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Leukocyte migration inhibition responses to MCF-7, murine mammary tumor virus, and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in a series of cancer patients.

Abstract Previous reports have shown that breast cancer patients have exhibited leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) responses to antigenic preparations of the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, murine mammary tumor virus (MTV), and the T-antigen (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen), a precursor of the M and N blood group system. We have previously demonstrated significant responses by breast cancer patients to the two antigens, MCF-7 and MTV. Springer has shown a high frequency of responses in breast cancer patients to the T-antigen (TAg). We have measured the LMIT to MCF-7, MTV, and TAg in patients with primary breast cancer and in patients with other cancers (colorectal, head and neck, and melanoma). The LMIT to concanavalin A was used to ensure an adequate capacity to generate a response in individual patients. The majority of the cancer patients gave a normal LMIT to concanavalin A. In this study, we observed a significant response to the TAg in patients with primary breast cancer. This occurred mainly in patients with regionally advanced disease, 38% of whom responded, and less so in patients with Stage I and II disease. None of the other types of cancer patients responded to TAg. We did find a lower frequency of responses in the breast cancer patients to MCF-7 and MTV than that we have reported previously. This may be due to differences in antigen preparations or possibly patient populations. The response rate to MCF-7 was distinctly related to timing of surgery, was lowest during the first and second postoperative months, and returned to the preoperative level at 6 months. There was a high degree of correlation among the paired responses to MCF-7, MTV, and TAg in the breast cancer patients, possibly suggesting the presence of cross-reacting antigens in the preparations tested. The response to the TAg, although lower than that reported by Springer et al. [Cancer (Phila.), 45: 2949–2954, 1980] suggests promise as a probe in the immunological evaluation of breast cancer.