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Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), classically divided into Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic, debilitating condition characterized by relapsing and remitting episodes of gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation. UC affects the superficial mucosa, starting with the rectum, in a continuous pattern and is limited to the colon. CD is characterized by transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus. Approximately 25% of patients with IBD are diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. Presenting symptoms often include, but are not limited to, abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss. The clinical course can be highly variable, although it has been well established that pediatric patients frequently present with more extensive disease involvement. The purpose of this review is to provide clinicians with a practical, up-to-date overview of the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of IBD. AUTHOR DISCLOSURE Drs Shapiro, Subedi, and LeLeiko have disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this article. This commentary does not contain discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device.