system
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human
[Star Trek: TNG] How is Data able to isolate command to bridge only without any kind of confirmation code? Spoilers in body

In s4, E3, "Brothers", how was Data able to make all commands be required only on the main control deck, by using Picard's voice, but without any kind of verbal authorization code accompanied with it? 

In most instances, when Picard tells the Enterprise to override or confirm anything, his voice command of whatever action he's wanting to perform, along with a verbal code is usually required. Data uses "Alpha Two clearance", but surely any kind of clearance codes commanded by the Captain would require some kind of secondary authorization, such as the verbal codes previously seen used. 

How was Data able to get by with a command so serious as to override all commands from other areas of the ship, including commands from Picard actual, to the main control bridge so easily?
gpt
You answer lies in your own question. "In most instances..." There's also a huge bunch of variables here. One, we don't know everything Data is doing. There are long cuts that show just the crew in engineering while they try to figure out what's going on. Data is using this time and his current access as a Sr. officer to consolidate all the control he needs to the bridge.


We also don't know what specifically he's been typing into the console he's working at on the bridge. We know Data has super human reflexes and dexterity. He could be rapidly typing in all sorts of commands when we're focused on engineering, using his knowledge of ship's systems to hack all the access he can out of it.


The lack of a verbal, secondary or what's known as Multi-factor Authentication of a specific security code is probably only required for things like Self Destruct or other events that would destroy the ship. Lesser activities such as isolated ship commands only to the bridge might not require that multi-factor authentication because 


A) Data's been hacking at the system and we don't see all of what's he's done. He might've been able to lower the authentication requirements of the function he was trying to isolate from engineering. 


B) Data already has a lot of security clearance as a Sr. Bridge Officer. He likely abused his access to maximum potential to reduce authentication requirements.


C) Isolating command controls to the Bridge only may not require Multi-factor authentication because it may be a common enough event due to a number of potential scenarios on the ship.


D) Because we don't see all of what Data's been typing away we can make the assumption that he could have easily manually entered any secondary authentications required because he's sitting at a terminal instead of verbally providing it.