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Well-Designed Porous Graphene Flakes for Lithium Ion Batteries with Outstanding Rate Performance.

Porous graphene flakes (PGFs) with controllable pore size are selectively prepared through self-assembly of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on organic modified montmorillonite combined with carbonization and subsequent annealing treatment. The resulting PGFs with a thickness of 5 nm have a specific surface area of 337 m2/g, pore volume of 0.66 cm3/g and mean pore diameter of 15 nm. Due to the unique porous flake structure, PGFs show an impressive rate performance in lithium-ion batteries, especially at high current densities (238 mAh/g at 10 C) as well as long term stability in comparison to the commercial graphite (55 mAh/g at 10 C). Therefore, PGFs with its key structural properties serve as ideal candidate as electrode component in lithium-ion batteries and show a great potential application in other energy storage fields.