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Rifampicin in neonatal ventriculitis

ABSTRACT. A premature neonate is presented who developed ventriculitis complicating the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. This failed to respond to standard antibiotic therapy but responded dramatically to oral rifampicin. Bactericidal levels of rifampicin were achieved in the cerebrospinal fluid and it is suggested rifampicin might be considered for the treatment of ventriculitis due to other organisms, including Listeria monocytogenes and fungi. This would appear to be the first report of the successful use of oral rifampicin in ventriculitis, and its first use in a neonate.