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Cardiovascular evaluation of the young athlete.

Young athletes with possible cardiac problems may require medical advice, sports medicine information, and treatment before a clinician can sanction sports participation. In addition, the potential medical liability of cardiac abnormalities makes the preparticipation cardiac evaluation a top priority. The author emphasizes the importance of obtaining a thorough cardiac history and performing a cardiac-specific physical examination, which may include diagnostic tests such as the treadmill and color flow Doppler echocardiography. Common cardiac referral complaints such as chest pain, murmurs, and syncope are also reviewed.