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Zinc and cardiovascular risk in nephropathic patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment

Objective: To assess the relationship between zinc concentration and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. Methods: Analytical retrospective cross-sectional study carried out in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, in 2012 with 43 adult patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis (HD group) and 35 healthy individuals (control group). Socioeconomic and biochemical (total cholesterol TC, Castro AS, Pessoa PP, Barroso CF, Araújo GN, Sousa MP, Oliveira DL et al. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde, Fortaleza, 31(1): 1-7, jan./mar., 2018 2 low density lipoprotein LDL, very low density lipoprotein VLDL, high density lipoprotein HDL and triglycerides TG) were collected. Plasma zinc was determined using coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. HD group’ lipid profile was collected from medical records, and the controls’ lipid profile was analyzed using the Bioclin® kit. Non-HDL cholesterol was = CT – HDL-C. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the TG/HDL ratio, with risk when >3.8. Student’s t test, Pearson’s test or Spearman’s test were used. Results: Zinc was below the recommended and lower (p<0.001) in the HD group (68.40μg/dL and 85.53μg/dL, respectively). HDL-c in the HD group was below the recommended (39.64±11.58). VLDL (29.02±14.03 mg/dL) in HD patients was higher (p<0.001) than in controls (15.47±10.65 mg/dL). LDL was higher in the HD group than in controls (p=0.05) and TG in the HD group (145.14±70.15 mg/dL) was higher (p<0.001) than in controls (77.35±53.25 mg/dL). The TG/HDL ratio in the HD group was 4.02±2.60 (p=0.04), indicating a higher cardiovascular risk. Individuals with higher TG/HDL had lower zinc (p=0.011). Conclusion: Patients on hemodialysis presented with zinc deficiency and high cardiovascular risk, but there was no correlation between zinc levels and lipid profile. Descriptors: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Zinc; Renal Dialysis; Cholesterol.