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Electroencephalographic Signatures of Tinnitus with Spatial Patterns in Fronto-Parietal-Cingulate Area Identified Through XGBoost

Tinnitus is an obscure disorder widely affecting the life quality of patients and there is still in lack of completely effective treatments. It is necessary to find objective non-invasive markers for large-scale, low-cost, and timely tinnitus detection. Many recent studies employing Electroencephalography (EEG) have shown the central neural abnormalities involved in tinnitus, indicating that EEG is a potential tool for objective diagnoses of tinnitus. In this study, we have collected EEG data from 72 tinnitus patients and 69 healthy controls, and then extracted feature from the source EEG data to train an accurate model based on the XGBoost algorithm. The final model was constructed based on 20 features, which showed robust performance by the areas under the characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9378 and 0.9363 by the 10-fold cross-validation on the training set and the independent test, respectively. Further analyses indicated that the most distinguished features included a network of global fronto-parietal-cingulate areas. The remaining features included the gamma power in the anterior cingulate and inferior parietal lobule, the alpha powers in the precuneus, and the theta power in cingulate gyrus, which were known related to the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, indicating the clinical characteristics of EEG markers for the tinnitus. In conclusion, our results advance the neurobiological understanding of tinnitus, and the proposed framework provides a convenient and non-invasive tool for precise diagnoses of neurological diseases. 
 
Funding: This work was funded by Key RD the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Grant/Award Number: 20ykpy91; the Medical artificial intelligence project of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Grant/Award Number: YXYGZN201904; Sun Yat-sen Clinical Research Cultivating Program, Grant/Award Number: SYS-Q-20190; National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 82071062. 
 
Declaration of Interest: None to declare. 
 
Ethical Approval: This study was approved by the Institution Review Board of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital.