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Beam‐steering of millimeter wave antenna using linear phase gradient metalens for 5G applications

In this article, a transmissive metasurface has been designed using five different types of unit cells with linearly varying phase for 5G communication system operating at 28 GHz. The phase gradient profile is responsible for alteration of transmission phase of electromagnetic waves at each unit cell, which causes tilting of the radiated beam when vertically placed above a microstrip patch antenna. Passive beam‐steering from −30 to +30° is achieved with the change in orientation of the metasurface which reverses the sequence of unit cells. This novel technique is an efficient means of beam‐steering, which does not require the employment of active elements or bulky multilayered structures. The proposed antenna operating at the same frequency as that of the phase shifting surface exhibits 2 dB gain enhancement when integrated with it. A prototype has been fabricated and measured as a proof of concept. The measured results are consistent with the full–wave simulation results.