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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) alleviate naphthalene-triggered oxidative stress and physiological deficiencies in Moringa oleifera

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate oxidative stress and physiological deficiencies from naphthalene toxicity on Moringa oleifera and adsorptive properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to alleviate the deficiencies. Naphthalene contents in soil and M. oleifera were quantified with gas chromatography coupled with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID). M. oleifera was planted on 0.35 mgNaph/g soil, 0.30 mgNaph/g soil, 0.25 mgNaph/g soil, 0.30 mgNaph + 0.30 mg AgNPs/g soil and 0.30 mg AgNPs/g soil symbolised as groups B, C, D, E and F, respectively, while group A was control (water). Naphthalene significantly retarded M. oleifera growth parameters, declined stress tolerance capacity and created water deficit. It induced oxidative stress by increasing malondialdehyde contents and compromised antioxidant activities by 69.64%, 45.27% and 39.38% in M. oleifera planted on B, C and D, respectively. Naphthalene declined photosynthetic indicators in M. oleifera by 60.69%, 52.41%, 29.66% in B, C and D, respectively. AgNPs noticeably reduced naphthalene toxicity on antioxidant activity, photosynthetic pigment, translocation into M. oleifera and retention in soil by 21.36%, 79.31%, 65.83% and 89.59%, respectively. Results in this study indicate AgNPs possess the ability to alleviate oxidative stress triggered by naphthalene toxicity.