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Comparative study of the characteristics of photovoltaic models for an optimal choice in an energy application

In terms of energy, the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions requires the substitution of fossil fuels by renewable energies. However, the scientific community is making a great effort to simulate, design, manage and optimize the operation of photovoltaic systems. To this end, in the literature, several models of photovoltaic modules have been developed. The main objective of this paper is to compare the powers, voltages and currents at the maximum power points obtained with the three and four parameter one diode models of photovoltaic modules with those obtained with the five parameter model. The latter takes into account the series and shunt resistances of a photovoltaic module. This work is part of an energy study of a photovoltaic module. The three models are implemented with data from the Photowatt PW2350F polycrystalline photovoltaic module data sheet and the “Matlab” numerical calculation tool by Newton Raphson's method. The current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics obtained are recorded for several photovoltaic cell temperatures and irradiations. These characteristics are made up of uniform graphs. A comparison of the roots of the RMSE and normalized NRMSE root mean square errors obtained with the three and four parameter models shows that the three and five parameter models have almost identical characteristics. Thus, for an energy application, the choice of the five parameter model instead of the three and four parameter models is recommended.