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Transgenic Overexpression of Them1 in WAT Promotes Inflammation but not Insulin Resistance

In the setting of obesity, inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT) may contribute to insulin resistance through the liberation of free fatty acids (FFA) and production of inflammatory cytokines. Thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1) is a fatty acyl‐CoA thioesterase that converts long chain fatty acyl‐CoAs to FFA and CoASH. It is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), where it functions to suppress energy expenditure. Although basal levels in WAT are minimal, Them1 is upregulated in response to high fat feeding, suggesting a pathogenic role in insulin resistance. Them1−/−mice are resistant to high fat diet‐induced obesity and diabetes, exhibiting improved insulin sensitivity, an absence of macrophage infiltration in WAT and blunted inflammatory cytokine production. Whether these beneficial effects are primarily due to increased energy expenditure in BAT or the absence of Them1 in WAT is unknown.