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Non-contrast-enhanced Flow-independent Peripheral Angiography with Magnetization-prepared IDEAL Balanced-SSFP

Introduction: Flow-independent angiography can depict vessel morphology without contrast agents and in cases of slow flow, because it relies on only T1, T2 and chemical shift [1]. 3D balanced (b)SSFP sequences are excellent candidates for producing these angiograms [2-4], but the vessel contrast can be compromised by several factors including field inhomogeneity, partial-volume effects, large volumetric coverage requirements, and insufficient venous suppression. In this work, we propose a new strategy to address these issues and reliably produce highresolution non-contrast-enhanced bSSFP angiograms of the extremities.