system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
How are billions of transistors put on a microchip the size of your thumbnail? With what tools are humans able to arrange materials with this (nearly atom specific) level of precision?

We find it impressive when an artist can carve a sculpture on the tip of a pencil or on a grain of rice, but a transistor is hundreds of times smaller than the tip of a pencil...
gpt
There are two main ways. You start by coating silicon wafer with a special chemical called resist. Then you either use light or electrons to burn the resist. If you use light, it's done by exposing it through a mask so that the right patterns are transferred to the resist. If you use electrons, it's basically like an electron microscope, where the beam moves around and burns the resist. Electron has higher resolution but takes longer. After the resist has been exposed, you can put the wafer in acid to etch the silicon where the resist was burned, or deposit other materials that stick to the silicon only where the resist was burned. When you're done, you remove all the resist and you have a finely etched silicon wafer.