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Effect of non-alignment of specimen and texture axes on the measurement of stress using the ultrasonic SH wave technique

In an unstressed orthorhombic material the shear wave velocity is invariant under an interchange of the propagation and polarisation directions, if these directions lie along the principal texture axes of the material. In the presence of a stress with principal stress directions coincident with the principal texture axes, this symmetry is broken and the change in the velocity when the propagation and polarisation directions are interchanged is given by the difference in stresses along the propagation and polarisation directions. In this paper, the effect of a misalignment of the symmetry and sample planes on this relationship has been examined. For austenitic welds, an error in the determination of stress of the order of yield can occur for tilts of 5 degrees . However, for structural steels with textures very much less than the theoretical maximum, a determination of the stress present to an accuracy of 10% of yield remains possible using this technique.