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7 Things To Expect When Browsing Secondhand Watches For Sale
What to Expect If Browsing Secondhand Watches For Sale
Don't get taken advantage of. Read this guide before you make a purchase.
Watches are a simple and classic accessory that will make you look classy and sophisticated no matter where you're headed. But oftentimes the high end watches that many people want to add to their collection will cost thousands of pounds if you buy it new.
Secondhand watches for sale can significantly reduce the cost of these luxury items without sacrificing any of the style or status of such an item.
Buying secondhand items can be a tricky business: between fake items, damaged goods, and unreliable sellers, you have to be careful when buying secondhand.
That's why we've written this guide on what to expect when looking for secondhand watches for sale. Listen to our advice carefully so you won't be scammed or taken advantage of by a shady watch seller.
1. Some Watches Won't Work
This would probably be the worst case scenario that you would encounter: you find the perfect watch, take it home, and discover that it doesn't work. This could be because of a broken dial, a dead battery, or simply just old age.
Speak to the seller and examine the watch before you buy it. Also, check the seller's return policy in case you get a broken item.
If it's working, great. If it isn't, make sure you understand exactly what's wrong with it before you buy. It's up to you to decide whether the watch is worth paying to fix or if you should keep searching for one that is in proper working order.
2. Watch Out for Damage
Besides being broken, many secondhand watches for sale will have damage. This could include scratches, dents, or other wear-and-tear damages.
Let's face it: used watches will have some damage. They're worn on the wrist and can easily be banged up with everyday wear.
Minor damage is acceptable, but, obviously, it's your call on how much damage you're willing to overlook when purchasing a secondhand watch.
3. Warranties and Insurance
Even secondhand luxury watches will be quite costly. If you're worried about damaging or breaking your new precious accessory, some secondhand watch sellers will provide you with a warranty and insurance on the watch.
You might not think this is necessary, but this is a great benefit to look out for when buying secondhand. You're shelling out the big bucks for a luxury item, so you might as well look for a seller that will provide you with protection.
4. Fake Watches
Some untrustworthy watch sellers will try and trick you into paying full price for a fake brand name watch. Fake Rolexes are notoriously common.
You want to be sure that you're getting the real deal, especially when you're paying what amounts to thousands of pounds.
So how can you tell a fake vs. a real brand name watch? The first step would be to look at your seller. If they're selling watches on the side of the road out of the boot of their car, chances are the watches aren't legit.
Do your research on the seller and their reputation. Do they have a professional website? What about customer reviews? Can you return the watch if you have an issue with it?
Asking yourself these questions will save you from buying a fake watch from an unreliable seller. You can also look at pictures of real vs. fake brand name watches so you're prepared going into a buying situation.
5. Complete Set vs. Watch Only
You can buy a secondhand watch by itself, or you can buy the watch along with the box, papers, manuals, and service history. These items may or may not be important to you. If you're a collector or you want to have proof that the watch is the real deal, the complete set is crucial.
Another upside to getting the complete set is the access to the service history. Knowing the service history of the watch will give you information about both the wear and tear of the watch you're buying as well as how well kept the item is.
However, if you're going through a reliable seller and you're getting a very good price for the watch you've had your eye on, maybe you won't care if you don't get the papers or the original box with your purchase. Just keep both sides in mind when you're looking at secondhand watches for sale.
6. Reliable vs Unreliable Sellers
We mentioned this point briefly when we talked about spotting fake watches. But it isn't always easy to spot an unreliable seller; not all of them sell watches out of the side of a van.
Reliable sellers will look and act professionally. They'll have professional, nice looking websites alongside testimonials from previous customers. They'll have guarantees and an option to return if you're unsatisfied with the product or have any issues with the watch.
An unreliable seller will be hard to get in contact with and will probably have either bad reviews or no reviews at all. Beware of eBay sellers: there might but a reliable one on there, but there are too many eBay horror stories to count.
As long as you do your research on the seller and stay smart, you should be alright.
7. Price Differences
It's easy to get caught up in getting a good deal, but what are you sacrificing for the lower price? A word of caution: things are usually listed as cheaper for a reason.
If you find a Rolex or a luxury watch listed for way less than other sellers, you should be suspicious. It's probably a fake or has damage that would end up making it a bad buy.
It's hard to shell out a lot of money for a luxury item, but paying the price something is worth will almost guarantee a good purchase as opposed to getting a bargain and ending up with a cheap knockoff or a broken watch.
What to Expect When Looking at Secondhand Watches for Sale
Looking for the next watch to add to your collection is exciting and fun. But you want to make sure you get exactly what you're looking for, even if you choose to buy the watch secondhand.
We have extensive buying guides that can help you during your search. We also offer a wide selection of high-quality secondhand watches. Feel free to contact us with any questions.


text: Favor Talents is a management for a select group of European talent. Our actors work throughout film, television and theatre. We offer them total business support as well as personal and professional support within the industry. We coach those with exceptional talent to a higher level and we nurture careers with care. Together we search for new ways of finding work within the industry, such as using our network, marketing and a career plan. We are a member of the N.A.A. (The Dutch Agency Association).

subset: commoncrawl


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Cairo, CSF, Egypt, Hamada Saber, Morsi
Originally published in the Independent, 4 February 2013
When disturbing video footage emerged of a naked man being brutally beaten by riot police as he lay cowering on the roadside on Friday night, many Egyptians compared the scenes to the worst abuses of state power under former president Hosni Mubarak's regime.
But as anti-government vitriol mounted – fuelled by the no-holds-barred TV clips showing baton-wielding officers hauling their victim across the asphalt – a strange thing happened.
The man at the centre of the storm, an impoverished 50-year-old painter called Hamada Saber, emerged on state television and blamed protesters for the violent attack.
Lying in his bed at the police hospital after the assault, he told an interviewer that he had been stripped of his clothes by anti-government demonstrators then robbed.
The startling volte-face appeared to take the heat off the Egyptian government, which had been facing a renewed excoriation over its failure to reform the reviled police service.
Yet tonight the spotlight again fell on President Mohamed Morsi and his cabinet after lawyers and activists voiced suspicion that Mr Saber had been forced to doctor his account of what really happened on Friday night.
According to Ragia Omran, a lawyer who worked to find Mr Saber after he was attacked, Mr Saber's relatives soon became suspicious about the reasons behind his sudden U-turn.
Ms Omran, who was in contact with Mr Saber's half-brother as they tried to locate him, said that in the wake of the beating and subsequent maelstrom of publicity, she believed the authorities had mounted an elaborate damage control exercise to cover up the incident.
"Why would they have taken him to a hospital only used by police officers?" she said, adding that another video was now circulating online in which Mr Saber purportedly admits the complicity of the security services.
The row over police brutality comes at a sensitive time for Mr Morsi, a long-time Muslim Brotherhood figure who has been accused by his opponents of betraying the 2011 uprising.
Over the past week, Egyptians have been marking the second anniversary of the insurrection by tallying up the latest death statistics in a nation wracked by political unrest.
Nearly 60 people have been killed so far following the clashes that erupted last week.
Most of the violence, which included gun battles on the streets of Port Said between protesters and the security services, has been directed at the police – an institution which has remained largely unreformed since Mubarak was toppled two years ago.
In a report released last week, Human Rights Watch lambasted Mr Morsi for the lacklustre progress he had made since being elected last summer.
"Six months after President Mohamed Morsi assumed power, criminal defamation and blasphemy prosecutions are increasing, police torture with impunity remains endemic, and civilians continue to face trials before military courts," the report said.
Maha Maamoun, a human rights activist, accused President Morsi of continuing the abuses of his predecessor, adding that the case of Hamada Saber was evidence that the "revolution hadn't happened".
"The revolution was against police brutality," she added. "People were marching against the police as a basic demand. But there has been no reform. Nothing. If anything it is getting worse."


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Hello! My name is Nadia and I am a happy and open Ukrainian Girl living in Kiev. I have a small shop in central Kiev where I sell Soda, Candy, Magazines, and much more. I have had this shop for 3 years and it is getting better. But I am a Ukrainian Single Girl and I would like to change.
I am looking for a man who likes to travel and likes to cuddle and be romantic evenings at home. I am looking for a man who knows what he wants and who are looking for a Ukrainian Girl to marry or at least a relationship with the intention to get married when the time is good.
Who do you getting? Well, I'm a Ukrainian Girl who likes Romantic evenings at home with good food. I love to fish, and in the summer I like to go to the lake and swim a bit and then sunbathe on the rocks to together with some friends.
I like to walk in the forest and listen to the animals and I love to pick mushrooms that I take home with me and so I took a piece of meat and I'll do a good mushroom sauce that my Ukrainian grandmother taught me.
There is so much I would like to do with a nice and lovely man who is really serious. I hope that you, who just want to play with me, do not try to contact me. I am waiting for the right one and I hope you write soon to me. Hug Nadia, You can also find me on
Ukraine Date.com


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Bob Alan Estes (born February 2, 1966) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour.
Estes was born in Graham, Texas and reared in Abilene, Texas. He first played golf at age 4 and decided to become a professional golfer at age 12. Estes attended the University of Texas from 1984–1988, and was a member of the golf team. He won the 1988 Haskins Award for most outstanding collegiate golfer in the nation.
Estes had four PGA Tour victories between 1994 and 2002. He is particularly well known for his excellent short game. Estes follows a strict physical conditioning routine that includes weightlifting, agility exercises, diet and short-distance wind sprints. In addition, he has experimented with the ten finger grip, which is rare in the modern game of golf.


text: June 25th, 2017. I knew about this place when it opened for the first time at Neo SOHO Mall. KING MANGO THAI is happening, guys! LOL. It's brand from Thailand, and it's the new hype I think. I came today since it's holiday and my hubby could keep me company. Yaaaaay. Are you ready toContinue reading "KING MANGO THAI at Neo SOHO Mall Letjen S Parman Jakarta"


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Staffing consists of 580 employees, of whom 154 are fully accredited librarians, plus volunteers. The system comprises one central library and 20 branch libraries, plus 2 bookmobiles. Annual expenditures on the library collection total $8,000,000. Patrons make 7,200,000 visits annually, and check out materials 15,400,000 times. Thirty-five percent of all check-outs are children's materials.
This facility houses administative offices. Branch libraries are listed below.
Other Public Libraries nearby:
(Alexandria) Alexandria Public Library
(Centerburg) Centerburg Public Library
(Springfield) Clark County Public Library
(Columbus) Columbus Metropolitan Library
(Zanesfield) Dr. Earl S. Sloan Library
(Lancaster) Fairfield County District Library


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Need assistance? Call/ Whatsapp our stylists at +91-9990224411 / 9810044628| Register and get 10% off on your first order * Use code First10 *T&C Applied
test USD
Need assistance? Call/ mwhatsappicon our stylists at +91-9990224411 / 9810044628
To buy a product just search for it, using our search tool or you can also browse through the category of your choice. Just click on and experience the best online shopping experience again.
Featuring an apricot A line kurta tailored in chanderi with check pattern yoke and rose embroidered motif. It comes along with a pair of matching pants in cotton silk. It comes along with a gold organza dupatta.
This product will be shipped to you after 5 weeks. For customised sizes, please click on the custom made tab and fill the form. Custom made/Made on orders can not be exchanged or returned.
Read our Privacy and cookie Policy here
© 2019 carmaonlineshop.com


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Have you ever read a book that was inviting and endearing, but the words ran all the way to the edge of the book? Probably not. Stories without margins are nearly impossible to enjoy reading. It's the same with life stories. Margin is not the wasted space on the page where more words could have gone if only we would knuckle-down and work harder. Margin is the place where the words we carefully … [Read more...] about Marginal Faith: You Probably Should Be Doing Less
The Triune God & Gospel of Christ
The Beautiful Irony of Ladysmith Black Mambazo's Amazing Grace
You can't imagine how this music (below) takes me back. It takes me back to a dusty township and dirty children, smiling wide, excited to come to church. It takes me back to Africa, to the beautiful Zulus I shared life with as a boy. My father, who planted a Zulu church along with a Zulu pastor, used to joke that you could tap the next five Zulu men you met and if you put them together you'd have … [Read more...] about The Beautiful Irony of Ladysmith Black Mambazo's Amazing Grace
Puzzling Out Where Stories Collide
The man who designed the cover of The Green Ember is named Paul Boekell. In fact, after an early version of the design, I asked Paul to make the author name just a bit bigger. "I think I know what Sam is after," he said. "This will definitely be the final version." So with some excitement, I clicked on the attachment. This is what I saw. Awesome, right? I laughed so hard when I saw this that I … [Read more...] about Puzzling Out Where Stories Collide
To Fast or Too Fast?
Here are two short sections from a wonderful piece about fasting (and feasting) from Peter Leithart. It's a very positive article about the part of Christianity that is saying "no." A good read for modern people unaccustomed/hostile to hearing "no" and for ordinary evangelicals (like me) still a little confused about Lent. I strongly recommend it all.... -- This helps us see where Adam's fast … [Read more...] about To Fast or Too Fast?
We Are Works, and Workers, of Art
Made in God's image, to subcreate. Look no further... This was all over, but worth sharing again. HT: The San Fransisco Globe … [Read more...] about We Are Works, and Workers, of Art
Wonder Rush
I love this. This is great. Thanks, Josh Bishop. HT: Oikonomia … [Read more...] about Wonder Rush
On Love: I Have Never Not Needed To Hear This
"There is no safe investment. To love at all is to be vulnerable. Love anything, and your heart will certainly be wrung and possibly be broken. If you want to make sure of keeping it intact, you must give your heart to no one, not even to an animal. Wrap it carefully round with hobbies and little luxuries; avoid all entanglements; lock it up safe in the casket or coffin of your selfishness. But in … [Read more...] about On Love: I Have Never Not Needed To Hear This
Getting Serious About Laughter
Did you hear the one about the family that never laughed? It's a bad one and not worth retelling. Laughter is a wonderful ingredient to add to the mix of family life. When Dad and Mom can't or don't laugh, then children fail to develop part of what it means to be a mature human. God made us to laugh and when we laugh we feel alive. According to Science, laughter is good for our health. And we … [Read more...] about Getting Serious About Laughter


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Mrs. Frey holds the administrative support position in the Junior High front office. Her job revolves around the students. She handles the reception desk, the attendance program, and the daily announcements. She also functions as the conduit between students and families during the school day.
Mrs. Chandler is the assistant to Principal Shen. She is also the office manager, does all the ordering, and handles the bookkeeping.
Absence: If your child will be absent from school, please call the safe arrival line before 8:00am (978-264-4700 ext. 3333). If you call after 8:00, use extension 3304. State your child's first and last name, spell the last name, give the grade and team, and give a brief reason for the absence.
Tardy: If your child will be tardy to school and will miss homeroom, please call the safe arrival line or the front office. Remind your child to check-in at at the office upon arrival. All students who are not in homeroom when the bell rings at 8:00am, even if they are in school, must check in at the office or they will be marked absent.
Dismissals: Students who will be dismissed during the school day need a note from home signed by a parent or guardian stating the time of dismissal and whether or not the student will return that day. You may write a note or print a dismissal form. Students should bring the note or completed form to the office first thing in the morning. They will be given a pass to leave class at the appropriate time. They should check in at the office as they are leaving and again when they return.
Students are not allowed to use cell phones at any time between the start of school at 8:00am and dismissal at 2:36pm. If you need to get a message to your child, you may leave it with Mrs. Frey. There is a phone in the office that students are allowed to use should they need to reach you.
Parents may bring forgotten lunches, homework, gym clothes, etc. to the front office. Please mark all items with your child's first and last name, grade, and team. Students will be called to the office during morning announcements (8:00am) and afternoon announcements (1:20 pm). During the morning, we post an e-mail to all teachers with a list of students who have items or messages at the office. Students are always welcome to stop by if they are expecting something from home. They don't need to wait to hear from the office.
Bus passing at the junior high is limited due to the bus capacities. Passes will be issued in cases of family emergencies, child-care requirements, or scheduled after-school activities, such as a dance class, karate class, art or music lessons, etc. Passes will be issued only for an existing stop on one of the regular routes. Parents may send a note to school with their child explaining the need for the bus pass. Busses cannot accommodate a large group of extra students, like a scout troupe or team. A valid bus pass issued by the junior high office must be presented to the driver. Students should come to the office to request a bus pass early in the day so that the staff will have time to get approval from the transportation office.
Copyright © 2019 ABRSD. All Rights Reserved. ABRSD does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, disability, pregnancy and pregnancy-related conditions, age, active military/veteran status, ancestry, or national or ethnic origin in the administration of its educational policies, employment policies, and other administered programs and activities. In addition, students who are homeless or of limited English-speaking ability are protected from discrimination in accessing the course of study and other opportunities available through the schools. Read our Nondiscrimination Notice and Website Accessibility Statement.


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If you frequently chew gum, you may believe that it's simply a harmless habit. You may even chew sugar-free gum with the intuition that chewing sugar-free gum can cut needless calories. While this is true, gum, like most pleasures, should be enjoyed in moderation.
The fact of the matter is that chewing gum can cause TMJ disorder. TMJ disorder is a condition that affects numerous people, and it can severely hinder your life. TMJ disorder can cause migraine headaches and extreme jaw pain. However, the Houston TMJ dentists at The Houston Dentists want to show you how gum chewing can cause this serious condition, and they want to illuminate how this condition can be alleviated through TMJ treatment.
What is TMJ
TMJ disorder is a condition that affects your temporomandibular joint. This joint connects your jaw to your temporal muscles, and it is directly related to helping you chew.
TMJ disorder stems from a dislocation of the cartilage in this joint, causing severe pain and other problems.
What Are The Symptoms of TMJ Disorder?
There are several symptoms associated with TMJ disorder. These include:
- Migraine headaches
- Jaw pain
- Locking of the jaw
- Difficulty chewing
- Ear pain
- Dizziness
- Ringing in the ears
TMJ disorder is a common cause of migraine headaches, and it often goes undiagnosed. That's why you need effective TMJ treatment from our TMJ treatment dentists in Houston.
How Can Gum Chewing Cause TMJ?
Like any of the muscles in your body, overuse can cause exhaustion. Imagine if you suddenly increased your exercise routine. For example, if you routinely bench pressed 150 pounds and then suddenly increased this to 250 pounds. Undoubtedly, this would cause extreme muscle exhaustion and other serious muscle conditions.
Chewing gum causes TMJ because chewing gum uses this muscle, and chewing gum excessively leads to overuse of this muscle, just like an extreme workout routine.
Therefore, frequent gum chewers should be warned that excessive gum chewing overuses these muscles and can lead to TMJ. In turn, gum chewing excessively can lead to migraine headaches and extreme jaw pain.
How Can I Avoid TMJ Disorder?
If you're suffering from TMJ and you chew gum, the first thing you should do is to lay off excessive gum chewing!
If you stop chewing gum excessively, this will take the stress off of this muscle, thereby helping to alleviate TMJ disorder.
Secondly, you should seek TMJ treatment from our Houston TMJ treatment dentists.
Our TMJ treatment dentists will compose a customized plan to treat your TMJ, thereby alleviating this pain and giving you strategies to avoid TMJ problems in the future. Remember, if you're looking for high quality TMJ treatment, you need TMJ disorder treatment from an experienced TMJ doctor.
An experienced TMJ doctor will know exactly what is causing your TMJ disorder, and therefore will be able to effectively treat TMJ.
Choosing Our TMJ Dentists
When you choose our TMJ dentists, you can rest assured that you are choosing some of the top Houston TMJ dentists. Dr. Tom Hedge and Dr. Kathy Frazar have years of experience in the treatment of TMJ. For a complimentary consultation about TMJ, call The Houston Dentists today at 713-701-1783.


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Kiddie Kitchen 9
Cook | Cooking | Cooking Show | Food
Hey there! Are you also here to learn the chicken cacciatore? Great, we were just about to start! Watch the recipe and the steps carefully and you can make this at home! It is delicious and not a wide known recipe, so you can impress your friends with it!


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14k yellow gold medium lock with sapphires
marla aaron 14k yellow gold medium lock with sapphires
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all available inventory will ship within 1 business day via UPS ground. flat rate ups ground shipping for $8 on all orders. shipping rates and return policy.


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This review compared the effectiveness and adverse effects of latanoprost versus brimonidine for treating open-angle glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The authors concluded that latanoprost is more effective in reducing intraocular pressure than brimonidine and that brimonidine causes more fatigue than latanoprost. The review was generally well-conducted and the conclusions are likely to be reliable.
To compare the effectiveness and adverse effects of latanoprost with brimonidine for treating open-angle glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Science Citation Index were searched through March 2006; the search terms were reported. The Cochrane CENTRAL Register (Issue 1, 2006), Current Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, CenterWatch and the National Research Register were also searched. References of included publications were handsearched. There were no restrictions on language, date or publication status.
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that lasted at least 1 month were eligible for inclusion. Both parallel and crossover trials were included.
Eligibility for inclusion was restricted to trials directly comparing latanoprost and brimonidine, either as sole glaucoma therapy or comparing latanoprost plus additional anti-glaucoma agent(s) with brimonidine plus the same anti-glaucoma agent(s). Additional anti-glaucoma drugs used concurrently with the interventions in the included trials were topical beta-blockers, dorzolamide and pilocarpine. Treatment durations ranged from 1 to 12 months.
Studies of patients with a diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma or ocular hypertension were eligible for inclusion. There were no age or gender restrictions on the participants. The included trials had mean patient ages ranging from 52 to 77 years, and all included both male and female patients. Trials included both treatment-naive and already-treated patients, but the numbers of these patients were not clear.
Trials which assessed efficacy and/or tolerability were eligible for inclusion. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction over the course of the trial was the primary measure used to evaluate efficacy. If available, daily mean IOP values were used. Only 3 trials reported the maximum IOP reduction after drug administration. Other outcomes reported were measures of ocular haemodynamics, and adverse events including a number of eye problems (e.g. problems with eyelids and eyelashes), fatigue and headache.
Two reviewers independently assessed the relevance of primary studies. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion or by a third reviewer. Authors were contacted to clarify duplications and in those cases only the most complete trial was included.
Two reviewers independently assessed study validity using the following criteria: allocation concealment, blinding, measurement bias, completeness of follow-up and use of intention-to-treat analysis. Any differences were resolved by discussion or by a third reviewer.
Two reviewers independently extracted data about trial characteristics, outcomes and adverse effects, using a standardised form. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion or by involving a third reviewer. Data on the weighted mean difference (WMD) of IOP from baseline to treatment end point were extracted. For trials with a crossover design, only the initial parallel phase was analysed. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, and WMDs with 95% CIs for continuous data.
The data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. A funnel plot was used to explore publication bias.
Statistical heterogeneity was investigated using the chi-squared and I-squared tests. A priori subgroup analyses were conducted for trial duration, study type, glaucoma type, monotherapy versus adjunctive therapy, and other factors. Regression analyses were performed to investigate a number of predetermined factors (trial duration, trial design, trial quality, and monotherapy versus adjunctive therapy).
Fourteen trials involving 1,824 participants were included.
It was often unclear whether the studies met the quality criteria. Adequate allocation concealment could be determined in 7 trials, double-blinding in 4 trials, and intention-to-treat analysis in 5 trials. The withdrawal rates ranged from 0 to 19%.
For IOP reduction, there was a statistically significant effect in favour of latanoprost (post-treatment WMD 1.10, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.63). Significant heterogeneity was present (chi-squared 38.29, p=0.001, I-squared 66%), but only 2 trials did not show a greater IOP reduction with latanoprost than with brimonidine.
In the subgroup analyses, treatment durations of 6 months or more showed greater IOP reduction (WMD 1.64, 95% CI: 0.92, 2.36) than shorter treatment durations (WMD 0.76, 95% CI: 0.12, 1.39). There were no significant differences between patients with different diagnoses.
Superiority of latanoprost was greater (WMD 1.56, 95% CI: 0.90, 2.23) when the drugs were used as monotherapy than when they were used in combination with other glaucoma treatments (WMD 0.58, 95% CI: -0.04, 1.19).
In the 3 trials that reported measures of ocular haemodynamics, latanoprost significantly increased ocular blood flow, peak systolic velocity of the ophthalmic artery, and ocular perfusion pressure, while brimonidine had no significant effect.
A funnel plot did not show evidence of publication bias.
Risk for fatigue was statistically significantly lower with latanoprost than with brimonidine (RR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.88). In the trials that reported fatigue, 5% of brimonidine patients and 1% of latanoprost patients experienced fatigue. Other adverse events did not show significant differences between the groups.
Latanoprost as monotherapy is more effective in reducing IOP than brimonidine. Brimonidine causes more fatigue than latanoprost.
The review addressed a clear question in terms of the study designs, participants, interventions and outcomes. The search terms were reported in full, and publication databases and clinical trial registries were searched without language restrictions. Efforts were made to identify unpublished trials and to evaluate publication bias with a funnel plot. Two reviewers independently made decisions on relevance, extracted the data, and evaluated trial quality, thus reducing the likelihood of bias and error. Appropriate criteria were used to evaluate study validity. Appropriate statistical methods were used to combine the data and to investigate heterogeneity. This was a well-conducted review and the authors' conclusions are likely to be reliable.
Practice: The authors stated that treatment should be determined by an assessment of individual patients' risks and characteristics.
Research: The authors stated that the results of clinical trials (some currently underway) are required to demonstrate a neuroprotective effect of brimonidine.
This is a critical abstract of a systematic review that meets the criteria for inclusion on DARE. Each critical abstract contains a brief summary of the review methods, results and conclusions followed by a detailed critical assessment on the reliability of the review and the conclusions drawn.


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- Join over 1.2 million students every month
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- Level: GCSE
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- Word count: 769
media My product is an aftershave called nightfall the slogan is come to the dark it is in a traditonal shape bottle
Extracts from this document...
Media Coursework Marketing identifies and fills a need in the audience, I need to identify and target a niche market of target audience. This can be done through market research which identifies demographics and psychographics advertising sells the product, it convinces the audience members that they need the product to complete their lifestyle. The most common types of advertising are product centered, user centered and postmodern. Posters are effective advertising as there is a lot of posters all around the towns, cities and magazines so alot of people are going to see them when they read walk around go to work so the products will be easily noticed. My product is an aftershave called nightfall the slogan is come to the dark it is in a traditonal shape bottle which is like a rectangular shape bottle with a push button on top for the aftershave to come out. ...read more.
On the Hugo Boss advert there is some young male whos walking down a corridor with a bottle of Hugo Boss in his hand the narrator says something about his job saying works party black tie and the shaven head male with stubble is dressed in ripped jeans and a T-shirt this shows that Hugo is trying to show the man has a rebellious side this set off Hugos slogan of " your fragrance your rules". I would like my advertisement to be similar as that advert is around 3 years old and I still remember it so i would like my advert to stick in peoples minds for so long. My target audience is 18-25 year old males who go out alot to clubs parties and bars who have more spare money to spend because they are not settled down with children. ...read more.
They show the lifestyle of the person in the picture as a very positive and desirable lifestyle because they trying to put accross that the consumer can have this lifestyle if you buy and use the product, this fills the need of the customer to reach that perfect lifestyle. My advertisements will apppear in lads magzines such as Nuts, Zoo, FHM etc. They will appear on billboards accross the country with a dark night backdrop of a street with a single lampost with a shadow forming and a faded view of the product. They will also appear on adverts during sport events and thriller, comedy and action films. This is because males around 18-25 are likely to watch certain types of films and read certain types of magazines so I believe this choice of advertising placements will be the best choice for my product. I hope to use something rememorable in my advertisement such as a catchy slogan so that my product will stick in the audiences head . Jordan Whittaker ...read more.
This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Marketing section.
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Exclusive: SoulCraft Free2play Action RPG Coming Soon!January 16, 2012 9 Comments
In the pursuit to find what may be the breakout game we all have been waiting for,for the Windows Phone, we here at WP7Connect may just have stumbled upon what could revolutionize the platform forever. Big words you say? Faith without works you say? Well our faith in this game we have come to have based firstly on a small tech demo of the emerging game and new Delta Graphic engine wayy back at Mobile World Congress in 2011.
The demo looked absolutely stunning then, but early speculation believed the game would never see the light of day on the Windows Phone 7 because of issues concerning certain graphic limitations. Oh but we believed and are belief has paid off in a big, big way. It brings me great pleasure to announce here first, SoulCraft for the WP7 coming officially the first half of 2012.
Brief description:With humans on the brink to discover the secret of eternal life, angels and demons make a pact to proclaim the apocalypse to be able to materialize into the real world, fight the humans and keep the circle of life intact. SoulCraft lets you play as an angel, demon or human – it is up to you who will win this fight.
SoulCraft is a free2play Action RPG being developed by the indie game studio MobileBits. They are currently in open beta and hope we would take the chance to shape the game with them together. They plan on constantly adding lots of fresh new things (locations, character, spells, items and more) and ultimately they decided they would use our own creative feedback to decide what to do next with the game!
Already relesaed in the form of a beta for Android, we caught up with Karsten Wysk, one of the founders and developers at MobileBits to see what their plans for the Windows Phone included.They confirmed in a brief conversation that Soulcraft was created and built from the ground up using their own .NET based Delta Engine. He also made sure to say that they are without a shadow of a doubt HUGE fans of the WP7,and will be doing everything they can to release the multi-platform game on WP7,IOS and Android, Q1 of 2012 and at the latest the second quarter. They finally assured me that this game upon releasing will run very well, so we do not have to worry about the performance. The only thing first us to do now is to wait to see this great work that has started transcend into greatness…Comments are welcomed


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Hi there. I bought a new Now TV smart box from Argos earlier today and installed it, only when the install for the update finished, it showed up an Error Code 006, saying there was a verification problem. Tried factory rest, turning router off, turning NOW tv and router off, tried contacting Now TV customer servce via live chat, but even they were stumped and said it was a new error code and that they would escalate it with their technical team. Has anyone else had this issue and ifos, any fixes? Thanks in advance.
Hi @KiranGill
A forum member had success in this linked thread below with error code 006, where additional security blocking on their router caused the problem.
We had this same exact problem with the now tv smart box we bought from Argos 2days ago. After several HOURS struggling to get past the wifi connection stage/software update because of the Error ccode 006, we were finally able to take a step that happened to fix our problem and now our box is working. I hope it works for you too if your haven't sorted it out yet or for anyone with this same problem.
What we did was instead of connecting to our home wifi, I turned on my phone's hotspot and connected to that via the wireless connection, put in my hotspot password as required and lo and behold it connected and successfully updated the software. This got us in! yaaaay!!!!
You then follow instructions to activate your smart box via the website link on the screen and input the code on screen in the nowtv website page. Just follow the step where necessary then eventually you will succesfully come to the home screen. Then what you do is go to Settings > Network > Set up connection > Wireless and then connect now to your home wifi and it will connect/change to your wifi and that solved our issue.
Let me know if it works for you.
Thanks and have a nice day.
I am having the same problem! I have tried taking the bar off my broadband and I've tried using my mobile hotspot and I'm still getting error code 006....help?
I'm getting the same


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Transportes Lalgy Join PCN with 25+ Years' Experience in Mozambique
6th July 2017
We are pleased to announce Transportes Lalgy Lda as new members in Mozambique. The family owned company was established in 1990 and has offices in Matola, Beira, Tete, Chimoio, Nacala and Pemba.
General Manager, Aly Ibrahimo Lalgy states; "We are amongst the biggest transporters in Mozambique, 100% Mozambican-owned with more than 25 years of experience and extensive knowledge of the market and country. We offer competitive rates and aim to establish long-standing relationships with our partners and customers.
Transportes Lalgy offers a wide variety of transport options to meet various needs and respond to market requirements. We have an aggressive growth strategy and are continuously growing our fleet which currently stands at over 400 vehicles including over 50 abnormal trailers essential for the fast and efficient delivery of project cargo for the mining and oil & gas industries. Our experience in coal & mining, oil & gas, infrastructure, construction, power & energy as well as regional import and export operations have required heavy and large equipment to be moved to remote areas in the countryside where such projects are located. Where the road ends, we carry on!"
"The reconstruction and new opportunities within Mozambique are creating a period of unprecedented growth. To support this there is a huge and urgent need for quality logistics service providers. The geography of the country, with the sea ports of Maputo, Beira, Nacala and Pemba, coupled with the extremely limited rail infrastructure, makes road transport the only viable option to support the growth and development within our country."
Some recent projects handled by Transportes Lalgy have included an 18m pipe transport, a drilling rig movement, mining stacker and reclaimer transport and heavy machinery shipments. Please click below to download a PDF detailing some abnormal and project cargo case studies from Transportes Lalgy as well as their company profile.


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This cottage in Penruddock sleeps three people in one bedroom.
"This charming property is well placed for all local activities and amenities, making it a great place to come with family or friends and comfortably sleeps up to four people."
This characterful 2 bedroomed cottage sleeps 4 people and is located in hte rural village of Penruddock near Keswick.
This quality first floor apartment is situated on a wonderful holiday village within reach of Keswick and sleeps two people.
"This beautifully-presented terraced cottage is located on the outskirts of Penruddock, four miles from Ullswater in the Lake District National Park and can sleep four people in two bedrooms."
"This beautifully presented studio accommodation rests in the holiday village of Whitbarrow, near Penruddock and can sleep two people in one bedroom."
"This semi-detached cottage is set in the village of Motherby, close to Penrudduck, and can sleep four people in two bedrooms."
Be the first property to be listed on this page - instant online activation.Click here to register >
Ken Smith, Property 12069
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The Story
Earth is on a collision course with oblivion…and Magneto's just learned time is running out. With everything he's fought for being brought to an unescapable end, how will the Master of Magnetism spend his LAST DAYS on Earth? Will Magneto celebrate his legacy…or be tortured by it?
Free Marvel Comic Download
Magneto #18
Language : English | Year : 2015 | Size : 35 MB
Screenshots :
Notes :
- If you have any difficulties to download the files, please refer to this how-to download page.
- All of the comic files are packed on .CBR and/or .CBZ file formats. Here are some of the reader apps that i can recommend : YAC Reader (Win, OSX, Linux, iOS), ComicRack (Win, Android, iOS), CDisplayEx.
- To extract any compressed files, I recommend using 7-Zip.
- If you encounter any broken links or corrupt files, please write on the comment section or message me through the contact form.
- Want to see all the comic list? Please go to this page.


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Just under fifteen hours to go before I head off to the cabin and start typing words into a computer. There was a time when I used to do this on paper, but just as Tony Banks doesn't look back lovingly on the ARP Pro Soloist or Quadra he used to fight with, or the Mellotron M400 that broke down every night–the one that he said was built with bicycle chain, which is a pretty harsh comment from a guy who has a Mellotron package named after one of his songs–I don't look back upon my old typewriter and get misty eyed remembering all the great times we had. I look back upon that device as the tool I used at the time, and know I'll be damned if I'd go back to using one.
I love my computer for writing, even if I need power to make it go. One day I'll get a new computer and replace The Beast, but until then my machine will do the job. A tool is a tool, and there will probably come a day when I realize I waited far too long to replace this little monster.
Anyway, Camp . . . it's almost here. My day is planed: do this post, check over a few things, maybe finished my building design, maybe start working modeling a spacecraft in Blender, take a nap, stay up until midnight, then right at the stroke, start writing. Get three to five hundred words down, then go to sleep and start writing in the morning. Oh, and I need to fix my spread sheet that I use to track word count. Mustn't forget that. (I didn't; just fixed it up.)
I'm about as ready as I can be, with another NaNo ahead of me. Not the NaNo, but something shorter and sweeter. Doesn't matter. Fantasies in Harmonie was finished on 10 June, and that's three weeks in the past, and since then I've not written a draft of anything. The last time I went this long without writing anything, and spent the time developing background for a story was October, 2011–and we know what happened after that. Well, you might not, but I do: I participated in my first NaNoWriMo, and I wrote, and finished, my first novel.
What I'm starting tonight–which will be tomorrow, but really early tomorrow–is the beginning of another novel. I'll do the prologue in July, then come November I'll finish off the novel, and include the prologue as part of the story. I can do that, for I haz Scrivener, and adding things to the final compiled document is a breeze. When the time comes, I'll take the separate folder for this novella and blend it into the main novel. Case closed.
I can see very clear: this is going to be fun. I'm excited to start, and even if I'm going to lose my mind at some point and go on about how much I'm hating the story, I don't worry, because I know I'll finish. I'll probably end up writing more than the twenty-five thousand words I've set for myself.
I hope by not too much, though. I would hate to edit all this awesome down.


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LNSC arrests gang of 'pickpockets'
Lagos Neighbourhood Safety Corps Officers attached to Lagos Division (Lagos Island East) over the weekend, arrested six members of a gang of Pick-Pockets at Tafawa Balewa Square during a prayer session organized by The Redeemed Christian Church of God.
The LNSC team during one of its regular motorized patrols received an intelligence/distress call about the activities of the gang at the venue of the prayer session and with the cooperation of the members of the Church, two members of the gang were apprehended and taken to the Corps Custody for interrogation.
The interrogation later led to the arrest of four other members of the gang whose identity was made known by the two suspects earlier arrested.
The six gang members confessed to having been involved in activities of pickpocketing, stealing and burglary in Lagos Island Area.
It was also observed during interrogation, that all the suspects have one or two marks in different colourations, and identifications similar to the marks common among cult members. They were therefore handed over to Lion Building Police Station for further interrogation and possible prosecution.
Meanwhile, the Board Chairman, DIG Israel Ajao (Rtd) during his interaction with the press on the matter, reiterated that "LNSC was not established to harass anyone but to protect all and sundry in line with the policy of the present administration in the State which is centred on the people.
"But we need the cooperation of all to achieve a safer and secured Lagos, therefore all law abiding citizens should continue to go about their lawful businesses without any fear", the Chairman added.


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ACROSS MISSISSIPPI — Mississippi State quarterback Dak Prescott and Mississippi cornerback Senquez Golson are among the 10 finalists for the C Spire Conerly Trophy, which is awarded to the state's top college football player. Each school in the state is allowed to nominate one player for the award. The other nominees are: Mississippi Valley State receiver Julian Stafford, Alcorn State ...Read More »
Tag Archives: public university
Six out of eight universities could have higher tuitions in 2015
ACROSS MISSISSIPPI — Tuition and fees will rise at six of Mississippi's public universities in fall 2015 if the College Board approves. Across the eight schools, Mississippi residents will see average tuition for two semesters (fall and spring) go up by an average of 3.2 percent to $6,718 in fall 2014. Rates for certain professional programs will go up by ...Read More »
College Board gives Keenum contract extension, raise
STARKVILLE — Mississippi State University President Mark Keenum has received a raise and a four-year contract extension. Minutes released by the College Board show members voted unanimously in closed session in October to raise Keenum's salary from $429,000 to $454,700 a year, starting Nov. 1 when the contract extension took effect. The state is paying half of the new salary, ...Read More »
Rapiscan's metal detection system passes USM testing
HATTIESBURG — Rapiscan Systems Inc.'s Metor 6WP walk through metal detector has passed lab-testing by the National Center for Spectator Sports Safety and Security (NCS4) at the University of Southern Mississippi. Following an extensive evaluation in the National Sports Security Laboratory at the University of Southern Mississippi, NCS4 has confirmed that the Metor 6WP performed at or above the levels ...Read More »
Ole Miss in contract negotiations with Freeze
OXFORD — Mississippi athletic director Ross Bjork said the school has had contract talks with Hugh Freeze and expects to extend the coach's deal after the season is over. Freeze — in his third year with the program — currently has a four-year contract worth a base salary of $3 million annually. The 45-year-old Freeze has received a contract extension ...Read More »
GoMRI chooses USM for Gulf oil spill research
OCEAN SPRINGS — The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) has selected 12 research consortia to conduct scientific studies of the impacts of oil, dispersed oil, and dispersant on the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem and public health. These research investments focus on improving our fundamental understanding of the implications of events such as the Macondo well blowout, and on developing ...Read More »
NCAA looking into USM men's basketball program
HATTIESBURG — The University Southern Mississippi is working with the NCAA to review "potential issues" related to the men's basketball program, athletic director Bill McGillis said yesterday. The school released a statement confirming the review, but did not provide any details and said it would have no further comment. Former coach Donnie Tyndall left after last season to take the ...Read More »
Ole Miss Chancellor Jones diagnosed with lymphoma
JACKSON — University of Mississippi Chancellor Dan Jones has begun chemotherapy after being diagnosed with lymphoma. The university announced his illness yesterday, saying the 65-year-old had undergone tests at the University of Mississippi Medical Center this week and started receiving treatment there yesterday. Chemotherapy will continue intermittently for several months. Jones usually works on the main Ole Miss campus in ...Read More »
Special Olympics Mississippi to hold first-ever 'Unified Egg Bowl'
STARKVILLE — The Egg Bowl football game is the most divisive annual event in Mississippi households, and that sentiment will be stronger than ever as both Mississippi State and Ole Miss teams experience historically successful seasons in 2014. This year, Special Olympics Mississippi will unify the schools and the state with the first Special Olympics Unified Egg Bowl on Nov. ...Read More »
Research on dogs could lead to better understanding of human cancer
STARKVILLE — A research team at Mississippi State University's College of Veterinary Medicine is working to better understand cancer in dogs, and the work also could advance knowledge of human cancer. Their investigation began with only a tiny blood platelet, but quickly they discovered opportunities for growth and expanding the breadth of the research. "We have a lot to gain ...Read More »


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The postcard from Afghanistan came in the mail today. I'd given him one card for every day of his deployment.
It had been four weeks since the last one arrived.
Tears came as I read it and reread it again, searching for the words that weren't there. "I love you."
This is Alec's first submission to 50-Word Stories. He resides with his wife and two young boys in Caledon Village, Ontario.


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PITTSBURGH (93-7 THE FAN/AP) — In 2013 the Pirates improbably shed their loser label. If they wish not for that label to be replaced by the word "fluke," they must meet higher expectations in 2014, and both players and executives are comfortable raising the bar.
Manager Clint Hurdle, the man most credited with the culture change in Pittsburgh, believes the leadership of key free agents like outfielder Marlon Byrd and staff aces A.J. Burnett and Francisco Liriano had just as much to do with it.
"In the movies that I've watched and the books that I've read, there seems to be a spirit of I really don't care what anybody thinks anymore, I'm crossing the line, I'm going to become a Pirate," Hurdle told the Associated Press. "It's not about mom or dad or brother or sister, not about where I used to work. I'm going to be my own man. I'm going to hope to latch on to a bunch of other men who feel the same way, that are like-minded, and try to get something special done."
Those free agents could go a long way toward determining the sustainability of the Pirates' success. The 36-year-old Burnett, both a clubhouse leader and fan favorite, finished 10-11 with a 3.30 ERA and ranked among the National League's top five in strikeouts, but he bombed out of his only playoff start, a 9-1 loss at St. Louis in Game 1 of the NLDS, and he was previously pondering retirement.
Byrd, also 36, hit .318 in his first full month as a Pirate. Before his waiver trade deadline arrival, the Pirates lacked consistent production from the middle of their order, so fans hope it wasn't his last.
The good news is Liriano, a 16-game winner and Wild Card winner, will still be under contract, as will catcher and pivotal role player Russell Martin, and All-Stars Andrew McCutchen and Pedro Alvarez, though the latter is approaching arbitration, as is second baseman Neil Walker.
McCutchen (at least as far as position players go) is as obvious a league MVP choice as any after hitting .317–14 points off the NL lead–with 21 home runs, 27 steals and 84 RBI, and, unlike previous seasons, seldom cooling off after the All-Star Break.
Alvarez led the NL with 36 homers, and Walker, who battled further health issues early in the season, hit .324 with six dingers in the last ten days of the regular campaign, helping the team guarantee its first home playoff game of any kind since 1992.
It certainly had to be encouraging that none of those players appeared too small for the big stage in their first taste of postseason baseball. Despite a terrible showing in the NLDS, Walker helped the Bucs get there by going 2-for-5 with a run and an RBI double in the Wild Card Game. Alvarez hit .300 all told in October, and McCutchen hit .333.
It is also encouraging that management is expected to expand payroll in 2014–substantially, according to several reports. Don't expect "Yankee money," but if the Pirates climb even just one or two more rungs on Major League Baseball's economic ladder, and if their farm system continues to bear fruit (see also: Cole, Gerrit), then 2013 really could be the start of something special.
"I think that the playing field is not level, never will be. But we as the Pittsburgh Pirates have committed ourselves to never using that as an excuse," team owner Bob Nutting said. "Is it easier to build a great club with $200 million than with $75-$80 million? Absolutely. But I believe–have always believed and will continue to believe–that we can be competitive at that level. We need to make smart decisions."
Click here to read the full story by the AP.
Stay tuned to SportsRadio 93.7 The Fan, your flagship home of Pirates baseball, for the latest.
(TM and © Copyright 2013 CBS Radio Inc. and its relevant subsidiaries. CBS RADIO and EYE Logo TM and Copyright 2012 CBS Broadcasting Inc. Used under license. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.)


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Contact Us
If you have any queries or questions regarding Forest School Training, please complete the form below and we will get back to you as soon as we can. Please be aware that due to the nature of our work we are often in the woods and not in front of a computer. Thank you for your patience.
Forest School Training in England
Contact Louise Ambrose
Tel: 07787 930030
Email: email@example.com
Forest School Training in Scotland
Contact Aline Hill for East and Central Scotland
Tel: 07796 677059
Contact Mike Brady for West and North Scotland
Tel: 01698 543418
'Like us' on Facebook: 'The Forest School Training Company'


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So, I'm currently in Minnesota. I took a red eye flight here, and decided it would be a good idea to get drunk and then take a vicodin (Thank you Kiss!) before getting on the plane. Not smart. Not only was I out of my mind, talking about people that don't even exist (Ed?), I was also sick to my stomach, but too out of my mind to do anything about it…which led to my first hangover of the year! Yay! Welcome to Minnesota!
Anyway, Day One consisted of: catching up on sleep, being sick, feeling better, driving around, accidentally eating beef for the first time in YEARS, getting sick to my stomach, puking and sleeping when I was supposed to be going bowling. Oh! I also saw a petrified cat! So far, that's been the highlight of my trip.
Now I'm up, feeling better and everyone else is in bed…what to do…?


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Building Empirical MetricsBy Peggy Sue Heath
Trends: eBusiness Strategy
In a world where companies are rushing to harness their operations to the cost savings and speed of the Internet, a strategic e-business system can have a big impact on how you're doing competitively in the marketplace.
Just ask Ricoh Corp., the West Caldwell, N.J.-based copier company. Because it had a customer relationship management system that could help it identify its customers' specific needs, it was able to snare a $200 million, 10-year contract to be the sole provider of office automation equipment to the U.S. Postal Service. "E-business is critical to being a player in our industry," says Joseph Vallorosi, vice president of IT at Ricoh.
But what separates Ricoh from many other companies is that it realizes it's no longer enough to have e-business systems in place. You've also got to know their precise impact on the company's bottom lineand the potential dollar pay-off to your customers, old and new: Ricoh's winning bid convinced the Postal Service it would save $7.4 million a year using Ricoh's products. Says Vallorosi: "Knowing the impact of e-business to the customer's bottom line was the critical difference between us and our rivals."
Sounds like common sense, but the truth is that not many CIOs get it yet.
And no wonder. Up until now, the rush to harness operations to the Net has left CIOs little time to analyze the business need for e-business systems before they install them. Further, traditional methods of calculating return on investment have been, for the most part, ill-suited to measuring the strategic impact of e-business on a company's bottom line. Such old methods rarely showed the application's true value to the business. Indeed, say e-business experts, very few companies have properly measured the impact of their e-business systems, either before, during or after installing them.
CRM is a good example. According to Stamford, Conn.-based research firm Gartner, Inc., through 2004, only 35 percent of companies planning to install a CRM system will adequately develop the tools they need to evaluate their new system's potential business pay-off. And of those, less than 20 percent will use such tools to evaluate the success of the installation over time.
Is ROI dead? Not at all. It's simply changing to meet the sobering new demands of the digital economy. Indeed, the tightening economic climate is helping to fuel a new emphasis on ROI. "Regardless of industry, people are asking for more rigorous cases that illustrate both the short-term impact and the long-term benefits of a potential implementation," says Randy Hancock, senior vice president of strategy at Mainspring Inc., a Cambridge, Mass.-based strategy consulting firm.
The goal: to develop an ROI approach that not only provides an initial justification for new e-business systems but also establishes a baseline for their ongoing management. Ideally, such an approach will measure the potential value of the proposed system against the business goals of the company.
"You have to assess both the opportunities for increased revenue and the minimized costs of new processes in the company," says Ricoh's Vallorosi. "Once you go live, you've got to ascertain the cost savings and make sure the increase in revenue is measured and attributable."
-Business Value">
E-Business Value
Determining the value of e-business is not about isolating the benefits of a single application. It is about assessing the impact of the Net on the overall business once it has been transformed through e-business.
Traditionally, ROI has been measured with metrics such as Gartner's Total Cost Ownership, which is designed to reveal a project's impact on productivity. But measuring the ROI of an e-business application is more challenging. Harnessing your operations to the Net can critically affect strategybeyond the improvement of processes and productivity. For example, e-business can fundamentally change the customer experience, a company's products and even its business opportunities.
Last year, North Vancounver, B.C.-based North Shore Credit Union, with $820 million in assets, made a large financial bet on CRM, with an implementation from Pivotal, Inc., a Canadian software company. The hope was to increase assets, customer loyalty and the productivity of its account managers.
"We are an extremely targeted community provider, and to continue to do that effectively, we have to manage carefully our customer relationships," says Chris Cutliff, North Shore's president and CEO. Among North Shore's goals: to generate a digital data profile of every customer within a year, and an even more detailed one for its high-profile customers.
Says Elaine McHarg, the former senior vice president of marketing at North Shore and the business owner of the project: "We needed to attract younger customers who were earlier in the financial life cycle, and we wanted to be able to give them more targeted advice, based on their individual financial profiles. We needed to secure more of the share of those high-profit, high-profile customers. And we needed to manage that across all of our touch points and products."
The firm was able to leverage its popular online "financial wellness" checka Web-based data profiling surveyinto a tool for collecting more detailed customer data for use by marketing and sales staffs.
And the ROI: The CRM project has boosted the productivity of North Shore's customer relationship managers significantly. "The preliminary numbers show the account revenue from our financial managers is up 18 percent after five months," says Cutliff. "Our loans have grown 20 percent on an annualized basis, and our retention rate has gone from 74 percent to over 90 percent."
Using the old way of measuring ROI, North Shore would have overlooked a majority of the CRM system's potential and real benefitsincluding the bank's ability to attract an entirely new type of customer. Instead, they would have focused on comparing the costs of implementing and managing the new CRM system with the old way of doing things. The result: the CRM project may not have gotten funded at all.
The advantage of the new ROI metrics is that they view the IT department as a value center. The new metrics (see Building Metrics) focus on the value a particular IT investment can or will bring to a variety of yardsticks the company considers vital: the price of a company's stock, its corporate revenues, its profits, costs and customer relationships, business process improvements, cycle times and productivityeven the potential for corporate growth over time.
Each new way to measure ROI has a different focus and usefulness, but choosing the right one requires CIOs to ask a couple of key questions. First, should the new ROI method be used to supply the data needed to justify a one-time cost, or should it also provide CIOs with the tools needed to manage the entire e-business system? Some ROI tools, for example, are best suited to helping CIOs justify their one-time costs, select vendors and develop a business case for an e-business technology that links it to company strategy. But CIOs may also need to think further ahead.
"The companies with dramatic success are those that don't see the ROI effort as purely for justification and then leave it behind," argues David Kohar, director of e-strategy for Pivotal. "Instead, they align the proposed investment with company goals and then use that case to guide implementation and drive the initiative with clear metrics, goal posts and strategy."
Choosing Methods
Choosing Methods
Many managers want their ROI efforts to lead to metrics that help them track, reward and motivate staff. Consider methods such as the eStrategy Balanced Scorecard (from Mainspring and the Balanced Scorecard Collaborative, Inc., a Lincoln, Mass.-based consultancy), which starts with justification of the initial project but is designed to remain useful throughout the life of the project by providing metrics and incentives for managing the implementation. The method begins by identifying the desired economic results of a new e-business strategy and then focuses on creating the activities necessary to achieve those results, says Mainspring's Hancock.
The second key question: Do you prefer the view through the windshield or the rear-view mirror? Valuation methods tend to be either forward-looking or retrospective. Economic Value Added (from Stern Stewart & Co.), Economic Value Sourced (from Meta Group) and The Customer Index (from Accenture) can be used to pinpoint the value of an investment at a fixed moment in time, based on financial performance over a specific period. As such, these methods can be very useful for conducting regular reviews of past performance and making decisions about enhancements.
To be meaningful, however, these tools require actual numbers, not projections. This makes them more difficult to use as part of building the initial ROI justification for an individual e-business project.
Indeed, some of these methods are limited to situations in which a new e-business system is designed to enhance a company's existing strategies. Once they're implemented, the value of such investments can be more easily isolated.
But when a company is investing in e-business in hopes of radically reforming the company and its products through innovation, "managers quickly realize that traditional tools don't help that much because they are fixated on predictable and obvious outcomes," says Adam Borison, a partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers in Menlo Park, Calif.
PricewaterhouseCoopers' Real Option Valuation method is designed to go beyond the tangible near-term results and put a value on future possibilities. The approachderived from financial techniques for valuing options contractsputs a value on the flexibility of the system, the options it opens up for the company and management's ability to leverage those options.
The advantage of all of these new methods over the old ones is that they try to capture the often intangible, "soft" benefits of an implementation. Each approach has its limits, but they all can provide insights into the impact of a company's bottom line. Regardless of the method used, the key for CIOs is to begin with the goal in mindthe new system's desired impact on the company and its revenues and costs.
Building Metrics
Building Metrics
Each of these valuation methods assumes that the data needed to generate metrics is being gathered and that some baseline knowledge of the current system is available. Baseline metrics are needed both to support the initial ROI justification for a proposed system and to allow for its ongoing evaluation.
In the case of an e-business implementation that will affect customer support, for instance, metrics assessing the customer experience need to be established before the system is put in place. Without setting a baseline that includes such criteria as customer satisfaction, customer retention rates and new-customer adoption rates, for example, it will be difficult to set realistic expectations for a new systemmuch less gauge the actual benefits.
"It was important for us to have clear expectations going in," says Liz Lloyd, manager of information systems for North Shore. "We brought in an outside firm and spent a couple of months working to understand the scope of what had to be done before we chose a vendor. This first round of analysis helped produce reasonable estimates rather than guesses."
Establishing metrics at North Shore, however, required a lot of estimation and validation of data that didn't previously exist. At North Shore, says McHarg, now a partner with M3, a consultancy in Vancouver, B.C., "We had to take the statistics deeper into the organization than we had originally anticipated. But that reality check with salespeople, relationship managers and others was critical."
McHarg is a strong advocate of metrics that let project owners set precise implementation targets. "When you get going on an e-business implementation, suddenly everything competes for importance," she says. "Building out the baseline and benchmark targets with Pivotal beforehand was invaluable to me in highlighting those key opportunities and focusing our development."
E-business systems can often provide the data that is needed to measure its impact on the company. Analytics that cut across CRM, sales-force automation and e-marketing systems can help track the metrics that matter, such as costs to acquire a customer and average revenue per customer.
It used to be that the customer's experience, for instance, could only be captured through a survey or by aggregating such basic statistics as call-center queue times. An advanced CRM system with analytical capabilities can provide detailed information on individual customers, including their use of customer service channels, and which parts of the Web site they use, and how. In the process, larger patterns in sales, usage and satisfaction will emerge. While the primary purpose of such tools is to help department and line-of-business managers make sales and marketing decisions, it can also help evaluate the e-business investment's contribution to business performance.
Christine Cournoyer, CIO and senior vice president of global e-business transformation at Lotus Development Corp., a division of IBM, focuses on what she calls process metrics and results metrics when evaluating e-business systems. The revenue Lotus derives from e-business is a result metric. But it can be just as important to measure the value of the processes that led to that improvement, such as the number of hits to a Web marketing campaign, how many and which pages were viewed, how many visits generated leads and how many led to sales.
The first step is to understand the e-business project's business objectives and use ROI approaches that help build justification. Then, establish process and outcome metrics for identifying whether those objectives are being met. The ultimate goal is to leverage that e-business investment into something that fundamentally changes the company's ability to compete and succeed.
An Active Role
An Active Role
One consequence of the shift from a focus on IT costs to its impact on overall business strategy is that the role of the CIO is evolving to include some responsibility for companywide metrics and performance. At the end of the day, the job of the CIO, like every other senior manager, is to increase revenues, decrease costs and maximize the market value of the company. So CIOs must assume a more active role in measuring value companywide in order to successfully show return on investment from their e-business systems.
Before buying a new e-business system, the most important jobs of the CIO is to bring financial discipline and accountability to the decision process and to tie the business goals, functional requirements and vendor options together. Even when a project is "owned" by a business line or managed by cross-functional teams in which IT is a participant but not a driving force, the CIO's role is critical.
After the purchase, the CIO and the IT staff must communicate the near-term strategic targets and metrics to be used to measure the project's payoffs. Rather than create new metrics based solely on IT-focused costs and IT-centric benefits, CIOs need to size up the goals of the company and evaluate its business performance.
Understanding the corporate politics of such a shift is important. In many companies, customer-facing e-business applications are heavily influenced, if not owned outright, by sales, marketing or customer support specialists.
"The IT group may be the catalyst, the driver or the enabler of e-business, but we don't do it in a vacuum," says Vallorosi. "Good coordination and cooperation with the business units is important." In some cases, he says, the CIO and the IT team can even become a part of the sales process. "Never before was an internal IT person a part of the customer bid process, but now we are actually participating in presentations to explain our e-business capabilities to prospective customers," says Vallorosi.
Perhaps the most critical responsibility of the CIO is to create an atmosphere that will lead to the creation of new metrics, and ultimately to the success of the e-business system. That's what takes ROI valuations from mere projections to reality. The e-business investment must change behavior in sales, marketing and customer support. In partnership with the rest of senior management, the CIO needs to help educate and motivate employees to make sure the change succeeds. In other words, CIOs play a critical role in making e-business pay off.
Peggy Sue Heath, a vice president of Ziff Davis Market Experts, analyzes emerging technology markets. Comments on this story can be sent to email@example.com.
Building Empirical Metrics
Building Empirical Metrics
Gauging return on investment for e-business applications presents a Gordian knot: the benefits are the new processes they bring, yet because the processes are new, existing measurement tools may miss those benefits.
What is the best way to measure the effectiveness of an e-business application and its value to a company? Ask the people most affected: the users themselves. Develop and implement a well-structured survey that asks all the end-users how their jobs are changing as a result of the application. Doing so offers the benefit of metrics that are based on real and measurable impact. It measures change where it matters most.
This empirical approach provides a flexible method of developing useful ROI data. First, it is possible to design survey instruments in such a manner that one can probe specifically for certain benefits and improvements you expect from the application. You can also do hypothesis testing for changes and benefits that are hard to find by any other measurement. For example, some customer-relationship management implementations have lowered turnover in customer-support staffa real cost savingsbut that would not have been evident without interviewing the people affected.
The empirical approach takes the established practice of IT customer surveys to a whole new level. There are a number of important differences between it and traditional surveys. First, the survey has to be given regularly and on a known schedule to produce the metrics needed. Second, it must have a consistent questionnaire and track the same people. Third, it should focus as much as possible on quantifiable items to curtail subjective responses. Remember, just as with metrics generated by systems, consistency of process and data gathering is critical.
One important aspect of the empirical approach is that it is possible to gather a baseline set of data before you install the application. IT, finance and line-of-business representatives can set their expectations as part of the design process. This approach allows you to use the same metrics for measuring the return from actual use you developed in the planning phase.
Looking to the user community in a structured, documented and consistent manner may often be the only way to build accurate metrics for many e-business applications. The benefits of finding the hard, soft and unexpected value points of these new applications is critical to meeting ROI goals.
Aaron Goldberg, a member of Ziff Davis Market Experts, concentrates on strategic marketing issues. Comments on this story can be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Measure by Measure
Measure by Measure
Consultants are offering a variety of methods for evaluating the return on investment in e-business systems. Each emphasizes different processes and outcomes within the company.
Economic Value Added
Stern Stewart & Co. measures periodic performance in terms of the change in long-term yield on shareholders' investment, which is defined by the sum total of all revenues minus costs, including cost of capital.
Economic Value Sourced
Meta Group focuses on four areas of value impact for IT investments: increasing revenue, improving productivity, decreasing cycle time and decreasing risk.
eStrategy Balanced Scorecard
Mainspring Inc. and the Balanced Scorecard Cooperative, derived from Kaplan and Norton's Balanced Scorecard, evaluates the value of IT across a scorecard that includes financial indicators, customer perspectives, internal business processes and organizational growth.
The Customer Index
Accenture brings revenue, cost and profit down to a per customer basis in order to evaluate the impact of a particular IT investment.
Real Option Valuation
PricewaterhouseCoopers, based on merger and acquisition methodology, views IT investments as options where the value of the investment is determined by the future range of opportunities the technology represents.
Forget ROI
: Make IT A Profit Center">
Forget ROI: Make IT A Profit Center
Viewpoint by Aaron Goldberg
Are CIOs just defensive by nature?
Consider how much of their time CIOs throughout the IT community spend trying to justify spending. It's all about self-protection and defending costs.
Why not go on the offensive? Now's the time for CIOs to position IT as a profit center that's just as deserving of attention and investment as any other revenue generating department in the company. After all, most new e-business applications are focused on improving operating results through cost reduction and revenue enhancement.
Become more aggressive when positioning IT systems and their value. Traditionally, there has been little impetus to push the numbers so that any financial benefits beyond recovering costs are calculated.
You need to do more than just develop new ROI numbers. Taking IT into profit-center mode requires rethinking some fundamentals. First, decide whether you will move the entire IT function and the services it provides to a profit model or if you will look to specific applications as distinct profit centers.
For those who go for the whole enchilada, the prevalent approach is the "utility" model. Individual users and departments are charged a monthly or annual fee for IT services. Under this plan, IT typically makes a profit by finding internal efficiencies that lower costs, creating a spread between the fees charged and the cost of supplying the services.
I'm not a fan of this approach. There's no "new" value created. The profit is essentially a phantom, driven either by negotiating fees that are advantageous to IT or by walking a tightrope between cutting costs and continuing to provide a reasonable level of service.
I prefer selecting projects that drive real revenue or new cost savings and pushing them into a profit model. Target, for example, a CRM system that measurably increases sales to your existing customers.
Another key benefit: In order to focus on new areas for returns, IT is often forced to align with one or several business units. For example, finding a new way to offer technical support online that reduces costs by 25 percent means that IT and customer service must act in lockstep to determine what the technology can provide, what customers expect, how much change staff can accept and how best to generate a return.
Creating new value, either cost savings or revenue growth, is what real profit centers do, and that attracts top management attention. Just taking current expenses and moving them around among different groups is nothing more than a shell game.
IT Services Costs, Metrics, Benchmarking and Marketing
by Anthony F. Tardugno, Robert E. Matthews and Thomas R. DiPasquale. Prentice-Hall, 2000.
Scaling for E-Business: Technologies, Models, Performance, and Capacity Planning
by Daniel A. Menasce and Virgilio A. F. Almeida. Prentice-Hall, 2000.
Measuring eBusiness Success
by Bobby Cameron with Julie Meringer, Christopher Dawe and Emily Jastrzembski. Forrester Research Inc.
September 2000.


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What Is a Tickler File System?by Michael KoyanUpdated January 09, 2018
A Tickler File System is a means to organize documents and reminders by date, so that you may be reminded of what needs to be done or what may be coming up on the horizon.
The Tickler File System was designed for the storage of important documents or reminders that require later action. On the given day, you can look in the corresponding slot and see what you must accomplish or what you need to prepare for.
The look of a Tickler File System is similar to other accordion-style file folders. It consists of 43 slots, 12 for the months of the year and 31 for the maximum days in a month.
Common Uses
You can use this type of filing system for anything that is time-sensitive and requires action. Common items or reminders that may be placed in a Tickler File System include things related to bills, events, birthdays, due dates, expiration dates, to-do lists and many others.
Photo Credits
- pile of papershets with paper-clips #2 image by stassad from Fotolia.com


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"The eulogies expressed at these services, and the feelings we harbor in our hearts, confirm the fact that Elder Burrows and Elder Davis are among the choice spirits of this generation," Elder Nelson said. "Scripture declares that they 'were also among the noble and great ones who were chosen in the beginning to be rulers in the Church of God'" (Doctrine and Covenants 138:55).
Elder Nelson attended and spoke at the funeral for Elder Burrows held in the Alpine Tabernacle. In his remarks, he shared his sympathy and love as he reflected on the importance of having a gospel perspective.
"At times like this we are prone to ask questions," he said. "We wonder, 'Should these choice young men have been sent to a safer place?' But there is no place on earth that is free from risk. ... My advice for each of us is not to torture ourselves with 'what if' questions. They bring neither clarity nor comfort. Substitute your 'what if' questions with 'because of' declarations."


text: Optimum performance marking liquid. Designed for use on grass, but can be used on shale and artificial surfaces. White. Can be used in either the Topline TXE253 at dilution rates from 1 to 4 to 1 to 7 for over marking, or the Britliner wheel marker at dilution rates from 1 to 1 to 1 to 3.10+ drums


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Top left hand corner photo:
Suzannah B. Troy and Miriam West both NYC artists that believe in the rights of Artist Vendors be in Union Square and anywhere -- it is called the 1st Amendment!!!!
I am pointing to my wearable Miriam West art -- my amazing Time Necklace by Miriam which has deep meaning for me, a Gandhi Necklace and pin!!!!!!
Photo to right: Lissie Canasquillio, her artist statement to the mayor king....Boombug let us work, eat and live!
Photo of 3: Marty Allen, Lissie Canasquillo and Miriam West all protesting for Artists' Rights at Union Square today!


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To exchange your experience click add to cart and proceed to checkout.
Once there, enter your voucher number to exchange for a different experience.
To pay the difference on your voucher, please add this product to cart by clicking the button below and proceed to checkout.
Once there, enter your voucher number into the gift voucher field to pay the difference.
Experience the beauty of Far North Queensland's reef and rainforest, all in one great adventure. You'll snorkel or go on a glass bottomed boat on Green Island, then experience World Heritage Rainforest with Skyrail Rainforest Cableway and the Kuranda Scenic Railway.
A leisurely half day reef cruise is the perfect beginning to this adventurous day out. There will be a snorkelling demonstation and reef presentation aboard for you to enjoy before arriving on Green Island. You will then have two hours to either snorkel or go on a glass bottom boat tour (or both). After your time on Green Island you will board the Skyrail, which is a unique rainforest experience taking you on an unforgettable journey over Australia's World Heritage listed Tropical Rainforest and deep into the forest. After spending some free time in Kuranda, the village in the rainforest, you will board the famous Kuranda Scenic Railway, a spectacular journey comprising unsurpassed views of World Heritage dense rainforest, steep ravines, picturesque waterfalls.
This day out will give you a taste of the natural beauty of Far North Queensland, and is perfect for time pressed people who want to fit a whole heap of adventure in a small space of time.
Once this experience has been confirmed, changes are at the discretion of the experience provider and arranged directly with them according to this policy:
In the event of rain or inclement weather your experience will still go ahead unless contacted by the experience provider
Slip slop slap - that's a must whilst in the sun! Please bring sunscreen, hat, sunglasses, towel, and a shirt to swim in.
Bring along some cash for snacks, drinks, or any extra activities you might like to partake in. Film, sunscreen and souvenirs can be bought on board.
This experience departs the Reef Fleet Terminal, Cairns.


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In accordance with Federal, State, and UW-System laws, regulations, and policies, no otherwise qualified student with a disability shall be denied equal access to UW-W programs. This includes high school students in the PIE (Partners in Education) concurrent education programs. All accommodations for students with disabilities enrolled in a University of Wisconsin-Whitewater course(s) must have approved accommodations through the Center for Students with Disabilities (CSD). Existing Individualized Education Plans (IEP) or 504 Plans are not approved at the university level.
Students are encouraged to apply for services as soon as possible, preferably upon enrollment to the course. Students should complete an application (uww.edu/csd) and submit any documentation to the Center for Students with Disabilities (CSD). While an IEP or 504 Plan is helpful, it may not be sufficient nor may all currently approved high school accommodations or modifications be approved. CSD will set up a phone or Skype conference for intake. For students who qualified for services a Verified Individual Services and Accommodation (VISA) plan will be individually created and will be provided to the student, the concurrent course coordinator, CSD, and the high school. Accommodations will be implemented at the local high school.
Please send any questions to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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If your brand is a story, then how can you best bring that story to life? Who knows more about story that the artists who work at Pixar - past, present, and future? In this conversation from hivio 2014, the audio future festival, Mark Ramsey talks with former Pixar story artist Emma Coats. Emma got her start in story at Pixar Animation Studios in 2007 on the feature film Brave. While at Pixar she also worked on such films as Monsters University and Inside Out. Since leaving Pixar in 2012, Emma has worked on numerous projects for Dreamworks TV, Scott Free, Paramount Animation, and … [Read more...]
Tag: emma coats
Images of hivio 2014 – the Audio Future Festival
I wanted to create an event that attracted a bevy of thoughtful future-oriented doers in the audio space, one that offered new ideas, inspiration, and compelling Q&A for radio, online radio, digital audio, and podcasting (I'm only pretending those are separate categories, of course). I also wanted to create an event that folks would be proud to attend not only because of the information and the networking, but also because it was just plain fun. Here are some images from hivio 2014: Tech galore - we're streaming live here: Craig Bruce, Southern Cross Austereo's Head of … [Read more...]
Watch hivio 2014 – the Audio Future Festival – LIVE
On June 4, from 8:30 PT to 4:30 PT, hivio streams all day long! Here's the lineup so you can schedule your viewing (all times are PT and approximate): 8:30 - 9am - Mark Ramsey (@MarkRamseyMedia) 9 - 9:10am - Video from Gary Vaynerchuk (@GaryVee) 9:10 - 9:30am - Tracy Johnson, Tracy Johnson Media (@TracyJohnson) 9:30 - 10:00am - Jerry Rocco, 22Social (@JerryRocco) 10 - 10:30am - BREAK 10:30 - 11am - Ric Militi, InnoVision 11:00 - 11:30am - Craig Bruce, Southern Cross Austereo (@CB_Bruce) 11:30 - 12 Noon - Mark Middo, Growth Hacker (@MarkMiddo) Noon - 1pm BREAK/LUNCH 1- … [Read more...]
Watch hivio 2014 LIVE – RSVP Here!
hivio is the audio future festival, and it streams LIVE from San Diego on Wednesday, June 4, 2014, beginning at 8:30 am PT New Ideas, Inspiration, and Compelling Q&A for Radio, Online Radio, Digital Audio, and Podcasting. Mark Ramsey talks LIVE with SiriusXM's Tim Sabean, InnoVision's Ric Militi, Southern Cross Austereo's Craig Bruce, Growth Hacker and Author Mark Middo, Former Pixar Story Artist Emma Coats, the Content Marketing Institute's Robert Rose, Pandora's Doug Sterne, YouTube phenomenon Andrea Russett, AGOGO Founder J.D. Heilprin, PodcastOne's Rob Greenlee, and a special … [Read more...]
hivio 2014 – Check Out the Amazing Lineup
Wouldn't it be great if the audio space had its own little version of SXSW? A place for the cool kids in and around the radio world to meet and play together? No matter if they were US or international, broadcasters, podcasters, commercial or public media, online radio, agencies, technologists in the audio space, storytellers, talent, or artists? The wait is over. Today I'm proud to announce the kickoff of the utterly unique hivio 2014 - the second annual audio future festival. hivio returns to San Diego on June 4, and, like before, the event is FREE but by invitation only. The only … [Read more...]


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Sandra M. Bloom
Actor, Stage Manager
New York, New York USA
It's Wonderful to Know Where You Belong.
A financial adviser recently asked me, "When do you want to retire?" "I don't," I said. "No, you don't understand," he said "When do you want to stop working?" "No, YOU don't understand. They're going to have to carry me off stage."
I've always known I would wind up somewhere in this business. I can't conceive of doing anything else. I was always writing poems and short stories, but it wasn't until I was 12 that I discovered I had an ear for dialogue and wrote my first play, an event that was to change my life. My teacher, who was studying for his Masters, used our class as his guinea pigs. Creative ideas abounded. What started out as a simple class project soon fell apart. Everyone else found a more enticing project, except me. I worked on the play until it was finished. Submitting it, I was asked which role I wanted to play? Horrified, I said "I wrote it for the rest of the class." In an effort to involve this strange quiet child, to interact with others, the teacher suggested that I direct the play. Not knowing I didn't know how to direct, and with the bravado of innocence, I proceeded to do just that, producing it as well. I was very good at that. It was a success. Thereafter I wrote other plays, directed them and branched out to direct other people's plays. I probably would have gone on in that vein if something hadn't happened.
My senior year I was directing when a teacher asked for my help. Someone cast in the upcoming production refused to learn her lines. Would I take over the part? To this day I have no idea why I said yes. But somebody had to do it. Perhaps I knew that the play must go on. My moment onstage was enlightening. In an instant I knew this was where I truly belonged. Within this world all the parts of me would come together. I would find my niche within this field. And I did.
Sandra M. Bloom While currently I have a dual career as an actor and a stage manager, I started as a playwright and director. Currently: finished one benefit as an actor and working on another as a stage manager. I served 25 years as an elected representative on AEA's governing body, the Council.