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Currently browsing posts filed under "Provost Report 2010"
Provost Report 2010: Conclusion
Today finishes our two week tour of the 2010 Provost Report. Professor Bill Lenhart concludes:
Williams is in a strong financial situation by virtually any comparison—except with the Williams of three years ago. In the wake of the financial crisis, we have significantly less revenue from endowment and less revenue from gifts. It would be unwise to anticipate endowment growth in the future of the kind we've experienced over the past 15 years. Our challenge then is to reduce spending in ways that protect our mission of providing the finest possible liberal arts education and that return us as soon as possible to where, if capital markets remain steady, we can resume growth in our operations each year. This is a goal we can achieve with the continued help of faculty, staff, students, alumni, parents, and friends.
Indeed. Thanks for all the many thoughtful comments during this discussion. Kudos once again to Williams for providing such detailed information.
How much transparency should Williams provide in the future? That's easy! Just slap up on the webpage whatever material is distributed at Faculty or Trustee Meetings — or, at least 90% of it. Doing so requires (virtually) no extra work since all the charts/tables/slides have already been created. A small portion of the data would need to be kept secret, because of federal regulations, fund-raising sensitivities and other issues.
But if, going forward, Williams were to be as transparent as it seems to have been in this case, I would have little to complain about, at least when it comes to financial issues. Next steps include admissions, grade inflation, course enrollments, and . . .
But, for now, baby steps!
Revenue by Category 2008-09 to 2009-10
1) Seems like the College decided to raise a bunch more money from the graduate programs, mainly, I think, by increasing the number of CDE students.
2) Is "Asset Use" the same as avail spending from the endowment? I think so. But isn't it annoying that so few of the College's numbers seem to make sense in conjunction with each other? We should be able to see that $94 million number somewhere in this chart. But we can't! If I were a trustee, I would raise a ruckus about this sort of sloppiness. You tell me that asset use was $80 million for 2008–2009 and then you tell me it was $94 million. Well, which is it?
Major Spending Reductions 2008-09 to 2009-10
Original here, archive here. What items do you find the most surprising? Which would you reverse if you could?
Other current spending by 57%
(Resulted mostly from 2008-09 being the last of a multi-year pledge to the Northern Berkshire Healthcare capital campaign.) $325,000
Does this mean that the faculty is satisfied with North Adams Regional Hospital? I suspect that they are not. Recall that the Presidential Search Prospectus tells us:
A recent study showed that over the previous ten years Williams had made annual financial contributions in the community that averaged more than $500,000 and additional one-time contributions of $5 million.
That would suggest annual spending of $750,000. Have we now cut that in half? Good. That is one step in the direction that I suggested.
Many readers attack me for being anti-faculty because I think that the College should donate much less money to local non-profits. Well, the Williams Administration (Morty, Wagner, Lenhart, Trustees) just decided to donate hundreds of thousands of dollars less to local non-profits than Williams has in the past. Are they anti-faculty too?
Graduate Art Program reduced visiting lectures and financial aid, and other savings $135,000
Williams should provide zero financial aid to graduate students in Art (and at the CDE). We are a undergraduate institution, first and foremost.
Course Development stipends were reduced $100,000
Who says that the Administration does not listen to me? This is a great example of a total boondoggle, paying the faculty extra money to do their jobs.
Needless to say, the Administration does not listen to me. But they sure seem to end up doing a lot of the things that I recommend! And that's because the budget is a zero sum game, millions of dollars must be cut and reasonable Ephs will often agree on what is least important to Williams.
Spending by Category 2008-09 to 2009-10
1) This table would be more informative with at least a few more years of data.
2) A senior faculty member told me that cutting the first $10 to $15 million out of the Williams budget was easy. There was a lot of fat. But cutting the next $10 million is very hard.
Read more
Class Section Offerings and Sizes
Lots of interesting data here (archive here). No complaints from me about the quality of those charts. (Note that 19 was chosen as the maximum number for a large portion of Williams classes to help increase our US News ranking since percentage of classes with fewer than 20 students matters in the formula.)
Suggestion: I am most curious about seeing this data from a student's point of view. Every student takes 32 classes, more or less. What is the average class size for those 32? Or, just looking at a given year, every student at Williams in 2008-2009 took 8 classes, thereby generating a total of around 16,000 student-in-a-class experiences. What was the average class size for those 16,000 "golden tickets?" I suppose that I could create this information myself by transforming the data in some way . . . suggestions welcome.
And, as always, my suggestion is No More Lectures. We can't go there immediately, of course, but I would like to see Adam Falk break up the 19 classes with more than 50 students. Just do what ECON does and offer multiple sections of these (mostly) introductory classes.
Faculty and Staff Size
Great data (archive here).
0) This is wonderful information. Kudos again to Provost Bill Lenhart for making it public.
1) Scariest part of this chart if you are not a faculty member? There are no staff numbers for 2010/2011!
Look at both what is there, and what is not there.
At the beginning of the crisis, the College hoped to avoid lay-offs and cuts in financial aid. Throughout, Morty/Trustees seemed, if anything, to consider the financial aid the most important part of the budget, the last thing to be cut. And, yet, we have cut it by adding loans back in. I bet this means that there will be lay-offs. And, if I were Adam Falk, I should would like those lay-offs to be announced before my arrival! If not, then the natural timing would be after the trustee meeting in April or during the summer when the students aren't around to complain. You read it here first.
Read more
Spending Leading Up to the Economic Downturn
Day 7 of our chart-by-chart march through the material on the 2010 Provost Report. Finally! Some details on Williams spending over time (archive here).
1) One of my purposes here is to highlight for our faculty readers places where Williams spends too much. Instead of whining about a faculty pay freeze, they should be challenging, privately and publicly, the Administration/Trustees about some of these line items. I would focus on two: First, the growth in Administration, much if it due to the Investment Office. Close it. Second, the spending on WCMA. We all agree that WCMA is wonderful. Can't we just roll back its budget to 2004-2005?
2) It would be better to show a decade's worth of data, or at least to add 5 and 10 year growth rates.
3) Instead of just knowing the total spending on Graduate Programs, we need to know the net spending. If the Masters in Art History and CDE bring in enough money, then no worries (although I would still close them). But, if they cost the College millions, then we should look more closely. (Again, faculty can have their raises or they can have graduate programs. They can't have both.)
Back of the envelope, there are 30 CDE fellows this year (big increase?), each paying $50,000, thereby generating $1.5 million. This is a bit of a scam since most (?) of the money comes from emerging country central banks who are, more or less, just printing it.
The Masters in Art costs $40,000 but there is some (a lot?) of financial aid provided by Williams. There are about 20 students in the program. So, call it $800,000.
So, it could be that the funds generated by these programs come close to paying for themselves. And, moreover, most of those costs (professor salaries?) are fixed. The College is stuck with those professors even if it closes the programs. It is hard to make a sensible judgment without more information.
A Different Look at Spending
Another ridiculous pie chart (achive here) — this time in duplicate!
1) Pie charts are among the worst methods for transmitting numerical information. Bar charts are much better.
2) You have the data for each year for the last 10 years. Show it! The more data that you show people, the more informed they will become.
3) Without the numbers for specific categories, it is hard to make sense of things. Has spending on the library/museum increased or decreased (in percentage terms) in the last decade? Looking at the pie chart, we can't tell!
If I were a Trustee, I would be quite critical of this chart. Doing it right takes no more time than doing it wrong.
Continuing our two week review of the 2010 Provost Report.
Another pie chart that should have been a bar chart with 10 years of data in it (archive here). More importantly, this is the first example of a statement that might mislead an inattentive trustee (i.e., one that does not read EphBlog).
Williams is a different college from what it was ten years ago in a number of ways. One is that the student body has become much more socio-economically diverse. That's the main reason why the percentage of our operating spending devoted to financial aid has grown from 13% to 21%.
There is evidence that Williams has become more socially diverse, in the sense that a higher percentage of students have parents without college degrees now than in the past.
There is no evidence that Williams has become more economically diverse in the last decade, at least with regard to US students. So, there is no good (at least public) evidence the "main reason" for increased spending on financial aid is the change in the mix of students who attend Williams.
I have reviewed this topic many times. See below for a refresher.
1) Looking at the increase in students on financial aid over the last decade tells you little about the decrease, if any, in student family wealth. Imagine that Williams raised tuition to $1 billion dollars but still met everyone's demonstrated need while enrolling the exact same students. Suddenly:
100% of students are on financial aid. Look how socio-economically diverse we are!
Williams spends $2 trillion on financial aid, orders of magnitude more than we have in the past. Look how socio-economically diverse we are!
These statements are true but they are, obviously, misleading. Raising tuition and giving out more aid does not, in and of itself, mean that students are coming from poorer families. Ending loans does not necessarily, without a change in admissions policies and/or relative yields, increase the number of poor students at Williams. To figure out if Lenhart is telling the truth, we need to look at the actual income/wealth of Williams students.
2) In theory, Williams might have increased the number of poor students and decreased the number of rich students. And, perhaps, by increasing the number of (honestly?) poor international students and decreasing the number of (relatively) rich US students, this has happened. But there is no evidence that, among US students, average family income/wealth has declined. None. Zero. Zip. Zilch. Previous discussion here. Summary:
The key conclusion is that, while the number of families getting aid has risen (853 to 990 or up 16%), the median income of those families has risen faster (65k to 79k or up 22%) so the wealth of the family at the 20th percentile of all Williams families has risen (about 10%) as well. If anything, Williams is less socioeconomically diverse than it was a decade ago.
There are various complexities to account for in terms of inflation, changes in average family size and so on. But, big picture, there is no evidence that there are more poor US students at Williams today than there were 10 years ago.
3) Even worse, I have actually pursued the College on this point. It is an easy question to answer because the College has good family income data on US students who apply for financial aid. Consider just the 400th poorest student at Williams. (He would be at the 20th percentile of the income distribution.) What is his family's income? (Obviously, we don't need to know his name.) What was the family income of the 400th poorest student 10 years ago? That simple comparison wouldn't tell you everything — perhaps the numbers have shifted in other parts of the distribution — but it would be a simple way to demonstrate that the increase on financial aid spending is actually caused by lower family incomes among Williams students.
4) In fact, I can make this even easier! (It is often hard for Director of Institutional Research Chris Winters '95 to gather data from several years ago.) We know from the 2008 letter to the Senate that, in 1997-1998, the 426th poorest US student at Williams had a family income of about $63,800. What is the family income of the 426th poorest US student at Williams today? Chris Winters can answer that question in about 30 seconds.
5) If I were a Trustee, I would ask Bill Lenhart for that number.
On giving to Williams (archive here).
Recessions understandably affect giving. Not all the giving shown here is spent on current operations; some goes to endowment and to building projects. The numbers for recent years were affected positively by The Williams Campaign, which ended Dec. 31, 2008. Despite the continued commitment and generosity of our alumni, parents, and friends, it's likely to be a few years before we experience those levels of giving again.
I don't really understand these donation totals, averaging about $50 million per year from 2006 — 2008. Can someone explain?
1) The College claims that the Williams Campaign raised $500 million from 2003 to 2008. Great. But then how come these donations don't add up to anywhere near that?
2) In discussing revenues, Provost Lenhart reports that 5% of the $205 million in revenue for 2009-2010 was from "Annual Giving." But that would only be a little over $10 million. This chart has "Total Giving" at $35 million, which I guess is not the same as "Annual Giving"
3) Most likely, we just need a more careful breakdown of donations into different categories. My guesses (clarifications welcome):
a) The $10 million in "Annual Giving" from the Revenues chart is from the annual Alumni and Parent fund drives. The College takes this money and spends it directly on operations.
b) The $35 million in "Total Giving" from the Giving chart includes the Annual Giving and some special categories that recur every year. The big items would be the class gifts for the 25th and 50th reunion classes. (Some info here.) This might also include Planned Giving and/or donations from corporations. Much of this money, especially the 25th and 50th reunion gifts, goes to specific uses, not just general operations.
c) The $100 million per year that the Williams Campaign raised over the five years from 2003 through 2008 includes a) and b). It then adds in the Leadership gifts that fund major items.
4) Keep the following table in mind when trying to understand donations at Williams.
Just 89 donors (out of over 25,000 alumni) are responsible for 60% of the money raised. Just 561 account for over 85%. Want the people in Hopkins Hall to take your opinions very seriously? Get on those lists.
Total Financial Assets
This is an excellent chart. (Archive here.)
The diamonds in the graph below show the amount spent each year from endowment, while the bars show the endowment's value at the beginning of each fiscal year. Over the past decade the amount spent from endowment doubled from roughly $40 million to $80 million. The colored bars indicate the three fiscal years, including the current one, that began with the endowment at $1.4 billion. In the first of these years (2000-01) we spent from endowment almost $40 million less than we plan to this year. In 2005-06 it was almost $20 million less. Some of those differences have been made up by increases in revenue from student fees and from gifts, but the rest is coming from a level of endowment spending that's not sustainable over time.
1) I have made the exact same point again and again. Morty's Armstrong kegger spending spree has Williams using twice as much ($80 million versus $40 million) from the endowment this year as it did a decade ago. Reasonable people might not blame Morty for this since we all (?) thought that the bubble would go on forever. Yet there is no excuse for not adjusting to this reality as soon as possible. Security is here to end the party.
Read more
Starting our two week examination of the Provost's Report, let's look at revenues: original here, archive here.
1) Pie charts are a stupid way of transmitting information. Bar charts are better, especially a bar chart that shows these categories over the last decade or so.
2) How many times do I need to refute this wishful thinking?
It's increasingly important that we get our rate of spending from endowment back as soon as possible to a sustainable level, which is generally considered to be around 4.5 to 5% of its beginning-of-year value.
"Generally considered" by whom? Williams can only spend 5% of the endowment if it can grow that endowment at 5% (real) over the long term. It can't. Believing otherwise is a Ponzi delusion. The sustainable rate is much close to the world GDP growth of 3% or so. (If the Williams endowment could really grow faster than the world, then Williams would eventually own the whole world. How likely is that?)
Still don't understand this? Think of all the institutions/families in the world that had the equivalent of $1 billion (or some very large amount) in 1910. How many of them could have plausibly claimed, in 1910, that they had a plan which would yield 5% real investment returns over the next 100 years? Round numbers: None. Most of them failed to do nearly as well. And the very few that did were just the lucky monkeys throwing darts. Or, even if they were led by genius investors, those investors are dead now.
Unless you had some magic spell that allowed you to discover market-beating investments year after year, it would have been stupid to think, in 1910, that you could achieve 5% real returns.
Now, its 2010. There are hundreds of large institutions (foundations, pension funds, endowments) with hundreds of billions under management, all of whom think that they can beat the market. It just won't happen. A few will probably get lucky. But all the wealth in the world can not grow faster than the world itself grows.
Assuming 5% allows us to spend money that we really don't have.
For 2009-10, the Trustees approved a higher than normal asset use rate of 5.6%, which reflects both a substantial reduction in asset-use and a commitment to maintaining the quality of a Williams education.
The College deserves credit for the real cuts that it has made so far. But more will need to be done, and the sooner we start doing it, the better.
Provost Report 2010
As previously discussed, Williams has made public an impressive collection of financial information. President Bill Wagner writes:
January 21, 2010
To the Williams Community,
As background to the ongoing campus discussions of the College's next steps in responding to the new economic realities, the Provost's Office and the Office of Public Affairs have developed the following Web site.
It shows trends in the College's revenue and spending over two time periods: the decade before the global crisis began and the year plus since then.
The more we all understand the factors that led to the current situation the better decisions about the future we are likely to make.
This site makes that information widely available.
Kudos all around. The more transparent Williams is, the more likely the College is to be successful. So, in the spirit of open discussion and debate, I will post a selection of the Report every weekday at noon for the next two and a half weeks. There is much interesting material to discuss.
Do any of our trustee/administration readers know how much of an overlap there is between this material and the documents used by the Trustees during their January meeting? It sure seems like these are exactly the sort of reports that the Trustees would have been looking at . . .
From the main page of the Report:
Background Information on College Finances, Jan. 2010
As background to the College's financial situation, the documents on this site show changes in revenue and spending, in some cases since the beginning of the global financial crisis and in some cases over the past decade or more.
They show that we headed into the crisis with considerable financial strength, reacted quickly to changed circumstances, and need to adapt further to the changed environment. Our growth in spending over the past decade was fueled in large part by a surge in resources of a kind unlikely to recur anytime soon.
Understanding our recent history can help inform our decisions on next steps.
Exactly right. One minor suggestion: It would be nice if all this material were gathered into a pdf (or some other kind of) document.
Data From the Provost
Huge props to Provost Bill Lenhart and the rest of the Williams Administration for making this excellent collection of data publicly available. (Hat tip to Will Slack '11.)
1) There is so much good material here, I don't even know where to begin. I will devote next week to an item-by-item discussion. Contain your excitement.
2) At first glance, this data looks highly detailed and comprehensive. I could imagine that this is almost exactly the same as the information that the Trustees are looking at this week-end. True?
3) As longtime readers know, I (and others at EphBlog) have been complaining/campaigning/cajoling for years in order to encourage Williams to be more transparent. This is exactly the sort of material that we had in mind. Anything (or, almost anything) that is presented at a faculty meeting or to the Trustees ought to be made public.
4) The more information that members of the College community have about Williams, the more informed their opinions will be. More informed opinions lead to better discussion and debate, which leads to better decision-making and results. But that is too wordy! EphBlog needs a handy slogan which encapsulates this argument. Suggestions? Transparency for excellence?
Currently browsing posts filed under "Provost Report 2010"


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Kumkum Bhagya 23rd June 2014 Written Episode Update
Kumkum Bhagya 23rd June 2014 Written Episode, Written Update on TellyUpdates.com
The episode starts with Pragya waiting for Abhi. Abhi comes in tired. He removes his sherwani when he gets a call and informs that he had a couple of drinks and says he can drive but, but says will come with driver and leaves. Pragya sadly sees him going and waits whole night worrying for Abhi. She remembers Abhi telling someone of having drinks and then going out, thinks if he has driven himself. She comes down and does not see anyone there. She thinks of calling him, but does not have his phone number. She finds driver's number and calls him, asks where is Abhi. Driver informs apartment address where Abhi is. She catches auto and reaches there. She asks driver where is Abhi who says he is in flat #1803. Pragya reaches flat #1803 and sees Tanu Mehta's name on it. She rings bell and is shocked to see Tanu out. She hears Abhi's voice asking who is there and sees Abhi drinking on a sofa. Abhi asks Tanu to shoo away whoever is out there. Pragya surprisingly says why is Abhi here. Tanu asks why is she asking her, it is because of her sins that is happening. Abhi asks Tanu to close the door as he has to go back to behanji/Pragya back and says he hates her a lot. Tanu asks her go now if she has heard Abhi now. Pragya gets devastated hearing that and starts walking on the road remembering Daadi's words that Abhi is very nice guy and then Abhi telling he believes his daadi's choice. She then remembers Abhi telling he hates her and then Sarla falling ill after she rejected Abhi's proposal. Jag suna suna laage…. song plays in the background. She remembers Sarla telling her dream and Pragya's wish has come true. She hears a radio news that Abhi got married on his daadi's insistence and the girl is lucky to marry Abhi and congratulating all.
Tanu calls Aaliya who informs that behanji had come there. Aaliya ashtonishingl wakes up hearing that. Tanu says Pragya heard everyting and looked devastated. Aaliya thanks her for the information and says she will tell her rest of the news tomorrow.
Pragya comes back home and falls asleeop on ground crying. She hears door knock and opens it. Daadi comes in and greets her goodmorning. She turns back and sees Abhi standing there who says he brought tea for her and says he did not disturb Pragya seeing sleeping and asks Pragya if she is fine now. Daadi asks them to come down for breakfast after getting ready. Pragya shockingly watches everyting silently. Abhi informs Aaliya about the incident and says Pragya was in shock after seeing that.
Pragya is on breakfast table with daadi. Sarla calls daadi asks her let her speak to Pragya. Once Pragya takes phone, Sarla asks if she is fine and asks she must be having so many servants to take care of her. Abhi takes phone from Pragya and says Sarla that Pragya is absolutely fine and gives back Pragya phone asking her to speak to her mother. Pragya says Sarla that she will speak to her later. Pragya drags Abhi to their room and says she saw him in Tanu's house and asks him to tell the truth. Abhi says I will call your boyfriend who will tell the truth. She asks what problem he has. Abhi says she trapped Purab and wanted to marry him, but once she saw him, she got greedy and trapped his daadi to marry him. Aaliya comes there and asks Abhi how can he talk to bhabhi like that. He asks Pragya not to worry and says she will make her life a hell and asks how can she think of snatching her Purab and says now she is in deep hell and where will she go. Abhi says she snatched Purab from her sister dreaming about Abhi's money and says now Purab will come back to them. He says this marriage is a big punishment for her and she deserves it.
Pragya thinks how can they betray her like that just for a revenge. She then remembers Sarla and Purbi praising Abhi.
Bulbul and Purbi get angry on Sarla for not letting them speak to Pragya. Sarla says Pragya is with her in-laws and cannot speak, they can speak to her at the reception tonight. Daadi asks how is Pragya. Sarla says she is happy with Abhi and praises Abhi.
Abhi asks Aaliya now that we revealed our plan to Pragya, what will we do next. Aaliya says we will make Pragya's life a hell for her betrayal and mistakes.
Precap: Purab calls Abhi, says he did not make any mistake and to trust him. Abhi says he got married. Purab shockingly asks how and to whom.
Update Credit to: H Hasan

subset: commoncrawl


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There is a kooky poignancy to the city flower of Los Angeles. No other plant comes quite so close as the bird of paradise to having the actual aspect of an animal. It's like a bird, yes -- a crane -- yet what's so moving is its quality of high-chinned hesitancy, as if it's lost but is too shy to ask for directions.
It's all the more touching to learn that the bird of paradise is lost. Stranded in traffic islands outside LAX, the convention center and every other courtyard apartment complex in Los Angeles, it is thousands upon thousands of miles from its home in KwaZulu-Natal. More than two centuries ago, it was bagged from its perches in the Eastern Cape and Natal province of South Africa and whisked off into the plant trade by an English explorer. From that moment onward, the plant known as ikhamanga in Xhosa and inkamanga in Zulu became captive to our imaginations. In the last two centuries, we have renamed it bird of paradise, idolized it and reviled it, made it the flower of royals, the emblem of star-crossed love, the Los Angeles city flower and finally, the floral retort to Florida's plastic pink flamingos. The only thing we have failed to do is consider the plant on its own merits.
The first ones to arrive in Europe were recorded in 1773 at the Royal Gardens at Kew, near London, where they made such an impression that the species was named Strelitzia reginae (pronounced struh-leet-ZEE-uh), after the duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. This was no small honor. The duchess, Charlotte, was also the queen of England, wife of George III. A certain Col. Warren of Sacramento introduced them into California in 1853, and "Southern California Gardens: An Illustrated History" by Victoria Padilla finds Strelitzias wowing the good burghers of Santa Barbara in the Montecito nursery of Joseph Sexton in the 1870s.
In 1932, they went from status symbol to sex symbol. David O. Selznick bought the rights to a Broadway play, hired King Vidor to direct, Dolores Del Rio and Joel McCrea to star, and selected Waikiki as location. "I don't care what you use," Selznick told Vidor regarding the film, "so long as we call it 'Bird of Paradise' and Del Rio jumps into a volcano at the finish."
By World War II, Japanese flower farmers in Southern California were cultivating them by the acre. Though much of the lucrative farming for the florist trade was seized during internment, Japanese affection for the bird of paradise held. It remains in the cutting repertoire of origami.
But such delicate regard was not L.A.'s style. In 1952, Manfred Meyberg, president of Germain's Seed and Plant Co. and the civic booster behind the "Los Angeles Beautiful" campaign, succeeded in having it made the city flower. This time it was a religious association -- only the bird of paradise seemed good enough for the City of Angels -- but in the end it might have been kinder to throw it in a volcano: regal, sexy, tragic, imprisoned and now divine Strelitzia became standard-issue stuffing for civic beds.
Which brings us to the current state of affairs. The bird of paradise is no less spectacular today than it was 200 years ago: Queen Charlotte would recognize the specimen growing outside the Burbank IKEA as her namesake. However, as poor old Strelitzia gained in popularity, its snob appeal plummeted.
There are few crueler fates for an exotic plant than to lose curiosity value. The Huntington Botanical Gardens used to have lots of them, says Kathy Musial, curator of living collections. As they became about as chic as garden gnomes, the Huntington has slowly been taking out stands dating back to Henry Huntington's time.
Speaking from his cellphone in the Department of Agriculture Plant Inspection Center at LAX, where he was checking a new haul of Thai euphorbias and aspidistras through customs, L.A. nurseryman Gary Hammer says that he no longer handles bird of paradise. It's a "Home Depot plant," he says.
The Huntington and Hammer are in the exotica business. The variety most likely to be spared at the Huntington is the rarer, sword-leaved juncea variety, Musial says. On the rare occasion that Hammer stocks Strelitzias, he will only have truck with juncea too, Hammer says. But before the rest of us start ripping out good old reginae, he warns, we should remember why it is so popular. The doughty grace of this African import has proved perfect for Los Angeles.
According to the textbooks, it shouldn't be, Musial says. Strelitzias are from the Eastern Cape of South Africa, and our Mediterranean climate is more like that of the Western Cape, which receives no summer rainfall. It may be our clay and largely alkaline soil, she speculates. Whatever it is, Musial agrees with Hammer: Something about the Strelitzias equip them to cope with Southern California uniquely well.
It's the fleshy roots, says Ernesto Sandoval, curator of the Botanical Conservatory at UC Davis. The Strelitzia genus is part of an order of plants that also takes in bananas, heliconias and traveler's palms. They can live as long as trees, get as big as trees, but are in fact big herbs, with rhizomatous roots, like mint or milkweed, but fleshier. Once a plant is established, these roots, Sandoval says, can store surprising quantities of water, then mete it out slowly. This ability combined with water-efficient waxy foliage and the ability to suspend growth during drought has allowed the plant to adapt to Los Angeles as artfully as a native.
Hammer has only one warning about planting too close to the house: They get bigger. Give bird of paradise enough water, sun and fertilizer and the 10-inch tall plant in the one-gallon pot is capable of turning into a 6-foot-high plant. Mistake a S. reginae for the Strelitzia nicolai, a tree version, and it can be 30 feet. So don't put it under a window unless you want to block the view.
Wherever you put it, be sure you like it. The roots establish themselves so firmly that they are a job to remove, but they aren't foundation busters, Sandoval says. In fact, they are a good choice to plant near buildings or by concrete walkways because they don't thicken like tree roots.
The most important thing when placing them is not to put them anywhere you wouldn't put a hummingbird. Strelitzias won us over because of the way they look -- their gracious architecture, the stunning blue petals and orange sepals -- and that they flower nearly year-round. Too often gardeners and urban planners forget that flowers have pollinators. Strelitzias are veritable nectar fountains. Placing the plants in the line of traffic is the equivalent of putting an ice-cream truck in the middle of a freeway.
A single Strelitzia popping out from a hedge or run of aloe can be as charming and comical as coming upon a Miro sculpture. Yet there is that haunting quality, that quirky vulnerability. Plant them en masse and the effect changes. They somehow become awe-inspiring. We see the flower that is now a badge of pride in new South Africa, on the new coat of arms for KwaZulu-Natal, and the emblem of the country's highest honor in sport and art, Order of the Ikhamanga. We see them as what they are: a glorious flock of birds from somewhere else. Somewhere special.
Choosing the right species for your space
If you want a commotion in the flock, bring up the subject of how many species there are of bird of paradise. In 1811, the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew claimed six. The number has been falling ever since, as botanists came to appreciate the variability possible in one species, Strelitzia reginae.
Strelitzias can be divided from root, creating armies of clones, but the plants take so long to recover that nurseries opt for seedlings. These can be unpredictable as any group of offspring, so S. reginae can have almost blade-like leaves or the paddle-shaped ones we know.
The flower colors can include orange, blue, gold and white. Heights can be as variable as a seventh-grade basketball team.
Of the truly different varieties, with dramatically different habits, you won't find S. alba or S. caudata in the trade here. For white flowers, look for the tree, S. nicolai. Just keep in mind that sweet little "flower" on the seat next to you will turn into a 30-foot-tall tree.
Strelitzia reginae
The classic bird of paradise bush, a waxy-leafed "herb" from the Eastern Cape province and KwaZulu-Natal. Typical clumping habit, from 4 to 6 feet tall. It's capable of withstanding a low 28 degrees. As long as the soil doesn't freeze, frost-damaged foliage will return in spring.
Plant tags will always stipulate pampering: first-class drainage, full sun, monthly fertilizer, regular water. Once the seedling is established, it can grow in Southern California with predominant shade, no fertilizer and the occasional slow watering and light shower with the hose.
For want of the plant's South African pollinator, the sun bird, which carries the pollen on its feet, seeds will not form without hand-pollination. When you buy seeds, note the little hairy tuft, what UC Davis botanical curator Ernesto Sandoval calls "a little toupee." Sandoval thinks it is to attract ants to scarify the shell, eating it so that the seed can germinate. Propagators have to stand in for the ants. Martin Grantham, greenhouse manager at San Francisco State University, recommends soaking the seeds in an ethephon solution, a chemical used to ripen tree fruit.
Or you could buy a seedling at Home Depot. The one-gallon purchased there, at Armstrong or any leading nursery, will represent three years of tender loving care.
Strelitzia reginae, var. juncea
A bird of paradise that still impresses novelty junkies. The leaves are blade-like, and the plant is altogether longer, skinnier, grassier-looking than S. reginae. Sandoval recommends planting red yucca, agave and succulents for a southwestern hummingbird garden.
Strelitzia reginae, 'Mandela's Gold'
Same care as S. reginae, but with a gold flower bred at South Africa's Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden.
Strelitzia nicolai
Nicknamed the "desert banana" in South Africa and white bird of paradise in garden centers, this is a tree with 4-foot-long, banana-like leaves and white flowers. Capable of growing to 30 feet tall. Treat as one would a banana tree: moderate sunshine, occasional deep water, plenty of room.
Emily Green can be reached at email@example.com.


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Over the course of the past year, perfumistas have been debating whether Pierre Montale is or is not the nose behind the perfume house bearing his name. Clearly Montale is the creative director, but does he exert any real influence over the compositions poured out by his house? Or is an obscure Palestinian man, Ammeh Atmeh, working behind the scenes in a shop somewhere in the United Arab Emirates, really the genius behind the launches for which Pierre Montale has become famous in the perfume world?
My fragrant friends, I come to you today with an alternative hypothesis. This theory, if I may, has yet to receive any sustained treatment by any of the bloggers I've read, but I am sure that upon reflection you will agree that it has much merit and is in all likelihood true. Let me begin simply, by boldly asserting what many of you have been waiting to hear: Pierre Montale is not the nose behind the illustrious Montale niche perfumes.
This is not, however, for want of talent, I hasten to add. The man has in fact had much bigger designs in mind than either you or I might ever have imagined or divined. Mixing together liquids using eye droppers and pipettes in a small laboratory in Paris? No, I'm afraid that Mr. Montale has been spending the best hours of his nights—he sleeps by day—penning the works of one William Shakespeare.
That Pierre Montale is in fact William Shakespeare may on its face seem an absurd proposition—and I own that it is. Key phrase: on its face. The trouble, my fragrant friends, is that for far too long you've been attempting to peer into the wrong atelier. You've been imagining a man in a beret mixing liquids into delightful Middle East-inspired oud elixirs.
In reality, Mr. Montale, far from being a French man with suspected relatives—whether legitimate or illegitimate—in Grasse, is the Bard of Stratford-upon-Avon. I am well aware that Shakespeare's dates are commonly given as April 26, 1564 – April 23, 1616, but these were fabricated by Mr. Montale, along with all of the names of perfumes in which all of his literary works, attributed to "Shakespeare", have been encoded.
Your skepticism is fully warranted, and indeed praiseworthy, O Gently Scented Reader. You encountered the works of William Shakespeare long before you sniffed Pierre Montale's perfumes. If Montale is really Shakespeare, then how and, more importantly, why would he not have taken credit for the prodigious oeuvre of the man said to be the greatest writer in the English language? What evidence could I possibly have to back up such an outlandish claim? I am afraid, my fragrant friends, that the evidence is not merely compelling, but overwhelming.
Exhibit A:
All the world's a stage,
and all the men and women merely players:
they have their exits and their entrances;
and one man in his time plays many parts...
and all the men and women merely players:
they have their exits and their entrances;
and one man in his time plays many parts...
—As You Like It, Act II, Scene 7
Clearly Montale is playing cat and mouse with the reader, teasing him, taunting him to discover the truth that Pierre Montale is really William Shakespeare, and William Shakespeare was not in fact a committee, as scholars have sometimes so vigorously argued. No, William Shakespeare is a complete and utter fiction created by one clever man, Pierre Montale.
The virtual existence of Shakespeare has permitted Montale to live off royalties paid into tax-free off-shore bank accounts from which he has drawn the funds needed to remunerate Ammar Atmeh to produce perfume ostensibly on Mr. Montale's behalf and in his name.
The virtual existence of Shakespeare has permitted Montale to live off royalties paid into tax-free off-shore bank accounts from which he has drawn the funds needed to remunerate Ammar Atmeh to produce perfume ostensibly on Mr. Montale's behalf and in his name.
Why has Montale not stepped forward to answer the charges made against him by bloggers all over the world wide web?
Men of few words are the best men.
—King Henry V, Act III, Scene II
I sense furrowed brows before me. Inquiring minds are prepared to reiterate and insist: Why not take credit where credit is due?
The better part of valour is discretion.
—King Henry IV, Part I, Act V, Scene IV
But why, you may continue to protest, should Pierre Montale pretend to be a lowly perfumer, not even considered an artist by contemporary standards, if in fact behind the mask Montale has composed and credited to one William Shakespeare, 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and about 10 other poems?
Though this be madness, yet there is method in 't.
—Hamlet, Act II, Scene II
Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
—King Henry IV, Part II, Act III, Scene I).
Pierre Montale has often been claimed or thought to be the nose behind the many, many perfumes launched by his eponymous house over the past decade and sold in the Montale Paris boutique which opened in 2003. To date, the Montale perfumes number about 93. To some this would seem excessive, going beyond even Bond no 9 in frequency of new launches, which, in about the same amount of time, has launched approximately 73 perfumes (both figures are from the Parfumo.net database). The Bard himself retorts in a well-known passage:
Can one desire too much of a good thing?
—As You Like It, Act IV, Scene I
Could a man shamelessly fool all of Western civilization through the perverse fictional creation of what is thought to be the greatest of all fiction writers in the English language? Does not such an act of arrant duplicity and deception assault the basic presuppositions of honesty and trust underlying and essential to peaceful cohabitation in civil society?
Conscience is but a word that cowards use,
devised at first to keep the strong in awe.
—King Richard III, Act V, Scene III
Many a perfumista has poked fun at the boring names of the Montale collection, which seem to be pieced together using a random name generator. The Bard scoffs:
What's in a name? That which we call a rose
by any other name would smell as sweet.
—Romeo and Juliet, Act II, Scene II
Some have wondered about the excessive focus of the house of Montale on oud perfumes: Aoud Rose Petals, Steam Oud, Aoud Shiny, Moon Oud, Aoud Blossom, Aoud Leather, Aoud Lime, Red Oud, Aoud Forest, Golden Oud, Aoud Amber, Wild Oud, Aoud Safran,... the list literally goes on and on. We find a clue to this obsession in the master's own texts. With these telling words, he reveals his ultimate intention, to continue to launch oud perfumes iteratively until the Middle Eastern elixir to end all Middle Eastern elixirs has finally been achieved:
All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.
—Macbeth, Act V, Scene I
To the bloggers and forum trolls who have attacked him, the Bard has answers as well:
The common curse of mankind, - folly and ignorance.
—Troilus and Cressida, Act II, Scene III
Nothing will come of nothing.
—King Lear, Act I, Scene I
What's done is done.
—Macbeth, Act III, Scene II


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Choosing a commercial HVAC company is an important part of the construction project when building your company from the ground up. If you hire the wrong company, the project may go astray from the start, causing unnecessary expense and stress in the process. The company chosen should offer expert service at a great price and of course, ensure that your HVAC installation meets hvac compliance burlington nc.
Do your homework before you hire any HVAC company.it is easy to ask around to learn more about the company before you hire and to use other sources of information to learn the details that you need. Search for a company that has plenty of experience and expertise, who is dedicated to providing you superb services, and who doesn't charge an arm and a leg for the work. Most companies offer no cost estimates if you want to compare rates with a few providers before you hire. This is recommended to do since there are so many choices.
Search for a company that is experienced, licensed and insured, and professional. Ask about their reputation and check references. Go online and check out their website and social media pages and of course, the review sites that help give you insightful information into the company and what to expect when working with them. Compare costs and conduct interviews. A Little bit of work goes a long way when it's time to hire an HVAC company.
Make sure the time is taken to find an awesome HVAC company when it's time to construct your property. There is a lot depending on good, quality installation. Do not sacrifice your new company by hiring the first company that comes along. It is far too easy to compare the choices to settle for less.


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Mission Statement
Who do we think we are?
2RRR is a not-for-profit community radio station committed to the provision of a broadcasting facility that aims to allow and encourage the widest possible community usage through broadcast participation. This means that our number one priority is fulfilling the needs of the community that we are licensed to serve. We do this by giving a voice to the people who through mainstream media have no voice.
Through our programming and our community activities we seek to inform, entertain and unite communities across Sydney. Whilst we focus on the geographic communities of the Ryde and Hunters Hill Council catchment areas, we recognise that the issues that affect these areas have a relevance to people across Sydney.
2RRR recognises and encourages diversity in all its forms, through our programming, our membership and access to the facilities of the station. We allow programmers control over their own editorial content and don't inflict any station editorial policy, as long as that content complies with the principles of the Community Broadcasting Code of Conduct. This code compels member stations to "not broadcast material which may stereotype, incite, vilify, or perpetuate hatred against, or attempt to demean any person or group on the basis of ethnicity, nationality, race, gender, sexual preference, religion, age or physical or mental disability."
2RRR's main goals are to:
- Set up and operate a broadcasting facility, which we do from Henley Cottage in downtown Gladesville;
- Provide a community information and cultural exchange facility;
- Provide facilities for use by people to further their own cultural activities;
- Spread radio program production and radio operating skills widely in the community through workshop sessions and training programs;
- Promote cultural and artistic activity in the district by initiating concerts, lectures, seminars and other activities; and
- Allow and encourage the widest possible community use of our broadcasting facilities.
Who are you, and why are you here?
This is the key question! We have done many surveys to try and work out who are the listeners of 2RRR and have never found an answer to that question. Why? Simply because of the diversity of the programming on 2RRR, we have a variety of listeners who become passively or actively involved in listening to a range of different content on the station.
2RRR listeners don't fit into the traditional marketing definition of a target market. They are geographically spread; they have a variety of cultural and economic backgrounds. What unites them is that they are searching for a voice that they cannot hear anywhere else. Playlisted formats and pre-conceived ideas of voice and style may not interest them.
The reasons that people listen to 2RRR are as diverse as their own interests and backgrounds. They may want to become announcers themselves or they may simply want to listen. Some content on 2RRR will make them think, be critical of what they have come to accept is true. Some content will challenge and dare them to try something different. Other content will let them share voices from home, whilst more will simply entertain them in a way commercial radio never will. Listening to 2RRR is never just hearing a voice on the radio.
Why Can't I Listen to 2RRR 24 hours a day, 7 days a week?
Well, you can if you want although you may have to speak over twelve different languages! To be able to give a voice to hundreds of different communities means that the "traditional" format of radio does not apply to 2RRR – which makes us a very unique and special station. We see our diversity as our greatest strength.
By harnessing our diversities, we have been able to give our listeners programs that encompass a wide variety of musical genres from punk to jazz, from country to indie, from goth to pop to dance to dub. Our spoken word programs challenge and inform through comedy, multi-cultural and arts programming, political and intellectural debate and technology and recreational infotainment, with topics such as information, hobby enthusiasts, specialist topics and more!
We hope that our listeners will be able to broaden their perspectives by using 2RRR as their audio lending library, taste-testing a whole range of ideas, issues and music they may never have through to expose themselves. We want to challenge our listeners to hear more and think more. The best thing about 2RRR is that you will never hear two of the same thing, or listen to only one opinion. We are flexible and ever-evolving in the face of adversity.
Ok, now I love you, but how do I contact you?
Easy! Visit our contact page and start giving us feedback!


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Brahms's Elegies
The Poetics of Loss in Nineteenth-Century German Culture
Part of Music in Context
- Author: Nicole Grimes, University of California, Irvine
- Date Published: January 2019
- availability: Available
- format: Hardback
- isbn: 9781108474498
Other available formats:
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Nicole Grimes provides a compellingly fresh perspective on a series of Brahms's elegiac works by bringing together the disciplines of historical musicology, German studies, and cultural history. Her exploration of the expressive potential of Schicksalslied, Nänie, Gesang der Parzen, and the Vier ernste Gesänge reveals the philosophical weight of this music. She considers the German tradition of the poetics of loss that extends from the late-eighteenth-century texts by Hölderlin, Schiller and Goethe set by Brahms, and includes other philosophical and poetic works present in his library, to the mid-twentieth-century aesthetics of Adorno, who was preoccupied as much by Brahms as by their shared literary heritage. Her multifaceted focus on endings - the end of tonality, the end of the nineteenth century, and themes of loss in the music - illuminates our understanding of Brahms and lateness, and the place of Brahms in the fabric of modernist culture.Read more
- Investigates Brahms's literary preoccupations and incorporates much information gleaned from the composer's library, to establish his cultural context
- Explores the philosophical dimensions of Brahms's music and will appeal to those interested in the intersection of music and philosophy
- A significant amount of source material is translated into English for the first time which will benefit those interested in the cultural context of Brahms's music but are unable to read the original German texts
- Notable Music Book of 2019, Alex Ross: The Rest Is Noise (www.therestisnoise.com)
Reviews & endorsements
'Deftly weaving musical commentary into an elegant exploration of the broader cultural fabric of late nineteenth-century Germany, Grimes demonstrates how some of Brahms's greatest but least understood vocal compositions intersected with the intellectual, literary, and philosophical currents of his time. This compelling study represents contextual musicology at its best.' Walter Frisch, Columbia UniversitySee more reviews
'In Brahms's Elegies: The Poetics of Loss in Nineteenth-Century German Culture, a bold and imaginative book, Nicole Grimes takes the idea of Brahms's obsession with mortality and probes it from new and, at times, unexpected angles. The volume reveals an author who reads unusually widely and who uses her learning to challenge well-established interpretations … Brahms's Elegies is built on strong foundations, and one comes away from it educated, challenged and, above all, exhilarated. It's a fine piece of writing by a scholar who clearly relishes broad horizons.' Martin Ennis, Musicological Austriaca
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Product details
- Date Published: January 2019
- format: Hardback
- isbn: 9781108474498
- length: 292 pages
- dimensions: 254 x 180 x 18 mm
- weight: 0.75kg
- contains: 16 b/w illus. 12 tables 25 music examples
- availability: Available
Table of Contents
1. Brahms's ascending circle: Hölderlin and Schicksalslied
2. The ennoblement of mourning: Nänie and the death of beauty
3. A disembodied head for mythic justice: Gesang der Parzen
4. The last great cultural harvest: Nietzsche and the Vier ernste Gesänge
5. The sense of an ending: music's return to the land of childhood
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Curb Appeal
Nowadays, curb appeal means more than just analyzing your yard, lawn and front elevation to make sure it's beautiful and welcoming. Online photography is an extension of getting people out of their cars and into your listing: With people shopping online for practically everything, you have to make sure they're motivated to take that extra step of getting off their computers in the first place!
Once they're in the car, meeting an agent or just doing a drive-by, the more common definition of curb appeal comes into play. Walk out to the street and see what catches your eye first: Is the entry inviting and unique? Is the door covered by overgrown shrubs? Do you have any distracting lawn ornaments or quirky features that might be better off removed for now? Remember, one house's conversation piece is another family's eyesore, so keep it neutral.
Turn on your sprinklers before showings to give your lawn extra sparkle, make sure your house numbers are easily visible and bring nature right up to the door with potted blooming flowers in terracotta pots (yellow is said to be the most inviting color). Finally, remember: Curb appeal is a round-the-clock concern. People could be zooming by at any time of the day or evening, so it's important to make sure your home looks as inviting as possible so your buyers will remember to make an appointment in the morning.


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Dacia Logan MCVor similar This offer includes:
We recommend that you book your car in Targoviste in advance. During the high season, cars may become sold out or prices are going to rise!
Tip: It is very important you reserve your car in advance rather than arriving at the airport and risking higher rates, or even worse, no cars at all.
TargovisteRent a Car, Travel and Tourism Information
Being the town which has owned for more than 3 centuries the title of the most important economical, cultural and political of the country, Targoviste town owns a few monuments filled with historical meanings. Therefore, this town has become an important place for the tourists that spend their vacation in the south part of Romania
Touristic attractions and interest points
Among the most important touristic attractions from Targoviste there are the museum complex Curtea Domneasca, which includes The Chindi Tower, Tipar and Old Romanian Book Museum and Romanian Police Museum.
Distances and road connections
Targoviste town is at a distance of 80 km of the capital, at 70 km from Pitesti and at 50 km from Ploiesti. Also, it is situated at a distance of 66 km from Sinaia, and the road can be crossed in an hour and 20 minutes. In order to get from Targoviste to Bran, it takes 2 hours, and the road, which passes near more mountain peaks and straits, is extremely spectaculous.
Promotor Rent a Car services in Targoviste
Promotor Rent a Car Targoviste offers those who need a car both short term rent a car services, and long and medium term. Also, due to the partnerships made with some of the local rent a car firms, you have the possibility to choose a transfer between towns service, at the best prices in Romania. For a more pleasant and stressless ride, you can use the rent a car services from Targoviste, offered by Promotor Rent a Car Targoviste.
Rent cars at cheap and competitive prices. Reserve today and benefit of the curent promotions. Our prices have all the taxes included and there are no other hidden taxes. Rent a car from a secure company, with experience in the field of over 10 years. There are no taxes for card payment. Find the best quality-price raport in Targoviste, only with Promotor Rent a Car !
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|Home » Categories » Multiple Categories
How To Use SuExec in Apache to run CGI Scripts on an Ubuntu
Article Number: 233 | Rating: Unrated | Last Updated: Sun, Jan 5, 2014 at 8:52 PM
IntroductionThe Apache web server is the most popular web server in the world. It can be used to deliver static and dynamic web content to visitors in a multitude of different contexts.
One of the most common ways of generating dynamic content is through the use of
Running any kind of executable code within a web-space comes with a certain amount of risk. In this guide, we will demonstrate how to implement CGI scripting with the
PrerequisitesIn this guide, we will be configuring an Ubuntu 12.04 server with a standard LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) installation. We assume that you have already installed these basic components and have them working in a basic configuration.
We will be referencing the software as it is in its initial state following that tutorial.
How To Enable CGI ScriptsIn Ubuntu's Apache configuration, CGI scripts are actually already configured within a specific CGI directory. This directory is empty by default.
CGI scripts can be any program that has the ability to output HTML or other objects or formats that a web browser can render.
If we go to the Apache configuration directory, and look at the modules that Apache has enabled in the
This file contains the directive that enables the CGI module. This allows us to use this functionality in our configurations.
Although the module is loaded, it does not actually serve any script content on its own. It must be enabled within a specific web environment explicitly.
We will look at the default Apache virtual host file to see how it does this:
While we are in here, let's set the server name to reference our domain name or IP address:
<VirutalHost *:80> ServerName your_domain_or_IP_address ServerAdmin your_email_address. . .
We can see a bit down in the file the part that is applicable to CGI scripts:
Let's break down what this portion of the configuration is doing.
This means that a script called "script.pl" located in the
Its output would be returned to the web browser to render a page.
This option is actually unnecessary since we are setting up options for a directory that has already been declared a CGI directory by
If you wished to put CGI files in a directory outside of the ScriptAlias, you will have to add these two options to the directory section:
Options +ExecCGI AddHandler cgi-script .pl .rb [extensions to be treated as CGI scripts]
When you are done examining the file, save and close it. If you made any changes, restart the web server:
Make a Test CGI ScriptWe will create a basic, trivial CGI script to show the steps necessary to get a script to execute correctly.
As we saw in the last section, the directory designated in our configuration for CGI scripts is
We gave the file a ".pl" extension because this will be a Perl script, but Apache will attempt to run any file within this directory and will pass it to the appropriate program based on its first line.
We will specify that the script should be interpreted by Perl by starting the script with:
Following this, the first thing that the script must output is the content-type that will be generated. This is necessary so that the web browser knows how to display the output it is given. We will print out the HTML content type, which is "text/html", using Perl's regular print function.
After this, we can do whatever functions or calculations are necessary to produce the text that we want on our website. In our example, we will not produce anything that wouldn't be easier as just plain HTML, but you can see that this allows for dynamic content if your script was more complex.
The previous two components and our actual HTML content combine to make the following script:
Save and close the file.
Now, we have a file, but it isn't marked as executable. Let's change that:
Now, if we navigate to our domain name, followed by the CGI directory (/cgi-bin/), followed by our script name (test.pl), we should see the output of our script.
Point your browser to:
You should see something that looks like this:
Not very exciting, but rendered correctly.
If we choose to view the source of the page, we will see only the arguments given to the print functions, minus the content-type header:
How To Enable SuExecThere are some security concerns implicit in setting a script as executable by anybody. Ideally, a script should only be able to be executed by a single, locked down user. We can set up this situation by using the
suexec module.
We will actually install a modified suexec module that allows us to configure the directories in which it operates. Normally, this would not be configurable without recompiling from source.
Install the alternate module with this command:
Now, we can enable the module by typing:
Next, we will create a new user that will own our script files. If we have multiple sites being served, each can have their own user and group:
Feel free to enter through all of the prompts (including the password prompt). This user does not need to be fleshed out.
Next, let's create a scripts directory within this new user's home directory:
Suexec requires very strict control over who can write to the directory. Let's transfer ownership to the script_user user and change the permissions so that no one else can write to the directory:
Next, let's create a script file and copy and paste our script from above into it:
Make it executable next. We will only let our script_user have any permissions on the file. This is what the suexec module allows us to do:
Next, we will edit our Apache virtual host configuration to allow scripts to be executed by our new user.
Open the default virtual host file:
First, let's make our CGI directory. Instead of using the
Add this section:
This allows us to access our CGI scripts by going to the "/scripts" sub-directory. To enable the suexec capabilities, add this line outside of the "Directory" section, but within the "VirtualHost" section:
Save and close the file.
We also need to specify the places that suexec will consider a valid directory. This is what our customizable version of suexec allows us to do. Open the suexec configuration file:
At the top of this file, we just need to add the path to our scripts directory.
Save and close the file.
Now, all that's left to do is restart the web server:
If we open our browser and navigate here, we can see the results of our script:
Please note that with suexec configured, your normal CGI directory will not work properly, because it does not pass the rigorous tests that suexec requires. This is intended behavior to control what permissions scripts have.
ConclusionYou can now create scripts and execute them in a relatively secure way. CGI scripts are very helpful for quickly including dynamic content on your site. Suexec allows you to lock down this ability for greater security.
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An extra activity for our Mars lesson. We had to cut up steel wool into very small pieces. Obviously whoever wrote the instructions hadn't done it themselves. It's very hard to cut into tiny pieces, it all just wants to clump together. We did our best to break the pieces apart (while wearing gloves) and stir it through the sand.
One pan we kept dry, the other we poured enough water into to wet all the sand, but not flood. (That's chicken pox all over Skeeterbug's neck and face. Because I'm a mean homeschool mum who made him keep doing his schoolwork. He wasn't sick, just covered in spots!)
We had to keep the wet pan wet and check it in a week. Here's what we saw.
Definitely red. The steel wool rusted and everything turned red.
This was an extra activity from the notebooking journal. So is there steel on Mars?!? I don't think so, but they have found iron there, and apparently scientists believe Mars has gotten its red colour from rusting iron. Anyway, Skeeterbug learned that steel (and iron) can rust and when it does it turns a reddish colour.
Science done for the day!


text: A four-piece Christian rock band out of Waco, Texas, the Digital Age is comprised of four of the six members of the former David Crowder Band (which split in 2012), Jack Parker (guitar, Rhodes piano, banjo, vocals), Jeremy Bush (drums, percussion), Mike Dodson (bass, piano, keyboards, vocals), and Mark Waldrop (guitar, mandolin, percussion, vocals). It's a different band without Crowder out front, with Dodson and Waldrop handling most of the vocals, often in harmony, but the Digital Age does an equally good job at presenting spiritual-based material with a secular electronic rock sound. The band released an EP, Rehearsals, in the spring of 2012, and followed it with a full-length, Evening:Morning, at the end of the summer in 2013. ~ Steve Leggett


text:
E-flite 10 - 15 Size Main Electric Retract Set
|Low Price:
|Low Price:
This is the E-flite Main Electric Retract Set, and is intended for use with 10 - 15 Size aircraft that will accept functioning retracts. You don't have to be a master modeler to add the realism of functioning retracts to your airplane. E-flite's completely self-contained retract system requires no air tank, complex linkages or extra servo. It can simply be bolted into place and plugged into the receiver. A specially designed Y-harness is included that allows for the use of a single receiver channel to control all retract units.
Application: Aircraft 10–15 size
Aircraft Weight: 2.00 - 4.50 lb (0.90 - 2.00kg)
Strut Diameter: .118 inch (3mm)
Speed: 4.8V (1.25 seconds), 6.0V (1.0 seconds), 7.4V (.80 seconds)
Weight: 3.1 oz (complete set)
Motor Type: Electric brushed can
Connector Type: JR, universal
Gear Type: Metal
Current Draw Idle: 5mA
Current Draw Stall: 200mA
Voltage: 4.8–7.4
This product was added to our catalog on February 18, 2011


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20% Day
Growing by giving
One of our key values is giving, and this is why we introduced "20% day" on a Friday. In business you have the privilege of making money and money can make a difference. Charities and non-profit organisations fill the gaps that public services cannot fill, and small businesses have the potential to become large businesses that offer employment and stability. There is simply not enough money in tax contributions to pay for the services that many of these organisations offer, but if we are smart in business we can use our resources to help and to make money. We see it as our responsibility, collectively, to make a difference in this area, no matter how small.
20% day encourages staff to put aside their profit-making work on a Friday (where workload allows) to engage within tasks that must meet the following criteria. Staff must:
1. Develop creative skills (or teach themselves new ones).
2. Help someone, starting with what they have.
3. Ultimately benefit the business (which will be a natural result of 1 and 2 if done properly).
Some amazing projects have come out of 20% day, including The 100 Project (now a charity) and the following case studies below.


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Yung Berg ft. K. Young - With You
- Artist: Yung Berg
- Track: With You ft. K. Young
- Producer: Rob Holiday
- Album: The Love Project
Though his debut album, Look What You Made Me, did numbers that would typically get an artist dropped from his or her label, Yung Berg isn't about to let his career go down in flames. Still signed to Yung Boss/Epic/E1, Berg is already planning his follow-up, The Love Project. As the artist clarified, the album revolves around his love for the music game rather than for any particular woman, but that doesn't mean it won't include a few ladies' jams. On his new warm-up single, Berg tells his girl that, despite their disagreements, he's still in love "With You," always ready to make amends. K. Young (previously heard on labelmate Nipsey Hussle's Roll The Windows Up) delivers a smooth hook similar to those featured on many of LWYMM's tracks, but in-house producer Rob Holiday makes the biggest impression here—elevated by his slow-jam instrumental, With You is living proof that Yung Berg is still in his mode and has found his place as a hit-maker. What's not to love about that?


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Obama's pick of the Chief Technology Officer for the USA looks promising from an innovation perspective:
"In choosing Aneesh Chopra to be federal chief technology officer, President Barack Obama tapped one of state government's more innovative and energetic IT officials. The move, announced Saturday, offers more evidence that Obama is serious about using technology to change the way Washington works."
"In Chopra, Obama picked a CTO with a track record of understanding both the power of innovation, and the relationship between technology, education and economic success. That's not to say Chopra won't be tested: The federal bureaucracy surely will try his patience. And crucial questions about the reporting relationships and synchronization among the Obama's CIO, CTO and chief performance officer must be answered."
Source http://www.govtech.com


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Alarm Panels form the basis for Intrusion Detection systems and are used to tie the system into the larger custom security solution across the facilities. Capable of being remotely enabled and disabled, with the ability to send email notifications of entry and of notifying wider public safety networks of unauthorized access, they can also be tied into CCTV and Access Control systems to provide a wide range of applications and functionality. With a wide variety of manufacturers and systems to choose from, our Alarm Panel systems add to customizability of your facility security solutions.
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text:
From: Herbert Stein [mailto:email@example.com]
Sent: Thursday, August 20, 2015 5:51 PM
To: Madam Secretary Sylvia Matthews Burwell, United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
Cc: President of the United States
Subject: VNS Therapy for Depression – Implementation and Enforcement of the Law.
Dear Madam Secretary Burwell,
I'm terribly sorry to have to once again bore you with the fact that either you and/or your subordinates are not carrying out the duties, obligations and/or law with which you are entrusted.
December 30, 2014 an appeal was adjudicated rendering the NCD of May 4, 2007 not applicable to all the patients implanted prior to May 4, 2007. Depression patients with Vagus Nerve Stimulators, a medical device implant, are rightfully entitled, Doctrine of Continuity of Care, to medical care and replacement when necessary without having to be denied and/or responsible to appeal any denials.
The issue I now bring to your attention is the "implementation" and "enforcement" of the law and apparent lack of distribution of this law and acknowledgement by MAC, Regional agencies, State agencies, contractors etc. under your authority as evidenced by the communications I've received from various members of your staff and agencies that I have already shared with you and others.
The individual, with whom I chatted with today, a member of your agencies, confirmed "the left hand not knowing what the right hand is doing."
I would finally and once and for all appreciate your getting your agencies on the same page. I would also appreciate a communication from your office that all agencies, contractors etc. on down the line acknowledge and will implement and enforce the law.
As always, I wish all those reading my missives good health and all the good you'd wish for yourselves.
Joyce and Herbert Stein
1008 Trailmore Lane
Weston, FL 33326-2816
(954) 349-8733
NOTICE OF CONFIDENTIALITY / Disclaimer
Disclaimer: This E-Mail is covered by the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2510-2521 and is legally privileged. The information contained in this E-Mail is intended only for use of the individual or entity named above. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or the employee or agent responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution, or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you receive this E-Mail in error, please notify the sender immediately at the email address and/or phone number above and delete the information from your computer. Please do not copy or use it for any purpose nor disclose its contents to any other person.
CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This e-mail message including attachments, if any, is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mail, destroy all copies of the original message, and do not disseminate it further. If you are the intended recipient but do not wish to receive communications through this medium, please advise the sender immediately.


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December 23, 2013
Banned Section 16 KEE NWM - Keith Eisenbrey, Neal Meyer - October 1985
Once again, Wild Thing appears just about the time we give up on our collective imagination, sealing the fate of the session.
December 26, 2013
You Can See The Bottom - Triptet
|It was the hat that did it.
Karen and I won this CD (and many more!) for best costume at the release party at Egans.
(phases into and from):
1 landing arrival stops
2 uh oh nervous helicopters - hide!
3 on that other planet (the plumbing leaks)
4 straight up no apology
5 keening homophony slower than
6 tune in alien airwaves - jazznoir slinky number ends in back alley knife to throat
7 thrashjazz striving to be becoming conscious of self
8 weeks later same session self fully formed looking back
Sonata in E-flat K.282 - Mozart - Mitsuko Uchida
Such sensitive touch! Now I want to try playing this on my clavichord.
In Session at the Tintinabulary
December 23, 2013
Mitchell 1312230
Keith Eisenbrey
While Karen and Neal were rehearsing YMSK I tried out the freshly batteried pickup of the guitar that walked over the other day, in four track glory. This may be my best route to learning to play the thing.


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How Much Light Does It Take to Make a Money Tree Flower?
Money doesn't grow on trees -- not even on the money tree (Pachira aquatica). What does grow on the tree are attractive leaves and beautiful, showy flowers. Unfortunately, money trees grown indoors rarely bloom. Because the money tree is only hardy outdoors in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12, it is often grown indoors and is traditionally thought to bring luck and prosperity to its owner.
About Those Flowers
Outdoor money trees produce distinctively showy flowers and fruit. The flowers are yellowish-white, with petals that curl severely back to fully reveal thick clusters of 3- to 4-inch-long, red-tipped stamens. The flowers are replaced by football-shaped seed pods that can reach 12 inches in length and are filled with edible nuts that taste somewhat like peanuts.
Failure to Bloom
Like all flowering plants, money trees need proper care to bloom, but it's not light, or a lack of light, that causes these indoor plants to fail to bloom. Outdoors, they produce flowers quite readily if their basic needs are met -- and if they are pollinated. In the wild, bats pollinate money trees at night. Because this is unlikely to happen indoors, potted money tree plants grown as houseplants usually don't produce flowers. This doesn't mean they don't need light, however.
Let There Be Light
Indoor money trees need as much bright but indirect light as possible, such as sunlight filtered through a curtain. Direct afternoon sunlight may scorch the leaves. You may have to move an indoor money tree during the day to expose it to enough sunlight, or position it so the light hits it from two different windows. Outdoor money trees thrive in full sun or part shade, although the planting location should shield the leaves from direct sunlight during the summer. Full sun is defined as at least six hours of sunlight per day, although the hours don't have to be continuous. It's equally important that the tree grows in moist but well-drained soil.
About Those Leaves
Most indoor home gardeners prize the money tree for its attractive, broad-green leaves and ease of care. In addition, nurseries often braid the trunks of three trees together in one pot, making for a showy display. Outdoor money trees can reach a maximum average height and spread of about 30 feet, but indoors they will only reach a maximum average height of 6 to 8 feet.
Photo Credits
- Brand X Pictures/Stockbyte/Getty Images


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Lead Tracking
There are some steps you can take to make the lead management process a lot easier and your trade show (and other lead-generation efforts) much more profitable.
First, assign one person the responsibility of managing your company lead system so you won't have so many leads falling between the cracks. If you've followed the previous session on training your booth staff, you may have already assigned one of your booth staffers the responsibility for managing the leads for a specific show. That person should work closely with your Lead Manager.
The Lead Manager should be responsible for:
- Writing/editing lead response letters
- Determining the fulfillment package contents
- Making sure the fulfillment packages are sent out in a timely manner -- not a month after the show, but a week after the show
- Distributing leads among sales reps (or, if your budget allows for lead-qualification staff, managing the qualification process and then distributing the qualified leads to sales reps)
- Developing a lead form to collect exactly the information your company needs (or, reviewing the individual show's electronic lead collection systems that are usually available for rent)
- Setting up a timetable/flowchart for following the leads once they hit the field so you can come up with a return on investment for the show
Writing Response Letters
Writing a lead response letter is usually a much less painful process than writing letters for direct response mailings or other media. In the case of response letters, you know the people have shown interest in your product or service, and now you just have to make sure you answer all of their questions and give them the desire to act on your offer. A few quick tips include making the letter short, your voice and verbs active, and making the closing compelling.


text:
Posted on Friday, June 23, 2017 by Venn Group — No comments
Following a hung parliament earlier this month, and with the future of British government still lying in some uncertainty, British politics seems to be at a crossroad. With so much at stake in the coming year (Brexit negotiations), and a record high 66.4% of young voters (18-24) turning out to vote, it would suggest there is a need for a sympathetic voice to represent these voters.
Jeremy Corbyn identified this appetite for change and managed to significantly loosen Theresa May's grip over parliament by tapping into the younger voting audience, and crucially, persuading them to go out and vote based on policies that mattered to them. However, I for one was still left wondering if he really understood what the younger electorate wanted. It is clear to see I was not the only one as although we had a record turnout for 18-24 year olds, they were still the least politically active when it came to voting which suggests that there is still some way to go until we have a truly representative government.
The UK as a whole appears to be changing its approach to the way it operates in order to find solutions to everyday problems. An example of these changes is in the contracting market, and specifically in the healthcare sector. With the NHS under ever increasing pressure to reduce costs and make savings, many hiring managers have looked to bring in commercial candidates to provide this solution.
It seems that gone are the years where NHS experience would be the most important aspect on a CV when applying for roles within the NHS. Hiring managers are starting to value commercial sector experience more and we are now in a position where we find many senior interims securing their first position in the NHS. With a perception that the NHS is now being run more like a business, (or at least needs to be to reduce deficits), the opportunities for candidates with more commercial experience to break in to the industry are very apparent.
The hope is that alongside this new injection of commercial acumen, you will see a host of new money saving solutions, but is this going to be enough to save an NHS which faces so many cuts. There is definitely still more that needs to be done.
But I guess where the two parallels differ is, I'm sure there are plenty of young politicians trying to break into politics to enact change and represent the beliefs of their friends and peers, but are the commercial candidates wanting to break into an industry like the NHS that is under so much pressure to perform?
Scott Davies, Venn Group
Venn GroupCottons CentreHays LaneLondonSE1 2QP
Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement
Modern Slavery & Human Trafficking Policy
Gender Pay Gap Report
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North West
Central & East
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Master blend
Protector Secrets
Master blend is a synergy of 15 different essential oils blended together whose goal is protection. Master blends protect you from contracting contagious illnesses, especially in crowded areas. If you are in a bus where there are people coughing and sneezing, simply rub a small amount onto your pulse on your wrist, the palm of hand and back of the neck.
Holyland Oils Master Blend is a magic synergy of 15 essential oils blended together to be a powerful protection synergy. This formula melts away phlegm and respiratory infections of the bronchioles. It is an antiseptic repellant, use it for a low immune system supporting and killing pathogens which are foreign body substances which may be dormant in your bodies.
If you are actually sick, rub freely onto your chest, pulse, and palms. The strong scent of this blend opens up your lungs and allows you to breathe. The main active ingredients for this are the eucalyptus and pine. Another very active ingredient is lemongrass which helps clear your phlegm. We also add Cardamom, black pepper, and mint which aids in reducing pain and fever. Oregano, rosemary, and thyme shorten the length of your illness substantially.
This product is a must in every home!!!
Wintertime is the time we tend to get sick and are more likely to be exposed to cases of flu, colds, coughs, and viruses. What is great about our MasterBlend formula is that it helps you protect yourself against sickness. If you work in an environment where there are a lot of people, or use public transportation and are in contact with someone coughing and sneezing, place a few drops on your palm and inhale.
Essential oils are used to heal ailments, from headaches and stomach aches to more serious diseases such as cancer and other chronic illnesses. As it says in the Bible:
"And He said, If you hearken to the voice of the Lord, your God, and you do what is proper in His eyes, and you listen closely to His commandments and observe all His statutes, all the sicknesses that I have visited upon Egypt I will not visit upon you, for I, the Lord, heal you." Exodus 15:6
"A time to kill and a time to heal; a time to break and a time to build." Ecclesiastes 3:3
"And every living creature that will swarm wherever the two streams will go, will live, and the fish will be very abundant, for these waters have come there, and wherever the stream flows, they shall be healed and live." Ezekiel 47:9
"But by the stream, on its bank from either side, will grow every tree for food; its leaf will not wither, neither will its fruit end; month after month its fruits will ripen, for its waters will emanate from the Sanctuary, and its fruit shall be for food and its leaves for a cure." Ezekiel 47:12
"Who forgives all your iniquity, Who heals all your illnesses." Psalms 103:3
Protect Yourself
MasterBlend also has an amazing aroma, you will find yourself reaching out for it because of its unique blend of oils. Use this blend as protection and prevention of colds, flu, respiratory infections, and viruses. Essential oils have a long history of use in rituals and potions to guard against negative energies or influences. It builds up and balances your mood brings positive influences on your nervous system and inhibits emotional abnormalities.
Put onto your pulse or palm and gently rub in, or you can simply smell them straight from the bottle.
Next Steps…
Be sure to read more about my oils and check out my product catalog and services.


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OFFICERS is an IT consulting firm dedicated to SMBs, providing multipleservices :
- tools selection and IT strategy
- deployment and implementation services
- training and set-up assistance
- tool management and first-level assistance
We built a strong expertise in Zendesk, based on our Customer Service and Customer Experience consulting background. With 10 full, omnichannel, complex Zendesk projects in 18 months, we have a full overview of Zendesk abilities and features. We provide a full range of implementation, development and business services :
- definition of scope, business needs and requirements, planning, etc. (conception)
- implementation and configuration of all Zendesk products (Support, Guide, Talk, Chat, Explore...)
- migration of existing data
- development of connections to other apps via API (customer database, workflows, events)
- training of final users
- tool maintenance and assistance services
Some of our references :
- Welcome Office (B2B ecommerce)
- 360travaux (business platform)
- Magimix (ecommerce and consumer service)
- Robot Coupe (international retailers technical support)
- Invicta (after sales and technical support)
Services offered
Zendesk Sell Certified
Western Europe


text:
People who find themselves keen on books like to create their very own assortment at dwelling. However in case you have restricted house, then typically you drop an concept of shopping for a brand new e book. So don't worry or compromise in your behavior of shopping for and studying books. We already know how magical the right mirror can be, but keep in mind that when used well, it can also add style to any room. If you are looking for the perfect Wall Mirror for your next decorating design project, this ebook is a perfect match. On the following gallery, you will find 100 Must-See Wall Mirror ideas for your home décor that will definitely inspire you.
The fashionable bookcase accessible available in the market is very for these amid readers who all the time wrestle to maintain their favourite books organized. The first concept you can use is to give texture on the wall surface. You might see this technique a little bit bizarre but gluing/hanging straw or paper bags to your wall can be awesome low-budget wall decor! But you can find other ways that are not so raised from the wall surface.
Such kind of bookcases will match completely into the nook of the room and complement your entire theme simply. There are numerous kinds of bookcases accessible available in the market. However the picket ones are the most well-liked ones. These are extremely styled with modern shapes to draw each purchaser's consideration.