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Comparison of voltage control methods in distribution systems using Q-V based PI and droop controls of solar inverters

The increasing penetration of photovoltaic power generation in distribution systems causes serious voltage management issues. To mitigate the voltage variations due to solar generation intermittency, this paper introduces a PI-based reactive power control method of PV inverters. The proposed PI controller adjusts the reactive power injection of the solar inverters dynamically to drive the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) to a target value. The simulation studies are performed to evaluate the proposed PI-based reactive power control using the IEEE 34 test feeder for a 24-hour period in OpenDSS and Matlab. The performance of the proposed PI controller is compared to the conventional PV inverter controls with no reactive power generation and with the Q-V-based droop control at different penetration levels. The case studies demonstrate that the proposed PI-based voltage control method reduces effectively the voltage deviations at the PCC of the PV inverters. The voltage profiles under the proposed PI controller have narrower variation bands compared with the conventional PV reactive power control methods particularly at high penetration levels of solar generation.