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Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)‐I regulation of interleukin (IL)‐1b and IL‐1 receptor antagonist expression in cultured human endometrial stromal cells

Aim:  Human endometrium is an active site of cytokine production and action. Among these cytokines, the interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) system seems to be relevant to the embryonic implantation process. We have previously reported the production of GnRH‐I by human blastocyst, as well as the presence of GnRH‐I receptor in human endometrium. This suggests a close interaction between the immune and endocrine systems through these cytokine mediators in embryonic implantation.