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Towards Power Autonomous Wireless Sensors

This paper presents an introduction and overview of wireless sensors in IoT applications. A typical sensor architecture is described from sensor to the cloud. Four distinct methods of achieving power autonomy are developed. These are battery powered short lifetime devices, energy harvester powered devices for indefinite operation, inductively coupled wireless powered devices for short distances and devices based on passive radio back scattering. Four concrete technical examples of whole system solutions, each exploiting one of the mentioned powering strategies are presented.