system
Given the following post, respond as if you're commenting on Reddit:
human
Could there be a civilization just as technologically advanced as us in another planet whose science has a totally different content than ours?

Meaning: they have all our technological prowess but their theories 'parse' the world in a completely different way.
gpt
The way our scientific method developed was contingent upon cultural/societal circumstances from different times and places, so the alien civilization in question could have developed theirs differently or in different stages than we did. 

The goal of science is to uncover the true nature of reality. So long as they have the same goal and reside in the same universe as we do, they would be observing, identifying, classifying the same phenomena and laws that govern them as us.

That said, the criteria by which we classify and group phenomena are chosen by us, and while we have good reasons for the way we do it, it could be done differently. So in this way an alien civilization could develop a science with results different from ours. 

Finally, the way we are biologically geared to perceive the world plays a role in how we practically divide and classify different aspects of the world. There's no doubt that this alien civilization is biologically geared differently than we are, and so they will likely perceive the world differently than we do which will impact the way they would divide and classify. Science, however, is supposed to transcend the subjective experience of reality. 

Great question!