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Book Review: Les Diasporas

class and racial configuration of the population. They caution that, “The current trajectory of Asian migration should give all of us pause to think carefully about the kind of society and the set of social and political values that define this nation in the early 21st century” (p. 5). The authors achieve a balance between presenting historical context and analysis of legislative debates and immigration reforms, to convey the central arguments in each chapter. They divide their book into three parts: “Law,” “The Unwanted,” and “The Highly Skilled,” with each chapter carefully examining how immigration policies were finessed to meet U.S. political and economic objectives. The authors claim that more restrictive policies limited the admission of “undesirable” Asian immigrants, incrementally replacing the liberal immigration policies of 1965. In this effort by Congress to reduce the cost of immigration, the family reunification provisions were revised to limit those who might become reliant on public assistance programs. They also discuss the political negotiations to deport Southeast Asian Americans who originally arrived as refugees or immigrants who were later convicted of crimes, even though they already served their sentences, often for relatively minor offenses. Park and Park examine the “desired” immigrants who are recruited to fill labor shortages, for example, in the high-tech industries and health care professions. Employmentbased immigration policies have led to the arrival of unprecedented numbers of skilled workers who are given permanent residency, temporary worker, or guest worker status. The new laws have made it easier for those in the “non-immigrant” category to become permanent residents and to attain U.S. citizenship. By privileging rich immigrants over poor ones, Park and Park argue that such policies are reshaping the class dimensions of the Asian American community, which creates internal class cleavages and makes it more challenging to build coalitions with other communities of color around issues of social injustice. In comparative sections, they astutely show how immigration reforms also affect Latinos in parallel ways. To strengthen their arguments, the authors could elaborate on how conditions in the homeland countries create emigrants and how transnational capital or U.S. foreign policies influence immigration laws. Despite these drawbacks, Probationary Americans is the most comprehensive guide to how contemporary immigration policies affect who is eligible to be an immigrant or refugee and the process by which they are selectively incorporated. These three books, although distinct in their focus and contributions to the field, complement one another by explaining the various immigration flows from Asia and the heterogeneity of the Asian American population, examining how a racialized group that is over 70% foreign-born can become incorporated in, marginalized by, or excluded from U.S. society. These studies are quite timely and provide informative lessons that can help us critically analyze the current debates and protests over U.S. immigration laws and citizenship policies.