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Antiangiogenic activity of zoledronic acid: inhibition of the VEGF-VEGFR-2 autocrine loop in the endothelial cells of patients with multiple myeloma

Blood vessels are an important component of bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM). Their formation (angiogenesis) parallels the transition from monoclonal gammopathy unassociated/unattributable (MG[u]) to MM, or from remission MM to relapse and the leukemic phase.1,2 The new vessels convey oxygen and metabolites, while endothelial cells (EC) at their tips secrete growth and invasive factors for plasma cells.3