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Evaluation of the relationship between COVID-19 and hyperglycemia

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and enters cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme. This enzyme is found in many organs, including the pancreas. Thus, the virus enters the pancreatic islets via this enzyme and causes acute hyperglycemia by triggering acute beta-cell dysfunction. Hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor that increases the mortality and morbidity of COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the presence of elevated glucose levels and/or DM in COVID-19 patients and their relationship with clinical findings, biochemical and inflammatory markers, and prognosis of COVID-19. The study included 300 patients. Advanced age (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 1.0-1.1, p: 0.03) and mutant strain (OR:0.1, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3, p: <0.01) was found to be significant in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Hyperglycemia was observed when CT (p=0.04) involvement increased. COVID-19 infection affects several systems, including the mechanism of blood sugar regulation. The frequencies of intensive care treatment, elevated CRP, increased sedimentation, elevated D-dimer, and mutant strains, 2 of which were Brazilian and 66 British mutations, were significantly higher in hyperglycemic patients without DM. The presence of hyperglycemia at the time of admission has prognostic significance, and the clinician should be more careful in patients with hyperglycemia at the time of admission. Future studies with long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients may elucidate the causality between COVID-19 and hyperglycemia.