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Forming a Moral Conscience at School

This chapter reviews the case of the Protestant Gymnasium in Toruń at the turn of the seventeenth century and this is illustrated through the work of Franz Tidike. It describes Tidike as an eclectic figure of physician and philosopher that shifted the teaching of ethics in a moralistic direction. It also refers to the notion of consciousness that emerged as pivotal in an atmosphere of intense competition with the Jesuits, and in search of continuity with the Erasmian and Melanchthonian intellectual and religious legacy. The chapter analyzes progress towards maturity that was entrusted to constant meditation on texts dealing with moral improvement by classical and Christian writers, which made the learning of ethics a daily exercise of self-analysis and self-control. It recounts the dissipation of homogeneity and traditionalism by an examination of the academic practices implemented on the basis of the Aristotelian texts in the individual schools of the Kingdom of Poland.