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In vivo study: Th1–Th17 reduction in pristane‐induced systemic lupus erythematosus mice after treatment with tolerogenic Lactobacillus probiotics

Uncontrolled inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could cause dysfunction in multiple organs. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are a main branch of inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of SLE, and by producing interleukin 17 (IL‐17), represent a major functional tool in the progression of inflammation. Animal models provide a special field for better studies of the pathogenesis of diseases. Tolergenic probiotics could decrease inflammation in autoimmune diseases by modulating the immune system and maintaining homeostasis. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii on Th17 cells and their related mediators in a pristane‐induced BALB/c mice model of SLE. The mice were divided into pretreatment groups, which received probiotics or prednisolone at Day 0, and treatment groups, which received probiotics and prednisolone 2 months after injection. The presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti‐double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA), and anti‐ribonucleoprotein (anti‐RNP) and lipogranuloma was evaluated; also, the population of Th1–Th17 cells as well as interferon γ (IFN‐γ), IL‐17, and IL‐10 levels, and the expression of RAR‐related orphan related receptor gamma (RORγt) and IL‐17 were determined. We observed that probiotics and prednisolone could delay SLE in pretreatment and treatment mice groups, with a reduction in ANA, anti‐dsDNA, anti‐RNP, and mass of lipogranuloma. Probiotics and prednisolone decreased the population of Th1–Th17 cells and reduced IFN‐γ and IL‐17 as inflammatory cytokines in the pretreatment and treatment groups in comparison with SLE‐induced mice. Our results indicated that, due to their anti‐inflammatory properties and reduction of Th17, Th1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells, the use of these probiotics could probably represent a new tool for the better management of SLE.