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Balkan But Different: Romania and Bulgaria's Contrasting Paths to NATO Membership 1994–2002

The only invitations to Balkan states issued at the 2002 NATO summit in Prague went to Romania and Bulgaria. Frequently seen as having identical problems owing to their shared communist heritage and Balkan location, they have made contrasting progress on the reform front since 1989. NATO entry looked unlikely for both states until purposeful engagement with terrorism became a criterion for NATO membership dwarfing all others. However, more flexible entry terms, above all in the case of Romania, may weaken a democratization process that, unlike Bulgaria's, has largely been externally driven. He has published widely on the role of nationalism in a Southeast Europe experimenting with democracy and on the security concerns of individual countries, particularly Romania. His latest book is Theft of A Nation: Romania Since Communism (2004).