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Integrating Geostatistical Tools in Geographical Information Systems

Increasingly, geostatistical procedures have been used for analysis and for attribute modeling of spatial data. These procedures are applied to an attribute sample set, represented as points, and allow the estimation of numerical and categorical attribute values in locations not sampled. Furthermore, the geostatistical estimation processes permit the inference of uncertainties related to the estimated values. In Geographical Information Systems – GIS – environment, the attribute models and their uncertainties can be used as input data for computational modeling of environmental processes. This paper addresses the main aspects involved in the incorporation of geostatistical procedures in a GIS environment. The requirements for a geostatistical module, implemented as part of the GIS, are described and analyzed. Also, the extension of a model description language to consider the uncertainties of the data models and to propagate them to the computational modeling results is presented and discussed.