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Evolution and Challenges of Higher Education in Madagascar

This paper aims to contribute to the reflections on the expansion and the role of higher education in Africa. We analysed the evolution of the total number of students in Madagascar since the 1960s, period during which the education institutions obtained university status. Statistics show an important increase of students enrolled in public higher education institutions. Political, demographic, social and economic factors explain this massification. This study examines the effects of this increase of the number of students in the country. It has negative effects on the quality of education. Public universities play a major role in the professional integration of young people. It contributes to the training of human resources that national economy needs. Universities are a development tool through the improvement in the overall education and qualification level of the population.