{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.019157088122605363, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0019157088122605363, 'mean_word_length': 5.371951219512195, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Determination of C-peptide in children: when is it useful?

Diabetes results from insulin deficiency but despite this endogenous insulin secretion is infrequently measured. C-peptide is not present in synthetic insulin so it's presence indicates endogenous secretion. One of the key roles for measuring C-peptide in childhood is to assist in the diagnosis of diabetes subtypes, which in turn determines appropriate management. It is also useful in Type 1 diabetes to monitor disease course, both in clinical practice and in trials following intervention with disease modifying agents. Measuring C-peptide routinely in Type 1 diabetes provides valuable information to the patient and clinician about glucose variability, risk of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. Newer more practical methods of C-peptide determination are now available to allow assessment of endogenous insulin secretion in routine clinical practice. We review the physiology of insulin secretion, the essential roles and methods for C-peptide determination in blood and in urine.