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Illusion and Reality A Review of Ranajit Guha. 1983. Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India, Calcutta: Oxford University Press, pp.361. Rs.140

The book under review was the forerunner of Subaltern Studies, four volumes of which, edited by Ranjit Guha, have been published during 1982-85. The contributions to Subaltern Studies differ on their own merit, but the contributors are stated by the editor as representing what is now identified as the Subaltern School, a recent happening in Indian historiography. The unifying principles of the School are acknowledged to be found in the book under review. This accords a special status to the book and calls for a more detailed examination than is usual. Therefore, the following review of the book has taken the form of a review article. The second half of the twentieth century has witnessed a tremendous expansion of the information space on the structure, function, and processes in different configurations of human society. This has affected the rigidity and isolation of the social science 'disciplines' which were formed at an earlier state of expansion of the informa tion space for a precise appraisal of social reality from different perspectives. The mutually distinct 'disciplines', thus emerged from about the middle of the nineteenth century in particular, are now turning into specializations on the common theme of relations among human beings with reference to material and mental resources and products. In this course of accumulation of knowledge, the boundary maintenance of the 'disciplines' in terms of 'interdisciplinary' research, and from the 1970s the identities of the 'disciplines' are becoming blurred with the advocacy of 'transdisciplinary' research. The book under review belongs to this latest effort, as made by a historian. The relations among human beings with reference to material and mental resources and products are observable or easily deducible in terms of culture which bears Tylor's (1898:1-1) classical definition of "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief,