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Application of HEMA on intact mouse skin – effects on the immune system

Previously, we have shown that 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) can bind to protein and that autoantibodies were induced in mice by immunization with a self‐protein in vitro conjugated with HEMA. The present study aimed to develop a model for HEMA‐induced sensitivity by the application of the substance on intact skin. Female BALB/c mice were painted on the dorsum of each ear with 50% HEMA in vehicle twice a week for 6 weeks. The anti‐CD3ε‐stimulated lymph node production and the spontaneous spleen‐cell production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10 and interferon‐γ were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In another experiment, the cytokines were followed after subcutaneous HEMA injections. Animals painted with HEMA had a significantly higher IL‐6 production by anti‐CD3ε‐stimulated lymph node cells and significantly suppressed IL‐10 production by spleen cells compared to vehicle‐treated mice. This correlated to some extent with the spontaneous spleen‐cell production induced by subcutaneously administered HEMA. An injection of 20 µmol of HEMA induced an increased production of IL‐6, while injection of 40 µmol depressed both IL‐6 and IL‐10 production. Although there was no sign of inflammation on the ears, findings suggest that HEMA had penetrated the skin and induced a reaction in the immune system.