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INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS : OCCURANCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PLANTS

An overview of the occurrence, distribution and contamination of inorganic chemical substances in various environmental compartments and the rates of flow between these will be given. In an ecosystem the pathways and location of elements can be influenced in a specific manner by the organisms, e.g. by selective uptake and enrichment of the inorganic substances. Special emphasize is placed on the distribution and activity of chemical elements in plants in relation to their occurrence in the earth crust, their beneficial effects to living organisms and their acute or chronic toxicity to living systems. From here a so called “reference plant” could be developed, which allow a direct comparison of individual plant species by standardizing them against the reference plant. A Biological System of the Elements (BSE) has been established, which take inter-elemental correlations, the biological function and the uptake form of individual elements into consideration. If the relationship in between these functions of elements is out of balance the inorganic contamination might have a toxicological effect.