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Characteristics of ARROW VCSELs under external optical feedback

This work focuses on the effects of external feedback on the transient response of antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). The study uses a self-consistent system, which is incorporated by the field transfer matrix method, laser rate equations and the reflective index change model, to simulate the dynamics of the VCSELs under optical feedback.