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Risk for recurrence of disease following surgical therapy of peri-implantitis - a prospective longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present prospective study was to assess the risk for disease recurrence following surgical therapy of peri-implantitis.


MATERIAL & METHODS
73 patients (130 implants) treated surgically for peri-implantitis were examined at 1 and 5 years after therapy. The primary outcome was recurrence/progression of disease defined as any of the following events: (i) bone loss >1.0 mm, (ii) surgical retreatment, (iii) implant removal/loss after year 1. Patient- and implant-related parameters as well as 1-year outcomes were evaluated as potential predictors through multiple logistic regression analysis.


RESULTS
57 implants (44%) displayed recurrence/progression of peri-implantitis during follow-up. Among these, 27 implants were removed. Residual deep probing pocket depth (≥6 mm; odds ratio 7.4; 95% confidence interval 2.8-19.3) and reduced marginal bone level (OR 1.4; 95%CI 1.1-1.7) at 1 year after surgery constituted risk factors for recurrence/progression of disease. Furthermore, implants with modified surfaces were at higher risk than implants with non-modified surfaces (OR 5.1; 95%CI 1.6-16.5).


CONCLUSION
Implants with (i) residual deep probing pocket depth, (ii) reduced marginal bone level or (iii) modified surfaces following surgical therapy of peri-implantitis present with increased risk for recurrence/progression.