{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04059328649492584, 'fraction_numerical': 0.02419984387197502, 'mean_word_length': 4.935185185185185, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Increase in carcinoembryonic antigen release from cancer cells by combined treatment with retinoic acid and low-temperature hyperthermia.

The growth of a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line, MKN-45, was inhibited and the amount of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in both the culture medium and the cell extract was increased in the presence of retinoic acid at a concentration of 75 (1.5x)-125 microM (1.9x), which did not substantially affect cell survival. Treatment using a combination of retinoic acid (125 microM) and low-temperature hyperthermia (40 degrees C, 30 min) was more effective in increasing CEA compared with retinoic acid alone (extracellular 1.9-2.4x, intracellular 1.5-1.9x). The inhibition of cell growth was reversed after the retinoic acid was removed from the medium. Cells treated with both retinoic acid and (low-temperature) hyperthermia, however, could be induced to release a significant amount of CEA at about 48 h after retinoic acid removal. The induced CEA increase in the cells, but not in the medium, was suppressed by actinomycin D (1 ng/ml) or cyclohexamide (0.2 microgram/ml). These results suggest that retinoic acid, used alone or in combination with hyperthermia, enhances the production and release of CEA in human gastric cancer cells.