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Mathematical analysis of furcation angle in extracted mandibular molars

Background: Multi-rooted teeth with furcation involvement exhibit a poorer prognosis when compared to single rooted teeth. The furcation angle (formed by the divergent roots and the roof) may exert a considerable influence on the accessibility for both home care maintenance and instrumentation during periodontal therapy. As there are few anatomy based reports, the furcation angle has not yet been delineated. Materials and Methods: Furcation angle (FA) was mathematically evaluated in extracted mandibular first and second molar teeth, using the Computer-aided design - computer-aided manufacturing technology. Results: The furcations were divided into three groups (Group I: <30°, Group II: 30°-60°, Group III: >60°) based on the furcation angle and their prevalence. The first molar showed greater prevalence of group II FA, while second molar showed a greater prevalence of group III FA. Conclusion: Linear, two dimensional measurements may not accurately reflect the complexities of the furcation area which exhibits considerable intermolar and intramolar (buccal and lingual furcations of second molar) variation.