system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
How do gender roles influence emotional expression?

At least in the western world (I don't know too much about other cultures) it is common to think that women are more emotional than men. The idea that men don't like to talk about their emotions while women do, and so on. While I have the idea that this is true in general due to biological reasons (but im not really sure), what influence do societies have in expressing emotions, and could it not be that by society not listening to men's emotions cause them to stay silent about them?

I can imagine for instance men who would talk openly about their feelings if it wasn't for a society where this was considered shamefull. But the balance between 'nature and nurture', biology vs gender roles, is quite opaque to me.

What information/literature is there about the subject, and is there a difference between different cultures?
gpt
There’s actually a really great literature within Sociology called the Sociology of emotions, and one of its most influential books is by Arlie Hochschild - The Managed Heart (1983). She argues that, for example, female flight attendants have to perform a sort of emotional labor to effectively do their job. It’s a great case in point as to how gendered job expectations drive emotional expression.

There’s also a pretty consistent through line in the Sociology of gender that argues that there is consistently identifiable patterns in gendered socialization that shape emotional expression. This hangs around the idea that children are socialized into norms related to ideal masculinity or femininity that enable or constrain types of emotional expression. For a good review, check out West and Zimmerman’s 1987 article “Doing Gender.” In it you’ll find a substantive overview of the topic that includes dated but empirical work covering all angles of the question.