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Production of Liquid Nitrate Using Atmospheric Air Plasma Driven by Short Repetitive Pulses

The process of synthesizing nitrate fertilizer with water, air, and electric spark has been known for a long time, but due to low nitrate yield and high energy consumption, this process was replaced by the Haber-Bosch one in the first half of the 20th century. The Haber-Bosch process, however, has several disadvantages: it requires natural gas as a raw material, fixes nitrogen in the form of ammonia, and generates carbon monoxide and dioxide as byproducts. Thus, the concept of manufacturing nitrogen fertilizer with only water, air and electricity is still appealing.