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NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTIS A HERBAL PANACEA

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. (NAT) is well known Indian medicinal plant. The plant is used in Ayurveda for various pharmacological actions such as antiarthritic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antiarthritic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihelmintic, antileishmanial, antiviral, CNS depressant. The present review discusses pharmacology of the herb, its pre-clinical and clinical studies, safety and herbal drug interaction which is a need of the hour. INTRODUCTION: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn.(NAT) is a small divine ornamental tree used to pray the God according to Indian mythology known across the country for its fragrant white flowers 1, . NAT is commonly known as night flowering Jasmine 3, 4 or Parijata . It is indigenous to India, disseminated wild in northern part of India and southwards to Godavari. It is also disseminated in Bangladesh, Indo-Pak subcontinent and South-East Asia , tropical and subtropical South East Asia . It grows in Indo-Malayan region and disseminated across Terai tracts as well as Burma and Ceylon . Wherever the elevation is above 1500 feet from sea level as a shrub but at 3000 feet it is a well formed tree called cow by the natives. The wood is chiefly used for handles of axes koolharees for turning purposes and as firewood. It constitutes a little of the jungle on the highest part of the low ranges of hills forming the main part of that on the salt range . Description of plant: NAT is a large shrub with flaky grey bark 10 and height up to 10 m tall , stiff whitish hair, young branches 11 and rough leaves . It has fragrant flowers with five to eight lobes which are white in colour, and corolla is orange coloured centrically they are produced in clusters of two to seven together, with individual flowers opening at dusk and finishing at dawn . Calyx is 6-8 mm long, narrowly campanulate, hairy outside, glabrous inside truncate or obscurely toothed or lobed, ciliated. Corolla is glabrous and more than 13 mm long; tube is 6-8 mm long, orange coloured, about equalling the limbs; lobes are white and unequally obcordate and cuneate . The leaves are opposite, simple, 6–12 cm long and 2–6.5 cm broad, with an entire margin. The fruit is a flat brown heart-shaped to round capsule 2 cm diameter, with two sections each containing a single seed . These are long and broad, obcordate or nearly orbicular, compressed, 2-celled.