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Review of Fluoride Release and Secondary Caries Reduction by Fluoridating Composites

Secondary caries is one of the main reasons to replace restorations. Due to the pressure to eliminate or reduce the number of amalgam restorations in many countries, fluoride-releasing composites have gained in importance. This review limits itself to information relevant to secondary caries near fluoride-releasing anterior or posterior composites. Although many parameters are very important in composite functioning, a weak spot near a filling is always the interface and the locally present interfacial gap between the composite and the hard tissues, where secondary caries takes place due to plaque action. Relevant parameters such as the amount of fluoride released in vitro in μg.cm-2, the rate of fluoride release, and the period of fluoride release are compared for several composites. In vitro F release has been measured for some fluoridating composites for more than five years. Unfortunately, F release in vivo or in situ cannot be measured adequately. The fluoride released by the composites considered is partly taken up by the surrounding tissues, partly released to the saliva, and partly efficacious in possible marginal gaps and defects. A major part of this paper pertains to in vitro, in situ, and in vivo secondary caries reduction experiments. In vitro caries reductions in the order of 40% from F-releasing composites vs. controls have been found. In in situ model investigations under plaque and saliva conditions, secondary caries reduction percentages of between 40 and 50% have been experimentally measured in gaps in enamel near F composites.