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Remote ischaemic preconditioning in isolated aortic valve and coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized trial†.

OBJECTIVES
This trial was designed and patients were recruited at a time when the benefits of remote ischaemic preconditioning during open-heart surgery were still controversial. We focused on a homogeneous patient population undergoing either isolated aortic valve replacement or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery by investigating cardiac injury, metabolic stress and inflammatory response.


METHODS
A 2-centre randomized controlled trial recruited a total of 124 patients between February 2013 and April 2015. Of them, 64 patients underwent CABG and 60 patients underwent aortic valve replacement. Patients were randomized to either sham or preconditioning. Remote ischaemic preconditioning was applied following anaesthesia and before sternotomy. Myocardial injury and inflammatory response were assessed by serially measuring cardiac troponin I, and interleukin-6, 8, 10 and the tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α). Biopsies from the left and the right ventricles were harvested after ischaemic reperfusion injury for nucleotides analysis.


RESULTS
Application of remote ischaemic preconditioning did not alter the degree of troponin I release, levels of inflammatory markers and cardiac energetics in both the CABG and the aortic valve replacement groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Preconditioning did not confer any additional cardioprotection in terms of reducing the levels of troponin I and inflammatory markers and preserving left and right ventricle energy metabolites in patients undergoing isolated CABG or aortic valve surgery.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry ID 33084113 (doi: 10.1186/ISRCTN33084113) and UK controlled randomized trial number (UKCRN) registry ID 13672.