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Technological Prospection on Membranes Containing Silver Nanoparticles for Water Disinfection.

BACKGROUND
Membrane separation is an established technological process, and since 1980s, it has been used commercially at large industrial plants worldwide. Water and wastewater disinfection is one of the applications of membrane technologies, but fouling and biofouling are still a challenge for the sector. The use of silver nanoparticles in membranes has attracted research interest because of their biocidal action.


METHODS
This technology foresight study investigates the academic literature and patenting activity to map out the technological progress and difficulties in the area.


RESULTS
One hundred and sixty-seven articles on the subject published between 2005 and 2017 were retrieved, and it was found that the greatest number of publications were undertaken in 2016. A wide range of materials being used to make membranes and institutions involved in researching this technology were identified. Fifty-nine patents of relevance were also retrieved, with 2011 and 2013 seeing the highest number of patent applications filed.


CONCLUSION
The countries with the most academic output and priority patents are the United States and China, but no institution stands out from the others in this area.