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Computer Storage and Retrieval System for Two-Dimensional Outlines

A new operational system designed at the Center for Human Growth and Development provides computer acquisition, storage, and retrieval of high-resolution images of cephalometiic tracings. The data structure is such that, on command, any defined distance, angle, area, or perimeter may be easily calculated by computer. Complete tracings, or portions, may be computer-displayed, superimposed, scaled, or moved for form analysis or comparison. Computer pattern recognition programs are not required and the system is generalized so that any two-dimensional outline may be so treated. Data are collected using a Grafacon tablett and stylus connected to a PDP-8 computer (Fig 1). The stylus records its x-y location relative to the tablet as the operator traces along an outline. A program developed jointly by this Center and the Con Comp§ project, for the PDP-8, selects points from the Grafacon tablet whenever the stylus has moved more than a small, fixed radial distance of 0.08 inch from the last point stored with a point accuracy of -4-0.01 inch. All points are initially stored either on paper tape or IBM 360/67 disk filesil using MTS# commands. A teletypewriters is used to provide identifying information at the beginning of each cephalogram tracing. Landmarks are "tagged" by pushing an interrupt switch (Fig 1). A typical cephalometric image consists of 700 stored points, 70 landmarks, 9 regions, and requires 5 minutes/tracing. The data are computer scanned for errors and corrected by Center-developed programs. A Calcomp*t plot of the data (Fig 2) that is optically superimposed with the original tracing, provides a final check of accuracy. The data structure is then transformed from a simple list to one keyed for subject number, age, bone regions, and landmarks, which makes