{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03531438415159346, 'fraction_numerical': 0.009474590869939707, 'mean_word_length': 5.564971751412429, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Videocapillaroscopy, Insulin-Induced Skin Lipohypertrophy, and Bruising: A Preliminary Approach

Background: Lipohypertrophy (LH) is a frequent cutaneous complication in people with insulin-treated type-2 DM (IT-T2DM). Its pathogenesis is not fully known, however. Retinal and kidney microangiopathy (MIA) is also frequent in such patients, especially in case of poor metabolic control. Aim: To assess whether specific nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC) patterns could be identified in MIA-affected IT-T2DM patients, thus eventually helping explain LH pathogenesis. Methods: 50 IT-T2DM patients with LH and 50 without LH undergoing NVC were enrolled. All followed a multiple daily injection regimen and had established retinal and renal microangiopathic complications. Results: While confirming expected MIA-related skin changes in both groups, our data failed to detect any specific NVC pattern in LH-affected patients yet showed the most severe NVC changes to be significantly associated with HbA1c values over 9%. Conclusion: Severe NVC-assessed MIA lesions reflect longstanding poor metabolic control in IT-T2DM rather than contributing to LH pathogenesis.