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Maximum Possibility of Photovoltaic Penetration in Nepalese Low Voltage Distribution Network

Integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in low voltage distribution networks (LVDN) creates additional new challenges in terms of power quality and system operation. However, PV systems have technical benefits in addition to their environmental benefits that reduce the energy losses and improve the voltage profile of low voltage (LV) networks. This ultimately reduces the stress on transformer load tap changers, reduces peak load of the utility, and decreases the resistive power loss in high voltage transmission and medium voltage distribution. This paper focuses on the maximum possibility of PV penetration and its effects on the operating condition of Nepalese LVDN. The voltage profile of the feeder, line load, transformer reverse power flow, and line conductor current limit are considered as four main criteria for the investigation. All these criteria are analyzed for three different schemes of PV location: uniformly distributed PV among the customer, aggregation of PV at the start of the feeder, and the end of the feeder. Analysis shows that the penetration level in uniformly distributed PV scheme and end aggregated PV penetration scheme is limited by voltage criteria. However, both conductor current capacity and voltage criteria are dominant in the start aggregated PV penetration scheme.