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No Massive Black Hole in Cygnus X-3

There has been a recent suggestion that Cyg X-3 contains a black hole (BH) of mass M1 ~ 17 M☉. This interpretation is closely linked to a previous claim that Cyg X-3 contains a Wolf-Rayet star of mass M2 ~ 10 M☉. The latter interpretation would imply that the X-ray source in this close binary (P = 4.8 hr) is enshrouded by a relatively cool superstrong wind with Ṁ≥10−5 M☉ yr-1. It can be shown that such a wind would be completely opaque to the low-energy X-rays observed from the source, and hence the Wolf-Rayet hypothesis cannot be a correct one. By pursuit of the same argument, it also follows that the compact object must be of modest mass, ruling out the existence of a massive BH in Cyg X-3. Note, however, that at present we cannot strictly rule out the probable existence of a stellar-mass BH in Cyg X-3 or any other X-ray binary that is believed to contain a neutron star as the compact object. Yet a more probable scenario for Cyg X-3 would be one where the compact object is a canonical neutron star and the companion is an extremely low mass dwarf, M2 ~ 10-2 M☉, much like PSR 1957+20.