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Inference of both source and seabed characteristics from broadband signals on the New England continental slope

In this study the characteristics of the modal dispersion of acoustic waves in littoral ocean environments are utilized to infer both source properties (range, depth, speed, and source level) and geoacoustic properties of the seabed. An analysis is made of broadband acoustic data (10–4500 Hz) taken during 2021–2022 on the New England continental slope over water depths from 200 to 500 m. The acoustic data are generated by both moving broadband sources and explosive sources over range scales of 1–30 km. Such range scales can reveal the nature of the modal dispersion. Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) and Expendable Bathythermographs (XBTs) measurements provide a sparse sampling of the temporal and spatial variability of the ocean during the acoustic measurements. Along with bathymetry measurements the sound speed profiles derived from the CTDs and XBTs provide prior information for an inverse problem from which insight can be obtained on the effects of the seabed on the dispersion of broadband propagation.