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The plant-specific gene ABERRANT GAMETOGENESIS 1 is essential for meiosis in rice.

Meiotic recombination plays a central role in maintaining genome stability and increasing genetic diversity. Although meiotic progression and core components are widely conserved across kingdoms, significant differences remain among species. Here we identified a rice gene ABERRANT GAMETOGENESIS 1 (OsAGG1) that controls both male and female gametogenesis. Cytological and immunostaining analysis showed that, in osagg1 mutant, the early recombination processes and synapsis occurred normally, but the chiasma number was dramatically reduced. Moreover, OsAGG1 was found to interact with ZMM proteins OsHEI10, OsZIP4 and OsMSH5. These results suggested that OsAGG1 played an important role in crossover (CO) formation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that OsAGG1 is a plant-specific protein with a highly conserved N-terminal region. Further genetic and protein interaction analyses revealed that the conserved N-terminus was essential for the OsAGG1 protein function. Overall, our work showed that OsAGG1 is a novel and critical component for rice meiotic CO formation, thus expanding our understanding of meiotic progression.