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Mapping Effects for Orthogonally Oriented Stimulus and Response Sets

Displays and controls are often arrayed along orthogonal dimensions. However, relatively few studies have examined how performance varies across mappings of orthogonal arrays, and most of these studies have used two-choice tasks for which stimuli in up and down locations are mapped to left and right responses. In many such tasks, the mapping up-right/down-left is more compatible than the other mapping. Results suggest that the alternatives on the two dimensions are coded asymmetrically, and that external frames of reference are used to recode one dimension in a manner that is parallel to the other. Do people perform response selection for orthogonally oriented dimensions in the same manner when tasks have more than two alternatives? Two experiments examined whether mapping preferences occur in four-choice tasks with. orthogonal stimulus and response sets. One was a standard task, and the other used a precue to designate two of the locations as possible. The results showed no evidence of a preference for the upright/down-left mapping over the up-left/down-right mapping. This outcome suggests that translation between stimuli and responses may be performed differently when there are two choices as opposed to more than two choices. This conclusion is consistent with the fact that orienting the stimulus array orthogonal to the response array does not alter the precuing effects, adding only a constant to RT. With more than two choices, a single transformation may be performed to bring the stimulus and response arrays into alignment before proceeding with response selection.