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Theory of orientational relaxation in systems with continuous symmetry.

We study the response to a magnetic field variation of a system with continuous symmetry in the ordered phase. Nonlinear relaxation of a vector order parameter is expected to occur even for a very small field if this is switched on in a direction not close to the direction of the initial magnetization. The transient behavior is explained in terms of fluctuations associated with the decay from the initial state which, immediately after a field inversion, is unstable. We find a metastablelike behavior of the magnetization, anomalies in the fluctuations of the order parameter, and a large growth of the correlation length above the equilibrium values. We study the effects of both homogeneous and inhomogeneous fluctuations using two complementary theoretical approaches, i.e., the quasideterministic theory and the spherical limit.