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Enhanced expression of interferon‐inducible protein‐10 correlates with disease activity and clinical manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus

Our objective was to investigate the serum levels of interferon‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their correlation with disease activity and organ manifestations. Serum IP‐10 levels were assessed in 464 SLE patients and 50 healthy donors. Disease activity was assessed by the revised SLE Activity Measure, and the concomitant active organ manifestations, anti‐ds DNA antibody titres, complement levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates recorded. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) synthesis of IP‐10 in SLE patients and controls was determined by in vitro cultures stimulated with mitogen or lipopolysaccharide. Elevated serum IP‐10 levels were observed in SLE patients, which were significantly higher in the presence of active haematological and mucocutaneous manifestations. SLE PBMCs exhibited enhanced spontaneous IP‐10 production in vitro. Serial IP‐10 levels correlated with longitudinal change in SLE activity, even at low levels where anti‐dsDNA antibody and complement levels remain unchanged. These data demonstrate that IP‐10 levels are increased in SLE and serum IP‐10 may represent a more sensitive marker for monitoring disease activity than standard serological tests.