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Chemoecology of larvae of the European apple sawfly

In tritrophic systems, several chemically mediated relationships can co-exist. An example of such a tritrophic system is apples infested by larvae of the European apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), which in turn are attacked by predators and parasitoids. Volatiles from this system were studied at two levels: those emitted by the sawfly larvae when disturbed (see Boeve et al, 1996a) and those emitted by apples infested by sawfly larvae (see Boeve et al, 1996b). The present paper indicates some of the chemical interactions among apples, the sawfly larvae and their natural enemies. Each trophic level is considered successively.