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Biomechanical and Histopathological Analysis on Different Approaches for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the common injuries in sports and vehicle accidents. ACL decreases joint stability, leading to increased incidence of osteoarthritis. Although there are various approaches for the reconstruction of ACL, no consensus has been reached
 on the safest and most effective method to achieve joint stability. Here we have compared the biomechanical and histopathological outcomes of three different approaches: intra-articular ACL reconstruction, remnant-preserving and re-tensioning and non-remnant-preservation technique, using finite
 element analysis, histopathologic observation as well as qPCR and western blot analysis. Results of the current study showed no significant differences among the three methods concerning biomechanical, histopathological analysis and mRNA and protein levels of chondrocyte apoptotic markers
 such as JNK, MMP-1 and SIRT1 (P > 0 05). Those results indicated that remnant preservation techniques such as intra-articular ACL reconstruction and remnant-preserving and re-tensioning are similar in their ability to achieve joint stabilization and prevent chondrocyte regeneration
 to non-remnantpreservation technique.