{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.022179363548698167, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007714561234329798, 'mean_word_length': 5.4875, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Modeling and analysis of stretching strain in clamped-clamped beams for energy harvesting

In this paper, the utilization of stretching strain that exists in clamped-clamped beam structures is investigated as a main source for energy harvesting from vibrations using a piezoelectric material. This technique eliminates the need for a substrate material, and reduces the electrodes configuration complexity, thus simplifies the fabrication process. This structure exhibits nonlinear dynamics under certain conditions, which is modeled as a single degree of freedom (SDoF) electromechanical system. The proposed model accuracy is then verified using finite element modeling (FEM). The results show a highly nonlinear system with a “Duffing” frequency response that can be used to design an ultra-wide bandwidth energy harvesting system suitable for practical applications. Using this technique a design of 9.9mm3 energy harvester is proposed using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) that can generate up to 4μW from vibrations of 0.5g at 70Hz.