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Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using Atomic Norm Methods: Affects of Multiple Snapshots and Coherent Sources

Multiple snapshots and coherent sources are two of the core concepts in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. While multiple snapshots are acquired to improve the estimation accuracy, the presence of coherent sources may cause performance degradation and deterioration for a specific method. In this paper, we discuss their affects on the recently proposed atomic norm methods and present rigorous theoretical results in the noiseless case. In a nutshell, atomic norm methods are robust to coherent sources, and in the case of noncoherent sources, their performance increases as the number of snapshots increases in terms of reduced number of antennas required for exact DOA estimation.