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A Phenazine Bio-Electrochemical System Integrates Photosynthesis and Fuel Cell

Since the industrial revolution, fossil fuels have been the main energy source of human activity. After few centuries of continuous use, the storage of fossil fuels has been declining and the cost are becoming increasingly higher in the coming decades. For these reasons, it is essential to research and develop new approaches of producing energy through harvesting renewable energies. This paper introduces a hypothetical concept that produces electrical energy from bio-redox flow cells which integrates energy conversion and storage system through combining the concepts of bio-photovoltaic cell, fuel cell, microbial fuel cell, and flow cell. The system is expected to be environmentally friendly and energy efficient. In addition, we expect that phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), the energy storage material of the bio-redox flow cell, can be biosynthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To be specific, the bio-redox flow cell charging process operates through the reduction of PCA and the oxidation of water, which is catalysed by chloroplast with the utilization of sunlight, producing reduced PCA and oxygen. The bio-redox flow cell discharge process operates through the electrochemical oxidation of reduced PCA and electrochemical reduction of oxygen, releasing electricity, PCA, and H2O.