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INFLUENCE OF MICROSPORIDIAN SPORES ON PHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE HAEMOCYTES OF GRYLLUS SPP. (INSECTA: ORTHOPTERA) IN VITRO.

After incubation with spores of microsporidia Paranosema spp. during 1—2 h, the quotes of Gryllus spp.
haemolymph cells giving positive reaction in histochemical assay for phenoloxidase (PO) activity were significantly
lower as compared to the control. Spores of microsporidia P. grylli caused 3- and 5.4-fold decrease of
this index in haemocyte monolayers of Gryllus bimaculatus and G. argentinus, respectively. The ability of
P. grylli spores to decrease the quote of PO-positive cells in G. bimaculatus haemocyte monolayers was stronger
when monolayers and spores had been coincubated for a longer period (2 h) and when the spores used were
more fresh (with higher level pf infectivity). Treatment of P. grylli spores with antibiotics resulted in diminishing
their ability to decrease the quote of PO-positive cells. The highest level of decrease of this index, being
28.7-fold, was registered when G. bimaculatus haemocytes had been incubated with spores of P. locustae, the
highly aggressive parasite which is able to infect orthopteran insect hosts belonging to more than 100 species
and to preserve a high level of infectivity for years. Strong correlation has been revealed between infectivity of
microsporidian spores and their ability to suppress PO system, which is a key factor in invertebrate immunity.