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Structural Adaptation of Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. to Its Natural Habitats in Egypt

Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. is a widespread medicinal, grazing and salt-tolerant desert plant able to grow in different habitats. The present study aims to detect anatomical adaptation in different organs of D.tortuosa plant to stress factors (salinity, and drought). The plant was collected from 17 localities, representing seven different habitats in Egypt (sand dunes, sand flats, salt marshes, wadi bed & slope, roadsides and cultivated lands).The effect of soil factors (soil texture, pH, EC, and organic matter) on the anatomical features of the different plant organs (root, stem and leaf) were studied. Variations among the plant anatomical features in accordance with the significant differences among the soil parameters (EC,organic carbon and ionic content) among different desert habitats were detected. From CCA analysis, thickness of periderm is correlated with the change in concentration of ions (Ca+2, K+ and Na+), while cortex width found to be correlated with the change in pH and organic matter content in roots. Meanwhile, sclerification in the stem, and the widest chlorenchyma cells is correlated with the degree of salinity in the habitats. In leave development, thick epidermis and wide xylem area are essential for salt excretion and water conservation is correlated with change in moisture content. Reducing plant water loss in the studied desert habitats, might explain the successful growth and survival of D. tortuosa under such severe conditions.