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Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO: A Unified Solution for Both Phase Shifter and Switch Networks

There have been extensive researches on hybrid beamforming for massive MIMO to achieve huge spectral efficiency with reasonable cost and power consumption. In this paper, we propose a unified solution to maximizing the spectral efficiency given the number of radio frequency (RF) chains. Compared with the existing work, our method is novel in that it can deal with different RF networks, including networks of switches, variable phase shifters with different resolutions, and shifterplus-switches. Given the analog beamformer, we then obtain the digital beamformer using the standard water-filling method. The simulation verifies that the hybrid beamforming achieved by our algorithm can find a solution very close to the fully digital beamforming (within a small fraction of dB). It also shows that the switch network-based hybrid beamforming is about 4dB away from the ideal phase shifter-based one.