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EVALUATION OF THE ESTROGENIC AND OSMOREGULATORY IMPACTS OF EXPOSURE TO 4-NONYLPHENOL POLLUTION IN THE ESTUARINE ARROW GOBY, CLEVELANDIA IOS

Several estuaries along the Pacific Ocean coast of North America were identified recently as having elevated 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in sediments and biota, raising concerns about reproductive impacts for wildlife given 4-NP’s established estrogenic activity as an endocrine disruption compound. Here we characterize 4-NP mediated induction and recovery of estrogen-sensitive gene transcripts in the arrow goby (Clevelandia ios), an intertidal fish abundant on estuarine mud flats on the west coast of N. America. Male gobies were exposed to waterborne 4-NP at 10 μg/L or 100 μg/L for 21 days followed by a 21-day depuration period. Additional males were treated with 17βestradiol (E2; 50 ng/L). 4-NP at 100 μg/L elevated hepatic mRNAs encoding vitellogenins A (vtgA) and C (vtgC) and choriogenin L (chgL) within 72 h, and choriogenin H minor (chgHm) within 12 days. Hepatic mRNAs encoding estrogen receptor alpha (esr1) were also elevated after 12 days of 4-NP exposure, but returned to pre-exposure levels at 20 days even under continuing 4-NP treatment. 4-NP did not alter mRNA levels of estrogen receptor gamma (esr2a) in the liver, or of esr1, esr2a, and cytochrome P450 aromatase B (cyp19a1b) in the brain. The temporal pattern of initial induction for hepatic vtgA, vtgC and chgL transcripts by 4-NP mirrored that of E2, while chgHm and esr1 mRNA induction by 4-NP lagged 2 to 11 days behind the responses of these transcripts from E2. These findings establish 4-NP concentrationand time-