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Problems of ethnopsychology in the context of the worldview of Antiquity

Based on the analysis and reconstruction of ancient methodology, the article examines approaches to ethno- and historical psychology. These relatively new areas of psychological and philosophical knowledge are developed from the foundations of the ancient worldview, which is basic for the entire modern European civilization. The teaching of Hippocrates on temperaments, presented through the prism of natural philosophy and elemental dialectics, is considered as the fundamental ancient concept.