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Dental, Occlusal, and Craniofacial Features of Children With Microcephaly Due to Congenital Zika Infection: 3 Cases Report From Valle del Cauca, Cali—Colombia—2020

Objective: Describes dental, occlusal, and craniofacial characteristics of 3 children aged 3 to 4 years with microcephaly due to congenital Zika infection in Cali Valle del Cauca, 2020. Design: Three children case report with congenital Zika virus microcephaly. Setting: Institutional Patients: Three children with maternal viral infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction during first trimester of pregnancy were included and were born from 2016 to 2017. Interventions: Oral and mouth functional examination was performed including soft tissue examination; lingual and labial frenulum; evaluation of swallowing and chewing; craniofacial analysis; dimension of dental arch; intercanine and intermolar distance, palate form; relationship and growth of maxilla, mandible, and facial dental midline using plaster models; and complementary image analysis. Main Outcome Measures: Child and mother sociodemographic features, craniofacial measurements; dental and oral features; maxillary and mandibular measures; and speech, swallowing, and chewing disorders. Results: Small head circumference at birth and at the time of clinical evaluation was compared to normal children of approximately their age. Upper third of the face was short, and presence of hypertonic masticatory muscles with hypotonic swallowing muscles, dysphagia, dyslalia, bruxism, lip incompetence, tongue interposition, and hypersalivation and epilepsy were the main medical problem. They have complete primary dentition with normal dental morphology, tooth eruption altered, dental caries, and dental malocclusion was identified. Conclusion: There are no changes in the dental formula and dental morphology in the deciduous dentition. They present severe chewing and speaking limitation, facial disproportion, and occlusal problems that warrant dental and medical attention.