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Long-term outcome of patients with interstitial cystitis treated with low dose cyclosporine A.

PURPOSE
We evaluated patients with interstitial cystitis who had been on cyclosporine A treatment for at least a year. Symptom improvement on micturition charts and subjective expression of bladder pain were recorded. Side effects and safety of medication were evaluated.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 23 patients (20 females and 3 males) fulfilling National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria of interstitial cystitis were included in this study. Age of patients at followup was 65.7 +/- 7.6 years (mean +/- SD). Mean followup was 60.8 +/- 35.7 months. Before starting cyclosporine A treatment multiple first line therapies had been tried without clinical help.


RESULTS
The number of voidings in 24 hours was 20.8 +/- 6.3 before treatment. After a year of cyclosporine A treatment it was decreased to 10.2 +/- 3.8 (p < 0.001). Maximal bladder capacity increased from 161.8 +/- 74.6 to 360.7 +/- 99.3 ml in a year (p < 0.001). Mean voided volume increased from 101.4 +/- 42.7 to 246.4 +/- 97.9 ml (p < 0.001). The effect was maintained throughout followup. Of 23 total patients 20 reported no bladder pain on cyclosporine A treatment and 11 patients stopped treatment due to a good clinical effect. In 9 patients symptoms recurred within months but disappeared again after cyclosporine A treatment was restarted. Side effects of medication were infrequent.


CONCLUSIONS
Cyclosporine A treatment was safe and effective in treating interstitial cystitis. The achieved therapeutic effect was maintained in the long term. Cessation of medication led to recurrence of symptoms in most cases.