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Assessment and classification of never operated and recurrent cryptoglandular fistulas‐in‐ano using hydrogen peroxide enhanced transanal ultrasound

Classification and visualization of fistula‐in ano is used to determine surgical treatment according to the type of fistula, predict the recurrence rate and incontinence risk and compare the results of treatment published in literature. Hydrogen peroxide enhanced transanal ultrasound (HPUS) with the peroxide introduced through the external opening of the fistula gives a clear and accurate visualization of the track in relation to the sphincters. The aim of this study was to review never operated and recurrent cryptoglandular fistulas‐in‐ano visualized with the aid of HPUS in order to establish the anatomical differences.