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Ultraviolet fluorescence spectroscopy of blood plasma in the discrimination of cancer from normal

Native fluorescence spectroscopy of biomolecules has emerged as an intrinsic parameter in the characterization of the physiological state and the discrimination of pathological from normal conditions of cells and tissues. The key fluorescing biomolecules inc ells and tissues ar tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, collagen, elastin, NADH, flavin and porphyrin. Extensive studies were made on tissues of various origin to discriminate the malignancy from normal. The differences in the fluorescence emission spectra have been shown to separate benign and malignant tissues. In the present work, a pilot study was carried out on the characterization of blood plasma of both normal and cancerous subjects. The blood plasma was separated by centrifuging the blood and it was diluted in PBS by adjusting the O.D. to 0.5 at 280 nm. This diluted sample as excited in the UV region between 250-340 nm. Among the various excitation wavelengths, emission spectrum at 300 nm excitation has considerable difference between blood plasma of normal subjects and cancer patients. To quantify these differences and to verify if there is any diagnostic potential exists, the ratio of fluorescence intensities at 340 and 440 nm was calculated. It is found that the ratio value of normal blood plasma is less than 11 and for tumor, it is greater than 11. Besides, it is found that the ratio value of blood plasma from patients with cancer varies from 11 to 28, depending upon the stage of malignancy.