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Unified Formulation of X-Ray Diffraction and Refraction

A novel formulation of X-ray diffraction and refraction is derived from the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction. All the expressions of the dispersion relation, wave field amplitudes and reflectivities are given in analytic forms which are valid for the whole angular range of the symmetric diffraction geometry. In addition to putting Fresnel's reflectivity and Darwin's curve into a unified scheme, this framework provides a precise physical picture of diffraction from periodic media.