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Microenvironment-Responsive Small-Molecule Probe for Pulmonary Fibrosis Detection.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal disease with increasing prevalence. Non-radioactive and non-invasive diagnosis of PF at an early stage can improve the prognosis but represents a daunting challenge. Up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO) is a typical micro-environmental feature of PF. Here we report a small-molecule probe, PNO1, that can fluorogenically sense this micro-environmental feature for PF diagnosis. We demonstrate that PNO1 fluorescence is 6-fold higher in PF-diseased mice lungs than in normal-control groups. In addition to this in vivo result, PNO1 can also be applied in vitro to detect PF-diseased cells and ex vivo to detect PF-diseased tissues from clinical patients. These results highlight PNO1 as a complement to the traditional immunostaining-based methods for PF detection to facilitate quick screening for anti-PF drug candidates.