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Relationship between the fine structure of native cellulose and cellulose degradability by the cellulase complexes of Trichoderma reesei and Clostridium thermocellum

The initial rate of hydrolysis of six commercially available native (type l) celluloses was determined for the crude cellulase complexes of the thermophilic anaerobic bacterium C. thermocellum and the mesophilic fungus T. reesei. These rates were then compared with certain physical features of the substrates in an attempt to determine the role of cellulose structure in its degradability. Within the substrate series tested, the Clostridium system showed a greater relative range in rate of enzymatic hydrolysis than did the Trichoderma system. Average correlation coefficients for the kinetic rates from bacterial and fungal cellulases, respectively, and the following physical parameters were obtained: relative crystallinity index (RCl) from acid hydrolysis, −0.61 and −0.85; RCl from x‐ray diffraction, −0.75 and −0.89; accessibility to formylation at 4°C, + 0.49 and +0.60; nonaccessibility to formylation at 65°C, −0.40 and −0.73; fiber saturation point, + 0.83 and + 0.85. Kinetic and pore volume distribution data suggest that the rate‐limiting components of both the bacterial and fungal cellulase systems are of similar size, approximately 43 Å along one axis.