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Serum immunoglobulins specific for intracellular proteins of squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE
To determine an autologous humoral immune response to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) intracellular proteins in patients with SCC.


DESIGN
Intracellular proteins were isolated from 25 different cultured SCC lines. The proteins were used as a source of antigens to measure IgA, IgE, and IgG responses in the serum samples of patients and controls. Antibody response was assessed in both unfractionated and fractionated intracellular proteins.


PATIENTS
The serum samples of 65 patients with SCC and of 65 age- and gender-matched controls were tested.


RESULTS
Antibodies to SCC intracellular proteins were detected in the serum samples of 40 (62%) of the 65 patients with SCC and in the serum samples of 46 (71%) of 65 controls. Thirty (46%) of the patients with SCC and 40 (62%) of the controls had IgE responses, 18 (28%) of the patients and one (2%) of the controls had IgA responses, and 17 (26%) of the patients and 14 (22%) of the controls had IgG responses. An inverse relation was noted between detectable IgE responses and IgA or IgG responses in the patients and the controls. The analysis of antibody response indicated that 28 molecules were recognized predominantly by the serum samples of patients with SCC, but not by the serum samples of controls.


CONCLUSIONS
A substantial proportion of patients with SCC and of controls exhibited an autologous humoral immune response to SCC intracellular proteins. The IgE responses to SCC intracellular proteins were inversely related to IgA or to IgG responses. Different antibody isotypes normally cause markedly different immune functions, and may suggest different roles for the existent immune responses to SCC antigens. We identified many tumor-associated antigens that were selectively recognized by the serum samples of patients with SCC. These antigens could be used to define molecular studies of immune surveillance and selection, and may represent appropriate targets for immunotherapy.