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Development of chemotherapy-induced extravasation management algorithm to facilitate and improve care of cancer patients.

224 Background: Chemotherapy administration has up to a 6% incidence of extravasation, which can cause ulcer formation, tissue necrosis and loss of limb function, requiring surgical intervention (debridement and skin grafting). Because of its rare occurrences and the lack of uniform consensus on management strategies, much time is spent on decision making process by the patient care team and treatments are often delayed. To facilitate and improve the care of cancer patients in cases of chemotherapy extravasation, a task force was created to develop chemotherapy extravasation management algorithm.


METHODS
Chemotherapy extravasation management task force comprised of oncology pharmacy and oncology nursing leaderships. Literature search (limited to English language) was performed in PubMed (through April 2014) and of 34 "hits", 13 articles on management of chemotherapy extravasation were reviewed. An algorithm was developed which contained 7 distinct intervention pathways dependent upon the drug involved in extravasation. The treatment algorithm was adopted after review by the cancer institute's QI committee and oncology pharmacy and therapeutics subcommittee.


RESULTS
Chemotherapy extravasation algorithm provides the following guidance to nurses and providers: (1) Initial steps for nurses to follow in case of chemotherapy extravasation; (2) Chemotherapeutic agent-specific recommendations for cold or hot compress with antidote if indicated; (3) Nursing instruction for documentation of the adverse event and recommendation to photograph the site of extravasation; (4) Preparation and administration instruction of the antidotes (hyaluronidase, dexrazoxane, sodium thiosulfate, and DMSO). Finalized chemotherapy extravasation algorithm was made available in all oncology treatment areas and included in each extravasation kit.


CONCLUSIONS
The development of algorithm for chemotherapy extravasation management provides clear and comprehensive instructions to oncology nurses and oncology providers on management and shortens the time to initiate management, thereby minimizing the risk of potentially debilitating sequelae from delayed management.