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Various Shapes of Plasma Spokes Observed in HiPIMS

A time-resolved analysis of the emission of power impulse magnetron sputtering plasmas reveals inhomogeneities in the form of rotating spokes. The shape of these spokes depends on the target material in a characteristic manner; the peculiar shape of the emission profiles is explained by the localization of the sputtering process as being governed by Ar gas rarefaction and the local dynamics of secondary electrons generation. This general picture is able to explain the observed emission patterns for different target materials as presented.