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Study of State-of-the-Art Optimized Routing Methods in WSNs for Various Applications

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to gather data and detect events in a real-time setting. WSN deployment in remote, inaccessible, and hostile regions has sparked tremendous attention; nonetheless, such deployment poses numerous problems. WSNs have several advantages, but one major disadvantage is that the sensor node's lifetime is determined by the battery life. The regularity of sensed data and the temperature are two important factors that influence battery life. To prolong the longevity of sensor nodes, some energy-efficient routing methods have been devised and deployed. These protocols are designed to optimize network paths. In this paper, a brief review of various existing meta-heuristic and non-metaheuristic routing methods, aiming to enhance network longevity, is presented. Particularly, the cluster-based optimized routing methods are being focused on as they are found to be more energy-efficient than the other genres. The selection of Cluster-Head (CH) for enhancing network efficiency has been a matter of research for a long. This review paper analyzes the existing methods pertaining to the design of an enhanced version of the optimized routing method.