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Characterization of carbamazepine metabolism in a mouse model of carbamazepine teratogenicity.

The disposition of carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated in the SWV mouse. A 14C-CBZ dose was administered to CBZ pretreated mice, and the distribution of radiolabeled material was determined. Twenty-four hours after the 14C-CBZ dose, 92.5% of the dose was accounted for in urine (56%), in the visera and carcass (22%), in feces (11%), and expired as 14CO2 (2%). CBZ metabolites present in hydrolyzed urine were also identified using a combination of spectroscopic techniques. CBZ, CBZ-10,11-epoxide (CBZE), 2- and 3-hydroxy-CBZ, methylsulfonyl-CBZ, and glucuronides of CBZ and CBZE accounted for 64% of total urinary radioactivity (0-24 hr) in CBZ pretreated mice. Minor metabolites of CBZ included novel cysteine and N-acetylcysteine conjugates of CBZ, as well as a methylsulfonyl conjugate of CBZE not previously reported. The urinary excretion of these thioether conjugates was increased in CBZ/phenobarbital pretreated mice and decreased in CBZ/stiripentol pretreated mice in comparison with CBZ-only treated mice. Preliminary studies of the effects of phenobarbital and stiripentol on the urinary abundance of these metabolites are consistent with the modulation of teratogenicity in the SWV mouse by the same pretreatments. These data suggest the formation of thioether metabolites of CBZ may be related to CBZ teratogenicity in the SWV mouse.