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Surface Display of AcMNPV Occlusion-Derived P74 Does Not Enhance Oral Infectivity of Budded Viruses

Baculovirus occlusion-derived viruses (ODVs) and budded viruses (BVs) are morphologically and functionally distinct. ODVs are responsible for primary infection in insect hosts because of their high per os infectivity. On the contrary, BVs poorly infect endothelial gut cells, but propagate the infection in the tissues of insects with a high efficiency. P74 is one of the most important proteins from ODVs, and it participates in the attachment of this viral phenotype to endothelial cells in the midgut. We evaluated the possibility of pseudotyping BVs of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus with two versions of P74 and its effect on their oral infectivity. Both recombinant BVs contained P74 and replicated similarly to wild-type viruses. Nevertheless, the presence of P74 on the BV’s surface does not enhance the oral infectivity of this phenotype, suggesting that the presence of P74 in the membrane of budded virions interferes with their mechanism of infecting midgut cells.