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Methods of controlling melting and transfer of electrode metal (review)

Over a number of decades, gas-shielded welding has been occupying one of the leading positions in the manufacture of welded structures. Many investigators have been working to increase the quality of welded joints, paying special attention to the problems of electrode metal transfer, welding arc stability, formation of the welded joint with the required characteristics, etc. A large amount of experience has been accumulated in solving these problems – . In this article, the methods of controlling melting and transfer of electrode metal are analysed from the viewpoint of the controlling effect on the processes taking place in the welding arc. The controlling effect is determined by the redistribution of the complex of forces acting on the electrode metal droplets and, depending on the method of application of these forces, there are continuous, pulsed and combined methods of controlling melting and transfer of electrode metal (Figure 1).