{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.019559902200488997, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004889975550122249, 'mean_word_length': 5.111940298507463, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Portugal and the European Union: The ups and downs in 20 years of membership

Abstract In the last 20 years, with the accession to the European Communities, Portugal has undergone a strong process of modernization. At the European level there have also been deep-seated changes, with the continuous deepening and widening of the Union. The connection between those transformations allows for the identification of three different phases that mark the relationship between Portugal and European integration: The Euro-sceptical period, the Euro-enthusiastic phase and the Euro-realistic stage. This paper intends to give an overview of the Portuguese venture in the European Union, starting with a brief reference to the accession to the Communities, and then an outline of the main phases of affiliation with the Union.