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Effects of the systemic administration of omega -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on experimental periodontitis (immunological analysis for rat’s serum)

Previous studies had been reported that IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα were associated with various bacterial infections, including periodontitis. The present study was aimed to investigate and evaluate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on ligature induced periodontitis in rats through the immunological analysis for rat’s serum level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The periodontitis was induced for the studied animals by ligation around the upper central incisor. Twenty-five animals were used as a control and gavaged by water only, and one hundred animals with the induced periodontitis were divided into four equal groups according to the treatment used: Water, scaling/root planing (SRP), 60mg/kg EPA, and SRP together with EPA. Blood was taken by cardiac puncture, three hours after ligation removal (day zero), 24 hours, three days, one week and two weeks for immunological analysis. The result showed that the treatment of the induced periodontitis by SRP together with 60mg/kg EPA cause a significant decrease in serum IL1β after 24 hours from the treatment, but a significant decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α were seen after three hours in comparison with the periodontitis group treated by water only. As a conclusion from this study, the treatment of periodontitis by SRP together with EPA is better than SRP or EPA each one alone.