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Multiple-Beat Electrooptic Multimode Interference Devices

The reduction of the driving voltage for 1×1 electrooptic multimode interference devices (EO-MMIs) was investigated using 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) by increasing the beat number, Nb, defined as the number of single self-images generated inside the multimode section. The driving voltages of EO-MMIs were measured to be 71, 39, and 24 V for Nb=1, 2, and 3, respectively, using commercially available EO polymers, suggesting an overall reduction of 1/2–2/3 compared with an EO-MMI with Nb=1.