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Stroke Prevention Therapy Beyond Antithrombotics: Unifying Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Implications for Therapy: An Invited Review

Background— It is estimated that about half of cardiovascular disease risk is explained by conventional risk factors. The realization that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease has led to a search for new stroke and cardiovascular disease risk factors and treatments. As such, the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque has become the main focus for new medical strategies for plaque stabilization and stroke prevention. Summary of Review— In this invited review, I discuss inflammation as a possible risk factor for stroke, unifying mechanisms in ischemic stroke pathogenesis, and new avenues for stroke prevention—statin agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and vitamins. These new stroke prevention therapies may help to reduce inflammation, serve to stabilize the atherosclerotic plaque, or act by other protective mechanisms. Conclusion— Beyond the traditional antithrombotic agents, statin agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and vitamins may prove to be important additions to our armamentarium for stroke prevention.