In the physical education class, Zhang Ming followed the teacher's instructions to practice forward or backward (forward is indicated by "+"), as follows: +5 steps, -4 steps, -3 steps, +2 steps, +1 steps. Did Zhang Ming advance or retreat? If so, by how many steps? If you backed up, how many steps back?
张明在体育课上按照老师的指令进行前进或后退练习(前进用"+"表示)，如下：+5步，-4步，-3步，+2步，+1步．张明前进了还是后退了？如果前进了，前进了几步？如果后退了，后退了几步？
<gadget id="calculator">5 + (-4) + (-3) + 2 + 1</gadget>
<output>1</output>

<result>1</result>