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Ultrastructural changes in aortic arch of spontaneously hypertensive rats loaded with cholesterol and vitamin D2.

Electron microscopic observation was carried out on the aortic arch of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) treated with high-cholesterol diet-feeding and vitamin D2-loading. In the control SHRs, intimal and medial thickening probably responsible to persistent hypertension was observed. The upper subendothelial portion of the thickened intima consisted primarily of densely packed basement membrane-like materials while the deeper portion mainly of abundant elastic fibers accompanying so-called modified smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Medial thickening appeared to be brought about by increase in collagen and elastic fibers around modified SMCs. On the other hand, in the treated SHRs, the almost all areas of the thickened intima were occupied by abundant elastic fibers and SMCs and therefore it exhibited appearance of more mature fibromuscular thickening in comparison with that of the control SHRs. Necrosis and destruction of SMCs with calcification were observed in the media and interstitial collagen and elastic bundles around calcific mass were loosened and dissociated with deposition of lipids, calcium salts and cellular debris.