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Biomedical methods for preventing the sexual transmission of HIV.

FOCUS 1 Despite several decades of rigorous clinical trials, no single biomedical, behavioral, or structural HIV prevention intervention alone has proven sufficient to address the growing HIV pandemic. Instead, combination prevention packages of partially effective interventions address both the biological and behavioral factors associated with transmission as well as the structural determinants—social, economic, political, or environmental factors— that can aid or impede the success of HIV prevention programming. This article reviews the latest research regarding biomedical HIV prevention approaches, in particular, sexually transmitted infection (STI) control, male circumcision, microbicides, the prophylactic use of HIV antiretroviral drugs, and HIV vaccines.