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International Seminar on Ecosystems Modelling, held in New Delhi, India, during 18–22 January 1988

This event was organized by the Trust for Urban Ecology (formerly the Trust for Ecology Parks), of which the President is Max Nicholson, who had been the first DirectorGeneral of the Nature Conservancy of Great Britain, one of the founders of WWF, convener of the Conservation Section of IBP, and is now President of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. The Symposium was composed of four sessions. Session 1: The Wider Ecological Context, included (1) Purpose of the workshop, (2) Urban ecology in the broader context of ecological science, (3) Contributions of urban ecological studies to the understanding of ecosystems, and (4) Urban ecology of Europe. Session 2: Urban Ecological Studies and Applications, included (1) Aquatic systems in urban areas, (2) Studies of urban foxes in British cities, (3) Ecological principles of urban land management, and (4) General discussions of the current state of knowledge. Session 3: Social Factors, included (1) Human factors in designing urban greenspace, (2) Personal benefits from Nature in urban environments, (3) Environmental values and social and cultural perspectives, and (4) Ways in which people use managed and unmanaged urban open spaces. Session 4: Applications to Nature Conservation, included (1) Ecopolis: a Soviet experiment in promoting public awareness of Nature in cities, (2) Community action in greening cities, (3) Recent advances in urban wildlife research and management in the United States, (4) Planning for urban Nature conservation in the United Kingdom, and (5) Summary, conclusions, and future action. This London Seminar was a small, closed workshop of about 30 participants indulging in detailed discussions; it proved very fruitful for the development of urban ecology. Following it, on 26 September 1987, an International Symposium on 'Nature in Cities', open to the public, was held in the Department of Geography, University College, Gower Street, London, and on the next day we had an interesting 'field tour' comprising visits to inner London Nature centres and ecology parks.