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Type 2 diabetes and obesity in young adults.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) occurs when there is an inadequate secretion of insulin in response to varying degrees of overnutrition, inactivity, consequential overweight or obesity, and insulin resistance. T2DM is generally regarded as a disease of older adults but a recent study in the United States found a sharp increase since 1990 in the prevalence and incidence of the disease among a younger population. This earlier onset of the disease is important because of the effect on productive life years and long-term burden on the healthcare system. In 2003, T2DM accounted for 5.1% of the total burden of disease in Australia.3 Australia's Health 2014 reported that, although 92% of new cases of T2DM occurred in those aged >=40 years, in 2011-12 there were 430 new cases among children and young people aged 10-24 years.4 The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study from 2002 found that 5.7% of participants aged 25-34 years had abnormal glucose tolerance.5 Our aims were to determine whether changes had occurred over time in the frequency of T2DM management at Australian general practice encounters with patients aged 18-39 years, and to examine the proportion of obese (body mass index [BMI] >=30 kg/m2) patients in that age group. To put our findings in context, we also looked at T2DM and obesity trends in patients aged >=40 years.