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RECHARGE TO ALLUVIAL VALLEY AQUIFERS FROM OVERBANK FLOW AND EXCESS INFILTRATION 1

ABSTRACT: Recharge is an important parameter for models that simulate water and contaminant transport in unconfined aquifers. Unfortunately, measurements of actual recharge are not usually available causing recharge to be estimated or possibly added to the calibration procedure. In this study, differences between observed water‐table elevations and water‐table elevations simulated with a model based on the one‐dimensional Boussinesq equation were used to identify both the timing and quantity of recharge to an alluvial valley aquifer. Observed water table elevations and river stage data were recorded during a five‐year period from 1991 to 1995 at the Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Area located in south‐central Ohio. Direct recharge attributed to overbank flow during and shortly after flood conditions accounted for 65 percent of the total recharge computed during the five‐year study period. Recharge of excess infiltration to the aquifer was intermittent and occurred soon after large rainfall events and high river stage. Specification of constant recharge with time values in ground‐water simulation models seems inappropriate for stream‐aquifer systems given the strong influence of the river on water table elevations in these systems.