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Frequency of onychomycoses in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Onychomycosis is one of the most frequent infections affecting the fingernails or the toenails and it is caused mainly by dermatophytes. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of onychomycoses in hemodialysis patients and to relate sex, age, duration of hemodialysis and causes of renal failure to the development of nail disorders. The study included 100 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The patients underwent detailed clinical examination of the toenails and those with any kind of clinical finding had nail scraping for mycological testing. In the study population, the frequency of onychomycosis was 39%. The most commonly isolated fungi were dermatophytes (69.23%), Candida spp. (15.38%) and nondermatophyte molds (15.38%). T. interdigitale was the most prevalent fungus followed by Candida ssp. and T. rubrum. The risk of onychomycosis increases by 1.9% for each additional year in age and diabetic patients are 88% more likely to develop onychomycosis than nondiabetic ones. The duration of hemodialysis treatment and sex were not associated with the development of onychomycosis. In conclusion, in hemodialysis patients, the frequency of onychomycosis was higher in those at advanced age and with diabetes.