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Patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 is involved in hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism through X‐box binding protein 1 and modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is considered to be an important pathological characteristic in NASH. A sequence variation (I148M) in the patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3/adiponutrin (PNPLA3) gene is known to be associated with the development of NASH. However, PNPLA3 deficiency has been considered to not be associated with fatty liver disease. To clarify, therefore, the role of PNPLA3 in liver, we established PNPLA3 knockout (KO) mice and investigated the phenotypes and involved factors under ER stress.