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Recurrent UTIs and cystitis symptoms in women.

BACKGROUND
Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) and recurrent cystitis symptoms without infection occur commonly in women and present frequently in general practice.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to provide a management approach to the assessment and treatment of recurrent cystitis symptoms in women with rUTIs as well as women who have negative urine cultures.


DISCUSSION
Five common clinical scenarios are discussed with different approaches to treatment: true rUTIs with positive urine cultures, women with variable urine cultures (some positive and some negative), women with negative urine cultures who have pyuria +/- haematuria, women with completely normal urine cultures and women with ongoing symptoms after a definite UTI. Red flags signalling the need for early referral to a urologist for further assessment are discussed. Both non-antibiotic and antibiotic-related strategies to treat women with rUTIs are available.