{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.028070175438596492, 'fraction_numerical': 0.01091617933723197, 'mean_word_length': 4.871853546910756, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Flight 93: Memory to Monument

Memory is elusive. This characteristic of memory makes creating its physical permanence-in the form of a memorial-nearly an impossible task. Additionally, memory is individual. Everyone has unique perspectives of people, places, or events that they have encountered in their own past, and in the collective past of a community or a nation. Two siblings who had been seated next to each other may recollect a years-old dinner conversation completely differently based upon their relationship with the speaker. An old newspaper clipping from a presidential election might stir a variety of emotions depending on the past or present political views of the reader. commercial airplanes. The memory of this day-less than a decade ago-is one that is still fresh in the mind of every person who watched the events unfold minute by minute, as I did. Three of these planes reached the terrorists' objectives: the Twin Towers at the World Trade Centers in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. However, the fourth was diverted; made aware of the terrorist's intentions through final communications with loved ones on the ground, the passengers fought back. This plane, United Airlines flight 93, crashed into a field near the rural town of Shanksville, in western Pennsylvania. The heroic efforts of the forty passengers and crew on Flight 93 undoubtedly saved the lives of countless others in the targeted building-most likely the White House or the Capitol-the terrorists had hoped to destroy. An elaborate memorial to preserve Flight 93's story will be unveiled in 2011, on the tenth anniversary of the attacks. The project itself, a fusion of landscape design and permanent 1 structure, and the process of choosing a design to represent this day, are the subject of this thesis. Remembering the events of September 11, 2001 pose unprecedented challenges that can only be understood within the longer history of American monuments and commemorations. In the nine years since the attacks, museum professionals and educators have faced similar challenges. As early as 2002, the authors of "September 11 th and the Mourning After,'" published in The Public Historian, discussed how museum curators struggled to represent September 11 th in exhibits. "[They] find themselves in the unaccustomed ... uncomfortable position of working in the intersection of grief and history. In addition to doing [the] usual work of collecting, interpreting, and preserving history, [they are] also filling an emotional need for the public.,,2 How …