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First Clinical Evaluation of a New Long-Term Subconjunctival Glucose Sensor

Background: To evaluate the feasibility of an implantable subconjunctival glucose monitoring system (SGMS) for glucose monitoring in humans, we investigated the in vivo performance of the sensor in a clinical trial with five patients. Methods: The new SGMS consists of an implantable ocular mini implant (OMI) and a hand-held fluorescence photometer. The implantable subconjunctival glucose sensor is composed of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer system based on Concanavalin A chemistry, embedded in a nelfilcon polymer hydrogel disk. Blood glucose changes in humans were induced by oral glucose intake and insulin injections. Results: The in vivo response of the new SGMS was tested in a first human clinical study with five diabetes patients. The OMI was well tolerated in the eyes of the patients. The SGMS exhibited high correlation coefficients (>0.88) with blood glucose changes and a good stability of the sensor response to glucose for the study period of 2 weeks. Lag times were in the range of 5–10 min. A total of 98% of all data pairs was in the clinical acceptable ranges A and B of the consensus error grid. Conclusions: For the first time, the possibility to measure glucose in vivo in the subconjunctival interstitial fluid for a period of 2 weeks was demonstrated in a human clinical trial.