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Virus From 1959 Sample Marks Early Years of HIV

Almost as soon as HIV was first identified in 1983 scientists began looking for the source of the viral infection. A group of British researchers suggested in 1983 that a Manchester sailor who died in 1959 of AIDS-like symptoms may have been infected with HIV; other possible early sightings ensued. Having a better idea of when HIV first infected humans may help to identify the conditions which facilitated the widespread dissemination of HIV among humans. The first solid evidence has been produced to support the belief of many AIDS researchers that HIV-1 was present among humans by the 1950s. A team led by David Ho director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City has reported that it has isolated and sequenced fragments of an early HIV-1 genome from a 1959 sample of blood plasma. The sample came from a man living in Leopoldville Belgian Congo now known as Kinshasa capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. If correct these results would make this the earliest confirmed case of HIV infection. A comparison of the viruss genome with that of modern HIV strains is now providing information on how much the virus has evolved. Study findings could help researchers design drugs and vaccines and may offer clues on how and when HIV crossed the species barrier from monkeys or chimpanzees to humans.