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Nonlinear mode switching in lithium niobate nanowaveguides

Nanowaveguides (NWs), typically semiconductors, are used as nanolasers [1], as optical switching devices [2] and as imaging probes [3]. These applications can be further complemented by fully controlling the guided modes within the NW. Here, we select second-harmonic (SH) modes in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) wavelength ranges by using SH modal phase-matching [4]. Therefore, only one SH mode is excited and waveguided within the lithium niobate (LiNbO3) NW. In this case, LiNbO3 is an appropiate material choice because of its strong nonlinear properties and its broad transparency in the VIS and NIR.