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Flux propagation in lightpipes: further development of the flux confinement diagram

An analytical model of flux propagation in light pipes, termed the flux confinement diagram (FCD), is further developed and applied. The construction of the FCD is reviewed. Non-planar surface geometries, non-constant cross-sectional geometries, and non-rectangular cross sectional geometries are examined with the FCD. It is shown that in the limit of a circular cross section the predictions of the FCD match the theory for large core fibers. Additionally, the angular propagation space defined by the FCD is explored further to describe the redistribution of propagating flux after a sudden change in geometry, such as a bend. This analysis is used to explore total internal reflection (TIR) at light pipe output surfaces. The implications of analytical modeling with the FCD on light pipe design are discussed.