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The Political Economy of the Latin American Motor Vehicle Industry . Edited by Rich Kronish and Kenneth S. Mericle. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1984. xvi + 314 pp. $30.00.)

At least Breen has chronology on his side. What happened in the American West happened also in the Canadian West, but at a later date. There was perhaps a decade's worth of difference. Breen discussed Canada's open-range period (1874-96), the confrontation of cattlemen and farmers (1896-1911), and finally the cattlemen's ascendancy in the Prairie West (1911-24). The principal distinction between the histories of the Canadian and American range-cattle industries, chronology aside, is to be found in the role of government and the resulting divergent policies affecting land tenure. In Canada, national government controlled land occupancy much more vigorously than did government in the United States, and cattlemen north of the border were thus subject to greater scrutiny and regulation. Both governments believed that their western lands should be reserved for small farmers; but Canadian policies evolved in a systematic manner, and Canadian government made a concerted effort in behalf of farmers, in contrast to the helter-skelter method suggested by the Homestead Act and subsequent legislative emendations. Neither government could be said to know exactly what it was doing in its portion of the West, given the limitations of the land as compared to the needs of farmers, but Canadian policies at least exhibited a semblance of forethought and planning. Cattlemen, for their part, confronted similar problems in both Wests and responded to them in similar ways. Notable in this regard is the corresponding development of stockmen's associations to represent the interests of the respective industries, in the face of competition from small farmers for rangeland and the occasional interference of government in the cattle business. Breen's book will interest and inform anyone concerned with the comparative study of the livestock industry in Canada and the United States. In the context of Canadian historiography, it is undeniably a contribution. Breen's greatest sin of omission derives from his failure to document adequately the activities of those cattlemen (most of them Britons) who operated on both sides of the border. The British and American archives whose resources could amplify the matter do not appear to have been consulted. That, however, is a small issue; and raising it might have called in question Breen's interpretation, which, in its appeal to Canadian nationalism and cultural integrity, seems sadly to confirm Webb's notions about inflating a small thing for wholly enthnocentric reasons.