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Effect of orthognathic surgery on masticatory performance and muscle activity in skeletal Class III patients

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of double jaw orthognathic surgery (OGS) on masticatory performance and electromyographic activity of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles in skeletal Class III patients. Methods: Individuals were instructed to chew standardized round tablets of silicone impression material. The cumulative weight percentage was calculated using sieve analysis. The bilateral surface electromyographic activity of the muscles was evaluated. Following the orthodontic treatment, a stabilization splint was fabricated. Patients were instructed to wear it full-time until the surgical procedure occurred. Recordings were performed before the splint application (T0), after the splint application (T1), 1 month after the OGS (T2), and 6–8 months after the OGS (T3). Results: Median particle size of the chewed silicone material did not differ from T0 to T1 with the use of an occlusal splint (p > 0.05). However, it decreased from 9.46 to 6.92 cm from T2 to T3. From T0 to T3, a statistically significant decrease was found, following the surgical intervention (p < 0.01). A significant decrease in masticatory muscle activity was also observed during the relaxation test from T0 to T3, at which time it reached the control group value. Discussion: OGS enhanced masticatory function by improving occlusion in individuals with a dentofacial deformity.