A 3DO marketing rep. recently offered a Phillips marketing rep. a $100
bet that 3DO would have boxes on the market on schedule.  The Phillips
rep. declined the bet, probably because he knew that 3DO players are
already in pre-production manufacturing runs, 6 months before the
commercial release date.

By the time of commercial release, there will be other manufacturers of
3DO players announced and possibly already tooling up production.  Chip
sets will be in full production.  The number of software companies
designing titles for the box will be over 300.

How do I know this?  I was at a bar down the road from 3DO headquarters
last week.  Some folks were bullshitting a little too loudly about
company business.

 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Good point.  The New Testament does not quote Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther,
Ruth, Job, Ecclesiastes, or Song of Songs, just as it does not quote
from the Deuterocanon.  But if the non-quotation of the former does not
disqualify them, neither does the non-quotation of the later.  And the
Wisodm of Solomon was quite clearly an influence on St. Paul, especially
in the letter to the Romans (cf especially Romans 1.18-32 and Wisdom
13-14).

[stuff deleted]

True.  Not all accepted them as Scripture, though niether were all the
books of the New Testament so accepted, which puts to the lie the whole
argument of the books being excluded because they were debated and not
universally accepted.  Hebrews, the Apocalypse, 2 Peter, Esther, and
others were debated at various times, but eventually retained.  As for
the Codexes you mention, both Vaticanus and Sinaitcus include the
Deuterocanon, bothe of the New and Old Testaments, and Vaticanus (I
think) inlcudes 1 Clement, the Shepard of Hermas, and the Epistle of
Baranabas.  As for the Muratorian Canon, it deals with the New Testament
only, though it is very valuable in its witness to those books.

	You're not wrong!  It is a `tradition of men' to exlcude them, as I
will explain below.

"That nothing be read in the Church under the nmae of Divine Scripture,
except the canonical Scriptures, and the canoncial Scriptures are -
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth,
Four books of Kingdoms [being 1&2 Samuel and 1&2 Kings], Two books of
Paralpomenon [being 1&2 Chronicles], Job, the Psalter of David, the Five
books of Solomon [being Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Wisdom of
Solomon, and [misatributed to him] the Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach],
The books of the Twelve (Minor) Prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah [being
Jeremiah, the Lamentations, Baruch, and the Letter, all of which were
formerly counted as one], Ezekiel, Daniel, Tobit, Judith, Esther, Two
books of Ezra [being Ezra and Nehemiah], Two books of Maccabees.  And of
the New Testament: Four books of the Gospel, One book of the Acts of the
Apostles, Thirteen letters of Paul the Apostle, One Letter of the same
to the Hebrews, two of Peter the Apostle, Three of John, One of the
Apostle Jude, One of the Apostle James, One book of the Apocalypse of
John."
	-Council of Hippo, Statute 36, (393 AD)

	This same list was promulgated again at the Third Council of Carthage
(397 AD), and at the Sixth Council of Carthage (419 AD) - at which
council the same list was enumerated with the words "Because we have
recieved from the Fathers that these are the books to be read in the
Church."  Which ought to quiet those who assert "in the name of Holy
Scripture we do understand those books of whose authority there was
never any doubt in the Church," as the Episcopal Church does in removing
the Deuterocanon from the realm of Scripture.  (Though the Episcopalians
hold them in high regard and read them in the Church, they are not
counted as Scripture by them, and may not be used to prove dogma.  The
Lutherans hold out similarly.)
	Earlier mention of the so-called Apocrypha as divine scripture can also
be found, and below I inlcude only a portion of the quotes calling it
divine scripture that could be found among the writings of the Fathers.

"And this is the reason why the Law of the old Testament is reckoned as
consisting of twenty-two books: so that they may correspond to the
number of letters [in the Hebrew alphabet].... It is to be noted also
that by adding to these Tobias and Judith, there are twenty-four books,
corresponding to the number of letters used by the Greeks."
	-St. Hillary of Poitiers, "Commentaries on the Psalms," prologue, 15 (365 AD)

"The twenty-two books according to the Hebrews are .... Jeremiah, with
Lamentations and the Letter, reckoned as one .... and [also] there is
Maccabees."
	-Origen, "Commentaries on the Psalms," Psalm 1 (245 AD)

"Divine Scripture, addressing itself to those who love themselves and to
the boastful .... says most excellently [Baruch 3.16-19 follows]."
	-St. Clement of Alexandria, "The Instuctor of Children," 2, 3, 36, 3, (203 AD)

"....I learned accurately the books of the Old Testament ... Proverbs of
Solomon, and also Wisdom ..."
	-St. Melito of Sardes, fragment found in Eusebius' "History of the
Church," and dating from crica 177 AD, Book 4, 26, 14

"It is likewise decreed: Now, indeed, we must treat of the divine
Scriptures: what the universal Catholic Church accepts and what she must
shun.  The list of the Old Testament .... Wisdom, one book;
Ecclesiasticus, one book .... Tobit, one book .... Judith, one book; of
Maccabees, two books."
	-St. Damasus I, Pope, "The Decree of Damsus," section 2 (382 AD)


  The same Bill James? Why do you say that? It sounds like you're suggesting
Bill James had something to do with overhyping the kid to death. Au contraire;
he was fairly critical of him after his ROY campaign, noting that he wasn't
all-world as a catcher or a hitter. He called him basically average when
everyone *else* in the media was predicting the next Johnny Bench or Roy
Campanella.

  Which reports are those?

  I like Hernandez a lot, but if Piazza can catch the ball, you've gotta play
him IMHO. He's a much better hitter, although Hernandez isn't a *bad* hitter.
Right now, it sounds like Piazza will catch most of the time and Hernandez
will be Candiotti's caddy since he can catch the knuckler. As long as they
play up to their abilities, the Dodgers could have a very good catching
tandem.

  I think both are overrated defensively (see Nichols' Law of catcher
defense), but that's something that's difficult to prove or disprove from
your viewpoint or mine. About the only tangible thing we can look at is
opponent's SB%, and that's clouded by how well your pitchers hold runners.
Catchers ERA is a possibility, but it's subject to way too many biases.

  As for them 'playing on a team that is not so much in need of another big
bat', I disagree here too. About the only chink in the Braves' armor is that
they're weak offensively at several positions (CF, C, 2B, SS if Belliard
plays, 1B unless Bream and Hunter form another super-platoon) and very weak
defensively if Blauser plays. I'd like to see the Braves give at least one of
Mel Nieves, Javy Lopez or Chipper Jones a shot, but much like the talent-rich
Jays of recent years they'll be conservative and stick with what they have.
I'm not saying that's wrong, just conservative.


Here in Nanaimo (on Vancouver Island, for you furriners out there) we
got the ABC coverage on KOMO.  It probably depends on your cable company.

I started off switching between the CBC and ABC broadcasts, but finally
settled on ABC.  I can't stand Don Whitman, and Al Michaels was doing a
decent job.  He followed the play pretty well, knew all the players'
names, and only made a couple of "rookie" mistakes that I noticed.
One thing that surprised me is that they never once attempted to explain
the offside rule.

Am-I-paranoid-or-is-this-really-happening department:
There were no fights in the game, but there were a couple of occasions
where it looked like a fight was about to start.  Both times ABC cut
away to show a closeup of a coach or McNall or something.  Has ABC
decided to adopt the "Spicer policy?"


Has anyone experienced problems formatting a system floppy in the File
Manager under DOS 6?  I get a formatted disk but when I boot with it,
my hard drive isn't recognized.  I did install DoubleSpace.  Also, I
*was* able to make a good-working system floppy from the DOS 6 command
shell (no Windows).

Let me know if you've had this problem too and if you've heard what's
going on.
--


Another guess to your salvation riddle would be "saved".


I'm not up on the details of US patent law, but I think this is incorrect.
There is a "reasonable use" exemption for *copyright*.  There is none for
*patents*.  The exemptions from patent licensing are quite narrow; R&D work
is exempt but personal use is not.  That is, it's okay to experiment with
a patented idea, but not to put it to practical use (e.g. to improve your
stereo), even if it's only your own private practical use.

Of course, it is unlikely that discreet personal use will ever be detected
or that you will ever be sued over it.


	If alcohol were again banned today, it would be MUCH more
	difficult to manage a large-scale smuggling operation.
	The cops now rank just a narrow notch below the military
	in communications, intelligence gathering and firepower.

	In a similar vein, the amount of marijuana smuggled into
	this country has greatly decreased. This is because its
	value-per-pound is very low when compared to cocaine or
	heroin. It's simply not worth the risk, it's uneconomical.
	Now, most reefer is domestic. There is less pressure on
	the domestic producer (showy raids notwithstanding) and
	thus it is economical. Of note though ... domestic reefer
	is now very strong, so a small volume goes a long way.
	You cannot make alcohol stronger than 200 proof - not a
	good dollar/pound deal.


Here is a way to get the commericial companies into space and mineral
exploration.

Basically get the eci-freaks to make it so hard to get the minerals on earth..
You think this is crazy. Well in a way it is, but in a way it is reality.

There is a billin the congress to do just that.. Basically to make it so
expensive to mine minerals in the US, unless you can by off the inspectors or
tax collectors.. ascially what I understand from talking to a few miner friends
of mine, that they (the congress) propose to have a tax on the gross income of
the mine, versus the adjusted income, also the state governments have there
normal taxes. So by the time you get done, paying for materials, workers, and
other expenses you can owe more than what you made.
BAsically if you make a 1000.00 and spend 500. ofor expenses, you can owe
600.00 in federal taxes.. Bascially it is driving the miners off the land.. And
the only peopel who benefit are the eco-freaks..

Basically to get back to my beginning statement, is space is the way to go
cause it might just get to expensive to mine on earth because of either the
eco-freaks or the protectionist..
Such fun we have in these interesting times..


It's the Unix Domain Socket (local connection) to your XServer.
Try to rm it :)


Fascinating.  Most of the content of the White House announcements was
in what was *not* said.  It gives us almost nothing of value, threatens to
take away a lot, and does it with a sincere smile on its face,
and the nice friendly word "Management".

			      FACT SHEET
		     PUBLIC ENCRYPTION MANAGEMENT

The first thing it doesn't say is "We're giving you stronger encryption".
what it says is
   the U. S. Government has developed a microcircuit that not only
   provides privacy through encryption that is substantially more robust
   than the current government standard, but also permits escrowing of
   the keys needed to unlock the encryption.  The system for the
   escrowing of keys will allow the government to gain access to
   encrypted information only with appropriate legal authorization.
But DES is strong enough that only the government can break it now,
so the major effect is to make it EASIER for government to break!
*At best* it makes it more difficult for the NSA to break, since they
need to get one of the two escrowed keys to do a brute-force search
for the other 40-bit key.

Similarly, it didn't say "We're making encryption is commercially available."
because encryption *is* already commercially available, including
forms the NSA may not be able to break, like triple-DES or IDEA.
And phone companies could offer DES-based systems *now* if they were
convinced the government would let them and they could make enough money.

The next thing it didn't say is "We're making encryption legal",
because of course encryption *has always been* legal, and the
President can't change the First Amendment merely by decree.
What it *did* say was:
	In making this decision, I do not intend to prevent the
	private sector from developing, or the government from approving,
	other microcircuits or algorithms that are equally effective in
	assuring both privacy and a secure key- escrow system.
which clearly means "We're making encryption illegal unless we get your keys.
Soon.  Once business buys into this."

Another thing it didn't say is "We're going to ask Congress for money
to do *lots* more wiretapping", because of course, there's a budget crisis,
and Congress might debate the policy issues or not give them the cash.
What it *did* say was:
   The Attorney General will procure and utilize encryption devices to
   the extent needed to preserve the government's ability to conduct
   lawful electronic surveillance and to fulfill the need for secure
   law enforcement communications.  Further, the Attorney General
   shall utilize funds from the Department of Justice Asset Forfeiture
   Super Surplus Fund to effect this purchase.
which means "We've got money Congress can't control and we're going to
buy lots of wiretapping equipment with it to detect NON-APPROVED CRYPTO
(that's what "preserve the government's ability to conduct ... surveillance"
means.)


Mark Kromer, on the Thu, 15 Apr 1993 00:42:46 GMT wibbled:

: >Does the "amount of exhaust allowed to leave the engine through the
: >exhaust pipe" make that much of a difference? the amount of air/fuel
: >mixture that a cylender sucks in (tries to suck in) depends on the
: >speed of the piston when it goes down.

: ...and the pressure in the cylinder at the end of the exhaust stroke.

: With a poor exhaust system, this pressure may be above atmospheric.
: With a pipe that scavenges well this may be substantially below
: atmospheric.  This effect will vary with rpm depending on the tune of
: the pipe; some pipes combined with large valve overlap can actually
: reverse the intake flow and blow mixture out of the carb when outside
: the pipes effective rev range.

: >Now, my question is which one provides more resistence as far as the
: >engine is conserned:
: >) resistance that the exhaust provides
: >) or the resistance that results from the bike trying to push itself and
: >  the rider

: Two completely different things.  The state of the pipe determines how
: much power the motor can make.  The load of the bike determines how
: much power the motor needs to make.

: --
: - )V(ark)<  FZR400 Pilot / ZX900 Payload / RD400 Mechanic
:                    You're welcome.

Well I, for one, am so very glad that I have fuel injection!  All those
needles and orifices and venturi and pressures... It's worse than school human
biology reproduction lessons (sex).  Always made me feel a bit queasy.
--

Nick (the Simple Minded Biker)   DoD 1069   Concise Oxford   Tube Rider

M'Lud.


I am very interested in investigations of starvation for improving health.
I am the young Russian reseacher  and have highest medical education
 and expierence in reseach work in biological field and would like
 to work on this problem.
Can anybody send me the adresses of the hospitals or Medical Centers where
scientific problems of human starvation for the health are investigated?
Also I would like to set scientific contacts with colleagues who
deals with investigations in this field.
I would be very appreciated anyone reply me.

Pls, contact by post: 142292, Russia,
                        Moscow Region,
                        Puschino,
                        P.O. box 46,
                        for Kravchenko N.      ;

       or by e-mail: kutuzova@venus.iteb.serpukhov.su


	I don't see the effort to equate salvation with paradise.

	Rather, I see implied the fact that only those who are saved
may enter paradise.


You must not be old enough to remember the A's in KC!


One can feel physical pain by having a body, which, if you know the
doctrine of the resurrection of the body, is what people will have after
the great judgement.  "We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the
life of the world to come."  - Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed.  You
will have both body and soul in hell - eventually.


Hmmm...intersting (and long) message, but TWICE? Well, I don't care for
libertarianism, but that is a philisophical disagreement, not a tactical
one. Reform of existing laws would be an awfully good idea. You wouldn't
believe some of the outrageous things the guardians of our two party
system do to shut out dissent.
============================================================================
David Matthew Deane (deane@binah.cc.brandeis.edu)


Clinton has backed off from the $16 billion jobs bill.

	Word is he's paring it down to the core: jobless benefits, money for
creating full time jobs (ie, no summer jobs money).

	Chalk one up for holding the line on spending.


: There is a new version of the RTrace ray-tracing package (8.2.0) at
: asterix.inescn.pt [192.35.246.17] in directory pub/RTrace.
: Check the README file.

cant seem to reach the site from over here:


The FBI released large amounts of CS tear gas into the compound in
Waco.  CS tear gas is a fine power.  Is CS inflammable.  Grain dust
suspended in air can form an explosive mixture, will CS suspended in air
form an explosive mix? Could large quantities of CS have fueled the
rapid spread of fire in the compound?

Please note I am directing all followups to talk.politics.guns


Oddly, enough,  The smithsonian calls the lindbergh years
the golden age of flight.  I would call it the granite years,
reflecting the primitive nature of it.  It was  romantic,
swashbuckling daredevils,  "those daring young men in their flying
machines".  But in reality, it sucked.  Death was a highly likely
occurence,  and  the environment blew.  Ever see the early navy
pressure suits,  they were modified  diving suits.  You were ready to
star in "plan 9 from outer space".   Radios  and Nav AIds were
a joke,  and engines ran on castor oil.  They  picked and called aviators
"men with iron stomachs",  and it wasn't due to vertigo.

Oddly enough, now we are in the golden age of flight.  I can hop the
shuttle to NY for $90 bucks,  now that's golden.

Mercury gemini, and apollo were romantic,  but let's be honest.
Peeing in bags,  having plastic bags glued to your butt everytime
you needed a bowel movement.  Living for days inside a VW Bug.
Romantic,  but not commercial.   The DC-X  points out a most likely
new golden age.  An age where  fat cigar smoking business men in
loud polyester space suits will fill the skys with strip malls
and used space ship lots.

hhhmmmmm,  maybe i'll  retract that golden age bit.   Maybe it was
better in the old days.  Of course, then we'll have  wally schirra
telling his great grand children, "In my day,  we walked on the moon.
Every day.  Miles.  no buses.  you kids got it soft".


As it says, I'm interested in buying one of the little
label-makers, and I can't afford a new one.  Anybody
tired of theirs?

E-mail Maureen gt1706a@prism.gatech.edu


I wholeheartedly agree.  Knowing that WE have let our law enforcement agencies
seize our property against the Fifth Amendment of OUR Constitution tells me that
we are absolving ourselves of our responsibility for SELF-GOVERNANCE.  WE have
to take our government back from the self-serving politicians who create laws
and rules only to better their positions within the government.  WE have allowed
them to take too much power from the people of this nation.  That situation has
to be changed.

Allowing the law enforcement agencies to use the seized property to pay-off drug
informants who lie and continue to deal in drugs is tantamount to making a pact
with the Devil himself.  It's a vicious cycle.  The law enforcement agencies are
motivated to seize property to fund their own activities.  And having no easy
way for the citizen to regain the property intact once taken gives even more
incentive for the agencies to take property.

It's also interesting to note that two months ago Rush Limbaugh said that
Clinton would have the "plumbers" out in force shortly.  Clinton and his
henchmen firmly believe in strong ubiquitous government control.  Anytime a
leader believes in that, the leader will use every means possible to retain that
control and take more.

WE have to take OUR government back.  Otherwise we will end up living in the
equivalent of a high-tech third world dictatorship.  We have to take
responsibility for ourselves, our personal welfare, and our actions.


  Actually, my atheism is based on ignorance.  Ignorance of the
  existence of any god.  Don't fall into the "atheists don't believe
  because of their pride" mistake.

/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\

Bob Beauchaine bobbe@vice.ICO.TEK.COM

They said that Queens could stay, they blew the Bronx away,
and sank Manhattan out at sea.


Time to clear out some miscellaneous lenses, cameras and photo stuff
that's not being used.  Some are gems, some are mundane.

Minolta AF 50/1.7 lens for Maxxum cameras.  New lens, but I guess it'd
be best to call it a "demo" since I did not get the literature, box or
warranty cards.  $30.

Vivitar 2X converter for Nikon F or AI lenses.  Pretty cute "flip back"
tang so it will work with all manual focus Nikon lenses - and bodies.
It will even couple (and double) a non-AI lens to an AI body.  $15.

Pentax 50/1.4 screwmount lens.  Well actually it's a Super-Takumar which
is what they all were back then.  Very mint condition.  $25. Nice hard
case for this lens $5 more..

Alpex 135/2.8 lens.  Beautifully made, all metal construction with fine
optics.  Minolta mount.  $25.  Another hard case that fits this with
strap can be added..call it $7 more.

Vivitar 283 flash.  The one that made Vivitar famous (until the 285
eclipsed it).  Tilt head, removable sensor, variable auto exposure.
$30.

Universal "Roamer 63" folding old "bellows" camera with leather case.
Uses 120 or 620 film, 100mm F6.3 lens.  Kinda cool articulated shutter
release.  Decent shape.  $20.

Weston 540 lightmeter.  Nothin super fancy, but it works well, and is a
good cross check to built in meters.  $7 with case and strap.

And finally..the "gems"

Pentax Auto 110 camera with 24mm F2.8 lens.  This is the little
(and I do mean TINY) SLR that Pentax made.  Has interchangeable lenses,
but try and find the 20-40 zoom, true through the lens viewing with
split image focus, and completely auto exposure.  $70.

Olympus 35RC rangefinder camera.  A really cute little camera with 42mm
lens (F2.8) with built in manual or auto exposure, self timer etc.  I
think this was the predecessor to the XA - and it's nearly all metal.
I won't mind holding onto this one if it doesn't sell.  $60.

Olympus OM-1 with flash shoe, leatherette case, 50/1.4 Zuiko lens, and
Tokina SD (Super Dispersion) 70-210 lens.  These are all in very nice to
mint condition, except for one little ding on the OM body near the film
advance lever.  Lenses are perfect, and the Tokina is a very compact,
and sharp lens.  $225 for the set.

That'll do to clean out some of the stuff.  Feel free to offer on this
stuff, although the cheaper stuff is priced to cover my hassle in
shipping it..

For more details call or email.


Much of the OT prophecies have a double application: to the Jewish
captivity, and to the end of time.  But if Rev. is dated at AD96 its
prophecies could not apply to the AD70 destructioin of Jerusalem.


Internal DOS commands (certainly 3.3 and before) do not set the exit
code. This is a royal pain if you want to do anything which checks for
successful deletions etc. The best suggestion is to use 4dos which
does return you exit codes. It also has move command,

	Simon.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Simon Rowe,                                   srowe@fulcrum.co.uk
Fulcrum Communications Ltd,
Birmingham,			         Condition "BRAIN_OVERLOAD$" raised at
ENGLAND.				 5412(0)/12234


   After hearing about the McGovern House story on Paul Harvey I never had any
idea how much it was worth.  The autograph is on a Senate Pass card
and is signed 'John Kennedy.'  I don't remember if it was signed
'Senator John Kennedy' or whether or not it was dated, because I haven't
looked at it in quite a while.  Currently it is in a safety deposit box.
I would rather sell to a private collector rather then go through an auction
house such as Christy's since that would tend to take away from the profit.
If you (or any collector you may know) has an interest in this please send
me an e-mail expressing your interest.  I will see what I can do to make
a scanned gif of it available to prospective buyers.


I stand corrected.  This is all from memory, mind you  :-)

Yeah, that's what I was trying to say.  No, REALLY!


Would the sub-orbital version be suitable as-is (or "as-will-be") for use
as a reuseable sounding rocket?

Thank Ghod! I had thought that Spacelifter would definitely be the
bastard Son of NLS.

(And just as a reminder:)


I have a question about tires for my Guzzi. It is a '75 850-T. The tires that
were on it when I just bought it are old and cracked. I do not have an
owners manual for it (yet), but the tires listed in the Haynes manual are:
Front, 3,50 H 18 ; Rear 4.10 H 18, and pressures recommended are 26 front and
33 rear. Oddly, the pressure for the same tire on the T-3 is listed at 29 psi
instead. Anyone know the reason? As I know though, the pressure I should run
at is that recommended by the manufacturer of the new tires I purchase.

The real question I have is this. The old tires that are on the bike are for
the front, a Metzler Touring Special, 4.10 H 18, and for the rear an Avon
Roadrunner 4.70 H 18, (120/90) H 18 as marked on each tire. Both are larger
than that listed in the Haynes Manual. What does the owners manual recommend,
and was it common to go up one size for this bike? Also, this will be my first
motorcycle with innertubes. Any comments on the various manufacturers inner
tube qualities?

The above sizes are inches (except for the additional mark on the current
rear tire). What is the best metric match? The local BMW dealer thought
100/90 H 18 on the front and 120/90 H 18 on the back. He also happens to be
very good at getting close to matching mail order prices.

I am thinking of going with a Metzler ME33 Laser (possibly Comp K) on the
front and ME88 on the back, both in MBS variety if possible (the longer
lasting belting system). I already use the ME33 on both the Vision and
FJ for the front, and like it, and I thought that with the shaft drive
behavior and torque from the Guzzi that the ME88 might give more predictable
back end control and sliding behavior than a ME55 might, as well as giving
much better tire milage life. Any comments?

A friend told me he thought that my bike had Boranni rims which are very
good, but are relatively soft and have delicate sidewalls. I do not wish to
mount the tires myself this first time, so aside from warning the shop to be
careful, any other comments I should make? I havn't looked at the rim to
check out the make yet, if it is marked. He just told me late yesterday and
I havn't had a chance to check the rim type.

On another note. I will remove the ugly (but in good shape....anyone want it?)
Vetter fairing, and I will run without a windscreen for a while, but eventually
I would like a simple rounded cafe' style quarter fairing for it. It could be
fork/handlebar mounted. Any suggestions? Is there such a thing as a frame
mounted quarter fairing of the cafe' style for this bike? How about lower
bars/clip-ons for it? I would like to restore the bike into a good condition
runner with a few modern updates, but while not being historically exactly
accurate still have it reflect relatively well a representation of the cafe'
style. (Yes I know to be picky, that period really predates this bike....it is
just that this bike has such potential for _that_ look.)

-----------------------------Edward Walsh----Hewlett-Packard Company-------
                             edw@boi.hp.com  Disk Memory Division, MS475
                             (208)323-2174   P.O. Box 15  Boise,Idaho 83707
                             89FJ1200;82XZ550RJ(Vision);75Guzzi850-T;DoD#98


Try sizeit.zip from ftp.cica.indiana.edu [129.79.20.84] in the directory
ftp/pub/pc/win3/desktop. It's freeware.

Also noticed there a program called sizer110.zip, which from the description
looks like it also does what you want.

Hope this helps.


	The information in the packets isn't necessarily
distinctive -- you need to know that it is an X11 connection.
	-- Ethan


  There was an interesting article in Scientific American some time ago
about breathing liquid. (It was a few months before _The Abyss_ came out.)
As far as I can remember, they mentioned three things that were difficult
to do at once with a substitute breathing fluid:
  - low viscosity --- if it's too difficult to force the fluid in & out
    of the lungs, you can't extract enough oxygen to power your own
    breathing effort (let alone anything else)

  - diffusion rate --- obviously, not all the air in your lungs is
    expelled when you breathe out; and the part that isn't expelled
    is the part that's nearest the walls of the alveoli. (alveolus?)
    So the trip from the blood vessels to the new air has to be done
    by diffusion of the gas through the fluid. Apparently oxygen
    tends to diffuse more readily than CO2, so even if you can get enough
    oxygen in, you might not be able to get enough CO2 out.

  - oxygen/CO2 capacity --- you have to be able to dissolve enough
    gas per unit volume.

  Oh, and of course, your new breathing fluid must not irritate the lungs
or interfere with their healing or anything like that...


Trying to pin point a hardware problem with my disk, Maxtor
7213AT.  Group files get corrupted on a regular basis.
Only happens on this drive, D had only one corrupt file
in over a year and it was under the control of winword on C.
32-bit disk access and smartdrive are off.  Since installation
of dblspace problem has turned from an annoyance to a reason for
murder.

Since the most frequent files corrupted are the *.grp files,
are these the last thing written to when exitting Windows?

Also, are there any pd/shareware utilities available that do
a more thorough job than dos 6, NDD 4.5, etc?  DOS 6 and
Win 3.1 compatable.

Thanks


The equation of the sphere through the 4 points (x1,y1,z1),...,(x4,y4,z4) is
  | x^2+y^2+z^2  x1^2+y1^2+z1^2  ...  x4^2+y4^2+z4^2 |
  |      x             x1        ...        x4       |
  |      y             y1        ...        y4       | = 0
  |      z             z1        ...        z4       |
  |      1             1         ...        1        |
When this 5 by 5 determininant is expanded on its first column you get the
equation in the form
  A(x^2+y^2+z^2) + Bx + Cy + Dz + E = 0
If you need the center and radius, jyst divide through by A (it cannot be
zero if the 4 given points form a non-degenerate tetrahedron) and complete
the square on x, y, and z to obtain
  (x-xc)^2 + (y-yc)^2 + (z-zc)^2 = r^2


:>Top Ten Ways Slick Willie Could Improve His Standing With Americans
:>
:>10. Institute a national sales tax to pay for the socialization of
:>    America's health care resources.
:>
:>9.  Declare war on Serbia. Reenact the draft.
:>
:>8.  Stimulate the economy with massive income transfers to Democtratic
:>    constituencies.
:>
:>7.  Appoint an unrepetent socialist like Mario Cuomo to the Suprmeme Court.
:>
:>6.  Focus like a laser beam on gays in the military.
:>
:>5.  Put Hillary in charge of the Ministry of Truth and move Stephanopoulos
:>    over to socialzed health care.
:>
:>4.  Balance the budget through confiscatory taxation.
:>
:>3.  Remind everyone, again, how despite the Democrats holding the
:>    Presidency, the majority of seats in the House, and in the Senate,
:>    the Republicans have still managed to block his tax-and-spend programs.
:>
:>2.  Go back to England and get a refresher course in European Socialism.
:>

  ***SNIP***

And the number one way Slick Willie could improve his standing with
Americans...

(Drum roll Anton)

1.  Get himself an appointment with Dr. Kervorkian - and keep it!

--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**        John Kerrigan        a.k.a.  jmkerrig@vela.acs.oakland.edu        **


I am curious:  what does the /double_buffer parameter in smartdrv actually do
for me?  I seem to have less problems in Windows when I leave it out.

Using a PS/2 with an ESDI drive, but also a PS/2 with a SCSI.

Any response is welcome.


I finally got it back, with great thanks to Mark Spiegel for saving and sending
it.

#2	ROB ZETTLER		Season:	4th
Acquired:	'91-92, from Minnesota in dispersal draft
Grade:		C/C-

Zettler gave the Sharks every bit he's got this year; unfortunately, this still
wasn't enough to make him any more than a marginal NHLer, if that.  He works
hard, for sure, but is no better than average on defense, and is prone to
costly penalties and defensive lapses at times, while being basically an
offensive zero (0 goal and 7 assists in 79 games).  He would be hardpressed
to make the team next year.

#3	DAVID WILLIAMS		Season: 2nd
Acquired:	'91-92, free agent from New Jersey
Grade:		C/C-

IMO, Williams was the most valuable defenseman for the Sharks in '91-92,
playing a combination of good offense (3 goals and 25 assists in 56 games) and
good defense.  But he, playing the first part of this season in Kansas City,
was good neither offensively nor defensively this year; it, then, appears that
'91-92 was a fluke.  Although he improved towards the end of the season, he
was prone to being out of position defensively, and did not demonstrate the
playmaking skills that made him the team's leading scorer among defensemen last
year.  He would also be hardpressed to make the team next year.

#4	JAYSON MORE		Season: 2nd
Acquired:	'91-92, from Montreal in expansion draft
Grade:		B+

After being touted as the team's top defensive prospects in training camp
before '91-92, More had a rather disappointing '91-92, as he was not
particularly good defensively, and had just 17 points in 46 games.  He, then,
proceeded to improve his game massively this season, becoming the team's most
reliable defenseman, whom the team can count on night in and night out to play
steady defense and providing occasional (but only occasional) offensive flash.
Offensively, he was even more disappointing than last year (11 points in 73
games), but his defense improved tremendously.  He is probably best as the
defensive part of a defense combination with an offensive defenseman.

#5	NEIL WILKINSON		Season: 4th
Acquired:	'91-92, from Minnesota in dispersal draft
Grade:		B-

Wilkinson was probably the team's top defensive defenseman in '91-92.  However,
partially because of injuries, he was not the same this year, as he missed 25
games total due to nagging knee and back injuries, and seemed to be slowed
even when playing.  He, then, had often to be saved by his defensive partners;
that is, if they are there at all.  But he also had some solid games, and if
he can be complete healthy, he can still be a force.

#6	SANDIS OZOLINSH		Season: 1st
Acquired:	'91-92, 2nd round pick in entry draft
Grade:		I (A)

At the time of his injury (December 30, against the Philadelphia Flyers),
Ozolinsh was well on track to be, IMO, the team's MVP.  A serious knee injury
in that game, though, forced him to miss the rest of the season (47 games),
but he still finished as the team's top scorer among defensemen (23 points),
which, of course, tells more about the lack of offense the Sharks had from
their defensemen, but it also tells of Ozolinsh's abilities.  At the time, he
was playing very good defense along with excellent offense; he was still
susceptible to so-called "rookie mistakes," but was probably the defenseman who
made the least of them on the team, rookie or veteran.  If he can come back
from his injuries, he is ready to be a star.

#19	DOUG ZMOLEK		Season: 1st
Acquired:	'91-92, from Minnesota in dispersal draft
Grade:		B

Zmolek had basically a solid and durable year, being one of the only two Sharks
to play in all 84 games of the season.  He was solid on defense, but
after being billed as an offensive defenseman, he didn't show it (15 points).
He was also prone to penalties, and his 229 penalty minutes was second on the
team; however, that was also an indication that he was fearly when facing tough
physical opponents, and he was at his best when playing physically.  But to
become a fixture in this league, he needs to improve both offensively and
defensively, and cut down on the number of power-plays he gives to opponents.


Dave Kingman is Jewish


Don't have a list of what's been said before, so hopefully not repeating.

How about horizontally mounted oil filters (like on my Ford) that, no
matter how hard you try, will spill out their half quart on the bottom
of the car when you change them?


The only explanation I can think of is that two capacitors in series
can handle twice the output voltage. Sometimes two elco's in antiseries
(you know, positive sides facing eachother) are used to obtain a large
capacitor that can handle positive and negative voltages as well.

So there probably is no design-philosophical reason, but a production-cost
one.

Best 73's


xgetftp-1.2 needs an archie client program.
Does anybody know, where I can get it?


 I apologize for posting this. I thought it was only going to talk.origins.
I also took my definitions from a 1938 Websters.
 Nonetheless, the apparent past arguments over these words imply that like
'bimonthly' and 'biweekly' they have no commonly accepted definitions and
should be used with care.


: First off they could recognise Iraqu's responsibility in initiating the
: Iran/Iraq war. Providing technical assistance to Iran to get it's oil
: production back up to capacity would also be a smart move, at the moment
: Iran is above it's OPEC ceiling. If they had extra capacity they would
: use it and bring down the oild price further which is in our interests.

I agree with most of what Phill says, except the point about it being in
our interests to bring down the oil price.  Consider that both the U.S.
and Great Britain have domestic sources to partly satisfy
their energy needs.    Pricy OPEC oil impacts both Germany,
Japan and many other "industrial rivals" more than these two.
In addition, the proceeds from the sale (especially by Saudi Arabia, Kuwait
U.A.E. etc) are disproportionately reinvested in the U.S. and G.B.,
propping up these economies and further providing an incentive
to keep prices from falling too low.


Are you sure you're running in 386-enhanced mode? (Windows 3.1
takes more memory...)


 I spoke with the author of MacWireFrame earlier today. The cost is $299, but there
 are no license royalties. His name is Eric Johnson in Sacramento, CA phone
 916/737-1550. He doesn't have email. Very nice guy... very knowledgeable about
 graphics. Seems like he may have a decent package. It's an Object Pascal Framework
 that supposedly has a fairly complete set of geometry creation classes.
 I'm going to check it out and see if it's got what I need for my CAD package.

 I also found another package: 3D Graphic Tools by Micro System Options in Seattle.
 The number is: 206/868-5418, also no email. The package is strong at ray tracing,
 I'm not too sure about its geometry creation tools. I also need to look into this
 package some more. I also spoke with the author, Mark Owens, another nice
 guy that seems to know his business. The price is $249, no royalties.


Following a series of miscarriages, my wife was given a transfusion of
my white cells. (The theory as I understand it is that there is some kind
of immune blocking that prevents the body from attacking the pregnancy as
it normally would a "foreign" body. Where this blocking is deficient, the
body evicts the "intruder", resulting in a miscarriage. The white cells
apparently enhance the blocking capability.) Following the transfusion, she
successfully carried the next pregnancy to term, and Jake is now an active
9 month-old who cannot wait to walk.
     We're now thinking about having another child, but no one (including
the OBGYN who supervised the first transfusion) really seems to know
whether or not the transfusion process needs to be repeated for successive
pregnancies.
     Is there anyone in net-land who has experience with this?
Thanks...Gene (and Jane and Jake)


They don't have a conflict because technically LPT1: does not use
IRQ7!.
     The Parallel printer processor (the actual number escapes
me) contains a printer control register which enables the chip
to transmit an interrupt to the interrupt controller as IRQ7,
then onto the main processor as Int 0x0F. By default the parallel
printer processor does not enable it's interrupt line therefore
no Int 0x0F's will be sourced from the printer controller chip,
thus enabling other devices to use the actual IRQ7.

     Note, this applies to COM ports also which by default do not
route interrupts to the system bus, although COM's software
usually enable this feature as it make monitoring COM port
activity easier than polling the serial UART, thus probably
getting the sound card slighty confused!.


Try FTP-ing at
 pub-info.jpl.nasa.gov  (128.149.6.2) (simple dir-structure)

and  ames.arc.nasa.gov
at /pub/SPACE/GIF and /pub/SPACE/JPEG
sorry only 8 bits gifs and jpegs :-( great piccy's though (try the *x.gif
files they're semi-huge gif89a files)
                           ^^-watch out gif89a dead ahead!!!
Good-luck (good software to be found out-there too)

Jurriaan

JHWITTEN@CS.RUU.NL


May we interpret this as an offer to volunteer as editor for a
"Copy protection FAQ" ? I am quite sure that I am not alone welcoming such
an initiative! *I* will volunteer to ask some of the questions, if you will
provide the answers :-)


Please excuse and redirect me if this has already been answered, but is
there a small utility that switches the functionality of the caps-lock
key and the ctrl key on the powerbook keyboard?  I use the ctrl key far
more than caps-lock, so it would be more convenient and comfortable.
Thank you for any help,
Scott Farrar


Strictly speaking, you're right - we can't repent _for_ somebody else,
for what they've done.  I guess I don't think it's out of line to talk
about a generalized repentence for our contribution to or participation
in "The sins of society" , or for our tacit approval (by our silence) of
sinful attitudes or practices....it may be that we're also just plain
begging for mercy, hoping God will withhold his hand of judgement on
our whole country for the sake of a few, much as Abraham sought to do
for the sake of Lot.  (Hmmm, the results there were pretty cautionary...)

A few times lately when I've observed some either out-and-out sinful
activity, or just some self-destructive activity, I've gotten a strong
impression that many folks really don't know any better.  Christ's pity
on the crowds as being "like sheep without a shepherd" rings true to me.
If these folks don't have a clue, do I bear _any_ responsibility for my
not having communicated a better way?  Worse still; have I expressed
judgement and disgust at their doings, and thus alienated them from any
positive relationship whereby I might pass along anything positive?
I _know_ I've got something to repent about on that score.

Anyway, it's a real interesting question.


Has anybody generated an X server for Windows NT?  If so, are you willing
to share your config file and other tricks necessary to make it work?

Thanks for any information.


Punch Imlach's contributions as a coach and GM were far greater than
those of the above combined.  Should we name a division or trophy after
him?  Smythe and Norris and the bunch were honoured purely because they
were powerful owners.  As owners they certainly did help to build the
league but whether they developed the game is another question altogether.
Are we going to honour those who contributed to the league's evolution
or are we going to honour those who contributed to the glory of the
sport itself?

I can't disagree with you here.

What have you heard?  The Major was the *definitive* little asshole!  He
originated the phrase "if you can't beat 'em in the alley you can't beat
'em on the ice."  That was his idea of hockey.  Do you think, by chance,
that Don Cherry is a classy individual?

The money issue is irrelevant to the point that we would agree on, and
that is: "it is the players that are what make the game great and not the
people who put them on the ice"

Exactly true.  Naming divisions and trophies after Smythe and the bunch
is the same kind of nepotism that put Stein in the hall of fame.  I have
always thought that this was nonsense.

--


briefly, since i'm off to sleep.

mle's work pretty well for AA nd AAA players.

players who are 22 and younger will tend to have explosions
 in their numbers, whether mMLE's or not, in the next 2 years...

players who are 26 and OLDER, at those levels, generally have
 inflated MLE's.

they're about as reliable as having major league stats for a player.


I'm getting a sad Mac icon on a black screen with the error code 0300FF.
Could someone please tell me what's wrong?  Memory?

Thanks a lot. I'd appreciate it infinitely...


{Send follow ups to comp.sys.mac.advocacy. Sorry about the header but the
Pnews here does not let one easily change the headers and I gave up after a
year of trying. This sheet is also available by FTP on sumex-aim.stanford.edu
(36.44.0.6) in the info-mac/report as mac-ibm-compare177.txt.}
Mac & IBM Info-Version 1.7.7

The reason for this general data sheet is to consolidate and condense the
information out there, so that people in both camps can be clear and accurate
about what they are saying about their machines.  Since computer technology
is always changing there are always going to be points in which the sheet will
be lacking or incorrect on information.  So, please just don't say the sheet
is incomplete or incorrect but also give me clear and concise information to
make the needed corrections.  All prices are in US dollars.
To keep this data sheet organized please provide, if possible, article
citations for the information provided or corrected and keep the opinions to
a minimum.  As this is a general data sheet, keep the info provided simple so
I can understand what is being talked about and can explain it to others.
Finally, keep the information relevant to the section corrected {For example,
OS code in ROM is software contained in hardware, so no more of the 'but it
is supported in OS disk software' data for the hardware section, please}.
Thank you.
Note:  for proper reading off line this document should be in 9 point Monaco.

Special thanks to ANDREW@aardvark.ucs.uoknor.edu (Chihuahua Charlie),
andrew@frip.wv.tek.com (Andrew Klossner), bell-peter@YALE.EDU (Peter Bell),
bcoleman@hayes.com (Bill Coleman), cj00+@andrew.cmu.edu (Carl B Jabido), d88-
jwa@nada.kth.se (Jon Wtte) ephraim@Think.COM (Ephraim Vishniac),
fj05+@andrew.cmu.edu (Faisal Nameer Jawdat), gsidler@cafe.eecs.nwu.edu
(Gabriel Sidler), julian@deepthnk.kiwi.gen.nz (Julian Harris),
Erick.Krueger@um.cc.umich.edu, krueger@engin.umich.edu,
matt@wardsgi.med.yale.edu (Matt Healy), mark@bilpin.co.uk (Mark Allerton),
jokim@jarthur.claremont.edu (John H. Kim), mem@jhufos.pha.jhu.edu (Mel
Martinez), nan@matt.ksu.ksu.edu (Nan Zou), pwagner%us.oracle.com,
s_fuller@iastate.edu, strobl@gmd.de (Wolfgang Strobl),
jkirvin@pafosu1.hq.af.mil, phill@ichips.intel.com,
shaikha@duvm.ocs.drexel.edu, sxjcb@orca.alaska.edu (Jay C. Beavers), Lewis
Kawecki@novell.com, lamont@catfish16.rtsg.mot.com (Bradley Lamont),
cerro@mbcl.rutgers.edu ("Cerro, Joseph A"), mpark@utmem1.utmem.edu (Mel Park),
logullo@applelink.apple.com (Jeff Logullo), zrai02@hou.amoco.com (Robert
Irlbeck), and mikew@apple.com for providing some of the information that made
this list possible.
 Contents
CPUs
Hardware
 Monitor support
 Expansion
Operating system
 OS Number Crunching
Networking & Printing

The CPUs
 Note: I am only showing Motorola & Intel CPUs used in Mac and most IBM/PC
clone machines. For example, since Apple never used the Motorola 68008 and
68010 in the Mac these chips are not listed. Years only appear with dead CPUs
and indicate first to last year used as a CPU.
Cache note:  both IBM and Mac use caches external to the CPUs. These external
caches increase the speed of the CPU but are not a part of it.  In most of
the present Macs there are external caches built-in while with IBM they are
optional {Though machines are generally sold with them installed}.  Since
there are many different external caches {CPU-Mac and IBM; SCSI, video, disk
and static RAM-Mac}, each having a different effect on CPU performance, and
they are machine {32KB static RAM cache in IIci, IIfx, and IIvx}, seller
{cache card installed in some IIcis} or expansion {IIci cache cards go up to
128KB} dependent, I have decided to leave them out of the list.
Note:  ALU is industry's de-facto standard for CPU bit classification.
IBM     ALU  Registers    External     CPU     Features/
CPU                     bus  address  cache    Notes
8088(6) 16      16    8 (16)   20     none     {1981-9} {198?-9}
80186   16      16      16     20     none     {198?-9?} segmenting
80286   16      16      16     24     none     80186 + Protected Mode
80386   32      32      32     32     none     MMU & 32-bit Protected Mode
486sx   32      32      32     32    one 8K    80486 - FPU
80486   32      32      32     32    one 8K    80386 & FPU
486dx2  32      32      32     32    one 8K    doubled internal clock rate*
486dx3  being demoed. 20/60 MHz, 25/75 MHz, and 33/99 MHz planned.
Pentium 32      32      64     32    16K code, CISC chip with RISC-like
   5                                 16K data  features, 2-issue superscalar,
 [P 5]                                         386 Write-Back, 64-bit
                                               FPU path, pipelining; Speed:
                                               SPECint92: 64.5; SPECfp92:
                                               56.9**

386sx: 386 chip with 32-bit internal/16-bit external architecture.
286 and 386sx chips can address to 16MB maximum RAM.
386sl: low power(3.3V) 386sx with built-in power management.  Used mainly on
laptops.
386slc: IBM 5V 386sx with a 16k on-chip cache added (John H. Kim).  As far as
John H. Kim knows it is only used on IBM models.
486slc: Neither of two chips that have this name have a FPU.  Cyrix: basically
486sx in 386sx socket with 1k cache and improved integer math speed.  IBM:
equivalent to the 486sx except it has a 16k on-chip cache.

* ex. for 486dx2/50, chip runs 50 MHz rest of machine runs at 25 MHz.
***(PC Week 04/12/93; PC Mag 4/27/93:138) "The latest in a line of CISC chips"
(PC Mag 4/27/93:110)  Samples released March 22, 1993, but machines will not
be announced until at least May 1993 (PC Week 2/08/93).  $1000 a CPU; systems
$5000 and up (PC Mag 4/27/93:110).

Mac     ALU  Registers    External     CPU     Features/
CPU                     bus  address  cache*   Notes
68000   16      32      16     24      none    {1984-1993} 16MB limit**
68020   32      32      32     32    256 code  {1987-1992} parallel processing
68030   32      32      32     32    two 256   68020 + MMU, 16K burst mode
68LC040 32      32      32     32     two 4K   68040 - FPU
68040   32      32      32     32     two 4K   MMU, FPU, pipelining, doubled
                                               internal clock rate***
68050	development discontinued in favor of 68060
68060   32      32      32     32     Branch   68040 + a better FPU,
                                      target   superscaler pipelining, cache
                                               line bursts, equivalent
                                               capabilities & speeds to
                                               Pentium*#

*includes data and instruction {code} caches.  The 68030, 68LC040, & 68040
have built-in caches for both.
**68000 Mac designs created a 4MB limit.
***The 040 has 2 clocks, an internal processor clock [PCLK] that is 2x freq of
external bus clock [BCLK] which is the one used to rate the chips
(Bradley Lamont; Motorola 68040 data book).  Some compilers produce programs
sensitive to the PCLK and so they act as if the 68040 was a clock doubler
chip, but this very compiler and program dependent.  Compliers maybe written
to allow programs to take consitant advantage of the 68040's PCLK in the
future.  As it is now, studies such as one in a Byte article {which showed
040/25 ~486/50 and roughly ~486dx2/50} are very dependent on the machine, OS,
and programs tested and as such are not representative of general performance.
*#Motorola claims (PC Week 09/07/92; 09/14/92).

As the PowerPCs are to be in both IBM and Mac machines I have listed them
separately to eliminate redundancy.  They are Motorola CPU RISC chips.

PowerPC ALU  Registers    External     CPU     Features/
CPU                     bus  address  cache    Notes
MC98601 32      32    32 int   64     32K      Speed:  SPECint92: 50;
 [601]                32 fp         combined   SPECfp92: 80*
                                      I/D
MC98603: low power MC98601 for desktop & portable systems. Out by end of 1993.
 [603]
MC98604: high performance MC98601 for high end machines. Out by 1st Q 1994.
 [604]
MC98620 64      64    32 int   64     32K      Out by mid 1994.
 [620]                32 fp         combined
                                      I/D

*(PC Week 04/12/93; PC Mag 4/27/93:138).  Select venders were sent sample
MC98601 chips by Motorola 2/93 (PC Week 2/08/93), and some NuBus boards
containing early samples of PowerPC 601 have been given to Apple's "A-list"
developers (PC Week 12/7/92; MacWeek 12/14/92).  MC98601/50MHz-$280;
MC98601/66MHz-$374 (PC Week 4/12/93).  Systems: ~$3500 with ~$2000 versions
out by mid 1994 (PC Week 4/12/93).

CPUs Comparison List
As a general rule of thumb Motorola chips are faster than Intel chips at the
same frequency {030/25 ~= 386/33; 040/25 ~= 486dx/50}, but Intel has chips at
higher frequencies than Motorola, so this evens out.  The Macintosh Bible 4th
ed. supports the comparisons between Intel and Motorola chips for the 68020
and above.

<=80186    ~ 68000 {16-bit vs 16/24/32-bit chip [data path/address
lines/data & address registers].  The 4MB limit on the 68000 Macs brings it
down to the 80186 and lower chips, otherwise it would compare to the 80286.}

286        ~ 68020 {hardware segmenting vs. 68020's 32-bit ALU and these chips
come have no usable built-in MMU unlike their successors [80386, 68030].  The
hardware segmenting's protected mode is used by OS/2 1.0 => and Windows 3.X.
The use of the hardware segmenting and their 16-bit nature put the 286 between
the 60000 and 68030 in features and the LC's 16-bit data path strenghthens the
286 ~ 68020 comparison.}

386       ~ 68030 {Two 32-bit chips with MMUs, and protected memory.  A/UX 3.0
is at present the only Mac OS to use the 68030's protected memory feature for
apps.  System 7.x uses this feature to protect a RAM disk created by the
Memory control panel but this is supported only on Powerbooks and Quadras.
The Color Classic and LCII 16-bit hardware data paths makes the 68030s in them
comparative to 386sxs.}

486sx   ~ 68LC040 {same as 486 and 68040 without the FPU; used as a low cost
solution for people who do not need the FPU.  Only with programs sensitive to
PCLK & pipelining does the 68LC040 behave like 486dx2 - FPU or a '486dx2sx'.}

486     ~ 68040 {two 32-bit microprocessors with built-in FPU, MMU, 8K
internal cache (which is implemented as two 4K caches in the 68040 and one in
the 486).  Only with programs sensitive to PCLK & pipelining does the 68040
behave like a 486dx2.}

Pentium   ~ 68060 {Both are planned to be superscalar but both have heat
problems.  These chips may flounder against the cheaper (PC Week 3/08/93;
4/12/93; PC Mag 4/27/93:110), earlier released (PC Week 12/7/92; MacWeek
12/14/92; PC Week 2/08/93), less leat producing {160 degrees F for Pentium
(PC Mag 4/27/93:118)}, and partly ported to PowerPC chips.}

PowerPC   = PowerPC {This CPU line is planned to run programs from DOS,
Windows 3.x, OS/2 and Mac OS on top of PowerOpen-A/UX 4.0 [UNIX] and later
Pink [Taligent OS] by using emulators or, if necessary, the OSes themselves in
a 'shell' a.k. how SoftPC or OS/2 does DOS.}

Hardware
{In an effort to remove the 'reconfiguring the system almost every time you
add something' requirement for add-in cards, drivers, video, and operating
systems in the IBM world, Intel, Microsoft and 12 other hardware and software
developers are working out 'plug and play' standards (PC Week 03/08/93).}
Color Support/Display
 Mac: 30.24 MHz Pixel Clock standard.  All present Macs support the use of
32-bit color through 32-bit color QuickDraw in ROM.  32-bit color QuickDraw
allows an almost transparent capability to display and edit X-bit images in Y-
bit color and retain ALL the colors of Y-bit color [Where X and Y
independently are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32] regardless of monitor resolution {63
dpi [12" color] to 94 dpi [PaletteBook]} or monitor type {including
autosynchronous VGA, MCGA and SVGA monitors with ranges including 66.7 hz
vertically and 35 kHz horizontally and only a hardware video adaptor (MacUser
Aug 1992: 158-176).  Older machines that supported color {SE/30, II, IIX, and
IIcx} had only 8-bit color in ROM and needed a software patch to use 32-bit
color (MacUser Special 1993:28-29).
To keep costs down and speed up most Macs have only 8 or 16 bit display
capability built-in, but most of those can be expanded to display 24-bit
color.    Presently QuickDraw is optimized for 72 dpi display; QuickDraw QX
will change this.
In addition, QuickDraw allows, in Macs with a NuBus slot, more then one
monitor to be used in any combination, from two monitors showing the same
thing to multiple monitors acting as one large large monitor with any degree
of overlap of the pictures.
VRAM: Video RAM.  Standard for present non-PowerBook Mac's handling of
 built-in video {from a 32-bit color palette}. VRAM provided runs a 8-bit
 color 640x480 display; expandable to 16-bit color or a 8-bit 832x624 display.
Sound output:  Standard in all Macs since the 128K.  Stereo sound became
 standard with the SE/30.

IBM:  Even though PCs have ROM BIOS definitions of how the operating system
interacts with the video hardware (Nan Zou), the use of drivers bypassing
BIOS, video hareware inconsitancies {see Super VGA below} and nonstanderzation
of clone BIOS have left resolution of video display hardware, OS and program
interaction up to the OS and video hardware in question (Faisal Nameer
Jawdat). In addition, IBM and clone makers never bothered to provide a
standard hardware mechanism for software to determine what display mode is
actually present (Matt Healy) nor a standardized screen-drawing toolbox {like
Mac's QD}. As a result the OS must be very well written to detect some modes,
especially with some third party cards or to use them consitantly {At present
things are so dependent on the interaction of the program, OS, print driver
and monitor card that editing 32-bit pictures regardless of color mode, OS,
and monitor type/card combination as one can do on the Mac is impossible with
an IBM.  For example, one cannot edit a 32-bit color picture done on a OS/2
486 with a SVGA monitor on a 386 with VGA {18-bit color palette} and DOS 5.0
and still have ALL the colors one started out with}.
Later IBM machines will have integrated graphics accelerators, faster
processors, and modular upgradeability and may have built-in sound cards, CD
ROM, and Ethernet (PC Week 12/14/92).
MDA: Monocrome Display Adapter
 original character-mapped video mode, no graphics, 80x25 text.
CGA: Color Graphics Array
 320x200 4 colors or 640x200 b/w, 16 color palette, bad for the eyes.
EGA:  Enhanced Graphics Array
 640x350 16 colors from 64 color palette [and some lower res]; some versions
 could run at 256 colors, bearable on the eyes.
VGA:  Video Graphics Array*
 320x200 at 256 colors, 640x480 at 16 colors, and some others, these two are
 the most commonly used.  All modes have a 256K CLUT, from a
 18 to 24-bit {IBM} or a 32-bit {Mac} color palette.  25.175 MHz Pixel Clock
 (Mel Martinez).  Monitors use analog input, incompatible with TTL signals
 from EGA/CGA etc.
MCGA:  Multi-Color Graphics Array*
 subset of VGA that provides all the features of MDA & CGA, but lacks some EGA
 and VGA modes, like VGA 640x480x16 (Dictionary of Computer Terms-DCT).
 Common on the initial PS/1 implementation from IBM and some PS/2 Models.
SVGA:  Super VGA*
 This is not a standard in the way the others were, but instead was a 'catch
 all' category for a group of video cards.  As such, with each manufacturer
 using their own implementation scheme, SVGA was chaos with people debating
 as to what is SVGA and what is not.  In an effort to make SVGA more of a
 standard VESA was established and is used in the newer units, but things
 are still a mess.  Video is either 512K [~1990] or 1M [today], resolution
 of 800x600 and 1024x768 at 16 and 256 colors are common, newer ones [since
 1990] have the Sierra HiColor RAMDAC, giving 15-bit 32,768 colors at 800x600,
 some of the very newer ones [~6/92] can do 24 bits per pixel [usually
 at 640x480].  Speedwise, too much variation, some very slow [Western Digital
 Paradise based, for example], some very fast [S3 86C911 based, for example],
 some are so-so [like Tseng ET4000, a very popular chipset].  Some limiting
 factors overcome by 40MHz VL Bus & 386's linear address mapping were:
 8.33 MHz ISA bus, AT architecture where the CPU looks at the card through a
 64K "window", etc.
Other non-SVGA standards:
8514/a:
 IBM's own standard, interlacing graphics accelerator with graphics functions
 like linedraw, polygon fill, etc. in hardware. Some clone implementations
 from ATI are the fastest video available today, though some clone models do
 not have interlacing.
TMS34010/34020: high end graphics co-processors, usually >$1000, some
 do 24-bit, speeds up vector-oriented graphics like CAD.
XGA:  eXtended Graphics Array
 newer and faster than 8514/a, only available for MCA bus-based PS/2s, clones
 are coming out soon.  Emulates VGA, EGA, and CGA (DCT).  Max resolution at
 1024x768x8b, same as 8514/a, also some 16 bpp modes.
XGA-2
 Accelerates graphics functions up to 20 times faster than standard VGA in
 Windows and OS/2, including line draws, bit and pixel-block transfers, area
 fills, masking and X/Y addressing. Has an intelligent way to detect and co-
 exist with other XGA-2 cards, so multiple desktops like on the Mac may not be
 far away.  Since this is an architecture, its resolution and color depth
 isn't fixed {IBM implements only 16-bit [65,536] color, while other
 companies can have 24-bit color through IBM technical licenses}. Refresh
 rates up to 75 Hz, ensures flicker free, rock solid images to reduce visual
 discomfort, and is VGA compatible. Up to 1280x1024 on OS/2.
*some monitor types usable by Mac-See Mac section above for specific details.

Expansion
Both Mac & IBM
SCSI: only external device expansion interface common to both Mac and IBM.
 Allows the use of any device: hard drive, printer, scanner, Nubus card
 expansion {Mac Plus only}, some monitors, and CD-ROM.
 Main problem:  there are a lot of external devices which are internal
 terminated which causes problems for more then two devises off the SCSI port
 {A SCSI chain is supposed to be terminated ONLY at the begining and at the
 end.  Any other set up causes problems for either Mac or IBM}.
SCSI-1:  7 devices per SCSI controller.  8-bit asynchronous {~1.5MB/s ave}
 and synchronous {5MB/s max} transfers.  Difference is due to SCSI-1 software
 drivers.  "Fast SCSI-1" is a misname for 8-bit SCSI-2 in SCSI-1 mode
 {see SCSI-2 for details}.
SCSI-2: 10 devices per SCSI controller in SCSI-2 mode.  SCSI-2 is fully
 SCSI-1 compliant and 8-bit SCSI-2 tends to be implemented as a very fast
 SCSI-1 since it does not require the different controller interfaces in
 hardware and software that 16 and 32-bit SCSI-2 do.  Transfer speeds are
 4-6MB/s with 10MB/s burst {8-bit}, 8-12MB/s with 20MB/s burst {16-bit}, and
 15-20MB/s with 40MB/s burst {32-bit/wide and fast}.  Since 8-bit SCSI-2 can
 use SCSI-1 software drivers and hardware at 8-bit SCSI-2 speeds and as such
 is limited to 7 devices sometimes it is mistakenly called "fast SCSI-1".
 16-bit fast SCSI-2 requires a SCSI-2 software driver and SCSI-2 electronics
 but can still use the SCSI-1 ports.  Wide 16-bit and 32-bit SCSI-2 require a
 different SCSI port, electronics, and software driver from SCSI-1 {Which
 makes them more expensive than other SCSI interfaces}.
Mac SCSI: asynchronous SCSI-1 built-in standard since the Plus.  Even though
 Apple developed some specifications for SCSI controlers, the OS SCSI Manager
 needs to be rewritten to take full advantage of the features of both SCSI
 interfaces.  As a result present SCSI-2 Macs use 8-bit SCSI-2 as a fast
 asynchronous SCSI-1.  Presently Quadras are the only Macs with a SCSI-2
 controller chip built-in (Digital Review, Oct 21, 1991 v8 n33 p8(1))
 though they lack some other parts of the hardware, like the wide SCSI-2 port
 interface.  Since other Macs require a NuBus card to use SCSI-2, older NuBus
 Macs had a bottleneck due to the speed of the NuBus and CPU.  Rumor-some
 Cyclone Macs {June} will come with a wide & fast SCSI-2 port standard
 and have a rewritten OS SCSI manager.
IBM SCSI:  SCSI-1 is not too wide spread yet, generally not bundled with
 systems, except as add-on {EISA and VESA Local Bus adapters avalable}.
 Like the Mac, 8-bit SCSI-2 is used as a very fast SCSI-1 by most controllers
 out there.  Unlike the Mac, IBM has no exact SCSI controller specifications
 which results in added incompatibilities for SCSI.

Mac
Memory expansion: with a few exceptions the Mac has used non-parity 30-pin
 8-bit SIMM memory expansion since the Plus.  While 32-pin 9-bit parity SIMMs
 could be used in these Macs, only special IIcis could make use of the parity
 feature {By convension both SIMM types are called 32-pin SIMMs}.  The IIfx
 used 64-pin parity SIMMs.  The LC III, C610/650 and Q800 all use a new
 72-pin SIMM that is accessable by 32-bits at a time and is used in IBMs.
 The Mac does a complete memory check at startup by writing/reading every
 memory location; if something is seriously wrong with a SIMM the Mac will
 not boot and give a sound chord indicating what the problem is.
 Since Macs made before Feb 15, 1993 managed memory baced on data path, SIMMs
 had to be installed in pairs {16-bit} or in sets of 4 {32-bit}.  The Centris
 650 and Quadra 800 eliminate this with a new memory management setup that
 allows memory to be upgraded one SIMM at a time.  If the SIMMs are the same
 size are used then the memory is 'interleaved' across the two SIMMs resulting
 in a 10-15% performance boost on RAM access (MacWorld Apr 93: 108-109).
Printers, ADBs, and modems: built-in interfaces standard.
Monitor interface and sound input: built-in on most present macs.
PDS: Available in SE & all present non-Powerbook Macs. 16-bit {SE,
 Portable, LC, LC II, Classic line} and 32-bit.  Operates at CPU's MHz.
 Maximum through put: data path in bytes*CPU's MHz {Q700/900 & C650:
 4 * 25Mhz = 100MB/s; Q800 & Q950: 4 * 33Mhz = 132MB/s}. Standardized with
 the LC and 040 bus designs.  With an adapter one NuBus card can be used in
 IIsi and C610.  Problem: some cards have timing dependency which slows
 through put down.
NuBus Mac II: 32-bit, 10 MHz bus clock, 1-to-1 transaction/bus cycle ratio,
 and contiguous, hand-shake transactions at ~10-20MB/s; theoretical peak:
 40MB/s.  Built-in on all Modular Macs except the LC series, C610, and
 Performa 400.  The SE/30 could be adapted to use this and there was even a
 Mac Plus SCSI NuBus.  Supports every possible expansion from CPU to Ethernet
 to DMA.
NuBus 90: NuBus Mac II back compatable. 20MHz bus clock, avg throughput:
 ~30MB/s; burst mode: 80MB/s.  Future card designs will be 7" instead of the
 old 12".
QuickRing:  A peer-to-peer bus used in parallel with NuBus 90.  Apple's
 VLBus - "Architecture is identical to that of VLBus" (Byte 10/92:128).
 Burst mode: 350MB/s (Byte 10/92:128). In development.
CPU expansion: handled either through the PDS or the NuBus.  Unlike PDS,
 Nubus CPU cards {example-Radius Rocket} allow use of multiple processors at
 the same time.  This is like having two or more Macs in the same box able to
 dual task or joinly process depending on the card or software involved {Each
 NuBus card needs its own memory but most NuBus cards of this type come with
 8MB RAM SIMMs on the card standard}.

IBM
Memory expansion:  parity SIMMs, non-parity SIMMs {some newer models do a Mac-
like SIMM memory check}, or a dozen or so different types of memory boards.

HD Interfaces {limited to hard drives by design or lack of development}:
MFM:  Modified Frequency Modulation, RLL:  Run Length Limited
 only used with smaller [² 60mb] hard drives.
IDE:  Integrated Device Electronics
 Asynchronous {~5MB/s max} and synchronous {8.3MB/s max} transfer.
 currently the most common standard, and is mainly used for medium sized
 drives. Can have more than one hard drive.
ESDI:  Enhanced Small Device Interface
 ~1.25MB/s throughput. generally considered better interface than SCSI-1 in
 many ways but not common enough for practical consideration.  Outside of
 hard drives, device choices are very limited compared to SCSI-1.

BUS interfaces
{New 'plug and play' ISA and EISA compatable cards may have problems working
with old cards (InfoWorld; PC Week 03/08/93; Vaporware 4/93).}
ISA
 8 & 16-bit interfaces common. Has 24-bit data path limit {which produces a
 16MB limit for which there are software workarounds} (PC Mag 4/27/93:105).
 1.5 MB/s (Byte 3/93:132).  Uses edge-triggered interrupts, can't share them,
 hence comes the IRQ conflict.  Limited busmastering capabilities, some cards
 aren't bandwidth limited {COM  ports, LPT ports, game ports, MIDI card, etc.}
 while others are {video and disk controllers}.  Dominant factor, but it's
 showing its age.  Most ISA motherboard designs are 16-bit
 (PC World Feb 1993: 144-5)}.
MCA {Micro Channel}
 IBM's 16 and 32-bit bus; "allows use of more than one CPU in a computer"
 (DCT) and anything can talk to anything, as fast as the two components
 involved can handle it. Never took off because it was incompatible with ISA
 and EISA.  Planned to be bus interface of IBM PowerPC 601 (Carl Jabido).
EISA {NuBus Mac II is closest Mac equivalent}
 32-bit, 8.33 MHz, burst mode: 33MB/s.  It also has the ability to
 self-configure cards like MCA and allows multiple bus masters, sharable
 interrupt and DMA channels and multiple CPU use.
VESA Local Bus: VLB {Sometimes mistakenly refereed to as PDS}
 Local Bus standard. Runs at CPU clock rate,  Burst modes: ~130 MB/s{32-bit}
 250 MB/s{64-bit} (Byte 10/92:128).  Limited to three slots but allows bus
 mastering and will coexist with either ISA or EISA. Consitered ideal for
 video and disk I/O.  DELL has filled a claim that this violates one of
 their patents (Mel Martinez).
QuickRing: Apple's faster {350 MB/s burst} version of VLB architecture
 (Byte 10/92:132).  Might show up in some IBM and PowerPC machines
 (Byte 10/92:132-133). In development.
PCI
 Intel's version of Local Bus that is intended to totally replace
 ISA/EISA/MCA.  In development.

OSes {assumes full installation [print drivers, fonts, Multifinder, etc.]
and multiple application use.}
Mac
512K to 1MB of OS and hardware commands have been put into ROM.  This allows
Apple to control its machine by putting key hooks for the Mac OS {QuickDraw,
menu commands, print, mouse, SCSI & sound drivers, etc} in ROM, which require
clone makers to use the ROM chip or read ROM on to disks {Which requires
access to the proper Mac since different Macs have slightly different ROM
chips; Plus vs Classic for example.}  With key hooks for the OS support
interface in ROM, programers do not have to worry as much whether the disk OS
has the necessary hardware commands or that those commands are consitant and
therefore can write smaller programs.  This also allows Apple greater control
over hardware-software standards and that the disk OS can be smaller and, with
some of the tookbox command code in ROM, with lower RAM requirements then a
totally disk based OS.  Macs use Masked ROM which is as fast as DRAM (Jon
Wtte).
6.0.7: Single program usage base requirements: 1 MB and DD floppy,
 cooperatively-multitasking base requirements: 2MB and HD floppy.
 Features a GUI, cooperative-multitasker [MultiFinder], standard program
 interface, & standard stereo sound support [snd]. Network receiving part of
 AppleShare software is bundled with the OS. Has a 8MB RAM barrier and is a
 24-bit OS. Some third party products allow 14MB of Virtual Memory as long as
 real RAM is below 8MB.
6.0.8: 6.0.7 with 7.0.0 print drivers.
6.0.8L:  System 6 for some Macs that require System 7.0.X.
7.0.X: Base requirements: 2MB, 40MB Hard Drive, and 68000; De-facto standard
 to run all features well: 4MB, 80MB Hard Drive, and 68030 {lowest present
 non-portable Mac configuration}.  Using up to 10.08MB {This is EVERYTHING on
 system disks} of hard disk space this has 6.0.7 features plus program linking
 within and between computers [IAC], built-in server capabilities {Filesharing
 can be used by older OSes using AppleShare Client software and can be
 accessed by 10 macs max; 4-5 is more speed practical, IAC requires 7.X},
 Virtual Memory in machines with MMU{1.6 times real RAM for least noticeable
 IIsi speed degradation}, drag and drop, QuickTime & built-in TrueType
 support.  Supports sound input [AIFF and snd formats] for most present
 machines.  Can access up to 1GB of true RAM and 4GB of virtual memory and is
 both a 24 and 32-bit OS.  To use real RAM beyond 8MB it must be in 32-bit
 mode and on older machines requires the 'Mode 32' extension.  Apple's last
 'free' OS.
7.1.0: 7.0.1 with WorldScript support, speedier, and less RAM usage than
 7.0.dot (MacWeek 8/24/92; 9/14/92; PC Week 9/7/92). To run in 32-bit mode
 on older machines it requires the 'Mode 32' or '32-Bit Enabler' extension.
 Marks the start of Apple saling its Mac OS instead of allowing free upgrades
 {Bundled with new machines, $49 for 7.0.X upgrades, $99 otherwise}.
 [The installer has a bug that when upgrading it may keep some old system
 fonts from the previous system inside the system file.  This can eat up any
 RAM benefits and cause other problems.  Apple itself recommends removing all
 fonts from the system file.]
A/UX 3.0 [UNIX]: Needs 8MB RAM {12-20MB suggested}, 160MB hard drive, and
 a 68030 or 68040 equivalent to run.  This 32-bit preemptive multitasking OS
 is large due to being UNIX and needing translators between it and the Mac
 ROMs.  Price: $709.
Note: sound output was supported in OSes 3.2 to 6.0.5 by many formats
including the following:  snd, WAVE, ASND, FSSD, QSSN, SMSD, SOUN, dc2d, and
DCFL.  In 6.0.7 the sound manager was optimized for the sound standards 'snd'
and AIFF which causes some playback problems for the old formats, though most
still play.

IBM
 Machiness have little GUI code, data, and hooks present in hardware for
programmers to work with, so most of the coding must be provided in the OS.
Since hard disks were slow the disk OS code is read into RAM.  In addition,
what little ROM code there is also read into RAM {a process called Shadow ROM}
This results in faster implementation since RAM is faster then PROMS or
EPROMS.  Having most of the OS code on disk has the advantage of being able to
better optimize the code given a certain piece or collection of hardware which
is harder with a ROM based system due to the 'patches' needed.  In addition it
reduces the need for and size of patches if a major revision of the hardware
support is needed.
Side note:  The FTC charged that MicroSoft formed a OS trust by not providing
all feature documentation for its OSes to developers outside MS and designing
its Windows and DOS apps to fail under OS/2 ("Undocumented Windows") and
"There is deliberate code in [Windows] NT Beta which causes the install to
abort if OS/2 Boot Manager is present" (Gregory Hicks, Info-IBMPC Digest V92
#201).  Due to a conflict of intrest by one member the vote of the FTC
judicial council for action against Microsoft was a tie which resulted in no
action.  Rumors-the FTC will presue the matter, likely to the point of
choosing a new member or whole new council.  In addition the government has
turned down Microsoft's copyright of "Windows" which would allow it to charge
a fee for developers using their hooks (PC Week 03/08/93).
MicroSoft OSes
DOS 5.0: Has a 640K barrier with its own memory manager, a 1 MB barrier
 with third party memory managers.  This 16-bit OS requires that each program
 must provide its own print drivers and be 16-bit {Programs need to be DOS
 Protected Mode Interface (DPMI) compliant and running on a 386dx [32-bit
 Protected Mode] to break these barriers}.  Contains the GUI shell present in
 DOS 4.0.
DOS 6.0: DOS 5.0 with the added features of a built-in file compresion, disk
 defragmenter, debugger for the CONFIG.SYS file. It needs a $80 module for
 networking {Cost: $50 through 5/93, after that $129.99}
 (Byte April 1993:44-46).
DOS 7.0: 32-bit DOS. In development (PC Week 04/05/93).
Window 3.0: Runs on top of DOS.  Breaks 640K and 1M barriers but still has to
 deal with DOS file structure.  Base requirements: 1MB, floppy and 286; to
 run well 2MB, hard drive, 386sx and fast display adapter {> 8-bit}.  Has the
 equivalent of Mac's QD called Windows GDI [Graphics Device Interface].
 This does not have a consistent application interface {Like early Mac
 programs  (1984-1985)} nor a very large program base {compared to DOS} and
 still tends to slow the machine down (Info-IBMPC Digest V92 #186) with speed
 is more dependent on the display adapter then on the CPU (Bill Coleman).
 Window programs tend to be disk and memory hogs compared to their DOS
 counterparts (Byte April 1993:98-108).
Window 3.1: A faster version of Window 3.0 with better memory managment. Base
 requirements 1 MB, hard drive and a 286 ;to run well 2MB, hard drive, 386sx.
 Apple plans to release its print drivers for this (PC Week 12/28/92).
Windows for Workgroups:  To run well: 4MB RAM and 386dx (PC World Feb/93:160).
 Intermediary between Win 3.1 and Windows NT.  It is basically Windows 3.1
 with built-in peer to peer networking support.
Windows NT:  Beta release takes about 50MB of disk space [including the
 swap file], and 12MB RAM {Betas are notorious for RAM usage especially in
 the interaction between debuging code and program compliers, hence the
 reports of 24MB requirements}.  Released version supposed to need 8MB RAM
 but, Gates himself now recommends 16MB RAM (PC Week 04/15/92).
 This 32-bit OS has Protected mode multitasking, multithreading, symmetric
 multiprocessing, a recoverable file system, and 32-bit GDI.  Has built in
 networking that is OSF DCE compliant and can handle up to 4GB of RAM.  Even
 though some people see a July 4 release date (InfoWorld Nov 16/92), rumor
 is that the final version will not be available before Oct 1993
 (InfoWorld May 25/92; July 6/92; Vaporware 07/92; 08/92) or 4th quarter 1993
 (PC Week 09/28/92). Windows upgrades will be $295, otherwise $495
 (PC Week 04/15/92; 03/15/93).
Other OSes
PC-DOS 6.0: IBM's version of DOS 6.0.  It runs Windows much faster then DOS
 6.0 due to faster file I/O and video handling (InfoWorld Feb 1, 93).
DR DOS 6.0: same as DOS 5.0 with some extras {like built-in data compression}
 and memory management enhancements. Still has 640K/1MB barrier.  A later
 version {Novell DOS} of this may use a version of the Mac finder and Apple
 file management system (PC Week 12/14/92; InfoWorld Dec 14/92).
OS/2 2.0: Unix like features and unix like requirements; 8-16MB RAM,
 60MB {uses 17-33MB} hard drive, and 386dx CPU. This 32-bit multithreaded,
 multitasking OS can address up to 4GB of RAM but has to use a fast swap file
 to use more than 16 MB RAM on ISA systems using DMA {Direct Memory Access}.
 IBM plans to use Taligent's OOPS in future versions of this
 (InfoWorld Oct 26/92).
AIX:  IBM's UNIX system, planned to be a subset of PowerOpen and Taligent OS.
NeXTStep: GUI UNIX to provide NeXT features on IBM machines.  Beta out, final
 version to be out by May 25, 1993.
Solaris OS for x86: a SunSoft port.  A 32-bit OS with symmetric
 multiprocessing and multithreading, built-in networking capabilities with
 tools to allow remote configuring and adminstration features, and
 communication package.  Client: $795,  50 users server: $1,995, 1000s users
 server: $5,995.  Developer kits-software: $495, hardware: $195.
Mac 7.1 [working name: Star Trek]:  Apple had System 7.0 running off Intel
 Chips and is looking at making a 7.1 version available for IBM
 (ComputerWorld Nov 2/92; MacWeek 03/22/93). At present this is planned to run
 on top of Novell's DR DOS, require a 486 or equivalent to run and that apps
 will need to be recompiled (MacWeek 03/22/93).  Viewed as Novell's answer to
 Windows NT.  The complexity of PC hardware set ups is one reason for slow
 progress {This seems to Apple/IBM's way of leading to the PowerPC line out in
 late 1993/early 1994 and Pink OS in late 1994-early 1995.}

PowerPC
Rumor-IBM will build its PowerPC 601 by late 1993 (InfoWorld June 8 & 15, 92;
MacWeek 7/13/92; PC Week 3/15/93).  It will have MicroChannel bus and XGA
video (Carl B Jabido), and will run native version AIX and Mac apps (PC Week
3/15/93); there have been no comments on compatablity of DOS or Windows apps.
Apple's PowerPC 601 machine {Tesseract} is planned to be out Jan 24, 1994 and
to have MC98601/50 MHz, 4/8MB RAM, a 2.8-Mbyte floppy drive and expected to
sale near LC line prices {~$2000, down from projections of ~$3000 (MacUser
9/92:146)}
(MacWeek 3/22/93).
PowerOpen [A/UX 4.0]: A 32-bit preemtive multitasking OS planned to run on
 PowerPCs and 68030/40 Macs (MacWeek 7/13/92).  Intel compatibility uncertain
 (See Mac 7.1 above).  Planned base requirements:  68030, 8MB RAM, 80MB hard
 drive (MacWeek 4/19/93). Rumor-ahead of schedule; COULD be out by mid 1993.
 Rumor-this could be the OS for IBM's PowerPC 601 which is due by late 1993.
Pink [Taligent OS]: Expecting delivery in 1994 (Wall Street Journal 1/12/92)
 and may have some parts shipping in OS/2 and AIX in 1993 and Mac OS and
 PowerOpen with the PowerPCs (MacWeek 01/25/93).
Windows NT: Possible port (MacWeek 04/05/93).  See IBM OS section for details.
Solaris OS: Version of this Sun Microsystems Inc UNIX OS to run on the
 Power PCs in 1994 (MacWeek 04/05/93).  One of the few OSes to directly state
 that it will run Windows/DOS programs.  IBM OS section for details
NeXTStep: possible port see IBM OS section for details.

OS Number Crunching (Mel Park)
Mac
 Arithmetic is done in a consistent numerical environment {SANE or Standard
Apple Numerics Environment}. Floating point numbers are 96 bits long when an
FPU is present and 80 bits otherwise. Exceptions, such as dividing by zero or
taking the square root of a negative number, do not cause an abort but are
handled in a logically consistent manner. 1/0 produces the internal
representation for infinity (INF).  1/(1/0) produces zero. The above treatment
of 1/(1/0) occurs in an FPU-equipped machine even when SANE is bypassed and
the FPU programmed directly.

IBM
 Floating point numbers are 80-bits with a hardware FPU, 64-bits when
emulated.  The way they are handled is dependent on the coding of whatever
compiler or assembler was used for a program. On older DOS complilers
exceptions could cause program aborts; 1/0 and 1/(1/0) would abort to the DOS
prompt at the point where they occured.  Most present compilers handle this
better.  Result: there is little consistent handling of numbers between DOS,
Windows and OS/2 programs nor between programs for just one OS.

Networking [Includes printing]
WYSIWYG printing can be a problem with either Mac of IBM machines especially
if one sends TrueType fonts to a older style PostScript printer.
Mac
Hardware: Built-in LocalTalk network port and a built-in printer port.
LocalTalk has moderate speeds (230.4 Kb/s) requires special connectors for
each machine ($15 and up) and can be run off of either the printer port {to
include very old macs} or the network port {standard today}.  Built-in
Ethernet is becoming common but many older Macs require a PDS or Nubus card at
about $150-$300 for each machine.  These cards provide three connectors and
transceivers {thick, thin, and 10BaseT} for Ethernet.
The Macintosh Quadra family and some Centris models includes Ethernet
interface on motherboard, with transceivers available. TokenRing has been a
network option since 1989.
Software: AppleTalk {the suite of protocols} standard with Mac OS, which can
use variety of media types.  AppleShare client software included with the OS
as well and can connect to file servers such as Novell Netware, 3Com 3+Open,
Banyan Vines, DEC Pathworks, Apple's AppleShare servers, System 7 File Sharing
machines, and AFP servers running on variety of UNIX hosts.  MacTCP allows
typical TCP/IP communications (telnet, ftp, NFS, rlogin).  A later version
will have Unix X/Open Transport Interface (XTI) built-in by the end of 1993
(MacWeek 04/12/93).  Third-party software to connect to NFS servers.  DEC
Pathworks provides DECnet support.  Peer-to-peer file sharing software
built-in to System 7.1 (See OS section).  Full server software is extra.
Printing requires connection of the printer and the printer being selected in
the chooser.  Changing printers is by selecting a different name in the
chooser.  The same is true of connecting to servers.
Printing bugs:  Monaco TrueType font is different then the screen bitmap font.
 {QuickDraw QX is suppossed to fix this and similar problems.}

IBM
Hardware: LocalTalk [not widely used], Ethernet,  and TokenRing.
Software: Novell Netware, Banyan Vines, DECNet, Windows/Work Groups, AppleTalk
protocols, and AppleShare {subset of AppleTalk}.
Each of the MS-DOS networking schemes are, in general, totally incompatible
with the others. Once you have chosen one, you are pretty much locked-in to
that product line from then on.  Windows/Work Groups is a little more
forgiving and removes some of this problem.  Novell Netware is the biggest,
{~80 percent of the corporate market.} and in general is more powerful and
offers better control/management/security than AppleShare, but it's also more
complex to set up and manage.  This will change due to the use of the Mac
finder and file management system by Novell. (PC Week 12/14/92 & 12/28/92;
InfoWorld Dec 14/92; MacWeek 3/22/93)
Printing {Very OS dependent}
DOS: If it's a single user, then you plug the printer into the parallel port,
 and don't worry about it {Tweeking may be needed with poorly written
 software}.  Network Printing is not controlled by the system, but is mostly
 implemented by the actual program, therefore performance varies from one
 software program to the next.
Windows 3.x: supports standard drivers and can do a good job of showing "jobs"
 in the print queue, but it always lists printers as "active"... even if they
 are not.  This becomes a problem if there are several incompatible printers
 on the same net, because there's no way for software to reliably determine
 which printer is active right now.  Windows for Workgroups is more Mac-like
 and intelligent about this.
OS/2: Mac-like; the os deals with printers, with apps making calls to the OS.
Printing bugs: due to poor programing some programs for all the above OSes do
not have WYSIWYG printing.  This is the fault of the programs in question and
not that of the OS involved.

Price issue: This is very dynamic with Mac providing more build-in features
than IBM and IBM being more 'get only what you need' then Mac and price wars
by both worlds.
The IBM machines' modualar nature prevents any kind of true hardware
standarization, which in turn requires OSes and programs to be very complex to
handle ALL the variation in hardware.  When one adds all the standard Mac
hardware features to an IBM {built-in input/output sound support, SCSI, PDS,
built-in monitor support, built-in networking, standard mouse interface, and
NuBus 90 in higher machines} the Mac tends to be cheaper then an equivalent
equipted IBM machine {Especially since some IBM monitors can be used with Macs
which cuts some more of the Mac's cost (MacUser Aug 1992:158-176)}.
 Some prices using some of the info in this sheet and MacUser April 1993.
All Macs below come with a PDS slot, VRAM, and SCSI-1 built in.  Except where
noted, monitor is extra and a built-in monitor interface is provided {no card
needed except for 24-bit color display}.
IBM planned a $1,200 386SLC/25MHz model with a 60MB hard drive and color VGA
monitor {~VRAM} (MacWeek 8/17/92) {sounds like a Color Classic without SCSI-1,
sound support, built-in network support, FPU socket, built-in expansion to
16-bit color, etc}.
Color Classic:  $1,389 - 030/16MHz with 16-bit data bus {~386sx/20MHz
equivalent}, 4/80, FPU socket, and built-in monitor.
LCIII: $1,499 - 030/25MHz {~386dx/33MHz equivalent}, and 4/160.
Centris 610: $2,899 - 68LC040/20MHz {Depending on the program ~486sx/40 or
~'486dx2sx'/20[40]MHz equivalent}, 8/230, built-in ethernet, 300i CD-ROM, a
PDS/NuBus 90 slot and VRAM for 16-bit color.
Centris 650: 040/25MHz {Depending on the program ~486dx/50 MHz or 486dx2/50
MHz equivalent} with a PDS and 3 NuBus 90 slots. $3,189 {ethernet, 8/80};
$3,559 {ethernet, 8/230}; $3,999 {ethernet, 8/230, CD-ROM, VRAM for 16-bit
color}

Bibliography notes
'Vaporware' is available in the digest/vapor directory by FTP on sumex-
aim.stanford.edu [36.44.0.6] and was by Murphy Sewall {last issue: April 93.}
'Info-IBMPC Digest' back issues are available from wsmr-simtel20.army.mil in
directory PD2:<ARCHIVES.IBMPC>
'Dictionary of Computer Terms 3rd ed.' (ISBM 0-8120-4824-5)

These are the facts as they were known to me on 4/15/93 and may be changed by
new developments, announcements, or corrections.  Corrections to the
information are welcome.
Please email corrections to
CompuServe ID: 72130,3557
AOL: BruceG6069
Internet:  bgrubb@dante.nmsu.edu

Final note: Since there is NO comp.sys.ibm.pc.advocacy group this has been
posted to the closest relevent groups {comp.os.ms-windows.advocacy,
comp.os.os2.advocacy, and comp.sys.ibm.pc.misc}.  Also since some Mac vs IBM
articles have been showing up in comp.sys.mac.hardware I have included that
newsgroup in the posting. {Don't site the comp.sys.mac.* FAQ as a reason not
to post to comp.sys.mac.hardware, since the FAQ itself does not follow
internet guidelines, especially the de-facto "[all] the FAQs for a newgroup
hierarchy should be posted to ALL newsgroups in the hierarchy" standard.}

"Eliminate the impossible and what ever remains, no matter how improbable,
is the truth" -- Sir Arthur Conan Doyle through Sherlock Holmes in The
Adventure of the Beryl Coronet, The Adventure of the Blanched Soldier, Sign of
Four and The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans.


Hi,

I am going through a box of old IBM card and came across one called a

Rapid Technology SQUEEZE card.  It is dated 1990 and has a 54mhz crystal on
it and a big chip that has 'C-Cube' on it.

No connectors to the outside, but a ribbon-type 50-pin connector on the board.

It is a 16-bit board.

Any ideas what it is?

Phil

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Phil Hunt                          "Wherever you go, there you are!"
Howtek, Inc.


Could someone please e-mail or post a cheap source for ink carts for the HP
Deskwriter?  Original HP carts are preferred, but I will settle for
third-party brands if they are of good quality.

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+

 /~~~~~~~\
\_____    |
      |   | TTTTTT EEEEE VV     VV EEEEE     |
      |   |   TT   EE     VV   VV  EE        |
 /---/    |   TT   EEEE    VV VV   EEEE      | Steve Liu                    |


Oh yeah! I just got my new Eizo Flexscan yesterday (to replace my old 8515), and
I tried it with 1360x1024. This mode is just great! I can get four perfectly readable
command windows on the screen! And if I need more colors, I can go back to 1024x768
or even 800x600.
One thing I am wondering though: Why isn't there a MONxxxx.DGS file which contains
ALL the resolutions up to 1360x1024? Now I have to change the XGASETUP.PRO every
time I want to switch, instead of simply going through the system settings of OS/2.
Regards, Martin Erzberger


Glad to hear that it's working for you!

I couldn't find it on "export".  However, Simon Leinen
<simon@liasun6.epfl.ch> has added an Imakefile and an Athena
version, and made it available for FTP in the file
liasun3.epfl.ch:/pub/X/contrib/xrpc.tar.z.  (Note the ".z"
suffix; you'll need GNU gzip -- also on liasun3 in /pub/gnu --
to uncompress it.)

If this doesn't work, send me a note and I'd be happy to mail you
a copy; but you probably won't get it until the start of May --
I'm on holidays as of tomorrow! :-)

--
Martin Janzen  janzen@mprgate.mpr.ca (134.87.131.13)
MPR Teltech Ltd.  8999 Nelson Way  Burnaby, BC, CANADA  V5A 4B5


: What are the Leafs to do?  I am a Leaf supporter and
: I say the Leafs are going down in four unless there
: is nothing short of a miracle or a stroke of genenius hits

Root for another team. ;-)

: Andreychuck and Borchevsky have no business playing against
: the Wings.  They are too small.  The key to any Leafs success
: will have to be Clark.  He is the only centre who can have
..
Andreychuk, is NOT small, slow and sloth-like, maybe, but he is
about 6'4" and that is not what I would consider as small.

As an aside, The big AndreyCHUNK as I call him has been known to
disappear come playoff time.  This was one of his main problems when
playing for Buffalo.

: GO LEAFS !!!
GO SABRES !!!


Illegal to receive land-mobile telephone service?  Don't you have to have a
mobile reciever to even have land-mobile telephone service?  What about
ship-to-shore telephone service?


Well, I could use the argument that some here use about "nature" and claim
that you cannot have superhuman powers because you are a human; superhuman
powers are beyond what a human has, and since you are a human, any powers
you have are not beyond those of a human.  Hence, you cannot have superhuman
powers.  Sound good to you?

Anyway, to the evidence question: it depends on the context.  In this group,
since you are posting from a american college site, I'm willing to take it
as given that you have a pair of blue jeans.  And, assuming there is some
coherency in your position, I will take it as a given that you do not have
superhuman powers.  Arguments are evidence in themselves, in some respects.

Yep.

Good.

"Extra" evidence?  Why don't we start with evidence at all?

I cannot see any evidence for the V. B. which the cynics in this group would
ever accept.  As for the second, it is the foundation of the religion.
Anyone who claims to have seen the risen Jesus (back in the 40 day period)
is a believer, and therefore is discounted by those in this group; since
these are all ancients anyway, one again to choose to dismiss the whole
thing.  The third is as much a metaphysical relationship as anything else--
even those who agree to it have argued at length over what it *means*, so
again I don't see how evidence is possible.

I thus interpret the "extraordinary claims" claim as a statement that the
speaker will not accept *any* evidence on the matter.


Is it possible to connect a atari monochrome monitor to some kind of VGA card?

If someone have done this please let me know how.

	Thanx


Packer Bell 12MHZ 286
  * 5 16bit expansion slots
  * 2 5.25" external drive bays (floppies)
  * 1 3.5" internal drive bay (hard-drive)
  * 1.44MB 3.5" floppy drive
  * 1MB of RAM

$140 or Best offer (including shipping)

Segate 32MB ST138N SCSI Hard-drive
  * Great shape
  * Controller
  * 32MB
  * 3.5" format


This is not true.  The athiest's position is that there is no PROOF of the
existence of God.  As much as some people accept their Church, their priests
or straight from their own scriptures as the "proof", this does not
satisfy atheists.

Atheists DO believe in recognisable authorities.  If they were as dogmatic as
you claim they are, they would be trying to prove 1 + 1 =2 every time they
got up.  What they dispute is that Churches, priests, scriptures etc.
represent true authorities and know the TRUTH.

Are you asking us to believe blindly?  You are trying to deny that part of
us that makes us ask the question "Does God exist?" i.e. self-awareness and
reason.  If we do not use our ability to reason we become as ignorant
as the other animals on this earth.  Does God want us to be like that?

You are right that science and reason cannot PROVE anything.  However, if
we do not use them we can only then believe on FAITH alone.  And since
we can only use faith, why is one picture of "God" (e.g. Hinduism) any less
valid than another (e.g. Christianity)?


09 Apr 93, Jill Anne Daley writes to All:

 JAD> What exactly is a definition of sin and what are some examples. How does
 JAD> a person know when they are committing sin?

To answer briefly: sin is falling short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23)

Steve


OHIO HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE  TUEDAY, APRIL 6, 1993

H.B. NO. 278- REPRESENTATIVE BEATTY

        TO AMMEND  SECTION 2923.11, 2923.17, AND 2923.20 AND TO ENACT
N 2923.181 OF THE REVISED CODE TO EXPAND THE DEFINTION OF DANGEROUS
ORDINANCE TO INCLUDE MILITARY WEAPONS THAT DO NOT USE BOLT ACTION, TO
INCREASE THE PENALTY FOR A VIOLATION OF THE PROHIBTION AGAINST POSSESION
OF DANGEROUS ORDINANCE, TO PROHIBIT ANY PERSON FROM ACQUIRING A MILITARY
WEAPON ON OR AFTER THE ACT'SEFFECTIVE DATE, TO REQUIRE THE LICENSURE OF
MILITARY WEAPONS ACQUIRED FOR A PROPER PURPOSE PRIOR TO THE ACT'S
EFFECTIVE DATE, TO PROHIBIT A PERSON FROM IMPORTING, MANUFACTURING, OR
SELLING A MILITARY WEAPON, AND TO DECLARE AN EMERGENCY.

As of Monday, April 12, 1993  H.B. 278 had not been assigned to a
committee.  Introduced as an emergency measure if this passes there is no
chance for a reforendum, and would go into effect immediately as opposed
to the state requirement of 90 days before a law goes into effect.