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A case of significant subcutaneous emphysema on non-invasive respiratory support in a late preterm infant

Abstract Air leaks are known complications associated with mechanical ventilation, with a higher incidence in more premature babies. Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are the most common ones and the majority would resolve spontaneously without active intervention. Subcutaneous emphysema is very rare, with few reported cases in neonates. We report here a case of extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in a late preterm baby developed while on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) respiratory support.