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The Eight Trigrams of the I Ching Provide a New Avenue for Characterizing the Association between mRNA Codons and the Hydrophobicity of the Encoded Amino Acids

The 
standard genetic code is nearly universal, and relates the sequence of a 
translated messenger RNA (mRNA) to the sequence of amino acids in the resultant 
protein. Previous studies have related the second position of the mRNA codon to 
the hydrophobicity of the encoded amino acid. The research aim of this study 
was to investigate any other relationships that might exist. The author 
explored the association between both the first and the second positions of the 
mRNA codon with the hydrophobicity of the encoded amino acid based on their 
characterization according to the eight trigrams of the I Ching. The author 
found that most hydrophilic amino acids are associated with mRNA codons whose 
first two bases are in the middle four trigrams and form intermediate or weak 
hydrogen bonds with tRNA anticodons, whereas most hydrophobic amino acids are 
associated with mRNA codons located at the Yang end (i.e., the first two bases 
of the codon are strong followed by strong) or the Yin end (i.e., the first two 
bases of the codon are weak followed by weak). The eight trigrams provide a new 
avenue for characterizing the association between mRNA codons and the 
hydrophobicity of the encoded amino acids.