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Review of Mix Proportion Design Methods for Fly Ash Concrete with Machine-Made Sand

Fly ash (FA) is always used as the pulverized admixture of concrete with machine-made sand to improve the bad workability of fresh concrete such as lower flowing and serious bleeding. According to the specification of Chinese standard, there are three ways of admixing FA into concrete including the additional admixing, the equal-mass replacing cement and the over-mass replacing cement. This paper researches the possibility for unifying these three ways in the mix proportion design of concrete with machine-made sand by fitting the test data with the formula of water to cement ratio. The regression coefficients are given out corresponding to these three ways, the influences of FA on concrete are discussed. The issues in current mix proportion design methods are pointed out. To efficiently play the function of FA as the beneficial admixture of concrete, the activity of FA should be considered as a key factor in the mix proportion design of concrete.