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SURVEILLANCE FOR AVIAN INFLUENZA IN NEPAL 2004–2005

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has long been recognized as a serious disease of domestic chickens and turkeys. Between 1959 and 1990 ten outbreaks of HPAI were recorded throughout the world, mostly in temperate climates, but since 1990 the number of reported outbreaks has exceeded 20, with many recent outbreaks caused by H5N1 occurring in tropical and temperate regions of Asia and spreading westward into Europe. The growth in consumption of poultry has resulted in the rapid expansion of the commercial poultry industry in Asia, thus providing a greater number and concentration of susceptible host species. The goose/Guangdong H5N1 virus has spread extensively throughout Asia and into Europe since it was first described in 1996. Since 2003 many Asian countries have reported outbreaks of disease in commercial chickens and ducks, but importantly also in wild birds. Outbreaks in countries bordering Nepal raised the necessity of serological surveillance of healthy poultry to ensure absence of in apparent infection and investigation of cases of disease to exclude H5N1 etiology.