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Smoking and Supplement Use Among Men in a Rural Population

Background: Few studies have investigated supplement use in relation to smoking among men in a rural population. Methods: We analyzed responses about the use of supplements from a cross-sectional, population-based sample of 4,502 North Dakota men. Results: 48% of respondents reported supplement use. After adjustment for confounders, supplement users were significantly more likely to be nonsmokers or former smokers than smokers (p < .0001) and to consume five or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables (p = .0003). Conclusion: Compared to nonsmoking rural men, supplement use is significantly less common among rural smokers. Rural smokers also are less likely to consume five or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables and may be at greater risk of vitamin deficiency.