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Reproducing the “Framing” by a Sequential Stress Test

The "Framing" (local discoloration along cell edges) was induced by a simple sequential accelerated stress test (consisting of hygrothermal- and UV-stressors) applied to the PV modules with high OTR (oxygen transmission rate) backsheet, irrespective of the inclusion of UV-absorber in poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) encapsulant. UV-fluorescence imaging of the PV modules suggests that the spatially-inhomogeneous degradation of EVA material under UV-irradiating conditions is correlated to this "Framing" indicating an underlying common mechanism. These findings would contribute to the development of test procedures to broadly mimic the actual failures observed in fielded PV.