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Developing Effective Distractions for Infant Immunizations: The Progress and Challenges

Distraction has been found to be highly effective in decreasing children's pain responses during routine and complex medical procedures (Powers, 1999). However, there is a scarcity of research on distraction with healthy infants receiving immunizations, and it is only very recently that advancements in this area have been made. This article discusses why it is important to provide pain management for infants receiving immunizations. Previous literature on the utilization of distraction in decreasing pain responses during infant immunizations is reviewed, and possible explanations for the successes and failures of distraction in this population are presented. Recommendations for areas of future research and practical implications for parents and health care professionals are discussed.