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Update in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2009.

The year of 2009 has turned out to be a fruitful year in terms of scientific publications in the field of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). As reviewed below, these publications helped us to better understand the natural history of this devastating disease, to better phenotype patients, to validate new composite outcomes and, which is even more important for our patients, to demonstrate that by treating patients adequately, they live longer and better. All of this has been accompanied by further evidence supporting the importance of comorbidities in the whole complexity of our patients, and by new data that points to the immune system as a key player in the development of COPD. Finally, during the year of 2009, we had to deal with an outbreak of a pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, in which COPD was one of the frequent underlying medical conditions facilitating the development of severe respiratory failure.