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Numerical Analysis of Influences From Internal Waves on Electromagnetic Scattering From Sea Surface

A reliable approach based on a two-scale facet-based model and a wave-number spectrum balance equation is presented to analyze the influences from internal waves on electromagnetic scattering from a particular electrically large sea surface. It could be applied to synthetic aperture radar imagery simulation and calculating the scattering coefficients of sea surface with foam, oil film, and ship wake because local scattering coefficients are available. The facet-based model is derived from the Fucks’ first-order small perturbation method function, and then, we give the formula of scattering from arbitrary slope facet taking the two-scale model into consideration. The propagation model of internal waves is established by the Korteweg–de Vries equation, and the mechanism of modulation from internal waves to sea surface spectrum is elucidated on the basis of wave-number spectrum balance equation. Moreover, several examples and theoretical analysis are carried out to investigate the impact of internal waves on scattering characteristics under different parameters. Advisable radar parameters to observe internal waves are suggested based on the results of simulations.