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Electrochromic oxides: microstructures and optical properties

This paper attempts to lay down a foundation for a comprehensive theory of electrochromism among oxides. It is pointed out that crystals of all the well known electrochromic metal (Me) oxides are composed of MeO6 octahedra in various corner-sharing and edge-sharing arrangements. In electrochromic thin films there are cluster-type and columnar microstructures based on the MeO6 units. The coordination of the ions leads to schematic electronic bandstructures that, at least for the (defect) perovskite and rutile lattices, are able to explain the presence or absence of cathodic and anodic electrochromism. Small polaron absorption prevails in disordered oxides.