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Super-heater tube failure due to overheating when using bagasse as fuel

A super-heater’s boiler tubes presented external longitudinal cracks. The tubes’ external surfaces presented a reddish-white layer consisting of paraffin chains: CH, functional groups: CO, NH and sulphur compounds. This brittle layer prevented heat transfer, thereby causing increased tube temperature. Creep led to failure due to long-term overheating. The steel tubes’ microstructure presented grain growth, cementite globulisation and intergranular cracks on the external surface. The foregoing observations support microstructure deterioration facilitated by the presence of unsuitable super-heater tube material when just using bagasse as fuel.