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Encyclopedia of Image Processing

Image registration, which aims at transforming images to match or align their correspondences, has many applications in biomedical image processing. These applications include, but are not limited to, image and structure alignment for motion correction, compensation of spatial and/or temporal variations in anatomy and variations in position or field of view, as well as image reconstruction and analysis, atlas construction, and automatic image segmentation. A typical registration algorithm has four main components: a transformation model, a correspondence basis, an interpolation method, and an optimization technique. Among these, the choices of the transformation model and the correspondence basis are particularly important due to the wide range of applications, their implications, and the nature of geometric and photometric differences between images. This chapter provides an algorithmic overview of biomedical image registration with a focus on its components and a brief discussion of its applications and validation. Some key references are provided to guide further reading.