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An Empirical Approach for Error Minimization in High Voltage Impulse Wave-tail Time Estimation

High Voltage Impulse wave models are frequently employed to study the effects of lightning and switching surges in electrical power systems. The mathematical parameters used to characterize such impulse wave functions are the wave-front time, wave-tail time and the maximum amplitude of the wave shape. However, it is practically challenging to determine the starting point and maximum point of an impulse wave, and hence certain assumptions are considered in the typical procedure for estimating the parameter values. In consequence, the time and amplitude values derived using these simplifications ultimately result in significant error as compared to the actual values. In this paper, an empirical method has been developed for drastically reducing the approximation error when modeling high amplitude impulse wave functions. The proposed empirical formula has been applied for modeling several wave shapes with different combinations of wave parameters. According to the simulation results, it has been found that the proposed formula achieves a percentage error reduction of up to 9.76%. Finally, a detailed analysis has been made regarding the results achieved using the proposed technique as compared to the standard technique.