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Synergy of intensity, phase and polarization enables versatile optical nanomanipulation.

Micromanipulation by optical tweezers mainly relies on the trapping force derived from the intensity gradient of light. Here we show that the synergy of intensity, phase and polarization in structured light allows versatile optical manipulation of nanostructures. When a metal nanoparticle is confined by a linearly polarized laser field, the sign of optical force depends on the particle shape and the laser intensity, phase and polarization profiles. By tuning these parameters in optical line traps, optical trapping, transporting and sorting of silver nanostructures have been demonstrated. These findings inspired us to develop a holographic optical manipulation platform, which allows a user to control the motion of nanostructures by drawing arbitrary optical patterns with designed configurations of intensity, phase and polarization using a digital drawing tablet. This work provides a new perspective on active colloidal nanomanipulation in fully controlled optical landscapes, which largely expands the existing optical manipulation toolbox.