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Reversal of exchange bias in nanocrystalline antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic bilayers

The sign of the exchange bias in field cooled nanocrystalline antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic bilayers (Co–O and Ni–O/permalloy) is reversed at temperatures approaching the antiferromagnetic (AFM) blocking temperature. A similar phenomenon is observed after magnetic training processes at similar temperatures. These effects can be explained assuming that the boundaries of nanocrystalline grains in AFM layers exhibit lower transition temperatures than grain cores.