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Peasant Diaries and Folk Theme in L.N. Tolstoy’s Creative Laboratory of the 1870s

The article examines the folk theme in Leo Tolstoy’s historical works of the 1870s; for the first time, materials from the diaries of Yasnaya Polyana peasants D.D. Kozlov and A.R. Bocharov are introduced into scientific circulation, and their reception in the writer’s work is revealed. The structure of the work is maintained in a certain sequence. The manifestation of the peasant theme is first considered in the entries of notebooks and diaries of the indicated period. Then, in this key, the novels about Russian bogatyrs, from the times of Peter I, “The Decembrists”, “One Hundred Years”, “Toiling and Burdened” are analyzed. Excerpts from the diaries of D.D. Kozlov and A.R. Bocharov, the most significant for understanding the artist’s creativity and worldview, are given in the “Appendix”. On a broad biographical and artistic basis, it is concluded that the diaries of D.D. Kozlov and A.R. Bocharov influenced Tolstoy’s understanding and artistic expression of the peasant theme. Features of the author’s awareness of the concept of “people” reveals the complex of aspects: the dynamics of the development of the category of nationality in the poetics, aesthetics, historiosophy of Tolstoy, principles of the formation of peasant images, the issue of their prototypes. In the artist’s legacy, the people act as the engine of history, as the creator, carrier and guardian of language and culture.