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Stimulation of the Secretion of Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines by Bifidobacterium Strains

To characterize the ability of bifidobacteria to affect the production of macrophage‐derived cytokines, a murine macrophage‐like cell line, J774.1, was cultured in the presence of 27 strains of heat‐inactivated bifidobacteria. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and B. longum, known as adult‐type bifidobacteria, induced significantly more pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion, IL‐12 and TNF‐α, by J774.1 cells, than did the infant‐type bifidobacteria, B. bifidum, B. breve, and B. infantis (P<0.01). In contrast, B. adolescentis did not stimulate the production of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 from J774.1 cells as the other tested bacteria did. The results suggest that the adult‐type bifidobacteria, especially B. adolescentis, may be more potent to amplify but less able to down‐regulate the inflammatory response.