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Serum C24 Bile Acids in the Developing Human Fetus

The C24 bile acids (BA) in the serum of 22 healthy human fetuses between weeks 20 and 37 of gestation were determined by capillary GC-MS. Fetal blood samples were taken in utero from the umbilical cord monitored by echography. There was no correlation between total bile acids (TBA) and gestational age. The TBA concentration was 5.14 ± 2.13 µM. Primary BA (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) were the main BA (66.78 ± 13.47%) with chenodeoxycholic acid being the main one. There were low concentrations of secondary BA (deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid) (10.28 ± 7.85%), which formed by intestinal bacterial 7α-dehydroxylation of primary BA in the adult, despite the germ-free gut. The tertiary BA (ursodeoxycholic acid) was also detected (12.06 ± 9.64%). There was 6α-hydroxylation of chenodeoxycholic acid and of lithocholic acid to produce hyocholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid respectively. Two 1β-hydroxylated BA were detected at different times of gestation. Cholic acid was rarely found in the 6α- and 1β-hydroxylated forms. These additional hydroxylations could help to protect the fetal liver against the accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids at a time when other detoxification pathways are poorly developed. Traces of unsaturated bile acids like 3β-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid were detected, showing that 27-hydroxylation of cholesterol does occur.