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A Novel Cranioplasty Technique Incorporating Cancellous Femoral Bone and Recombinant Bone Morphogenic Protein 2

Abstract Large calvarial defects in the setting of chronic infection and limited autologous donor sites present challenging problems for the reconstructive surgeon. We report on a novel osteogenic implant as a potential calvarial reconstruction solution. Two patients with an extensive history of severe traumatic brain injury and multiple cranial operations desired delayed calvarial reconstruction subsequent to removal of infected acrylic and titanium implants. These patients underwent harvesting of cancellous femoral bone and bone marrow, which was placed between 2 layers of recombinant bone morphogenic protein 2 impregnated in acellular collagen sponges and an outer layer of sturdily pliable Vicryl mesh to create a moldable osteogenic implant construct. The construct was molded into the shape of the defect and secured with sutures to the skull surrounding the defect. The osteogenic implant showed evidence of bone formation and maintained coverage over the original calvarial defect at 26 months postoperatively as well as subjective satisfaction by both patients and the senior surgeon. This technically straightforward technique with acceptable functional and aesthetic outcomes may be useful to reconstructing selected calvarial defects.