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Localization of a moving source using TDOA and FDOA measurements

A closed-form solution that estimates the position and velocity of a moving source using time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements of a signal received by a number of sensors is developed. The method requires only two least-squares minimization stages and is not iterative. The local convergence and large computation problems associated with the traditional linear iterative solutions can thus be eliminated. The estimation accuracy of the proposed method achieves the Cramer-Rao lower bound. Simulation results are included to examine the algorithm's performance and compare it with the Taylor-series technique.