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Analysis of variability of brachial plexus cords in human fetuses

Cords of brachial plexus are created by combination of divisions of individual trunks. Brachial plexus nerves originate from cords of brachial plexus. Anomalies of cords can be one of the causes of vascular-nerve conflict. The purpose of this study was assessment of variability of brachial plexus cords during fetal period. The examinations was carried on the total of 110 fetuses aged 14-32 weeks, including 50 females and 60 males (in CRL range: 80-233 mm). The following methods were incorporated in the study: dissection, anthropological as well as statistical methods. Symmetry and sexual dimorphism was observed. Cords variations were observed in 40 (18.18%) cases, more often on the left side, regardless of gender. There was no variation of the medial cord. Lateral cord anomalies occurred in 35 (15.9%) cases. The most common abnormality of lateral cord was additional connection between the cord and the medial root of the median nerve forming a double or triple lateral root of the median nerve – in 21 (9.54%) cases. Posterior cord variants were observed in only 5 plexuses. Anatomic variants of cords occurred in nearly every fifth of assessed plexuses, more often on the left side of the body. Lateral cord was the most variable. Knowledge of the anomalies of the brachial plexus is important in reconstructive surgery.