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Dynamics of the number and nature management territory of Uilta (Oroks) of Sakhalin in the 19—21 centuries

Based on the generalization of information from Sakhalin researchers (ethnographers, historians, travelers, doctors) and the results of population censuses, the dynamics of the nature management area and the number of Uilta (Oroks) minority ethnic group of Sakhalin is examied. It is revealed that long-term living in the conditions of the island led to a number of original features of the traditional Uilta culture and successful adaptation to the ecological situation of Sakhalin. A gradual decrease in the number of Uilta and a reduction in the territory of resettlement is stated. It is shown that during the observed period, the nature management conditions of the Uilta on Sakhalin worsened, since the territory of resettlement and the number of population significantly decreased. Russian-Japanese territorial divisions of Sakhalin at the first part of the 20 century caused the formation of two isolated local Uilta groups. The small number of Uilta, significant changes in the settlement system and traditional nature management do not create the prospects for the existence and development of this ethnic group.