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[Treatment of severe anaemia in patients who refuse blood transfusion].

In situations involving serious bleeding and anaemia, a refusal of blood transfusion puts the clinician in an ethical and medical dilemma, as standard treatment is not an option, and the patient risks dying of a potentially reversible cause. This status article describes methods of treatment under the concept of "bloodless medicine", where surgical and supportive techniques are used to manage and treat severe anaemia.