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Induction of IRF‐3/‐7 kinase and NF‐κB in response to double‐stranded RNA and virus infection: common and unique pathways

Infection by virus or treatment with double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) results in the activation of transcription factors including IRF‐3, IRF‐7 and a pleiotropic regulator NF‐κB by specific phosphorylation. These factors are important in triggering a cascade of antiviral responses. A protein kinase that is yet to be identified is responsible for the activation of these factors and plays a key role in the responses.