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A newly established cell culture from hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × Clarias macrocephalus) for screening toxicity of triphenyltin hydroxide

Three types of primary cell culture can be established from organs of hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus x Clarias macrocephalus) namely, caudal trunk, gill and liver. Cell cultures from caudal trunk and gill are composed of mixed cells of fibroblasts and epitheloids, whenever cell cultures from the liver are composed of fibroblastic cells only. All cultures grow well in either Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 15-20% fetal calf serum (FCS) or Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 5-20% FCS. The optimum growth temperature is 27 °C in an atmosphere either with or without 5% carbon dioxide. The diploid chromosome number as determined from the 19th passage of the caudal trunk cell culture is 56. The cell cultures can be stored at 4 °C for at least 2 months. Experiments were then performed to investigate the possibility of using the established catfish cell culture for screening toxicity of organotin pesticides (triphenyltin hydroxide, TPTH). The results show that the culture is highly suitable for the purpose. The effect of TPTH on cell culture is recognized at a concentration of 3 μm l -1 when cell detachment is used as the test criterion. Established cell culture from hybrid catfish has a great potential as a powerful tool in tropical aquatic toxicology as a method of screening chemicals prior to in vivo testing.