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The Causes of Demographic Change. Experimental Research in South India . By J. C. Caldwell, P. H. Reddy & P. Caldwell. Pp. 285. (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1988.) US $37.50 (hardback), $19.95 (paperback).

reviews and presents fresh data analysis on the correspondence of mates for psychometric characters. The final part of the book is designated as dealing with social, religious and cultural factors in the choice of mates. In fact, the entire volume explicitly confronts these topics, for as several authors point out, mate choice among people is determined through social as much as physical opportunity and constraint. Dyke & Riviere use genealogies from fieldwork and computer simulation to test whether the Trio, horticulturalists from Brazil and Surinam, marry as they say they should. Reynolds gives a precis and two elaborations of fine tuning (Hutterites and Kippel, Switzerland) of the theme that the encouragement or discouragement of reproduction given by the major religions is adaptive to the circumstances of the population. Finally, Borgerhoff-Mulder gives a vigorous introduction to the hypothesis from behavioural ecology that polygyny in humans might result from female preference for wealthy men. She then tests it against field data gathered from the Kipsigis of southwestern Kenya. Although mating is the subject of the title, it is fertile marriage that the book chiefly emphasizes. Indeed, Mascie-Taylor, the only author who confronts this distinction, sees fertility as the property distinguishing mating from mere marriage. My own interpretation would be rather different, and I should have favoured some treatment of extra-marital fertility, if only to evaluate it as an alternative reproductive strategy; though I doubt that the paramount importance of marriage would be diminished by such a comparison. This is an exemplary and stimulating book, which deserves to provoke a good deal of further research. In particular, it emphasizes the need for integrated research on human reproductive success, where biological consequences are articulated to such a great extent through the medium of marriage and social control.