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Phase and bandwidth enhancement of reconfigurable reflectarray antennas with slots embedded patch

Reflectarray is a high gain antenna that consists of microstrip patches printed on a thin dielectric substrate which is backed by a ground plane. Its individual elements are designed to scatter the incident field with proper phase required to form a planar phase surface in front of the periodic array of the aperture [1]. The design techniques commonly used such as identical patches of variable-length stubs, square patches of variable sizes, and identical planar elements of variable rotation offer a very high efficiency for a very large aperture to be tilted in a large angle [2] while the main shortcomings are the narrow bandwidth and high loss performance [3, 4]. The restricted bandwidth is largely attributed to the differential spatial phase delay which is due to extended path length between the feed and the reflectarray, and the phase errors related to the change in patch size [5]. In this work different slot configurations in the patches of the reflectarray designed at 10 GHz are introduced to achieve progressive phase distribution with fixed patch size but variable slot dimensions. In this design, a linear static phase range close to 360° is achieved for a single layer reflectarray without varying the size of patch elements. The design also gives an additional advantage of enhanced bandwidth and reduces the phase errors when compared with other design techniques.