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Chromium supplementation enhances antibody response to vaccination with tetanus toxoid in cattle.

Nineteen multiparous late-pregnant dairy cows were divided into an experimental group (n = 10) and a control group (n = 9). Animals in the experimental group were fed a diet supplemented with chromium chelate admixed into wheat meal at 5 mg per animal per day. The supplementation was started 4 weeks before calving and stopped by the end of week 3 after calving. All the cows were vaccinated with tetanus toxoid in the fifth and sixth week of lactation. Monitoring of the characteristics of non-specific immunity did not show any significant between-group differences in total and differential leucocyte counts, percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations, activities of lectin-stimulated lymphocytes, phagocytic activities, and the contents of total immunoglobulins and lysozyme in blood sera. Tetanus toxoid-specific antibody titres, those of the IgG2 isotype in particular, were higher in the experimental group than in the control animals. These results indicate that chromium supplementation at the level used in this experiment modulated the regulation of functions of the immune system.