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Apparatus for the measurement of decompression wave front velocity based sound speeds and of associated densities and isothermal compressibility coefficients in moderately dense gases

Abstract An apparatus containing a T-shaped tube fitted with a rupture diaphragm was developed in order to generate simultaneously two decompression waves traveling in opposite directions through a gas. The speeds of decompression wave fronts observed at ideal gas densities were found to be precisely equal to the calculated values of the speed of sound of equilibrium thermodynamics. Accordingly, the observed speed of the wave front is adopted as the speed of sound at all gas densities. Wave front speeds are determined from transit-times between two piezoelectric transducers mounted face-on to the waves and average speed of the two wave fronts is recorded at the speed of sound at a chosen pressure and temperature. The gas density is determined by discharging the contents of a small side-chamber filled with the gas at this state into a pre-evacuated chamber sufficiently large that the mass of discharged gas is provided with precision by the ideal gas law. The compressibility coefficient is measured at sligh...