{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03352601156069364, 'fraction_numerical': 0.019653179190751446, 'mean_word_length': 5.788235294117647, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 1, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Innovative antigen carrier system for the development of tuberculosis vaccines

A major obstacle to tuberculosis (TB)‐subunit–vaccine development has been the induction of inadequate levels of protective immunity due to the limited breadth of antigen in vaccine preparations. In this study, immunogenic mycobacterial fusion peptides Ag85B‐TB10.4 and Ag85B‐TB10.4‐Rv2660c were covalently displayed on the surface of self‐assembled polyester particles. This study investigated whether polyester particles displaying mycobacterial antigens could provide augmented immunogenicity (i.e., offer an innovative vaccine formulation) when compared with free soluble antigens. Herein, polyester particle–based particulate vaccines were produced in an endotoxin‐free Escherichia coli strain and emulsified with the adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide. C57BL/6 mice were used to study the immunogenicity of formulated particulate vaccines. The result of humoral immunity showed the antibodies only interacted with target antigens and not with PhaC and the background proteins of the production host. The analysis of T helper 1 cellular immunity indicated that a relatively strong production of cellular immunity biomarkers, IFN‐γ and IL‐17A cytokines, was induced by particulate vaccines when compared with the respective soluble controls. This study demonstrated that polyester particles have the potential to perform as a mycobacterial antigen–delivery agent to induce augmented antigen‐specific immune responses in contrast to free soluble vaccines.—Chen, S., Sandford, S., Kirman, J. R., Rehm, B. H. A. Innovative antigen carrier system for the development of tuberculosis vaccines. FASEB J. 33, 7505–7518 (2019). www.fasebj.org