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Effects of dexamethasone treatment on IL‐1 receptor mRNA levels in vivo

Using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Northern analysis, we observed in vivo up‐regulation of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) RI and IL‐1RII mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and neutrophils (PMNs) from Holstein cattle injected with dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg). Baseline levels of IL‐1RI mRNA were greater than IL‐1RII mRNA levels in PBMCs and PMNs before dexamethasone treatment. This is in contrast with the previously reported predominance of IL‐1RII in unstimulated human PMNs. IL‐1RII mRNA was strongly induced in both bovine PBMCs and PMNs at 24 h and returned to baseline levels by 72 h, after dexamethasone injection. Conversely, the greatest increase in IL‐1RI mRNA in PBMCs and PMNs was not detected until 72 h after dexamethasone injection. These data provide evidence for sequential in vivo up‐regulation of first IL‐IRII mRNA and later IL‐1RI mRNA by dexamethasone that is consistent with the anti‐inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. J. Leukoc. Biol. 62: 401–404; 1997.