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Reducing location error in Wireless Sensor Networks

Localization is the basic problem in the wireless sensor networks. All the result data get wasted if the node is placed in the wrong position. Range based and Range free algorithms are used for locating the node in the wireless sensor network. But in the existing system they will use any one of the algorithm. The method CDL- combined and Differentiated Localization approach inherits the properties of both Range based and Range free algorithm. CDL provides the location accuracy efficiently but still it has location error in large scale networks. To overcome this problem the novel, geographic routing method named Conditioned Mean Square Error Ratio (CMSER) routing, intended to route packets when the localization error is occurred. Keywords: Geographic routing algorithm, Localization, ranging quality, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), wireless sensor network (WSN). I. Introduction A fundamental problem in sensor network is localization identifying the location of nodes. Location information is used to identify the nodes and to route the packets with minimum distance to accurate location. All the sensing data will get waste when the node is placed in the wrong position. The Global Positioning System (GPS) consists many localization approach but they get fails in indoors and under the ground and in forest. Manual configuration is not feasible for large scale networks or networks where the nodes are moving. Providing hardware in all localization is very cost expensive. To locate the node in the wireless sensor network currently two approaches are used for localization. They are Range free and range based approach using RSSI. In practical situation both the algorithm does not able to address the issue of the localization because of dynamic environments. Range-free algorithm takes only network connectivity information and for calculating the distance it use the number of hops between the nodes. The other methods used to calculate the distance between nodes by either using the Time-Of-Arrival (TOA), Time-Differential-Of-Arrival (TDOA), Angle-Of-Arrival (AOA), or Received-Signal-Strength-Indicator (RSSI) technologies. Range based algorithm makes no assumption about the connectivity or availability of the node information in the WSN. Because Range based algorithm have hardware limitations in WSN devices, but the result in range-free localization are being pursued as a cost-effective compared with range-based approaches. To solve the limitations in Range based and Range free algorithm we propose the solution CDL, Combined and Differentiated Localization approach. CDL inherits the advantages of range based and range free algorithm. Initially it calculates distance by using the DV-hop localization algorithm, and then it improving the ranging quality and location accuracy process by double filtration and calibration process. It used to reduce the location error by giving the location accuracy.