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The Theory of Quantum Amplifiers

The theory of linear quantum amplifiers is reviewed. A simplified method using a "faked vacuum" is introduced to derive amplifier master equations. Properties of various amplifiers are summarized. The solution is derived and used as the amplifier transfer function. The Caves' theory for amplifier added noise is discussed. The properties of squeezed states are reviewed, the use of the Wigner function to describe them is advocated. Finally the amplification of squeezed states is discussed in the Wigner representation.