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Environmental Disclosure Programs, Community Pressure and the Spatial Redistribution of Pollution: The Relocation of Toxic Releasing Facilities After the TRI

This paper analyzes the effects of community pressure induced by the public disclosure of toxic emissions information on the relocation by toxic-releasing facilities. We find that, following this disclosure, toxic releasing facilities are more likely to relocate from communities with high population density, high income, and high educational attainment, and into communities with lower population density, income, and educational attainment. There is also evidence that small facilities grow faster after relocating and thus also emit more toxic pollutants. Therefore, the relocation of toxic polluters has contributed to a worsening of environmental justice following the public release of emissions information.