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Femtosecond laser writing of three-dimensional photonic crystals in polymer

Submicron-sized voids and void channels can be generated in a solid transparent polymer by using a tightly focused femtosecond laser induced micro-explosion method. By stacking the voids and void channels layer by layer and periodically, we can fabricate various three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals of woodpile, face-centred-cubic, body-centred-cubic, and diamond lattice structures. The photonic bandgap effects and the defect generation in the photonic crystals have been revealed.