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Early Intervention for Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Introduction First identified in the United States over 35 years ago, Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a major birth defect resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and is characterized by a distinct pattern of facial abnormalities, growth retardation and central nervous system dysfunction. The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is used to reflect the full range of effects associated with PAE, and in addition to FAS, includes partial FAS, alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), and alcohol related birth defects (ARBD). FASD places a significant burden on both affected families and society. The lifetime cost for a person with FAS is estimated to be approximately $2 million, most of which reflects special education and medical and mental health treatment.