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A Comparison of the Renal Effects of Isoflurane and Methoxyflurane in Fischer 344 Rats

Isoflurane, although minimally metabolized to inorganic fluoride, did not cause renal functional or pathologic abnormalities in Fischer 344 rats. Mean peak serum inorganic fluoride levels were 6.5 ± 1.2 μM/1 following 4.0 MAC hours of isoflurane anesthesia and 7.3 ± 0.6 μM/1 following 15 MAC hours. By contrast, methoxyflurane caused dose–related polyuric nephrotoxicity. This was associated with mean peak scrum inorganic fluoride levels of 56.0 ± 2.6 μM/1 following 1.5 MAC hours and 79.4 ± 2.2 μM/1 following 4.5 MAC hours of methoxyflurane anesthesia, respectively. In this animal model, an isoflurane exposure ten times greater than a nephrotoxic exposure to methoxyflurane did not result in sufficient metabolism to inorganic fluoride to cause nephrotoxicity.