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Pathology Residency Open-House Events

Abstract Objectives Due to the continued impact of coronovirus 2019 (COVID-19), residency programs were advised to offer virtual interviews in place of traditional in-person interviews for the 2021 match recruitment season. As a result, many pathology residency programs offered preinterview virtual open-house events to meet prospective applicants before the interview season. This article aims to understand applicants’ perspective on those events during the residency recruitment season of 2020 to 2021. Methods We performed a cross-sectional survey-based study involving 95 pathology residency applicants. Results Our results demonstrated that applicants generally have a positive perception of open house events; 91% found virtual open-house events beneficial, 63.2% attended open-house events for programs they were not considering applying to. Considering the high number of offered virtual open house events, 17% of applicants felt overwhelmed by attendance and 30% felt obligated to attend. Conclusions This brief report demonstrates the generally positive impact of these events.


Results
Conclusions: This brief report demonstrates the generally positive impact of these events.
With the continued impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) released a recommendation in May 2020 1 encouraging medical schools and hospitals to exclusively perform virtual interviews for the residency match in place of traditional in-person interviews. 2 This situation has led departments to shift focus to improve their websites' content and freshen up their social media presence, particularly on Twitter. As a result, there was a notable increase in pathology departments' presence on Twitter, relevant hashtags (eg, #Path2Path, #PathMatch21), and other online activities involving and supporting medical students interested in pursuing pathology as a future career. 3 There were 138 pathology residency programs listed on the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) in the match season 2020 to 2021 4 ; of these, at least 87 programs have Twitter accounts. Interestingly, 35% (29/87) of accounts were created between August and October of 2020 (based on a manual search done by the authors using Twitter). 5 These accounts have been used to introduce and promote pathology residency programs to match applicants. Several creative recruitment activities were introduced, including featuring faculty and residents on Twitter pages, video tours of program facilities, prerecorded interviews with program faculty and residents, and even prerecorded songs to promote residency programs. Additionally, pathology programs arranged and promoted preinterview events (virtual open-house events) to meet prospective pathology applicants and answer their questions using various video conferencing modalities. Multiple formats were used, including different styles of meetings (one big panel discussion vs break-out rooms with smaller groups) and involving various program members (residents only vs faculty only vs both). Almost 45 (33% of the total programs listed on ERAS) have arranged preinterview virtual open-house events, with nearly 80 events organized between August and October of 2020 and some programs setting multiple events on different dates.

Material and Methods
This article aims to understand the impact of preinterview interaction (virtual open-house events) on applicants during the residency recruitment season of 2020 to 2021. To achieve that, we performed a cross-sectional survey-based study involving pathology residency applicants. The electronic survey was created using Google Forms and distributed using social media outlets (WhatsApp and Twitter pathology interest groups) and emails.  Table 1 includes all the survey questions and their choices (all supplemental materials can be found at American Journal of Clinical Pathology online). The survey was distributed starting in the middle of October through the middle of November 2020. All responses were anonymous and participation was completely voluntary.

Results
A total of 95 pathology residency applicants filled the survey. This represents around 10% of the current applicants. 6 Participants were from different medical backgrounds, including allopathic MDs (24%), osteopathic DOs (10%), and international medical graduates (IMGs; 65%). The distribution of participants was similar to ERAS reported data, which showed that out of 1,250 total applicants, 72% are IMGs, 22% are allopathic MDs, and 6% osteopathic DOs. Almost (80%) of survey participants knew about preinterview virtual events (open houses) through Twitter, with a few others who knew about the events through program websites, email, or word of mouth. Moreover, the majority of the participating applicants attended more than 5 events, with 44 (46.3%) who attended 5 to 10 open houses and 35 (36.8%) who attended more than 10 open houses ❚Table 1❚. Additionally, most participants (85%) preferred virtual open houses that included both faculty and residents rather than any group alone or just an updated residency program website.
Results show that the majority of the participants had a favorable impression regarding open-house events. For instance, when asked to assess how beneficial virtual open houses were by a Likert scale (5 = very beneficial), the mean Likert score was 4.67 (range, [3][4][5]. Discussing the residency program curriculum (schedule) and the educational opportunities were the 2 most beneficial areas selected by participants. Additionally, the results showed that most participants believed that the virtual open houses were able to provide information on the program's collegiality.
Interestingly, 60 participants (63.2%) attended virtual open houses for programs they were not considering applying for, out of which 57 participants (95%) were influenced to consider applying to those programs.

Discussion
Overall, the results of this research showed that the pathology residency program open-house events seemed to have a predominantly positive response by those who attended. The results demonstrated that the open-house events were able to help the applicants explore the different programs and prepare applicants for the virtual interview match season. The results of this study are encouraging for programs to continue these recruitment activities. However, few considerations suggested by the results proposed spacing out open-house events by possibly starting early in the match season to prevent overlapping and avoid overwhelming applicants with many events in a short period of time.
A small sample size limits results of this analysis; however, the distribution of applicant type mirrors the overall applicant pool. This limited response might be due (in part) that the survey was distributed on the same venues used to promote open houses (ie, social media and email), introducing a selection bias. COVID-19 has changed the paradigm in many aspects of medical education, including trainee recruitment. With the uncertainty of how long the COVID-19 pandemic impact will last, further studies are needed to investigate and improve the current practices and their educational value for potential trainees.
Virtual open houses show promise as a unique way of interacting with residency programs and might be useful for programs even after the pandemic is over. It is unclear whether the next match season will follow a similar pattern to the current season; nevertheless, the impact will likely last due to the logistical and financial benefits that the virtual interviews offer for programs and applicants. Future studies will have to address these questions, particularly after the results of the current virtual season. Studies with larger sample size and a diverse respondents background with a similar distribution to the actual match applicants are needed to identify the existing gaps to fill in for the upcoming match seasons. Institutions such as the AAMC and the National Resident Matching Program, among others, should invest in their access to data to help the medical education community better assess the impact of the pandemic on the residency recruitment process.