system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
ELI5 what magnet, charter, and choice schools are in the USA

These terms occasionally come up in comments about education.
gpt
Standard public schools in the US take any student that lives in their assigned region and educates them.  However, let's say you are a really talented musician, there is really not reason to think that the other talented musicians in your state live near you.  So, the state (or county) might open a Magnet school for Music.  Any student in the state/county can go there, but the school can select the best musicians.  This is a very different system, but it's still apublic school run by the government.  

Let's say some parents want to have a school that adopts a non-standard teaching philosophy, for example boys-only and girls-only rather than co-ed.  They can find some educational studies that show this works better for some students.  With this justification they can apply to the state/county for a Charter to open a Charter School that adopts this educational paradigm.  It's a controlled experiment, and usually they use the same books and tests as usual schools.  Attendance at the charter school is voluntary, sometimes with a lottery if more kids want to go than there is space.  

Other times parents want a school choice that's not educationally based, the long-standing example is Catholic School.  These schools teach the same content, but in addition they teach certain religious things.  In most of the US, these are private schools, where the parents pay.  However, in some areas with below average public schools there have been experiments with voucher programs where some of the tuition is paid with public money (because the student isn't taking up space in a public school).  This is the most controversial aspect of the system.