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An improved protocol for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of Clostridium difficile.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the 'gold standard' technique for bacterial typing and has proved to be discriminatory and reproducible for typing Clostridium difficile. Nevertheless, a high proportion of strains are non-typable by this technique due to the degradation of the DNA during the process. The introduction of several modifications in the PFGE standard procedure increased typability from 40% (90 isolates) to 100% (220 isolates) while maintaining the high degree of discrimination and reproducibility of the technique.