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Effect of cadmium on sodium and potassium excretion and on action of hydrochlorothiazide in rats.

Cadmium administered to rats decreased urinary sodium excretion. Single doses of 1.0 mg/kg or greater were equally effective. Doses of 0.5 mg/kg or less and 20 multiple doses of 0.5 mg/kg had no effect. A single dose was effective for only a limited time. The greatest decrease in sodium excretion occurred at a time that was 0–12 hr after injection, but an effect was still seen at 24 hr and up to 7 days. The action of hydrochlorothiazide was not altered by either a single 10-mg/kg dose or 20 0.5-mg/kg doses of cadmium. An effect of cadmium on potassium excretion was seen but was less evident than the effect on sodium excretion. The concentration of cadmium in the kidneys was not directly related to its effect on sodium excretion, indicating that the biochemical form and not the amount is the determinative factor. It is postulated that cadmium exerts its effect by an indirect mechanism and not by direct action on the nephron.