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Open for Business: The Roots of Foreign Ownership in Canada by Gordon Laxer (review)

Since Canada is uniquely endowed with foreign ownership, Canadian scholars have acomparative advantage in its study. Those working within the political economy paradigm have been particularly productive. To cite only the high points: the renaissance of Canadian political economy can be reliably dated from Kari Levitt's Silent Surrender in •97o; the powerful and provocative writings of R.T. Naylor and Wallace Clement in the •97os focused on the nature of a Canadian business class constrained and compromised by foreign ownership, and touched off a fruitful debate that is still going on; Eric Kierans demonstrated how economic rents were lost in the resource sector through foreign ownership; while Glen Williams and the writers of numerous monographs for the Science Council of Canada (it is now known only to historians) told us of the truncated and arrested development of the manufacturing sector. Indeed, one is entitled to ask, how could there be anything left to say on this topic? Laxer's book is resounding proof that there is. The key to this ambitious and splendid study is his use of a comparative framework, and an original one to boot for Canadian studies. While most historians of Canada eschew national-