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The Long and Winding Road: Juvenile Corrections Reform in California* Criminal Justice: the Long and Winding Road: Juvenile Corrections Reform in California May 2011

Background Over 70 years ago California enacted its Youth Authority Act with the bold purpose of replacing punishment of younger offenders with a focus on treatment and training. This noble objective was more often honored in the breach. However, in the late 1960's and early 1970's the California Youth Authority (CYA), now known at the Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) became a national and international leader in innovative juvenile corrections practices. 1 Under the outstanding leadership of Allen Breed, the CYA pioneered work on offender classification, expanded vocational and educational programs, virtually created the enterprise of reentry, prevention, and embarked on a major program to subsidize communities to treat youthful offenders at the local level. While none on these efforts were perfect, professionals from around the world came to California to learn about these innovations. 1 For this paper I will utilize the names CYA and DJJ interchangeably to refer to current state juvenile corrections programs.