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The Olney — Pauncefote Treaty of 1897 — The Failure of Anglo-American General Arbitration

The negotiation of the Olney-Pauncefote Treaty occurred at a significant point in Anglo-American relations. From the War of Independence until 1897 there had been constant altercation and hostility between the two countries, for a half-century thereafter, this antagonism was replaced by a growing harmony and understanding. The important studies of the period identify an irresistible trend of Anglo-American rapprochement after 1897. 1 Almost entirely ignored by these studies, however, is the failure of the two nations to establish machinery for the general arbitration of disputes arising between them. Short of actual diplomatic alliance, the most elevated expression of an Anglo-American "understanding" or "special relationship" would have been their obligatory submission to an established tribunal of all their reciprocal international problems which diplomacy had failed to settle. This article will examine the extent to which the failure of the Olney-Pauncefote Treaty to enact principles of general arbitration, qualifies or delimits the alleged rapprochement between Britain and the United States.