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Effects of Individual Differences on Visual Search Task Performance

Working memory capacity (WMC) is generally referred to as a quantitative measure of the ability to maintain relevant information while performing unrelated tasks (Delaney & Sahakyan, 2007). Although studies have shown that WMC can vary by individual (Engle et al., 1992; Just, 1992), performance can be taxed by varying degrees of subjective workload depending on the task parameters. Most studies have shown task performance benefits for individuals with high working memory capacity, with some exceptions for individuals with low working memory capacity (Barrett, Tugade, & Engle, 2004; Kane et al, 2001; Beilock et al, 2005). Kane and colleagues (2006) tested the relationship of WMC and executive attention control and found no relationship with individual differences in WMC and performance on visual search tasks, namely on feature-absence, conjunction, and spatial configuration search tasks. However, other studies have found that loading working memory interferes with search (Peterson, Beck & Wong, 2008; Han & Kim, 2004; He & McCarley, 2010). To explore how WMC affects visual search performance, a study is proposed to test whether the use of a complex visual search task can demonstrate a relationship between WMC and visual search performance. It is hypothesized that a visual search task aimed at engaging the control of attention and limiting automatic forms of information processing will be performed better by high WMC individuals compared to low WMC individuals. The implications of this proposal would help in designing for cockpit operation, driving, or other operations that require effortful control where the contributions and limitations of an individual's working memory capacity should be considered.