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Energy-Aware Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem Considering the Inventory, Tardiness and Energy Costs

The green shop scheduling has become a well-known issue due to environmental concerns. This paper deals with an integrated model of a permutation flow shop scheduling problem with some energy considerations, in which a trade-off between the economical and environmental criteria is actually taken place. In order to model this problem as close to the real-world problem as possible, a number of assumptions are incorporated including various costs of production, such as inventory, tardiness and energy consumption. In addition, a higher cost rate is presumed to be incurred for energy consumption over a specific threshold. In order to formulate the problem, a novel mathematical model is developed based on the mentioned assumptions. Finally, a computational experiment is provided using some random-generated examples, and a sensitivity analysis is presented to show the impact of influential parameters changes on the results of the model as well.