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The energetics of work and heat production by single muscle fibres from the frog.

During active shortening the heat rate in isolated muscle fibres is greater than during isometric contraction, and increases with velocity of shortening (V), but at a decreasing rate as the maximum velocity (V0) is approached. For shortening at V less than 0.25 V0 the amount of extra heat produced during a period of shortening is proportional to the distance shortened, but for rapid shortening (V greater than 0.5 V0) the extra heat increases less than proportionally with the distance shortened. After a period of shortening the higher heat rate returns to the isometric level over a period of several hundred milliseconds. A similar period of increased heat rate is seen after a quick release. After shortening 10% of muscles slack length at 0.1 V0 the amount of heat produced during tension redevelopment is similar to that after a quick release. But after more rapid shortening there is less heat production than after a quick release.