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A Methodology to Design Linear Generators for Energy Conversion of Ambient Vibrations

An air-core tubular linear generator is designed, using an analysis of the transient vibrations of a bridge created by traffic; the energy is used to supply a wireless sensor for the bridge. The relationship is described between the moving mass, the spring and the damping for harvesting sufficient vibration energy. The voltage and power of the linear generator with sinusoidal speed are attained with a transient electromagnetic field analysis. Finally, the ambient experimental results of the linear generator are obtained and analyzed when excited by bridge vibrations.