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Systemic inflammation and comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The relationship between systemic inflammation and comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. This article discusses (1) the prevalence and clinical impact of comorbidities in COPD; (2) the current knowledge on definition, prevalence, consequences, and treatment of systemic inflammation in COPD; and (3) the relationship of systemic inflammation and lung cancer in COPD.