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The Phonemic System of Agar Dinka

Research on the Dinka language has a relatively long history, some of the major contributions being Mitterrutzner 1866, Beltrame 1880, Nebel 1936 (revised edition 1979), Tucker 1939, Nebel 1948, Tucker 1981 and Malou 1983. In spite of this the phonology of Dinka has remained a problem, especially with regard to vowels and tones. Fifty years ago it was recognized that the vowel system of Dinka has some features that appear to be typologically unusual, viz. voice quality contrasts and more than two degrees of contrastive length, but so far the exact nature of the system has not been uncovered. Less surprisingly, the tone system has largely been ignored. For some dialects, moreover, there are also problems in defining the set of consonant contrasts in syllable-final position. The lack of an adequate phonological description has in turn been an obstacle to an adequate description of morphology, äs a major part of the latter is realized by means of root-internal vowel, tone and consonant alternations. In this article I present the results of my own research on the phonology of one Dinka dialect, Agar, which is spoken in the Rumbek area in the Southern Sudan. After an outline of word and syllable structure, I deal with the Systems of consonants, vowels and tones in that order.