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Effect of soybean seed vigor and size on seedling growth.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed vigor can affect yield either indirectly by influencing plant populations or more directly by affecting plant growth. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the relationship between seed vigor and seedling growth. Seed lots of six cultivars with acceptable standard germination (>82%) and highl and low-vigor levels based on the speed of germination and accelerated aging germination tests were selected. In a first set of experiments, large and small size classes were selected from each seed lot of two cultivars (DeSoto and Pershing) using round hole screens. Seeds were planted in the greenhouse and seedling dry weight (excluding the cotyledons) and leaf area were measured at 5,10, 15, and 20 d after emergence (DAE) on seedlings that exhibited no cotyledon injuries and emerged on the same day. Within a vigor level, seedlings from large seeds were heavier at the first and final harvests than seedlings from small seeds by an average of 55 and 57%, respectively. Seed size had no effect on specific growth rate (SGR) (mg mg"1 day"1) or net assimilation rate (NAR) (g m"2 d"1). Seed vigor had no effect on SGR, NAR, or seedling weight at 20 DAE. In a second set of experiments, individual seed conductivity of seeds from highand low-vigor seed lots of four cultivars ('SS443', 'Harper', 'BE-29' and 'Williams 82') was measured and related to seedling dry weight accumulation. There was no significant relationship between conductivity and seedling dry weight at 20 DAE for seedlings with no cotyledon injury. However, an average of 49% of the seedlings from low vigor seedlots showed cotyledon injury at emergence vs. 20% for high-vigor seedlots. Seedlings with cotyledon injury emerged slower and had less dry weight at 20 DAE. The data indicate that seed vigor has no effect on the ability of the seedling to accumulate dry weight if there is no injury to the cotyledons. Additional index words: Glycine max (L.) Merrill, Growth analysis, Germination, Physical injury, Conductivity.