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Novel Aqueous Biphasic System Using Poly(Ionic Liquid)s with Controllable Structure for Highly Efficient Extractions.

Ionic liquids (ILs) based aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) provide a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional liquid-liquid extraction techniques, and can be used for the extraction, recovery, and purification of diverse solutes. Yet constructing a high-performance ABS showing excellent phase splitting ability and extraction performance remains challenging. In this work, we proposed a family of novel ABSs based on poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) with the customized structure and controllable molecular weight for bioactive compound extraction. Several tailor-made PILs consisting of hydrophobic backbone, hydrophilic imidazolium pendant groups and strong hydrogen bond basic counter-anions were prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization that perfectly balance their hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity and functionality, affording outstanding phase splitting ability, which was better than both IL monomer and normal free radical polymer.  More importantly, PIL-based ABSs exhibited unprecedented high partition coefficient for six bioactive compounds, tryptophan, phenylalanine, etc. , as well as high extraction yield. The performance of PIL-based ABSs could be tuned by changing the PIL features, i.e. molecular weight and anionic character. This work not only reveals tailor-made PIL-based ABSs are promising platform for bioactive compound extraction, but also provides significant clues for the design of new ABSs for various applications.