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Moisture Accelerated Precursor Crystallization in Ambient Air for High-performance Perovskite Solar Cells toward Mass Production.

Phase-pure crystallized perovskite is considered as an excellent precursor for fabricating perovskite films with minimized defects and boosted stability. However, currently available protocols for synthesizing crystallized perovskite must be conducted in an inert atmosphere or with the presence of organic solvent as the reaction medium, which is adverse to mass production. Here, we report a fast synthesis of α-phase crystallized perovskite powder assisted with moisture in ambient air. The moisture can promote the reaction between PbI 2 and organic salts and facilitate a complete phase transition as demonstrated by a joint experimental and theoretical study. Perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 24.07% can be achieved by using the phase-pure crystallized perovskite powder as the precursor. Notably, the α-phase perovskite enables the precursor solution and the final device with enhanced stability toward long-term aging. This ambient-air-compatible method provides an effective avenue to produce high-quality precursor for photovoltaic application in a large-scale and reproducible manner.