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In‐vitro effect of flavonoids from Solidago canadensis extract on glutathione S‐transferase

Solidago canadensis is typical of a flavonoid‐rich herb and the effect of an aqueous ethanol extract on glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activity using HepG2 cells was compared with those of the flavonol quercetin and its glycosides quercitrin and rutin, found as major constituents. The composition of the extract was determined by HPLC and rutin was found to be the major flavonoidal component of the extract. Total GST activity was assessed using 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene as a substrate. The glycosides rutin and quercitrin gave dose‐dependent increases in GST activity, with a 50% and 24.5% increase at 250 mm, respectively, while the aglycone quercetin inhibited the enzyme by 30% at 250 mm. The total extract of the herb gave an overall dose‐dependent increase, the fractions corresponding to the flavonoids showed activating effects while those containing caffeic acid derivatives were inhibitory. The activity observed corresponds to that reported for similar compounds in‐vivo using rats, thus the HepG2 cell line could serve as a more satisfactory method of assessing the effects of extracts and compounds on GST.