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Possible case of sirenomelia in the Tumaco‐Tolita pottery pre‐Columbian culture, 2000 years before the epidemic focus of sirenomelia in Cali‐Colombia

follow up of the ECLAMC (Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations), an epidemic focus of sirenomelia, where during a 55-day period between September 12, 2004, and February 2, 20005, 1,064 children were born and four cases presented this rare disease, whichwas considered unusual and suggesting the presence of a cluster [Castilla et al., 2008]. We present a pottery sample from the Tumaco-Tolita culture close to 2,000 years old with a possible sirenomelia that presents phenotypical features like fused lower limbs, probably constituting the oldest evidence of this disease in the pre-Hispanic LatinAmerican and past world. The Tumaco-Tolita culture inhabited the geo-historic region of the Pacific Colombo-Ecuadorian coast during the years 300 BCE to 600 CE (Fig. 1). This culture was characterized for depicting with impressive realism the different pathologies affecting their population. In their pottery work, they show evidence of genetic illnesses like Down syndrome and achondroplasia, congenital malformations, and health states like maternity, aging processes, and death [Bernal and Brice~ no, 2006; Pachajoa et al., 2007].