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Robert Russa Moton and the Whispering Gallery After World War I

After World War I, the National Government made a few efforts to boost the morale of black troops. In the main, the black troops' morale was low because of the reception they received from whites living near the various training camps. The attitudes of the whites in the vicinity of the training camps were invariably reflected by the troops in Europe. In many instances, it appeared as if the black soldiers would not achieve their goal of helping "to make the world safe for democracy." To allay unrest among the black troops, Robert Russa Moton, principal of Tuskegee Institute, recommended that his secretary, Emmett J. Scott, become the special assistant to the secretary of war.' Moreover, after much protest, Ralph W. Tyler of the Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch received an appointment as a war correspondent.2 In 1918, while the black troops were struggling in France, rumors reached the United States regarding their performance. According to the "Whispering Gallery," black officers and their troops, in all branches and ranks of service, were guilty of the "unmentionable" crime of rape. The white officers and their troops informed the French women that it would not be safe for them to walk, even with escorts, through the camps of the black troops.3 On another occasion, a white officer, with the black troops, wrote unofficially to President Woodrow Wilson and stated that in the Ninety-Second Division alone, "there had recently been at least thirty cases of the 'unmentionable crime,' "14 Even while fighting to make the world safe for democracy, blacks were still accused of being ". . . controlled by brutal instincts. "5 Two weeks after the signing of the armistice, President Wilson and Secretary of War Newton D. Baker proposed their last morale building scheme for the black troops. They sent Principal Moton to France to investigate the condition of the black troops. As the war activities terminated, it was generally feared that the black soldiers would become disruptive as they returned to America. Moton's mission appeared to be a scheme to prepare the black troops for their return to the United States.6 Would the black troops participate in the democracy that they had fought and worked so hard for? Or would they be subjected to the same prejudices of the days prior to the war? These questions had literally mesmerized the minds of the black troops, as they prepared to return to a democratic society.