system
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human
ELI5: How does electricity create information?

In computers, information is in binary, which represents energy being on and off. However, I don't understand how the energy creates the information. What about energy being turned on and off allows computers to do what they do?
gpt
Electricity doesn't actually create the information - it's more of a carrier of information.  The switches are tiny transistors that use electric voltages to activate or deactivate specific parts of the circuit to take a bunch of input voltage values (ons or offs) and generate a set of output voltages.  When you turn a computer on, it starts in a null state, except for one little chip that uses the new on voltage to begin executing stored computer code that checks the hardware and boots the computer by pointing to where the magnetic or electrical patterns that represent the operating system's kernel are stored.  Once the kernel is loaded into memory, it loads even more stored patterns - the rest of the operating system and programs.  These take electrical patterns as input by keyboards, touch screens, mice, and wired or wireless connections, and evaluate the input against each itself, other input, or against standard operations using the prearranged patterns in the computer's processor.  So the electricity itself isn't the information, it's just what lets the transistors perform operations on the information.