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Making good things happen: optimism and the range of personal social networks

view of mankind. Rather, it pertains to one‘s prevailing expectations across a variety of situations, regardless of how they might come about, with particular relevance to the attainment of personal goals. One‘s upbringing and personal experiences are thought to be important for the development of optimism (e.g., Carver and Scheier 2002; Seligman 1991; 2007). Carver and Scheier (1985; 1987; 2002) maintain that one‘s generalized outcome expectancies are especially relevant to life outcomes, as most social situations are new in some regard, evolve with time, and are multiply determined. Thus, while specific beliefs (e.g., ―I am a good parent,‖ ―I manage my time well‖) are relevant to the pursuit of various goals, generalized expectancies are overarching beliefs which infuse virtually all goal pursuits and therefore shape one‘s cognitive, emotional, and behavioral tendencies.