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Diagnostic methods in respiratory infections

During recent years, some new techniques have emerged that allow rapid diagnosis of the etiology of respiratory infections caused by viruses, mycoplasmas, and problem bacteria such as Mycobacterium, Legionella, and Bordetella species. These new techniques are based on antigen detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunofluorescence microscopy, detection of specific microbial products by means of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and detection of specific microbial nucleic acids by means of oligonucleotide probes, sometimes after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. This article reviews some of the recent publications within this field and emphasizes results obtained with clinical samples.