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Organization in the crowd – looking ahead

Our article in this issue theorizes the organization of public, large-scale crowd-enabled networks using a simple model of nested peer production processes. The empirical case used to illustrate and assess this model is Occupy Wall Street from the height of the US protests in the fall of 2011 through the tailing off period in the spring of 2012. Communication platforms and the networks across them carry relatively more of the organizational burden in crowd-enabled protests than they do in more conventional cases. While we identified Twitter as the key stitching mechanism used to coordinate other actors and platforms within the wider protest ecology, we also note that different research questions, different cases, or future technological innovations may point researchers to other coordinating mechanisms. Such differences may entail some adjustments to our conceptual scheme, but we believe that similar kinds of patterned peer production processes will carry over to other instances of crowd-enabled action. This said, there is much more work to be done. We thank Donatella della Porta, Paolo Gerbaudo, and David Karpf both for generously highlighting the contributions of our work and for raising important questions that need to be addressed in this area of study. Rather than respond to each set of comments in turn, we will focus on what we see as three sets of common questions raised in interestingly different ways by each of the respondents. These questions echo more broadly among scholars interested in collective and connective action, and grappling with developing appropriate theory and methods.