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Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Establishes and Broadens Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Immunodominance Hierarchies1

The action of TdT on mouse TCR genes accounts for ∼90% of T cell repertoire diversity. We report that in TdT−/− mice, total TCD8+ responses to influenza and vaccinia viruses are reduced by ∼30% relative to wild-type mice. We find that TCD8+ responses to three subdominant influenza virus determinants are reduced to background values in TdT−/− mice while responses to three immunodominant determinants undergo a major reshuffling. A similar reshuffling occurs in TCD8+ responses to immunodominant vaccinia virus determinants, and is clearly based on broad differences in TCR family usage and CDR3 length between wild-type and TdT−/− mice. These findings demonstrate that TdT plays a critical role in the magnitude and breadth of anti-viral TCD8+ responses toward individual determinants and suggests that germline TCR repertoire bias toward the most dominant determinants is a major factor in establishing immunodominance hierarchies.