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[Morphological variations of the human gastric mucosa after omeprazole treatment: a scanning electron microscopic study].

Numerous studies have been performed on the effects of omeprazole, a powerful inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, on the various morphotypes of oxyntic mucosa, whilst scant attention has been paid to modifications induced by this drug on surface epithelial mucosa. The authors carried out a SEM study on bioptic fragments removed at gastric level from 15 patients receiving omeprazole treatment for duodenal ulcer and/or reflux esophagitis, but apparently free from lesions to the mucosa of the body of the stomach. Biopsies were performed before the start, after two months and after seven-ten months of treatment. The results of basal biopsies showed an hypersecretive trend in surface epithelial cells, with frequent dissolution of the apical plasmalemma and emptying of cell bodies. After two months of treatment the hypersecretive phenomena regressed, whereas the mucosa appeared hypertrophic and presented typical cell polymorphism in some areas. After seventeen months of treatment the mucosa showed normal characteristics, except in one case in which there was a trend towards atrophy. In conclusion, the authors attribute the hypertrophic-dysplastic modifications observed after medium-term treatment to hypergastrinemia, secondary to treatment, and suggest careful morphological control follow-up during the course of treatment so as to obtain an early diagnosis of a possible deviation towards intestinal metaplasia.