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Nonuniform Characteristics of a Horizontal Grounding Electrode

This paper has investigated the nonuniform characteristics of a counterpoise based on the frequency-dependence of R, L, C, and G and propagation parameters identified from measured results of transient voltages and currents on the counterpoise. It becomes clear that the characteristic impedance is significantly length-dependent (i.e non-uniform, at a high frequency). As the frequency tends to infinity, the maximum value of the characteristic impedance is almost the same irrespective of its geometry, physical constants and soil conditions. However, the characteristic impedance at a section near to source end is far smaller than that near to the remote end. The apparent series impedance increases and the admittance decreases for a counterpoise section farther to the source end. The propagation constant shows less noticeable nonuniformity than that for the characteristic impedance.