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Career Development of Black Males: Case Studies

Black American men are among the nation’s most unemployed and underemployed groups (Leonard, 1985). The unemployment rate among Black Americans was 10.4% in 1995, as compared with 4.9% among White Americans, 9.3% among Hispanics, and 5.6% among all Americans (Table 644 in Bureau of the Census, 1997). In addition to racism (Brown & Ford, 1977), this situation may be partly explained by the educational attainment and vocational choices of Black males. Comparing Black and White men, Karweit (1977) found that Black men tend to have lower educational attainments, terminate formal schooling earlier, resume schooling less often and after a longer absence, and pursue non-degree oriented courses more often. Other studies suggest that Black and White college men have different vocational interests. Black males tend to prefer artistic occupations (Slaney & Brown, 1983) and services to people, whereas White men are more interested in math and science occupations (Hager & Elton, 1971). While math and science related careers tend to require more education and imply higher prestige and financial rewards, these racial differences in educational attainment and vocational choice, together with racial discrimination, may contribute to Black men’s higher rate of unemployment and underemployment and their underrepresentation in occupations with higher socioeconomic status.