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Human fetal trophonema matrix and uterine endometrium support better human embryonic stem cell growth and neural differentiation than mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

The concerns over xenogeneic pathogens and immunogenic molecules derived from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) trigger the development of human-derived feeder layers for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) maintenance. It is essential to evaluate the capability of these human feeder layers to retain the stemness and pluripotency of hESCs. In the present study, two Chinese hESC lines, SDU-hESCm-1 and SDU-hESCm-2, were continuously cultured on human adult uterine endometrial cells (hUEC), human fetal trophonema matrix cells (hFTMC), and MEFs for at least two month (up to 10 passages). A side-by-side comparison of the abilities to support: (1) self-renewal of the hESCs, (2) expression of undifferentiated markers, and (3) neural differentiation, was made between the human and mouse feeder layers. We demonstrated that the hESCs maintained on hUEC and hFTMC exhibited significantly higher growth rates and generated higher levels of DNA content than those on MEFs. Under neural differentiation-promoting conditions, greater neural differentiation was found in the hESCs maintained on human than on mouse feeder layers. These results suggest that human feeder layers derived from hUECs and hFTMCs are more efficient in supporting a long-term growth and neural differentiation of hESCs than MEFs.