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Strategy and Supply: The Anglo-Russian Alliance, 1914–17. By Keith Neilson. London, Boston, and Sydney: George Allen & Unwin, 1984. xiv, 338 pp. $29.95.

The first, and by far the most ambitious, chapter (occupying more than half the book) is devoted mainly to the Plehve ministry and the activities of V. P. Meshcherskii and his newspaper, Grazhdanin, in the years between 1902 and 1904. There is a good deal of fresh material here, drawn from the "perlustration" archive of the secret police, the archives of the imperial family, the unpublished diary of General A. A. Kireev (a fairly well-known source, but one which has not previously been used to the same advantage as here), and the pages of Grazhdanin. The author attempts, on the whole successfully, to "rehabilitate" Plehve, confirming that he had a statesmanlike, broad vision and something of a strategy—a strategy paradoxically based on support of the zemstvo nobility (this thesis is not entirely new). The final pages of the chapter devoted to the ministry of Sviatopolk-Mirskii draw mainly on the published diary of Mirskii's widow and contain little that is new, although the discussion of the background to the imperial decree of December 12, 1904 is, I believe, more detailed than any published until now (the critique of Witte's version of that story is especially well done). The second chapter deals in very spotty fashion with developments during the revolutionary year of 1905. There are some interesting pages on the Peterhof Conference of June, particularly in reference to the issue of peasant representation in the projected Duma (where it is shown that both high officials and representatives of the "gentry right" shared illusions about the "naive monarchism" of the peasantry), and some fascinating material from the Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Oktiabr'skoi Revoliutsii on reactions in high places to Witte's politics in the fall and winter of 1905. The final chapter is devoted almost exclusively to the origins and development of the United Nobility organization through its first three congresses (that is, to March 1907). It is based mainly on the published materials of the congresses, which have already been exploited (as, for instance, in Leopold Haimson, ed., The Politics of Rural Russia, 19051914 [1979]). It provides the most detailed examination of the debates of the congresses currently available in print. Solov'ev's discussion of the debates shows a careful appreciation of the variety of opinions expressed there, but his conclusion that the coup d'6tat of June 3,1907 corresponded to the demands.of the United Nobility—if it was not actually inspired by that organization—is not new.