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NIBG: an efficient near-infrared spectroscopy-based device for tele-monitoring blood glucose level of diabetes outpatients in an e-health system

Major conventional blood glucose measuring systems pose a lot of inconveniences to diabetes patients, such as recurring pains incurred from finger-prick, infections from biosensor implant into the subcutaneous tissue, recurring costs incurred from the purchase of strips and biosensors, and inability to perform real-time monitoring of blood glucose with such devices, making them unsuitable for e-health systems. This paper proposes a pain-free, non-infectious and non-invasive blood glucometer (NIBG) for blood glucose measurement and monitoring. The device is based on near infrared (NIR) transmittance spectroscopy which does not involve pricking into the blood capillary during measurement thereby reducing the risk of micro-vascular complication associated with invasive methods. Also the approach may reduce blood glucose measurement apathy thereby preventing long-term complications of diabetes. Both the validation and clinical trial tests results indicated that the device is clinically accurate.