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Passive Coprime Split Aperture Beamforming

The essential problem examined here is the estimation of the direction of point sources impinging on a sparse linear array. This paper introduces passive narrowband split-aperture [1], [2] processing, a variation of cross correlation beamforming, with coprime sub-arrays using the magnitude squared coherence (MSC) [3], [4], as a spatial pseudo-spectrum estimator. coprime split aperture cross-correlates coprime thinned arrays, which requires fewer sensors than a standard uniform line array spanning the physical same aperture. This paper introduces the coprime split-aperture concept, interprets the MSC as a phase cross-correlation operation, and provides simulations illustrating performance characteristics compared to two conventional split aperture processors, all assuming proper complex circular random signals.