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Seedling establishment and regeneration in a harvested Eucalyptus plantation at Maragamuwa, Naula, Sri Lanka

The first year of secondary succession in a harvested Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation near Maragamuwa village, Naula, was examined to see the possible effect of distance from the adjacent relatively undisturbed mature forest on the form and composition of natural regeneration after removal of eucalypts.  Composition, relative densities and absolute abundance were examined in cleared 40, 20 × 20 m 2 quadrats placed in eight 1 ha blocks in two types of locations: harvested eucalypt plantation away from the natural forest (MP) and harvested  blocks next to the natural forest (MT), and compared with 20 similar sized quadrats sampled in the adjacent mature forest (NF).  Relative density values for MT and MP were compared with the adjacent NF using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.  A total of 11,207 individuals from 77 species were recorded per hectare in MP, while 11,658 individuals/ha from 61 species were recorded from MT and 5,925   individuals/ha  from 39 species in  NF. Relative densities of seedlings in MP and MT were significantly different from NF ( p p>0.05 ). Most individuals in MP and MT were 1-100 cm tall. Species composition suggests the basis for seral succession, with the cleared and distant MP plots having most non-forest species, and a high abundance per species compared with the MT plots adjacent to the mature forest. Natural forest  plots had fewer individuals in each family or species, and a far lower density of the lianas typical of the first stages of colonization. In the first year of succession, there were indications of a distance effect in blocks adjacent to forest sites.