system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
[FATWS]

Is Bucky’s 1940’s super soldier serum the same as Karli and the Flag Smashers or are they stronger then Bucky? Could one of the FS had used his hand to stop the shield from coming down on him at the end of the episode with his strength?
gpt
Dr. Nagel specifically says that he derived his super soldier formula from blood samples (many suspect this to be from Isaiah's blood) and he "optimized" it. Isaiah would have been given a serum based on Steve's blood and whatever notes the US government had from Erskine.

Bucky is strongly implied to have been given his super soldier serum while under experimentation by Zola who would have had a different imperfect formulation based on Red Skull's blood and older notes from Erskine. Remember, Erskine further refined the formula after coming to America.

So, it's a different formula that's been refined extra and it's really not clear how they stack up in terms of raw strength. But there's other things than strength that determine the victor. Bucky has a lot more training and experience than Karli and her followers.