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[Sonography of the thyroid].

According to its superficial anatomical location the thyroid gland is easily accessible by sonography. Ultrasound is a reliable examination to detect various pathologies of the thyroid gland and it should always be combined with a sonography of the surrounding soft tissues and vessels. Sonography allows an exact documentation of the size, volume and parenchymal echostructure of the thyroid gland as well as detection of various diffuse and focal abnormalities of the gland itself and of the surrounding structures. The presented article gives an overview of the sonographic diagnoses and differential diagnoses of various diffuse and focal pathologies of the thyroid gland as well as some recommendations regarding their possible further diagnostic approach.