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Biologic validation of EPR image oxygen thresholds in tissue.

Measuring molecular oxygen levels in vivo has been the cornerstone of understanding the effects of hypoxia in normal tissues and malignant tumors. Here we discuss the advances in a variety of partial pressure of oxygen (pO2 ) measurements and imaging techniques and relevant oxygen thresholds. A focus on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging shows the validation of treating hypoxic tumors with a threshold of pO2 ≤ 10 torr, and demonstrates utility for in vivo oxygen imaging, as well as its current and future role in cancer studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.