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A mechanistic approach towards determining double strand breaks and Relative Biological Effectiveness variation along proton tracks

Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) is an important but complex quantity which is used in Proton Therapy to compare the efficacy of cell-killing of protons relative to x-ray. It is known to depend on many factors (such as proton’s energy, dose, and cell type) and varies along the track of a particle. The exact RBE value is also known to be subjected to a large amount of uncertainties. In light of these complexities and uncertainties, this paper presents the calculation of the biologically and clinically relevant parameters - RBE (for double strand breaks) and double strand breaks yield, using a mechanistic and radiobiology-inspired approach. This paper is divided into two main parts. The first features the debut of our in-house radiobiology simulation software known as Integrated Radiobiology Simulation with Geant4 and System Biology (IRSGS). The software and the methodology employed will be covered in details including chromosome geometry construction and processing of direct and indirect effect. The second part focuses on the derivation of the spatial distribution of strand breaks (especially double strand breaks) and RBE for protons.