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Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Metabolic Syndrome

Background: There is bidirectional relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic disease. Sleep apnea results in intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, which lead to and exacerbate obesity and type 2 diabetes by increasing sympathetic activity, oxidative stress, inflammation and lipolysis. Moreover, metabolic disease can lead to or exacerbate sleep apnea through weight-dependent and physiology-dependent mechanisms. Objective: The study aimed to explore the association between metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at Sleep Unit of Chest Department Benha University Hospitals. This study enrolled 100 patients that were divided into two groups: Group A, which included 80 patients with metabolic syndrome as cases and group B that included 20 patients without metabolic syndrome as control group. All patients included in this study were subjected to lipid profile, HbA1c, overnight polysomnography (PSG). Results: There was highly statistically significant positive correlation between apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and waist circumference, TG, HbA 1 C, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and sum all night desaturation. There was highly statistically significant negative correlation between AHI and HDL and minimal SPO 2 . TG, HDL, Hb A1C and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significant predictors for increase AHI and increase OSA severity. Conclusion: which is associated with increasing severity of OSA. Also, it is associated with poorer control of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which are all components of metabolic syndrome.