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Erwin Panofsky and Karl Mannheim: A Dialogue on Interpretation

Erwin Panofsky is the most influential art historian of the twentieth century. The basis of his fame is the theory of iconology that generated a reorientation in art history toward the search for meaning instead of the categorization of characteristics of style. Karl Mannheim was instrumental in formulating the new subdiscipline of the sociology of knowledge that found its most controversial exposition in his book Ideology and Utopia (1929). The book has been celebrated and vilified but is undeniably a crucial text in sociology. Panofsky and Mannheim may never have met, but, in the 1920s, at a crucial period in the development of their theories for interpreting their respective subjects, they read each other's work and made significant contributions to each other's increasingly similar theo-