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Transformations of Stewardship in the Anthropocene

F more than 12,000 years, the Earth System has been characterized by a relatively stable and hospitable state for humans and other mammals. This geological epoch is officially referred to as the Holocene. However, geoscientists such as Paul Crutzen, Will Steffen, and others argue that this situation has changed. The human imprint on the Earth System has become so significant, especially since the 1950s, that the effects of human activities (population growth, use of water and fossil fuels, consumption of fertilizers, etc.) are clearly discernible on the level of parameters important for the Earth System functioning, such as the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, biodiversity, or the extension of rain forests, polar ice caps, and glaciers. Humanity has become a “global geophysical force” by now, and accordingly, the Earth has been transformed into a “planetary-scale socialecological-geophysical system” with humanity as a major component of this system.1 This is the situation of the Anthropocene, a new geological epoch, as Crutzen and others suggest.2