system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
ELI5: What makes some wines better than others? Why can some bottles be 10 bucks while others over 100?
gpt
Let's say a vineyard makes a wine that's generally considered good (note- it's kinda irrelevant whether it is objectively good or not). This increases demand as people want to buy this famously tasty wine. 

Unfortunately vineyards, communes and chateaux can only make so much wine with the land they have. If they want to increase production, they need to buy up more land. However, the microclimates, microflora (the natural yeasts) and the soil quality that all affect how wine tastes can differ literally between fields. Also, the processes for making wine have to be scaled up, which again can affect the taste.

So, if they increase supply to keep up with demand, they end up making a different product that falls out of favor, and nobody wants it any more. Instead, the price just rises.

Simple economics right?

Here's the rub - high end wines are luxury goods. This means that high prices actually *increase* demand. You're not just buying any old wine, you're buying a famous product. It's the same as with brand name clothes or luxury cars. You're paying for increased quality, sure, but you're also paying for the name and the connotations that come with it- of exclusivity, of sophistication, of connoisseurship. 

On buying it, you're part of an exclusive club of people who appreciate the finer things. Being a member is desirable enough that people are willing to fork out some extra cash for the privilege. A Château Lafite Rothschild is sold as much on reputation as it is on the quality of the wine inside.

**TL;DR :** Some wines have reputations for being good, which increases demand. Increasing supply is difficult, so prices rise. The wine now has the added bonus of being "exclusive", "expensive" and "rare". Demand remains high.