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The spectrum of immunologic sensitization in latex allergy

Natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy is a type I respiratory hypersensitivity recognized in individuals exposed to latex allergens (1±9). This form of hypersensitivity has affected a large number of individuals in recent years and has become an important health concern in several occupational groups, including health-care workers, workers in the latex factories, and plantation workers tapping Hevea brasiliensis trees and collecting and processing latex (1, 3, 7, 10). It is assumed that the sensitization usually occurs through skin contact with latex or inhalation of antigen from latex gloves and devices containing allergens (11, 12). In hospitals and other health-care facilities, these products include gloves, balloons, barium enema catheters, tubing, and other accessories (13). However, recent evidence indicates that the exposure to latex allergen results from proteins bound to cornstarch powder used as a lubricant in latex gloves (11, 12).