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X-ray optics simulation and beamline design using a hybrid method: diffraction-limited focusing mirrors

A hybrid method combining ray-tracing and wavefront propagation was recently developed for X-ray optics simulation and beamline design optimization. One major application of the hybrid method is its ability to assess the effects of figure errors on the performance of focusing mirrors. In the present work, focusing profiles of mirrors with different figure errors are simulated using three available wave optics methods: the hybrid code based on the Fourier optics approach, the stationary phase approximation and a technique based on the direct Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction integral. The advantages and limitations of each wave optics method are discussed. We also present simulations performed using the figure errors of an elliptical cylinder mirror measured at APS using microstitching interferometry. These results show that the hybrid method provides accurate and quick evaluation of the expected mirror performance making it a useful tool for designing diffraction-limited focusing beamlines.