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[Lobar emphysema: differential diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)].

Lobar emphysema with acute severe respiratory distress is predominately seen in early infancy while the few cases after one year of age usually show signs of recurrent respiratory infection. Several conditions causing increased transparency on one side of the chest x-ray must be be differentiated. In case of emergency the simple chest x-ray must be sufficient for diagnosis. In this situation even the performance of a diagnostic thoracotomy can become necessary. The removal of the affected lobe is the treatment of choice. 6 cases of lobar emphysema are reported.