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Growth and characterization of doped LiF crystals

Transparent and crack-free crystals of LiF:x (x = Ca, Pb, Na, Tl) were successfully grown by using the Czochralski method. Growth parameters such as the pulling and the rotation rates were optimized. The grown crystals were characterized and compared by using X-ray luminescence. Tl- and Na-doped crystals showed better luminescence intensity than crystals with other dopants. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves were obtained to study the crystal defects in the grown samples. Activation energies were calculated from the TL glow curves. The temperature dependence of the light yield in the temperature range from 10 to 300 K under alpha particle excitation was also investigated. The light yield was found to be larger at low temperatures. Na- and Tl-doped crystals showed 35% and 20% increases in the light yield, respectively, at low temperatures as compared to room temperature.