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Proteomics reveals the changes that contribute to Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat, causing yield losses and quality reduction due to mycotoxin production. In this study, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)-labeling based mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to characterize the proteome in wheat cultivars Xinong 538 and Zhoumai 18 with contrasting levels of FHB-resistance as a means to elucidate the molecular mechanisms contributing to FHB-resistance. A total of 13,669 proteins were identified in the two cultivars 48 hours after F. graminearum inoculation. Among these, 2,505 unique proteins exclusively accumulated in Xinong 538 (resistant) and 887 proteins in Zhoumai 18 (susceptible). Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that most differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) from both cultivars were assigned to categories 'metabolic process', 'cellular process', and 'response to stimulus'. KEGG analysis showed that a greater number of proteins belonging to different metabolic pathways were identified in Xinong 538 compared to Zhoumai 18. Specifically, DAPs from the FHB-resistant cultivar Xinong 538 populated categories of metabolic pathways related to plant-pathogen interaction. These DAPs might play a critical role in defense responses exhibited by Xinong 538. DAPs were assigned to wheat chromosomes, with approximately 30% mapping to wheat chromosomes 2B, 3B, 5B, and 5D. Twenty SNP markers, flanking DAPs on chromosomes 1B, 3B, 5B, and 6A overlapped with the location of earlier mapped FHB-resistance QTLs. The data provide evidence for the involvement of a number of DAPs in the early stages of the FHB-resistance response in wheat, with further functional characterization of candidate proteins warranted.