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Assessing omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation to optimize maternal mental health and childhood cognitive development

Abstract The omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, is an important building block of the CNS, and its availability during pregnancy and lactation may influence maternal mental health and, later, childhood developmental outcomes. Epidemiological and observational studies have supported a role for omega-3 fatty acids in optimizing child development and maternal mental health. However, results of randomized intervention studies have not consistently shown beneficial effects for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. This review summarizes the biological plausibility, as well as the available evidence from observational and randomized controlled trials, of omega-3 supplementation in pregnancy and lactation.