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Criminalization and Quasi-criminalization of Terrorism

This chapter examines the criminalization and quasi-criminalization of terrorism, focusing on emerging trends and tensions with human rights law in the UK. In particular, it considers two recently emerging trends in counterterrorism against the backdrop of the terrorist attacks in Europe in 2015–2017: the reliance on very broad “precursor” terrorism offenses—the creeping criminalization of terrorism—and the accompanying reliance post-9/11 on quasi-criminal non-trial-based preventive measures such as control orders and Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures (TPIMs) under the Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Act 2011 (TPIMA). These trends are explored in relation to the current counterterrorism and national security context and to resultant tensions with the rights enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights and scheduled in the Human Rights Act 1998 and common law principles.