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Genetic determination of triglyceridemia with special focus on apolipoprotein gene variants

Abstact High level plasma triglyceride (TG) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia might be an even better predictor of TG-associated CVD risk. It has been estimated the genetic factors can explain 30–70% of final TG concentration. In the plasma, TGs can be found in all lipoprotein particles, mostly in chylomicrons and VLDL. Within lipoproteins, TGs associate with other lipids and proteins (apolipoproteins), which serve as structural components of the particles, as well as receptor ligands and cofactors for lipid-metabolizing enzymes. The polymorphisms and variants of apolipoproteins, enzymes and different regulatory and receptor genes have attracted much attention in the search for genetic basis of increased TG levels. This article summarizes the evidence of the connection between variations at different gene loci and TG levels in the plasma.