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The coupling to doorway states and to compound states in hot nuclei

At the mean field level, the inhomogeneous damping mechanism is at work, reflecting the spatial anisotropy of the system. Indeed, we know that the energy centroid of the GDR is inversely proportional to the nuclear radius. In a spherical nucleus, the vibrations along any three perpendicular axis are equivalent (~ω ≈ 79/A MeV at T = 0), and the strength is equally distributed. In deformed nuclei (permanent deformation or deformation induced by temperature and/or angular momentum), the dipole strength splits. Each of the peak can undergo further splitting or eventually acquire a width, still in a pure mean field description of the nucleus, due to the following mechanisms: (1) decay into single-particle motion, that is in uncorrelated particle-hole excitations, a phenomenon known as Landau damping in solid state physics. The relative contribution to the total width Γ of the giant resonances will depend on the particular mode and nucleus. (2) Particle-decay: giant resonances lie above threshold for particle emission and may be damped through emission of nucleons. The corresponding width Γ↑ may not be negligible (Γ↑/Γ ≈ 10−1).