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Abdominal Compartment Syndrome with Massive Lower-Extremity Edema Caused by Colonic Obstruction and Distention

Abdominal compartment syndrome is a well-described condition in which increased intraabdominal pressure causes various physiologic derangements with adverse effects on cardiac, pulmonary, and renal function. A patient presented with radiation-induced distal colonic obstruction, abdominal distention, and severe bilateral leg edema. We performed a diverting transverse loop colostomy as treatment for her obstruction. This resulted in massive, spontaneous diuresis with complete resolution of her lower-limb edema. Abdominal compartment syndrome due to colonic obstruction can contribute to the development of lower-extremity edema. Colon decompression with reduction of intra-abdominal pressure can lead to resolution of edema in this situation.