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Hepatocellular carcinoma with Australia antigen and alpha-fetoglobulin in the serum: report of two cases.

Two patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were found to have Australia antigen and alpha-fetoglobulin in their sera. This association previously has been described in similar cases from Africa. Even though certain aspects of this neoplasm have geographic variations, its association with Australia antigen and fetoglobulin does not appear to be restricted to that part of the world. At present, no clearly defined mechanism explains the relationship of these immunologic findings. They may be related to other factors that remain to be defined in the evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma from viral hepatitis and cirrhosis.