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Defeating EFP Threats by Metallic Plates—A Parametric Study Through Numerical Simulations

One of the most lethal threats to armored vehicle is the explosively formed projectile (EFP), which is launched by a relatively simple explosive device. These compact metallic projectiles can reach velocities in excess of 2 km/s and have a high penetration capability, which can results in significant damage to the interior of the vehicle. The common armor against this threat is comprised of several plates which serve to deform and decelerate it, so that it will not penetrate the vehicle's wall. In the present study we used numerical simulations in order to follow the interaction between a short copper projectile with a relatively thin metallic plate, as a function of the mechanical and physical properties of the plate material. We focused on the projectile's deformation and its deceleration, as they affect its ability to penetrate a distant witness block. The properties of the plate material which we varied systematically in the simulations, include its compressive strength and failure, as well as its density. We also examined the influence of a moving plate's relative velocity on the projectile's residual penetration.