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Forward modeling to study topography effects on EM signal using FEM

In electromagnetic (EM) geophysical surveys the most revealing description of EM distortion occurs due to heterogeneity of medium. Prior to determine EM field behavior for stratified earth model, there is need to understand EM field behavior for topography and single interface model. This study involve ingle interface model which embodies two very different situations of conductive and non-conductive half space using finite-element (FE) method. The efficient and accurate modeling is used to calculate the EM field at interface with topography of layered media. The finite element algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and results obtained are also discussed in this chapter.