system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
ELI5: With CPU chips having billions of transistors, What happen if a few go bad

So we know they jam pack billions of small transistors into a modern CPU chip. Does it only take 1 transistor to go bad to render the chip useless? Or can a few go down and the chip will still be functional.  Is there some type of redundancy on them so that it can keep working.
gpt
Of course when such chips are made the manufacturing process isn't perfect and some errors may render transistors nonfunctional. The chips are designed with some level of redundancy so certain kinds of errors can be "worked around" but enough errors can render large sections of the chip inoperative.

Instead of just throwing out this under-performing CPU the manufacturers perform what is called "binning". Chips able to perform at certain thresholds are separated into different product lines so a higher performance product which is crippled by broken transistors might be sold as a lower performance unit for less.