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Exosome Production and Regenerative Potential is Influenced by Mechanical Stimulus and Cell Origin

Exosomes are nanosized membrane bound vesicles (30–150 nm) secreted by cells. Exosomes contain nucleic acids and proteins used to signal and influence the cells around them. It has been shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) influence tissue regeneration and healing through their paracrine secretion of pro‐regenerative factors. Many of these factors are contained within exosomes suggesting that exosome suspensions may be an effective cell‐free therapy for tissue regeneration and repair. Previously, our group has found that mechanical stimulus can be used to rescue muscle derived stem cells from an aged mouse model (progeria mice), indicating that physical environment influences MSC function. With this knowledge, we hypothesized that myoblasts subjected to mechanical stimulation would improve exosome quantity and function. Given the fact that several studies have also shown muscle to bone cross talk improves fracture repair, we further hypothesized that optimized myoblast exosomes could improve osteoblast cell function.