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Analysis and design of an adaptive lightweight satellite mirror

Future scientific space missions based on interferometric optical and infrared astronomical instruments are currently under development in the United States as well as in Europe. These instruments require optical path length accuracy in the order of a few nanometers across structural dimensions of several meters. This puts extreme demands on static and dynamic structural stability. It is expected that actively controlled, adaptive structures will increasingly have to be used for these satellite applications to overcome the limits of passive structural accuracy. Based on the evaluation of different piezo-active concepts presented two years ago analysis and design of an adaptive lightweight satellite mirror primarily made of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic with embedded piezoceramic actuators for shape control is being described. Simulation of global mirror performance takes different wavefront-sensors and controls for several cases of loading into account. In addition extensive finite-element optimization of various structural details has been performed. Local material properties of sub-assemblies or geometry effects at the edges of the structure are investigated with respect to their impact on mirror performance. One important result of the analysis was the lay-out of actuator arrays consisting of specifically designed and custom made piezoceramic actuators. Prototype manufacturing and testing of active sub-components is described in detail. The results obtained served as a basis for a final update of finite-element models. The paper concludes with an outline on manufacturing, testing, and space qualification of the prototype demonstrator of an actively controllable lightweight satellite mirror currently under way. The research work presented in this paper is part of the German industrial research project 'ADAPTRONIK'.