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3D shape description of the bicipital groove of the proximal humerus

Bicipital root and proximal tendon disorders are an important symptom generator in the shoulder. The accuracy of the diagnosis of many shoulder disorders visually without quantitative shape analysis is limited, motivating a clinical need for some ancillary method to access the proximal biceps. Because of the known inter-relationship of the bicipital groove (BG) with several types of disorders, we propose an approach to the 3D shape description of the BG that captures information relevant to disorders of the shoulder (e.g. width, depth, angles of walls, presence of spurs). Our approach is medial-axis based and captures intuitive aspects of shape such as thickness, bending, and elongation. Our proposed method overcomes the well-known problem of boundary sensitivity in the medial representation as it is applied to representation and analysis of BG shape. We give preliminary quantitative results indicating that this representation does capture shape variation within our experimental data, providing motivation to explore more sophisticated statistical analysis based on this representation in future work. We also provide a method for semi-automatic segmentation of the BG from computed tomography (CT) scans of the shoulder; an important precursor step to BG shape analysis.