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A Pilot Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study on Mango Polyphenols After Acute Intake of Fresh and Individual Quick Frozen Mango Pulp in Healthy Human Subjects


 
 
 The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the pharmacokinetic profile of polyphenolic metabolites after acute intake of fresh and individually quick frozen (IQF) mango pulp in human plasma over 24 hours.
 
 
 
 Healthy human subjects (n = 7, age = 31 ± 3 years, BMI = 22.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2) received IQF or fresh mango pulp (500 g) or control (100 mg vitamin C) in random order after 3-day low polyphenol diet in a cross over study design. Polyphenols in mango pulps (fresh and IQF) and their metabolites were characterized in plasma collected before (fasting, baseline) and at 30 min or hourly intervals for 8 h then again at 24 h using ultra high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Multiple comparisons within and among treatments (IQF and Fresh) over 24 h postprandial time were performed by mixed model using SAS with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.
 
 
 
 Gallic acid (228.1 ± 7.3 µg/100 g fresh weight, FW) and galloyl glucose (5.0 ± 0.2 µg/100 FW) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fresh compared to IQF mango pulp. In plasma however, gallic acid (Cmax = 17.3 ± 4.0 nmol/L, AUC0–24h = 63.9 ± 7.9 nmol × h/L), galloyl glucose (Cmax = 12.4 ± 2.3 nmol/L, AUC0–24h = 49.2 ± 8.1 nmol × h/L), ferulic acid hexoside (Cmax = 2.8 ± 0.5 nmol/L, AUC0–24h = 8.6 ± 1.9 nmol × h/L), and gallic acid and pyrogallol metabolites (sulfates, methyl and glucuronides) were significantly higher after IQF mango pulp intake compared to fresh mango pulp as assessed by maximum concentrations achieved (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0–24 h).
 
 
 
 These results indicate that IQF may preserve or enhance the bio-accessibility of mango (poly)phenol components compared to fresh mangoes, which are hot water treated before importing into the USA.
 
 
 
 This study was funded by the National Mango Board.
