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Evaluation of Computed Tomography Attenuation Value of Proximal Femoral Marrow to Diagnose and Differentiate Hematologic Malignancies, Myelofibrosis, and Aplastic Anemia

Objective The aim of this study was to diagnose hematologic diseases using computed tomography (CT) number of proximal femoral marrow. Methods The average CT number of marrow in hematologic diseases was measured on the caudal side of the greater trochanter. Results The CT numbers were −60.3 ± 16.8 in 12 patients with aplastic anemia, −53.2 ± 19.4 in 11 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, −44.2 ± 21.1 in 10 normal controls, −30.9 ± 42.3 in 9 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia, −29.8 ± 29.9 in 17 patients with benign anemia, −13.7 ± 40.9 in 33 patients with multiple myeloma, 0.32 ± 44.6 in 17 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 18.7 ± 40.0 in 44 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 50.3 ± 27.4 in 13 patients with acute lymphatic leukemia, 51.5 ± 16.8 in 8 patients with myelofibrosis, and 56.4 ± 15.6 in 9 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Significant differences were observed between acute myeloid leukemia and MDS, between MDS and aplastic anemia, and between multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (P < 0.01). Conclusion The marrow CT numbers may be indicators of hematologic diseases and can be used as a diagnostic tool.