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Radar image modeling: a 3D spectral domain approach

We developed a 3D model to simulate the radar image formation process of natural surfaces. This 3D model is divided into two main parts. First, the radar system is modeled using a 3D point spread function (PSF). Second, the observed terrain is modeled using 3D randomly distributed scatterers as well as predetermined scatterer positions. The image formation process involved the convolution of the PSF with the terrain model, the extraction of signal envelope and sampling in the range and azimuthal directions. To enhance the computing efficiency of the convolution process we transpose the problem into the Fourier domain. Our 3D model is useful to study the parameters involved in the formation and the analysis of radar images.