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What is mobile data?
Mobile data is a type of technology that allows you to access the internet on your smartphone when there is no Wi-Fi available to connect to. It is mostly used when people are out and about, like shopping or commuting, but some users may use their mobile data at home if their Wi-Fi is poor or if they have unlimited data.
3G and 4G (known as the 'third' and 'fourth' generation of data technology) are the most common speeds on smartphones at the moment, but 5G is making its appearance across several handsets.
Why should I check and monitor my mobile data usage?
Many of us have plans or bundles with tariffs that have limited data allowances each month. You may be capped at 1GB or 50GB, depending on your deal.
Whatever your data allowance, staying on top of monitoring your usage can benefit you in many ways:
- You'll gain a better understanding of how much you use, which will guide you in choosing the best bundle for you
- You'll know if you need to upgrade or downgrade your current bundle
- You'll avoid incurring additional charges for exceeding your allocated usage
- You'll save money by only paying for exactly what you need
How to monitor your mobile data usage
Most smartphones have an option in Settings to show you how much data you're using, and which apps and actions are responsible for draining it the most.
To find data usage on an iPhone
- Go to Settings
- Go to Mobile Data
- Scroll down to see how much data each application is using in MB or GB
To find data usage on Android
- Go to Settings
- Go to Network & Internet
- Go to Data usage
- Under Mobile, you'll see how much mobile data you're using up in total
- Go to Mobile data usage to see how much data each application on your Android is using
Alternatively, swipe down to show your Quick Settings. If enabled, you'll see your daily and monthly data usage here.
If you're an Asda mobile customer, you can find out how much data you've used from your bundle by logging into your online account.
What uses up data?
If you're not connected to Wi-Fi, many of the following activities will use up your mobile data to function. This can drain your allowance to the point of running out before your monthly refresh, particularly if you're watching films or on FaceTime, as these tasks ask a lot of your phone.
- Social media - Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, WhatsApp, Tumblr, and Twitter use up mobile data to post, refresh, send videos and pictures, and more
- Streaming music - Spotify and iTunes use data when downloading songs and streaming music
- Streaming videos - YouTube and Netflix take up a lot of data, depending on the video quality. The higher the quality, the more mobile data you will use
- Browsing the internet - whilst web browsing is the least data-intensive activity, you can still use up a considerable amount of your allocated data if you spend multiple hours checking emails, browsing websites, and reading online
How to reduce mobile data usage
There are a number of ways you can reduce your mobile data usage to stay within your allowance.
Connect to Wi-Fi whenever possible
Perhaps the most obvious solution: connect to Wi-Fi whenever possible.
You will probably have Wi-Fi at home, but what about if you're out and about? Some buses and trains offer free Wi-Fi access while commuting, and many cafes also allow customers to connect their devices.
However, you should be aware of the risks of connecting to open Wi-Fi routers in public, and know how to keep your smartphone safe online.
Only download and update on Wi-Fi
Similarly, if any of your applications need updating, wait to do this until you're connected to Wi-Fi. Installing apps and updating them can drain significant quantities of mobile data.
Additionally, only download things on Wi-Fi, and make sure you have your downloads ready ahead of trips. So if you're going on a long journey, download your Netflix episodes or films beforehand, so you can watch them offline without using up any data. Do the same thing with songs, audiobooks, or podcasts - download them on Spotify or whatever platform you use beforehand, and enjoy without the fear or wasting data.
Stop apps from using data
In Settings under Mobile Data, you can actually choose which applications are allowed to use mobile data and which are barred from it. This will stop applications from using mobile data up in the background.
Set a data limit
You can set a data limit on your Android to restrict your phone so it doesn't use up any more mobile data than you allow.
- Go to Settings
- Go to Data Usage
- Go to Billing Cycle
- Go to Data limit and billing cycle
- From here, you can set a maximum amount of data to use each month. Align this with your plan to ensure you never exceed what you're paying for
- You can also ask your Android to disconnect from mobile data once the limit has been reached
Unfortunately, this feature isn't available on iOS at the moment.
Use GPS for navigation
If you're using your smartphone to navigate, you could risk draining all of your mobile data in a single trip!
Turn on Location services in Privacy under Settings so that Google Maps (or a similar navigation app) can find your location, then enter your desired destination.
Once the route has been confirmed, press Start and then turn your mobile data off. Most navigation apps will continue giving out driving instructions as long as the route was confirmed before you switched off your data. Just keep in mind that if you happen to go the wrong way, your app won't be able to recalculate your route.
Turn off autoplay
If you're watching YouTube on your phone, disable autoplay so that it doesn't continue on to the next video, thus using up a lot of your mobile data (particularly if your phone is in your pocket and unknowingly doing this).
On YouTube, find the Settings icon (a grey cog) and slide the Autoplay next video switch to off.
Install an ad blocker
Here's a neat little trick - install an ad blocker to save you data. They will stop image and video ads from loading when you're browsing the internet, meaning there's no risk of an auto-playing video destroying your allowance.
Data monitoring apps
Download and install a data monitoring app on your smartphone to better understand your usage. These types of apps will often send you alerts so you stay on top of how much data you're using on various activities. Here's a couple you could try out:
For iPhones - Data Usage
- Monitor data usage in real time
- Predictive forecast shows you when you might go over your limit
- Set usage alerts to get you off in time
- Colours used to reflect your usage status
- Export history of data usage
- Use the Today Widget to show cellular data as a notification on your home screen
For Android - My Data Manager
- Monitor data on mobile, Wi-Fi, and roaming
- Set custom usage alarms
- Track mobile usage on certain applications
- Export history
- Track background refreshes that can use up data unknowingly
- See how many times a day an app is being used
To stay up to date on the latest tips and tricks, follow us on Twitter and check out our other helpful guides.


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The new Europe
Krogh, Peter F. (Peter Frederic)
Person Interviewed
Allen, Richard V.
House, Karen Elliott
Maynes, Charles W.
Examines the challenges facing Eastern Europe in the final days of the Cold War.
By 1991 the Cold War was in its final throes. Across Europe, socialist governments were in retreat, and in Germany the process of reunification was well underway. However, the sudden collapse of communism in Eastern Europe posed significant new challenges to both Europe and the United States. Economic upheaval in the Warsaw Pact states, ethnic and nationalist uprisings, and the possibility of a refugee crisis created an unstable political environment that proved no less problematic to the U.S. and its NATO allies than the old days of the Cold War. In this new Europe, will the United States be able to maintain its influence over former allies, and will the forces for integration win out over the forces for separation and conflict that for years plagued the region? In this episode, former National Security Advisor Richard Allen, Foreign Policy magazine editor William Maynes, and Karen Elliott House of the Wall Street Journal examine the obstacles that stand in the way of a safe, stable Europe and the future of American interests in the region.
Permanent Linkhttp://hdl.handle.net/10822/552630
Rights Note
For more information about copyright for materials within DigitalGeorgetown, please consult https://www.library.georgetown.edu/copyright/digitalgeorgetown.
Connecticut Public TelevisionWorld Beat AssociatesGeorgetown University. School of Foreign ServiceForeign Policy Association
28 min.
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The U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe : end of an era? Krogh, Peter F. (Peter Frederic) (1990)Transcripts of the video interviews from Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Great for everyone ages seven and up, the Shroom Shroom family-friendly card game suits two to four players. And, while it's loads of fun, it also teaches you how to manage money wisely. A great game for kids, Shroom Shroom comes with high-quality pieces like cards and coins. You trade with other players and make bargains with them—but be strategic! It's all about collecting and trading all kinds of silly mushrooms. In order to win this family-friendly card game, you'll want to buy from the shop, go adventuring, sell, and trade the mushrooms. Even collect groups of mushrooms for extra points. Invented by kids, this game is truly fun for the whole family. Achieve victory in this strategic card game and learn something on the way!
Shroom Shroom family-friendly card game teaches you how to manage money wisely
Shroom Shroom family-friendly card game teaches you how to manage money wisely
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Invented by kids, this is fun for the whole family!


text: Pencil is great for sketching and carpentry marking. 2mm lead is durable and corrections are easy to make with handy eraser. Satin finish on Walnut body contrasts well with 24K Gold Plating metal trim. Remove cap and expose trimmer which can sharpen 2mm lead point. Once removed you can unscrew cap to reveal eraser. All our Pens and Pencils furnished with attractive gray felt lined plastic gift box. Free Shipping.


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Enhanced 911 (E911) works differently for VoIP than for PSTN landlines. With a few simple steps, you can make sure that 911 operators and first responders receive accurate location information from calls made from your network, so you can protect your workers and stay compliant with the prevailing regulations. To cover your bases, use our handy checklist below.
How E911 traditionally works
All telephony communications in the United States must comply with Enhanced 911 (E911). In traditional telephony, there is a direct relationship between a telephone number and a physical address, because each landline terminates at a specific physical location, and cannot be moved without the cooperation of the telephone company. As a result, PSTN telephony providers can maintain accurate databases that link landline numbers to physical addresses, which are made available to emergency responders. When an emergency call is received, the location is automatically retrieved from these databases and displayed on the operator's console, allowing responders to immediately direct emergency services to the physical address of the caller.
Limitations of E911 for VoIP
VoIP is a technology that introduces flexibility as far as the physical location of a particular telephone number. For example, in multisite environments, ranges of numbers can be provided to a business that has numerous premises within a city or even across multiple states. Each number can be assigned to a device in any of those locations by leveraging an existing enterprise WAN infrastructure. Numbers can also be allocated to mobile devices and used anywhere an internet connection is available.
So, with VoIP there is no link between phone numbers and physical addresses like there is for traditional landline telephony. In response to this, the E911 framework has been updated to include what are known as the VoIP E911 regulations.
VoIP E911
VoIP E911 is an attempt to implement regulations that ensure 911 dispatchers can receive accurate location information about emergency callers using VoIP.
In their most basic application, the VoIP E911 regulations require that all subscribers inform their ITSP or SIP trunk provider of the physical location that corresponds with the numbers they are assigned. As a result, VoIP E911 information is accurate only if subscribers, who have a legal responsibility to do so, keep their emergency address information current.
In February 2018, Kari's Law Act of 2017 went into effect. An amendment of the Communications Act of 1934, Kari's Law requires owners and operators of multi-line telephone systems to program these systems to allow users to call 911 just by dialing 9-1-1, without having to navigate confusing dialing rules like dialing "9" to reach an outside line.
Kari's Law also requires that phone systems be configured to send a notification alert to a third party within the organization who can check on the person or room from where the 911 call originated. Congress has given a two-year window (so, until February 2020) for owners and operators of multi-line telephone systems to become compliant.
For subscribers that have a hard time keeping their records updated with their telephony provider, several important developments that help businesses fulfill their VoIP E911 obligations have come onto the scene. Some of these solutions even aid in locating the caller down to the specific office or particular floor of a building, which can prove to be lifesaving in large enterprises. Some of these include:
- On-site applications that automate and simplify VoIP E911 management for enterprise IP PBX systems
- An Automated Location Information (ALI) database included in IP PBXs and IP phones that automatically assigns locations to end devices within a building or campus
- Support for remote VoIP devices that allows off-site workers to update their locations in real time using GPS and other location-determining mechanisms
- Support for phone mobility, using presence information, to ensure that employees that move from IP phone to IP phone and who share lines between multiple devices can be located
- Support for additional DHCP options for supplying IP telephony end devices with network addresses and other parameters that include specific location information
All of the location-based information that can be gleaned from these and other technologies makes its way to the emergency dispatcher through these systems to achieve compliance with VoIP E911 services.
Unregulated VoIP services
The E911 obligations we have discussed here have been imposed only on what the FCC terms as "Interconnected VoIP Services," which are defined as VoIP services enabling users to place calls to and receive calls from the PSTN using the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). Even though unregulated VoIP services like Skype can connect you to the PSTN, they are not considered Interconnected VoIP Services because they function in a peer-to-peer arrangement and do not provide subscribers with a private NANP number.
Even if in some countries Skype and other unregulated services may allow limited emergency calling, it is still best practice to avoid using such services for emergency calling altogether.
VoIP E911 compliance checklist
As you can see, VoIP E911 compliance requires more subscriber involvement than traditional PSTN E911 does. Many of the solutions described here have been established to help enterprises and service providers work together to reduce liability concerns and adhere to VoIP E911 regulations.
When considering VoIP E911 for your enterprise, keep the following in mind:
✔ Confirm that the VoIP service you are being provided does indeed fall within the Interconnected VoIP Services category, which is obligated to adhere to VoIP E911 regulations.
✔ Request verification information from your ITSP or SIP trunk provider concerning their compliance with VoIP E911 regulations.
✔ Verify that you as a customer have supplied your ITSP or SIP trunk provider with appropriate location information for VoIP E911 compliance, and make certain that the provider is informed of any future device location and number changes.
✔ Determine if your internal network requires additional features, such as ALI or location-providing DHCP options, that will aid in making your enterprise fully VoIP E911 compliant.
✔ If you are using any unregulated VoIP services, be aware that they are not obligated to route emergency calls, although some do. Make sure you inform all relevant staff of the limitations of emergency calling on such services.
The FCC has published a short consumer guide that includes vital information and advice for companies concerning VoIP and 911 services.
Click here to download E911 programming instructions for equipment from different manufacturers.
VoIP has presented technological challenges to the proper and safe implementation of E911 services. However, solutions have been developed that can help enterprises fulfill their VoIP E911 obligations. It is important for both VoIP providers and businesses to clearly understand what their obligations are, and to fulfill them in the best and safest way possible.
Click here to download emergency dialing instructions for different manufacturers.
You may also like:
VoIP and the law: Your rights and obligations
E911: Emergency calls using a VoIP phone system
VoIP security solutions for remote users


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Per diem (a daily rate allowable for meals and incidentals) may only be used for international travel. The U.S. Department of State lists the maximum daily allowable foreign per diem rates for cities in countries throughout the world. You can view the rates here.
Per diems are not permitted for domestic travel, actual costs must be used.


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When it comes to fashion and beauty, we all know that singer and actress Zendaya is one to watch making bold looks appear effortless rocking cornrows on the red carpet and even starring as the muse in Bruno Mars' video for "Versace On the Floor". But even though Bruno suggests Zendaya is now discarding major fashion labels on the rug, her stylist Luxury Law recently revealed there was a time when major fashion houses wouldn't even acknowledge the star of The Greatest Showman.
The stylist spilled some piping hot tea about labels like Valentino and Chanel once giving the 21-year-old Disney alum the cold shoulder when he recently made an appearance on The Hollywood Reporter's first Stylists Roundtable. Luxury Law a.k.a. Law Roach, whose clients include Ariana Grande, Skai Jackson and model Eva Marcille, shared how he built his career and Zendaya's fashion presence using lesser known brands:
"Zendaya made it to the cover of Vogue. She has never worn Valentino, she has never worn Gucci, she has never worn Chanel. She only wore Dolce [& Gabbana] when she got a Dolce [& Gabbana] campaign. We built [her] career and my career using smaller brands and emerging designers to prove a point that it can happen!"
He also says the snubs from designers have turned into requests, which he nor the "Replay" singer are in any rush to fulfill:
"It's a big f*ck you because we all know the [public relations] want to bring someone to you because 'oh she can get her in Valentino' but what I wanted to prove was that she doesn't have to be in Valentino to become a fashion girl. So now that everybody wants to dress her, I go back and say 'Not this season!'"
ESSENCE shares that this behavior is common with many A-list fashion designers' interaction with up and coming stars, revealing that comedian Leslie Jones once shared that no fashion designer would dress her for the Ghostbusters premiere until Project Runway favorite Christian Siriano came to her rescue. And can you believe there was a time when the same designers gave ghosted Beyoncé in her early days with Destiny's Child? While receiving her Fashion Icon award in 2016 Queen Bey revealed her mother Tina was shut out by showrooms and styled the group herself.
Zendaya has come along way and is clearly on the wish list of many brands recently debuting a capsule collection with Boohoo.com which is being praised for its size-inclusivity with looks available in size 2-20, although some of the larger sizes have already sold out.
You can check out Luxury Law reveal some harsh truths about the fashion industry below:
The Best And Worst Fabrics For Your Health This Winter
She Tried It: Inahsi Naturals Aloe Hibiscus Leave-In Conditioner & Detangler
She Tried It: Ivy Park Drip 2 and 2.2 Black Pack
My Husband And I Attempted To Have A Creative Date Night At Home -Without A Babysitter - Here's How It Went
We're Outside! Level Up Outdoor Adventures With Global Nomad Kellee Edwards
Coca-Cola Mealtime Magic: Jerk Salmon Burger by Chef Scherise Merritt
Beauty Of 5: Meet Wakati, The Newest Line Catered Specifically To Women With 4C Hair
Spring Fever: 8 Cool Things To Do On Vacation


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I was speaking today with creative friends about out work today.
We've each rolled around to where the work is a drag. One friend is feeling dried up. Another is struggling with back pain; it's literally painful for her to sit. Me? I've been feeling worn down, dried up, and a bit overwhelmed.
How to deal with writers block and dry spells is an age old question. The three of us met in a Seth Godin workshop. He's in the writers write, plumbers plumb school on the subject—you won't hear about a plumber having plumber's block, why should a writer get to have writer's block.
That said, one friend pointed out plumbers take vacations. Plumbers take personal days from time to time.
I think many writers get superstitious about taking days off. I know I often believe that one day off leads to two (months).
The same friend suggested this: intentionally start and intentionally stop. As I'm writing this, those words seem to have all the punch of a joke you had to be there for. But the procrastination that keeps me from my work feels at best semi-intentional, and really seems to happen in a kind ritualized somnambulance. Intention feels like a real answer. I could simply start with intention—then stop.


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UL Global's Halloween Trilogy- Part Three
Halloween originated from the Celtic festival of Samhain, explaining why Ireland's nation has so many mysterious and creepy undertones to it. The island is known to be haunted and with thousands of ghost stories at our finger tips and Halloween around the corner, it is only fair we share a few! As UL is situated in Limerick we have decided to share the urban myths and legends of Limerick City and County. We will begin closer to home than you may like with the Haunting of Plassey House…
The Haunting of Plassey House-
The 'White House' as it is better known as in UL has been a symbol of higher education in the University for decades, but this beautiful building has quite the crimson past. The house is said to be haunted by the 'White Lady,' a ghostly figure which has been seen by fisherman and barge workers alike roaming the banks of the River Shannon. The house features many works of art chosen by someone with a deep knowledge of the house's secret history. These include the marble bust of Lady Mont-eagle and the 18th century painting 'woman in white' which are both said to be uncanny replicas of the vision seen by those men on the banks.
Saint Katherine's Augustinian Abbey-
This nunnery was founded in 1298 and was one of the first in Ireland, although only the ruins are left now, the remains of the Refectory and Abbey Church are still very clear. It is commonly believed that the last Abbess prior to the Abbey's demise in 1541 practiced witchcraft in a room south of the Church. This room became known as The Black Hag's Cell. The ruins of the Abbey are said to be haunted by the Countess of Desmond. In this tale we see the Earl and Countess of Desmond fleeing an assault where unfortunately the Countess gets wounded by an arrow. The Earl believed his wife to be dead and quickly buries her at St Katherine's, beneath the altar. It is said the Countess regained consciousness and found herself tragically buried alive. A shadowy figure has oftentimes been seen among the ruins and the Countess's screams are heard throughout the night as she cries for her husband to realise his mistake and come back for her.
Castle Troy-
Built in the 13th century by the O'Brien clan, the castle was passed on to the MacKeogh clan soon after. The tragedy of this story involves the daughter of the leader of the MacKeogh clan being taken by the head of another clan after she declined his marriage proposal. The aftermath of this situation are best summarised in the words of Limerick poet Michael Hogan, 'MacKeogh has defeated the brigands, with slaughter, but a spear has been thrust thro' the breast of his daughter.' The screams of the young woman can often be heard by local fisherman echoing down the River Shannon at night.
Spiorad na mBarna-
Barna, a rural area outside the town of Newcastle West in Co. Limerick is famous for the tale of Spiorad na mBarna (Irish for the Spirit of Barna.) The name was given to a local woman Moll O'Shaughnessy, who lived here in the late 1800's. Barna was and still is a very small and close-knit village in Ireland, making the revelation of the very well-liked Moll having murdered her husband and young child even more horrific. Almost as gruesome as the murders themselves, the people of Barna decided it was only just for Moll to suffer the way her family did. They sentenced her to death by being rolled from the top of a hill in a barrel lined with sharp and rusted nails.
It is a common notion in Ireland that a traumatic and violent death is what leads to restless spirits, and Moll O'Shaughnessy was no exception, as many people claimed to see her soul appear in different forms around the area of Barna. Oftentimes appearing as a wild greyhound and a weeping woman, she truly terrorised the area of Barna. This continued for several years before she finally succeeded in another murder. One dark night, an unknown man was riding horseback through Barna and he passed under the Old Barna Bridge. Although the horse emerged on the other side, the man was left for dead after being jumped by the bloodthirsty Spiorad na mBarna.
In the stone of the Old Barna Bridge, which is still there to this day, an image of a face of a screaming woman can be seen. Many people have claimed that the image of the woman moves around, sometimes the face can be seen closer to the ground, sometimes in the top right-hand stone, and sometimes on the other side of the bridge altogether. It is a common sight when passing the bridge that you would see people stepping out of stopped cars, counting the stones and pointing out the face!
Ballinagarde House-
A terrifiying figure on horseback which was said to be one of the dark apostles or even the devil himself is oftentimes seen on the grounds of Ballinagarde House to this day. On a dark, gloomy night a mysterious rider appeared on horseback and pulled up beside Edward Gill Croker's carriage. The two men struck up a conversation which ended in Croker inviting this mysterious man to Ballinagarde for dinner. After a wild night the drunken stranger collapsed, and in the morning one of the servants removed his boots. Hairy, cloven feet were revealed and hoof marks were seared in to the floor by red hot feet. A common phrase you would hear in Munster, specifically Limerick is, "as sure as the devil was in Ballinagarde", which is used to say something is factual.
Why not go and visit these places when restrictions are lifted and see for yourself if they are true?! Or are you too scared?… I know I am!
By Saoirse Hammond


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Chapter 9: Administration
9.2 Policies
9.2.3 Health Policies
184.108.40.206: Written Policy on Use of Medications
The facility should have a written policy for the administration of any prescription or non-prescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medication. The policy should address at least the following:
The use of written parental/guardian consent forms for each prescription and OTC medication to be administered at the child care facility. The consent form should include:
- The child's name;
- The name of the medication;
- The date(s) and times the medication is to be given;
- The dose or amount of medication to be given;
- How the medication is to be administered;
- The period of time the consent form is valid, which may not exceed the length of time the medication is prescribed for, the expiration date of the medication or one year, whichever is less.
- The use of the prescribing health professional's authorization forms for each prescription and OTC medication to be administered at the child care facility.
The circumstances under which the facility will agree to administer medication. This may include the administration of:
- Topical medications such as non-medicated diaper creams, insect repellants, and sun screens;
- OTC medicines for fever including acetaminophen and ibuprofen;
- Long-term medications that are administered daily for children with chronic health conditions that are managed with medications;
- Controlled substances, such as psychotropic medications;
- Emergency medications for children with health conditions that may become life-threatening such as asthma, diabetes, and severe allergies;
- One-time medications to prevent conditions such as febrile seizures.
The circumstances under which the facility will not administer medication. This should include:
- No authorization from parent/guardian and/or prescribing health professional;
- Prohibition of administering OTC cough and cold medication;
- Not administering a new medication for the first time to a child while he or she is in child care;
- If the instructions are unclear or the supplies needed to measure doses or administer the medication are not available or not in good working condition;
- The medication has expired;
- If a staff person or his/her backup who has been trained to give that particular medication is not present (in the case of training for medications that require specific skills to administer properly, such as inhalers, injections, or feeding tubes/ports).
The process of accepting medication from parents/guardians. This should include:
- Verifying the consent form;
- Verifying the medication matches what is on the consent form;
- Accepting authorization for prescription medications from the child's prescribing health professional only if the medications are in their original container and have the child's name, the name of the medication, the dose and directions for giving the medication, the expiration date of the medication, and a list of warnings and possible side effects;
- Accepting authorization for OTC medications from the child's prescribing health professional only if the authorization indicates the purpose of the medication and time intervals of administration, and if the medications are in their original container and include the child's name, the name of the medication, dose and directions for use, an expiration date for the medication, and a list of warnings and possible side effects;
- Verifying that a valid Care Plan accompanies all long-term medications (i.e., medications that are to be given routinely or available routinely for chronic conditions such as asthma, allergies, and seizures);
- Verifying any special storage requirements and any precautions to take while the child is on the prescription or OTC medication.
The proper handling and storage of medications, including:
- Emergency medications – totally inaccessible to children but readily available to supervising caregivers/teachers trained to give them;
- Medications that require refrigeration;
- Controlled substances;
- Expired medications;
- A policy to insure confidentiality;
- Storing and preparing distribution in a quiet area completely out of access to children;
- Keeping all medication at all times totally inaccessible to children (e.g., locked storage);
- Whether to require even short-term medications be kept at the facility overnight.
The procedures to follow when administering medications. These should include:
- Assigning administration only to an adequately trained, designated staff;
- Checking the written consent form;
- Adhering to the "six rights" of safe medication administration (child, medication, time/date, dose, route, and documentation) (1);
- Documenting and reporting any medication errors;
- Documenting and reporting and adverse effects of the medication;
- Documenting and reporting whether the child vomited or spit up the medication.
The procedures to follow when returning medication to the family, including:
- An accurate account of controlled substances being administered and the amount being returned to the family;
- When disposing of unused medication, the remainder of a medication, including controlled substances.
- The disposal of medications that cannot be returned to the parent/guardian.
A medication administration record should be maintained on an ongoing basis by designated staff and should include the following:
- Specific, signed parental/guardian consent for the caregiver/teacher to administer medication including documentation of receiving controlled substances and verification of the amount received;
- Specific, signed authorization from the child's prescribing health professional, prescribing the medication, including medical need, medication, dosage, and length of time to give medication.
- Information about the medication including warnings and possible side effects;
- Written documentation of administration of medication and any side effects;
- Medication errors log.
The facility should consult with the State Board of Nursing, other interested organizations and their child care health consultant about required training and documentation for medication administration. Based on the information, the facility should develop and implement a plan regarding medication administration training (9).
RATIONALEAdministering medication requires skill, knowledge and careful attention to detail. Parents/guardians and prescribing health professionals must give a caregiver/teacher written authorization to administer medication to the child (12). Caregivers/teachers must be diligent in their adherence to the medication administration policy and procedures to prevent any inadvertent medication errors, which may be harmful to the child (11). There is always a risk that a child may have a negative reaction to a medication, and children should be monitored for serious side effects that may require an emergency response. Because children twenty-four months of age and younger are in a period of rapid development and are more vulnerable to the possible side effects of medications, extra care should be given to the circumstances under which medications will be administered to this population. A child may have a negative reaction to a medication that was given at home or to one administered while attending child care. For these reasons caregivers/teachers need to be aware of each of the medications a child received at child care as well as at home. They should know the names of the medication(s), when each was given, who prescribed them, and what the known reactions or side effects may be in the event that a child has a negative reaction to the medicine (2,10).
OTC medicines are often assumed to be safe and not afforded the proper diligence. Even common drugs such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen can result in significant toxicity for infants and small children. Inaccurate dosing from the use of inaccurate measuring tools can result in illness or even death (2,3).
Cough and cold medications (CCM) are readily available OTC in the United States and are widely used to treat upper respiratory infection. These products are not safe for infants and young children and were withdrawn by the Consumer Healthcare Products Association for children less than two years of age in 2007 (4-6,8). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a public health advisory in 2008 stating these medications should not be used in children less than two years of age. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) states that CCMs are not effective for children less than six years of age and their use can result in serious, adverse effects (7).
The medication record protects the person administering medication by documenting the process. The medication errors log can be reviewed and will point out what kind of intervention, if any, will be helpful in reducing the number of medication errors. Accounting for medications administered and thrown away is important for several reasons. It may assist a health professional in determining whether the child is actually getting the medicine, especially when the child is not getting better from treatment. Some medications are "controlled substances," meaning that the medication is regulated by the federal government due to potential for abuse. Controlled substances include narcotic pain medicine, some behavior medications for ADHD, and some seizure medications. A prescribing health professional may need proper accounting for these types of medications to assure that requests for refills are because the medication was given to the patient and not used/abused by adults. Some medications, (i.e., antibiotics), can have a harmful affect on the environment if not disposed of properly.
For children with chronic health conditions or special health care needs, administering medications while the child is attending child care may be part of the child's individualized family service plan (IFSP) or individualized education plan (IEP). Child care facilities must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
COMMENTSWhen a child care facility cannot return unused medication to the parent/guardian, the facility needs to dispose of the medication. An example of when medication cannot be returned is when a parent/guardian has removed the child from care and the facility cannot reach the parent/guardian to return the medication. Herbal and folk medicines and home remedies are not regulated and should not be given at child cares without a prescribing health professional's order and complete pharmaceutical labeling. If they are given at home, the caregiver/teacher should be aware of their use and possible side effects.
A curriculum for child care providers on safe administration of medications in child care is available from the AAP at http://www.healthychildcare.org/HealthyFutures.html. A sample medication administration policy is located in Appendix AA: Medication Administration Packet.
TYPE OF FACILITYCenter, Early Head Start, Head Start, Large Family Child Care Home, Small Family Child Care Home
RELATED STANDARDS22.214.171.124 Medication Administration
18.104.22.168 Labeling, Storage, and Disposal of Medications
18.104.22.168 Training of Caregivers/Teachers to Administer Medication
22.214.171.124 Contents of Medication Record
Appendix AA: Medication Administration Packet
North Carolina Child Care Health & Safety Resource Center. 2007. Steps to administering medication. http://www.healthychild
- American Academy of Pediatrics. 2009. Healthy futures: Medication administration in early education and child care settings. http://www.healthychildcare.org/HealthyFutures.html.
- American Academy of Pediatrics, Council on School Health. 2009. Policy statement: Guidance for the administration of medication in school. Pediatrics 124:1244-51.
- American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Drugs. 2009. Policy statement: Acetaminophen toxicity in children. Pediatrics 123:1421-22.
- Vernacchio, L., J. Kelly, D. Kaufman, A. Mitchell. 2008. Cough and cold medication use by U.S. children, 1999-2006: Results from the Sloan Survey. Pediatrics 122:e323-29.
- Schaefer, M. K., N. Shehab, A. Cohen, D. S. Budnitz. 2008. Adverse events from cough and cold medicines in children. Pediatrics 121:783-87.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007. Infant deaths associated with cough and cold medications: Two states. MMWR 56:1-4.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2007. Nonperscription cough and cold medicine use in children. http://www.fda.gov/Safety/
- Consumer Healthcare Products Association. Makers of OTC cough and cold medicines announce voluntary withdrawal of oral infant medicines. http://www.chpa-info.org/pressroom/10_11_07_OralInfantMedicines.aspx.
- Heschel, R. T., A. A. Crowley, S. S. Cohen. 2005. State policies regarding nursing delegation and medication administration in child care setttings: A case study. Policy, Politics, and Nurs Prac 6:86-98.
- Friedman, J. F., G. M. Lee, K. P. Kleinman, J. A. Finkelstein. 2004. Child care center policies and practices for management of ill children. Ambulatory Pediatrics 4:455-60.
- Sinkovits, H. S., M. W. Kelly, M. E. Ernst. 2003. Medication administration in day care centers for children. J Am Pharm Assoc 43:379-82.


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Amadan na Briona
Currently reading
Inherent Vice
Thomas Pynchon, Ron McLarty
The Best Horror of the Year Volume Five
Ellen Datlow, Laird Barron, Conrad Williams, Ramsey Campbell
Locus Solus (Alma Classics)
Raymond Roussel
Blackout (Newsflesh Trilogy, #3)
Mira Grant, Paula Christensen, Michael Goldstrom
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8:00 pm 31 December 1981
I'm not sure why this book has stuck with me so long -- I read it over 20 years ago. But it was one of the most memorable early-Heinlein-era sci-fi stories I ever read. The story is somewhat reminiscent of Heinlein, though the writing is not. The social issues raised in this novel are still compelling, though rather dated now, but I imagine it was even more relevant when it was first published.
I really liked the main character, who was quite believable as a rather privileged teenage girl suddenly forced to grow up. One thing to note: the covers all depict her as a white girl, but in the book, she's described as having dark skin. Not surprising for when it was published (1968), but you'd think at some point someone would have gotten a clue and released a more contemporary cover.
Reread: August 2012
If I was reading this for the first time, I'd probably only give it 4 stars, as it's quite good but probably wouldn't have made my list of "favorites." However, the story has stuck with me all these years, enough that it did become one of those rare books I reread, so it keeps its 5 stars.
Notable to me on this reread is that it's aged pretty well. As with most classic SF, the 21st century reader is likely to notice that this 22nd century starship has less advanced information and communications technology than we have today, but hardly any sci-fi authors wrote futuristic technology 40 years ago that looks plausible today. Other than that, though, it's a work of thoughtful science fiction that's more about the people and the consequences of a society split into people living on Ships and "Colons" (or "Mudeaters" as the Ship people call them) spread across the stars. Most of all, it's a
about Mia Havero, who is a spunky, intelligent, and basically decent but very prejudiced and sometimes pig-headed adolescent. She grows throughout the book, and the planetary adventure at the end is indeed a suitable rite of passage for her. The ending still disturbs me in the same way it did years ago, which I think was Panshin's intent.
This is a great classic which really should be better known. If you have ever enjoyed Heinlein's juveniles, or you like what usually gets marketed as "Young Adult" today if it's not some stupid girl-in-a-prom-dress paranormal romance but an actual YA protagonist who thinks meaningful thoughts and makes meaningful choices, I highly recommend it. I am resisting the temptation to shelve this as Young Adult because it wasn't written as a YA novel, but really, it's got a voice and a writing style that should appeal equally to YA and adult readers.
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Graduate Certificate Programs
GTF certificates are graduate-level, non-degree programs designed for ministry/social service professionals seeking to increase their knowledge and competency in a specific area of study. Each certificate requires the completion of an online curriculum tailored to the student's specific interests and needs. Whether for personal enrichment or professional enhancement, GTF certificate programs provide a flexible and affordable opportunity for in-depth, specialized graduate study.
Each certificate requires completion of five online GTF Online Courses (formerly E-Tutorial) courses (15 credits) of the student's choice in the corresponding area of study.
- Graduate Certificate in Theology
- Graduate Certificate in Pastoral Psychology
- Graduate Certificate in Canon Law
- Graduate Certificate in Mediation
- Graduate Certificate in Leadership
- Graduate Certificate in Spirituality
- Graduate Certificate in Pastoral Logotherapy (click link to view this specialized certificate offered through the Graduate Center for Pastoral Logotherapy)
- Postdoctoral Graduate Certificate in Clinical Psychotherapy (click link to view requirements of this specialized certificate)
A GTF certificate costs $6,000. This is paid in five installments of $1,200, with payment due before registering for each course.
Students who apply for a completed certificate toward a relevant GTF degree will receive a $6,000 tuition reduction.


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Silver Beaded Stacking Ring
Available size: 6.75
Simple yet elegant. An everyday staple piece. Wear it alone or stacked with your other rings
92.5 Sterling Silver
2mm thick band
Oxidized then polished to a shine
See how to measure your ring size here.
READY TO WEAR. Allow 3-5 days for processing before shipping. A shipping notification with tracking will be sent to your email once order has shipped.
Note: Each Blue Flame piece is handcrafted, so no two items are exactly alike. Each is unique and one-of-a-kind. Actual color of item may vary from screen to screen.


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Fighting crime. Without the capes.
Business Watch Tampa is a free program offered by the City of Tampa Police Department that encourages neighboring businesses to become each others' eyes and ears. It first launched in Ybor City with dramatic results: crime was reduced by 60% during the day and 50% at night.
Your new business partners.
You'll get to know a specially assigned group of Tampa Police Officers dedicated to your community. You'll have access to a dedicated phone line in case you have any questions or concerns. Safety and Awareness seminars as well as Active Shooter Presentations are available upon request.
Your badge of safety.
You'll receive a Business Watch window decal with membership that enables our officers to contact your designee[s] after-hours if the need arises.
Strength in numbers.
As a member, you'll not only enjoy the positive effects of doing business in a safer community, you'll also be part of your community's collective voice to address any concerns. The more businesses that join, the more you can achieve. So tell your neighbors! Share on Facebook.
Who can join?
Any business, residential community, religious organization, civic association, or educational facility within Tampa's city limit are eligible to join Business Watch Tampa. Currently there are Business Watch Tampa groups in Ybor City, Downtown Tampa, South Tampa Soho and Westshore.


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Bible Readings
- Jeremiah 36:1-26
- 1 Peter 1:22-2:3
Dear friends,
During the so-called political struggle for a one-man-one-vote political system in South Africa, one of the major spokes-persons returned from an internal trip, drumming up support for the process. He was a church leader. His theology had all the hallmarks of Liberation Theology which treated political structures as sinful, and not human nature. A supporter in the airport terminal shouted, "We are praying for you!" He reply was, "I don't need prayer right now, I need weapons." This is a blatant example of the blurring of lines between State and Church.
We don't live in a theocracy like old Israel, and we should not expect our politicians to intrude in the sphere of the church to combat spiritual dilemmas. We take pride in the principle of keep State and Church apart, and so it should be. Whenever the authorities of State and church become intertwined, the Church either loses its voice, or the State oversteps its God-appointed jurisdiction. This is precisely what happened in the time just before the Kingdom of Judah fell into the hands of the Babylonians.
Blurring the lines when clarity was mostly needed
The temple prophets in the time of Jeremiah became so subservient to the political powers that they were nothing but the official mouthpieces of the king. They interchanged the Word of God for a message which served the political aspirations of the powers of the day. The result was that everyone tried to solve the spiritual problems, which were clearly behind the mess the nation found themselves in, by means of political programs and manoeuvres.
We have to go back in time to get the picture.
During the time of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, the Middle-East was in the grip of the Assyrian Empire. Their capital was Ashur, with Nineveh the next city of importance. The godlessness of God's people then provoked the anger of God who used the Assyrians against them. A large part of the Old Testament prophets aimed their prophecies against the spiritual decay of the people then. That kingdom fell into the hands of the Assyrians in 722 B.C. They took God's people into exile and slavery.
In 705 B.C. the Assyrians moved further south with the aim of taking Jerusalem. King Hezekiah allied with Egypt against Assyria. He sought the face of God in repentance and God showed mercy to his people. The Assyrians retreated and Jerusalem was spared.
This happened, not because of military power, but because of God's grace. He temple prophets took this to interpret that Jerusalem and the temple will never fall. God is on their side, irrespective of circumstances.
The Assyrian Empire crumbled in 612 B.C. The upcoming Empire was that of the Babylonians.
This is what happened in the north. But in the south, while all the uproar between Babylon and Assyria was going on, Egypt tried to get into the act and marched northwards. Josiah, the king in Judah thought it was a bad idea and marched out against the Egyptian king. Josiah died in the battle of Megiddo. The Egyptian king made Josiah's son, Jehoiakim, king, but Judah lost its sovereignty to Egypt.
Jehoiakim, the king of the chapter we read from Jeremiah today, put everything in place to restore the sovereignty of Israel. His big mistake was to overlook the godlessness of the people in favour of regaining political restoration. The popular message of the patriotic of the temple prophets was to serve the aspirations of their young king. The restoration of the people would come, not through spiritual reform, but through political and military means.
However, God's prophet, Jeremiah, appeared on the scene and made it clear that God will use Babylon to purge the Promised Land from their rebellion. God sent Jeremiah with this message:
This is what the Lord Almighty says: "Do not listen to what the prophets are prophesying to you; they fill you with false hopes. They speak visions from their own minds, not from the mouth of the Lord. They keep saying to those who despise me, 'The Lord says: You will have peace.' And to all who follow the stubbornness of their hearts they say, 'No harm will come to you.' (Jeremiah 23:16–17, NIV)
They accused Jeremiah of demoralising the people. Instead of resisting the marching powers of Babylon the with patriot pride, they were encouraged to start packing their bags and living under the region of Nebuchadnezzar in Babylon.
True the calling of God, Jeremiah, at that stage under arrest, wrote all the messages God had given him on a scroll. To help him, he employed the assistance of a friend called Baruch.
Then, something interesting happened. The leaders called a day of fasting. That was a good sign, wasn't it? The people from every corner of the land attended this solemn occasion. The city overflowed with people who most probably wanted a solution for the national dilemma they found themselves in.
Jeremiah asked Baruch to use the opportunity. He took the scroll with God's messages to Jeremiah to the temple. Why?
Perhaps when the people of Judah hear about every disaster I plan to inflict on them, they will each turn from their wicked ways; then I will forgive their wickedness and their sin." (Jeremiah 36:3, NIV)
The gracious long-suffering of God was still offering grace and restoration to his people.
Baruch took the scroll and stood in the house of the Lord. From the room of Gemariah, possibly one the the better leaders, Baruch announced God's Word. Gemariah's son, Micaiah, heard it and was quick to report it to the other officials. They commandeered a certain Yehudi, to go and get Baruch to read it to the king's officials. Fear overcame them—why we are not certain. Were they struck by the words of God and filled with remorse to seek forgiveness? Were they filled with fear that the people will give up the will to defend their land and so restore their independence?
They decided to have the king listen to the words of Jeremiah. It was winter, and in one of the apartments of the palace, the king was sitting near a fireplace to warm himself. Baruch read God's word to him. Perhaps! After all, it is a special time of fasting.
The Bible records:
The king and all his attendants who heard all these words showed no fear, nor did they tear their clothes. (Jeremiah 36:24, NIV)
On the contrary,
Whenever Yehudi had read three or four columns of the scroll, the king cut them off with a scribe's knife and threw them into the firepot, until the entire scroll was burned in the fire. (Jeremiah 36:23)
He issued a command to have Baruch and Jeremiah arrested. God removed them from harms way, or king Jehoiakim would have defat with them as he did with Uriah, who he killed.
The king rejected the very and only solution to the redemption of his people. The false prophets supported him. God had the last say over his life:
He will have no one to sit on the throne of David; his body will be thrown out and exposed to the heat by day and the frost by night. I will punish him and his children and his attendants for their wickedness; I will bring on them and those living in Jerusalem and the people of Judah every disaster I pronounced against them, because they have not listened.' " (Jeremiah 36:30–31, NIV)
Jeremiah and Baruch recomposed the scroll — God has the last say, and his Word will stand in spite of worldly opposition.
Spiritual anorexia
What was the cause of Jehoiakim's death? Spiritual anorexia. His soul was not nurtured by the bread of life. The lamp for his feet was out. Like the anorexia we know, he was starving. He looked into the mirror and could not see the desperate state he was in. He had the feeling of being full, while he was fading away. He concentrated on distorted perceptions, while he suffered from miscommunication between his brain, heart and soul. He lost the inability to distinguish emotions from the sensations from his soul. He became obsessive compulsive, irrational and totally absorbed within his own world. He shut his heart to the life impulses coming from the voice of God.
See, men shall not live by bread alone, but from every word that comes from the mouth of God (Deuteronomy 8:3). Jehoiakim tried to survive on bread alone.
Years later, Jesus told his the disciples,
The Spirit gives life; the flesh counts for nothing. The words I have spoken to you—they are full of the Spirit and life. (John 6:63, NIV)
They discovered this truth: "To whom shall we go,? You have the words of life." (John 6:68)
The apostle Peter understood this very well. So he wrote:
For you have been born again, not of perishable seed, but of imperishable, through the living and enduring word of God. (1 Peter 1:23, NIV)
He continues:
…the word of the Lord endures forever. And this is the Word that was preached to you. (1 Peter 1:25, NIV)
To complete the logical spiritual progress then,
Like newborn babies, crave pure spiritual milk, so that by it you may grow up in your salvation, now that you have tasted that the Lord is good. (1 Peter 2:2–3, NIV)
Every Christian life will be stunted if we do not live by the Word (Corinthians 3:2). We cannot remain spiritual babies; we need to grow to maturity. The Word warns:
Anyone who lives on milk, being still an infant, is not acquainted with the teaching about righteousness. (Hebrews 5:13, NIV)
Paul exhorts the elders of Ephesus:
"Now I commit you to God and to the word of his grace, which can build you up and give you an inheritance among all those who are sanctified. (Acts 20:32, NIV)
David writes:
Blessed is the one who does not walk in step with the wicked or stand in the way that sinners take or sit in the company of mockers, but whose delight is in the law of the Lord, and who meditates on his law day and night. (Psalm 1:1–2, NIV)
Spiritual death
If anorexia is not treated, those who suffer from it can die of malnutrition. The same applies to our spiritual lives. It was true in the life of king Jehoiakim, and it is true today.
Western society ridicules God's Word as an obsolete man-made book. Just a bit of useful information here: Under the leadership of a certain J.L. Starkey in 1931, excavations at the Biblical city of Lachish led to very interesting discoveries. Jeremiah 34:7 tells us that this city was one of the last fortified cities left in Judah before the fall of Judah in 586. The excavations at Lachish had inscriptions referring to the fall of the other city, Azekah. On another, the name of Coniah, son of Elnathan, is mentioned. These names are found in Jeremiah and are connected with the life of Jeremiah. Another letter referred to the prophet.
An absolute man-made book? No, it is the timeless, true and inspired Word of God. And this Word proclaims life and forgiveness through the Word of God in flesh, Jesus Christ. Whoever comes to Him has life; He is light, but without Him, there is darkness.
My dear friend, I with all my heart I pray that you are not suffering from spiritual anorexia. Have good look at yourself, but not through your own mirror. Have the light of God shine on your life to expose the shortcomings and spiritual sickness which might harbour in your soul as a result of spiritual anorexia.
May our God be gracious to us all.
Sermon preached by Rev D. Rudi Schwartz on Sunday 3 November 2019


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I still can't resolve the problem with GEDCOM export, even with the latest version 2.9.4 I suspect I still have at least one 'rogue' source link with a blank number, but having fixed all the individuals (see my workaround under http://www.ifamilyformac.com/forums/vie ... =15&t=1171), it's now freezing while exporting families. I can't figure out a logical order for them - certainly not a simple numeric sequence like the individuals - so can't figure out how to find the next family to be exported.
Any suggestions?
I'm starting to get VERY nervous about losing months of work as I haven't been able to export since this problem started so haven't been able to produce an independent backup for months now.
Are you any nearer solving the original problem and producing a new version?
Exporting to GEDCOM freezes - version 2.9.4
Issues and Discussions surrounding Gedcom and iFamily
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https://erinsweeneydesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/post.jpg 432 1275 Erin Sweeney https://erinsweeneydesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ESD-logo-for-website.jpg Erin Sweeney2015-04-02 07:04:482015-04-02 08:18:51Color Preferences by Gender
Color Preferences by Gender
Great infographic from KISSmetrics explaining the important role color plays when designing for different genders. Business owners need to take into consideration who their target audience is when developing the colors they will use for their brand. Men and women appreciate colors differently. Understanding those differences, and designing for the target audience in mind, will lead to success in marketing your business.


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It's all done! The project is complete. I know I said that last time, but this time I'm talking about … More
Tag: dreams
Plutonium in the Morning Room
Well! This is it! You're looking at the completed project I've been working on for the last month. A brand-spanking … More
The Slumbering Beast
I'm building a computer! Computers have been a hobby of mine for as long as I can remember. Actually, I … More
The free soul is rare, but you know it when you see it – basically because you feel good, very … More
Change is Nature's Handmaiden
I've been reading Mark Twain's "Roughing It", and it's good for the soul. Let me share a particularly poignant passage. … More
The Sovereign Trailer Lands
The book trailer for my sci-fi novel The Sovereign finally debuts!
Musings from the Wilderness – Day One
My first day in the Alaskan wilderness
No Ke Ano Ahiahi
"Imagination grows by exercise, and contrary to common belief, is more powerful in the mature than in the young." W. … More
Pleading for Wallace
The titles always come from some spur of the moment inspiration. This is from a number of things, but I'm … More


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Current Students and Postdocs
Graduate Students
Christian Aguirre (2022-)
Qianyi Lu (2021-) - mantle geodynamics!
Uthkarsh Das (2022-) - Geyser dynamics
Former Group Members
Diogo Lourenco (now at UC Berkeley EPS/CIPS) Google Scholar
Graduate Students
Molly Ellowitz (PSU Geology MS program, co-advised with Martin Streck, now at Eastern Sierra Interpretive Association) - Enclaves at Mt. Hood
Jiaming Yang (PSU Geology MS program, now a PhD student at UNR) - flow in the mantle wedge
Former Undergraduate Students
Nicolas DeSalvio (UC Davis Geology Honors, 2021) - earthquake precursors and real-time forecasting
Christianson Mills (UC Davis Geology Thesis, 2021) - analysis of ensemble solutions for nonlinear inverse problems
Kirill Ivanov (UC Davis Geology Honors, 2021) - comparing mantle tomographic models and geochemical measurements
Veronica Guerra (UC Davis Geology Honors, 2020) - Modulation of mantle plumes by plate motions
Dougal Hansen (PSU University Honors College, now a PhD student at UW Madison) - Europa tectonics
Luke Brown (PSU Geology Honors, went on to Quantum Spatial, now doing a PhD with Mark Jellinek) - Motion of mantle plumes
Friends of the lab:


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Date(s) - September 20, 2019 - September 21, 2019
7:30 pm - 1:00 pm
Regent College (Room 100)
Categories No Categories
We are delighted to announce our reschedueled event with Dr. Matthew Bates. Professor Bates will return to Regent (his alma mater!) on Sept. 20th and 21st for three lectures on the themes of the gospel, salvation, and discipleship. The lectures will be held here at Regent in Room 100 and will be followed by a question and answer period. This is a bookstore-sponsored event and will be offered free-of-charge.
Matthew Bates is the Assistant Professor of Theology at Qunicy University in Illinois. He is the author of three (soon to be four!) excellent books, The Hermeneutics of Apostolic Proclamation (Baylor University Press, 2012), The Birth of the Trinity (Oxford University Press, 2015), and mostly recently, Salvation by Allegiance Alone (Baker Academic, 2017). On Bates' work in "Salvation by Allegiance Alone," Michael Gorman wrote "his argument for saving faith as embodied, enacted allegiance is rooted in solid scholarship and presented with both zeal for the kingdom and concern for the church. This is a much-need corrective to many misunderstandings." Scot McKnight also labelled "Allegiance Alone" an "outstanding book." Matthew is also the co-host of the excellent Biblical Studies podcast, OnScript. He is an accessible author and speaker, who writes and speaks in service of both the church and the academy.
In our churches today, the gospel has been reduced to trusting in Jesus's work on the cross. We might also give a brief nod to Jesus's resurrection. Yet this is not how the Bible frames the gospel. It is time for a gospel renovation.
Saturday, Sept. 21, 9:30 AM: "Saved by Allegiance Alone"
Faith is a slippery word. Discover why saving faith is best understood as allegiance.
Saturday, Sept. 21, 10:45 AM: "Practicing Gospel Allegiance Today"
The gospel-allegiance model raises intriguing theological questions for the church. Yet right now the church must take practical steps to cultivate greater allegiance to Jesus the king.


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The relationship between religion and politics is always a messy one – sometimes too messy. As the recent primary elections in South Carolina and Nevada have demonstrated, politicians can easily use religion as a weapon against political rivals.
This is not new. Barack Obama, as a candidate, faced continual questions over his own faith, even though he repeatedly claimed to be a Christian. But folks still question his faith, even after he has been elected president.
However, these religious inquisitions within the political arena raise serious questions about political candidates, the nature of political campaigns and the proper place of religion in our politics. Should a political candidate be forced to defend his or her faith in order to be elected? And should candidates legitimately use religion as a weapon against political opponents?
In reading Brian Kaylor's article on EthicsDaily.com, and in my own following of this kind of back-and-forth religious examination between candidates in which candidate "A" claims to be more religious than candidate "B," or candidate "B" claims to be a member of the right religion, as opposed to candidate "A," whose religion is somehow less true, I am reminded of something I heard one morning during the early campaigning of the last presidential election.
While sipping my morning coffee, I watched a reporter interview folks in a local diner on the day of one of the presidential primaries. The journalist was asking patrons of the restaurant who they would choose as their candidate for president and why they were choosing that particular contender. Most were concerned about the economy, immigration, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and any number of issues. Yet the response of one woman caught my attention and almost caused me to spill my morning cup.
When asked for whom she would vote, this particular voter responded with the name of her chosen candidate, and when asked why she would cast her vote for this particular candidate, she simply replied that he would be the right person to turn America back to religion. I thought I had actually misheard what she had said, but I was wrong. Not only had she said what I thought she said, she was also very sincere in what she said.
Don't misunderstand me; I firmly believe that all people have the right to vote their religious consciences, even if I or anyone else does not agree with them. Indeed, in our democracy, people who are eligible to vote can vote for any particular candidate for any particular reason. Moreover, there is certainly nothing wrong with voting for a person because that candidate is religious.
The problem that I see in making the religious faith of a candidate a determining factor for voting for that candidate – and especially in using religion as a political tool to either make oneself look better to the voters or to cast religious doubt on one's opposition – is that we can confuse the personal faith of a public official with the idea that he or she should be a religious leader in our government. This seems to be what the woman in that coffee shop was saying, and it seems to be what happened in both South Carolina and Nevada, and probably in other elections.
But should a candidate's religious preference or the lack of religious preference be a vital part of his or her campaign? Should a candidate's personal faith be fair game in political elections? Must a candidate for any office succumb to the constant badgering from those who question his or her faith as a qualification for carrying out the duties of the office for which he or she seeks election?
The short answer to this question ought to be that while the personal faith of a candidate for public office may be important to a block of voters, this does not mean that the candidate needs to prove his or her faith, and it certainly does not mean that the candidate's role in government is to lead America back to religion, as if religion has somehow vacated our country.
There are some very important reasons that such a distinction must be kept. First, America was founded on the principle of the separation of church and state. While some have challenged this fundamental principle of American identity, history is on the side of those who maintain this separation.
Learning from the long history of religious violence and oppression in Europe, the founders of this nation, while affirming the importance of religion, drew a clear line between the roles of the church and those of the state. That line is always hard to keep clear, but it becomes very blurry when political candidates are valued foremost for their religious views.
Second, while the U.S. Constitution gives many roles and authorities to those elected to federal offices, and while various state constitutions outline the responsibilities of state officials, these documents do not include religious leadership as a duty.
There are certainly times in the life and struggle of a nation where certain elected officials, such as a president or a governor of a state, symbolically serve a quasi-pastoral function, giving comfort to those who have suffered great tragedies. Moreover, by virtue of the power of these offices, elected officials must act justly by making just legislation, which can have religious correlations. But in no way do elected officials serve as religious leaders.
Third, and perhaps most important for the modern era of American life, the multicultural fabric of our society has also produced a multireligious civilization in which all should have freedom of religion and equal rights. While a candidate is free to choose his or her personal religious faith, and he or she may find strength from that faith to carry out the role to which she or he is elected, no elected official can become the promoter of any religion, including their own religion or the dominant religion of their constituency.
To do so will inevitably lead to the endorsement of one religion over others, whether such an endorsement is implicit or explicit. In a democracy of religious diversity, to promote one religious perspective over others would result in the suppression, and perhaps oppression, of other religious views.
In a democracy, where the power over government rests with the vote of each citizen, the fundamental belief is that people can make reasonable and moral choices. And while those citizens have the right to make their choices based on religion, they must also understand that moral choices and good government are not solely dependent on religion or on a person who is a religious leader. The key to a just and moral society in which the religious and nonreligious are free and equal citizens is in finding the common moral ground on which just legislation is promoted to achieve the common good for all, religious or not.
Drew Smith, an ordained Baptist minister, is director of international programs at Henderson State University in Arkadelphia, Ark. He blogs at Wilderness Preacher.
Assistant Director of the Honors College at Henderson State University in Arkadelphia, Arkansas.


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Today was a pretty big day over here for the Truffles family. I became the 4th Truffle to have two nationalities, but the first Truffle to become an American.
Citizenship was never something I had ever really considered. When I first moved to America it was for three months. I was a transfer student doing a teaching degree. I lived in an apartment in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, with two librarians, in a neighborhood full of people in their young twenties who had migrated to NYC to live out dreams. Even once I'd decided to stay in America a little longer, and complete my degree, I still thought one day I'd pack up my ever growing collection of belongings and head back home. I loved America, but it didn't seem like a long term plan.
In 2012 the goal of moving home changed quite dramatically when my New Yorker boyfriend proposed. Suddenly the new plan was to stay in New York, and work as a teacher there. I finished my degree, got a work permit, and a job teaching. The next year the boyfriend turned into a husband, and the work permit turned into green card, but I still had not particular longing to "become" American. People would always ask me when I was going to apply for citizenship, but I just didn't really see any need. I couldn't vote, but aside from that I was living and working as if I was American anyway. I paid my taxes, drank bud light, and held my sparkler like the bets of them on the 4th of July.
Life changed again in 2016 when J decided to dramatically change careers and become a pilot in the navy. We had two little boys, a tiny apartment on Long Island, and I had a spectacularly crazy 5th grade teaching job in Brooklyn. I didn't really want to move. I had moved to America to live in New York, but I had stayed in America because of my new family. So with much trepidation we packed everything up and moved to Florida, then shortly after that to Texas, then after that Oklahoma.
It wasn't until we actually left NY that I realized that America is so incredibly disparate. In NY there are tens of thousands of British people. There are tea shops, and places to buy skips and quavers. Manhattan has a whole neighborhood called Little Britain. Flights from NYC to London leave 18 times a day, and is such a popular route it's incredibly affordable. I never felt homesick, because so much of home was readily available to me. This ended when we landed in Florida. Suddenly going home required multiple airport changes and a pretty massive price hike. Suddenly my accent was a talking point and I started to crave blending in.
Then something happened that made me think that holding out on becoming a citizen was a mistake. I was flying from London to Chicago, then on home to Texas, and I got detained by immigration. I'd been detained once before, in 2015 in NY when I'd flown home for a weekend for my goddaughters christening. That time I'd been alone, and all I had to do was call my principal to say I had been detained and wouldn't be making it into work. I was held for an hour. Then let go with no explanation. The detention room was pleasant, a couple of other folks there, but quiet and didn't appear high stress, I managed it fine. In Chicago it was a different story. I was traveling with all two kids, and I had a connecting flight to make. This time the room wasn't pleasant. We were placed in a small very hot room with a lot of other people. These others were visibly distressed. Some were crying. From what I could gather from one family, the wife was american but the husband didn't have a visa and was being sent back, she was bawling. The immigration officers were ignoring us all and stacking bottled water for themselves (we were not allowed a drink, even though I asked) My kids were tired, I was tired. I was getting really panicked about making our next flight. I tried to speak to someone. I was actually blanked. I tried just talking at him. I told him my boys had american passports, and that I had a green card. This was pointless to share, they'd confiscated my green card and passport for inspection, so he knew I had one. Then just when it was getting dire they called my name and told me to go. No explanation. I started looking into becoming a citizen the next day.
So here I am. At the end my first day as an American, and actually it feels pretty good. I wasn't sure if I'd notice a difference, and I guess on the surface nothing has changed. I feel lighter though. I'm thrilled to never to have to go to immigration again (or write them another check!) I'm looking forward to registering to vote, and applying for my passport. But more than anything I'm excited that my family is "whole" now, and for the future as an American citizen, in the country that is now officially forever my home.


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News Story
Abandoned mine funding critical to Appalachian infrastructure
The J.M. Stuart Station is seen next to the Ohio River on September 10, 2019 near Manchester, Ohio. The power plant closed in 2018 and had been in operation for 48 years. Photo by Stephanie Keith/Getty Images.
Appalachian regions are nervously awaiting passage of a federal infrastructure bill so they can avoid job loss and conservation set-backs related to abandoned mines.
A new study by a West Virginia-based research firm shows the importance of the abandoned mine land reclamation funding that helps clean up areas where surface and underground mining has occurred over the last four decades.
Members of the research firm, Downstream Strategies, joined with Appalachian groups like Rural Action in Ohio in a recent webinar to talk about the need for the infrastructure bill to be passed, and the funds included for the Surface Mining Control & Reclamation Act to be sent where they are needed.
"We know how to fix these problems, but the funding just isn't there," said Marissa Lautzenheiser, of Rural Action.
Efforts to address abandoned mine lands started in 1977 as part of the Surface Mining Control & Reclamation Act, federal legislation that has to be reauthorized every 15 years. The latest version expired on Sept. 30 of this year, leaving advocates hoping for quick agreement on the infrastructure bill.
"We have some hope that passage will happen by (October) 31st, but it's definitely not a sure thing at this point, unfortunately," said Erin Savage, Central Appalachian senior program manager for the grassroots environmental advocacy groups Appalachian Voices.
In the newest infrastructure bill, the fees that go toward abandoned mine clean up would be reauthorized, and an additional $11.3 billion would be added to help continue clean-up and jobs related to the efforts.
Since the program began in the late '70s, more than 978,000 acres of abandoned mine lands have been reclaimed, representing about $7.9 billion dollars in damages, according to Savage. Independent estimates show that there are still more than $20 billion in damages abandoned mine sites left to clean up.
In Ohio, more than a million acres of land have either been surface-mined or underground-mined, and Lautzenheiser said more than 1,300 miles of streams in the state have been polluted with acid mine drainage.
"Problems like acid mine drainage are going to be here forever," Lautzenheiser said. "We need to focus on treatment rather than prevention."
Despite a lack of appropriate federal funding to address the problem, Rural Action has partnered with state agencies and nonprofit groups to do some of the clean-up work on a local level.
"We've tracked the return of fish and other aquatic species to our rivers, kids are now fishing where their grandparents never before saw any signs of life," Lautzenheiser said.
But the advances that have been made in the state's environmental infrastructure are "precariously dependent" on more funding from the federal level.
The study done by Downstream Strategies said mine lands in Ohio, West Virginia and Virginia make up about a quarter of all unfunded abandoned mine liabilities, areas where mines have gone into disrepair and are in need of clean-up. These areas also happen to be in areas of high poverty and high unemployment, according to Joey James, of Downstream Strategies.
Reauthorizing the funding would not only help the environment return to normal, but also help keep jobs related to the clean-up and conservation efforts. The study by Downstream Strategies showed the infrastructure funding would impact 730 jobs in Ohio in sectors like water treatment.
Joe Pizarchik, a former director for the U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, said he believes the support for a standalone bill would be there if needed, but he's hoping for the infrastructure bill to keep the funding and get passed quickly.
"I do not know of a single senator or representative who supports polluted water," Pizarchik said.
An incentive for legislators to support abandoned mine reclamation and clean should also be the increased revenue in sectors such as fishing and outdoor recreation, along with better business in cleaner areas.
"When you come down to infrastructure, clean streams, clean water is the ultimate infrastructure," Pizarchik said. "This country spends billions on levies and flood controls and barges and shipping, but we as a country have not put the money into cleaning up the water to treat the acid mine drainage."
Our stories may be republished online or in print under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. We ask that you edit only for style or to shorten, provide proper attribution and link to our web site. Please see our republishing guidelines for use of photos and graphics.


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The Salvation Army URL has changed to salvationarmy.org.auFind out more
23 September 2020
Throughout years of crippling drought across the country, Salvation Army rural chaplains, disaster recovery specialists, pastors and support workers have stood alongside those impacted most, including farmers, local townspeople, remote communities and their families.
The Salvos' tireless work and ongoing assistance – in many large and seemingly smaller ways – have helped to change the lives of thousands of people, as the personal testimonies below so powerfully illustrate. And the work continues today.
"The assistance provided by you helped enormously financially, but more than that, I think it helped mentally as well. To be able to pay some bills was a great relief off my mind."
"We received help just before Christmas, which was just so timely. It enabled our family to have some relief from the financial stresses, just forget about things for a while and enjoy some happiness together."
"The assistance was very gratefully accepted. Even though we are still doing it very tough it was a great feeling to know someone cared enough to give us the assistance."
"$3000 to some might seem like a big handout to people in the city, but to farmers, this is not the case. At the time I received this money, I had $6500 worth of bills coming up due to be paid, with $2500 in my account …The $3000 paid all of my urgent bills, and then I was able to ask for extensions to the remainder and I made it work. At the time the $3000 really saved me."
"The financial assistance allowed my husband to have some essential dental work done that we would have otherwise not been able to afford. This was having an impact on his general health, so was greatly appreciated." "It was great, as we were wondering where the money would come from for tractor and work ute repairs. Thanks to you we were able to use the tractor for a lot of chores."
"We have received some rain in the last few weeks and things are looking up, but we would not have got the stock through the Christmas/New Year without your help – we were able to hang on that extra month and that made all the difference."
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Use your voting ballot to show dissent of fast-tracking Supreme Court appointment
Our state is in the midst of a pandemic that has killed nearly 550 Oregonians, an economic disaster and a long-overdue reckoning with systemic racism.
And now with the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, we have lost a champion who protected our liberties and was a fierce fighter for abortion rights, access to birth control, gender equality, LGBTQ+ people, immigrants and health care for all.
It's unconscionable that Donald Trump is trying to fast-track a lifetime appointment to the Supreme Court while much-needed COVID-19 relief stalls in Congress and Oregonians continue to suffer. The Senate must not consider any nominee until after the inauguration in 2021.
Trump made it clear he would only appoint justices who will overturn Roe v. Wade and "do the right thing" on the Affordable Care Act by striking it down — and he knows Amy Coney Barrett fits the bill.
If there's one thing that RBG showed us, it's how to rise in opposition — and that's exactly what Oregonians must keep doing.
Oregon coronavirus update, Oct. 9:Rise continues with 425 new cases
In 2017, we passed a landmark law that safeguards abortion rights and contraception coverage in Oregon, regardless of what happens to Roe and the ACA. And we will continue fighting to ensure that Oregon remains a haven state for 25 million women of reproductive age who are at risk of losing access to abortion.
When Trump's unethical gag rule went into effect in 2019, he threatened the health care of nearly 50,000 Oregonians. Thanks to Oregon leaders like Governor Kate Brown and Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum, we were able to delay the policy and mitigate its harm by creating critical policy backstops to protect access to care for all Oregonians who need it.
The nomination of Barrett is a particular insult to the legacy of RBG: She has suggested that Roe was wrongly decided, she believes that judges should not uphold the law where there is a conflict with their personal religious beliefs, and she has been openly hostile to the ACA.
Long-term forecast:Oregon's forecast predicts cold, wet, snowy season, which could mean landslides, floods
Her stances are especially dangerous considering the court will hear oral arguments the week after the election on a Trump-supported lawsuit that could dismantle the ACA and directly harm thousands of Oregonians. About 462,000 Oregonians could lose expanded Medicaid coverage. About 95,000 Oregonians could lose tax credits that make their coverage affordable. Young Oregonians could no longer stay on their parents' plan until age 26.
At this critical time for our country, Oregonians can show their dissent at the ballot box. We can elect reproductive health champions like Shemia Fagan for Secretary of State. We can unseat politicians like State Senator Denyc Boles, who has sponsored multiple bills that perpetuate myths about abortion. We can pass Ballot Measure 108 to protect the Oregon Health Plan, which countless Planned Parenthood patients rely on.
We will do all we can to fight this nomination and to fight back in November. There is simply too much at stake. Our rights, our health care and our futures are on the line.
Emily McLain is the executive director of Planned Parenthood PAC of Oregon. You may reach her at firstname.lastname@example.com


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- 4 Vehicle Matching
Why Your Next Vehicle Should be a New Chevy For Sale?
Do you need a new sedan, SUV, or pickup in The Shoals? Then you should visit us at Greenway Chevrolet Of The Shoals to see why so many Northern Alabama drivers choose Chevy when they need a dependable and affordable new vehicle. Whether you're shopping for a sedan like a new Chevy Malibu for sale, an SUV like the Chevy Tahoe, or a truck like the Silverado, we have you covered. Explore our new Chevy cars and new Chevy trucks for sale today.
Why Compare Our New Chevy Vehicles For Sale in Tuscumbia, AL?
Why should a new Chevrolet for sale in Tuscumbia be at the top of your list? For over a hundred years, Chevy has built dependable vehicles that offer something for drivers from Florence to Muscle Shoals. Here are just a few of many reasons to consider a new Chevy for sale:
- Chevy Cars For Sale: Whether you've got your eye on an affordable and efficient new Chevy Spark, a modern muscle car like a Camaro, or an iconic vehicle like the Chevy Corvette, Chevy has a car for you.
- Chevy SUVs For Sale: Need room for the family and the capability to tow or haul? From the crossover Chevy Trax to the classic Suburban SUV, there's a crossover or SUV to fit the size and needs of you and your family.
- Chevy Trucks For Sale: The new Silverado 1500 for sale is a workhorse, but it's not the only Chevy pickup on our lot. When you need more power and superior capabilities, the Silverado HD is ready for you - and the new Chevy Colorado for sale is a top mid-size pickup choice. See what a Chevy pickup for sale can do for you by setting up a test drive.
Our Chevrolet experts would be more than happy to help you find a vehicle that meets your needs and budget. Find your dream Chevy for sale today.
Make Greenway Chevrolet Of The Shoals Your Go-To Chevy Dealership
It's no surprise that our Chevy trucks for sale and Chevy cars for sale attract many drivers around Florence and Muscle Shoals. Variety and legacy make a great case for choosing Chevrolet, but why should you find your new Chevrolet for sale in Tuscumbia at Greenway Chevrolet Of The Shoals?
- Our finance team will work one-on-one with you to find the right solution for your next new Chevy, and we can help you decide whether you should lease or finance a new Chevy for sale.
- Chevy vehicles are known for their dependability, but you'll still need to keep them maintained. Our Chevy service center is staffed by a team of techs who know your vehicle inside and out and will help keep it in top shape.
Schedule a Test Drive on a New Chevy Car, Truck or SUV For Sale
Greenway Chevrolet Of The Shoals is conveniently located for Florence and Corinth drivers, making it easy for you to find your next Chevy for sale. Contact our Chevy dealer today to get started or to get behind the wheel for a test drive. We can't wait to help you find a new Chevy for sale that checks all of the boxes on your wishlist. The perfect new sedan or Chevy pickup for sale awaits at Greenway Chevrolet Of The Shoals.
Having a hard time finding a new Chevy that checks all of the boxes on your wishlist? Get everything you want using our Chevy Vehicle Configurator tool!
1Dealer Discount applied to everyone


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There is something so special about bubbles. They make bread rise they make sponge light they make mousse mousy.
We might whip them up in icecream, or magically make them through chemistry in cakes. We might even call in a friendly little bug or two to toot them out for our delight through fermentation.
Our favorite drinks are full of bubbles in various shapes and size from the powerful pettiante Perrier to the smoothest glass of Guinness.
But there is nothing quite as wonderful as a tall slim glass filled full of bubbly itself on a Friday night.
Can you imagine just how flat our world would be without them?


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Polyverse Music is a new group that aims to create interesting and innovative plugins for musicians by collaborating with respected artists and producers. Their first endeavor is I Wish and it was created in collaboration with the world-famous Infected Mushroom.
I got the chance to review I Wish and was quite surprised with its uniqueness.
The setup to begin using I Wish is a bit more complicated than most MIDI effects in that you need to route audio into the MIDI channel. Once that is done, you then need to let the audio play and hit notes on your keyboard or have a MIDI clip containing some notes on the MIDI track itself to activate the plug and effect the audio.
When a MIDI note is triggered, I Wish samples the incoming audio and captures individual pitch cycles with discernable note frequencies. Lower notes create longer loops which results in lower pitches and higher notes result in higher pitches. Though extremely low notes, -C2 for example, create a stuttering loop effect.
The plug has a number of controls. There are the main pitch and formant controls at the top. There is the LFO with 6 shapes whose lengths can be changed. Both the envelope and the LFO can be routed to the pitch and the formant controls separately or you can link them. There is the main attack and release as well as the standard dry/wet parameters. And at the bottom of the plug there are a few bonus features like the pitch glide, some delay, and the voice control (up to 32).
There are a few ways you can approach this plug depending on the desired results. Let's look at a few by using a short vocal phrase.
Original vocal sample:
Here is what it sounds like with an arpeggiator on the MIDI channel repeating at 1/64. It sounds similar to a vocoder.
Cocal arp 1/64:
Here we get a more granular synth sound with lower longer MIDI notes and no apreggiator.
And the same granular style here with a -24 semitone formant envelope and a bit of reverb.
Granular synth sound 2:
Also, we can make an FX riser out of any sound quite easily. We just need to link the pitch and formant controls and automate them over the course of the risers intended length. I have added a few extra effects to really make the sound stand out, but all the heavy lifting is done by I Wish.
The audio I used for this example is different from those above. It is from the same vocalist, but it needed to be longer vocal clip than the original short vocal phrase.
Overall I would say that this plugin is quite unique and can generate some really great results from any audio sources.
One drawback is that it takes quite a bit of time to get things cooking. From the initial set to determining the size and placement of MIDI notes and whether or not to use an arpeggiator, for example.
However, if you take the time to figure out what works I Wish can add a lot to your projects in terms of unique variations and stylized audio.
Price: $99
Pros: Unique stylized results
Cons: Time to get those results