{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024059222702035782, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.730290456431535, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effect of Diallyl Disulfide Immobilization on the Immunoreaction of Polysulfone Membranes

Diallyl disulfide (DADS) was covalently bonded to a layer of poly(acrylic acid) grafting on the surface of polysulfone (PSF) membranes. The effects of DADS bonding on oxidative stress, removal of cholesterol, triglyceride and endotoxin, and the ability of thrombus prevention were then evaluated. The surface was characterized with contact angle measurement and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Thrombus, platelet aggregation, and oxidative stress were evaluated using human blood. Coagulation times (CT) were evaluated in vitro for hemocompatibility. The production of reactive oxygen species was measured by the chemiluminescence (CL) method to evaluate the oxidative stress. Furthermore, the removal of cholesterol, triglyceride and bacterial endotoxin by DADS-bonding PSF was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the DADS-bonding PSF membrane exhibited longer CT, and less adsorption of plasma proteins than the unmodified PSF membrane. In addition, the CL counts of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide values for the DADS-bonding PSF membrane were more stable than those for the unmodified PSF membrane. In addition, the DADS-bonding PSF membrane exhibited ability to remove cholesterol, triglyceride and endotoxin. These results demonstrate that DADS bonding can improve the blood compatibility of PSF membranes. The DADS-bonding PSF membrane could offer protection for patients against oxidative stress and could also reduce the dosage of anticoagulant required during hemodialysis.