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Biological phenotypes of HIV‐1 subtypes A and B strains of diverse origins

The identification of specific biologic phenotypic traits that can be correlated with different HIV‐1 genetic subtypes was sought. The genetic subtypes were determined by either sequencing (Cameroonian strains, n = 18) or by the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) (Belgian strains, n = 21 and lvorian strains, n = 25). Seventeen (81%) of the 21 Belgian isolates belonged to subtype B and 4 (17%) were subtype A strains. Subtype A variants were predominant in the two African countries studied; 11 (61%) of 18 strains from Cameroon and 23 (92%) of 25 strains from the Ivory Coast. Of the 64 isolates, 38 (58%) and 19 (29%) belonged to subtypes A and B, respectively. No significant difference was observed for biological phenotypes (slow/low and rapid/high) of both genetic subtypes. In symptomatic individuals, however, a significantly higher number of subtype B isolates were of rapid/high phenotype, compared with subtype A (5 of 10; 50%) vs. 2 of 22; 9%), respectively; X2 = 6.7, P = 0.02). The findings suggest that overall HIV‐1 isolates belonging to genetic subtype B are not distinguishable from subtype A variants on the basis of their biological phenotypes. Syncytium‐inducing variants were less prevalent regardless of the geographic origin of the isolates. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.