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Evaluating the Risk of Eye Injuries: Intraocular Pressure During High Speed Projectile Impacts

Purpose: To evaluate the risk of eye injuries by determining intraocular pressure during high speed projectile impacts. Methods: A pneumatic cannon was used to impact eyes with a variety of projectiles at multiple velocities. Intraocular pressure was measured with a small pressure sensor inserted through the optic nerve. A total of 36 tests were performed on 12 porcine eyes with a range of velocities between 6.2 m/s and 66.5 m/s. Projectiles selected for the test series included a 6.35 mm diameter metal ball, a 9.25 mm diameter aluminum rod, and an 11.16 mm diameter aluminum rod. Experiments were designed with velocities in the range of projectile consumer products such as toy guns. Results: A range of intraocular pressures ranged between 2017 mmHg to 26426 mmHg (39 psi–511 psi). Four of the 36 impacts resulted in globe rupture. Conclusions: Intraocular pressures dramatically above normal physiological pressure were observed for high speed projectile impacts. These pressure data provide critical insight to chronic ocular injuries and long-term complications such as glaucoma and cataracts.