system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
ELI5: How do dogs communicate with each other?
gpt
Body language mostly, like many animals on this planet.

Some of the stuff is obvious and we all recognize: bearing teeth and ears back is aggression, wagging tails and "bowing" (head down, butt up) is happy or playful, while exposing the belly is a sign of submission, and a tail between the legs is a sign of fear.

There are other things that are less obvious-licking the face/mouth is a sign of submission to the leader. Staring is a sign of distrust, while "ignoring" is a sign of trust (no need to watch you, they know you won't hurt them).

Smelling eachother's butts is more of a greeting than communication. Barks/growls/whimpers/howls communicate as well, but those are almost always associated with body language.