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In the Dugout

It is the responsibility of the manager to prepare and command this large body of players, and chapter 4 analyzes the fraught and often untenable position of Hanshin managers and the coaching staffs they bring in to assist them. Almost all of them had been star players, and almost all had played for Hanshin. It is the most inbred organization in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Despite this—or, more probably, because of this—there have been twenty-five managerial changes in sixty-seven years of two-league play, stark evidence of the short leash and brief tenure of most men in that job. The chapter focuses on the four managers whose tenures and careers I tracked during my fieldwork years to analyze the contradictions of this position and to explore its ramifications for the larger question of what Max Gluckman, in a different context, identified as the allocation of responsibility. Who gets credit for success and who is blamed for failure in team sports is a chronic dilemma but an essential demand. It is a core point of convergence for the diverse assessments of players, managers, management, media, and fans.