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Expression and Regulation of microRNAs in Tuberculosis: A Review

Several diagnostic tools and techniques are available for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) but these techniques shown an inadequate response in early diagnosis of tuberculosis and hence they have low sensitivity and specificity. Also, these techniques have some inaccuracy in the diagnosis of different forms of tuberculosis such as pulmonary/extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and active/latent tuberculosis. From the previous studies in various diseases such as cancer and cardiac diseases, microRNAs (miRNAs) shows the remarkable growth due to their reliable and stable nature in the circulating fluid of the body. This review focused on the role of various miRNAs in the host during the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the miRNA’s efficiency to act as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the cases such as Active/Latent Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Immunological aspects and miRNA regulation during the tuberculosis infection were also discussed in this review.