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An Overview of Brain Computer Interfaces

This paper presents an overview of the research and development of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs), focused mainly on the software component. A classification of BCIs is proposed, providing a general sense of the various ways one can approach such systems. The different types of BCI systems are the main focus of the paper, and related research and development efforts are explored. The proposed classification is based on several major characteristics of BCIs: independent versus dependent, invasive versus noninvasive, and exogenous versus endogenous. Issues and limitations currently faced by BCI researchers and developers as well as several existing BCI applications are also surveyed. In addition, directions of future work pertaining to BCIs are briefly discussed.