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Nonspherical Mirrors In X-Ray Optics

The physics of x-ray reflection dictates the use of grazing incidence mirrors in a wide range of focussing x-ray systems, and some typical instrument configurations are discussed. The advantages of using algebraic expressions derived by geometrical optics to analyse the effects on image quality of errors in figure and alignment of the mirrors are discussed. A formal outline of the derivation is presented in an Appendix. The analysis leads to the construction of an error budget on which the manufacturing strategy can be soundly based.