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Measurement of the Hardness of Medium Carbon Steel Using the Magnetic Mixing-Frequency Technique

The mixing-frequency method is an effective technique to measure the magnetic nonlinearity of medium carbon steel. In this paper, the magnetic mixing-frequency method was investigated to evaluate the hardness of medium carbon steels. The magnetic nonlinear factors related to the bispectral amplitudes at sum frequency, different frequencies, and fundamental frequencies in the measured signal are proposed for hardness evaluation. Nonlinear magnetic mixing-frequency measurements were conducted on samples of medium carbon steel tempered at different temperatures. The experimental results showed that the magnetic mixing-frequency technique is an effective way to measure the hardness of medium carbon steels and the magnetic nonlinearity is more sensitive to the change of hardness than magnetic Barkhausen noise measurements. The proposed method has a potential for use in the mechanical properties measurement of ferromagnetic steel.