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COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING

The goal of teachers who use Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is to enable students to communicate in the target language. To do this, students need knowledge of the linguistic forms, meanings, and functions. They need to know that many different forms can be used to perform a function and also that a single form can often serve a variety of functions. They must be able to choose from among these the most appropriate form, given the social context and the roles of the interlocutors. They must also be able to manage the process of negotiating meaning with their interlocutors. According to Communicative Language Teaching, the teacher facilitates communication in the classroom. In this role, one of their major responsibilities is to establish situations likely to promote communication. During the activities they act as advisors, answering students’ questions and monitoring their performance. They might make a note of their errors to be worked on at a later time during more accuracy-based activities. At other times they might be ‘co-communicators’ engaging in the communicative activity along with students. Students are, above all, communicators. They are actively engaged in negotiating meaning – in trying to make themselves understood – even when their knowledge of the target language is incomplete. Also, since the teacher’s role is less dominant than in a teacher-centered method, students are seen as more responsible for their own learning. The most obvious characteristic of CLT is that almost everything that is done is done with a communicative intent. Students use the language a great deal through communicative activities such as games, role-plays, and problem-solving tasks. In this article the methodology known as communic ative language teaching, or CLT has been examined, and the assumptions it is based on have been explored and its influence on approaches to language teaching today has been mentioned. Some of the main principles of the communicative approach have been listed and some of the basic features and techniques of communicative language teaching have been enumerated. Key words: communicative, language teaching, teaching method.