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Improvement of melting and freezing curves for fixed-point calibration of a transfer reference thermometer by size-of-source-effect correction

The size-of-source effect (SSE) of a radiation thermometer is a critical uncertainty component in the fixed-point blackbody calibration of a transfer reference thermometer in the low-temperature range where the field of view is comparable to the size of the blackbody cavity opening. The SSE causes the signal difference between the melting and freezing plateaus to increase, and steepens the slopes of the plateaus. We propose a new method that can recover the signals of the melting and freezing curves that are deteriorated by the SSE, and thereby flatten the plateaus. The improvement has been successfully demonstrated using a tin-point blackbody. The signal difference between the melting and freezing plateaus was reduced from 81 mK to 18 mK, and the freezing-point signal was corrected by 1.30 K. In addition, the slopes on the plateaus have been dramatically flattened.