must be conducted by the entire arbitral tribunal, and investigations conducted by an arbitrator without the others will be declared null and void (article 1232 NCPC).
Under Luxembourg law, there are no specific requirements for a final hearing on the merits.
Defence rights must however be respected in arbitration proceedings, and the absence of a final hearing on the merits could potentially be a ground for voidance of the arbitration award.
Seat or place of arbitration
If your jurisdiction is selected as the seat of arbitration, may hearings and procedural meetings be conducted elsewhere?
Nothing in the law prohibits the arbitration court from holding hearings or procedural meetings outside Luxembourg. The arbitration award must however be issued in Luxembourg.
Unless the parties agree that unanimity is required for the award, the arbitration court may decide by a majority vote. Article 1237 of the NCPC expressly contemplates the situation in which a minority arbitrator does not want to sign the arbitration award. In this situation, the refusal of the minority arbitrator will be mentioned in the award.
Also, article 1238 states that when a majority cannot be reached, a "third-party arbitrator" will be appointed by the arbitrators. If they cannot agree on the "third-party arbitrator", the appointment will be made by the court and it is the "third-party arbitrator" who issues the award.
Punitive damages could be considered as contrary to Luxembourg public order and could lead to the voidance of the award under article 1244 NCPC (see question 42).
Generally speaking, any remedies or relief ordered by the arbitral tribunal, can only be enforced with the intervention of a judicial authority (article 1242 NCPC).
Please refer to question 34. Minority arbitrators who refuse to sign the award must be mentioned in the award. Nothing prohibits the expression of dissenting opinions, although it is not common practice to detail the dissenting opinions.
The arbitration award must be signed by a majority of the arbitrators to be valid.
In order to be declared enforceable by the president of the District Court, the minutes of the arbitration award must be filed with the registrar of the District Court by an arbitrator or a party (article 1241 NCPC).
Articles 1228 and 1233 of the NCPC provide for a maximum of three months for the duration of the arbitration proceedings, unless otherwise agreed by the parties to the proceedings.
Should this duration be exceeded, the arbitration award may be declared void by the courts. However, the parties have a possibility to adapt and extend the deadline in regard to their needs. The extension decided by the parties must however be clear and precise. The Luxembourg courts have decided that stating in the arbitration clause that "the arbitrator will have sufficient time to issue his arbitration award" does not mean that a specific term was agreed on by the parties. As a consequence, the arbitration award exceeding the three months maximum period was declared null and void (District Court of Luxembourg 25 January 2011).
It is important to mention that specific time limits are applicable in order to file an application to declare the award null and void (see question 42). This action must be filed within one month from the notification of the award or from the discovery of the fraud (article 1246 NCPC).
Are parties able to recover fees paid and costs incurred? Does the "loser pays" rule generally apply in your jurisdiction?
The arbitral tribunal has full discretion on the allocation of costs, unless otherwise agreed by the parties. Luxembourg procedural law does not apply the loser pays rule for the costs incurred by parties. Only reasonable judicial costs are borne by the loser. Each party pays their own lawyers fees. This is why in practice often costs are shared between the parties, unless specific circumstances justify a different splitting.
The interest is determined by the underlying contract or by the applicable substantive law. Where Luxembourg law applies, a legal interest rate would apply and would be calculated on the principal claim, and not on costs.
The only way to contest the award is to request its annulment before the District Court, on the limited list of grounds for annulment detailed in article 1244 NCPC. No appeal on the merits before the Luxembourg courts is possible.
An arbitration award can only be challenged on the grounds for annulment that are listed in article 1244 of the NCPC. The limited list of annulment grounds is as follows:
An arbitration award can only be challenged before the courts once it is final.
The Luxembourg courts decided that the right to challenge the validity of an award is a mandatory rule that the parties cannot exclude in advance (District Court of Luxembourg, 3 January 1996).
Also, the parties cannot modify the list of the grounds for annulment of the award, except the one relating to the awards reasoning (article 1244, 8° of the NCPC).
Article 1231 NCPC provides that the parties may exclude the possibility of an appeal on the merits.
Article 1251 of the NCPC provides that, subject to the provision of international conventions, a judge may refuse to enforce an award on the following grounds:
The Court of Appeal decided that the fact that an award could be set aside in the seat of arbitration does not prevent the Luxembourg court from enforcing the award since article 1251 of the NCPC does not provide for the annulment of an award in the seat of arbitration as a reason for refusing its enforcement in Luxembourg (Court of Appeal, 28 January 1999, 31, 95).
According to a Court of Appeal decision dated 25 June 2015, standard Luxembourg provisions of the NCPC do not apply since the New York Convention applies (confirmed by a recent Court of Appeal Decision No. 40105 dated 27 April 2017). Indeed, Luxembourg provisions are applicable alternatively, so that the New York Convention is exclusively applicable when the litigious award is subject to the convention.
Where the litigious award is not subject to the aforementioned convention, Luxembourg provisions of the NCPC apply and therefore, a party may not argue that proceedings for voidance are pending in the country of origin of the arbitration award in order to object to its enforcement in another country (in this case Luxembourg) (Summary Judge district court of Luxembourg, 5 May 2010).
Luxembourg courts interpret the conditions relating to a breach of public order restrictively as it must not lead to a review of the merits of the case (Court of Appeal, 26 July 2005). Indeed, Luxembourg courts strictly comply with the distinction between the "procedural review" of an arbitration award by the courts where the enforcement is sought and the review of the merits of the case by the courts where the arbitration award was issued.
Luxembourg is a "pro arbitration" jurisdiction.
Luxembourg recognises the immunity of sovereign states against enforcement. This immunity strictly applies to states and cannot be extended to public bodies of states.
Luxembourg is also party to the European Convention on State Immunity of 16 May 1972 (Basel), which states that "no measures of execution or preventive measures against the property of a contracting state may be taken in the territory of another contracting state except where and to the extent that the state has expressly consented thereto in writing in any particular case." (Article 23.)
According to a Court of Appeal decision dated 27 April 2017, state immunity cannot be successfully raised when the state entity has agreed to the arbitration proceedings.
There are no specific provisions relating to confidentiality of arbitration proceedings in Luxembourg law. It is recommended that parties agree on the confidential nature of the arbitration proceedings, and on the potential remedies attached to the breach of such confidentiality.
There are no specific provisions on the confidentiality of evidence produced and pleadings filed in arbitration proceedings. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, nothing should prohibit the parties using these documents for other proceedings.
Counsel and arbitrators are bound by the ethical codes and professional standards applicable in their home bars associations or jurisdictions. Luxembourg law does not include any provisions in this respect specifically applicable to arbitration.
Generally speaking, arbitrators must be independent and impartial (see also question 24).
Luxembourg is a civil law jurisdiction, and as a major financial centre, is familiar with international commercial arbitration.
Third-party funding
Is third-party funding permitted in your jurisdiction?
There are no legal or regulatory obstacles to third-party financing in Luxembourg. We are not aware of any judicial decision which has ruled on this aspect of arbitration so far.
Interested in contributing to this Know-how?
GAR know-how provides reliable cross-jurisdictional insight to help cement the building blocks of international practice. In this section, select experienced practitioners answer commonly asked questions for key jurisdictions so allowing readers to be better-placed to solve the challenges of their working days.
Groups of companies
Is the "group of companies doctrine" recognised in your jurisdiction?
Types of relief
What main types of interim relief are available in respect of international arbitration and from whom (the tribunal or the courts)? Are anti-suit injunctions available where proceedings are brought elsewhere in breach of an arbitration agreement?
Procedural rules
Are there any mandatory rules in your jurisdiction that govern the conduct of the arbitration (eg, general duties of the tribunal and/or the parties)?
Admissible evidence
What types of evidence are usually admitted, and how is evidence usually taken? Will the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration generally be taken into account?
Seat or place of arbitration
If your jurisdiction is selected as the seat of arbitration, may hearings and procedural meetings be conducted elsewhere?
Are parties able to recover fees paid and costs incurred? Does the "loser pays" rule generally apply in your jurisdiction?
Third-party funding
Is third-party funding permitted in your jurisdiction?


text:
Lydia Mendoza
|Background information
|May 31, 1916
Houston, Texas, United States
|December 20, 2007 (aged 91)
San Antonio, Texas, United States
|Tejano, Conjunto
|Singer, guitarist
|Twelve-string guitar
Lydia Mendoza (May 31, 1916 – December 20, 2007) was an American guitarist and singer of Tejano, conjunto, and traditional Mexican-American music. She is known as "La Alondra de la Frontera" (or "The Lark of the Border" in English).
Early life
Mendoza was born on May 31, 1916, in Houston, Texas. She learned to sing and play stringed instruments from her mother and grandmother.[1]
Recording career
In 1928, as part of the family group, Cuarteto Carta Blanca, she made her first recordings for the Okeh Records label in San Antonio, Texas.[1]
In the early 1930s, Mendoza came to the attention of Manuel J. Cortez, a pioneer of Mexican-American radio broadcasting.[2] Her live radio performances set the stage for her 1934 recordings on the Bluebird Records label, a subsidiary of RCA Victor. Her recording, "Mal Hombre", became an overnight success and led to an intensive schedule of touring and recording.[1]
After World War II, Mendoza recorded for many of the major Mexican-American record labels mostly located in Texas including DLB Records and Norteno Records both based in San Antonio. Mendoza sang and played her signature 12-string guitar live at the University of California - Berkeley in 1982, considered by many fans and critics as one of her most outstanding performances at 66 years old. A listening of her "bandera" (flagship or breakthrough) recording of "Mal Hombre" in 1934 followed by her 1982 live version of the song almost 50 years later showcases the maturation of her voice and soulful depth over the decades. Mendoza's 1982 concert was released in 2001 as the album "La Alondra De La Frontera - Live!". She continued actively performing and recording until a stroke in 1988 slowed her schedule down.[3] Many of her recordings are still available including those issued by DLB Records founded by Salome Gutierrez, R. a San Antonio, Texas-based label specializing in South Texas Spanish language music and Arhoolie Records, a California-based label specializing in the release of regional forms of American music.
Awards and honors
Over the years, Lydia Mendoza was the recipient of numerous awards and honors. She was a recipient of a 1982 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.[4] That year's fellowships were the first bestowed by the NEA, and Mendoza was the first Texan to receive that award. In 1999, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts; in 2001, she received that year's Lifetime Achievement Award from Folk Alliance International;[5][6] and in 2003, she was among the second group of recipients to be awarded the Texas Medal of Arts by the Texas Cultural Trust.[7][8][9]
Lydia Mendoza died on December 20, 2007, in San Antonio, Texas, at the age of 91. She is interred at San Fernando Cemetery in San Antonio.[10]
A Texas Historical Commission Marker number 16BX04 was approved for Lydia Mendoza's grave in February 2016.
Lydia Mendoza discography, on Victor label: Source: Discography of American Historical Recordings, UC Santa Barbara [11]
- Recorded March 27, 1934
- Vocalist and instrumental as part of Cuarteto Monterrey por la Familia Mendoza
- "Ojitos de mi chata"
- "Por tus amores"
- "Ojitos negros y chinos"
- "La china"
- "Para que necesitas a mi amor"
- "Castos sueños"
- Vocal solo, with guitar
- "Mal hombre" (also as lyricist/composer)[12]
- "Al pié de tu reja"[12]
- "No puedo dejar de quererte"[12]
- "Lejos"
- "La última copa"
- "Lamento borincano"
- Recorded August 10, 1934
- Vocal solo, with guitar
- "Sigue adelante"
- "Lidya"
- "Viviré para ti"
- "Pero hay que triste"
- "Los besos de mi negra"
- "Mundo engañoso"
- Lidya Mendoza y Cuarteto Mendoza, vocal and instrument
- "No me anuncies"
- "Toma este puñal"
- "China de los ojos negros"
- "Si estás dormida"
- "María, María"
- "Una rancherita"
- Recorded January 31, 1935
- Solo with guitar
- "Siempre te vás"
- "La mujer del puerto" (playing both guitar and mandolin)
- "As de corazones"
- "La cumbancha"
- "Temo"
- "La casteñita"
- "El lirio "
- "Deliciosa"
- Recorded February 1, 1935
- Lidya Mendoza y Familia, quartet leader, vocal and instrumental[13]
- "Panchita" (also songwriter)[14]
- "El muchacho alegre"
- "Traje mi caballo prieto"
- "Díos vendiga" (also songwriter)[14]
See also
- ^ a b c "Lydia Mendoza". NEA National Heritage Fellowships. National Endowment for the Arts. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ "Tejano Roots - The Women". Benson Latin American Collection. University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on January 29, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ Acosta, Teresa Palomo. "Lydia Mendoza". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ "NEA National Heritage Fellowships 1982". www.arts.gov. National Endowment for the Arts. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "Lydia Mendoza 2001 Folk Alliance International Lifetime Achievement Award Recipient". youtube.com. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Folk Alliance International Lifetime Achievement Awards". folk.org. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ Associated Press. "Talented Texans to be honored," Houston Chronicle, February 7, 2003, page 2.
- ^ "Thanks for telling the story of Texas through the arts" (editorial), Austin American-Statesman, February 9, 2003.
- ^ "Legislature honors 13 artists, patrons," San Antonio Express-News, March 26, 2003, page 2B.
- ^ "The passing of Lydia Mendoza". richmond.edu. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
- ^ "Lydia Mendoza (vocalist)". DAHR: Discography of American Historical Recordings. University of California at Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ a b c "Lydia Mendoza (lyricist)". DAHR: Discography of American Historical Recordings. University of California at Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 5, 2017."Lydia Mendoza (composer)". DAHR: Discography of American Historical Recordings. University of California at Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ "Lydia Mendoza (leader)". DAHR: Discography of American Historical Recordings. University of California at Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ a b "Lydia Mendoza (songwriter)". DAHR: Discography of American Historical Recordings. University of California at Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
External links
- a profile of Lydia Mendoza on National Public Radio
- John Burnett, Lydia Mendoza: The First Lady Of Tejano, National Public Radio
- Obituary in SF Gate
- [1] Crazy Heart (2009) Soundtrack, "Mal Hombre" (1934)
- U.S. Postal Service Launches Music Icons Series with Stamp Honoring Tejano Music Trailblazer Lydia Mendoza

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Monika Crochet
Cat and Dog Egg Cozies - Perfect Gift for Couple
Regular price $16.00
Dress up your table with cute little cat and dog egg cozies!
This listing is for one beautiful set of one cat and one dog egg cozies.
Material: 100% Cotton Yarn
If you would like to order more than 2 egg warmers, please contact me for a custom order...I love custom orders!


text:
Making Civil Rights Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1936-1961
reviewed by Scott Baker - 1995
Title: Making Civil Rights Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1936-1961
Author(s): Mary V. Tushnet
Publisher: Oxford University Press, Oxford
ISBN: 0195104684, Pages: , Year: 1995
Search for book at Amazon.com
A half-century ago, Gunnar Myrdal argued that America was moving toward a resolution of its racial dilemma--the contradiction between the creed of equality and the practice of racial discrimination. For many, the legal victories of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in Brown v. Board of Education and other cases offered important support for Myrdal's contention. Influenced by Myrdal's conception of the racial issue as a moral one, Richard Kluger's history of the NAACP's legal campaign against segregation, Simple Justice, portrayed the Supreme Court as the conscience of the nation, and concluded that NAACP litigation resolved the American dilemma by establishing "equality in fact as well as law."[1] While Kluger argued that the legal campaign was an "unproblematic success," Mark V. Tushnet contends that "the course of civil rights litigation in the 1940's and 1950's was not smooth" (p. 3). Tushnet's analysis of Thurgood Marshall's work as the NAACP's chief strategist and litigator between 1936 and 1961 recasts the American dilemma in legal... (preview truncated at 150 words.)
To view the full-text for this article you must be signed-in with the appropriate membership. Please review your options below:


text:
Special Award Winners
2017 Show Grand Champion Award
Florida SunCoast Orchids
American Orchid Society's Show Trophy
Theme: Music to the Eyes Display created by: Michael Polen (Art Stones Orchids)
Best in Cattleya Alliance
C. Fire Magic 'Krull-Smith' (C. Tokyo Magic x C. Fire Fantasy) exhibited by: Sharon Kahnoski
Best in Vandaceous Alliance
Vanda [(Fuchs Sunrise x Fuchs Horizon) x Tarru Gold) exhibited by: Florida SunCoast Orchids
Best in Cypripedioideae
Paph. Grecian Maid 'Ponkan' AM/AOS exhibited by: Krull-Smith
Best in Dendrobieae
Den. Caesar (Dendrobium phalaenopsis x Dendrobium stratiotes) exhibited by: Charlie Rogg
Best in Oncidiinae
Oncostele Wildcat (Oncostele Rustic Bridge x Oncidium Crowborough (1965)) exhibited by: Coreley Plasek
Best in Cymbidieae & Best of Other Genera
Clowesia Grace Dunn (Clowesia warczewitzii x Clowesia rosea) exhibited by: Carol Nissen
Best Specimen – Species Plant
E. cordigera exhibited by: Palmer Orchids
Best Specimen – Hybrid
Eyv. Phoenix (B. nodosa x E. phoenicea) exhibited by: Florida SunCoast Orchids
Subscribe To Our Newsletter
Join our mailing list to receive the latest news and updates from our society.
Members please note: You are already subscribed!


text:
Hi there makeup lovers,
So I am starting ANOTHER series here at Starrzbeauty all about BEAUTY HACKS! This series will be all about beauty tips and tricks that I absolutely love! I'm here to share!
So today I wanted to share my first beauty hack, a beauty tip that saved my life. Well, my beauty life at least. It also saved my wallet, and who doesn't like to save a bit of money? Anyway, I'm going to teach you how to get any colour liner you want, without having to go out and buy so many different coloured liners that you'll probably use only once!
Create looks like these with whatever colour you want:
All you need is a pigment/ glitter of your choice and some eye drops (any brand will do)!
In the lid of the pigment, put a small amount of product. You then squeeze one drop of the eye drops into the lid.
Now mix in the product with the eye drops! Keep adding more pigment or eye drops until you get a consistency that you find easy to work with. I find that a thicker consistency gives a better colour payoff so I mix pigment into one drop of the eye drop solution until just before the solution becomes saturated. You can mix using any tool you want, I usually just use the eyeliner brush I will use to create the look. The eyeliner brush in the picture is by Morphe Brushes!
And that's it! Your custom eyeliner is ready to go!
I love this trick and use it on almost a daily basis! I find that this is a great way to spice up any kind of natural makeup look! My boyfriend especially loves it when I create a gold eyeliner using the gold pigment in the pictures above, by Collection. Hopefully you guys will love this little trick too!
Let me know what you guys think! If you try this yourself, don't forget to send me a picture (firstname.lastname@example.com) to put on the Makeup Looks page here at Starrzbeauty!
I also have an exciting opportunity for you guys! I have joined up with Born Pretty Store to bring you guys some reviews on some of their products within the next week! They have a wide range of brilliant makeup, nail art, accessories and more, all at a very, very affordable price! They also ship worldwide for free! So keep an eye out for my reviews and check out their site here!
I also have a special coupon for you guys to get you 10% off their already amazingly affordable prices! Just enter the code SZH10 at the checkout for 10% off!
And more exciting news! If 10 of you guys purchase off their website using this code, they will organize a GIVEAWAY with me for you guys! How cool is that?! They truly are such a great company!
Love you guys,
Starrzbeauty xoxo


text:
Heads up! We're working hard to be accurate – but these are unusual times, so please always check before heading out.
10 cultural getaways around Catalonia in 2017
Castles, prehistoric villages, modernista buildings, big monasteries and small churches – just some of the places where you can get to know Catalan heritage
Catalonia has always been considered a crossroads of cultures. Its geographical location had a lot to do with it: Greeks, Romans, Visigoths, Moors and Carolingians all fought over this sunny city by the sea. Each civilisation left its mark. Catalonia has also produced renowned artists such as Dalí, Miró and Gaudí, as well as being Picasso's home for many years, and stands out for its unique Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles. So it was no easy task coming up with a list of just ten cultural experiences, but we did manage to do it.
1. High in the mountains and in-depth
This ten-day trip is in an awesome highland setting, where you'll discover the villages, art and nature of the Val d'Aran and Pallars Sobirà regions. The trip offers an endless number of activities and experiences – visiting museums, mines or even a caviar factory, going hot-air ballooning, learning how to cook Pyrenean food, and canyoning. You'll also get to visit one of the most important examples of Romanesque architecture on the planet and World Heritage Site in the Vall de Boí, and lose yourself in the magnificent and spectacular Aigüestortes and Estany de Sant Maurici National Park. A absolute delight to the senses.
2. The monumental city of Solsona
With over a thousand years of history, Solsona, capital of the Solsonès region, preserves its monumental centre, as well as various sites and activities that make it especially attractive to visitors, such as its cathedral, deep-rooted folklore, knife-making traditions, artisanal foods, and an ancient ice well, to name a few. To ensure you don't miss out on anything, sign up for one of various guided tours, which are offered at the weekends, all year round, and start at 11am.
3. The landscape of geniuses
In a small region in southern Catalonia, you'll find many places related to four major 20th-century artists: Antoni Gaudí, Joan Miró, Pau Casals and Pablo Picasso. The Landscape of Geniuses is a recommended itinerary that invites you to discover where the classical musician Pau Casals was born in El Vendrell; the modern Gaudí Centre in Reus; the village of Mont-Roig, where there's a space dedicated to Miró; and Horta de Sant Joan, the village where Picasso was inspired. In a nutshell, this is a great getaway if you want to immerse yourself in the life and work of four geniuses as well as discover some hidden corners of the Costa Daurada and Terres de l'Ebre.
4. Architecture and landscape in the La Garrotxa region and Palamós
This two-day tour helps you to discover La Garrotxa, one of the most unique regions in Catalonia thanks to its volcanic origins, as well as a typical fishing village called Palamós on the Costa Brava. On the second day you're accompanied by an architect who explains, in an innovative way, different interventions in the landscape. The trip takes you on a tour around the towns of Olot, Santa Pau, and La Fajeda d'en Jordà, among others, and includes food, accommodation in a four-star hotel, a visit to wineries, and wine and olive oil tastings.
5. Alcanar and the Iberian legacy
In one of the most southerly towns of Catalonia, Alcanar, an important archeological site has been preserved from Iberian times – or more precisely, Ilercavon at these latitudes – called Moleta and Remei Archeological Park. It's made up of a settlement and a Cultural Study Centre of the Iberians, the Casa O'Connor Museum, which includes over 160 original works from between the 7th and 2nd centuries AD.
6. The world of Gaudí in Reus
This is a trip that combines relaxing and culture. The Termes Montbrió hotel is considered one of the best resorts and spas in Europe, and during this break you'll be able to enjoy its fantastic installations and thermal baths. You'll also have access to the Gaudí Centre in Reus, a modern centre dedicated to the architectural genius. Antoni Gaudí spent his childhood in this city, and despite never having built in it, many of its buildings remind us of him. If you're interested in modernisme, Reus is home to numerous buildings designed in this architectural style.
7. Les Garrigues: Castles, Macià and olive oil
On this two-day trip, you'll discover most of what's on offer in Les Garrigues, an inland region of Catalonia. You'll visit three castles, a couple of wineries, an Iberian fortress, an olive oil mill, and the Espai Macià, a study centre dedicated to the former president of the Generalitat (Catalan government) during the Second Republic. Meals based on regional products and recipes complete this first-class historical and gastronomical trip.
8. Cistercian monasteries: History and wine
Embark on an eight-day in-depth tour of three of the most culturally and historically important monasteries in Catalonia – Poblet (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), Santes Creus and Vallbona de les Monges – as well as the rich land that surrounds them and its intense relationship with the world of wine. During your stay you'll visit various wineries and go on a few tastings. This trip is perfect for those who love walking, as you'll do most of the visiting on foot. On the last day you'll visit Tarragona and discover the Roman Tarraco – also a World Heritage Site – and for those who fancy it, do some shopping or go for a swim in the Med.
9. Castles in Lleida
Take some time to visit a few of the numerous medieval castles in the regions of La Segarra, Urgell and La Noguera, near Lleida. They bear witness to what these lands were like in ancient times: a frontier region where having a good defence network was really important. There are over 30 castles in the area, some of which are still in great shape and can be visited. The economical 3 Castles Pack allows you to visit three out of four castles (Montsonís, Montclar, Florejacs, Vicfred) and includes a tour guide for each.
10. Picasso and Horta de Sant Joan
Pablo Picasso once said that everything he knew he learned in Horta de Sant Joan, a town in the Terra Alta region. He stayed there twice: once for eight months between 1898 and 1899 while recovering from scarlet fever, and another time in the summer of 1909, immersing himself in artistic creation. The landscapes around Horta enamoured and inspired Picasso, and when you go there you'll understand why: Santa Barbara mountain, the Pàndols-Cavalls mountain range, the views from the Convent of Sant Salvador... And you certainly shouldn't miss out on the Picasso Centre, which exhibits almost 200 works by the artist that he created in the region, as well as the facsimiles of paintings he made in Paris and New York but which were clearly inspired by this corner of inland Catalonia.


text:
Like many foods and medications, vitamin supplements can change the characteristics of your urine. Most urinary changes, including those caused by vitamins, aren't cause for concern. Talk to your doctor before starting or altering any vitamin or supplement regimen, especially if any of your vitamins are prescription or if you take other medications.
Color Changes
Changes in color are some of the most common urinary effects of vitamins. If you're staying hydrated, your urine should appear clear or a pale yellow color most of the time. Riboflavin, or vitamin B-2, found in many multivitamins and B-complex supplements, can turn your urine bright yellow or yellow-green. High levels of vitamin C can give your urine an orange hue. These are harmless side effects.
Odor Changes
Your urine may smell strange after you begin taking certain vitamins. As with color, B vitamins are the likely culprit for odor changes that aren't attributed to anything else, though any vitamins you're taking can alter the smell of your urine. B vitamins often give urine a "vitamin-y" smell, so if you've noticed your urine smells similar to your daily supplement itself, that's likely why.
Urine Frequency
Most people urinate four to eight times per day, according to Harvard Medical School. You may notice you're going to the bathroom more frequently if you're taking vitamin C. The vitamin is water-soluble -- your body doesn't store it -- so any excess is excreted through your body's waste systems. Vitamin C acts as a diuretic, meaning it helps your body eliminate excess fluids. Up your water intake if you notice you're urinating more often to prevent yourself from getting dehydrated, especially if your urine is darker than usual or smells like ammonia.
You shouldn't ignore certain urinary changes. You may have a urinary tract infection if your urine has a foul smell, particularly if it's associated with burning, frequency or urgency. Urine that smells sweet can be an early sign of diabetes or a sign of Maple syrup urine disease if it smells like syrup. Vaginal infections, metabolic diseases and liver diseases can also change the smell of your urine. Vitamins won't cause back pain, fever or painful urination, but these symptoms can be signs of an infection. While dehydration can lead to dark urine, hepatitis can also cause this color change, so make an appointment with your doctor if your urine is persistently dark, even after upping your fluid intake.


text:
Posted files under 'parade'
~*~Tokyo Disney Land~*~
While in Tokyo on our free day, a few of my peers and I ventured off to see Tokyo Disneyland! I have been to Disney World in Orland, Fl when I was 14, and I had an amazing time. I was curious to see if Tokyo Disneyland would meet my expectations and be just as exciting as it was when I went with my family. When we first arrived, we were so excited to have made it there on our own! After purchasing our tickets, and I was glad they took Visa, we walked through the gates and through World Bazzar! There were plenty of shopping stores. This area was covered by a plexiglass canopy. The park was very clean and so pretty! After walking out of Bazzar World, you can see Cinderalla's Castle. There was also a parade passing by with Minnie and Mickie on the Easter float. In Japan, Easter lasts for a month and it was an Easter Celebration going on.
Then after watching the parade, we went to one of our first rides. It was the Star Tours ride. I rode this ride when I went to the Disney World in Orland, FL as well. This was a simulated ride and it was really fun. The only thing about riding the rides here in Japan is that everything is in Japanese, so I did not know what they were saying! Another thing about Japan, there are tons of people, and the lines for the rides were ridiculously long!! We did not have to wait that long for this ride though! We then went to Toon Town and along the way, stopped at a concession stand that sold various toys and gadgets, hats and Mickey/Minnie mouse ears! I bought a pair later on that evening for a souvenir! Many people had these ears on at the part too!
Since some of us wanted to ride the rides and others wanted to go to the shows, we split up into groups. We went on another roller coaster ride and waited in the line for almost an hour and then went to another ride and waited for over 2 hours. It seemed like we never was going to get to the ride! That is why when going to an amusement park as such, you need a whole week just to do everything, but I'm glad I got the chance to go. Also at the park, we stopped to get some waffles! They were in the shape of Mickey Mouse and was covered in strawberry and custer with cool whip! It was delicious! After eating and riding a few rides because the lines were just too long, we decided to leave the park. We did not get a chance to see the fireworks or the electronic parade but a couple of my peers said the parade was really nice with all the lights on the floats and that the fireworks were not that great. Overall I still think the Disney World in the US is way better but I had a great time and enjoyed the beautiful park in Tokyo!
2 comments June 4, 2010


text:
Zia Mian | Petrojam: The story that might help to make an informed decision
In the last column (Sunday Gleaner – February 3, 2019), I asked a few simple questions about the Kingston refinery. The first column in this series (Sunday Gleaner – January 27, 2019), provided some insight into the two basic questions that I summarise below:
a) Why did Esso build a refinery in Jamaica?
i. Esso owned the crude oil production in Venezuela.
ii. The Amway refinery in Venezuela provided intermediary products that were added to the crude oil before shipping it to Jamaica.
iii. Margins on crude oil and products it supplied from Venezuela were sufficient to support the financial viability of a simple downstream refining operation.
iv. Differentials in the freight rates for clean and dirty-oil tankers provided an incentive to ship spiked crude oil to process at a simple hydro-skimming refinery.
v. Esso would have the monopoly over the supply of petroleum products to the Jamaican market.
vi. A twenty-year tax holiday granted to Esso provided an additional financial incentive.
Under the agreed pricing formula, Esso was required to set the ex-refinery selling price for refined products based on a monthly average of the daily postings from the Caribbean refineries (Aruba, Curaçao, and Amway refinery in Venezuela).
b). Why did Esso request a small refinery differential and finally decided to sell the refinery to the government?
The refining cost of a small refinery in Jamaica was much higher than the cost of refining in the larger Caribbean refineries. As the Kingston refinery pricing formula was based on an average of the Caribbean postings, once crude oil margins disappeared, (owing to the nationalisation of the oil industry in Venezuela), the Kingston refinery was unable to recover its operating costs and was no more financially attractive.
A tax holiday alone did not provide enough incentive to continue the refining operations without additional financial support from the government. The tax holiday expired in 1982, and the government refused to extend it. as a result, the refinery's bottom line became red.
The government was happy to oblige Esso by buying the refinery as it believed that it could turn the Kingston refinery into a commercially profitable operation. However, this could only be achieved through creative accounting, plus shifting the basis for the ex-refinery pricing formula from the Caribbean average to the US Gulf postings (a region that was a net importer of petroleum and petroleum products).
Esso, however, knew that even the larger refineries in the Caribbean were having financial difficulties and were likely to shut down (which they eventually did). Esso was happy to walk away with a cheque that was cashed in New York the very next day.
How do I know?
Because the man who carried the cheque to New York in a briefcase chained to his wrist told me when he was a member of my World Bank team that was developing the least-cost petroleum supply options for the small Pacific island countries.
I do recall offering to finance a similar study for the Caribbean island countries, but Jamaica would not have it, fearing that it might negatively affect the Kingston refinery.
In the last column, I briefly discussed the persistent operational losses that the refinery has sustained over the years and its management's dexterity to explain such losses by blaming them on events beyond the control of the management!
The refinery was here to stay.
In today's column, we take a look at Jamaica's structural adjustment programme that was launched in the 1990s with the support of the World Bank and the IMF. This programme would have implications for the Kingston refinery.
The government had agreed with the World Bank and the IMF to restructure the economy and embark on an ambitious economic reform agenda. The reforms, among others, included an extensive privatisation programme covering public utilities and a large number of commercially oriented entities and services, together with the deregulation and privatisation of sugar, petroleum, and power sectors.
The immediate focus of this programme was to improve economic efficiency through trade policy reforms, deregulation, privatisation, and the establishment of a regulatory framework to provide comfort and predictability to potential private investors.
The creation of the Office of the Utilities Regulation – OUR, an umbrella regulatory agency – in 1995 was one such action for which I spearheaded the study that the World Bank financed.
In pursuance of this programme, most prices, marketing and distribution channels were deregulated. General subsidies on food were relaxed, and quantitative restrictions were lifted along with the shutting down of some trade monopolies.
One noteworthy element of this programme was to adjust tariffs to conform to CARICOM's Common External Tariffs (CET). This development would have profound implications for the Kingston refinery.
Prior to the start of the liberalisation process, all aspects of the petroleum industry were regulated. A government appointed commission played a key role in fixing prices and trade margins. The commission's members had no expertise in the petroleum industry. However, it determined and approved operating margins for haulage contractors, gasolene retail outlets, and margins for marketing companies.
There were frequent complaints from marketers and union actions and strikes (by haulage contractors, pump attendants, and sometimes retailers). Under this framework, the Kingston refinery enjoyed a defacto monopoly for the import of petroleum and petroleum products.
Following the purchase by the government, the ex-refinery pricing formula had been restructured to reflect "so-called opportunity cost". It was designed to provide operating margins to the refinery and keep it profitable.
By virtue that the refinery collected taxes on petroleum products, and sent a hefty monthly cheque to the treasury, the ministry of finance was happy with the arrangements, a situation the refinery used to its advantage.
As the refinery had persistent operational issues (and ran at below its capacity – it made up for total product demand in Jamaica by direct import of refined products, thus controlling about 95 per cent of the domestic market. Marketers' main role was limited to being wholesalers, with some ownership of retail outlets.
As part of the reform programme, the Government of Jamaica (GOJ) launched a phased deregulation of the petroleum industry, first by decontrolling the domestic petroleum prices (except for kerosene for domestic use, which was subsidised for environmental and social reasons!), and allowing a full pass-through of the higher international oil prices, including devaluation effects, to the consumer.
In 1993, the GOJ implemented the second phase of the deregulation by removing the de facto monopoly of the Kingston refinery to import petroleum and petroleum products through the imposition of Common External Tariffs on refined petroleum products.
But the ability of other marketers to import products was constrained due to a lack of terminalling/storage facilities. More and more, the refinery was operating as an oil-import terminal rather than a strict refining unit.
The harmonisation of CET granted to the Kingston refinery a 10 per cent protection on its refining operations. A CET of five per cent was imposed on refinery feedstock (crude oil and semi-finished products that the refinery imported) and 15 per cent on the refined products.
There was an understanding that if the refinery could not make a product, the direct importation of that product by any approved importer could receive a tax waiver. The issue of tax waiver on unleaded gasolene granted to a marketing company was a result of this proviso.
However, the refinery claimed that it could make unleaded gasolene, and no such waiver should have been granted. But the reality is a different story!
In the meanwhile, the refinery was continuously receiving tax waivers (sometimes retroactively) and used the system to its advantage.
It is good to be owned by the government!
- Zia Mian, a retired senior World Bank official and former director general of the OUR, is an international consultant on energy and information technology. He writes on issues of national, regional, and international interest. Email feedback to firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com


text:
You'd think Tim and Alice would be the perfect match. Tim Burton, master of the weird and off-kilter, and Alice in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll's dream-like and surreal Victorian masterpiece: an ideal combination, surely?
Yet Burton's Alice in Wonderland, though dazzling to look at, isn't quite as wonderful as admirers of both director and book might have hoped.
As it happens, Burton's 3D movie isn't exactly an adaptation of Carroll's book but a sequel which finds the now 19-year-old Alice (played by Australian actress Mia Wasikowska) returning to the fantastical Wonderland – or rather, Underland – after fleeing from a dim toff's marriage proposal and tumbling down a rabbit hole.
She thinks her memories of previous Wonderland adventures are simply dreams but is soon meeting a number of familiar faces, including the Cheshire Cat (purringly voiced by Stephen Fry), the White Rabbit (Michael Sheen), the Caterpillar (Alan Rickman) and Johnny Depp's decidedly loopy, white-faced, green-eyed, ginger-haired Mad Hatter.
These characters all look and sound amazing, as do gormless tubby twins Tweedledum and Tweedledee, inspired and rather endearing CGI versions of Matt Lucas. Helena Bonham Carter's stroppy Red Queen with her huge oversized head is a scream too (though she owes a big debt to Miranda Richardson's brilliant comic creation Queenie in Blackadder).
All this is fabulous. The problem is the plot.
Storytelling has never been Burton's strong suit and his weakness is here compounded by a desire to somehow squeeze Carroll's topsy-turvy, logical-illogical tales into a teen-friendly, Disney-approved, big-screen adventure.
So feisty, proto-feminist Alice is thrust into a bog-standard quest narrative in which she becomes the Joan-of-Arc-like champion of Anne Hathaway's White Queen and undertakes the task of slaying that fearsome beastie the Jabberwock – the monster from Carroll's 'Jabberwocky' poem, found in the Alice sequel Through the Looking Glass.
Sadly, this doesn't really come off. Burton's Alice could nibble and nibble on the cake labelled 'Eat Me', and sip and sip on the potion labeled 'Drink Me', and she still won't go through this door.
On general release from 5th March.


text:
Frequently Asked Questions
This portion of the website is dedicated to providing important answers to questions that you may have had outside of the dental office. Browse through and click on the specific topics that you may find interesting and learn more about your dental health. We are here to help, so if you have any questions, please call us at 905-278-7470.
Bruxism is the technical term for grinding and clenching that wears down teeth and may cause facial pain. People who grind and clench, called bruxers, unintentionally bite down too hard at inappropriate times, such as in their sleep. People usually aren't diagnosed with bruxism until it is too late because they don't realize they have the habit. About one in three people suffer from bruxism, which can easily be treated by a dentist.
When someone has bruxism, the tips of their teeth appear flat. Teeth are worn down so much that the enamel has rubbed off, exposing the inside of the tooth, which is called dentin. When exposed, dentin may cause the tooth to become sensitive. Bruxers may also experience pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) –the jaw- that may manifest itself as popping and clicking. Tongue indentations are another sign of clenching.
Stress and certain personality types are at the root of bruxism. Anger, pain and frustration can trigger bruxing. People who are aggressive, competitive and hurried also may be at a greater risk for bruxism.
During a regular dental visit, the dentist automatically checks for physical signs of bruxism. Grinding due to stress can only be cured by removing the stress trigger. If grinding continues, a nightguard may be prescribed to prevent ultimate damage to the teeth.
Treatment for popping and clicking jaw bone is only observed and initiated only when pain is associated with these indications.
There is a disk that separates the jaw bone from the base of the skull The primary cause of the "popping" occurs when you open your mouth too wide and the jaw bone "pops" off the disk or pad. Treatment is not required unless pain is associated with the pop or the jaw locks.
Saliva production decreases with age .Various medications can also affect saliva production. In order to slow the process, one must exercise the gland. Chewing sugarless gum, chewing your food thoroughly, or occasionally having a sugar-free piece of candy can accomplish this. Artificial saliva can also be prescribed if necessary.
Tooth decay is caused by plaque in your mouth reacting with sugary and starchy deposits form food. This reaction produces acid, which damages the enamel over time and weakens the tooth.
Bleeding gums- If you've just started to floss, a little bleeding is normal. But if you bleed regularly when you brush, or bleeding persists for longer than three weeks, you may be in the early stages of gum disease.
Teeth can be sensitive to hot, cold, sweets and chewing. Sensitivities can appear suddenly or gradually. They generally indicate underlying problems- such a s root decay.
A side effect of many medications and also an indication of age. Dryness may aggravate dental problem, so mention it to us. Chewing sugarless gum, chewing your food thoroughly or having sugar-free candy in moderation may reduce the process. Ask your dentist about artificial saliva.
White or red patches, swelling or sores in mouth or lips-
these may stem form nutritional deficiencies, they may indicate serious problems, or they may be completely harmless. It takes a professional to tell. Meanwhile, never place an aspirin on a mouth sore, since it may irritate the tissue.
several causes are possible. It may be the dentures that don't fit or that stay in your mouth overnight. It may be a nutritional deficiency. Another possibility is a temporary syndrome common in women called "burning mouth syndrome".
this usually indicates advanced gum disease. See the dentist if this should be the case.
Dentures occasionally need relining or refitting to accommodate changes in the mouth. If you delay this, you risk tissue damage. Have your dentures checked regularly.
A dental sealant is a thin plastic film painted on the chewing surfaces of molars and premolars. They have been shown to prevent cavities. As long as the sealant remains intact, small food particles and bacteria that cause cavities cannot penetrate through or around a sealant.
The surface of the tooth is cleaned and rinsed off. An etching solution or gel is applied to the enamel surface of the tooth, including pits and grooves. After 15 seconds, the solution is thoroughly rinsed away with water. After the site is dried, the sealant material is applied and allowed to harden by using a special curing light.
Sealants should last five years, but can last as long as 10 years. However, sealants should not be considered permanent. Regular dental check-ups are necessary to monitor the sealants' bond to the tooth. If a sealant becomes worn, more sealant material can be applied on top of it.
Children receive the greatest benefit from sealants because they have newly erupted, permanent teeth. The teeth that benefit the most from sealants are permanent molars and premolars. Between the ages of five and seven, children get four permanent molars and between ages of 12 and 14,they get four more permanent molars and sometimes eight permanent premolars. The chewing surfaces of a child's teeth are most susceptible to cavities and the least benefited by fluoride. Most cavities occur in the narrow pits and grooves of a child's newly, erupted teeth because food particles and bacteria cannot be cleaned out. Sealants can prevent these cavities!
No, fluoride is necessary to prevent decay as well. Fluoride works best on the smooth surfaces of teeth. The chewing surfaces on the back teeth have tiny grooves where decay often begins. Sealants keep bacteria out of the grooves and together, sealants and fluoride act to prevent tooth decay.
A complete preventive dental program includes the use of sealants, fluoride, plaque removal, careful food choices, and regular dental care.
Sealants help maintain sound, intact teeth. Decay destroys the structure of the tooth. Each time a tooth is filled or a filling is replaced, additional tooth structure is lost. Appropriate use of sealants can save money, time and discomfort associated with dental treatment procedures.
Severe gum disease is an infection and inflammation of the gums and surrounding tissues also known as periodontal disease. It is the major cause of adult tooth loss. The causes of this chronic infection are numerous. Bacterial plaque is a sticky, colorless film that forms on the teeth. It eventually hardens into a rough substance called tartar. Toxins released by these bacteria begin to irritate the gums and eventually the bacteria start to breakdown the fibers that adhere the gums to the teeth and thus creating a periodontal pocket. The progression of this disease causes the bacteria to go deeper in to the gums and moves down to the bone destroying it. If left untreated, the tooth becomes loose and may fall out or requires extraction.
Genetics and diet are also key factors of this disease. Diets deficient in essential nutrients will decrease the body's ability to combat infections. Smoking is also also a culprit to gum irritation and diseases affecting the body's immune system, such as AIDS and leukemia, as well as patients with diabetes that is uncontrolled have difficulties warding off infection and thus gum disease is more difficult to control.
Red, swollen gums that bleed when brushing and flossing, gums that pull away from teeth, bad breath, changes in the way the teeth com together are all signs of gum disease. It is advisable to see your dentist since there may not be any early symptoms and the disease may spread to the point where the tooth cannot be saved. Therefore it is recommended to get frequent dental exams.
Early intervention involves scaling and root planing-removing plaque and calculus around the tooth and below the gum line where the root surfaces are cleaned. More serious cases involve minor surgery, which requires cutting the gum tissue, and removing the hardened plaque build-up and remodeling the surrounding bone.
Your dentist can design a program of home oral care to meet your needs by performing a periodontal exam. Through brushing, flossing and professional cleanings, one can control the level of plaque that is the culprit to this disease.
Your dentist may decide to refer the patient to a specialist if the gum disease requires surgical intervention. Both the dentist and the periodontist will work together to formulate treatment that is best suited to your needs.
Prevention is a vital component to everyone's hygiene regimen. Patients should visit their dentist regularly, sometimes as frequent as 3-4 months, for a preventive checkup for a comprehensive diagnosis. He or she is trained to catch small problems before they become major concerns. In between visits, brush at least twice a day and floss daily.
Manual soft bristle brushes are the least expensive and most dependable brushes around. Many patients can benefit from an electric toothbrush for better manual dexterity. Small, narrow brushes called proxy brushes are best to cleanse the recesses in the teeth and should be used with care. Rubber tips and wooden tooth picks are usually recommended by your dentist, so talk to your dentist about which brushes are best for your individual needs.
Baby bottle decay, also known as Nursing bottle decay, is caused by the prolonged use of a baby bottle during the day or at night containing human milk, cow's milk, formula, fruit juice or any other sweetened liquids. These liquids contain sugar that causes cavities. Cavities can first appear along the gum line behind the upper front teeth. It may spread to the front teeth and usually affects all of the front teeth.
To protect your child, do not let them take a bottle that contains milk or juices to bed with them. Instead, give them plain water at sleep or nap time. It is recommended that children be taken off the bottle by 12 months of age and be taught to drink from a cup.
If you notice brown spots on you child's teeth, see your dentist for treatment. Read on about your child's dental health in the section Oral Health for Children.
It is recommended to see a dentist six months after your child's first teeth come out. The first dental visit/orientation is an oral assessment for patients between the age of 1 and 3. The assessment includes family dental history, dietary/feeding practices, oral habits, oral hygiene, fluoride exposure, providing guidance for parents/guardian on how to care for their child's teeth.
Soon after birth, you should begin to clean their mouth. Wipe all around your baby's gums with a soft cloth. Upon eruption of first tooth, begin brushing with a small, soft-bristled toothbrush and a pea-sized amount of non-fluoridated toothpaste. After three years of age your child can brush with a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste.
Your child should be receiving fluoride from the community water supply in an ample amount. Talk to your dentist if there are any concerns with fluoride intake and see if your child is in fact receiving the right amount. Lead by example and allow your child to watch you brush your teeth, this will reinforce the importance of good oral hygiene.
To avoid baby bottle tooth decay and misalignment due to sucking, try to get your child off of the bottle by one year of age and monitor sucking of pacifiers, fingers and thumbs. Your child should not have bottle of milk or other sweetened liquids at sleep time.
Veneers are very thin porcelain shells that are custom made and permanently bonded to the front surface of each involved tooth. Veneers are strong and natural-looking that many dentists consider the techniques "cloned enamel". This durability and natural beauty has caused a revolution in cosmetic dentistry.
Porcelain veneers are often used to change the colour of dark and stained teeth. Veneers can also close gaps and spaces, brighten one tooth or entire smiles, block out stains and even correct uneven, chipped or worn teeth. Crowded and rotated teeth can also be perfected. In many cases certain undersized teeth can be made larger and lengthened as well.
Clinical experience has shown that veneers will look beautiful and natural for years, and in many ways veneers are stronger than tooth enamel. Porcelain is hard, non-porous and will not stain or wear with normal tooth brushing. Patients with veneers do not have to change normal eating habits.
There will be a period of adjustments for approximately a week or two after the veneers are placed as you get used to your new teeth. Maintenance involves brushing and flossing daily.
Veneers look more natural than any other kind of restoration. Many dentists mistake a veneered tooth for a natural tooth. The porcelain reflects light from within, as does natural enamel and the colour and shape is designed by esthetics experts to look exactly like a natural tooth.
It usually takes two appointments to veneer teeth. Adjustments may be made to the involved teeth during the first appointment. After an impression is taken, your custom made veneers can be made to the new colour and shape desired. The veneers are then permanently bonded to your teeth during the second appointment.
Feel free to ask questions and request to see a porcelain veneer sample on your next visit.
There are many teeth whitening systems available , however all of them differ in terms of their safety and effectiveness. The professional whitening system provided by your dentist involves custom fit trays and whitening gel that is dispensed inside the tray. They can be worn during the day or overnight, whatever works best for you.
The active ingredient in most of these professional whitening systems provided by your dentist is carbamide peroxide. This is a "buffered" form of hydrogen peroxide meaning it is more stable and has a longer shelf life, and has been used by dentists for over 50 years as an oral antiseptic.
As saliva comes into contact with the carbamide peroxide gel, it breaks down the gel forming water and oxygen. The theory is that the oxygen breaks down the stain molecules on and within your teeth. (footnote:Bleaching with 10%Carbamide Peroxide;an 18-month study" Bruce W. Small, AGD Impact, March-Apr.1995) When you brush your teeth and rinse out your mouth afterwards, these broken molecules are washed away.
Yes, many studies have proven that it is a safe product. Carbamide peroxide has been used by dentist as an oral antiseptic, for cavity prevention , and a tooth whitener and there are 50 years of studies to back up its safety (The color atlas of tooth whitening, Dr G. Mclaughlin and Dr.G. Freedman,1991 ). Also, people have been using hydrogen peroxide, in the dentist's chair, for whitening since the 1960's.
Electron microscope examinations on extracted teeth have shown that there is no change to the structure of the tooth as a result of whitening with carbamide peroxide including no change to the any composites, crowns,etc. Please speak to your dentist about this and any other concerns that you may have about treatment.
For most patients, treatment takes two weeks. However, the professional whitening system will only whiten your natural teeth. Composite fillings, bridges, crowns, veneers etc. will not become whiter; they will remain the same shade. Therefore, tooth whitening should be done prior to any placement of tooth coloured restorations to achieve that smile you've always wanted!
The store-bought products that are for tooth whitening purposes should be used with caution. The method of tooth whitening in these products are such that they are not custom fit and can cause gingival irritation, and are less effective. Some patients may experience tooth sensitivity during treatment. For most people, this is mild and will disappear as the treatment progresses. If the sensitivity is moderate to severe, a fluoride gel is recommended to reduce the level of sensitivity. Ask your dentist about this.
A crown is a full coverage cap that covers a tooth to strengthen or improve the appearance of the tooth. The reasons for placing a crown on a tooth is to support a large filling when there isn't enough tooth structure, protect a weak tooth from fracturing, to cover a dental implant and to also cover badly shaped or discolored teeth. The goal is to create a crown that looks like the natural tooth.
Crowns are made from a number of materials including gold alloys or nonprecious alloys, porcelain or ceramic, acrylic or composite resin. Combinations of these materials may also be used. Commonly used are porcelain attached to a metal shell for strength and esthetics. All ceramic or porcelain made crowns are more esthetically pleasing however may lack in strength.
Usually at least two visits are necessary. The dentist will prepare the tooth by removing the outer portion of the tooth to accommodate the thickness of the crown. An impression is made to provide an exact model of the prepared tooth and this is sent to the laboratory for fabrication of the crown. A temporary "acrylic" crown is placed in the interim while the permanent crown is made.
When the permanent crown is ready, your dentist will put it in place and make the necessary adjustments. When both you and your dentist are satisfied with the crown, it can be permanently cemented in place.
A bridge spans over one or more natural missing teeth, thereby bridging the gap between two teeth. Bridges are fixed prostheses whereby they cannot be taken out of the mouth like removable partial dentures. In some cases when the space is too large, your dentist may recommend a removable partial denture or an implant-a titanium metal post that is surgically imbedded into the bone and capped with a crown as an abutment.
Dental implants are a great way of replacing of missing teeth. Implants are titanium metal posts that are surgically placed into your jaw making them permanent and stable. After an appropriate amount of healing, the implant is restored usually with a crown. The advantages of implants are that they act as natural teeth and preserve the jaw bone. They are also advantageous in that they avoid altering neighboring teeth and are easy to clean.
Implants are made of a prefabricated screw that is compatible with body tissues and act as an artificial tooth root.
The process takes four to seven months to complete due to the lengthy healing time after the implant is placed. Once the screw is surgically implemented into your jaw bone under local anesthetic, the healing process can take up to six months and the fitting of replacement teeth another two months.
Implants vary in success rate depending on its' location and function. Generally, implants placed in the front of the lower jaw have the highest success rate of about 95 percent whereas those placed in the sides or the rear of the upper jaw is 85 percent.
Talk to your dentist about whether you are a good candidate to receive implants.
Each tooth contains nerves, veins, arteries and lymph vessels collectively called the pulp.
Root canals are very small. Each tooth has at least one but some may have multiple canals.
The pulp may become infected due to a deep cavity or a fracture. When this happens, it allows bacteria to creep in and the canal can die. Pain may be felt in the tooth and your dentist will diagnose the problem based on the symptoms you are experiencing. However, root canal treatment may be indicated where there are no symptoms of pain in the tooth . Your dentist should fully inform you of the need for a root canal.
When a tooth is infected due to the nerve, it will not heal itself and without the appropriate treatment the infection will spread and the pain will worsen. Rather than extracting the tooth, if given the option, it is best to have root canal treatment to preserve the original tooth in your mouth.
The infection is cleaned out of the tooth and permanently filled to prevent recontamination. The dentist may prescribe a metal post to be inserted above the canal filling and finally, a crown is normally placed to strengthen its structure. See your dentist should you have any further concerns.
Some women experience gingivitis that can get more severe as they progress more into their pregnancy. Due to hormonal changes, an expectant mother is more susceptible to plaque accumulations that result in swollen and bleeding gums. Consult your dentist if you notice any changes in you oral health during your pregnancy. Your dentist may recommend more frequent dental cleanings and will reinforce home care instructions.
Many dentist will opt to treat the pregnant patient until the second trimester or until after the pregnancy, if possible. Should there be a dental emergency, emergency treatment is usually done and a consult between your dentist and your obstetrician is recommended.
Some women experience dry mouth, changes in taste and burning sensation when going through menopause. Hormonal replacement therapy may cause your gums to become red and swollen. Speak to your dentists about any concerns that you may have with your dental health during menopause.
Gingivitis may occur during long-term use. The effectiveness of certain antibiotics will decrease with the use of oral contraceptives. Also, after a tooth is extracted, women on birth control pills may be more susceptible to developing dry socket. It is very important to inform your dentist of all the medications that you are currently taking.
Immediate care is required and call your dentist for an appointment should a tooth be completely dislodged from the mouth. Place the tooth immediately under your tongue, between the cheek and the gums, or immerse the tooth in a container of milk to bring to your dentist.
If the tooth becomes loose during the injury, support the tooth with a moist tissue and see your dentist immediately for treatment.
If more than 1/4 of the tooth is broken due to an accident (usually a front tooth), this will require emergency treatment. If a filling is fractured, the rough edges that may be irritable to the tongue can be smoothed off by your dentist and a temporary filling is provided if necessary for immediate care.
The crown should not be left off the tooth for longer than a few days should it come off completely. If you are unable to see your dentist right away, a small piece of sugarless gum can be placed in the crown to keep it in place temporarily.
Never place aspirin directly on the tooth or the gum, since it will make the situation worse. If possible, rinse with warm water and see your dentist for treatment.
This requires immediate care by your dentist. It may indicate an infection. Apply a cold pack to the outside of your face(20 minutes on and 20 min. off) and rinse with warm salt water.
Any persistent bleeding should be observed by a medical professional. It may be due to a recent extraction of a tooth or dental surgery if it occurs in the mouth. Apply pressure via a tea bag or gauze and see your dentist immediately.


text:
"Jesus announced the presence of what he called 'the kingdom' or the 'reign'of God. He kept saying 'it is like' or 'it may be compared to' and he uses stories, parables, metaphors so that we could recognize what was obvious to him but not so obvious to us."
Rohr goes on to mention that we might think of "the kingdom" or the "reign of God" as the big picture. I would call it cosmic consciousness. It is like an awareness of the interdependent web of all existence of which we are a part when we are able to "see" things in their true perspective.
At Christmas time we, as a culture, seem to be able to step back, get things in perspective and acknowledge that what is important in life is fellowship, peace, joy, and awesome contemplation of a world full of angels, grace, and love. The world, in short, is a place of enchantment and we have lost during the year our child like wonder. Jesus says that unless we recapture this childlike wonder we can't enter the kingdom. Indeed he is right.
Last year, I found a Christmas card that described the three stages of human life:
We believe in Santa.
We don't believe in Santa.
We are Santa.
I think the same model may be true of our spiritual development.
We believe in baby Jesus and God.
We don't believe in the divinity of Jesus and the existence of God as we did as a child.
We are part of God.
This Christmas how will I practice my awareness that I am part of God and share that awareness with others? The best ways I know is to extend my peace, compassion, and reverence for the inherent worth and dignity of every person.
The deeper meaning of Christmas is not that baby Jesus was born into the world, or that Santa comes on Christmas eve, but that we live in the kingdom created by the Spirit of Life if only we can step back and appreciate it and consciously continue the work of creating the universe.
At the Brockport Unitarian Universalist Fellowship we have gathered together a group of people who are intent on creating a better world not just at Christmas but all year along. We support each other in our growth and development and fall into love more and more with each meeting. BUUF is a special church that is committed to making the kingdom manifest in multitudinous ways. Please join us in spirit or in person as we continue our lives together.
Water communion in September, 2010


text:
A new "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" film, the second in recent years, is coming to theaters on June 3, and critics are mostly enjoying it more than its 2014 predecessor, though bad reviews didn't stop the movie from becoming a box office success.
The new film "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows" stars Jeremy Howard, Noel Fisher, Pete Ploszek, and Alan Ritchson as the title turtles and Megan Fox as their friend April O'Neil.
Reviews for the new movie are so far mostly negative but some critics say the film is better than the 2014 movie "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles." "This sequel is a good improvement over the 2014 adventure that rebooted the franchise," Bill Zwecker of the Chicago Sun-Times writes. "The effects are better, the pacing is tighter and the overall impact is much more entertaining."
Hollywood Reporter writer Frank Scheck agrees, writing, "Better than the last one," while Scott Mendelson of Forbes wrote that "I cannot think of a time when a franchise starter as terrible as 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' produced a sequel as good as 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows.'"
Critics panned "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" in 2014. Yet the movie became a box office success, enough so to presumably give executives confidence in a sequel.
What drew audiences to the 2014 movie? Paul Dergarabedian, senior media analyst for the media company Rentrak, told Variety at the time to never underestimate fondness for old properties.
"A lot of it was nostalgia," Mr. Dergarabedian said of the movie's opening weekend box office. "There is a generational affection for these characters."
Variety writer Brent Lang noted that the film "appealed to both younger crowds and twenty-somethings who remembered the original 1990s television show, films and toylines with fondness."
In addition, Deadline writer Anita Busch wrote that the film's studio, Paramount Pictures, did a great job getting the word out there about the movie. "[The movie's opening weekend gross was] powered by a very well-executed marketing campaign (which included a national cross-promotion with Pizza Hut)," Ms. Busch wrote.


text:
This soup is surprisingly mellow; the garlic truly softens in flavor as it cooks.
How to Make It
Melt butter in a Dutch oven over medium-low heat. Add garlic cloves, onion, potato, and thyme. Cover and cook 25 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Add stock, water, salt, and 2-inch strip of lemon rind. Bring to a simmer; cover and cook at low 20 minutes or until very tender. Discard rind.
Add bread. Stir with a wooden spoon, scraping bottom of pan.
Pour half of soup in a blender. Remove center piece of blender lid (to allow steam to escape); secure lid on blender. Drape a clean towel over opening in lid (to avoid splatters). Blend until smooth; pour into a large bowl. Repeat with remaining soup. Return pureed soup to pan.
Stir in buttermilk; heat over medium-high heat until very hot (do not boil). Stir in sherry. Top soup with a mixture of toasted breadcrumbs, grated pecorino Romano, parsley, and lemon rind.
Chef's Notes
MyRecipes is working with Let's Move!, the Partnership for a Healthier America, and USDA's MyPlate to give anyone looking for healthier options access to a trove of recipes that will help them create healthy, tasty plates. For more information about creating a healthy plate, visit www.choosemyplate.gov


text:
Cold Brew...
Featured Artist - June
Bob Koch
Come to The Local and explore this months featured artist - he is a fourth generation California native who's new experimental abstract work combines his passion of art, nature and science. He has been creating award winning content for over 25 years in animation and entertainment, working with studios like Pixar Animation Studios, LucasArts and more. His latest work focuses of how the "micro" world makes up the larger "macro" subject. Don't miss the opportunity to explore Koch's pieces on display - stop by The Local today.
Backgammon is back!
Hi folks, tonight and every Monday this month stop by The Local 7-9pm for some friendly games of Backgammon! All levels are welcome. Come by and enjoy some local brew or delicious coffee while we have some fun and meet new people.
DATES: June 11th, June 18th and June 25th
TIME: 7-9pm
LOCATION: The Local in Alameda
REQUIREMENTS: Just bring your awesome self! Hope to see you there.
The Local Yocal
Local views
March 2020


text:
This is a hard thing to keep track of. Most book blogs also post their reviews to Amazon and Good Reads and that's where you can get the whole spectrum of people's opinions, from "I hated it" to "meh" to "I loved it" to "Best book ever Imma gonna die omg."
Experiment in Terror series
Praise for Darkhouse:
"Have you ever heard the expression "book hangover"? Well, for me, a book hangover happens when you find a book that completely consumes you. It is all you can think about, and you walk around in a stupor for a few days. Guess what? That happened to me when I read Darkhouse." — Bookish Babes
"A super thrill ride of a book. I devoured this book, seriously I did not want to put it down. I'm a big fan of ghost stories and ghost hunting in general so picking this up was a no-brainer for me." — Naughty Between the Stacks
"Enter Perry Palomino's world and expect to be riveted to your seat with the creepy story with paranormal overtures. This book was a mesmerizing read. At times, I found myself gripping the book tightly and turning the pages with the light on. Creepy atmosphere prevails in this story leaving goosebumps in its wake." — Earth's Book Nook
"Darkhouse by Karina Halle has to be the first book in many years to make me glad to be reading during the day. It was creepy, exciting, hilarious and down right one of the most entertaining books that made me want to hug my pillow." — Seeing Night Reviews
"Darkhouse turned out unlike anything I'd expected. It drew me in from page one, with its easy-to-relate to, flawed but loveable characters, its fast pace, the unpredictable plot twists and its eerie, surreal atmosphere. If you're searching for the scariest book of this season, then search no more. Darkhouse is exactly what you're looking for." — I Heart Reading
Praise for Red Fox
"Perry and Dex are two charismatic and slightly crazy characters that carry you in kicking and screaming along for the ride. So far it's been an awesome ride and I can't wait to see where they go in the next." — Naughty Between the Stacks
"The story itself deals with a new adventure or should I say, nightmarish weekend. This time confronting Navajo mythology, including skinwalkers, and framed by a New Mexico setting. Red Fox is unique because although it has a similar thread when compared to Darkhouse (the paranormal) it is not the same story, different setting. I liked the variation from haunting ghosts to Navajo shapeshifters and the characters reactions to the experience through their inexperience" – Bitsy Bling Books
"Once again Halle captivated me with her writing and unforgettable characters, I hope to read many more adventures with her ghost hunting gang and that more creepy stories are to come. I felt that Red Fox wasn't as scary as Darkhouse but I loved that it was a different paranormal element, having them go on a different mysterious adventure every time is more exciting. Overall I highly recommend the Experiment in Terror series!" — Seeing Night Reviews
Praise for Come Alive
"Come Alive has everything Experiment in Terror fans have been waiting for – incredibly hot sex, an ominous setting, and answers to some of your most burning questions. This book made me violent, made me scream, made me cry, and turned everything I thought I knew upside down." — Reading Books Like a Boss
"This series is so much more than boy meets girl meets ghost. It's the union of two flawed people trying to survive in a world that is determined to tear them apart." — My Book Muse
Praise for Sins & Needles
"Dark, gritty, and sexy as hell, Sins & Needles is pure perfection for fans of contemporary novels with a dangerous edge. It will leave you begging for more, in that blubbering, unattractive way of yours." — Xpresso Reads
"Brace yourselves for a wild, blow your hair back ride! It's a dark, captivating tale replete with suspense, deception, romance, and redemption. It will leave you reeling and not just wanting, but demanding more Ellie and Camden." — The Book Asylum