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Effects of seminal plasma and the presence of a conceptus on regulation of lymphocyte‐cytokine network in porcine endometrium

Infusion of seminal plasma in the uterus is known to elicit an instant inflammatory response in the porcine uterus, but whether or not it prepares a uterine immunological response to the presence of conceptuses is not well understood. Seminal plasma induced long‐term modulatory effects and conceptus‐induced immune changes in leukocyte populations were measured by flow cytometry and mRNAs for various cytokines by quantitative reverse‐transcriptase PCR in porcine endometrium collected on Days 6 and 13 from cycling and pregnant animals or from animals given seminal plasma infusions. Seminal plasma infusion induced long‐term modulatory effects, resulting in significantly more endometrial FoxP3‐positive T‐regulatory and T‐helper cells 6 days after infusion as compared to cycling and pregnant animals. The number of T‐cytotoxic and T‐null cells did not change between the studied groups. The early molecular effects of seminal plasma were not observed at 13‐days post‐infusion, although animals on Day 13 of pregnancy did show significantly more T‐cells (of any type investigated). Seminal plasma also showed a delayed effect on cytokine expression, specifically exhibiting a significant increase in interleukin 10 (IL10) and a decrease in granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GMCSF) gene expression on Day 13 as compared to Day 6 of cycling or pregnant gilts. The results indicate a delayed regulatory effect of seminal plasma on immune responses in the porcine uterus, which are similar to immune changes generated by implanting conceptuses. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.