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Infants presenting with respiratory distress due to anterior mediastinal teratomas: a report of three cases and a review of the literature.

Mediastinal teratomas comprise 10% of all teratomas in children (Bower & Kiesewetter, 1977). Three new cases are described and the role of plain radiography and ultrasound are discussed. A girl presented at 7 months of age with dyspnoea; she was a full-term infant, had a normal delivery, and had previously been well. An initial chest radiograph showed an unusually prominent left lobe of the thymus but this was regarded as being within normal limits. A repeat radiograph 15 weeks later showed a clear anterior mediastinal mass which contained fat (Fig. 1). The diagnosis of a thymic teratoma was suggested and at operation a soft, multicystic tumour occupying the whole of the left lobe of the thymus and measuring 5 cm × 5 cm × 3 cm was removed. Histological examination of the specimen revealed elements of cartilage, skin with appendages, pancreas and thymus. The diagnosis was a benign teratoma. Recovery was uneventful.