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3D Virtual Draping with Fabric Mechanics and Body Scan Data

3D virtual representation of garments holds great potential for design, product development and marketing efforts in the business to business environment, and for mass customization efforts geared toward the ultimate consumer. But, it can not be used effectively until virtual images accurately represent reality. Fit of a garment is tremendously influenced by the fabric mechanics. The objective of this research is to develop methods for accurate virtual 3D draping of apparel on a digitized 3D model of the human body considering variations in fabric mechanical properties. We have conducted basic research examining the draping behavior of circular samples of a variety of fabrics and utilized the data in developing a relationship between measured fabric mechanical properties and input parameters for a particle model simulation. Utilizing the established relationship, garment simulations have been created. Metrics for assessing the success of garment simulations were established, and improvement opportunities for the simulation process have been identified. Additional work with garments allowed derivation of measures to quantify garment drape. Project Background: The apparel industry is characterized by complex supply networks, and by businesses with divisions spread around the globe. As individual apparel firms and supply networks become more geographically dispersed, communication among business divisions and between business partners is an increasing challenge. Electronic communication of 3D virtual simulated garments would allow distances to be bridged easily as virtual samples could be sent between locations almost instantaneously. Working with a virtual representation would enhance speed, reduce costs and facilitate a more flexible design process. However, virtual modeling of garments cannot provide the basis for visual evaluation and design decisions unless virtual images accurately simulate real garments. The appearance and drape of a garment vary with the properties of the NTC Project: F02-NS08 (formerly F02-S08) 2 National Textile Center Annual Report: November 2005 fabric, and a single design may look very different when constructed in different fabrics. Virtual simulation of garments is an important component of an effective system for utilizing CAD in garment development (Gong, Hinds and McCartney, 2001). Finding methods for accurately modeling fabric properties is key to development of virtual 3D garment design capability (Hardaker and Fozzard, 1998). Figure 1: Research Approach Our research approach is outlined in Figure 1. In the final year of the project, we have built successfully on the work of previous years. Specific accomplishments related to the goals of Year 3 are described in the following paragraphs, then detailed in later sections of the paper. 1. Construct garments from selected fabrics and use the scanning method developed in the first two years to create 3D surfaced virtual models of the actual garments. Eleven white or off white apparel fabrics were used to construct two garments for this research. The limitation to very light fabrics facilitated scanning, a challenging process in that we applied the white light scanning technology to a purpose beyond its intended design. 2. Simulate actual garments using data from the fabric properties library. During the first two years of the project, fundamental research was conducted on cloth modeling in a virtual environment using mechanical properties determined for a diverse range of fabrics using both FAST and Kawabata systems. This allowed curves representing the Mechanical Properties FABRIC SELECTION