{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.021215830273357814, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.335917312661499, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The transition of gravity wave or mesoscale flow to boundary layer turbulence and implications for infrasound propagation conditions

Knowledge of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is important for weather and climate forecasting as well as infrasound detection. In spite of many advances, the ABL is still not represented realistically in weather models, which leads to uncertainties in weather predictions. At the same time, the influence of the ABL on infrasound detectability is not well understood, which potentially limits the capability of the technique. In this work, a network of anemometers, microbarometers, and ceilometers is used to characterize gravity wave activity and turbulence in the ABL. The sensors are co-located at the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR). The sensor network allows for the estimation of velocity and pressure spectra, as well as boundary-layer structure and mixing height. The goal of this work is to study the transition from gravity wave or mesoscale flow to boundary layer turbulence and to consider implications for infrasound propagation conditions. Here, an analysis of spectra under convective and stable conditions is presented with respect to both gravity wave and boundary-layer turbulence theory. Observed distinctions in the velocity and pressure spectral transitions will be discussed, including large-scale turbulence and the mesoscale spectral gap.Knowledge of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is important for weather and climate forecasting as well as infrasound detection. In spite of many advances, the ABL is still not represented realistically in weather models, which leads to uncertainties in weather predictions. At the same time, the influence of the ABL on infrasound detectability is not well understood, which potentially limits the capability of the technique. In this work, a network of anemometers, microbarometers, and ceilometers is used to characterize gravity wave activity and turbulence in the ABL. The sensors are co-located at the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR). The sensor network allows for the estimation of velocity and pressure spectra, as well as boundary-layer structure and mixing height. The goal of this work is to study the transition from gravity wave or mesoscale flow to boundary layer turbulence and to consider implications for infrasound propagation conditions. Here, an analysis of spectra under...