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Overview of Fiber Optic Cables, Connectors, and Splices for Metropolitan-sized Networks

The term Metropolitan Area Network lends itself to defining a constantly changing environment in which equipment must be able to survive and operate with a high degree of flexibility. This environment is naturally outdoors with a variety of climatic extremes. Equipment may often be sheltered thru burial or vault techniques, or be subjected to direct exposure in aerial installations. Typically, system distances exceed what we consider to be the Local Area Network envelope of 2 kilometers and extend out to 40 kilometers or more.