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Property of Supercurrent Flowing through Superconducting Single-Electron Transistors with Weak Charging Effect

The experimental characteristics of superconducting single-electron transistors consisting of Al/Alx Oy /Al tunnel junctions at ∼60 mK are presented. The single-electron charging energy E C of our devices is small in comparison with the superconducting gap energy of 170 µeV. It is revealed that the 2e gate-charge periodic supercurrent flows at a finite voltage. We also observe that the leakage of quasi particles into the island electrode occurs.