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Efficient Spectrum Slicing in 5G Networks: An Overlapping Coalition Formation Approach

Mobile Network Operators perceive Spectrum Slicing and Sharing as an efficient and viable option to meet the growing mobile user data demands in the upcoming 5G network deployments. Efficient spectrum sharing requires optimized spectrum partitioning, i.e., slicing of the spectrum for sharing among operators, to improve spectrum utilization, offer services with high quality of experience, and increase their revenues. This paper proposes Spectrum Slicing Coalition Formation (SSCF) protocol, a novel solution to address effective spectrum slicing required to meet the dynamic data demands at every 5G base station. The base stations’ cooperation is formulated as a coalition formation game with overlapping coalitions, where a base station's contribution is not restricted to a single coalition, instead a base station participates intelligently in multiple coalitions. The SSCF protocol enables a base station to dynamically slice and share its allocated spectrum to service its load based spectral requirements, a key requirement for effective radio access network softwarization. The study explores operator base stations’ options to determine with whom, when, and how much to slice and share the spectrum and the payoffs. Extensive simulations using real-world operator base station deployments highlight that SSCF solution brings in operational efficiencies, improved users’ quality of experience, and revenue maximization.