{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.05350553505535055, 'fraction_numerical': 0.025830258302583026, 'mean_word_length': 4.9021739130434785, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Novel therapeutic approaches to chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem that affects 10–16% of the general adult population in Asia, Europe, Australia and the USA [1–6]. Progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains a major clinical problem, and there are currently over a million patients worldwide on dialysis, with the number continuing to increase by ∼7% yearly [7]. Dialysis is expensive, costing ∼£30 000 per patient per year in the UK [8]. Furthermore, survival once on dialysis is poor.