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Paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesia of the hands

Paroxysmal dyskinesias are a rare heterogeneous group of conditions presenting with recurrent episodes of abnormal involuntary movements of brief duration. Movements include chorea, dystonia, ballism, or a combination of these. They are divided into 4 groups depending on phenotype and triggers: paroxysmal kinesigenic or paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia, paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED), and paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia. Familial, sporadic, and secondary forms are reported. FIG. 1. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T1-weighted image, and DNA sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism. A,B: Age 13 years, no abnormalities. C,D: Age 23 years, slight atrophy of cerebellar vermis. E: (top) CACNA1A p.R1346Stop mutation, patient; (bottom) wild-type for C-allele at c.4036 position, sibling.