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ICOS‐dependent stimulation of NKT cells by marginal zone B cells

Marginal zone (MZ) B cells express high levels of CD1d molecules. In accordance, MZ B cells, like splenic conventional DCs (cDCs), efficiently trigger NKT‐cell proliferation. Importantly, MZ B cells exclusively induced production of IL‐4 and IL‐13 by such cells whereas cDCs induced robust production of mainly IFN‐γ. NKT‐cell proliferation, IL‐4 and IL‐13 production induced by MZ B cells were dependent on ICOS/ICOS ligand interaction while IFN‐γ and IL‐17 induction by cDCs required glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor/glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor ligand interplay. Our data illustrate that both MZ B cells and cDCs act as efficient APCs for NKT cells and might differentially influence the quality of the subsequent immune response.