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A transboundary comparative analysis of opportunities for public participation in the regulation of hydraulic fracturing in the Bakken Shale Formation

This is a comparative analysis of how regulatory regimes overlying the Bakken Shale Formation (Manitoba, Montana, North Dakota and Saskatchewan) provide for public participation in government decision-making processes for hydraulic fracturing technology. Three processes are examined and analysed: (1) policy development and rule-making; (2) licensing and operational decision-making processes; and (3) ensuring compliance with licence or approval conditions. Statutory provisions for public participation are often associated with the common law duty of ‘procedural fairness’. A description of the Bakken and an overview of public concerns about potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on the environment, human health and communities are provided.