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CANDU pressure tube leak detection by annulus gas dew point measurement: a critical review

Abstract In the event of a pressure tube leak from a small through-wall crack during CANDU reactor operations, there is a regulatory requirement – referred to as Leak Before Break (LBB) – for the licensee to demonstrate that there will be sufficient time for the leak to be detected and the reactor shut down before the crack grows to the critical size for fast-uncontrolled rupture. In all currently operating CANDU reactors, worldwide, this LBB requirement is met via continuous dew point measurements of the CO2 gas circulating in the reactor's Annulus Gas System (AGS). In this paper the historical development and current status of this leak detection capability is reviewed and the use of moisture injection tests as a verification procedure is critiqued. It is concluded that these tests do not represent AGS conditions that are to be expected in the event of a real pressure tube leak.