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TLC-Bioautographic Detection of Antimicrobial Compounds in Essential Oils of Selected Ocimum Species

Abstract: The present study was intended to identify antimicrobial compounds of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum sanctum using TLC-bioautography, followed by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Antimicrobial screening was performed with disc diffusion and broth dilution methods using 16 bacterial strains and a fungal strain Candida albicans. Among three test oils O. gratissimum was found to be potentially antimicrobial followed by O. basilicum and O. sanctum. TLC-bioautographic studies revealed that, eugenol, linalool and citral have been identified as major antimicrobial compounds. In order to substantiate the results of TLC-bioautography, all the three commercially procured major compounds were tested individually and combinatorially. Among them; citral found to be potentially active antimicrobial followed by eugenol and linalool. The activities of tested compound combination were nearly matched with the individual essential oil. In the test bacteria, A. baumannii found to be the most sensitive to all test oils; the zone of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 46±1.73 to 30.3±1.53 mm and the most resistant were K. pneumonia, E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. Potential anticandidal activity was also observed with all three test oils and the ZOI ranging from 41±2 to 18.3±0.58 mm. The results of broth dilution confirmed the results of disc diffusion with certain deviations.