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Determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s25(OH)D) concentration should be used to assess vitamin D status as it reflects combined dietary supply and dermal production. Low vitamin D status in Irish adults is common. Knowledge of the key determinants of s25(OH)D within a population can inform the development of strategies for improving vitamin D status. The objective of this study was to investigate determinants of s25(OH)D concentrations in 1132 adults aged 18 + yrs (men n 569; women n 563) who participated in the National Adult Nutrition Survey in Ireland (www.iuna.net). Data from the survey on dietary intakes, anthropometric data, socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics were used together with data on fasting s25(OH)D measured by ELISA. Mean, median and the minimum to maximum range of s25(OH)D within the cohort was 60.0, 57.2, and 19.4–202.5 nmol/L, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis model showed that 31.7% of the variability in s25(OH)D concentrations was explained by the variables selected (see Table). The following variables were significant within the model: season of blood sampling, sun exposure habits, frequency of sunscreen use, use of vitamin D-containing supplements, vitamin D intake (food sources only), smoking status, waist circumference and age.