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Effects of Gibberellic Acid Application on Panicle Characteristics and Size of Shoot Apex in the First Bract Differentiation Stage in Rice

The number of spikelets in a panicle is an important factor in determining the yield of rice. Spikelet differentiation in a panicle is stimulated by gibberellic acid applied at the spikelet differentiation stage (Shimizu, 1965; Shimizu et al., 1966; Kawai et al., 1989; Matsuba, 1991; Yamagishi et al., 1994). Matsuba (1991) mentioned that the observation of fully branched panicles treated with gibberellin would be necessary to understand the potential of panicle growth. The effect of gibberellic acid may be attributed to the increase in cell division in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) at the spikelet differentiation stage. Therefore, we examined the effect of applied gibberellic acid (GA3 ) on SAM at the first bract differentiation stage microscopically and its relation to the panicle characteristics.