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Gender differences in brain morphology : Voxel Based Morphometry in 102 healthy young women and men

Introduction Sexual dimorphism in brain size and differences in cognitive functions are known for years but several questions regarding regional specific brain morphology and functional relevance remain unclear. Recently, Nopoulos et al. [1] showed sex differences in the size of the cerebrum and proportionately more gray matter within the right parietal lobes in women. Gur et al. [2] demonstrated a higher percentage of GM in women, and a higher percentage of WM and of CSF in men. Differences in the performance of cognitive tasks are well known, e.g. visuo-spatial tasks are better performed by men, and language tasks better by women [3]. In a previous study we observed gender differences in visual cortical BOLD responses upon primary sensory stimulation [4]. Since women have more grey matter in right parietal areas, supposed to be relevant for visuo-spatial tasks, we evaluated wether other functional differences might also be reflected by morphometric gender differences. Here, we present voxel based morphometry (VBM) with SPM99 [5] in a large sample, which allows for hypotheses-free, rater-independent statistical comparisons on a voxel-by-voxel basis.