{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.016756433273488927, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.406130268199234, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
REVISITING DIRECT DISPOSAL OF DUAL-PURPOSE CANISTER SYSTEMS

As operational dates for many geologic repositories for commercial used nuclear fuel continue to be pushed out further into the future, many countries, including the United States, will see inventories of high capacity dualpurpose canister systems (DPCs) continue to grow. Planning for disposal in these countries must address this reality as part of a holistic approach to an integrated used fuel management system. While repackaging of used fuel in smaller waste packages for disposal is an option, the ability to directly dispose of loaded dual-purpose storage systems would clearly be advantageous to minimize undue radiological exposure to workers and overall management costs. By contrast, if direct disposal of these systems is unacceptable from a long-term safety viewpoint, this will drive disposal systems to include repackaging as a major activity. As part of a two-decade program on repository postclosure performance assessment, EPRI evaluated the feasibility and consequences of direct DPC disposal with respect to long-term performance of a U.S. repository for commercial used nuclear fuel at Yucca Mountain in Nevada. This paper reviews the general approach taken by EPRI in evaluating the feasibility of direct disposal of DPCs, focusing on future applicability. Overall, EPRI found no fundamental technical show stoppers that would categorically preclude direct disposal of DPCs for the unsaturated, open repository environment design evaluted. Direct diposal of large capacity DPCs can and should be considered and evaluated as part of an optimized, integrated used fuel management strategy.