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Toxicity and repellency of Hoslundiaopposita Vahl (Lamiaceae) leaves' essential oil against rust-red flour beetle, Triboliumcastaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The insecticidal properties of Hoslundia opposita Vahl (Lamiaceae) leaves' essential oil (EO) against Tribolium castaneum were investigated using contact toxicity and repellency bioassays. Mortality progressed with exposure period and ranged from 61.13% observed at 24 h after treatment (HAT) to 88.86% at 168 HAT. The LT50 (lethal time for 50% of treated adults) of H. opposita EO against T. castaneum was 10.42 h. Application of EO at 20–30 μL/30 cm2 caused significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage repellency than what was observed in control, 10 and 15 μL/30 cm2 at 1 and 3 HAT, with significant repellency at 24 HAT regardless of dosage. Repellency class increased with EO dosage, with class V observed at 30 μL/30 cm2, regardless of exposure duration. The RD50 (repellency dose for 50% of treated adults) of 15.88 and 13.37 μL/30 cm2 for 1 and 2 HAT, respectively, was significantly higher than 0.09 μL/30 cm2 at 24 HAT.