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The study of thermal transfer value for medium scale mixed development in Singapore / Jeffrey Ng

Energy usage for building is very significant and has been on the climb from 
year to year especially with the growing number of buildings to cope with the 
development and ever growing population. With the usage of air conditioning in most 
buildings nowadays contributing up to 40% of total building energy use in most 
countries, it is becoming worrying and measure need to be taken to tackle this effect. In 
Singapore, studies have shown the total energy use for cooling for a building range from 
45.1% up to 73% of the total building energy usage which is even more alarming. Thus 
Envelope Thermal Transfer Value (ETTV) was introduced as a tool to regulate and 
measure the building heat gain. 
This dissertation proposes a methodology to utilize and generate the relationship 
between ETTV and Total Cooling Energy (Ec) consumption using a case study. Using a 
medium scale mixed development building in Singapore as case study; the ETTV value 
& its corresponding Ec is calculated and stimulated using Carrier’s E-20 program 
respectively. It was found that the ETTV value for the variation of glass used range 
from 39.89 W/m2 to 55.81 W/m2 with translates to 4.73% reduction in ETTV value for 
each 0.1 SC-Value drop for Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) of only 0.29. It was also 
found that each W/m2 of ETTV value increases the Ec by 0.65 kW with the selected air 
conditioning system with COP of 3. Although the findings are specific to the case study 
building, it is significant as medium scale mixed developments is the most sought after 
and constructed buildings in Singapore. Nevertheless with the findings, proper measures 
to set and review the permissible ETTV value range to ensure the energy usage of 
building can be managed more efficiently.