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Validation of SMOS soil moisture production in the Heihe River Basin of China

Soil moisture is a critical factor in cosmopolitan meteorological and hydrological processes. Microwave remote sensing brightness temperature is sensitive to soil moisture through the effects of moisture on the dielectric constant and hence emissivity of the soil [1]. It was found that the brightness temperature at L-band is useful for retrieving near-surface soil moisture [2-3]. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite, which carries an L-band passive microwave radiometer in the 1400-1427 MHz protected band, was successfully launched in November 2, 2009 and it has become a useful tool monitoring soil moisture [4-5]. However, it is very important to assess the performance of soil moisture product before using it and the validation is still a challenging task to validate these soil moisture retrievals due to the coarse spatial resolution of passive microwave remote sensing [6]. During the past few years, the SMOS soil moisture products have been evaluated over several areas of the world, e.g., Europe [7-8], North America [9] and Oceania [10]. But the evaluations were limited in the Tibet area in China [8,11]. More assessments need to be performed in other areas of China.