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Climate Change Threatens a Fig-Frugivore Mutualism at its Drier, Western Range Margin

Ficus rubiginosa (the Rusty Fig; Moraceae) provides a keystone food resource for a diverse array of vertebrate frugivores in eastern Australia. These frugivores, in turn, provide vital seed-dispersal services to the fig. The aims of this study were to investigate impacts of population size and climatic variation on avian-frugivore visitation to F. rubiginosa at the extreme western, drier margin of the species’ range. Eighty-two bird species visited F. rubiginosa trees in this three-year study. Twenty-nine species were frugivores or omnivorous frugivore/insectivores. The number of ripe fruit in a tree had the greatest positive influence on frugivore visitation ( p F. rubiginosa and likely reduce the viability of local populations of this keystone fig. This will threaten the mutualism between F. rubiginosa and frugivores across the region.