system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
[StarTrek] Borg Nanoprobes

An injection of borg nanoprobes, is in most cases enough to link the individual to the hive mind and begin the creation of several implants such as assimilation tubules or forcefield generators.

Just how far along the progression of un-upgraded organism to fully fledged drone, can that initial injection reach.

Also, does it simply use the bodies natural store of minerals to create them, or does it actively transform existing organic materials into the advanced metals required for the technology they develop.

If you stopped a drone from receiving any extenral assistance with its process, how much technology could it generate.
gpt
Borg nanoprobe technology is poorly understood by quite nearly everyone in the galaxy, since the only real access to them is by direct assimilation. So therefore, there aren't really any concrete answers to your questions. However, we can infer some things.

It's likely when the nanoprobes build the first synthetic implants, they use the minerals and resources inside the host body. They MIGHT have microscopic replicators to aid with some of the work, but for the most part, when the borg inject someone, they intend to very quickly turn them into a full drone, thus healing and nourishing the body they just took from. 

It's likely the nanoprobes themselves don't add too much to the host, just basic connectors for the bigger mechanical implants and components. They most likely create Borg signal receivers in the brain so the host immediately follows the will of the collective, even if that will is for them to remain still and wait for a drone to come and collect them. 

The time between injection and full drone probably varies between the needs of the collective, the situation and the individual being assimilated. It's likely in perfect conditions, an assimilation done without resistance and the subject immediately taken to a cube, the process doesn't take more than a few hours. If the borg number just a few drones with limited supplies but total control of an area, they can create a rudimentary assimilation "medical suite" and do much the same in maybe a little more time. It's doubtful assimilation takes longer than a day, or the subject would either die from the nanoprobes or in futile resistance.