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Calibration and Direction of Arrival Performance of Sonar Arrays Composed of Multiple Sub-arrays

Distributed sonar arrays are promising in achieving high resolution acoustic imaging. For such arrays, however, the array manifold must be estimated from observations using calibration sources. This paper investigates the performance bounds on jointly estimating the manifold parameters of a distributed array as well as the direction of arrival of an unknown target. Simulations use two calibration sources with known bearings and a single target with an unknown bearing. It is shown that for a system of two uniform linear arrays in channels with exponentially decaying spatial coherence, there are predictable optimal separations between the sub-arrays. Furthermore, the optimal separation is shown to be nearly invariant to source calibration and target parameters.