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Freedom as Participation

Although a century and a half separate their major works, G.W.F. Hegel and Hannah Arendt share many approaches to politics. 1 Each is socially pluralistic, and each advocates the existence of numerous and varied social groups. Each is also pluralistic in seeing that the fully developed human life is the result of the individual’s pursuing many different types of activities, like work, public action, and discussion; each disagrees with theorists and societies that set up a single category or ideal-whether labor, self-interest, acquisitiveness, or consumption-for human behavior. Each looks to the potential of political activities to seek the common good, rather than conceding that &dquo;politics&dquo; is and must be only the struggle of selfish interests. Starting from these similarities, Hegel and Arendt also have similar views about revolution in the modern