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Total exchangeable sodium in chronic nephropathy with and without hypertension.

. The total exchangeable sodium has been determined by the isotope dilution technique with 21Na in 1) 17 normal subjects; 2) 13 patients with essential hypertension and normal renal function; 3) 21 patients with renal failure without hypertension; and 4) 22 patients with renal failure with hypertension. In the last two groups there were respectively nine and eight patients who received intermittent dialysis treatment. The total exchangeable sodium was normal in all patients of groups 1 and 2; it was elevated in 14.3% of the patients in group 3 and in 63.5% of the patients in group 4. The mean value was significantly higher in group 4 than in group 3. Total exchangeable sodium was elevated in all patients with renal failure, hypertension and peripheral oedema. An elevation was found more frequently in patients with renal failure and peripheral oedema than in patients with renal failure without manifest oedema. Likewise, in patients with renal failure and hypertension an elevated value of exchangeable sodium was found more frequently than in patients with renal failure without hypertension. On the other hand, no correlation was found between the presence of oedema and the presence of hypertension in the above patients with renal failure. During dialysis treatment an existing increased exchangeable sodium became normal, except in one patient.