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Method of description and the properties of the Fourier components of periodically variable linear polarization

When interpreting observations of variable polarization of the emission of binary stars and other objects the problem arises of comparing the observed and calculated polarization curves. A description of the shape of the polarization phase curve in the (Q x U) plane independent of the choice of the zero-point of the polarization position angle is proposed for periodically variable, linearly polarized radiation on the basis of the expansion of the Stokes parameters Q and U in Fourier series. In the (Q x U) plane each Fourier component of the Stokes parameters Q and U consists of an ellipse characterized by four geometrical parameters. Several examples of the description of calculated curves of polarization of the optical emission of binary x-ray systems are given for cases when the scattering takes place in optically thick media: for scattering of the light of a tidally deformed star in its atmosphere and of the light of a star of an accretion disk, both for one lying in the orbital plane and an inclined and precessing disk. Certain properties of the polarization phase curves in the (Q x U) plane resulting from the symmetry properties of rotating systems are pointed out.