system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
ELI5: How can 2 different CPU’s of the same model have different overclock potentials even though they have the same architecture?
gpt
There are very slight variations between chips, both a benefit and a detriment to the way they're produced. Obviously every chip that makes it into a package has probably tested to be able to run at the rating on the box with no problems. Those that fail get tossed. But there are some where there are less imperfections or whatever, where they are (at least in theory) capable of working at a higher speed.

The box rating is just the absolute baseline of What constitutes a sellable CPU, and is what is proven to be completely stable.