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Phase and amplitude imaging from noisy images by Kalman filtering.

We propose and demonstrate a computational method for complex-field imaging from many noisy intensity images with varying defocus, using an extended complex Kalman filter. The technique offers dynamic smoothing of noisy measurements and is recursive rather than iterative, so is suitable for adaptive measurements. The Kalman filter provides near-optimal results in very low-light situations and may be adapted to propagation through turbulent, scattering, or nonlinear media.