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Beyond the State: Spaces of Capital in Latin America

The five articles that follow have their origins in two panels organized by Orlando Bentancor, Anna Moore and Gareth Williams for the annual American Comparative Literature Association’s conference ‘Capitals’ in March 2014. The title of the panels was ‘Beyond the State: Spaces of Capital in Latin America’. To further unify the presentations thematically the participants were asked to incorporate into their work some reflection on the recently translated work of Carlo Galli, Political Spaces and Global War (2010) – which, in its English-language version, contains two short books originally published separately in the Italian: Spazi politici (2001) and La Guerra Globale (2002) – Galli’s response to ‘9/11’. Not everyone heeded the suggestion. Nevertheless, even in these cases Galli’s important work remains a useful theoretical and historical counterpoint. The book is a space-centred history of the present in which the new – a particular account of neo-liberal globalization – is thought in relation to the old and now only residual modern ‘geometries’ of the state. The articles by Bentancor, Daniel Nemser and Brian Whitener all explicitly frame their reflections in relation to Galli’s work; Sol Peláez less so, and Elvira Vilches not at all – this is because her article constitutes an important contribution to an ongoing project: the re-writing of the long, colonial, 16th Century from the point of view of money (gold and silver), finance, trade and, in the essay below, its various – bookish – pedagogies of and into exchange. The production of the kinds of trust the measure of exchange requires is central to her inquiry into the ways in which an assemblage of bullion, coin and arithmetic skills binds together the colonial spatio-temporal order. For his part, Nemser, out of Galli, considers that form of primitive accumulation that characterizes the creation of congregaciones (or reducciones) in post-Conquest Mexico, the cell of a new nomos governing exploitation, on the one hand, and identityformation, on the other. That is, another subjectivizing assemblage. By looking at the disaggregation effected by defeat and the imperial recomposition of populations (as well as locations), Nemser investigates the production of new subjects in new (racialized) sites of surplus extraction, Indios – whose relation to their own territory and history is thereby ‘changed utterly’ (and violently, as the evocation of Marx’s notion of primitive accumulation suggests). What is clear in the articles published below is that for the most part the usual ‘reduction’ and speedy dismissal of Marx’s