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Sound field variability and mode coupling in the presence of internal Kelvin waves in Lake Kinneret, Israel

Spatiotemporal variability of the low- and mid-frequency sound field in the presence of internal Kelvin waves (IKWs) was studied theoretically and in experiment in Lake Kinneret, Israel. The experiments were done in 2021, where sound field was being recorded during two days (two periods of IKW) using two synchronized vertical line arrays (VLAs) of ten hydrophones each and 10 m between them, deployed in the center of the lake (depth ∼41 m). Wideband linearly frequency modulated sound signals (300Hz–7 kHz) were transmitted from the source deployed near the shore (depth ∼11 m, distance 5.5 km from VLA). IKWs were registered with thermistor strings together with CTD. Sound speed profile is characterized by the thermocline located between 15 and 20 m of the depth with sound speeds 1510 and 1480 m/s above and below the thermocline, respectively. The sound propagation modeling was done using a Parabolic Equation and Normal Modes approaches, considering the real parameters of the gas-saturated bottom and the bathymetry. Results show strong mode coupling along the acoustic track, initiating ∼12 dB variability of the sound intensity. Results of modeling are verified in the experiment. [This work was supported by RFBR, grant 20-55-S52005.]