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Follow-up endoscopy in gastroenterology: when is it helpful?

BACKGROUND
The indications for follow-up endoscopy have not been established in all diseases that can be diagnosed by endoscopy.


METHODS
Selective review of the literature and a survey of national guidelines.


RESULTS
In confirmed erosive or non-erosive reflux disease, follow-up endoscopy is indicated only in the presence of complications or Barrett's esophagus. In the case of gastric ulcer or complicated duodenal ulcer, monitoring by endoscopy is mandatory. There is no consensus regarding the indication for follow-up biopsy in confirmed endemic sprue. In an acute episode of confirmed ulcerative colitis, endoscopy is indicated only if the treatment depends on the findings. In confirmed Crohn's disease, this procedure is indicated only in the presence of complications, if the findings are unclear, and before elective intestinal surgery. Those at risk of hereditary colorectal carcinoma without polyposis should undergo colonoscopy annually, starting 5 years before the youngest age of occurrence in their family or at the age of 25 years, whichever comes first.


CONCLUSIONS
With particular reference to further gastrointestinal diseases discussed in the main text, this review unfortunately shows that many of the indications for follow-up endoscopy remain to be ascertained. Controlled studies are needed to establish with sufficient certainty what really helps our patients.