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Placental volume relative to fetal weight estimated by sonography in diabetic pregnancies

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to analyze the fetal weight and placental volume (PV) ratio in diabetic pregnancies during mid-pregnancy. Method: One hundred and forty nine diabetic pregnancies [75 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 74 diabetes mellitus type I (T1DM) with good glycemic control] and 232 healthy patients were analyzed by three-dimensional sonographic volumetry of the placenta, while fetal weight was estimated by two-dimensional technique. Results: The gestational age-specific estimated fetal weight (EFW) [EFWGDM: 1840.8 ± 932.82 g; EFWT1DM: 1475.6 ± 914.7 g (mean ± standard deviation) and placental ratio (PR)] was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in pregnancies complicated by GDM and T1DM (PRGDM: 5.5 ± 1.67 g/cm3, PRT1DM: 4.56 ± 3.2 g/cm3) compared to control group (Q) (EFWQ: 532 ± 186.49 g; PRQ: 2.2 ± 0.8 g/cm3), whereas PV was significantly higher (p < 0.05) only in GDM (PVGDM: 334.3 ± 111.5 cm3) compared to control data (PVQ: 232 ± 78.9 cm3). In contrast to GDM, T1DM with good glycemic control did not predispose to any changes in placental sonographic volumetric differences compared to control values. Conclusions: Fetal weight related to the PV is already elevated in second trimester in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus and type I diabetes mellitus compared to normal pregnancies.