system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
How were vaccines used in the 1980s and 1990s made? (mRNA, viral vector, etc.)

(I know mRNA is new so it won't be that but I just listed it as an example) I wondered if anyone knows how the usual vaccines administered in childhood (in the UK) were made/formulated? I'm referring to tetanus, diphtheria, MMR, rabies, measles, polio etc.
gpt
The tetanus vaccine is a toxoid vaccine: such vaccines don't grant immunity to the infection, but to the toxin the infection creates. The toxin is made ineffective through heat treatment.

The first successful polio vaccine contained polio virus parts that had been inactivated with formaldehyde.

Rabies, but also measles and rubella are attenuated viruses. That are viruses that are made so that they don't really make you sick, essentially through selective breeding.