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Galectin‐3‐binding protein: A multitask glycoprotein with innate immunity functions in viral and bacterial infections

Galectin‐3‐binding protein (Gal‐3BP) is a ubiquitous and multifunctional secreted glycoprotein originally identified and mainly studied in the context of neoplastic transformation and cancer progression. However, Gal‐3BP expression is induced in viral infection and by a multitude of molecules that either mimic or are characteristic for an ongoing inflammation and microbial infection, such as IFN‐α, IFN‐β, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, poly(I:C), dsRNA, and dsDNA. Furthermore, Gal‐3BP belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine‐rich (SRCR) domain‐containing protein family, by virtue of its N‐terminal SRCR domain. The SRCR domain is found in soluble or membrane‐associated innate immunity‐related proteins and is implicated in self‐nonself discrimination. This review summarizes the current knowledge of structural features of Gal‐3BP and its proposed intracellular and extracellular innate immunity functions with special emphasis on viral and bacterial infections.