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Left-sided flap transposition of the appendix for urethroplasty in oncourology

The ureter is a unique tubular structure, extremely sensitive to exogenous influences and directly affects to renal function. The injuries of the ureter remain one of the most difficult problems requiring an extraordinary surgical approach in urology. Extended strictures and obliterations of the ureters of various origins in the absence of timely treatment are accompanied by irreversible changes in the upper urinary system and renal parenchyma. Obstructive uroteropathy with transformation of the ureter wall, pelvis and kidney parenchyma in the case of oncology disease is caused directly by the tumor itself or invasive growth or complication of treatment. Therefore, the determination of indications and algorithms for ureteral reconstruction are cornerstone problem in urology daily practice. 