{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.022376543209876542, 'fraction_numerical': 0.010802469135802469, 'mean_word_length': 5.032558139534884, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Nonlinear growth functions for modeling tree height–diameter relationships for Gmelina arborea (Roxb.) in south-west Nigeria

Tree height–diameter relationship can be used as an important input component in forest growth and yield models, and description of stand dynamics. Five nonlinear growth functions were fitted to tree height–diameter data of a 21-year-old Gmelina arborea plantation in Ibadan, Nigeria. The data consisted of three sets obtained in 2004, 2008 and 2011 for total tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH). According to the model statistics, the five growth functions fitted the data equally well, but resulted in different asymptote estimates. Modified exponential fit was observed to give the best fit for the three data sets based on least square error, coefficient of determination and significance. The predicted values follow the same nonlinear pattern and formed close to the line of best fit without much outlier. The result of this study revealed that the ability of DBH in determining height is not strong enough based on the model's goodness of fit and the model's ability for predictive purposes. Hence, more variables such as age, crown area and soil fertility were recommended to be incorporated in future prediction of the tree height in the study area.