{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03150057273768614, 'fraction_numerical': 0.006872852233676976, 'mean_word_length': 4.882154882154882, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Comparison of afferent and efferent lung lymph in the sheep.

Efferent lymph collected from the caudal mediastinal lymph node (CMN) in the sheep lung lymph fistula model has been reported to represent free pulmonary interstitial fluid. Studies that utilize this model assume that nodal transit does not alter the composition of lymph. We collected afferent lymph from the tracheobronchial node (TBN) while simultaneously collecting CMN efferent lymph in acutely prepared sheep. We compared afferent and efferent lymph protein concentrations (CA and CE) and changes in flow rates (QLA and QLE) during base line and periods of elevated left atrial pressure (Pla). As a result of elevated Pla, QLA and QLE increased and the afferent lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio (CA/Cp) and the efferent lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio (CE/Cp) fell. The CA/Cp was significantly lower than the CE/Cp during base line (0.67 vs. 0.80) and periods of elevated Pla (0.41 vs. 0.61). Although we cannot exclude regional permeability differences, the difference between CA/Cp and CE/Cp is most likely due to the concentration of lymph within the CMN. Our data suggest nodal modification of CA is correlated with the afferent lymph-to-plasma colloid osmotic pressure ratio (pi A/pi p) and further suggest that nodal alteration of lymph during elevated Pla is due to the influence of decreased pi A/pi p at the blood-to-lymph barrier. We conclude that afferent lymph is a more accurate representation of lung free interstitial fluid because collection of pulmonary afferent lymph obviates the complications introduced by the CMN. Studies utilizing efferent lymph may have overestimated lung microvascular permeability in the acute sheep preparation.