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Monitoring shadow banking and its challenges: the Malaysian experience

The recent global financial crisis (GFC) in recent years was an eye-opening and defining moment for financial regulators around the world in two ways. First, the GFC has taught us that non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs), which existed in the early nineties to complement the traditional banking system, are a major source of systemic risk to the financial system through its significance as a source of credit and liquidity in the economy or its interconnectedness with the banking system. Second, the GFC shows the failure of regulators and market participants alike to fully understand and appreciate the strength of the amplifying mechanisms particularly those of the shadow banking system that exacerbated business and financial cycles in the financial system (Dudley, 2009).