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Diabetogenic effects of streptozotocin on endocrine pancreatic islets, adrenal and carbohydrate profiles in turtles, Lissemys punctata punctata (Bonnoterre) (Reptilia: Chelonia)

Abstract Diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin was not adequately studied in chelonians. This topic was investigated in the current article. Objective of the current study was to investigate the role of streptozotocin on B- and non B-cells of the endocrine pancreas, adrenal and carbohydrate profiles in soft-shelled turtles. A single intramuscular injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body wt once, after 7 days caused increase of necrotic B-cell population followed by ultrastructural degeneration. Insulin immunoreactivity of B-cells (insulin-IR B cells) was reduced with a fall in serum insulin level. It also caused necrosis of A-, D- and PP-cells with decrease of their cell size and nuclear size, and ultrastructural degenerations. Glucagon-immunoreactivity of A-cells (glucagon-IR-A-cell) was not altered. Adrenal corticosterone and norepinephrine levels were increased with decrease of epinephrine level. Serum glucose level was elevated with a fall in liver glycogen level. But muscle glycogen level was elevated with a fall in blood lactate level. These changes were no longer observed after 14 days of single dose of SZ treatment. Insulin level was elevated with a fall in corticosterone and epinephrine levels. Serum glucose, liver and muscle glycogen, and blood lactate levels were reversely altered in 14 days of SZ treatment to those of 7 days of treatment. The findings suggest that streptozotocin (SZ) initially causes diabetes with disturbance in adrenal hormone production and carbohydrate metabolism after 7 days treatment and that, the diabetogenic effects are subsided subsequently after 14 days of SZ treatment in turtles.