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Obstetric Complications as Risk Factors for Schizophrenia

During the past four decades, numerous studies have demonstrated that people developing schizophrenia unusually often have experienced early somatic trauma in the form of obstetric complications (OCs) before, during, or soon after their own birth. These OCs represent deviations from an expected, normal course of events and development of the offspring during pregnancy, labor-delivery, and/or the early neonatal period [1]. Many different, specific OCs have occurred unusually frequently among these future patients: increased rates of deviations in gestational age and prenatal development (preterm, post-term, low birth weight; size large- or small-for-gestational age, small head circumference); congenital malformations; and various signs of oxygen deprivation during pregnancy, labor-delivery, and/or the neonatal period (e.g., asphyxia, hypoxia, distress in breathing, cyanosis, low Apgar score, resuscitation required, etc.); and/or incubation and prolonged postnatal hospitalization after birth [1]. Their mothers may have experi