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[Significance of surgical treatment for recurrent and metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors].

In patients with recurrent or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), imatinib is the mainstay treatment, which has significantly improved outcome. However, approximately half of patients who have initial respose to imatinib will develop secondary resistance within 2 years, leading to progressive disease. Available data suggest that cytoreductive surgery may be considered in patients with metastatic GIST who respond to imatinib and have relatively low tumor burden, particularly in whom a R0/R1 resection is anticipated. The evidence of benefit from surgery in patients with focal tumor progression on imatinib is limited, but after surgical resection of progressive lesions, shifting to second line therapy should be initiated. Patients with multifocal progression are not suitable for surgical intervention. In the meantime, surgery for patients treated with sunitinib is feasible, yet survival benefit remains controversial. Thus, surgery should be considered in patients with metastatic GIST whose disease responds to imatinib with a goal of performing R0/R1 resection. On a case-by-case basis, surgical intervention should be determined after careful multidisciplinary consultation to achieve safety, improvement of symptoms and long-term survival benefits.