system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
Where does the energy to break a frozen bottle of water come from?

If I put a bottle of liquid water in the freezer, the freezer takes out heat energy in the water down to about -18 deg. C. But in the process the water expands and breaks the bottle. If the heat energy was taken out by the freezer, then where did the energy come from to break the bottle?
Is it just that some of the heat energy was converted to kinetic energy, and the freezer only took out the rest of the heat energy?
Bonus question: 
How can I calculate the energies/forces involved? i.e. if 1 L of liquid water is encased in a bottle, and taken from +1 deg C down to -18, then how much force can i expect the expanding water to exert on the bottle?
Thanks!
gpt
The way to think about this (and indeed most problems involving energy) is in terms of relative energy and relative stability.

Everything in the universe "wants" to be in as stable a state as possible. That means systems lose energy in favour of stability if they can.

Something that is suspended above the earth is in a high energy but low stability state - it would "rather" exchange its energy for stability by falling to the earth. The same is true of both nuclear fusion and fission: small elements fuse and large elements split to lose energy and gain stability by becoming more iron-like (iron is the most stable element). The same is also true of water when it freezes - it exchanges the high energy liquid state for the lower energy (high stability) ordered structure of ice. The difference in energy between the two states is called a "driving force" and determines the direction of processes in chemistry (a and b react to give c, but c does not spontaneously split into a and b), physics and biology. The driving force has the potential to do "work". An example of this would be the huge explosion that results from a nuclear bomb.

The energy lost by water when it freezes is similarly converted into work. As ice is less dense than water this work takes the form of pressure being exerted on its container as the water expands - if enough work is done, the container will break.