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Toroidal Dipole Mode Observation In Situ

Besides classical dipole moments, the metaparticles are characterized by toroidal dipole moments that are important for numerous applications ranging from strong field localizations to anapole modes and the dynamic Aharonov–Bohm effect. On the other hand, the toroidal and electric dipole radiation are undistinguished by external observers due to identical radiation patterns. Therefore, the importance of toroidal dipole moments in multipole expansion is questioned by many researchers. However, a long‐awaited unanswered question is—what is going on inside a toroidal metamolecule and is its near‐field distribution distinct from the electric dipole field? Herein, the toroidal dipole mode is experimentally confirmed in situ by proof‐of‐concept measurements of electric and magnetic fields inside properly fabricated water metamolecules with toroidal topology in the microwave frequency range.