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Mucinous cholangiocarcinoma: an unusual complication of hepatolithiasis and recurrent pyogenic cholangitis

Mucinous carcinoma is a distinct subtype of adenocarcinoma characterized by the production of abundant extracellular mucin, amounting to more than 50% of the tumour mass. It has been reported in various organs including the stomach, colorectum, breast and pancreas. The gross appearance is characteristic: it has a ‘colloid’ or ‘gelatinous’ cut surface. The practical significance of separating this morphological variant from classical adenocarcinoma lies in the difference in biological behaviour; mucinous carcinomas of the breast are associated with a better prognosis whereas those of the colorectum have a more sinister outcome. In this report, we describe an unusual case of mucinous cholangiocarcinoma occurring in a patient with hepatolithiasis and recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.