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Prototheca miyajii sp. nov., isolated from a patient with systemic protothecosis.

Species of the genus Prototheca are achlorophyllous algae and ubiquitous in nature, and so far, six species have been listed in this genus: Prototheca wickerhamii, Prototheca zopfii, Prototheca blaschkeae, Prototheca cutis, Prototheca stagnora and Prototheca ulmea. A strain of the genus Prototheca, IFM 53848T, was isolated in Japan from a patient with systemic protothecosis and had been designated P. wickerhamii. Our previous study, by using PCR analysis, revealed that its SSU rRNA gene (rDNA) was distinctively larger than that of P. wickerhamii and other species of the genus Prototheca. In this study, molecular analysis showed that the exceptionally large SSU rDNA of IFM 53848T contains four group I introns. The morphology of IFM 53848T was indistinguishable from those of P. wickerhamii or P. cutis, and phylogenetic analyses, based on the sequences of the SSU rDNA exons and the D1/D2 region of the large subunit rDNA, indicated that IFM 53848T was closely related to P. cutis. On the other hand, unlike P. cutis, IFM 53848T failed to assimilate fructose or lysine and grew well at higher temperatures of up to 42 °C. In addition, the nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry profile of IFM 53848T were clearly distinct from those of P. cutis. The results strongly suggest that IFM 53848T represents a novel species, and so the seventh member of the genus Prototheca, which we have named Prototheca miyajii sp. nov. The unique characteristics of the strain may provide useful insights into the systematic taxonomy of the genus Prototheca.