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Changes in Prostaglandin Levels in Cultures of SV40‐Transformed Macrophage Cell Lines in Relation to Their Phenotypic Expression

A radioimmunoassay was performed to determine the total amounts of the A, B, and E series prostaglandins (prostaglandins) in culture fluids of simian virus 40 (SV40)‐transformed mouse clonal macrophages, line 28–12, and its subline, 28–12(Ara). When the proportion of phagocytic cells in confluent 28–12 cell cultures increased, the prostaglandin levels in the culture fluids decreased. On the other hand, stably phagocytic 28–12(Ara) cells, which were derived from 28–12 cells and which had a reduced growth rate, did not release prostaglandins under the usual culture conditions; however, when they were treated with lipopolysaccharide or streptococcal preparation OK‐432, large amounts of prostaglandins were released. In contrast, nonphagocytic cell populations in the cultures of 28–12 cells were not responsive to the drug treatment. These results suggest that there is a correlation between the phenotypic change from the nonphagocytic to the phagocytic state and a decrease in prostaglandin levels in culture fluids, and indicate that phagocytic cells are responsive to prostaglandin inducers, whereas nonphagocytic cells are not.