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[Clinical characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection in pediatric liver transplantation recipients].

Objective: To explore the clinical features and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection in pediatric liver transplantation recipients and discuss the significance of CRE colonization by screening with rectal swabs. Methods: A total of 286 cases of pediatic liver transplantation recipients, who came from Tianjin First Central Hospital during August 1,2017 to August 1, 2018, were retrospectively investigated. The clinical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibity test, treatment outcomes and prognosis of CRE infection patients were analyzed. CRE colonization were screened by rectal swabs after liver transplantation. All cases were divided into CRE colonization group and non-CRE colonization group based on CRE colonization results. The high risk factors of CRE colonization and its relationship with CRE infection were investigated. χ(2) test was used for the comparison between groups.The single-factor analysis was used to screen risk factors. Results: The 286 cases included 132 male and 154 female cases. The age was (8±4) months.CRE infection rate after liver transplantation was 7.3% (21/286). The time of CRE infection was the 5(th) (1(th)-14(th)) days after transplantation. Abdominal infection was the most common (95.2%, 20/21), followed by bloodstream infection (12 cases) and pulmonary infection (8 cases). Infection in two or more sites accounted for 71.4% (15/21); 27 CRE strains, in which 24 strains were carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (88.9%), 2 strains were carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (7.4%) and one strain was carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter aerogenes (3.7%). The drug resistance rate of CRE strains to carbapenems, penicillin antibiotics, second-and third-generation cephalosporin was 100.0%. Medication treatment included meropenem+fosfomycin (13 cases) and meropenem+tegacycline (8 cases). The treatment was effective in 16 cases and the time was 19 (1-27) d. The 1-year survival rate among CRE infection group and non-CRE infection group were 71.4% (15/21) and 98.1% (260/265), respectively (χ(2)=37.460, P<0.01). CRE infection rate among CRE colonization group and non-CRE colonization group were 26.4% (19/72) and 0.9% (2/214), respectively (χ(2)=51.300, P<0.01). Factors before transplantation, including third-generation cephalosporin or carbapenems exposure, prolonged hospital stay within 3 months, CRE infection, and factors after transplantation, including emergency surgery, mechanical ventilation more than 24 hours (χ(2)=20.570, 6.411, 13.960, 14.600, 9.560, all P<0.01) were high risk factors for CRE colonization. Conclusions: The prognosis of CRE infection after pediatric liver transplantation is poor. Timely diagnosis and treatment are of great importance. Much attention should be paid on CRE rectal colonization and its risk factors. Screening of CRE colonization is important for early warning and control of CRE infection.