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Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix‐Metalloproteinases in Plasma of Patients with Prostate Cancer and in Prostate Cancer Tissue

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) form a group of enzymes with the common ability to degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (collagen, elastin, gelatin). It could be shown that increased levels of MMPs are associated with the invasive and metastatic potential in several human malignant tumors—e.g., in breast, colon, lung cancer. 1 Low TIMP expression correlates with enhanced invasive properties of human tumors. MMPs are controlled by various mechanisms (enzyme synthesis, activation, TIMP). The balance between MMPs and TIMPs as both positive and negative modulators of the invasive and metastatic processes appears to be decisive. 2 MMPs and TIMPs in blood have been recommended as diagnostic markers. The objectives were to evaluate their potential usefulness in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and to prove the biological significance of MMPs and TIMPs in PCa both in blood and tissue.