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Reference Guide for Pulsed‐Doppler Signals from the Right Side of the Heart

With the development and refinement of pulsed-Doppler echocardiography, the cardiologist now has a powerful noninvasive technique for quantifying cardiac hemodynamics. In order to maximize the use of Doppler signals obtained from patients with suspected cardiac disorders, data obtained from healthy subjects must be available for comparison. This study was performed to determine a set of reference values for normal maximum blood flow velocities from various sites in the right side of the heart.