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Toward a Critical Theory of Revolution

Social scientists and radical interpreters alike have viewed revolution mainly from an instrumental perspective as "an event caused" by applying certain techniques. Perhaps the clearest expression of this approach is embodied in Leninist thought. Drawing upon the critical philosophy of the early Marx, his prefigurative projection of the Paris Commune, the anarchist and council tradition within the communist movement, and Antonio Gramsci's writings, this article attempts to develop an alternative "prefigurative" theory of revolution as a continuing process of transformation. In elaborating the central intention of Critical Theory-abolition of all forms of class domination-the author bases his theoretical attempt on the categories of human needs, praxis, and participation.