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Trial and Error

This chapter looks at the compositional genesis of Ulysses, its early production history, and the circumstances by which the editors of the Little Review became embroiled in a trial in New York in February 1921. The composition of Joyce’s text is discussed in detail, from the moments of conception through to April 1921, when Joyce realized that the Little Review serialization would not continue, and made arrangements for the publication of his work in volume form with Sylvia Beach’s Parisian bookshop, Shakespeare and Company. The trial of the Little Review editors—on the grounds of the putative obscenity of the last instalment of chapter 13 (‘Nausicaa’)—is also discussed in detail. In particular the chapter looks at the sexual politics of the trial, including the homophobia of John Quinn, the lawyer who gave significant financial support to both Joyce and the Little Review.