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The Significance of HBsAg, HBeAg and ANTI-HBc IgM IN Maternal-Infant Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

In order to clarify the significance of the simultaneous Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in femoral blood of babies born to HBeAg positive mothers at birth, we used radioimmunoassay or enzyme-immunoassay to detect the HBsAg, HBeAg, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and IgM class anti-NBc of maternal-infant paired sera sampled at birth. Free and IgG-bound form HBeAg were separated in maternal-infant paired sera both positive for HBeAg. We also analyzed the hepatitis B DNA polymerase of the cord sera at birth. We found that the titers of HBsAg in infants cord sera were much lower than those in the corresponding maternal sera (p＜0.05). The titers of HBeAg in infants' cord sera were also lower than than their mothers' sera (p＜0.05). The titers of free form and IgG -bound form HBeAg were quite different in infants and their mothers. Most HBeAg in infants were IgG-bound. Absence of IgM class anti-HBc in both mothers and infants was observed in 20 pairs of maternal-infant sera. DNA polymerase were found to be Positive in 6 of 9 cord sera, but were in low activity. None of the infants had elevation of serum transaminase activities at birth. These results indicate that HBsAg, HBeAg and even the virus particles themselves might pass through the placenta during the perinatal period, but they only infected the babies and have not yet infested them. Thus, if given at this stage, the Prevention of perinatal HBV infection by hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine will be successful.