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An Evaluation of the Role of Semi-Transparent Relining in the Conservation of Thangka Paintings

Abstract Thangkas (Tibetan painted banners) are composite objects and, when in use, they are frequently rolled and unrolled. The painted part is rendered on both sides and often bears an inscription recalling the thangka's consecration ceremony. These inscriptions should not be obscured as they give spiritual dimension to the thangka. After briefly describing the technique of Tibetan painting and the most frequently encountered conservation problems, the issue of relining is discussed, keeping in mind the need for legibility of the inscription and respect for the material characteristics. Collaboration between painting and textile conservators is essential. A technique of transparent relining with silk crepeline using reactivation of acrylic adhesive and hand pressure is proposed, which respects both the physical characteristics and spiritual meaning of the thangka. It also proves safe and efficient in consolidating the damaged elements. Alternative approaches using materials available in the Himalayan region are studied; this introduces the concept of a sustainable technique that can be applied to all teaching programmes in the field.