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Tokyo's Other Games: The Origins and Impact of the 1964 Paralympics

In November 1964, Japan became only the third country to host what quickly became known as the Paralympic Games. Tracing the origins of the Tokyo Paralympics, this article explores why Japan, a country largely overlooked in histories of disability sports and disability rights, opted to host these games. Examinations of the planning and preparations for the Paralympics reveals a complex picture involving intersecting personal, local, national, and transnational factors and actors, all of which culminated in intense pressure to hold the Games in Tokyo immediately following the Olympics. In the end, the 1964 Paralympics were widely hailed as a success and generally credited with raising disability awareness in Japan. Nevertheless, analyses of these Games and especially the ways in which they were presented suggest that organisers and promoters relied upon medicalised representations of disability that invoked transnational discourses without necessarily advocating broader changes in views of or approaches to disability in Japanese society. The Tokyo Paralympics also proved to be a critical forum for those looking to assess Japan's standing in the post-World War II global community.