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Role of dynamic changes in blood perfusion and optical properties in thermal coagulation of the prostate

The dynamic evolution of the coagulation front in laser irradiated prostate tissue is simulated using a nonlinear finite element method (NFEM) which takes into account the temperature and thermal damage dependence of blood perfusion rate and optical properties. Using this nonlinear model, it was found that the hyperemic ring formed at the periphery of the coagulation front reduces heat penetration significantly and the increased scattering near the tissue surface reduces the light energy deposition in the deep region. The final damage depth would be overestimated by about 50% if the effect of temperature and damage dependence of blood perfusion and optical properties modeling is disregarded.