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[groff_mm - groff mm macros] NAME SYNOPSIS groff -mm[ options... ] [ files... ] [The groff mm macros are intended to be compatible with the DWB mm macros with the following limitations:] DESCRIPTION +o no Bell Labs localisms implemented. +o the macros OK and PM are not implemented. +o groff mm does not support cut marks mmis intended to be international. Therefore it is possible to write short national macrofiles which change all english text to the pre- ferred language. Use mmseas an example. A file called localeor lang _localeis read after the initiation of the global variables. It is therefore possible to localize the macros with companyname and so on. In this manual square brackets is used to show optional arguments. Number registers and stringsMany macros can be controlled by number registers and strings. A num- ber register is assigned with the nrcommand: .nr XXX [+-]n [i] XXXis the name of the register, nis the value to be assigned, and iis increment value for auto-increment. ncan have a plus or minus sign as prefix if an increment or decrement of the current value is wanted. (Auto-increment or decrement occurs if the number register is used with a plus or minus sign, \n+[XXX]or \n-[XXX].) Strings is defined with ds. .ds YYY stringThe string is assigned everything to the end of the line, even blanks. Initial blanks in stringshould be prefixed with a double-quote. (Strings are used in the text as \*[YYY].) Special formatting of number registersA number register is printed with normal digits if no format has been given. Set the format with af: .af R c Ris the name of the register, cis the format. Form Sequence1 0, 1, 2, 3, ... 001 000, 001, 002, 003, ... i 0, i, ii, iii, iv, ... I 0, I, II, III, IV, ... a 0, a, b, c, ..., z, aa, ab, ... A 0, A, B, C, ..., Z, AA, AB, ... Macros: )E level textAdds text(heading-text) to the table of contents with leveleither 0 or between 1-7. See also .H. This macro is used for customized table of contents. 1C [1]Begin one column processing. An 1as argument disables the page-break. Use wide footnotes, small footnotes may be over- printed. 2CBegin two column processing. Splits the page in two columns. It is a special case of MC. See also 1C. AEAbstract end, see AS. AF [name of firm]Authors firm, should be called before AU, see also COVER. AL [type [text-indent [1]]]Start autoincrement list. Items are numbered beginning on one. The typeargument controls the type of numbers. Arg Description 1 Arabic (the default) A Upper-case letters (A-Z) a Lower-case letters (a-z) I Upper-case roman i Lower-case roman Text-indentsets the indent and overrides Li. A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each item. APP name textBegin an appendix with name name. Automatic naming occurs if nameis "". The appendixes starts with Aif auto is used. An new page is ejected, and a header is also produced if the number variable Aphis non-zero. This is the default. The appendix always appear in the 'List of contents' with correct pagenumber. The name APPENDIXcan be changed by setting the string Appto the desired text. The string Apptxtcontains the current appen- dix text. APPSK name pages textSame as .APP, but the pagenr is incremented with pages. This is used when diagrams or other non-formatted documents are included as appendixes. AS [arg [indent]]Abstract start. Indent is specified in 'ens', but scaling is allowed. Argument argcontrols where the abstract is printed. Arg Placement 0 Abstract will be printed on page 1 and on the cover sheet if used in the released-paper style ( MT 4), otherwise it will be printed on page 1 without a cover sheet. 1 Abstract will only be printed on the cover sheet ( MT 4only). 2 Abstract will be printed only on the cover sheet (other than MT 4only). The cover sheet is printed without need for CS. Abstract is not printed at all in external letters ( MT 5). The indentcontrols the indentation of both margins, otherwise will normal text indent be used. AST [title]Abstract title. Default is ABSTRACT. Sets the text above the abstract text. AT title1 [title2 ...]Authors title. ATmust appear just after each AU. The title will show up after the name in the signature block. AU [name [initials [loc [dept [ext [room [arg [arg [arg]]]]]]]]]Author information, specifies the author of the memo or paper, and will be printed on the cover sheet and on other similar places. AUmust not appear before TL. The author information can contain initials, location, department, telephone extension, room number or name and up to three extra arguments. AV [name [1]]Approval signature, generates an approval line with place for signature and date. The string APPROVED:can be changed with variable Letapp, and the string Datein Letdate. AVL [name]Letter signature, generates a line with place for signature. B [bold-text [prev-font-text [bold...]]]Begin boldface. No limit on the number of arguments. All argu- ments will be concatenated to one word, the first, third and so on will be printed in boldface. B1Begin box (as the ms macro). Draws a box around the text. The text will be indented one character, and the right margin will be one character shorter. B2End box. Finish the box started by B1. BEEnd bottom block, see BS. BI [bold-text [italic-text [bold-text [...]]]]Bold-italic. No limit on the number of arguments, see B. BL [text-indent [1]]Start bullet list, initialize a list with a bullet and a space in the beginning of each list item (see LI). Text-indentover- rides the default indentation of the list items set by number register Pi. A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each item. BR [bold-text [roman-text [bold-text [...]]]]Bold-roman. No limit on the number of arguments. BSBottom block start. Begins the definition of a text block which is printed at the bottom of each page. Block ends with BE. BVL text-indent [mark-indent [1]]Start of broken variable-item list. Broken variable-item list has no fixed mark, it assumes that every LIhas a mark instead. The text will always begin at the next line after the mark. Text-indentsets the indent to the text, and mark-indentthe distance from the current indent to the mark. A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each item. COVER [arg] COVERbegins a coversheet definition. It is important that .COVERappears before any normal text. .COVERuses argto build the filename /usr/share/tmac/mm/ arg.cov. Therefore it is possi- ble to create unlimited types of coversheets. ms.covis sup- posed to look like the mscoversheet. .COVERrequires a .COVENDat the end of the coverdefinition. Always use this order of the covermacros: .COVER .TL .AF .AU .AT .AS .AE .COVEND However, only .TLand .AUare required. COVENDThis finish the cover description and prints the cover-page. It is defined in the cover file. DEDisplay end. Ends a block of text, display, that begins with DSor DF. DF [format [fill [rindent]]]Begin floating display (no nesting allowed). A floating display is saved in a queue and is printed in the order entered. For- mat, filland rindentis the same as in DS. Floating displays are controlled by the two number registers Deand Df. De register0 Nothing special, this is the default. 1 A page eject will occur after each printed display, giving only one display per page and no text following it. Df register0 Displays are printed at the end of each section (when sec- tion-page numbering is active) or at the end of the docu- ment. 1 A new display will be printed on the current page if there is enough space, otherwise it will be printed at the end of the document. 2 One display will be printed at the top of each page or col- umn (in multi-column mode). 3 Print one display if there is enough space for it, other- wise it will be printed at the top of the next page or col- umn. 4 Print as many displays that will fit in a new page or col- umn. A page break will occur between each display if Deis not zero. 5 Fill the current page with displays and the rest beginning at a new page or column. (This is the default.) A page break will occur between each display if Deis not zero. DL [text-indent [1 [1]]]Dash list start. Begins a list where each item is printed after a dash. Text-indentchanges the default indentation of the list items set by number register Pi. A second argument prevents the empty line between each list item to be printed. See LI. A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each item. DS [format [fill [rindent]]]Static display start. Begins collection of text until DE. The text is printed together on the same page, unless it is longer than the height of the page. DScan be nested to a unlimited depth (reasonably :-). format"" No indentation. none No indentation. L No indentation. I Indent text with the value of number register Si. C Center each line CB Center the whole display as a block. R Right adjust the lines. RB Right adjust the whole display as a block L, I, C and CB can also be specified as 0, 1, 2 or 3 for compat- ibility reasons. (Don't use it. :-) fill"" Line-filling turned off. none Line-filling turned off. N Line-filling turned off. F Line-filling turned on. N and F can also be specified as 0 or 1. An empty line will normally be printed before and after the display. Setting num- ber register Dsto 0 will prevent this. Rindentshortens the line length by that amount. EC [title [override [flag [refname]]]]Equation title. Sets a title for an equation. The overrideargument change the numbering. flagnone overrideis a prefix to the number. 0 overrideis a prefix to the number. 1 overrideis a suffix to the number. 2 overridereplaces the number. ECuses the number register Ecas counter. It is possible to use .afto change the format of the number. If number register Ofis 1, then the format of title will use a dash instead of a dot after the number. The string Lecontrols the title of the List of Equations, default is LIST OF EQUATIONS. The List of Equations will only be printed if number register Leis 1, default 0. The string Lieccontains the word Equation, wich is printed before the num- ber. If refnameis used, then the equation number is saved with .SETR, and can be retrieved with .GETST refname. Special handling of the title will occur if ECis used inside DS/ DE, it will not be affected by the format of DS. EF [arg]Even-page footer, printed just above the normal page footer on even pages, see PF. EH [arg]Even-page header, printed just below the normal page header on even pages, see PH. ENEquation end, see EQ. EOPEnd of page user-defined macro. This macro will be called instead of the normal printing of the footer. The macro will be executed in a separate environment, without any trap active. See TP. Strings available to EOPEOPf Argument from PF. EOPefArgument from EF. EOPofArgument from OF. EPIC [-L] width height [name] EPICdraws a box with the given widthand height, it will also print the text nameor a default string if nameis not speci- fied.. This is used to include external pictures, just give the size of the picture. -Lwill leftadjust the picture, the default is to center adjust. See PIC EQ [label]Equation start. EQ/ ENare the delimiters for equations written for eqn. EQ/ ENmust be inside a DS/ DE-pair, except when EQis only used to set options in eqn. The labelwill appear at the right margin of the equation, unless number register Eqis 1. Then the label will appear at the left margin. EX [title [override [flag [refname]]]]Exhibit title, arguments are the same as for EC. EXuses the number register Exas counter. The string Lxcontrols the title of the List of Exhibits, default is LIST OF EXHIBITS. The List of Exhibits will only be printed if number register Lxis 1, default 1. The string Liexcontains the word Exhibit, which is printed before the number. If refnameis used, then the exhibit number is saved with .SETR, and can be retrieved with .GETST refname. Special handling of the title will occur if EXis used inside DS/ DE, it will not be affected by the format of DS. FC [closing]Prints Yours very truly,as a formal closing of a letter or mem- orandum. The argument replaces the defualt string. The default is stored in string variable Letfc. FD [arg [1]]Footnote default format. Controls the hyphenation (hyphen), right margin justification (adjust), indentation of footnote text (indent). It can also change the label justification (ljust). arg hyphen adjust indent ljust0 no yes yes left 1 yes yes yes left 2 no no yes left 3 yes no yes left 4 no yes no left 5 yes yes no left 6 no no no left 7 yes no no left 8 no yes yes right 9 yes yes yes right 10 no no yes right 11 yes no yes right Argument greater than or equal to 11 is considered as arg 0. Default for mm is 10. FEFootnote end. FG [title [override [flag [refname]]]]Figure title, arguments are the same as for EC. FGuses the number register Fgas counter. The string Lfcontrols the title of the List of Figures, default is LIST OF FIGURES. The List of Figures will only be printed if number register Lfis 1, default 1. The string Lifgcontains the word Figure, wich is printed before the number. If refnameis used, then the figure number is saved with .SETR, and can be retrieved with .GETST refname. Special handling of the title will occur if FGis used inside DS/ DE, it will not be affected by the format of DS. FS [label]Footnote start. The footnote is ended by FE. Footnotes is nor- mally automatically numbered, the number is available in string F. Just add \*Fin the text. By adding label, it is possible to have other number or names on the footnotes. Footnotes in displays is now possible. An empty line separates footnotes, the height of the line is controlled by number register Fs, default value is 1. GETHN refname [varname]Includes the headernumber where the corresponding SETR refnamewas placed. Will be X.X.X. in pass 1. See INITR. If varnameis used, GETHNsets the stringvariable varnameto the headernum- ber. GETPN refname [varname]Includes the pagenumber where the corresponding SETR refnamewas placed. Will be 9999 in pass 1. See INITR. If varnameis used, GETPNsets the stringvariable varnameto the pagenumber. GETR refnameCombines GETHNand GETPNwith the text 'chapter' and ', page'. The string Qrfcontains the text for reference: .ds Qrf See chapter \\*[Qrfh], page \\*[Qrfp]. Qrfmay be changed to support other languages. Strings Qrfhand Qrfpare set by GETRand contains the page and headernumber. GETST refname [varname]Includes the string saved with the second argument to .SETR. Will be dummystring in pass 1. If varname is used, GETSTsets the stringvariable varnameto the saved string. See INITR. H level [heading-text [heading-suffix]]Numbered section heading. Section headers can have a level between 1 and 14, level 1 is the top level. The text is given in heading-text, and must be surrounded by double quotes if it contains spaces. Heading-suffixis added to the header in the text but not in the table of contents. This is normally used for footnote marks and similar things. Don't use \*Fin head- ing-suffix, it won't work. A manual label must be used, see FS. An eventual paragraph, P, directly after Hwill be ignored, His taking care of spacing and indentation. Page ejection before headingNumber register Ejcontrols page ejection before the heading. Normally, a level one heading gets two blank lines before it, higher levels gets only one. A new page is ejected before each first-level heading if number register Ejis 1. All levels below or equal the value of Ejgets a new page. Default value for Ejis 0. Heading break levelA line break occurs after the heading if the heading level is less or equal to number register Hb. Default value 2. Heading space levelA blank line is inserted after the heading if the heading level is less or equal to number register Hs. Default value 2. Text will follow the heading on the same line if the level is greater than both Hband Hs. Post-heading indentIndentation of the text after the heading is controlled by num- ber register Hi, default value 0. Hi0 The text will be left-justified. 1 Indentation of the text will follow the value of number register Pt, see P. 2 The text will be lined up with the first word of the head- ing. Centered section headingsAll headings whose level is equal or below number register Hcand also less than or equal to Hbor Hsis centerered. Font control of the headingThe font of each heading level is controlled by string HF. It contains a fontnumber or fontname for each level. Default is 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2(all headings in italic). Could also be written as I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. Note that some other implementations use 3 3 2 2 2 2 2as the default value. All omitted values are presumed to be a 1. Point size control. String HPcontrols the pointsize of each heading, in the same way as HFcontrols the font. A value of 0 selects the default point size. Default value is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. Beware that only the point size changes, not the vertical size. That can be controlled by the user specified macro HXand/or HZ. Heading countersFourteen number registers, named H1thru H14contains the counter for each heading level. The values are printed using arabic numerals, this can be changed with the macro HM(see below). All marks are concatenated before printing. To avoid this, set number register Htto 1. That will only print the current heading counter at each heading. Automatic table of contentsAll headings whose level is equal or below number register Clis saved to be printed in the table of contents. Default value is 2. Special control of the heading, user-defined macros. These macros can be defined by the user to get a finer control of vertical spacing, fonts or other features. Argument levelis the level-argument to H, but 0 for unnumbered headings (see HU). Argument rlevelis the real level, it is set to number register Hufor unnumbered headings. Argument heading-textis the text argument to Hand HU. HX level rlevel heading-text HXis called just before the printing of the heading. The fol- lowing register is available for HX. HXmay alter }0, }2and ;3. string }0Contains the heading mark plus two spaces if rlevelis non- zero, otherwise empty. register ;0Contains the position of the text after the heading. 0 means that the text should follow the heading on the same line, 1 means that a line break should occur before the text and 2 means that a blank line should separate the heading and the text. string }2Contains two spaces if register ;0is 0. It is used to separate the heading from the text. The string is empty if ;0is non-zero. register ;3Contains the needed space in units after the heading. Default is 2v. Can be used to change things like numbering ( }0), vertical spacing ( }2) and the needed space after the heading. HY dlevel rlevel heading-text HYis called after size and font calculations and might be used to change indentation. HZ dlevel rlevel heading-text HZis called after the printing of the heading, just before Hor HUexits. Could be used to change the page header according to the section heading. HC [hyphenation-character]Set hyphenation character. Default value is \%. Resets to the default if called without argument. Hyphenation can be turned off by setting number register Hyto 0 in the beginning of the file. HM [arg1 [arg2 [... [arg14]]]]Heading mark style. Controls the type of marking for printing of the heading counters. Default is 1 for all levels. Argument1 Arabic numerals. 0001 Arabic numerals with leading zeroes, one or more. A Upper-case alphabetic a Lower-case alphabetic I Upper-case roman numerals i lower-case roman numerals emptyArabic numerals. HU heading-textUnnumbered section header. HUbehavies like Hat the level in number register Hu. See H. HX dlevel rlevel heading-textUserdefined heading exit. Called just before printing the header. See H. HY dlevel rlevel heading-textUserdefined heading exit. Called just before printing the header. See H. HZ dlevel rlevel heading-textUserdefined heading exit. Called just after printing the header. See H. I [italic-text [prev-font-text [italic-text [...]]]]Italic. Changes the font to italic if called without arguments. With one argument it will set the word in italic. With two argument it will concatenate them and set the first word in italic and the second in the previous font. There is no limit on the number of argument, all will be concatenated. IA [addressee-name [title]]Begins specification of the addressee and addressee's address in letter style. Several names can be specified with empty IA/ IE- pairs, but only one address. See LT. IB [italic-text [bold-text [italic-text [...]]]]Italic-bold. Even arguments is printed in italic, odd in bold- face. See I. IEEnds the address-specification after IA. INITI type filename [macro]Initialize the new index system, sets the filename to collect index lines in with IND. Argument typeselects the type of index, page number, header marks or both. The default is N. It is also possible to create a macro that is responsible for formatting each row. Add the name of the macro as argument 3. The macro will be called with the index as argument(s). typeN Page numbers H Header marks B Both page numbers and header marks, tab separated INITR filenameInitialize the refencemacros. References will be written to stderr and is supposed to be written to filename.qrf. Requires two passes with groff, this is handled by a separate program called mmroff, the reason is that groff is often installed with- out the unsafe operations that INITRrequiered. The first pass looks for references and the second one includes them. INITRcan be used several times, but it is only the first occurrence of INITRthat is active. See also SETR, GETPNand GETHN. IND arg1 [arg2 [...]] INDwrites a line in the index file selected by INITIwith all arguments and the page number or header mark separated by tabs. Examplesarg1\tpage number arg1\targ2\tpage number arg1\theader mark arg1\tpage number\theader mark INDP INDPprints the index by running the command specified by string variable Indcmd, normally sort -t\t. INDPreads the output from the command to form the index, normally in two columns (can be changed by defining TYIND). The index is printed with string variable Indexas header, default is INDEX. One-column process- ing is returned after the list. INDPwill call the user-defined macros TXIND, TYINDand TZINDif defined. TXINDis called before printing INDEX, TYINDis called instead of printing INDEX. TZINDis called after the printing and should take care of restoring to normal operation again. ISODATE [0] ISODATEchanges the predefined date string in DTto ISO-format, ie YYYY-MM-DD. This can also be done by adding -rIso=1on the command line. Reverts to old date format if argument is 0. IR [italic-text [roman-text [italic-text [...]]]]Italic-roman. Even arguments is printed in italic, odd in roman. See I. LB text-indent mark-indent pad type [mark [LI-space [LB-space]]]List begin macro. This is the common macro used for all lists. Text-indentis the number of spaces to indent the text from the current indent. Padand mark-indentcontrols where to put the mark. The mark is placed within the mark area, and mark-indentsets the number of spaces before this area. It is normally 0. The mark area ends where the text begins. The start of the text is still con- trolled by text-indent. The mark is left justified whitin the mark area if padis 0. If padis greater than 0, then mark-indentis ignored, and the mark is placed padspaces before the text. This will right justify the mark. If typeis 0 the list will have either a hanging indent or, if argument markis given, the string markas mark. If typeis greater than 0 automatic numbering will occur, arabic if markis empty. Markcan then be any of 1, A, a, Ior i. Typeselects one of six possible ways to display the mark. type1 x. 2 x) 3 (x) 4 [x] 5 <x> 6 {x} Every item in the list will get LI-spacenumber of blank lines before them. Default is 1. LBitself will print LB-spaceblank lines. Default is 0. LC [list-level]List-status clear. Terminates all current active lists down to list-level, or 0 if no argmuent is given. This is used by Hto clear any active list. LE [1]List end. Terminate the current list. LEoutputs a blank line if an argument is given. LI [mark [1]]List item precedes every item in a list. Without argument LIwill print the mark determined by the current list type. By giving LIone argument, it will use that as the mark instead. Two arguments to LIwill make marka prefix to the current mark. There will be no separating space between the prefix and the mark if the second argument is 2instead of 1. This behaviour can also be achieved by setting number register Limspto zero. A zero length markwill make a hanging indent instead. A blank line is normally printed before the list item. This be- haviour can be controlled by number register Ls. Pre-spacing will occur for each list-level less than or equal to Ls. Default value is 99. (Nesting of lists is unlimited. :-) The indentation can be changed thru number register Li. Default is 6. All lists begins with a list initialization macro, LB. There are, however, seven predefined listtypes to make lists easier to use. They all call LBwith different default values. ALAutomatically Incremented List MLMarked List VLVariable-Item List BLBullet List DLDash List RLReference List BVLBroken Varable List. These lists are described at other places in this manual. See also LB. LT [arg]Formats a letter in one of four different styles depending on the argument. See also INTERNALS. Arg StyleBL Blocked. Date line, return address, writer's address and closing begins at the center of the line. All other lines begin at the left margin. SB Semi-blocked. Same as blocked, except that the first line in every paragraph is indented five spaces. FB Full-blocked. All lines begin at the left margin. SP Simplified. Almost the same as the full-blocked style. Subject and the writer's identification are printed in all- capital. LO type [arg]Specify options in letter (see .LT). This is a list of the standard options: CN Confidential notation. Prints CONFIDENTIALon the second line below the date line. Any argument replaces CONFIDEN- TIAL. See also string variable LetCN. RN Reference notation. Prints In reference to:and the argu- ment two lines below the date line. See also string vari- able LetRN. AT Attention. Prints ATTENTION:and the argument below the inside address. See also string variable LetAT. SA Salutation. Prints To Whom It May Concern:or the argument if it was present. The salutation is printed two lines below the inside address. See also string variable LetSA. SJ Subject line. Prints the argument as subject prefixed with SUBJECT:two lines below the inside address, except in let- ter type SP. Then the subject is printed in all-captial without any prefix. See also string variable LetSJ. MC column-size [column-separation]Begin multiple columns. Return to normal with 1C. MCwill cre- ate as many columns as the current line length permits. Column- sizeis the width of each column, and column-separationis the space between two columns. Default separation is the column- size/15. See also 1C. ML mark [text-indent [1]]Marked list start. The markargument will be printed before each list item. Text-indentsets the indent and overrides Li. A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each item. MT [arg [addressee]]Memorandum type. The argis part of a filename in /usr/share/tmac/mm/*.MT. Memorandum type 0 thru 5 are sup- ported, including "string". Addresseejust sets a variable, used in the AT&T macros. arg0 Normal memorandum, no type printed 1 Memorandum with MEMORANDUM FOR FILEprinted 2 Memorandum with PROGRAMMER'S NOTESprinted 3 Memorandum with ENGINEER'S NOTESprinted 4 Released paper style 5 External letter style See also COVER/ COVEND, a more flexible type of front page. MOVE y-pos [x-pos [line-length]]Move to a position, pageoffset set to x-pos. If line-lengthis not given, the difference between current and new pageoffset is used. Use PGFORMwithout arguments to return to normal. MULB cw1 space1 [cw2 space2 [cw3 ...]]Begin a special multi-column mode. Every columns width must be specified. Also the space between the columns must be speci- fied. The last column does not need any space-definition. MULBstarts a diversion and MULEends the diversion and prints the columns. The unit for width and space is 'n', but MULBaccepts all normal unitspecifications like 'c' and 'i'. MULBoperates in a separate environment. MULNBegin the next column. This is the only way to switch column. MULEEnd the multi-column mode and print the columns. nP [type]Print numbered paragraph with header level two. See .P. NCOLForce printing to the next column, don't use this together with the MUL*macros, see 2C. NS [arg [1]]Prints different types of notations. The argument selects between the predefined type of notations. If the second argu- ment is available, then the argument becomes the entire nota- tion. If the argument doesn't exist in the predefined, it will be printed as Copy ( arg ) to. It is possible to add more stan- dard notations, see the string variable Letnsand Letnsdef. Arg Notation noneCopy To "" Copy To 1 Copy To (with att.) to 2 Copy To (without att.) to 3 Att. 4 Atts. 5 Enc. 6 Encs. 7 Under separate cover 8 Letter to 9 Memorandum to 10 Copy (with atts.) to 11 Copy (without atts.) to 12 Abstract Only to 13 Complete Memorandum to 14 CC ND new-dateNew date. Override the current date. Date is not printed if new-dateis an empty string. OF [arg]Odd-page footer, a line printed just above the normal footer. See EFand PF. OH [arg]Odd-page header, a line printed just below the normal header. See EHand PH. OPMake sure that the following text is printed at the top of an odd-numbered page. Will not output an empty page if currently at the top of an odd page. P [type]Begin new paragraph. Pwithout argument will produce left jus- tified text, even the first line of the paragraph. This is the same as setting typeto 0. If the argument is 1, then the first line of text following Pwill be indented by the number of spa- ces in number register Pi, normally 5. Instead of giving 1 as argument to Pit is possible to set the paragraph type in number register Pt. Using 0 and 1 will be the same as adding that value to P. A value of 2 will indent all paragraphs, except after headings, lists and displays. The space between two paragraphs is controlled by number regis- ter Ps, and is 1 by default (one blank line). PGFORM [linelength [pagelength [pageoffset [1]]]]Sets linelength, pagelength and/or pageoffset. This macro can be used for special formatting, like letterheads and other. It is normally the first command in a file, though it's not neces- sary. PGFORMcan be used without arguments to reset everything after a MOVE. A line-break is done unless the fourth argument is given. This can be used to avoid the pagenumber on the first page while setting new width and length. (It seems as if this macro sometimes doesn't work too well. Use the command line arguments to change linelength, pagelength and pageoffset instead. Sorry.) PGNHNo header is printed on the next page. Used to get rid of the header in letters or other special texts. This macro must be used before any text to inhibit the pageheader on the first page. PIC [-L] [-C] [-R] [-I n] filename [width [height]] PICincludes a Postscript file in the document. The macro depends on mmroffand INITR. -L, -C, -Rand -I nadjusts the picture or indents it. The optionally widthand heightcan also be given to resize the picture. PEPicture end. Ends a picture for pic, see the manual for pic. PF [arg]Page footer. PFsets the line to be printed at the bottom of each page. Normally empty. See PHfor the argument specifica- tion. PH [arg]Page header, a line printed at the top of each page. The argu- ment should be specified as "'left-part'center-part'right- part'", where left-, center- and right-part is printed left-jus- tified, centered and right justified. The character %is changed to the current page number. The default page-header is "''- % -''", the page number between two dashes. PSPicture start (from pic). Begins a picture for pic, see the manual. PXPage-header user-defined exit. PXis called just after the printing of the page header in no-spacemode. RRoman. Return to roman font, see also I. RB [roman-text [bold-text [roman-text [...]]]]Roman-bold. Even arguments is printed in roman, odd in bold- face. See I. RD [prompt [diversion [string]]]Read from standard input to diversion and/or string. The text will be saved in a diversion named diversion. Recall the text by writing the name of the diversion after a dot on an empty line. A string will also be defined if stringis given. Diver- sionand/or promptcan be empty (""). RFReference end. Ends a reference definition and returns to nor- mal processing. See RS. RI [roman-text [italic-text [roman-text [...]]]]Even arguments are printed in roman, odd in italic. See I. RL [text-indent [1]]Reference list start. Begins a list where each item is preceded with a automatically incremented number between square brackets. Text-indentchanges the default indentation. RP [arg1 [arg2]]Produce reference page. RPcan be used if a reference page is wanted somewhere in the document. It is not needed if TCis used to produce a table of content. The reference page will then be printed automatically. The reference counter will not be reset if arg1is 1. Arg2tells RPwhether to eject a page or not. Arg20 The reference page will be printed on a separate page. This is the default. 1 Do not eject page after the list. 2 Do not eject page before the list. 3 Do not eject page before and after the list. The reference items will be separated by a blank line. Setting number register Lsto 0 will suppress the line. The string Rpcontains the reference page title and is normally set to REFERENCES. RS [string-name] RSbegins an automatically numbered reference definition. Put the string \*(Rfwhere the reference mark should be and write the reference between RS/ RFat next new line after the reference mark. The reference number is stored in number register :R. If string-nameis given, a string with that name will be defined and contain the current reference mark. The string can be ref- erenced as \*[ string-name ] later in the text. S [size [spacing]]Set point size and vertical spacing. If any argument is equal 'P', then the previous value is used. A 'C' means current value, and 'D' default value. If '+' or '-' is used before the value, then increment or decrement of the current value will be done. SA [arg]Set right-margin justification. Justification is normally turned on. No argumenent or 0turns off justification, a 1turns on justification. SETR refname [string]Remember the current header and page-number as refname. Saves stringif stringis defined. stringis retrieved with .GETST. See INITR. SG [arg [1]]Signature line. Prints the authors name(s) after the formal closing. The argument will be appended to the reference data, printed at either the first or last author. The reference data is the location, department and initials specified with .AU. It will be printed at the first author if the second argument is given, otherwise at the last. No reference data will be printed if the author(s) is specifed thru .WA/ .WE. See INTERNALS. SK [pages]Skip pages. If pagesis 0or omitted, a skip to the next page will occur unless it is already at the top of a page. Otherwise it will skip pagespages. SM string1 [string2 [string3]]Make a string smaller. If string2is given, string1will be smaller and string2normal, concatenated with string1. With three argument, all is concatenated, but only string2is made smaller. SP [lines]Space vertically. linescan have any scalingfactor, like 3ior 8v. Several SPin a line will only produce the maximum number of lines, not the sum. SPwill also be ignored until the first textline in a page. Add a \& before SPto avoid this. TABreset tabs to every 5n. Normally used to reset any previous tabpositions. TB [title [override [flag [refname]]]]Table title, arguments are the same as for EC. TBuses the num- ber register Tbas counter. The string Ltcontrols the title of the List of Tables, default is LIST OF TABLES. The List of Tables will only be printed if number register Ltis 1, default 1. The string Litbcontains the word TABLE, wich is printed before the number. Special handling of the title will occur if TBis used inside DS/ DE, it will not be affected by the format of DS. TC [slevel [spacing [tlevel [tab [h1 [h2 [h3 [h4 [h5]]]]]]]]]Table of contents. This macro is normally used at the last line of the document. It generates a table of contents with headings up to the level controlled by number register Cl. Note that Clcontrols the saving of headings, it has nothing to do with TC. Headings with level less than or equal to slevelwill get spac- ingnumber of lines before them. Headings with level less than or equal to tlevelwill have their page numbers right justified with dots or spaces separating the text and the page number. Spaces is used if tabis greater than zero, otherwise dots. Other headings will have the page number directly at the end of the heading text ( ragged right). The rest of the arguments will be printed, centered, before the table of contents. The user-defined macros TXand TYare used if TCis called with at most four arguments. TXis called before the printing of CONTENTS, and TYis called instead of printing CONTENTS. Equivalent macros can be defined for list of figures, tables, equations and excibits by defining TXxxor TYxx, where xxis Fg, TB, ECor EX. String Cican be set to control the indentations for each head- ing-level. It must be scaled, like .ds Ci .25i .5i .75i 1i 1i. The indentation is normally controlled by the maxlength of head- ings in each level. All texts can be redefined, new stringvariables Lifg, Litb, Liex, Liecand Liconcontain "Figure", "TABLE", "Exhibit", "Equation" and "CONTENTS". These can be redefined to other lan- guages. TETable end. See TS. TH [N]Table header. See TS. THends the header of the table. This header will be printed again if a page-break occurs. Argument Nisn't implemented yet. TL [charging-case number(s) [filing-case number(s)]]Begin title of memorandum. All text up to the next AUis included in the title. Charging-case numberand filing-caseare saved for use in the front page processing. TM [num1 [num2 [...]]]Technical memorandumnumbers used in .MT. Unlimited number of arguments may be given. TPTop of page user-defined macro. This macro is called instead of the normal page header. It is possible to get complete control over the header. Note that header and footer is printed in a separate environment. Linelength is preserved though. TS [H]Table start. This is the start of a table specification to tbl. See separate manual for tbl. TSends with TE. Argument Htells mmthat the table has a header. See TH. TXUserdefined table of contents exit. This macro is called just before TCprints the word CONTENTS. See TC. TYUserdefined table of contents exit (no "CONTENTS"). This macro is called instead of printing CONTENTS. See TC. VERBON [flag [pointsize [font]]]Begin verbatim output using courier font. Usually for printing programs. All character has equal width. The pointsize can be changed with the second argument. By specifying the font-argu- ment it is possible to use another font instead of courier. flagcontrols several special features. It contains the sum of all wanted features. ValueDescription 1 Disable the escape-character (\). This is normally turned on during verbose output. 2 Add an empty line before the verbose text. 4 Add an empty line after the verbose text. 8 Print the verbose text with numbered lines. This adds four digitsized spaces in the beginning of each line. Finer control is available with the string-variable Verbnm. It contains all arguments to the troff-command .nm, normally '1'. 16 Indent the verbose text with five 'n':s. This is con- trolled by the number-variable Verbin(in units). VERBOFFEnd verbatim output. VL text-indent [mark-indent [1]]Variable-item list has no fixed mark, it assumes that every LIhave a mark instead. Text-indentsets the indent to the text, and mark-indentthe distance from the current indent to the mark. A third argument will prohibit printing of a blank line before each item. VM [-T] [top [bottom]]Vertical margin. Adds extra vertical top and margin space. Option -Tset the total space instead. No argument resets the margin to zero or the default (7v 5v)if -Twas used. It is higly recommended that macro TPand/or EOPare defined if using -Tand setting top and/or bottom margin to less than the default. WA [writer-name [title]]Begins specification of the writer and writer's address. Sev- eral names can be specified with empty WA/ WE-pairs, but only one address. WEEnds the address-specification after .WA. WC [format]Footnote and display width control. N Set default mode, -WF, -FF, -WDand FB. WF Wide footnotes, wide also in two-column mode. -WF Normal footnote width, follow column mode. FF All footnotes gets the same width as the first footnote encountered. -FF Normal footnotes, width follows WFand -WF. WD Wide displays, wide also in two-column mode. -WD Normal display width, follow column mode. FB Floating displays generates a line break when printed on the current page. -FB Floating displays does not generate line break. Strings used in mm: AppA string containing the word "APPENDIX". ApptxtThe current appendix text. EMEm dash string H1txtWill be updated by .Hand .HUto the current heading text. Also updated in table of contents & friends. HFFontlist for headings, normally "2 2 2 2 2 2 2". Nonnumeric fontnames may also be used. HPPointsize list for headings. Normally "0 0 0 0 0 0 0" which is the same as "10 10 10 10 10 10 10". IndexContains INDEX. IndcmdContains the index command, sort -t\t. LifgString containing Figure. LitbString containing TABLE. LiexString containing Exhibit. LiecString containing Equation. LiconString containing CONTENTS. LfContains "LIST OF FIGURES". LtContains "LIST OF TABLES". LxContains "LIST OF EXHIBITS". LeContains "LIST OF EQUATIONS". LetfcContains "Yours very truly,", used in .FC. LetappContains "APPROVED:", used in .AV. LetdateContains "Date", used in .AV. LetCNContains "CONFIDENTIAL", used in .LO CN. LetSAContains "To Whom It May Concern:", used in .LO SA. LetATContains "ATTENTION:", used in .LO AT. LetSJContains "SUBJECT:", used in .LO SJ. LetRNContains "In reference to:", used in .LO RN. Letnsis an array containing the different strings used in .NS. It is really a number of stringvariables prefixed with Letns!. If the argument doesn't exist, it will be included between ()with Letns!copyas prefix and Letns!toas suffix. Observe the space after copyand before to. Name ValueLetns!0 Copy to Letns!1 Copy (with att.) to Letns!2 Copy (without att.) to Letns!3 Att. Letns!4 Atts. Letns!5 Enc. Letns!6 Encs. Letns!7 Under separate cover Letns!8 Letter to Letns!9 Memorandum to Letns!10 Copy (with atts.) to Letns!11 Copy (without atts.) to Letns!12 Abstract Only to Letns!13 Complete Memorandum to Letns!14 CC Letns!copy Copy " Letns!to " to LetnsdefDefines the standard-notation used when no argument is given to .NS. Default is 0. MO1 - MO12Strings containing Januarythru December. QrfString containing "See chapter \\*[Qrfh], page \\n[Qrfp].". RpContains "REFERENCES". TcstContains current status of table of contents and list of XXXX. Empty outside .TC. Useful in user-defined macros like .TP. Value Meaningco Table of contents fg List of figures tb List of tables ec List of equations ex List of exhibits ap Appendix TmContains \(tm, trade mark. VerbnmArgument to .nmin .VERBON, default: 1. Number variables used in mm: AphPrint an appendix-page for every new appendix if this number- variable is non-zero. No output will occur if Aphis zero, but there will always be an appendix-entry in the 'List of con- tents'. ClContents level [0:14], contents saved if heading level <= Cl, default 2. CpEject page between LIST OF XXXX if Cp == 0, default 0. DDebugflag, values >0 produces varying degree of debug. A value of 1 gives information about the progress of formatting, default 0. DeEject after floating display is output [0:1], default 0. DspControls the space output before and after static displays if defined. Otherwise is the value of Lsp used. DfFloating keep output [0:5], default 5. Ds Lspspace before and after display if == 1 [0:1], default 1. EjEject page, default 0. EqEquation lable adjust 0=left, 1=right. Default 0. FsFootnote spacing, default 1. H1-H7Heading counters H1dotAppend a dot after the level one heading number if > 0. Default is 1. H1hCopy of number register H1, but it is incremented just before the page break. Useful in user defined header macros. HbHeading break level [0:14], default 2. HcHeading centering level, [0:14]. Default 0. HiHeading temporary indent [0:2], default 1. 0 -> 0 indent, left margin 1 -> indent to right , like .P 1 2 -> indent to line up with text part of preceding heading HpsNumber variable with the heading pre-space level. If the head- ing-level is less than or equal to Hps, then two lines will pre- cede the section heading instead of one. Default is first level only. The real amount of lines is controlled by the variables Hps1and Hps2. Hps1This is the number of lines preceding .Hwhen the heading-level is greater than Hps. Value is in units, normally 0.5. Hps2This is the number of lines preceding .Hwhen the heading-level is less than or equal to Hps. Value is in units, normally 1. HsHeading space level [0:14], default 2. HssThis is the number of lines that follows .Hwhen the heading- level is less than or equal to Hs. Value is in units, nor- mally 1. HtHeading numbering type, default 0. 0 -> multiple (1.1.1 ...) 1 -> single HuUnnumbered heading level, default 2. HyHyphenation in body, default 0. 0 -> no hyphenation 1 -> hyphenation 14 on IsoSet this variable to 1 on the command line to get ISO-formatted date string. ( -rIso=1) Useless inside a document. LPage length, only for command line settings. LetwamMax lines in return-address, used in .WA/ .WE. Default 14. Lf, Lt, Lx, Le [Enables (1)]or disables (0) the printing of List of figures, List of tables, List of exhibits and List of equations. Default: Lf=1, Lt=1, Lx=1, Le=0. LiList indent, used by .AL, default 6. LimspFlag for space between prefix and mark in automatic lists (.AL). 0 == no space 1 == space LsList space, if current listlevel > Ls then no spacing will occur around lists. Default 99. LspThe size of an empty line. Normally 0.5v, but it is 1v if nis set ( .nroff). NNumbering style [0:5], default 0. 0 == (default) normal header for all pages. 1 == header replaces footer on first page, header is empty. 2 == page header is removed on the first page. 3 == "section-page" numbering enabled. 4 == page header is removed on the first page. 5 == "section-page" and "section-figure" numbering enabled. See also the number-register Sectf and Sectp. NpNumbered paragraphs, default 0. 0 == not numbered 1 == numbered in first level headings. OPage offset, only for command line settings. OfFormat of figure,table,exhibit,equation titles, default 0. 0 = ". " 1 = " - " PCurrent page-number, normally the same as % unless "section- page" numbering is enabled. Piparagraph indent, default 5. PgpsControls whether header and footer pointsize should follow the current setting or just change when the header and footer is defined. ValueDescription 0 Pointsize will only change to the current setting when .PH, .PF, .OH, .EH, .OFor .OEis executed. 1 Pointsize will change after every .S. This is the default. Psparagraph spacing, default 1. PtParagraph type, default 0. 0 == left-justified 1 == indented .P 2 == indented .P except after .H, .DE or .LE. SectfFlag controlling "section-figures". A non-zero value enables this. See also register N. SectpFlag controlling "section-page-numbers". A non-zero value enables this. See also register N. SiDisplay indent, default 5. VerbinIndent for .VERBON, default 5n. WLine length, only for command line settings. .mgmAlways 1. [The letter macros is using different submacros depending on the letter type. The name of the submacro has the letter type as suffix. It is therefore possible to define other letter types, either in the national macro-file, or as local additions.] INTERNALS .LTwill set the number variables Ptand Pito 0 and 5. The following strings and macros must be defined for a new letter type: let@init_ typeThis macro is called directly by .LT. It is supposed to ini- tialize variables and other stuff. let@head_ typeThis macro prints the letter head, and is called instead of the normal page header. It is supposed to remove the alias let@header, otherwise it will be called for all pages. let@sg_ type name title n flag [arg1 [arg2 [...]]] .SGis calling this macro only for letters, memorandums has its own processing. nameand titleis specified thru .WA/ .WB. nis the counter, 1-max, and flagis true for the last name. Any other argument to .SGis appended. let@fc_ type closingThis macro is called by .FC, and has the formal closing as argu- ment. .LOis implemented as a general option-macro. .LOdemands that a string named Let typeis defined, where typeis the letter type. .LOwill then assign the argument to the string variable let*lo- type. [J] AUTHOR orgen H agg, Lund, Sweden <jh@axis.se>. FILES /usr/share/tmac/tmac.m /usr/share/tmac/mm/*.cov /usr/share/tmac/mm/*.MT /usr/share/tmac/mm/locale SEE ALSO [,] groff(1) [,] troff(1) [,] tbl(1) [,] pic(1) eqn(1) [Groff Version 1.19.2 27 September 2013 GROFF_MM(7)] groff_mmse(7) [NAME](#NAME)| [SYNOPSIS](#SYNOPSIS)| [DESCRIPTION](#DESCRIPTION)| [INTERNALS](#INTERNALS)| [AUTHOR](#AUTHOR)| [FILES](#FILES)| [SEE ALSO](#SEE_ALSO)
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In hopelessness all attempts to recover past are similar to efforts to understand meaning of life. One feels like a newborn that tries to catch a basketball – it slips through the hands. (Josef Brodsky "Less than 1" )
A heart beats even when it should tear apart. (Cheslav Milosh. "Elegy N.N." )
Age keeps off us from childhood events but brings us closer to our parents. Maybe one should go a part of the path to feel their state in the different moments of life. I started to think about my roots about 3 years ago. Timidly at first then more often I was thinking about visiting the place of birth and youth of my father because it happened that I've never been there…
It was known that shtetl Frampol, where my father Freider Sanya Moiseevich is from, does not exist on the map of Khmelnitskiy region (former Kamenets-Podolskiy), Ukraine. It wasn't clear if this shtetl disappeared, was renamed, or maybe what was left of it had got another name. Through Internet I found where it is located now and that its new name is Kosogorka.
We arrived to Khmelnitskiy region by a train that was going from Moscow to Lvov. When saying "we" I mean myself, Freider Mikhail Sanevich, and my wife, Larisa Nikolaevna (Larisa). Now we live in Chelyabinsk city, Russia.
We knew beforehand that we would have difficulties with language and transportation there. So we've been able to communicate with an organization that manages many parts of Jewish social life in 2 Ukranian regions - Hmel'nistskiy and Ternopolskiy. Its name is Khmelnitskiy Regional Welfare Fund "Hesed-Besht". When I talked by phone with its director Igor Ratushniy I was promised complete support and help during our trip in the places of our ancestors. We've been given a car with a driver Vitaliy and a guide Ludmila Pisklova. It's impossible to list all Ludmila's job activities but her formal job title is a librarian but really she is also a local historian, a tour guide, a cameraman and a director of small performances, and a designer of different materials for the fund "Hesed-Besht". She was helping us with all problems including finding a hotel and translating from the Ukranian language.
We've found a room in the "Eneida" hotel. It's a three-star hotel that is located in the city central plaza. It had everything we needed even the well-known defect in the post-Soviet countries such as complete absence of hot water during summer months for easier repairs. Our room had a bathroom, TV, and refrigerator.
After we've settled in the hotel we've reviewed the materials from the "Hesed-Besht" fund and got some short facts about Jewish community of Khmelnitskiy city. The community was created mostly not from original citizens because all those people were killed during World War II. Before the war about 40,000 Jews lived in Proskurov (former name of Khmelnitskiy city before 1954) that was 50% of the whole population. Current community members are people who arrived to new factories and their descendants. The fund has an account of 2,000 Jewish families. Evidently there are mixed families too.
"Hesed-Besht" organizes the culture life of all Jewish community in the city including holiday celebrations, Jewish education, language studies and local history work. At the same time it also acts as a support center for poor, elder and sick people. It provides them with food, drugs and fuel, repairs their home supplies, helps with transportation, and organizes different activities for elder people The fund's office is greatly decorated, has many interesting materials including information about soldiers of WWII and even a museum. The two-story building is just beautiful. One can feel great informal work atmosphere of the whole team and organizational talent of the director Igor Ratushniy. We didn't meet him because he was on a business trip but the results tell about him anyway. This fund is located also in the center of the city very close to our hotel "Eneida". The day we arrived was a Jewish holiday called "Shvuas" ("Shavuot"). There was a large number of socializing people inside the fund building.
During our time at "Hesed-Besht" we've been allowed to use their computer database of the registered people. We haven't found our nicknames.There are only two Jewish families in the Yarmolintsy district that is located nearby Kosogorka. We've decided to ask Mikhail Danilovych Lahterman to be our guide in Kosogorka.
After visiting "Hesed-Besht" we arrived to Regional Archive that was near our hotel on the Grushevsky street, 99. Former Ludmila's connections with a personal of the archive have helped us to access an archive easily but it didn't have any birth, death or marriage records during Soviet period and other documents were not well systematized. The cause was of course the war during 1941-1945. According to the personal all census records are stored in Statistical Committee and old birth, death and marriage records are stored in the local Civil Registry Offices. In general, work with archives requires special knowledge of the archives and the Ukranian language. Regular archivists perform searches according queries for the assigning state pensions and do not conduct any genealogical researches.
Our visit to Statistical Committee was not successful either because they had just general census data. They even didn't know that Frampol was renamed to Kosogorka and when the settlement spot was changed.
After that we went to Local History Museum desiring to find out a documental connection between Frampol and Kosogorka. Ludmila has good contacts there too. We've been given the book called "Printed materials of Podolsk Arch-Diocese Historic-Statistical Committee. Issue 9. Parishes and churches of Podolsk Arch-Diocese." edited by Evfimiy Szinskiy and printed in Kamenets-Podolsk in 1901. The books said about Frampol that a climate is healthy and ground is a black earth. "Frampol appeared in the beginning of eighteen century because of large road from Kamenets-Podolskiy to Proskurov. It was quickly settled especially by Jews. Frampol had 595 houses in 1894 of which there had been 565 Jewish houses, 13 shops…" No descriptions of renaming have been found.
After our visit to the Local History Museum Ludmila has conducted a tour around the city center for us. The city is very clean, green and traffic is not intensive. Maybe it seems this way because there are some streets made especially for pedestrians. One street actually is completely closed for cars. The beautiful central plaza has a great building with tower. It's regional Rada. There are fir-trees in front of the building.
There are only a few Jewish houses left. (house1, house2, house3). Even those left have been redecorated outside. Mostly the facades of the lower levels have been changed. Upper levels still have beautiful decorations, patterns and other special façade features. One of the houses has handsome door with metallic grid. Generally even these houses don't look very old. I think they were built in the beginning of 20-th century. Main street was called Maranzovka (after rich Jew Maranz that owned houses on this street) and renamed to Proskurovskaya now. Current building of the Art Museum is distinguished on this street; it was "South Russian Industrial Bank" before. There is a private house of a Jew Derevoed nearby where he had a pharmacy; it's now a post office.
"Hesed-Besht" is currently restorating a memorial on the site where Jews killed during 1920 pogrom were buried. In 1920 during several hours 1600 Jewish people were killed by robbers. Texts and bas-relieves of the monument are being conciliated, and construction stairs cover the monument itself. The memorial is planned to open in 2001.
After the city tour it was already late and we've been resting in our hotel room. The weather during this day and all the following ones was not appropriate for long walks; it was cloudy, often with showers and freezing wind. Looks like the weather in the Khmelnitskiy region is not stable during month of May.
From my childhood I remembered some strange names of father's birthplace like shtetl Frampol, town Yarmolintsy (the Yarmolintsy district). It seems that is was a small part on a far end of the earth where only Jewish people lived. At the same time the shtetl was seen as a big village because my father walked on those street, conducted long walks to a school, stole apples from the neighbor's garden and watched as his father, a shochet (Jewish ritual slaughterer), worked.
And now we are on the way to the current Kosogorka. In the beginning we've arrived to Yarmolintsy. Our path was going thru the good highway. There are many green trees on the both sides of the road such as poplars, acacias, and chestnuts. Yarmolintsy is a large settlement with 15-20 thousand people but most of the houses there stand in the greens.If one looks more precisely one can see that houses are very accurate, mostly made of brick. We've arrived to Mikhail Danilovych Lahterman and became acquainted with him and his wife, Klavdiya Mikhailovna. Originally she is from Leningrad (called Saint-Petersburg now), she has moved to the motherland of Mikhail Danilovych then where they have grown a son and a daughter and even have grandchildren and great-grandchildren now. Their children live nearby, so the apartment door is never closed because their grandchildren and great-grandchildren do not allow their grandmother and grandfather to be bored. We hadn't stayed long in the comfortable Lahterman's apartment (it's an apartment in the 2-story building for several families) but we've felt the peaceful and agreeable atmosphere in their home.
Mikhail Danilovych was born in 1927 and left the village along with Soviet Army in 1941. Nevertheless the war left a big trace in his family – his father was arrested and killed in Frampol where Mikhail Danilovych have been many times as well. During the war he lived with his mother in Bucharia and then he was recruited to the Soviet Army in 1944. He finished the war in Kenigsberg.
Possibly we were messing up some of family's plans for that day but Mikhail Danilovych has agreed to help us in Kosogorka anyway. He's changed the clothes and we've looked at his war badges. During the trip Mikhail Danilovych has made every possible efforts that we can get all available pieces of information from the natives of this district. We felt that he is authorative old inhabitant of this district and that he has good warm relations with surrounding neighbors.
Childhood years are always bright and joyful even if they are not very nourishing. My father didn't talk much about his childhood possibly because of the absence of good listeners. The Frampol shtetl had a Jewish school where my father studied for 5 years. Last 2 years he studied in the Ukranian school and I remember it was not inside that shtetl. Many villagers died in 1933 when the great hunger came. Father's father Moisha (I was named after him actually) died in 1935. Father's mother name is Brana (My sister is named after her as well as Bronislava). She was often sick and couldn't supply enough food for the family conducting small trades. My father also had an older sister and younger brother.
The distance between Khmelnitskiy and Yarmolintsy is 35 km and we've covered it in 20 minutes. There are another 15 km further to Kosogorka. The signs with the names of the known villages was passing by Tomashevka, Semenovka…and suddenly the sign with big letters appeared – KOSOGORKA (translated as small oblique mountain) though we were expecting another 2 km before the village. We've made pictures of it and the main sign before entering the village as well. The road was going up not very steeply confirming the word "gorka" (small mountain) in the village's name.
Once we've arrived to the top of the mountain the plain open square appeared, it was about 150m long and wide. It was almost empty except for the several covered trade tables that were empty and not used any more as we've found out later. The one-story municipal building stands in the right corner of the square.
Mikhail Danilovych said that Jews lived exactly here, in the middle of the village. I knew that Jews usually lived in the center of the settlement but it looked like that there is not enough space on this square for 1000 Jews who lived in Frampol before the WWII. Ukranian houses stand outside of the square on steeper sides of the mountain. By the way, the mountain is really oblique ("kosaya") and it has some steep and flat parts. Houses stand far from each other with kitchen-gardens nearby, and chickens, gooses and turkeys walk near the houses. All houses are well-built, some of them made of brick. Many green trees grow in the area and the surrounding view is just beautiful.
In the municipality we've talked to a head of administration. He didn't have any lists of inhabitant staff before the war and even didn't know when and why the settlement was renamed from Frampol to Kosogorka. We wanted to talk to old village inhabitants and he allowed us to visit his secretary Garbuz Tat'yana Bronislavovna. Tat'yana Bronislavovna couldn't remember the year of renaming as well. She only remembered that an attempt was made to rename Kosogorka back to Frampol about 10 years ago. But younger inhabitants who had all the documents with stated Kosogorka name were against the name change.
She has taken us to her mother and other elder people who lived during 1920-941 years and could possibly remember Sanya Freider, who ran on these roads, by his last name and the photos. They could not recall him that day, human memory is not perfect.
Kosogorka has 290 houses now but young people leave the village because they can't find work there. Jewish population does not present at all. Actually only one Jewish house is left with standing out rails by the windows on the second floor. Evidently there was a balcony before. The fascists hanged 5 Jews found in the surrounding area right on these rails. Another four Jews were hanged on the tree near this house.
We've talked to the oldest inhabitant in the village Ksenya Grigorievna Polonar (her maiden name is Lizun) who was born in 1909. She couldn't recognize my father of the photo but told stories about joined life of Jews and Ukranians. They were members of different farming cooperatives, Jewish and Ukranian, but sometimes worked in both. Villagers communicated with each other using both languages, Ukranian and Yiddish. Ksenya Grigorievna even said one phrase in Yiddish to our surprise indicating she still has a strong memory. One can feel that very friendly relationships existed in the community before 1941. We've made a photo of the oldest inhabitant in the village and wished her vigour and good health. We asked Ksenya Grigorievna and others who we talked to about the place of killing the Jewish people. Everybody mentioned the Yarmolintsy railstation.
All inhabitants talked to us in the Ukranian language; we thought before that it would be easy to understand most of their speech for us as people from Russia but apparently about half of the words sounded unfamiliar. Ludmila talked to people and then translated everything for us. Accordingly when we talked in Russian it seemed that they understood us with difficulties.
My father had very good grades in school. He knew mathematics and Jewish grammar well, and from time to time he wrote letters in Yiddish during his whole life. Last 2 years of the 7-year education he studied at the Ukranian school. He helped Ukranian pupils with mathematics and in their turn they helped him with the Ukranian language. I remembered only one teacher's name – Harlamb. Teachers from the Jewish school also gave lessons in the Ukranian school.
We were shown a pre-war Jewish school building that was located near the synagogue, the synagogue was not preserved itself. Former school building is a one-story barrack that is currently used as the community club. An obelisk with the names of the villagers who died at the fronts during WWII is located near the school's building. I've made a photo with Larisa, Tat'yana Bronislavovna, Ludmila, and Mikhail Danilovych near the obelisk.
The Ukranian school building also still exists and it was recently repaired for use as a middle school. We've met a director of the school Onapryuk Petr Anatol'evich who exited from the second school's building that serves as a high school. He explained to us that the school has 60 students. Students conduct a research of the village's history but pre-war photos and community lists have not been saved. The director pointed to the heap of bricks nearby and said that a thick stone wall with an arch that looked very old was found inside one of the destroyed Jewish houses. I've read that there was a square trade wall in the center of the shtetl that existed from 18-th century. Actually it was the first thing I was trying to identify upon entering the village.
Tat'yana Bronislavovna remembered the director of the Ukranian school named Harlamb who also taught the German language. He was her teacher too. Harlamb died in 1965. This man lived through the tragedy because during the war fascists caught and killed his guiltless daughter who was hiding in the village. And his wife, Sofia Zalevna, died merely old. Harlamb was the school director before 1941 and after the war. He had a great influence on the children of Frampol and then Kosogorka. His grave together with the wife's grave is located on the Jewish cemetery; we've seen it later.
My grandfather Moisha was buried on the cemetery near the shtetl. My father moved to Leningrad searching for work in 1937. He left his mother, older sister and younger brother in Frampol. I don't know if he came back to Frampol before 1941. In 1940 he was recruited to the Soviet Army and he served in Siberia that's why he started the war near the Kalinin city in 1942. He didn't get any letters from the relatives during the war.
We've made a last observation of the square where the houses of the Frampol shtetl stood a while ago and were directed to the Jewish cemetery. We couldn't see it during our arrival to the village because it's located downhill about 50m to the left of the road sign. A monument to those who were killed during WWII stands near the cemetery entrance. It shows 7 Jewish last names, the heavy plate fell off and lies on the ground. One of the last name says O. Freider, of course it's some unknown to me relative because there were only about 2 families in Frampol with such last name and besides, this last name is rare too.
All graves are located on the territory of 1 hectare. There are about 150-200 tombstones with inscriptions in Hebrew I think. One part of the tombstones fell off and another sunk into the ground. Looks like it's a cemetery from 20th century because number of graves approximately equals to the number of Frampol's inhabitants in the beginning of century. We haven't noted any traces of vandalism. We made pictures of about 15 tombstones that didn't require any special preparations for making a photo. We only cleaned them little bit using a scraper and a brush. Usually there was no inscription on the reverse side of a tombstone. We've been somewhere near to the grave of my grandfather but couldn't identify it because nobody could read the inscriptions on the tombstones. Both front and rear sides of one of the tombstones were in very good condition.
One of plates was inscribed in Russian; it was the plate of the Harlamb's wife, Sofia Zalevna Harlamb. (1905-1955) His undecorated grave was right beside hers. With guilty feeling Tatyana Borisovna said twice that it's a shame that his grave does not have the appropriate tombstone.
In whole, the cemetery is in good shape. Unfortunately we didn't ask whether a number of tombstones decreased during and after the war or maybe they've been used for the cooperative's needs. There are some auxiliary buildings of some villager at the far end of the cemetery.
My father participated in the capturing of Bucharest and Budapest; he finished the war after capturing of Vienna. He returned home in the summer of 1945. After arriving to the village he found that all his relatives were killed by fascist and buried in the large ditch half-alive.
I've already heard such words as "the ground was moving" and "there were pools of blood" which said now Mikhail Danilovych. My father also heard these words then. We've repeated his path to the military base territory that is situated in 200m from the Yarmolintsy railstation. In the beginning this sorrowful path was covered by those who were taken on carts from Frampol, Sharovka and Yarmolintsy. These people lived in giant 3-story barrack waiting for their death. This scary building still stands and looks with empty windows on the world… Nobody could force themselves to use it again. People say that it has mines inside but I think the real reason is different. It's frightful not only enter inside but also even the look of it is scary.
After some waiting time an officer has come and according his order a soldier has opened gates for us to drive in the military base. The territory of the brotherly grave is surrounded by a concrete fence. There is 100m long path that goes to the main monument, a victim with open hands. Memorial plate has the inscription that says " 55 thousands of peaceful people were killed here in October of 1942 year." Behind the monument there is a grave where killed prisoners of war have been buried.
On the left from the path, about 30 m from the main monument, another monument stands in the shape of bouquet of stems. It's built in regard of the killed Jews. "Time link is broken…" There is even another monument on the right side. 18 thousands Jewish people are buried in these two graves only because they were guilty of being Jews. My grandmother Brana and her children are between them.
The memorial is well cared and is in the good shape. Mikhail Danilovych said that soldiers and veterans bring wreathes of memory every year on May 9th. Because of time limitations we had neither flowers, nor wreath. We've made photos of these monuments. One can't be there for long time but can hardly forget this place.
We've arrived to an old Jewish cemetery situated in a forest near a road to Kadievka. This cemetery was founded in 1910. It's not in the good shape. Its state was improved during cleanup actions conducted by "Hesed-Besht". Ludmila told us about this fact. Most of the tombstones and plates are broken and fallen down. Latest inscribed tombstones are in Russian and dated by 1978 year.
A monument and two graves are very distinguished between others; these are graves of the people from the "Joint" organization killed in 1920. They are professor Israel Fridlander (1876-10.07.1920) and rabbi Bernard Kantor (1892-10.07.1920). According to the inscriptions on the tombstone they came here with missionary goal to help Jews suffered during the civil war. The monument was placed by "Joint" in 1923 and restorated by "Hesed-Besht" in 2001. The son-in-law of Mikhail Danilovych rendered a big help for this restoration. I've made photos of Larisa, Ludmila and separately Mikhail Danilovych near this grave
Some of the village inhabitants and Mikhail Danilovych remembered that the local historian Alexander Semenovich Snegur also was showing an interested about killed people during the war. We've visited the regional Art and Learning Studio where he works. He explained that he is currently preparing lists of peaceful inhabitants who were killed during the war in this region for a publication. Upon understanding who we are he has shown the lists to us. Our last name was not on the list. We added name of my grandmother. Alexander Semenovich studies also a history of Jewish shtetls in the Yarmolintsy district. He gave us a list of such shtetls: Mihampol (Mihalpol), Sharovka, Solobkovzi, Frampol, and Yarmolintsy. Also he gave us his book about history of Yarmolintsy as a present. He seemed to be very passionate and enthusiastic person. We wished him good luck in such difficult task.
Our trip program was finished for today and we came back to Khmelnitskiy.

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Giang hồ đoạt kiếp - Hồi 01
Lữ khách trong tuyết lạnh
Ngày đăng 11-02-2012
Tổng cộng 55 hồi
Đánh giá 8.7/10 với 237336 lượt xem
Bầu trời trắng xóa bởi những bông tuyết phủ khắp nơi. Không gian như nhuốm toàn một màu trắng, một màu trắng tinh anh và thuần khiết chẳng một vết bẩn nào. Trong màu trắng đó là tiết trời giá buốt. Buốt đến tận xương tủy thì đúng hơn. Với tiết trời thế này thì chẳng một ai rong ruổi trên đường, mà chỉ quanh quẩn bên một đống lửa để sưởi ấm xụ đi cái giá rét căt da, cắt thịt. Thế nhưng trong cái tiết trời lạnh giá đó vẫn có một người lữ hành lầm lũi thả những bước chân đều đặn đi trong màn trắng của tuyết lạnh. Ngoài chiếc áo choàng khoác bằng vải gai, không đủ xua đi cái lạnh của tuyết trắng, nhưng y vẫn thả bước đều như thể sự giá rét kia chẳng hề ảnh hưởng đến y. Những dấu chân của y in trên nền tuyết, hết dấu chân này lại đến dấu chân khác, khoảng cách thật đều nhau.
Y đến được Giang Châu thì trời cũng đã sẩm tối. Vầng nhật quang chìm hẳn xuống thì bầu trời càng rét mướt hơn, càng giá lạnh hơn. Y đi thẳng một mạch đến tòa biệt trang Thái A bảo.
Trung niên bước qua ngôi tam quan, ngay lập tức từ trong đại đường của Thái A bảo, hai ả a hoàn cầm dù hối hả bước ra đón y.
Người của biệt trang Thái A bảo như thể biết được y sẽ đến trong thời khắc này.
Hai ả a hoàn bước đến che dù cho y. Mặc dù biết hai ả a hoàn đó chỉ là phận nô nữ trong biệt trang Thái A bảo nhưng trung niên vẫn ôm quyền xá.
Y vừa xá hai nữ nô nữ của biệt trang Thái A bảo vừa nói :
- Tại hạ Tiêu Viên muốn gặp Bảo chủ Thái A bảo Cung Nhật Minh.
Hai ả nô nữ xá Tiêu Viên một cách thành kính.
Ả đứng bên trái nói :
- Lão nhân gia biết thế nào tôn giá cũng đến và đang chờ tôn giá trong tiền khách sảnh của Thái A bảo.
Tiêu Viên lại ôm quyền xá.
Y cùng với hai ả nô nữ đi thẳng vào đại sảnh.
Đến cửa đại sảnh tiền đường Thái A bảo, Tiêu Viên cởi chiếc áo khoác bằng vải gai cẩn thận gấp lại.
Y sợ như thể đem chiếc áo khoác bằng vải gai kia đã nhuộm bụi đường vào tòa tiền sảnh của Thái A lầu sẽ làm nhuốm bẩn nền gạch bóng và sạch, nên để ngoài mái hiên. Y lưỡng lự rồi bước vào.
Thái A bảo Bảo chủ dáng người tao nhã, bước ra đón Tiêu Viên.
Vuốt chòm râu đen nhánh, Cung Nhật Minh nói :
- Tiêu các hạ! Lão phu chờ các hạ lâu lắm rồi.
Lão cười giả lả nói tiếp :
- Mời vào! Mời vào!
Cung Nhật Minh chắt lưỡi rồi nói :
- Tiêu hiệp khách sáo quá! Sao lại để áo khoác ngoài này. Để lão phu đưa vào trong phơi khô cho Tiêu hiệp.
Tiêu Viên ôm quyền xá :
- Bảo chủ! Xin đừng khách sáo đón tiếp tại hạ bằng sự đãi ngộ trọng thị. Tiêu mỗ đến Thái A bảo rồi sẽ đi ngay. Tại hạ không muốn mất thời gian nhiều.
Cung Nhật Minh nheo mày :
- Ơ kìa... Tiêu hiệp đã đến đây, lão phu phải đãi lễ thượng khách đối với Tiêu hiệp chứ.
Cung Nhật Minh lại rối rít nói :
- Mời Tiêu hiệp...
Thái A bảo Bảo chủ cùng Tiêu Viên bước đến bên lò sưởi. Tiêu Viên hơ tay lên lò sưởi trong khi Bảo chủ thì trịnh trọng lấy bầu rượu đã hâm nóng từ trước chuốc ra chén.
Lão vừa chuốc rượu vừa nói :
- Tiêu hiệp hẳn có mang đến thứ mà lão phu cần?
Tiêu Viên gật đầu :
- Tại hạ đã làm tận hết sức mình.
Thái A bảo chủ Cung Nhật Minh vuốt râu mỉm cười nhìn Tiêu Viên:
- Lão phu biết, chuyện này chỉ có Tiêu hiệp mới làm được mà thôi. Thời gian thế mà đã ba năm rồi nhỉ. Tiêu hiệp đã lặn lội suốt ba năm trời
trong giang hồ.
Lão chắt lưỡi nói tiếp :
- Thời gian ba năm quả là nhiều.
- Nhưng những gì Thái A bảo Bảo chủ giao cho tại hạ làm cũng không có gì nặng nề lắm.
Cung Nhật Minh nhìn Tiêu Viên. Lão đặt chén rượu vào tay y :
- Chúc mừng Tiêu hiệp đã trở về. Nào! Cùng uống cạn với lão phu.
- Đa tạ Bảo chủ.
Hai người cùng cạn chén. Tiêu Viên đặt chén xuống bàn.
Thái A bảo chủ Cung Nhật Minh nói :
- Mặc dù là một công việc không nặng nhọc, nhưng không phải ai cũng làm được. Chỉ có một người duy nhất làm được đó là Tiêu hiệp.
- Bảo chủ quá khen, tại hạ hổ thẹn vô vùng.
Cung Nhật Minh lại chuốc rượu vào chén của Tiêu Viên.
Lão vừa chuốc rượu vừa nói :
- Tiêu hiệp có đem thứ lão phu cần đến đây không?
Tiêu Viên gật đầu :
- Y rút trong ngực áo ra một phong thư được niêm cẩn thận, đặt lên bàn, rồi nói :
- Tất cả những gì của Thái A bảo, Tiêu Viên trao lại cho Thái A bảo.
Nhận lấy phong thư của Tiêu Viên, Cung Nhật Minh nói :
- Những gì các hạ đã làm, Thái A bảo vô cùng cảm kích.
Tiêu Viên khẽ lắc đầu :
- Bảo chủ, tại hạ làm tất cả vì Thái A bảo không phải để nhận một lời cảm tạ của Bảo chủ.
Thái A bảo chủ bật lên tràng cười khành khạch :
- Lão phu biết các hạ muốn gì! Rất biết! Rất biết!
Lão chìa chén rượu đặt trước mặt Tiêu Viên :
- Mời các hạ.
Tiêu Viên không hề khách sáo đáp lại lời của Thái A bảo chủ Cung Nhật Minh mà dốc luôn chén rượu vào miệng.
Sau khi uống cạn chén rượu với Tiêu Viên, Thái A bảo chủ Cung Nhật Minh nói :
- Lão phu thỉnh mời các hạ.
Hai người rời đại sảnh, bước qua một gian thư phòng. Trong gian thư phòng này của Thái A bảo chẳng có gì ngoài một chiếc rương nhỏ để trên bàn.
Thái A bảo chủ chỉ chiếc rương :
- Mời Tiêu các hạ nhìn qua.
Tiêu Viên bước đến mở nắp chiếc rương nhỏ. Ánh kim ngân vàng chói nhuộm cả khuôn mặt chữ điền của Tiêu Viên.
Tiêu Viên nhìn số kim lượng trong chiếc rương một lúc rồi đậy nắp lại. Y nhìn lại Thái A bảo chủ Cung Nhật Minh, ôm quyền nói :
- Đây mới đúng là lời cảm tạ tri ân mà tại hạ đang cần. Nhưng có một điều Tiêu mỗ muốn thỉnh giáo Bảo chủ.
Cung Nhật Minh ôm quyền đáp lễ, nhã nhặn nói :
- Tiêu các hạ có điều gì xin cứ nói.
- Công việc Tiêu mỗ làm không đến nỗi quá nặng nề mà Bảo chủ ban phát cho bấy nhiêu kim lượng, có quá thiệt thòi cho Bảo chủ không?
Thái A bảo chủ Cung Nhật Minh giả lả. Lão vừa cười vừa nói :
- Không đáng là bao! Không đáng là bao. Lão phu nói rồi, có những công việc đặc biệt và chỉ có những con người phi thường như Tiêu các hạ mới khả dĩ làm được. Kim lượng không là gì đối với lão phu cả, quan trọng hơn tất cả là công việc đã hoàn thành. So với những gì Tiêu các hạ đã làm thì số ngân lượng này chẳng đáng là bao. Thậm chí còn có phần thiệt thòi cho Tiêu các hạ nữa.
Tiêu Viên khoát tay :
- Thái A bảo chủ! Bao nhiêu đây quá đủ đến với Tiêu mỗ.
Y ôm quyền xá :
- Thái A bảo chủ! Đường về quê nhà còn xa! Tiêu mỗ xin cáo từ.
Thái A bảo chủ trố mắt ngạc nhiên nhìn Tiêu Viên :
- Tiêu các hạ định đi ngay bây giờ à?
Tiêu Viên gật đầu :
- Tại hạ định cáo từ Thái A bảo chủ.
Cung Nhật Minh vuốt râu nhíu mày, chắt lưỡi :
- Sao Tiêu Viên huynh lại đi sớm vậy? Đêm đã xuống rồi, tiết trời lại giá buốt lạnh lẽo. Tiêu các hạ không ngại sao?
- Với tại hạ chẳng có gì ngại cả.
Tiêu Viên ôm quyền, nhưng Cung Nhật Minh đã cản lại :
- Tiêu các hạ, lão phu muốn đối ẩm với các hạ, ngày mai các hạ lên đường cũng không muộn. Hãy lưu lại Thái A bảo đêm nay. Lão phu sẽ sắp xếp chu toàn cho các hạ lên đường.
- Tại hạ muốn quay về quê sau khi làm xong phận sự của mình.
- Tiêu huynh không thể lưu lại đây sao?
Tiêu Viên lưỡng lự rồi gật đầu :
- Thôi được! Ngày mai Tiêu mỗ sẽ sớm lên đường vậy.
Hai người quay trở ra đại sảnh đường, tiếp tục đối ẩm.
Đối ẩm được bốn tuần rượu, Tiêu Viên đứng lên, ôm quyền nói :
- Tiêu Viên vô cùng cảm kích Thái A bảo Bảo chủ. Đêm đã khuya tại hạ không dám làm phiền lão Bảo chủ.
- Lão phu cũng không dám làm phiền Tiêu các hạ.
Thái A bảo Bảo chủ Cung Nhật Minh sai a hoàn đưa Tiêu Viên về gian thượng khách phòng. Lão không quên cho người đưa chiếc rương kim lượng vào thượng khách phòng của họ Tiêu.
Ả a hoàn đóng cửa, nhìn Tiêu Viên nhỏ nhẹ nói :
- Tiêu tôn giá! Tiểu Tiểu được lệnh của lão thái gia, ở lại hầu Tiêu tôn giá.
Tiêu Viên nhìn nàng từ đầu đến chân. Y suy nghĩ một lúc rồi nói :
- Thái A bảo Bảo chủ quá tốt đối với tại hạ.
Y nhìn Tiểu Tiểu mỉm cười nói :
- Tiểu Tiểu cô nương có ý hầu hạ Tiêu mỗ như thế nào?
- Tiểu Tiểu hầu hạ Tiêu tôn giá bất cứ những gì tôn giá cần.
Tiêu Viên lấy trong ngực áo ra chiếc túi vải rồi nói :
- Tốt lắm! Tiêu mỗ không khách sáo. Nếu như cô nương có ý như vậy.
Y để túi vải lên bàn :
- Tiểu Tiểu cô nương có thể giúp Tiêu mỗ sắp xếp tất cả số kim lượng này vào túi vải được không?
- Bất cứ điều gì sai, Tiểu Tiểu sẽ làm.
Tiểu Tiểu nói rồi bước đến cẩn thận xếp tất cả số kim lượng trong rương vào trong túi vải.
Tiêu Viên ngồi uống rượu nhìn nàng xếp kim lượng vào túi. Y nhìn Tiểu Tiểu bằng ánh mắt bàng quan, chẳng có chút biểu cảm gì.
Chờ cho Tiểu Tiểu xếp hết tất cả những thỏi vàng vào túi vải, Tiêu Viên mới bước đến bên nàng. Y lấy một nén vàng đặt vào tay Tiểu Tiểu :
- Cô nương làm rất tốt, Tiêu mỗ tặng cô nương nén vàng này.
Tiểu Tiểu lắc đầu :
- Tiêu tôn giá! Đây là phận sự của Tiểu Tiểu.
Tiêu Viên khoát tay :
- Tiểu Tiểu cô nương đừng ngại. Có làm thì tất phải có hưởng. Hãy giữ lấy nén vàng này.
Tiểu Tiểu lưỡng lự.
Tiêu Viên mỉm cười khích lệ nàng :
- Tiểu Tiểu cô nương đừng phụ lòng Tiêu mỗ.
Tiểu Tiểu ôm quyền, nhún người xá Tiêu Viên :
- Tiểu Tiểu đa tạ tôn giá! Tiểu Tiểu mạn phép hỏi tôn giá còn cần gì nơi Tiểu Tiểu?
Tiêu Viên quay lại ghế ngồi.
Tiểu Tiểu nhìn theo y.
Sau khi yên vị, Tiêu Viên mới từ tốn nói :
- Những gì Tiêu mỗ cần Tiểu Tiểu cô nương làm thì cô nương đã làm rồi. Tiêu mỗ không còn gì để nhờ nữa.
- Tiểu Tiểu có thể hầu rượu Tiêu gia qua đêm?
- Tiêu mỗ cũng thích như vậy, nhưng đêm nay Tiêu mỗ không dám làm phiền đến ai cả. Nếu có việc gì cần, Tiêu mỗ sẽ nhờ đến Tiểu Tiểu cô nương.
Tiểu Tiểu nhìn Tiêu Viên nhỏ nhẹ nói :
- Nếu Tiêu tôn giá không cần nữa, Tiểu Tiểu xin cáo từ.
Tiêu Viên đứng lên, khẽ gật đầu. Y tiễn nàng ra đến cửa rồi đóng lại. Quay vào thượng khách phòng, Tiêu Viên đến bên bàn. Y đặt bàn tay vào túi kim lượng, đôi mắt vào một điểm hư vô nào đó.
Không biết Tiêu Viên đang nghĩ gì những trông dáng điệu y có vẻ tư lự, thỉnh thoảng lại điểm nụ cười mỉm. Y đứng như thế một lúc rồi quay bước đến bên cửa sổ, đôi mắt nhìn ra ngoài hoa viên. Y mơ hồ tưởng tượng đến thời khắc quay lại quê nhà.
Tiêu Viên nhẩm nói :
- Tiêu Lân! Thế là cha sắp gặp lại con.
Thốt ra một câu nói đó, miệng Tiêu Viên điểm một nụ cười thỏa mãn.
Y nói tiếp :
- Ngọc Lan! Đây là lần cuối cùng huynh bước vào giang hồ rồi quay trở lại. Nơi cõi hư vô nàng đừng giận huynh, chỉ một lần này thôi và mãi không bao giờ quay lại giang hồ, chỉ một lần vì Tiêu Lân con của huynh và muội.
Y đứng chắp tay sau lưng mơ hồ như người đang thả mình trôi vào những hoài ức vu vơ không thật.
Tiêu Viên đứng như thế mãi suốt một canh giờ, dõi tâm thức vào những hoài ức xa xôi mơ hồ.
Chân diện của Tiêu Viên chợt có những nét thay đổi, y đang bước trở lại bàn, bưng bầu rượu chuốc ra hai cái chén.
Y nhìn chén rượu, nhạt nhẽo nói :
- Các hạ thích uống rượu hay thích túi kim lượng của Tiêu mỗ?
Chẳng biết Tiêu Viên nói với ai khi trong gian thượng khách phòng chỉ có mỗi mình y?
Tiêu Viên chờ một lúc rồi nói tiếp :
- Nếu các hạ không thích chén rượu của Tiêu mỗ thì có thể đi đi, Tiêu mỗ không thích có người lạ lén lút trên nóc phòng của Tiêu mỗ đâu.
Vẫn không có ai đáp lời Tiêu Viên.
Tiêu Viên lắc đầu :
- Lạ thật! Lại thêm một người nữa. Chẳng biết các người muốn gì nơi Tiêu mỗ mà thập thò như vậy? Có gì thì hãy bước vào đây, Tiêu Viên không khách sao khi hồi tiếp các vị huynh đệ đâu.
Vẫn không ai đáp lời Tiêu Viên.
Tiêu Viên bất ngờ, hất mạnh chén rượu về phía của sổ. Động tác hất rượu của Tiêu Viên trông rất bình thường, nhưng số rượu trong chén lại không bình thường chút nào. Số rượu trong chén như thể bị đặc lại chẳng khác nào một thứ ám tiễn với sức công phá dữ dội.
Khối rượu nện thẳng vào cửa sổ.
Chát!
Cánh cửa sổ bị thủng ngay một lổ vừa vặn với khối rượu đó, đồng thời một tiếng rú cất lên :
- Ối!
Tiếng thốt kia còn lồng lộng thì cửa thượng khách phòng bật ra.
Rầm!
Từ ngoài hành lang bước vào gian thượng khách phòng của Tiêu Viên là bốn người vận hắc y dạ hành bó chẻn. Tất cả đều bịt mặt chỉ chừa lại những ánh mắt lạnh lùng và tàn nhẫn.
Tiêu Viên cau mày hỏi :
- Tiêu mỗ chẳng thích trò này chút nào.

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[Bản vẽ auto cad mẫu, từ 61 đến 90](http://www.lemenbros.com/2012/04/ban-ve-auto-cad-mau-tu-61-den-90.html)
Bộ sưu tập bản vẽ auto cad mẫu từ 61 đến 90
DOWNLOAD AUTO CAD CÁC CÔNG TRÌNH TRÊN
MẪU NHÀ ĐẸP AUTO CAD,
MẪU NHÀ ĐẸP AUTO CAD,
MẪU BIỆT THỰ ĐẸP AUTO CAD,
- 1. Bản vẽ sân vận động Tổ chim, Bắc Kinh, Trung Quốc
- 2.National Theater, Beijing China. Nhà hát quốc gia, Bắc Kinh, Trung Quốc
- 3. CCTV, Beijing China.
- 4. Canopy , Jiangxi China.
- 5. NTU sports center, Taipei Taiwan.
- 6. Guan Yu Effigy, Shanxi China.
DOWNLOAD AUTO CAD CÁC CÔNG TRÌNH TRÊN
[CÔNG TRÌNH NỔI TIẾNG](http://www.lemenbros.com/2012/02/ban-ve-auto-cad-cac-cong-trinh-quoc-gia.html) ![ national_stadium](http://sap2000.org/images/national_stadium.jpg)
MẪU NHÀ ĐẸP AUTO CAD,
[MẪU AUTO CAD SỐ 61](http://www.lemenbros.com/2011/12/auto-cad-mau-nha-ep-so-61.html) ![](http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E7JiHdpnBlc/TtzBSabG7SI/AAAAAAAAaQ4/W3SLb0AVRzE/s400/mau%2Bso%2B61.png)
MẪU NHÀ ĐẸP AUTO CAD,
[MẪU AUTO CAD SỐ 62](http://www.lemenbros.com/2011/12/mau-biet-thu-so-62-co-kem-file-auto-cad.html) ![](http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ztaN5xA6eF8/TtzCSWe6W0I/AAAAAAAAaSA/-nPxMH9axOI/s400/biet%2Bthu%2B62.png)
MẪU BIỆT THỰ ĐẸP AUTO CAD,
[MẪU AUTO CAD SỐ 63](http://www.lemenbros.com/2011/12/mau-biet-thu-co-kieu-phap-mau-so-63.html) ![](http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IFZP3hBUK2I/TtzHuP7aE-I/AAAAAAAAaUs/dcbOKCf_QYM/s400/biet%2Bthu%2Bso%2B63.png)
MẪU AUTO CAD BIỆT THỰ,
[MẪU SỐ 64](http://www.lemenbros.com/2011/12/kien-truc-biet-thu-kieu-phap-mau-so-64.html) ![](http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QIeh0vsTumI/TtzHvo3FWSI/AAAAAAAAaVc/GDjfmxueMMQ/s400/biet%2Bthu%2B63%2B3.png)
MẪU NHÀ PHỐ FILE AUTO CAD,
[MẪU AUTOCAD SỐ 65](http://www.lemenbros.com/2012/03/mau-nha-pho-auto-cad-mau-free-download.html) ![](http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tv6rgpa0O7Y/T3CTxm_bCWI/AAAAAAAAb1Y/28rZ7yN5oP0/s400/libcad139jak.jpg)
MẪU NỘI THẤT,
[MẪU NỘI THẤT AUTO CAD SỐ 66](http://www.lemenbros.com/2012/03/mau-thiet-ke-noi-that-mau-so-66.html) ![](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-irjCCbbkgA8/T3CULBrsaDI/AAAAAAAAb1k/j4UuT5Wnv78/s400/libcad1562606.jpg)
MẪU NHÀ BIỆT THỰ ĐẸP,
[MẪU AUTO CAD SỐ 67](http://www.lemenbros.com/2012/03/mau-biet-thu-nha-vui-file-auto-cad-ep.html) ![](http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ITacHessfGc/T3CUqdv6pHI/AAAAAAAAb1w/_nuwfWxKjAY/s400/libcad214260610%252C%2BBan%2Bve%2BNha%2BVui.png)
MẪU KHUNG KÈO THÉP ZAMIL,
[MẪU AUTO CAD SỐ 68](http://www.lemenbros.com/2012/03/ban-ve-auto-cad-khung-keo-thep-zamil.html) ![](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7fiytaujLYU/T3CVOv6m3MI/AAAAAAAAb18/BYZgCpEL4-8/s400/libcadKhung_Zamil.png)
MẪU KHUNG KÈO THÉP NHÀ XƯỞNG,
[MẪU AUTOCAD 69](http://www.lemenbros.com/2012/03/ban-ve-auto-cad-khung-keo-thep-nha.html) ![](http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-V52k8lUYJfY/T3CVfwiWBFI/AAAAAAAAb2I/BFFRIU7HOZ4/s400/libcadnhaxuong219.png)
MẪU RESORT KHÁCH SẠN NHẬT BẢN -
## 7 comments:
## Đăng nhận xét

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CÁC TIN KHÁC »
ĐỌC NHIỀU NHẤT»
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| Kinh tế Mỹ giảm 0.1%, lần đầu trong hơn 3 năm
Wednesday, January 30, 2013 4:43:35 PM
Bộ Thương Mại Mỹ hôm Thứ Tư cho hay nền kinh tế co cụm khoảng 0.1% trong quý thứ tư, so với mức phát triển 3.1% trong quý 3 (từ Tháng Bảy đến Tháng Chín) và là lần co cụm đầu tiên kể từ năm 2009.
Các kinh tế gia cho hay sự giảm sút bất ngờ trong Tổng sản lượng Nội địa (GDP) coi vậy không quá tệ hại vì do ảnh hưởng của các biện pháp tạm thời như cắt giảm ngân sách của chính phủ.
Mức xuất cảng của Mỹ cũng xuống thấp nhất trong gần bốn năm qua, nhiều phần vì tình hình kinh tế suy thoái ở Âu Châu và mức phát triển chậm ở Trung Quốc cùng là một số quốc gia đang phát triển khác.
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