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Biosynthesized AgNP modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as a label-free non faradaic impedance sensor for bacteria detection

Gold standard techniques for detection of bacterial cells in their various stages of growth and death require time, skilled labor and sophisticated laboratory facilities including instruments and environment. Herein, we have developed a bio modified Carbon-Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS) derived glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to detect bacterial cellsin their lag as well as log phases of growth using non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (nf-EIS) measurements. The absence of any labeling molecule and the use of no redox indicators make the measurement system simpler and more precise. The investigations were carried out to detect Shigella bacteria concentrations in the growth milk medium. The electrode is bio modified using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which are green synthesized using Azadirachta indica. This paper highlights the synthesis of AgNPs as well as its characterization using standard analytical techniques. The synthesized nanoparticles have been proven as an antibacterial agent using standard bioassay technique and this has been employed to detect the decrease in cell concentration using nf-EIS. These results help pave the way for rapid antibacterial testing at the point-of-need, which is currently a major challenge in water quality control. The biosynthesized AgNPs enhance bacteria detection and the preliminary results obtained is satisfactory. It can be concluded from the results that the Glassy Carbon sensor is a potential candidate for water quality monitoring application and our present research is in line with that.