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Calcineurin subunit B upregulates β‐interferon production by phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 via Toll‐like receptor 4

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) function as pattern‐reorganization receptors in mammals and play an essential role in innate immunity. After recognizing certain ligands, TLRs activate a cascade of signal pathways to establish a guard environment. For the first time, we report that in vitro treatment with recombinant calcineurin subunit B (CNB) upregulated several TLR‐related genes. Calcineurin subunit B interacted with the ectodomain of TLR4 in vitro. On further investigation, phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 and degradation of IκB‐α were observed by CNB stimulation. In addition to pro‐inflammatory cytokines, transcription and production of β‐interferon were also enhanced after CNB stimulation. Thus, CNB could be further explored as a cancer and virus immunotherapy drug. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 515–521)