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A new apparatus for the investigation of congenital heart disease.

With the move to a new X-ray department, the opportunity was taken to design equipment that was particularly adapted to the problems of investigation of congenital heart disease. Five principles in design were adopted: (1) The apparatus had to allow biplane fiuoroscopy. (2) It had to allow biplane cine-radiography. (3) The two planes should not necessarily be at right angles to each other and the main emphasis was to be on the facility for obtaining oblique projections at varying angles. (4) These projections should be obtainable with the minimum of movement of the subject. (5) There should be good access to the patient. Reasons for deciding on these principles were as follows: Firstly, biplane fiuoroscopy was required to help localisation of the catheter tip in three dimensions; this is invaluable in congenital heart disease, particularly in the more complex anomalies. A simple example of this lies in the constantly recurring question—Was the catheter tip passed from the right atrium to the left? The fro...