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Attribution in Cyberspace: Challenges for U.S. Law Enforcement

"Who did it?" Attribution, some may argue, is a challenge "as old as crime and punishment." In the cyber realm too, criminal attribution is a key delineating factor between cybercrime and other threats. When investigating a given incident, law enforcement is challenged with tracing the action to its source and determining whether the actor is a criminal or whether the actor may be a terrorist or state actor posing a potentially greater national security threat.