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How Dead Trees Sustain Live Organisms in Western Forests 1

Dead wood contributes to biological richness as substrate, cavity sites, foraging sites, and shelter or cover. In the Pacific Northwest, 69 vertebrate species commonly use cavities, 47 species respond positively to down wood, and prevalence of both uses is related to natural fire regimes. Almost 80 percent of nests of weak excavators are in dead trees; strong excavators make greater use of live trees. Most bat roosts are in dead trees, whereas carnivores use mostly declining, living trees. Selection of both cavity and foraging sites is governed by decay patterns. Some species prefer large pieces of down wood. Management implications are discussed.