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The Influence of the Characteristics of the Traffic Flow and the Structure of Vehicles on the Energy Consumption and Ecological Safety of Passenger Transportation : case of Vologda, Russia

The purpose of the study is to clarify the applied indicator of “dynamic vehicle dimensions” characterizing the size of a section of a city street occupied by a car during its movement. This indicator directly affects the value of the “dynamic passenger size”. In the case of relatively free traffic during between-peak times and when driving during rush hour, the indicators change quite a lot due to changes in average speed, deceleration during braking and the distance between cars. For the above cases, the specific values of energy consumption, travel time and financial costs for the movement of a conventional passenger by different modes of transport were calculated: a car, a bus on traditional fuel, a trolleybus, an electric bus, a bicycle and an electric scooter. The total contribution to environmental pollution with the current structure of the traffic flow has been determined and a forecast calculation has been made when it changes with an increase in the share of electric transport. The resulting refined mathematical model of energy consumption for the movement of one passenger, with refined variables, makes it possible to predict the effect of changing the structure of the traffic flow and its characteristics to assess promising approaches to reduce energy consumption in transport and improve the environmental situation.