system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
ELI5: how do computer parts work?

I am relatively into gaming, have my own custom PC, and have been around digital tech since I was a child. I can relatively easily operate a range of systems, and have little trouble working new systems out. What I can't for the life of me understand is how different parts communicate with one another, or how you even translate Pc parts to understand a language at all. I am aware of the rough idea of it being 1s and 0s, but how on earth do these mean anything to a computer that has no real understanding of what a 1 or a 0 is?

Edit: I now have far more questions than I thought was even possible. Ill stick to my dad job and leave the computers just for playing games. Thanks everyone who tried!
gpt
How binary works:

It's base-2 arithmetic. It works like base-10, which you are used to, but with only 2 numbers. So in base-10, you count from 0 to 9 and then append a 0 and count from 10 to 19, and so on. In base-2, you count 0 1, then append a zero and count again. You just have to append zeroes faster. Here's a little conversion table, decimal to binary:

0 = 0

1 = 1

2 = 10

3 = 11

4 = 100

5 = 101

6 = 110

7 = 111

8 = 1000

9 = 1001

10 = 1010

And so on. In this way you need only two digits to count as high as you want. Each number representing a 0 or a 1 is called a bit. It comes from Binary digIT. One byte contains 8 bits, and it can represent any integer from 0 to 255, like this:

0 = 00000000

...

255 = 11111111

Now it's a matter of assigning numbers to everything else. For instance, you could say that a "1" represents an "A" and a "2" represents a "B" and so on. You continue with something like this and you assign numbers to all the letters, all the numbers, lower and upper case, emojis, and what have you. You also assign numbers as addresses to each pixel on a screen, and you assign numbers to various colors.

Computers are really good at repetitive calculation, so by representing everything as numbers we can easily store, retrieve, and operate on anything. 

Languages, as in programming languages, are not that much different; at the most basic, there are very simple languages that use numbers to represent simple instructions. For instance, a "+" could be assigned a number, and so could a "-" and a "x" and so on. There are mathematical operations that you learn further along, perhaps in high school or in college, that have names like AND and OR and NOT; there are others, a bit more advanced, that have names like IF and ELSE.

Put it all together and you can write programs that can operate on all those symbols according to rules that you define.

The PC parts don't really translate things between concepts and 0 and 1. They operate mathematically on bits, and that is all. It is the collection of those bits, and the way we choose to organize them and display them, that has meaning. This paragraph makes sense to you if you speak English; to the computer it is just a series of numbers, with no particular meaning. There is a lot of software between you and me that makes it appear to you as letters on a screen; and you are the one doing the interpretation.

How different parts communicate with each others is easy: they transmit signals to each other using wires. It is a bit more complex than that, and the wires are really tiny, but in the end as part of running your game the CPU will send signals through wires through wires to the memory, which will reply by sending memory contents; it will operate on some of those contents and send it as signals on wires to the GPU, wich will turn those into instructions to light pixels in a certain order and color and so on.