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Allied Internment Camps in Occupied Germany

If asked when 7,080 prisoners were detained without trial in a camp at Neuengamme or 2,841 at Dachau or 9,783 at Buchenwald, most people would probably answer some time in the 1930s or early 1940s. These are, after all, the names of some of the most notorious Nazi concentration camps. But these figures in fact come fromMay 1946, January 1948, and January 1950, months and years after the defeat and collapse of Nazi Germany. At these points in time, the camps were operating under the aegis of the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR, respectively. The detainees were thus not prisoners of Nazi Germany but were among the large number of Germans (and some foreigners) arrested by the victorious Allied powers that occupied Germany at the end of the Second World War. In total, more than 400,000 Germans were interned without trial: as many as 170,000 by the Americans; approximately 130,000 by the Soviets; at least 91,000 by the British; and around 21,500 by the French. A tiny minority of internees were suspected of war crimes, but most were detained because the occupiers deemed them ‘dangerous’ enough to be taken into what the western powers called ‘automatic arrest’. The