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Management of dementia-related agitation: between the devil and the deep blue sea

Dementia-related agitation is a common and costly condition that is distressing, debilitating, often dangerous and usually difficult to treat in a safe and reliable manner.1 Clinicians are caught between the ‘devil’ of medications with unfavourable risk–benefit profiles2 and the ‘deep blue sea’ of non-pharmacological interventions perceived as impractical and lacking in evidence for benefit.3 Before opting for any intervention, it is essential to rule out underlying causes of agitation and then consider strategies such as environmental modification, sensory interventions and family involvement/support.