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Action in Development

Infant motor skill acquisition is so rapid and dramatic that a century of researchers—and eons of parents—have marveled at the scope of developmental change. At birth, infants are essentially prisoners of gravity, unable to lift their head from their caregivers’ chest. But by two years of age, infants can “pluck a pellet with fine pincer prehension” (Gesell, 1929, p. 132) and race on two feet across the living room floor. This remarkable transformation in action characterizes the development of basic motor skills —posture for supporting the body against gravitational and inertial forces, manual skills for interacting with objects and surfaces, and locomotion for moving the body through the environment (Adolph & Berger, 2015).