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Detection of IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies to preS2 antigen in hepatitis B virus infection.

Antibodies to the preS2 antigen (anti-preS2) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), including IgA, IgM and IgG classes, were observed in patients with acute and persistent HBV infection. In acute HBV infection, rapid and marked serum IgM and IgA anti-preS2 responses were observed. Antibodies reached a peak of serum activity at about 1-2 months after the onset of clinical symptoms, and both antibodies disappeared from serum at 4 months after. IgG anti-preS2 was detected in the early phase of the illness, then the level of IgG anti-preS2 gradually rose during the recovery phase. In persistent HBV infection, IgG and IgM anti-preS2 were detected in sera where the preS2 antigen was present, and IgM anti-preS2 was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in HBeAg-positive than in HBeAg-negative patients. These results indicate that an adequate humoral immune response to the preS2 antigen is induced during acute and persistent HBV infection.