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Political Leadership in the American Presidency

The leaders of democratic states are time-bound agents of political change. They probe for breaks in complex institutional settings. This paper distinguishes four temporalities of presidential leadership in the United States: term, succession, sequence, and thickening. Each tells time differently, and each in its own way authorizes and constrains the interventions of incumbents. For example, presidents tend to be more effective politically before the “midterm” elections, and they tend to be more effective in inaugurating a new political sequence than in the follow-through. The politics of presidential leadership are thoroughly caught up in these intercurrent effects. Formally, presidents all lay claim to the same office with the same powers. But their political authority changes profoundly from moment to moment according to its temporal context.