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Artificial Neural Networks and BPPC Features for Detecting COVID-19 and Severity Level

Since vaccination started, the COVID-19 scenario has improved. On the other hand, although the number of deaths has significantly dropped, the number of new cases is still a concern. Thus, patient tracking and follow-up are essential tasks, and chest X-ray examination is the first-order tool. While several studies using CXR and computing have been developed, they did not translate into clinical applications yet. One of the reasons is the computational effort required to run huge deep learning models and its high cost to be adopted in community clinics. Therefore, this work proposes a lightweight (few computational resources needed), fast (training and inference time), and reasoned solution for automatic COVID-19 detection and assessment of its severity. Our method is based on extracting features by Binary Pattern of Phase Congruency (BPPC) in segmented CXR images. Radiomic features are extracted from the segmented CXR image, and an SVM-based selection process is used to build two models of a shallow Feed-Forward network. The results surpass previous studies, with an average accuracy for COVID-19 detection of 98.71%. For images without evidence of infection but with a positive PCR test, an accuracy of 94.74% is reached. In a second task, the severity level of COVID 19 is estimated with an AUC of 98.92%. This high performance helps improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and severity assessment of COVID19 infection, proving to be a viable option in transitioning from a research field to a clinical environment.