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Identification of Vaginal Stains by Detection of 17 β-Estradiol

ABSTRACT 17β-Estradiol (E2–17β), the female hormone with the strongest estrogenic activity, is thought to be present in high quantities in vaginal secretions because it is synthesized mainly in the ovaries and placenta. To clarify whether the detection of E2–17β is useful for identifying vaginal secretions among other body fluid stains, we quantified the amount of E2–17β in extracts from body fluid stains of approximately 4 cm in diameter using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that E2–17β was strongly detected in all of 6 extracts from vaginal stains (81–1,811 ng/mL), 1 of 10 extracts from semen stains (31 ng/mL), and 1 of 9 extracts from female saliva stains (37 ng/mL). All other samples tested were below the limit of quantification. In addition, E2–17β did not show significant degradation in stains kept for 2 days at room temperature. Then, the usefulness of a simple and rapid commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit using E2–17β monoclonal antibody was examined. Although the ELISA results were consistent with those from GC-MS, the assay was prone to problems affecting the accuracy of quantification. This is a preliminary report that E2–17β is present at high concentrations in vaginal secretions and its detection might be useful to identify vaginal stains among other body fluid stains.