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Leaf respiration in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera 'Chasselas') in relation to environmental and plant factors

The leaf respiration (R D ) of grapevine ( Vitis vinifera 'Chasselas') was measured under field conditions during the growing season in leaves of different physiological ages in relation to the temperature and plant water status. R D increased with the temperature and was particularly high in young growing leaves on primary and lateral shoots. The R D response to the temperature evolved over the season according to the type and age of the leaves and their phenology. Leaf aging (senescence) induced a decrease in R D at the end of the season. At constant temperatures (20 °C), the highest R D rates were measured during the rapid plant growth phase (the Q10 values were also the highest), and they progressively decreased to reach their lowest rates at the end of the growing season. The lowest R D values were measured on leaves that were inserted opposite the clusters of primary shoots at any period during the season. Water stress led to a reduction in R D , especially when the leaf temperature was above 20 °C. The nocturnal R D evolution showed that the R D rates were greatest at nightfall when the nocturnal temperatures were still high and leaf carbohydrate availability was at its highest; the rates gradually decreased to reach the lowest R D values just before dawn.