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Active cathepsins B, H, K, L and S in human inflammatory bronchoalveolar lavage fluids

Background information. Chronic inflammation and tissue remodelling result from an imbalance between proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors in the lungs in favour of proteolysis. While many studies have examined serine proteases (e.g. cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase) and matrix metalloproteases, little is known about the role of papain‐like CPs (cysteine proteases). The present study focuses on the thiol‐dependent cathepsins (CPs) and their specific cystatin‐like inhibitors [CPIs (CP inhibitors)] in human inflammatory BALFs (BAL fluids, where BAL stands for broncho‐alveolar lavage).