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Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma producing hCG

An 80‐year‐old woman with a pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) producing hCG was admitted to Nippon Steel Hirohata Hospital because of an abnormal shadow on CT seen during a follow‐up examination after surgery for breast cancer. A right upper lobectomy was performed due to rapid growth of the shadow 3 months later. Macroscopically the tumor was a 4.8 × 4.0 cm well‐circumscribed grayish‐white mass. On histology the tumor consisted mostly of intermingled spindle and polygonal cells, while evidence of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was seen in a few areas. A diagnosis of PC was made due to hCG expression in approximately 20% of the spindle and polygonal cells on immunohistology. Six months after the operation metastasis to the liver and adrenal gland was seen on CT. The patient died due to metastases 1 year after the operation, even though the patient had been at stage 1B at the time of the operation and appropriate chemotherapy had been given. PC patients with immunohistochemical hCG expression have elevated risk of local recurrence and metastasis.