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The French Workers' Movement since 1945

That three books about the French labor movement in the 1970s and 1980s all have the word crisis in the title can hardly be a coincidence. The prolonged re cession, which began with the oil embargo of 1973 and shows no signs of abat ing, found the French labor movement ill-equipped in terms of strategy and unable to devise appropriate policies. The result has been the demobilization and disillusionment of the working class and the decline of trade union organi zations despite the victory of the left in the elections of 1981. There is a double irony in this outcome. Part of the failure of the French labor movement, as these books assert, was due to its excessive reliance on politics. French unions pursued a "maximalist" strategy, disdaining compromise and failing to devise a policy appropriate to the economy because they believed the crisis to be polit ical and its solution dependent upon radical change on the governmental level. Yet when radical political change appeared imminent in the elections of 1978 the French Communist party shrank back from the prospect of power and adopted tactics which resulted in the defeat of the left. Moreover, the PCF continued its divisive policies through the elections of 1981, weakening itself in the process and insuring that when the Socialists did win they would govern without needing the Communists, who were relegated to a subordinate role. Thus the unions failed their workers doubly, on the shop floor and, through