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Radiative Channeling of Nanowire Frenkel Exciton Polaritons through Surface Plasmons

(1 of 6) 1600873 wave guiding[26] of light over millimeter length scale. Such long distance optical transport properties have been utilized for variety of nanophotonics applications such as optical logic gates,[27] resonators,[9,28] nanolasers,[26] photonic circuits,[12,28] etc. Interfacing organic molecular platforms with surface plasmons (SPs),[29–31] which are charge density oscillations at metal–dielectric interface, can provide excellent platform to study exciton–plasmon interaction at weak[32] and strong coupling[33,34] regimes. Interestingly, such coupling can also be harnessed for controlling light emission from organic nanostructures,[35] down to single photon limit.[36] A variety of schemes have been explored to interface excitonic systems with surface plasmons such as coupling of quantum dots with plasmonic substrate,[37] layered materials with plasmonic lattice,[38] core–shell nanoparticles,[33] molecular J-aggregates layer with plasmonic nanoparticles,[39,40] and photonic nanowire with gold nanoparticles.[36] These investigations are predominantly confined to probe energy transfer mechanism, recombination processes,[41] photoluminescence enhancement,[42] Rabi splitting,[43] generation of hybrid states,[44] biosensing applications,[45,46] and low-threshold nonlinear effects.[21] In many of these approaches, the dimensionality of the molecular material is either quasi 0D or quasi 2D in nature. So far, there are a few reports[47,48] on interfacing quasi 1D organic molecular systems, such as horizontally oriented nanowires with surface plasmons.[47,48] Alternately, we have recently introduced vertically oriented organic nanowire on a gold thin film.[49] Such a single, vertical nanowire provides a unique opportunity to study coupling of 1D propagating exciton polaritons with 2D propagating plasmon polaritons at nanoscale at a single point of contact. In this coupling scheme, an important issue to be addressed is the outcoupling of EP photoluminescence emission from a single, vertical nanowire into a specific direction through leaky plasmon channels of a gold film. Given that spontaneous emission is isotropic, there is an imperative to channel the nanowire emission, such that a majority of the light is collected and harnessed. Such directional outcoupling of emitted light has consequence on designing photovoltaic devices such as single-nanowire solar cells,[41,50,51] organic light emitting devices,[3,23] exciton-polariton lasers,[26] and nanooptical biosensors.[21,23] Here, we experimentally demonstrate directional, excitonpolariton photoluminescence emission channeled from a single, vertical organic nanowire through a plasmonic leaky channel of gold thin film. Figure 1 shows the conceptual schematic of the experiment. The tip of a vertically oriented organic semiconducting nanowire made of di-amino-anthraquinone (DAAQ) molecules is excited by a tightly focused laser beam at 532 nm wavelength. This excitation wavelength is close Radiative Channeling of Nanowire Frenkel Exciton Polaritons through Surface Plasmons