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http://www.w3.org/2011/07/20-i18n-minutes.html Internationalization Core Working Group Teleconference 20 Jul 2011 [2]Agenda [2] http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/member-i18n-core/2011Jul/0011.html See also: [3]IRC log [3] http://www.w3.org/2011/07/20-i18n-irc Attendees Present matial, Addison_Phillips, Richard, Aharon, kojiishi Regrets Felix Chair Addison Phillips Scribe Addison Phillips Contents * [4]Topics 1. [5]Agenda 2. [6]Action Items 3. [7]Info Share 4. [8]HTML5 REVIEW * [9]Summary of Action Items _________________________________________________________ Agenda Action Items Info Share <r12a> [10]http://www.w3.org/International/ [10] http://www.w3.org/International/ <matial> I too have a little bit of info richard: home page rejigged a little ... MLweb project mentioned ... fixed up quick links ... direct link to tracker ... and to reviews <r12a> [11]http://www.w3.org/International/html5/qa-personal-names [11] http://www.w3.org/International/html5/qa-personal-names richard: working on personal names qa ... started to use HTML5 in article template ... and the link above shows resulting work ... propose to publish in HTML5 in the future <r12a> [12]http://validator.w3.org/i18n-checker/ [12] http://validator.w3.org/i18n-checker/ richard: just published i18n checker ... more than just new UI ... file upload option ... html5 rules also checked ... not yet xhtml5 and polyglot <r12a> [13]http://www.w3.org/International/quicktips/checker [13] http://www.w3.org/International/quicktips/checker richard: lists all checks/messages ... and details about them ... also points to authoritative sources ... should review this as a WG addison: will add this to agenda for next time matial: Israeli Internet Society hosting group to design test cases for bidi support in HTML5 ... first meeting is next week ... trying to make automated test cases against browsers ... will be interesting to have that <r12a> [14]http://www.w3.org/International/tests/tests-html-css/list-text-d irection [14] http://www.w3.org/International/tests/tests-html-css/list-text-direction richard: new framework, so tests should fit that <matial> Here is the URL for this initiative: [15]http://www.w3c.org.il/event/261 [15] http://www.w3c.org.il/event/261 <scribe> ACTION: richard: point out the test framework to Aharon for potential use in bidi tests [recorded in [16]http://www.w3.org/2011/07/20-i18n-minutes.html#action01] <trackbot> Created ACTION-58 - Point out the test framework to Aharon for potential use in bidi tests [on Richard Ishida - due 2011-07-27]. HTML5 REVIEW [17]http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-i18n-core/2011JulSep/ 0024.html [17] http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-i18n-core/2011JulSep/0024.html 1. Section 2.5.1. Where it says: -- When a user agent is to strip line breaks from a string, the user agent must remove any U+000A LINE FEED (LF) and U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters from that string. -- Should other line-terminators also be included here? [18]http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#common-parser-idioms [18] http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#common-parser-idioms scribe: such as line separator [19]http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/member-i18n-core/2011Jul/000 9.html [19] http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/member-i18n-core/2011Jul/0009.html ISSUE-35 (New attribute: ubi)<[20]http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/35> I had left [21]http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=10807 open only because I was not 100% sure that it was a good idea that the <output> element was also defined to have isolation by default. But I never did make up my mind that it was a bad idea, so I have no intention to make a Last Call about it. Just forget about this. [20] http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/35%3E [21] http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=10807 aharon: need for bidi isolatoin. fixed by <bdi> ... did not close this bug because html5 made one of the new elements (output) isolated by default ... not sure if that's the right choice richard: looked at a couple of days ago and not sure if it still says that aharon: it's the default stylesheet ... that would say that ... not the spec itself so much <r12a> 10.3.5 Bidirectional text <r12a> bdi, output, [dir=auto] { unicode-bidi: isolate; } /* case-insensitive */ okay to close ISSUE-36 (New dir attribute value: auto, and a new attribute: autodirmethod)<[22]http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/36> Both [23]http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=10808 and [24]http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=11734 were fixed and are closed. The issue should be closed. [22] http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/36%3E [23] http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=10808 [24] http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=11734 ISSUE-43 (Block-display elements should act as UBA paragraph breaks)<[25]http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/43> [26]http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=11829* is important and is still awaiting action by the editor.* [25] http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/43%3E [26] http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=11829* aharon: issue is now wider bug is 11829 aharon: default stylesheet is non-normative and not very descriptive ... and doesn't tell you what is supposed to be happening ... in words ... and HTML5 doesn't describe Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm ... how to apply it ... etc. ... CSS spec (writing-mode) ... does describe this ... and default stylesheets invoke this ... so default stylesheet does define how UBA works in a non-normative and non-declarative way ... so can't tell what the behaviors should be ... and this was accepted by editor ... but not present in document ... I did provide what the text might be ... and pinged addison: html5 is kind of hand-wavy about bidi ... also, there is a reason not to have stylesheet be normative ... should have a hard reference in html5 richard: could have two stylesheets: one normative and one informative aharon: add section that says how bidi works in absense of css ... definition in one place ... comment 8 in: <aharon> [27]http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=11829#c8 [27] http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=11829#c8 <r12a> see the 4 paras after "By this role, I mean:" richard: perhaps have a new comment <r12a> Issue-49 <r12a> [28]http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/49 [28] http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/49 <r12a> shouldn't have been filed, and works out ok <r12a> let's just closed <r12a> close it <r12a> Issue-53 <r12a> [29]http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/52 [29] http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/52 <r12a> situation is changing right now <r12a> since email sent <r12a> by default lists in html5 behave without interop between browsers <r12a> some list items are in one direction, others in another direction <r12a> at heart its a css issue <r12a> this year the css3 lists module was worked on in earnest - the way it is being addressed is far from settled - keeps changing names and approaches <r12a> in the end it should be fine on the css side, but css3 tries to be very backwards compatible <r12a> it's not clear yet whether they will decide to make the css default to be the current browser behaviour or the new behaviour <r12a> not that they like the old behaviour, it's a question of interoperability <r12a> what they want to happen if for the html5 spec to say the real desireable default in hte default stylesheet <r12a> unfortunately they still haven't decided on the syntax or whether it will be necessary to say it in the stylesheet <r12a> so it's not clear how to proceed <r12a> the editor is constantly modifying the proposal, never mind finish review <r12a> hope is to convince them to commit to new behaviour for default <r12a> aharon will be busy lobyying for that over coming days <r12a> also <r12a> default text-align is start <r12a> aharon suggested that the html5 default stylesheet should say that the default text align for li should be match-parent (already defined) - leads to uniform alignment <r12a> dependent othe the soutions proposed this is either something absolutely necessary or just ok <r12a> hopefully it will work out that its not important <r12a> so not clear whether to ask that of the html5 editor yet <r12a> so, depending on particulars of work on css lists may need some defaults set, but its not yet clear what <r12a> richard: so if all becomes clear before end of LC, we should push for that <r12a> otherwise we should lodge a flag that this is an issue still being worked on and that the spec should take into account the results of the discussion when they become available <r12a> issue-52 <r12a> [30]http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/52 [30] http://www.w3.org/International/track/issues/52 <r12a> mostly fixed - need to just expand on a small comment <r12a> if it doesn't happen it's not the end of the world 0- its non-normative <r12a> [31]http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=10823 [31] http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=10823 <r12a> ACTION: richard to figure out how to keep alive open bugs for the html5 LC [recorded in [32]http://www.w3.org/2011/07/20-i18n-minutes.html#action02] <trackbot> Created ACTION-59 - Figure out how to keep alive open bugs for the html5 LC [on Richard Ishida - due 2011-07-27]. Summary of Action Items [NEW] ACTION: richard to figure out how to keep alive open bugs for the html5 LC [recorded in [33]http://www.w3.org/2011/07/20-i18n-minutes.html#action02] [NEW] ACTION: richard: point out the test framework to Aharon for potential use in bidi tests [recorded in [34]http://www.w3.org/2011/07/20-i18n-minutes.html#action01] [End of minutes] -- Richard Ishida Internationalization Activity Lead W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) http://www.w3.org/International/ http://rishida.net/ Register for the W3C MultilingualWeb Workshop! Limerick, 21-22 September 2011 http://multilingualweb.eu/registerReceived on Friday, 22 July 2011 17:15:53 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.4.0 : Friday, 17 January 2020 16:01:49 UTC


text:
Salad of new potatoes with pancetta, broad beans & mint
Nutrition and extra info
Nutrition: per serving
- kcal662
- fat41g
- saturates8g
- carbs55g
- sugars0g
- fibre10g
- protein23g
- salt1.53g
- 500g small new potato
New potatoesn-ew po-tate-oes
New potatoes have thin, wispy skins and a crisp, waxy texture. They are young potatoes and…
- 140g fresh broad bean, or frozen
Broad beanbraw-d be-en
A member of the legume family, broad beans are pretty hardy and adaptable – they grow in…
- 140g fresh pea
A type of legume, peas grow inside long, plump pods. As is the case with all types of legume,…
- 5 tbsp extra-virgin olive oil
- 80g packet sliced pancetta
Pancetta is Italian cured pork belly - the equivalent of streaky bacon. It has a deep, strong,…
- 4 heaped tbsp mint leaves, stalks removed
There are several types of mint, each with its own subtle difference in flavour and appearance.…
- 25g bunch flat leaf parsley, leaves removed
One of the most ubiquitous herbs in British cookery, parsley is also popular in European and…
- juice 1 lemon
Oval in shape with a pronouced bulge on one end, lemons are one of the most versatile…
Cook the potatoes in their skins in a pan of boiling salted water. They will take between 10-12 minutes and should be tender when the point of a knife is inserted. Drain the potatoes and allow to cool.
Meanwhile, place the broad beans in a large pan of boiling salted water. Cook for 3-4 minutes then tip in the peas. Boil for another 2-3 minutes until both the peas and broad beans are tender but still have some texture. Now drain and refresh in icy cold water. Remove the outer skins of the broad beans and discard, if you have the time.
Heat 1 tablespoon of the extra virgin olive oil in a heavy-based saucepan and fry the pancetta until really crispy. Then tip the pancetta with its oil into a large bowl. When the potatoes are cool enough to handle, cut them in half lengthways and add to the bowl. Mix well so that the warm potatoes can absorb some of the delicious pancetta flavours.
In a small food processor or with a hand blender, blend the herb leaves with two tablespoons of the extra virgin olive oil. Then add the lemon juice and whisk in the remaining oil to form an emulsion. Season well with salt and black pepper.
Now throw the peas and the peeled broad beans into the bowl, pour over the dressing and gently mix together. Check the seasoning and serve immediately.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Natalie Williamson is an HR person by day and a writer by night and nap time. She referenced Harry Potter in her first ever full time job interview, which tells you almost all the things you need to know about her. Other important things to know include: she loves her husband, daughter, dogs, and cat; she has a serious dessert problem; and she frequently Wikipedias movies and TV shows to find out if they have happy endings. RULES WE'RE MEANT TO BREAK is her debut novel.


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Softly, Softly (to Retain Length)
Here's a novel idea: Be gentle with your hair! Our culture does not emphasize gentleness and Lagos does not reward patience. If, however, you don't make these 2 qualities the … Continue reading
Hair Lesson #3: KISS – Keep It Simple Sweetie! My New Regimen
Yes, people. I've learned to keep things simple. I started this blog with some somewhat complicated hair regimens, but this is a learning experience for me and it's taken till … Continue reading
Hair Lesson #1: Nature is a screwy-haired girl's best friend. No joke
I'm going to do a series of hair lessons. Let's jump right in. As I've mentioned before, I'm one of those girls who's done almost everything to her hair. I've … Continue reading
last night's co-poo wash & honey conditioner
Community is one funny show, people. Because you never know what you're gonna get at the beauty supply (or other) store over here, I generally just buy what's available now. … Continue reading


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8 Travel Essentials for Hitting the Road with Braces
Don't Forget to Pack These Things! As the holiday season approaches, so does the possibility of having to travel to far and away places to celebrate with friends and family. The trusted team at ARCH Orthodontics wants to help you take care of your braces whether you're at home or traveling out of town. […]Read More


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Down or Out: Assessing the Welfare Costs of Household Investment Mistakes
, ,
NBER Working Paper No. 12030
This paper investigates the efficiency of household investment decisions in a unique dataset containing the disaggregated wealth and income of the entire population of Sweden. The analysis focuses on two main sources of inefficiency in the financial portfolio: underdiversification of risky assets ("down") and nonparticipation in risky asset markets ("out"). We find that while a few households are very poorly diversified, the cost of diversification mistakes is quite modest for most of the population. For instance, a majority of participating Swedish households are sufficiently diversified internationally to outperform the Sharpe ratio of their domestic stock market. We document that households with greater financial sophistication tend to invest more efficiently but also more aggressively, so the welfare cost of portfolio inefficiency tends to be greater for these households. The welfare cost of nonparticipation is smaller by almost one half when we take account of the fact that nonparticipants would be unlikely to invest efficiently if they participated in risky asset markets.
Machine-readable bibliographic record - MARC, RIS, BibTeX
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w12030
Published: Calvet, Laurent, John Campbell, and Paolo Sodini. "Down or Out: Assessing the Welfare Costs of Household Investment Mistakes." Journal of Political Economy 115 (October 2007): 707-747. citation courtesy of
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Today, July 25, has been designated as the SysAdmin Appreciation Day. If you can read this, thank your sysadmin. The holiday exists to show appreciation for the work of sysadmins / IT staff. It is celebrated on the last Friday in July. The first System Administrator Appreciation Day was celebrated on July 28, 2000.
=> Happy SysAdmin Appreciation Day


text:
SanDisk 32GB SDHC UHS-1 Memory Cards, 2 Pack
Product Details
About this item
- Store lots of photos and full HD videos and transfer them quickly to your computer
- Great for compact-to-midrange point-and-shoot digital cameras and camcorders
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SanDisk Ultra SDHC UHS-I memory cards have Class 10 and UHS speed class 1 (U1) speed ratings for recording Full HD (1080p) videos. Enjoy smooth video recording performance whether you're recording a family get-together, sporting event, or school play. SanDisk Ultra PLUS SDHC UHS-I memory cards are shockproof, temperature-proof, waterproof, X-ray-proof, so you can enjoy your adventures without worrying about the durability of your memory card.
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Is the 'Rogue One' Planet Jedha Really Starkiller Base?
There's been a rumor floating around theorizing that the Rogue One planet Jedha, the holy ground of Jedi, later becomes Starkiller Base. Is it possible?
Here are the facts:
1) Jedha, a wintry planet, was home to a large amount of kyber crystals which are used to create lightsabers…and those same kyber crystals were used to fuel the Death Star.
2) According to Star Wars Databank, Jedha was conquered by the Empire, and there was a battle that waged between the Rebels and Imperials (which just so happens to be the premise for the Rogue One film).
3) Starkiller Base was also a resourceful planet for kyber crystals.
@StarWarsExplain if Starkiller Base is not actually Ilum then Ilum has a twin haha pic.twitter.com/FkMExA1dum— Andrew_KyloRen (@nard_dog10) October 23, 2016
4) The planet Ilum, an icy locale in Star Wars: The Clone Wars was also where young Jedi went to harvest crystals for their sabers. But no one knows what happened to it after Order 66 was executed.
Good evening folks please enjoy the beautiful view on Ilum #StarWars #swtor pic.twitter.com/CiB6dLMHIx— Grey aker (@JamesSuniceman) September 28, 2016
5) Some fans believed that Jedha is really Ilum, and that based on Star Wars maps Ilum and Starkiller Base are dangerously close to one another.
Ilum = Starkiller base? New map vs. old eu map. Ice planet packed with kyber crystals. #starwars pic.twitter.com/eX3beTpQCR— Skeletrina Deadness (@ohcatrina) November 26, 2015
Although it seems like Jedha, Ilum, and Starkiller Base are all one entity, there aren't enough facts to prove it just yet. If it is true, then that means we first saw it as Ilum, but then why was the name later changed to Jedha? Perhaps the Jedi wanted to hide the planet from the Empire and the Sith. They could have easily wiped Ilum from their database. It could make sense as Darth Vader would have had knowledge of Ilum, and if it miraculously went missing from the Jedi Temple database, he would have known. It would explain a lot, because Vader was set on destroying the Jedi for Emperor Palpatine. Could it be that Vader told Palpatine of Ilum, the kyber crystals, and the power they had? Vader could have found out the remaining Jedi, renamed the planet to Jedha, and searched for it to obtain the kyber crystals to fuel the Death Star. It doesn't seem that farfetched does it?
Still, there's a possibility that it's all coincidence. It seems more likely that Ilum is Jedha, but that it's not Starkiller Base. It could be that the Empire created Starkiller Base in the likeness of Ilum/Jedha, so that they would have unlimited kyber crystal resources. One thing's for sure: they wouldn't have to travel far between Starkiller Base and Jedha to get the crystals.
We'll have the answer to this theory when Rogue One comes to theaters December 16th!


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Gardening is in my blood, well at least I like to think so, it took me a long time to get my green thumb, but I would always see my mom tending her garden and I always thought it be cool to have my own one day. Contrary to popular belief you can learn how to garden, you don't have to be born with this mystical power to keep plants alive. I hate to admit this but I have killed many a plant, but I learned that it's all trial and error. Eventually you'll find your groove and discover that your green thumb has been there all along.
Now with that being said, it's probably best that you do your research before planting your garden. First you have to figure out which zone you're in, then you have to decide what you want to grow. Our first real year of having a garden we grew what we bought from the store, lots of tomatoes, basil, carrots, and thyme. Over the years we have expanded to more plants than that. This year I want to branch out and try to grow some more heirloom varieties, so I did some research and found two new seed companies that had some interesting variety of seeds. I really want to make sure that I have a high germination rate this year and decided to spend a little more money on seeds this year and not just rely on what's available at the grocery store.
I chose these companies because other people I follow have used them and have had great success. One seed company that I'm using is Seeds Now and they have really great information and tools to help you have a really successful grow. The other site I decided to order from was Baker Creek Seeds. With me taking my photography more seriously, this year I wanted to grow funky produce that would be visually interesting. Their site has so many cool varieties of vegetables that it was hard not to want to buy them all. My wishlist on this site is definitely a mile long. Expect to see a lot of still life pictures of funky vegetables this year.
Things to consider…
- Decide where to put your garden. Whether you're planning to have a small herb garden, or a large crop you have to figure out where you're going to put it. You have to take in to consideration how much sun does this spot receive, and how you're going to water your plants.
- Choose what to grow and order your seeds. This is where you want to refer to a grow zone chart and make sure that what you want to grow, will actually grow. You don't want to grow a tropical plant when where you live has really harsh winters. Once you get your seeds check to see which ones you can start indoors, it's often best to start your plants indoors when possible, this will insure that your plants will thrive during the growing season. Your plants will need to be harden off before you place them in their permanent home outdoors.
- Decide where to put your plants. You want to make sure that you plant all your full sun plants in spots that receive 6 or more hours of sunlight. Also you want to make sure you're not blocking any other plants from getting sun, for example don't plant a bean pole in front of your tomatoes that need full sun. It's also good for your plants to have company, this is called companion planting. When you pair up certain types of plants they help to keep away pest and encourage growth, plus it helps your garden look pretty. I like to use the growing guides here to figure out where I'm going to place my plants. The Old Farmers Almanac also has a plant growing guide that you could use as well, but it's a 7 day trial. It looked really convenient for figuring out where to plant, but I like fussing over my hand drawn diagrams.
- Prepare your soil. You will need to amend your soil. I like to add compost to my raised garden beds to help add nutrients back in to the soil. Your soil should smell earthy and should be a rich dark brown color.
- Waiting to plant at the right time. I know that whenever I get my seeds, I get really anxious and want to start planting them right away, but over the years I've learned that it's best to wait until the appropriate time. Sometimes I will label the seed packets in bold to remind myself when to start them.
- Plant the seeds according to their directions. Almost all seed companies will give you instructions on how to germinate their seeds and what conditions are best for each plant. It's important to follow these instructions correctly, this will be a determining factor in making sure that your seeds pop.
- Weed regularly. This is the part that I hate the most and I'm often guilty of not doing. You don't want to let this chore go for too long, that's why it's best to do it everyday. Mulching and adding a layer of compost on top help to suppress weeds as well.
A couple more pieces of advice…
- Start small and don't be to over ambitious. This is something that I'm definitely guilty of (especially this year with my she shed) I bite off more than I can chew and end up with really poor crops.
- Grow tomatoes or basil if this is your first time growing anything from seed. I've always had luck with these plants, they're very easy to grow especially for beginners. Another good plant to start with are beets, they have a short grow period and are ready to harvest within 45 days, this is nice if you're an impatient person.
- Don't let not having a backyard stop you from having a garden. If you can't have a backyard garden, you should have at least a container garden, either on your balcony or near a south facing window. There are so many thing you can grow in containers from vegetables to herbs and the best part you don't have to deal with weeding!
- Gardening is about patience. It's easy for an antsy person either to get bored or forget about plants, so make sure you set reminders on your phone to water/feed your plants when you have to.
Really just try to have fun and most of all just enjoy the process. I promise you it's not that hard. Happy planting!


text:
Heather Cox Richardson
On Saturday, September 19, the New York Times published an article titled: "Hey, Political Zealots; Listen to a Conversation from 1963." It reveals the contents of a conversation between President Kennedy and Everett Dirksen, a senator from Illinois, captured on a tape that has recently been released by the JFK Library in Boston. In the recording, the president and Dirksen—and others, including Robert S. McNamara—are discussing the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Dirksen, a Republican, counsels Kennedy, a Democrat, on how to sell the treaty to anxious Republican senators, even offering language that would allay those anxieties. Kennedy thanks Dirksen, adopts his suggestions, and the treaty passed.
The article was about the conversation, but its point was to emphasize to today's political partisans the value of political compromise in achieving important national goals.
The article is of interest to historians because it underscores an approaching sea change in national politics. A political historian watching closely can see a quiet swell of Burkean conservatism in American political language. It is an ideological shift that has enormous implications for the Republican Party and for the nation.
It also has important implications for historians.
As pundits on the right have become increasingly shrill and doctrinaire, more traditional conservatives have begun to push back against Republican Party leaders. Conservative thinkers are increasingly distinguishing between the movement conservatism that endorsed the Republican Party and actual conservative beliefs. In The Death of Conservatism (2009), Sam Tanenhaus explores how the pursuit of political dominance made movement conservatives in the Republican Party abandon their advocacy of the small government and fiscal austerity so important to traditional conservatism. More important, though, he emphasizes that they had abandoned true conservatism, since traditional conservative governance works through compromise to embrace changes demanded by the community.
Tanenhaus was excoriated by right-wing pundits for his observations, but they did not disappear. On his popular blog at The Atlantic, Andrew Sullivan hammers daily on extremism both right and left, and calls for political compromise to achieve national ends. As the New York Times piece about Dirksen and Kennedy indicates, such a call is also beginning to crop up more and more often in national newspapers.
And this emphasis on debate and political compromise has begun to show up in the writings of historians. Two new biographies of Henry Clay celebrate him as "The Great Compromiser" and denigrate the shrill partisans who tore his compromises to shreds and brought on a devastating war with their hyperbole and violence.
The growing momentum behind this language change suggests a political realignment, to be sure, but it also suggests that tomorrow's historians are going to weigh the past with a different scale than their recent predecessors did.
Shading the Religious Left
5 days ago


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Another Chevrolet C3 Corvette Wagon For Sale: eBay Find2
Sponsored Links
This isn't the first Chevrolet News C3 Corvette wagon we've seen, but it is certainly the most bizarre.
According to the seller of this 1976 Corvette, the Can Am Wagon conversion was done during the late 1970s over in California. The seller states the fiberglass work "was done very well," and from what we can tell the body seems to be straight – it's the paint that is uneven.
The interior isn't exactly beckoning, which pretty much describes the overall presentation of this Corvette, but hey at least there's a back seat. It's got A/C, but the compressor is "missing." On the other hand, it does have some pros. For one thing, its condition is actually not that bad for its age, it certainly turns heads (for varying reasons), it's got a snazzy side-pipe exhaust off of a 1969 Corvette, glass T-tops, and it apparently runs great with a healthy 350 V8 engine.
See the listing on the wagonized Corvette News for yourself, which ended with the buyer accepting the best offer, likely well south of the $9,900 asking price.


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It is interesting that roundup has likely caused the collapse of the Great Barrier Reef. This naturally releases a huge amount of CO2 making Monsanto one of the chief contributors to 'Global Warming'.
Humanity has a big issue in how to properly husband the big predators and the big herbivores.
It is my conjecture that this must be done by successful restoration of mind to mind communication. Thus a sheep could lie down with a lion with human oversight. The clear existence of trophic cascades makes this now necessary.
That certainly makes wolves important back in the Eastern woodlands, but as our acknowledged and carefully managed friends allowing us to do managed culls of herbivores for them and our own use as well.
After all having ten chosen deer show up at the slaughter house every day is good planing. Supplying the derived waste to the local wolves and other carnivores is also good practise.
Human hunting is actually terribly inefficient ( it always has been) and needs to become unnecessary.
Star Trek IV, Whales & Climate Change
So it turns out Star Trek IV was kind of right, whales are super important and without them we might be in trouble. In the last half century biologists have discovered something called Trophic Cascades which are basically a way to understand how ecosystems are connected. When you remove part of an ecological food web, like a whale, then it has cascading effects in how the whole system works, a cascade or domino effect if you will. Like disturbance, cascades can be positive or negative.
There are plenty of counter intuitive examples of this, one of the most famous in recent history is the reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park. The re-introduction of the top predator had cascading effects within the food web, but it also began a cascading landscape repair process throughout the park specifically in the erosion patterns. Basically wolves scared the "hoofs" off the ungulates and they stopped hanging out at the river for fear of their lives. This reduction in pressure from the ungulates allowed vegetation to return to the banks of the rivers altering their course and baseline erosion. You can watch this example here.
Back to whales...your not going to believe this!
Well it turns out that whales are pretty important not only in how they effect the web of life but also in how they interact with the climate. Whales are a an example of ecological edge, they are a kind of Vitamixer conveyor belt for the ocean. They plunge to the depths of the ocean mixing deep water with shallow water mixing the ocean as much as all the wind, tides and waves of the oceans. While they are doing this they are feeding on animals deep in the ocean and bringing them up in the form of manure and fertilizing the top layers of the ocean (the phototic zone). This feeds the lowest trophic levels causing blooms in plant plankton which causes blooms in higher trophic level animal plankton which causes more fish and krill. This is amazing, increasing the top predator actually increases the the whole web.
But, here is the most amazing thing...
The more whales there are, the more plankton there is, the more plankton there is the more CO2 that gets sequestered.
WHALES indirectly sequester carbon and they don't even know it!
Here is an incredible video describing the whole process, I recommend you watch it with your kids or grandkids.
What are we indirectly involved in? Are we modifying the climate and if so how?
We, individually, are far more powerful than we can possibly imagine. If we want to keep the human experience going we need to work with nature rather than against her. We need an approach that allows us to understand our relationship, our impact and our place in the web of life. We need to understand how to create our own POSITIVE trophic cascades.
This weekend we are heading to the Southern Alberta Permaculture Convergence to hear about how our colleagues are creating their own positive trophic cascades.
Trophic Cascades Across Diverse Plant Ecosystems
By: Brian R. Silliman & Christine Angelini © 2012 Nature Education
Citation: Silliman, B. R. & Angelini, C. (2012) Trophic Cascades Across Diverse Plant Ecosystems. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):44
Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems. Trophic cascades occur when predators limit the density and/or behavior of their prey and thereby enhance
What is a Trophic Cascade?
Predators eat prey. By so doing, predators can impact both prey abundance and behavior (e.g., prey get scared when predators are around and hide or move away). When the impact of a predator on its prey's ecology trickles down one more feeding level to affect the density and/or behavior of the prey's prey, ecologists term this interaction a feeding, or trophic cascade (Figure 1). In this situation, by controlling densities and/or behavior of their prey, predators indirectly benefit and increase the abundance of their prey's prey (Figure 1). Trophic cascades by definition must occur across a minimum of three feeding levels. Indeed, this is how they most commonly occur, although evidence of 4- and 5-level trophic cascades have been shown in nature, but are far less common.
Figure 1
Schematic of a three-level trophic cascade.
The History of the Concept
Prevailing ecological theory has long held that climate and local resource pools ultimately control the distribution of species and primary productivity of ecosystems. Of these ecosystems, those dominated by plants (e.g., tundra, deciduous and coniferous forest, rain forest, grasslands, seagrass beds, mangroves, and salt marshes) are typically green in appearance, and consumer control in these communities was considered insignificant or subtle — potentially affecting species composition, productivity, and other ecosystem properties, but not capable of regulating the long-term persistence and structure of these systems.
In 1960, Hairston and colleagues proposed an opposing view that consumers play a much more important role in structuring plant-dominated ecosystems (Hairston et al. 1960). They argued that the world is green because higher trophic levels control herbivore abundance. In essence, they suggested that grazers must not be limited by food given the abundance of green material on Earth but limited instead by predators that keep their populations and negative impacts on plants in check. Thus, the world is kept green by a tri-trophic interaction, where predators control grazers that would otherwise overgraze and eliminate vegetation. In response, others pointed out that what is green is not necessarily edible or of sufficient quality to allow increases in herbivore populations. This chemically mediated, bottom-up view suggests that most plants have "won" the predator-prey arms race and are heavily defended and therefore free from significant enemy attack. This debate is ongoing, but the dominant view of ecologists remains that consumers impact many aspects of plant ecology, but are not key drivers of the productivity of entire autotrophic ecosystems.
In recent decades, however, examples of conspicuous, grazer control of entire ecosystems have emerged. These studies show that runaway herbivory can replace more subtle community effects with obvious overgrazing, converting green ecosystems to barrens. In several cases, foundation plant species (sensu Dayton 1972) are eliminated by grazers and replaced with functionally inferior species or unvegetated substratum. In terrestrial systems, both invertebrates (e.g., native or introduced beetles and moths) and vertebrates (e.g., introduced possums) can denude entire forest canopies (Hard et al. 1983, Owen & Norton 1995), insects can defoliate mangrove stands (Anderson & Lee 1995, Feller 2002), and ungulates and elephants can convert savannas to sandy deserts. Similar examples exist in marine systems, where urchins can convert kelp forests and seagrass beds to barren rock-bed and sandflats, respectively (Estes & Palmisano 1974, Rose et al. 1999). These examples of run-away consumption are considered undesirable from a conservation and management perspective because overgrazed systems tend to have lowered biodiversity and productivity, and less economic and aesthetic value. From an ecological perspective, these examples warn that whole-ecosystem regulation by consumers maybe much more prevalent and potent than generally recognized.
Trophic Cascades: Consumer Control Trickles Up the Ladder
Since the world is generally green, run-away grazer effects have been considered exceptions and viewed as relatively unimportant. Over the past 50 years, however, it has become clear that consumers can be important drivers of ecosystems, even when they are overwhelmingly green. Interestingly, such appreciation for grazer effects has developed by focusing on predators. When ecosystems are green, predators are often holding grazers in check, while, when they are overgrazed, predator loss or removal is often responsible for elevated grazer densities and plant loss. This tri-trophic interaction, where predators benefit plants by controlling grazer populations, is known as a trophic cascade. Hairston et al. (1960) first hypothesized that the world is green because predators control grazers, and Carpenter and colleagues further developed the trophic cascade concept with experimental studies in lakes, demonstrating that fish can control zooplankton abundance which, in turn, controls phytoplankton levels (Carpenter et al. 1985).
More recently, ecologists have differentiated between population- and community-level trophic cascades. In population-level cascades, predator removal leads to overgrazing and local extinction of a dominant plant species, but a less palatable species replaces the first, keeping the ecosystem functionally intact despite the shift in species composition. In contrast, in a community-level cascade, predator removal leads to overgrazing of the entire plant community with the concomitant loss of associated ecosystem services.
When and Where Do Community-Level Trophic Cascades Occur?
In aquatic systems, control of plant community structure via trophic cascades has been demonstrated in a variety of habitats, including lakes (Carpenter et al. 1985), rivers (Power 1992) and intertidal (Wootton 1992) and subtidal (Estes & Palmisano 1974) marine systems. In these systems, the standing crop of the plant community is reduced wholesale, and the substrate completely denuded, when predators do not suppress one or a few species of potent grazers. Most of these communities are characterized by simple food webs with little redundancy of consumers, and producers that are single-celled phytoplankton, diatoms, or macroalgae. Because of these factors, Strong (1992) has suggested that top-down control of primary production via trophic cascades may be an idiosyncratic attribute of simple, aquatic systems that are not buffered from run-away consumer effects by multiple predators, and are characterized by weedy, poorly defended primary producers. In general, Strong (1992) suggested that trophic cascades tend to be more important in aquatic vs. terrestrial systems, in simple vs. complex food webs, in homogenous vs. heterogeneous systems, in communities dominated by nonvascular plants (i.e., algae), and in systems where impalatable plants don't replace those that have been overgrazed.
Recent evidence from other systems, however, has suggested that communities dominated by more heavily defended vascular plants are also susceptible to cascading consumer effects. For example, Jackson (1997) has argued that, before humans colonized the Caribbean, large turtle and manatee populations exerted strong, top-down control on seagrasses, which are highly chemically-defended vascular plants, in shallow-water habitats. Consequently, the seagrass beds that have dominated the Caribbean this century may represent recent, human-induced release from consumer control. In terrestrial habitats, others have suggested that large grazing mammals, released from predation, can control vascular plant assemblages in a similar manner (Pace et al. 1999). Examples like these warn that the potential for top-down control of plant community structure may be more pervasive than currently envisioned, especially in those systems thought to be relatively unsusceptible to cascading consumer effects because of plant type and quality (e.g., impalatable, vascular plants, Strong 1992).
Trophic Cascades Across Diverse Ecosystems
Kelp Beds
Perhaps the best recognized example of a tri-trophic cascade comes from the Aleutian Islands and southeast Alaska, where sea otters (Enhydra lutris), invertebrate herbivores (i.e., sea urchins) and macroalgae demonstrate spatial and temporal density patterns suggesting widespread predator facilitation of plant persistence (Figure 2, Estes & Duggins 1995). Although a historically common component of near shore marine communities, sea otters were hunted to near extinction in the early part of the 20th century for their luxurious pelts and now patchily persist along the coast. Where sea otter populations have lingered, Estes & Duggins showed that they suppress the density and biomass of hold-fast grazing urchins and thus have a strong, indirect positive effect on the abundance of macroalgae (kelp). In contrast, at sites where sea otters have long been absent, sea urchin populations have swollen to high densities and maintain extensive urchin barrens characterized by low coverage of kelp. As sea otter populations have expanded into new sites in recent decades, predictable changes in the density of sea urchins, kelp, and the organisms that utilize the habitat created by healthy kelp beds, have been observed, demonstrating the potential for whole-ecosystem recovery with the reinstatement of predator populations (Estes & Duggins 1995).
\Figure 2
\(A) Keystone sea otter consuming an urchin. (B) Without sea otter predation on urchins, their numbers increase and a trophic cascade follows whereby huge urchin fronts form and mow down productive kelp beds, transforming them to crustose algal barrens.
Mountain Forests
Since the 1920s, the spatial extent of trembling aspen forests (Populus tremuloides) has decreased significantly, and the age distribution of remnant trees shifted toward older individuals, indicating widespread recruitment failure of this critical habitat-forming species in mountain forests of the western US (Ripple & Larson 2000). The loss of aspen has been correlatively linked with the extirpation of grey wolves (Canus lupus) from Yellowstone National Park from the 1880s-1920s and subsequent increase in browsing pressure on aspen suckers, the clonal offspring that maintain aspen stands, exerted by herds of elk, Cervus elaphus (Figure 3). Over the past decade, grey wolves have been re-introduced to this region, affording scientists the opportunity to study the mechanisms underlying this apparent trophic cascade that mediates tree dynamics in these mountainous landscapes. Using GPS trackers to monitor movement patterns of elk, a recent study proposed that elk avoid 'risky' areas with high densities of grey wolves and spend more time in alternate habitats where wolf densities are lower, thereby relaxing local browsing pressure on aspen suckers in high-risk foraging areas (Fortin et al. 2005). Although this suggestion of wolf led trophic cascade is controversial and has been challenged recently (Kauffmann et al. 2010), these findings point to the presence of a behaviorally-mediated trophic cascade in which grey wolves have an indirect positive effect on aspen survivorship and growth by altering the foraging patterns of elk grazers. More research, however, is needed to resolve these food web connections!
Figure 3
Proposed trophic cascade in Yellowstone National Park. Wolves (A) by affecting both the behavior and the densities of elk (B) indirectly increase the success of the elk's preferred prey, aspen saplings (c), dramatically affecting the structure of plant communities over large spatial scales.
Tropical Rainforests
Seven years after a manmade impoundment created a network of islands in the midst of a Venezuelan rainforest, John Terborgh and his colleagues took advantage of this natural experiment and compared the abundance of predators of invertebrates (birds, lizards, anurans, and spiders), seed predators (rodents), and herbivores (howler monkeys, iguanas, and leaf-cutter ants) on islands with and without vertebrate predators to assess the potential for a trophic cascade. Compared to islands with predators, they found a hyper-abundance of seed predators and herbivores, and a significant depression in recruitment of seedlings and saplings of canopy-forming trees on predator-free islands (Figure 4, Terborgh et al. 2001). This dramatic shift in community structure revealed that consumer densities are not limited by food availability as historically thought, but rather by strong top-down control. Consequently, even in tropical rainforests characterized by complex food webs and high primary productivity, where trophic cascades were thought to be inconsequential, the removal of top-down regulation can elicit a meltdown in the stability and structure of biological communities (Terborgh et al. 2001).
Figure 4
Dramatic impacts of trophic cascade in the hyper diverse tropical rain forests of Central America. With predators, the green ecosystem is intact (A). Without predators, herbivores increase in number and decimate the understory (B).
Salt Marshes
Salt marshes are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth. For over 60 years, marshes have been viewed as the classic example of a bottom-up regulated system dominated by relatively unpalatable plants controlled by physical conditions and nutrients. Recent research throughout the Western Atlantic has shown that these ecosystems are under strong consumer control by crabs (Holdredge et al. 2009), snails (Figure 5, Silliman & Zieman 2002) and snow geese (Jefferies et al. 1997), and that, in the southern US, plant growth is ultimately controlled by a powerful trophic cascade (Silliman & Bertness 2002). In these southern marshes, experimental manipulation of consumers showed that the most common snail in the salt marsh ecosystem, long thought to be a detritivore specialist, actually controls marsh plant growth by farming fungus on live plant tissue. At high densities, this plant-grazing snail can kill marsh grass and convert salt marshes to exposed mudflats. Blue crabs, by controlling the abundance and distribution of snails, anchor and complete this newly discovered trophic cascade (Figures 5 and 6). When blue crab densities have dropped due to drought stress, snail numbers have increased and mowed down marshes creating a mosaic of vegetated and exposed mudflat patches (Silliman et al. 2005). Combined, these findings reveal that bottom-up and top-down forces are both key determinants of this key coastal plant community.
Figure 5
(A) High density of fungal-farming snails mowing down a salt marsh. (B) Close-up of marsh periwinkle snail grazing a wound on live plant tissue infected with their preferred food: ascomycete fungi.
Conclusions and Conservation Implications
Trophic cascades are powerful interactions that strongly regulate biodiversity and ecosystem function. Trophic cascades were originally thought to be rare, but now we understand that they occur across diverse terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, and are common features of many green plant communities, including vascular plant assemblages, long thought to be resistant to consumer control. Although we know that trophic cascades can be more powerful under certain conditions, for example climate stress and nutrient enrichment in salt marshes, much research is needed in this area to refine our understanding of when and where trophic cascades will be important.
One of the traditional paradigms of natural resource management is that forcing functions across trophic levels are considered largely bottom-up in nature (Estes & Peterson 2000). Temperate and tropical forests, kelp beds, grasslands, and salt marsh communities, have long been viewed as classic examples of bottom-up regulated systems dominated by relatively unpalatable plants controlled by physical conditions and nutrients. Accordingly, the conservation of these and other plants systems have generally neglected top-down effects in management and conservation efforts for over half of a century. Results from the studies described above call into question the dominance of the bottom-up only paradigm and its wide-scale application to conservation and restoration of plant ecosystems. Managers and ecologists will need to reevaluate their understanding of controls on plant communities and incorporate top-down effects into their conservation plans. Failure to identify and integrate top-down forces may lead to trophic cascades transforming highly diverse and productive plant communities to barren or almost barren flats, with concomitant loss of associated biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Figure 6
The salt marsh trophic cascade.
References and Recommended Reading
Anderson, C. & Lee, S. Y. Defoliation of the mangrove Avicennia marina in Hong Kong: Cause and consequence. Biotropica 27, 218-226 (1995).
Carpenter, S. R., Kitchell, J. F. & Hodgson, J. R. Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity. BioScience 35, 634-639 (1985).
Dayton, P. K. "Toward an understanding of community resilience and the potential effect of enrichments to the benthos at McMurdo Sound." Proceedings of the Colloquium on Conservation Problems in Antarctica, ed. B. C. Parker. Allen Press, 1972.
Estes, J. A. & Duggins, D. O. Sea otters and kelp forests in Alaska: Generality and variation in a community ecological paradigm. Ecological Monographs 65, 75-100 (1995).
Estes, J. A. & Palmisano, J. F. Sea otters: Their role in structuring nearshore communities. Science 185, 1058-1060 (1974).
Estes, J. A. & Peterson, C. H. Marine ecological research in seashore and seafloor systems: Accomplishments and future directions. Marine Ecology Progress Series 195, 281-289 (2000).
Feller, I. C. The role of herbivory by wood-boring insects in mangrove ecosystems in Belize. Oikos 97, 167-176 (2002).
Fortin, D. et al. Wolves influence elk movements: Behavior shapes a trophic cascade in Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 86, 1320-1330 (2005).
Hairston, N. G., Smith, F. E. & Slobodkin, L. B. Community structure, population control, and competition. The American Naturalist 94, 421-425 (1960).
Hard, J. S., Werner, R. A. & Holsten, E. H. Susceptibility of White Spruce to attack by Spruce beetles during the early years of outbreak in Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 13, 678-683 (1983).
Holdredge, C., Bertness, M. D. & Altieri, A. H. Role of crab herbivory in die-off of New England salt marshes. Conservation Biology 23, 672-679 (2009).
Jackson, J. B. C. Reefs since Columbus. Coral Reefs 16, S23-S32 (1997).
Jefferies, R. L. "Long-term damage to sub-artic coastal ecosystems by geese: Ecological indicators and measures of ecosystem dysfunction," Disturbance and Recovery in Artic Lands: An Ecological Perspective, NATO, ASI Series Volume 25, 151-165, ed. R. M. M. Crawford. Kluwer Academic Press, 1997.
Kauffman, M. J., Brodie, J. F. & Jules, E. S. Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade. Ecology 91, 2742-2755 (2010).
Owen, H. J. & Norton, D. A. The diet of introduced brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula in a low diversity New Zealand Nothofagus forest and possible implications for conservation management. Biological Conservation 71, 339-345 (1995).
Pace, M. L. et al. Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14, 483-488 (1999).
Power, M. E. Habitat heterogeneity and the functional significance of fish in river food webs. Ecology 73, 1675-1688 (1992).
Ripple, W. J. & Larson, E. J. Historic aspen recruitment, elk, and wolves in northern Yellowstone National Park, USA. Biological Conservation 95, 361-370 (2000).
Rose, C. D. et al. Overgrazing of a large seagrass bed by the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus in Outer Florida Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 190, 211-222 (1999).
Silliman, B. R. & Bertness, M. D. A trophic cascade regulates salt marsh primary production. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99, 10500-10505 (2002).
Silliman, B. R. et al. Drought, snails, and large-scale die-off of southern US salt marshes. Science 310, 1803-1806 (2005).
Strong, D. R. Are trophic cascades all wet-differentiation and donor-control in speciose ecosystems. Ecology 73, 747-754 (1992).
Terborgh, J. et al. Ecological meltdown in predator-free forest fragments. Science 294, 1923-1926 (2001).
Wootton, J. T. Indirect effects, prey susceptibility, and habitat selection: Impacts of birds on limpets and algae. Ecology 73, 981-991 (1992).


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Discover a new favourite or revisit a much-loved classic. From One Hundred Years of Solitude to The Secret History, these are the world's most iconic books.
In the Record Department of the sprawling Ministry of Truth, Winston Smith skilfully rewrites the past to appease the needs of the Party.
These spiritual reflections of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD 121-180) show a leader trying to make sense of himself and the universe, and cover diverse topics such as the question of virtue, human rationality and the nature of the gods.
Donna Tartt's The Secret History is the original American campus novel. When Richard Papen joins an elite group of clever misfits at his New England college, it seems he can finally become the person he wants to be.
Marlow, a ferry-boat captain on foreign assignment in the Congo, searches for the legendary and feared Mr. Kurtz, unprepared for what he will find.
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Explore hundreds of the world's finest works of literature, all in one place.
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The Pelican Shakespeare series incorporates more than thirty years of Shakespeare scholarship undertaken since the acclaimed original series, edited by Alfred Harbage, appeared between 1956 and 1967.


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Early Sermon
Podcast: Download
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Most Christians believe that they are called to witness to the person and work of Christ. Further, many Christians are paralyzed, often having no earthly idea of how to go about this task.
Join us as Joel Busby, from Grace Fellowship, shares a theological and practical framework for how to think about our personal role in celebrating and declaring the gospel.


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Their Parallel Lines tour was AMAZING! I remember seeing them from against the stage in San Francisco (was it the Warfield?). Debbie Harry tossed her sweaty towel right to me after wiping off her face. Kind of cool and gross, I suppose. The show was a memorable experience 🙂
Love the parody of disco in the video.


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FREE HIV Testing at Planned Parenthood December 1st
In recognition of World AIDS Day, Planned Parenthood will be offering free HIV tests at their health center in Salida on Friday, December 1st.
Testing will be available from 9 AM - 5 PM. Walk-ins are welcome, or appointments can by made by calling 719-539-7291 or going online at www.plannedparenthood.org.
There may be other comments on this topic on our Facebook page.


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Evidence abounds surrounding the use of personalisation in medicine. More and more when medicines are prescribed, several factors are taken into consideration that result in the tailoring of medicines to individual patients.
Considerations can be as simple as altering dosage for height and weight, or as complex as genomic testing for fast or slow metabolism of individual medicines.
However, one area of medicine that has been shown to benefit greatly from customisation is menopause.
Often referred to as "the symphony of hormones," a woman's endocrine balance is considered a complex and fluid cycle. The use of the tools for balancing these hormones can vary greatly from woman to woman.
As such, it is important that patient be clinically led in their hormone balancing program.
Since the "unopposed Estrogen" segment of the Women's Health Initiative was halted in 2004 – originally citing the increased risk of breast cancer in the participants of the study who were undergoing conventional HRT – many women have turned to BHRT for the level of customisation it offers, and to find comfort that these hormones are BioIdentical.
Hormonal balancing in women is a delicate process and one that requires the delicate tools provided by the customisation of a compounding pharmacy.
The use of hormones during menopause may relieve some of the following symptoms:
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- Osteoporosis
Find a doctor that can assist you with relief from these symptoms.


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AppnGame is the Best marketplace to Buy Android and iOS Source Code
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The sponsors of contents include PayPal, Microsoft, Google, Amazon web services, Temple, O'Rielly, and others. However, the idea of code market is new. It's timed for current game or app market development. You see lot of new ideas floating around in early 2001s; but, app development, web development and developer eco-system communities are changed now. It's now time for new and better way to buy and sell Android source code snippets and packages.
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|Scene Title
|Little People
|Miniature adults socialize in Flourish and Blotts, and new friends(?) are made.
|July 12, 1994
|Watch For
Flourish and Blotts
Flourish and Blotts is the premiere bookstore for all wizarding needs in London. Towards the end of summer, this is the only shop where Hogwarts students can purchase their required texts for their studies. Bookshelves fill up most of this room, from floor to ceiling and are jam packed with volumes ranging in size from that of a postage stamp to a paving stone. The contents of the books are as varied if not more than their sizes. Tomes range from the harmless to some that could burn out the eyes of the reader. Why on earth that would be for sale is anybody's guess, but there you have it. The books seem to be arranged by their subject matter by the harried shop keeper and assistants.
The summer afternoon in Diagon Alley is as warm and as inviting as any other, with fluffy clouds in the skies and a steady stream of all manners of people in and out of the street. Flourish and Blotts in particular has been busy as of late, due to the presence of Hogwarts students all seemingly coming in nearest the term date to get textbooks. Procrastination is a fine point of being a teenager, you see.
Already in the shop lined from top to bottom with books, is one little figure that does not seem very perturbed by any jostling going on around him as a small family gathers up their materials to go. Long hair curling down over the back of a finely made gray cloak, Rene stands almost against a tower of shelves with his hands holding onto a book that might look as if he would be liable to drop it if distracted. A heavy thing, with thick leather binding. Seemingly alone as well, the boy absently moves out of the way when the store patrons crowd him; this is a waiting game for the French boy- waiting for the best moment to swoop in and buy his stack of first year texts.
Sorrel sits up on a rung of a rolling ladder, above the jostle of the crowd below. This is so that she can peruse the rather large book open on her lap, which she flips through, in between bouts of looking up and around the shop. When she spots something interesting, which seems to happen at least every few minutes, a small leather-bound notebook is pulled out from where she has it tucked in beside her, and an self-inking quill used to jot down a quick note. "There's more room to stand over there," she comments, down to the tiny boy who's most recently caught her eye. Her tone is slightly that of a know-it-all, as she gestures towards a little space between a couple of dusty shelves.
Oh joy. People. And so many! Nessa is but one, struggling to weave between taller sorts who simply take no notice of her; she certainly doesn't look to be above simply shoving one or two out of the way, by the panicced cries of an older boy who got too close to the boxed in young girl and found himself suddenly shoved at chest height, toppling him in surprise. Rather than apologize or offer to help him pick up his books, Nessa merely pushes past and heads over — conveniantly toward Rene and the perched Sorrel. Not that she regards them with any familiarity — she has, after all, no idea whom they are. They simply aren't of a height where they'll walk into her, which pleases Nessa sufficiently.
Craning his head upwards towards that voice apparently addressing him, Rene peers past the edge of his hair at Sorrel. At first it does not look like he heard her, but soon enough he is sidestepping into that cozy little spot that adults could not possibly fit into. He even still has a view of the store, plus just a glance up would afford him another look at the helpful girl.
As Nessa nears the shelves surrounding him, Rene allows his eyes to find the other tiny frame. He has been also methodically examining the smallest kids coming in and out- just to see if they might be in his year by the books they purchase. While Hogwarts is not a place he is wanting to go, it is always best to keep tabs on ones peers, is it not?
"You're welcome," Sorrel offers back down to the tiny lad after he's moved. But she doesn't seem too put out by his silence, instead digging out her notebook to make another note about him, no doubt. She's just looking up from that when she spots Nessa weaving through the crowds, and decides she also seems interesting enough for a note of her own, which gets jotted down.
Though small enough for the older students to ram into, Nessa is mercifully at least not as small as Rene, especially being a girl — in that time of age where girls sprout over the boys to at least some degree. And so as she comes close, she sort of.. looms over him as she eyes him with a faint curiosity in her dark eyes, her head craning forward just a little. How peculiar! So tiny. But her eyes are averted before too long, glancing up once more upon Sorrel's perch, to which she quirks an eyebrow when she notices the other girl has started writing something after spying her.
The only real response that Nessa's peering gets her is when Rene knits both eyebrows together and aims them up at her. He would probably reprimand her verbally, but seeing as his voice is small and the store is loud, it would be lost on the moment. So instead, he just stares back and lifts his chin ever so slightly. Perhaps to accentuate his displeasure, the boy hefts the book in his hands a bit higher, but just enough to be able to watch over the top edge.
Sorrel finishes her note and then looks back down at the two little ones beneath her, leaning forward over her notes to give them both another proper look. "Hi," she calls back down after a moment, growing tired of the silence. Silence is boring. You can't learn anything from it! "Are you here to buy books?" Inquiring minds want to know. Though why they want to know remains to be seen. But there doesn't seem to be anything malicious about the question, just curious and perhaps a little forward.
"Yes," Nessa replies, her voice quick and curt — quick to speak as she must, but with clearly no love of the sport, so to speak. She keeps her eyes on Sorrel for several moments before Rene's defensive book-lifting catches her attention out of the corner of one eye.. she turns once more to look at the young boy, staring for several moments with her dark gaze. She then suddenly lifts one hand — which slowly but determinedly reaches out to try to grab at the edge of Rene's book, and push it down lower. Personal space? What's that?
Rene lilts up an answer too, somewhat muffled by the presence of his book. "Oui. Pour des 'ogwarts." Since when was English required in England? When Nessa reaches out to push the tome out of his frame, both tiny hands swing the book shut with a loud, papery, BANG, just missing her fingers. The blond boy bristles around the edges, but that moment fades in a few seconds of glaring the girl down. When he opens his mouth again, it is in a very thick, French accent. "Ce qui? Why must you keep staring? …ees not 'ard to look away, merci beaucoup." British Children. FFf.
"You're going to Hogwarts? Me too," Sorrel chimes in from above, though the sudden spirited interaction from the other two actually manages to shut her up for a moment. Huh. Okay then. "You're not from Britain though," she goes on after a moment. "Are you from France? How come you're going to Hogwarts? And why do you keep staring?" is offered all in one steady stream without a break, though obviously, different questions are meant for different people.
Despite the sudden slamming of the book closed, Nessa's fingers don't flinch — though after all is said and done, they do begin to slowly coil inward against her palm. She lowers her hand back down as she quietly listens ot the flurry of FONNY ACCENT, and she continues to stare the boy down just as she had. In fact, she barely seems to register Sorrel's question — until she answers, at first still keeping her eyes on Rene, then slowly turning her head to glance at the other girl. "I simply never expected to see someone so tiny here." She replies, in a quiet voice — perhaps she's misjudged Rene's age a bit.
The questions from Sorrel strike a rather sore and still raw spot for Rene, and he doesn't answer anything the entire way until Nessa replies to Sorrel about him. Still standing here, Hello? "Speak for yourself." His Rs trawling, As lengthening, and jaw setting, blue eyes fix themselves on the girl in front of him. "I am from France, an'I did not want to come to 'Ogwarts. I was going to go to Beauxbatons Academie, wit'my sister- until we moved." As the boy progresses, he seems to get more and more sour. "Now I am 'ere to get zee books for your silly 'Ogwarts- parce que de mon pere."
Here, have some more FONNY.
"Did you know that the national anthem of France was actually written in Strasbourg, even though it's called 'La Marseillaise'," Sorrel replies helpfully to all this French sulking going on below her. "It wasn't written in Marseille at all." Fascinating, isn't it? "How come you don't want to go to Hogwarts? What's so different about Beauxbatons? Or is it only because your sister goes there?" The questions don't ever really pause. She glances over at Nessa then, considering her in turn. "So are you at Hogwarts too? I'm only going into first year. I'm not sure what to expect." And that bothers her a little, not having the facts about it.
At the tirade of fonny accented words and French, Nessa simply listens quietly — and at Sorrel's more direct question toward her, she sharply darts her eyes over to the other girl. "Mm." She murmurs with a confirming upstroke and then a downstroke of her voice, as if that were a sufficient answer. Regarding the inquisitive girl for a few more moments, Nessa glances back toward Rene and then quickly speaks. "So, you don't have any friends?" She asks, in a rather neutral tone; she doesn't seem to be implying anything, but it certainly could be an accusatory question if it were in another tone of voice.
"Generations of my family 'ave gone to Beauxbatons. I was not about to change dat." Rene cuts himself off with rather good restraint now, not wanting to go on about how much he likes France more than Scotland, or how Hogwarts cannot possibly be a good school because of its primitive nature. So far, this country has not found a very warm place in his heart. "I will find a way to go back to France." Is his answer to Nessa, implying that despite his being here in Blotts, before the train comes he will be on another trip back home and does not need friends- why bother when you are not going to stay long? Somewhere, in his little preteen mind, he can do it. Woe be to him when he finds himself on the Hogwarts Express. Then he's going to need some friends.
Sorrel gives Nessa a longer look, clearly a little frustrated at her lack of extended answer. Still, it's enough to get another note written down in her book - or maybe that's regarding the little French one and his response. It's hard to tell, since she gives them both furtive looks as she scribbles with practised ease. "How are you going to get back to France? Do you have a portkey?" She's honestly curious. "Or maybe you learned how to fly a broomstick already?"
"I'll be your friend, then." Nessa replies, as if she'd simply chosen to hear only the parts of Rene's reply that she wished to hear. There is a faint sternness in her quiet voice. Sorrel, however, is given another regard of her dark eyes — and then she speaks again. "Rather, we'll be your friends." She corrects, appanarently volunteering Sorrel for the duty without asking; the serious expression her young face certainly doesn't look as if she's about to ask the other girl's opinion on the idea.
"Oui." Was that for the portkey or broomstick? Either way, the answer at least lets both of them know once more that maybe the little guy is bigger than his size.
But the next part? With the next part he simply stares back at Nessa, one brow lifted in question. Little Angry Fellow is not a very good first impression for anything, even trying to avoid making nice. A sigh escapes Rene's chest, passing out through his nose. He closes his eyes and looks about to rub at the bridge of his nose, however that never comes. Perhaps he does realize that the first questions only served to make him look a bit obnoxious.
"Tres bien." Very well. "If you want to be."
Sorrel looks over at Nessa with some surprise. They will? But she has to admit, the idea of friends isn't entirely objectionable, even if these two are pretty weird (as opposed to her exceedingly well-balanced and normal self, of course). "Yeah, all right," she agrees. There's another quick note jotted down and underlined twice: 'Friends', and then she snaps her notebook shut, though the quill remains out for the moment. "What are your names?" She's pretty sure that helps with the whole 'being friends' thing. She must have read about it once.
With that matter settled, Nessa's head turns toward Sorrel, and she manages a slow, wirey smile — it might even be a little.. creepy, were it taken out of context. "Nessa Elis." She replies quietly, before darting her eyes over toward Rene; after all, she has no idea who this person that she just declared she's going to be the friend of is either. Then again, those meant for Gryffindor aren't always known for their forethought and planning, save a few special cases.
Maybe this won't be so bad. They're both harmless girls, right? Rene holds that big book under one arm, using his other hand to pull his pale hair back from bunching at the neck of his little cloak; it falls down over a shoulder now instead, curling down his front. "Rene D'Allemagne." He answers and bends slightly at the waist to give off the supposed aura of trying to be more polite than he had been.
"All right. Nessa Elis. Rene D'Allemagne," Sorrel repeats, as though she's filing this away instead of writing it down. "And I'm Sorrel Hazard. So at least there's that done." She glances out over the store, but since no one's come looking for her yet, she figures she's safe to keep bonding with her new friends. "You're from France," she notes of Rene, so then, to Nessa: "Where are you from?"
"England." Nessa replies briefly, as if it weren't already pretty damned obvious. Seems she isn't one to easily spill information! Her reply is given without looking toward Sorrel, as Rene receives a faintly curious, intense peering for several moments — but she does eventually turn and look up toward the other girl, though her expression isn't exactly one of inquiring whether her answer was sufficient.
"Ees nice to meet you." Just barely still in between the shelves, Rene looks past Nessa as she looks away from him. There is an obvious opening over at the counter, and before Nessa has time to say 'Confugio', Rene has slipped out the crack past her and makes his way up to the front of the counter. Nessa Elis, Sorrel Hazard. He will remember them easily enough, so hopefully they'll not bother him while he stands on his toes to say something to the man behind the store desk.
While he leans back to grab onto a tied stack of textbooks, Rene first takes that leatherbound book in both hands to set it up on the counter(it takes him an extra second or three), then proceeds to dig around inside of his cloak.
Sorrel gives Nessa flat look in return as she again refuses to be more forthcoming in her answers. "Fine. Nessa Elis of England," she replies wearily, as if to say, 'if that's the way you want it'. "Right, yeah, you too," is offered a little more spiritedly to Rene, though Sorrel is a little surprised as he makes his break for it. She doesn't leave her ladder though, or make any attempt to stop him. Instead, the notebook is opened again so these new developments can be noted.
Simply standing there, Nessa glances over and watches as Rene escapes. Turning back toward Sorrel, she faintly lifts her eyebrows and stares at the other girl for a few moments. ".. I suppose I should get my things and go." She murmurs quietly, slowly lidding her eyes half-way as she does. "I'll see you again when school starts." She offers toward Sorrel, slowly lifting her hand for a subtle wave.
Out of Rene's pockets comes money, and a seemingly empty pack. However, when he opens said pack, and the books begin going inside- it is clear that the bag is enchanted. It does not bloat in size, and does not seem to get much heavier. After buying his textbooks plus that hefty volume, Rene slings the pack back up under his cloak. As a final gesture, he offers a flickeringly bright smile to the other first years, and a little wave to both before the little boy slips back out of Flourish and Blotts.
Sorrel returns Rene's wave, offering him a little grin of her own, hers a little more cheeky than bright, but sincere nonetheless. It doesn't entirely fade as it comes back to Nessa, though she's still a little sore about the difficulty of getting a straight answer. "All right. They have some extra copies of the Charms textbook over there, if they're running low at the front," she advises, pointing helpfully to another corner of the store. "The younger one put the box down about half an hour ago, and forgot about it. I'll see you at start of term."


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Around the latter half of the 1960's, in the academic circles around the world, and especially in the American academy, race and ethnicity came to the forefront as a new and important approach to the study of literature. Theorists belonging to all sorts of ethnic minority groups – Asian, African, Hispanic, etc. – became actively concerned with identity problems and with representing the white majority's others. They became involved with the way in which the life of ethnic minorities was represented in a society dominated for centuries by white interests and cultural institutions. They were among the first to realize that race was a social and cultural construct rather than a biological one. The new scholarship on race laid the foundations of a new and productive direction in literary and cultural studies. How this set of ideas is reflected in Toni Morrison's non-fiction and the way American dominant white culture defines itself in relation to a centuries old Africanist presence are the subject-matters of this paper.
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It's been a long time my dear Pimpirilinos!
Let's see…What I have been up to….
Since moving to UT, I've been crazy busy with school. I have loved every minute of it! Lots of camping, hiking and lots of school work! I decided to not only major in Architecture, but Urban Planning as well. I have fallen in-love with it and I'm very excited to learn more about it! I'm doing an internship with the cAP (College of Architecture and Planning)( http://www.arch.utah.edu/) and the Center for the Center for the Living City (http://janeswalkusa.wordpress.com/about-us/center-for-the-living-city/). I'm working with a project called "Jane's Walk". I am a coordinator for the States and Spanish outreach. We're also working with Chile and Argentina to get some walks there as well. Well you may be asking yourself…what is this Pam?
Jane's Walk is a coordinated series of free neighborhood walking tours given by locals who care passionately about where they live, work and play. Jane's Walk is about raising urban literacy by offering a pedestrian focused event that combines insights into urban history, planning, design and civic engagement with the simple act of walking and observing.
It's about getting out and walking, observing your city, meeting your neighbors, discovering new areas, and learning about civic institutions and agencies that shape our urban existence. Jane's Walk helps knit people together into a strong and resourceful community, instilling belonging and encouraging civic leadership.
Jane Jacobs (1916-2006) was an urbanist and activist whose writings championed a fresh, community-based approach to city building. She had no formal training as a planner, and yet her 1961 treatise, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, introduced ground-breaking ideas about how cities function, evolve and fail that now seem like common sense to generations of architects, planners, politicians and activists. A firm believer in the importance of local residents having input on how their neighborhoods develop, Jacobs encouraged people to familiarize themselves with the places where they live, work and play with words like these:
"No one can find what will work for our cities by looking at suburban garden cities, manipulating scale models, or inventing dream cities. You've got to get out and walk." - Downtown is for People, 1957.
Well my dear friends in this case, if any of you are interested in hosting a walk, or know of some one that might (anywhere in the country) or the world as a matter of fact! Let me know. You can go to http://janeswalkusa.wordpress.com/ to check it our and/or register.
Funny little story… When I first moved to my building, I was throwing boxes outside, and I see by the garbage a pile of books, and since I think it should be a sin to throw away books, I look through them to see if there was anything worth having. One of the two books I picked was "The Death and Life of Great American Cities", it's name caught my name. Not knowing …first day I show up to my honors Arch/Planning class it is one of the assigned books to read! Coincidence? I don't know...I was delighted! I started reading it, as it was assigned and during Xmas break I finished it! The class is still going, since it is a year long class. But when it comes to this book and I…well we're great friends! Later on while talking to a friend (The National Director for Jane's Walk) we realize that I could be a great asset to the team. I went thinking that I would help host walks in Chile, and it has now moved into something much bigger and I LOVE IT! I couldn't be happier! This is a great opportunity to do what I love and feel passionate about!
I love reading about your lives and adventures, I miss you all terribly! And hope to see you soon! I now should go get ready to go to physics class (not my favorite at this time)
Alright my Pimpirilinos…be good, take care and live strong!
Re: Announcing Baby Zufelt #
10 months ago


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The World Academy of Sport (WAoS) is in Bahrain this week to deliver the second module of a three part programme to the Bahrain Olympic Committee (BOC) which thus far has been described as "unique, helpful and highly recommended." WAoS strives to teach National Federations how to improve their effectiveness and ensure they can maintain a high level of professional management across sport in the country.
WAoS also looks at the wider picture at how a federation can act to improve in order to benefit the athlete and aid them on their path to success. By doing so, the BOC can reflect on their current systems and adapt them for the good of its athletes. The athlete is of course, at the heart of any national federation's structure.
The workshop, which began on Sunday 31st April, and carries on until 4th April, aims to define the athlete pathway - the road to success - and connecting it to the federation's operations.
Salman Hubail, who has a long history in sport, views the programme as an all round success.
Having entered the world of sport back in 1994 as an Administrator for the Sitra Basketball team, he was subsequently elected as Secretary General of the club in 2001 and today he works as an advisor to the board members. He admits however, that he expected little from the programme. "I've already attended what I believed was a similar sports management course, so I thought I would only gain a little from this programme." And with a brighter, more positive tone, he added: "But I can honestly say that I have learnt a lot during these first two modules." Swiftly expanding on his words, he retrospectively draws out one element from the course that helped set this programme aside from others. "Unlike previous sports management courses, this programme gave the chance for discussion, presenting ideas and interacting. Previously I was just answering questions, but now I am given the chance to interact, and I find it very helpful"
In all, it goes to show that, no matter how experienced you are in your field of work, there are always new ideas and strategies to adopt, new suggestions to consider and different ways to improve. As successful as the programme has been for WAoS, what matters more, what is truly important is that those attending the programme can learn from what is said by the presenters and fellow participants. That they take on board new ideas and utilize them to improve the standard of their work throughout Bahrain, which makes WAoS a long term, beneficial difference.
The topic of conversation moves on to looking forward, to the future. As he says so himself, he has acquired a wealth of new ideas, but does he have any plans to capitalize on this information? "Yeah, for sure," is his sharp, succinct answer; "especially for designing a strategic plan."
The last thing Salman says, as he wraps up his thoughts and feelings on the programme, ring true to WAoS' overall philosophy of creating a long term difference. He puts it simply but it is all that needs to be said about the work of WAoS and the programme: "I have certainly learnt a lot of practical information to help me in my career."
The third and final workshop takes place in Bahrain in 16th-20th June 2013.


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The generosity of alumni, parents and friends is essential to the College's ability to provide an extraordinary education. Columbia College is pleased to recognize our donors in the following ways:
The John Jay Associates are the leadership donors of Columbia College. Their generosity and dedication to Columbia College provides inspiration to fellow alumni, parents and friends.
The Centennial Circle is a prestigious leadership giving society set up in honor of the 100th anniversary of the Core Curriculum at Columbia College.
The Alumnae Legacy Circle (ALC) is a new leadership giving society that provides the opportunity for the women of Columbia College to unleash the potential of female-driven philanthropy through a collective increase in alumnae leadership donors to the College Fund.
The mission of the Columbia College Young Leaders Council (YLC) is to help the Columbia College Fund achieve its ambitious goals in support of financial aid, the Core Curriculum, student internships and student services by building a strong foundation of young alumni leadership donors.
Every five years, classes come together and give back. Whether you want to volunteer with your class gift committee, work with the Columbia College Alumni Association on reunion programming, or make a gift in support of your class's reunion effort, we encourage you to join your fellow classmates in celebrating our Columbia College community. From the 5th Reunion to the 60th Reunion and beyond, Reunion efforts build community and form the cornerstone of the Columbia College Fund.
Core to Commencement Founding Donors are those donors who have contributed at the John Jay Associates level from the beginning of the campaign.
The 1754 society is the University's honorary society for alumni and friends of Columbia who have made future plans for the University through trust, estate, or other future gifts. Named for the year in which King's College was established, the Society recognizes the vital role benefactors have played over the centuries in Columbia's emergence as a preeminent educational institution and the role they play today in ensuring its continued preeminence.
The Columbia College Report celebrates academics and research opportunities, global offerings, new entrepreneurship programs, renowned Core Curriculum, and the ways in which our current and former students are giving back and building connections and community.
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text: GSR Posted August 25, 2015 (edited) Boy, this hasn't happened in a while. A new Bionicle book! Frankly, I'm not sure what the procedure is here, but an official topic for discussion seems nice. Bionicle Chapter Book #1: Island of the Lost Masks will be available August 25th, 2015! You can purchase it either as a paperback or digitally through Amazon (note: digital release may not be available in all regions.) Do be considerate with plot details! Stuff we already know the gist of from animations/etc. is fine to talk about openly, but at least for the first few days (per policy), please use spoiler tags to discuss plot events closer to the end of the book. Happy reading! Edited August 25, 2015 by GSR 4 Quote Hey: I'm not very active around BZP right now. However, you can always contact me through PM (I have email notifications set up) and I will reply as soon as I can. Useful Topics: The Q&A Compendium | The Official RPG Planning Topic Stories: Fractures | An Aftermath | Three Stories | LSO 2012 Epics: Team Three | The Shadow and the Sea | The Days They Were Needed | Glitches | Transformations | Echoes | The Kaita and the Storyteller | Nui BZPRPG: Komae · Soraya · Bohrei Blog: Defendant Lobby no. 42 Share this post Link to post Share on other sites