system
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human
Gas giants

Why are Neptune and Uranus different colors from Jupiter? What is the big storm on Jupiter, how long has it been active? Why do some giants have rings and others have multiple rings? How wouldn't the multiple rings decimate each other over the billions of years of planetary development?
gpt
The Gas Giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, are colossal planets made up of mainly gas. The different colours you see are because they are made up of different types of gas, and these reflect light differently, so appear different colours. Uranus has a lot of icy material like water, methane and ammonia in its atmosphere, so it appears an icy blue colour. Jupiter has such huge pressures in its lower atmosphere that hydrogen turns to liquid and starts to act more like an alkali metal, like potassium. Saturn's atmosphere is mainy hydrogen and helium. If you could find a body of water large enough, Saturn would float in it. Neptune is another icy planet, giving it a deep blue colour.

The big storm on Jupiter is known as the Big Red Spot. It's massive, slightly bigger than the entire Earth. We don't know how long it has been going, but it's at least 200 years, based on records from astronomers at the time when it was discovered. The 'winds' of gas around it are very fast, 400km/hour and more.

All of the Gas Giants actually have rings, even Jupiter. Saturn is the most famous for them since its rings are huge and complex. The amount of debris making up the rings is based on how much there was around when the planet formed.

The material in the rings around Saturn, for example, is constantly colliding, breaking up, and reforming, it's pretty chaotic in there. Saturn's moons have a gravitational pull on the rings which can be seen as they go past, pulling some material out. Saturn is so big that rocks escaping from the ring are soon pulled back in, though lots do get out permanently. Saturn has trillions of bits making up its rings, so they won't be disappearing any time soon.