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LINEAGE SPECIFICITY IN HAEMATOLOGICAL NEOPLASMS

It is important to identify the cell lines which are involved in haematological neoplasms in order to understand the biology of neoplastic stem cells and their capacity to differentiate and mature. This article reviews the techniques applied to the determination of lineage specificity for haematological neoplasms and summarizes their findings. Most reports are based on the study of cellular morphology and immunophenotype in combination with assays of clonality, either with X-linked polymorphisms or chromosomal aberrations. From the results of 88 reports we can conclude that chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) arises in a cell capable of differentiating into all myeloid and many lymphoid lineages; myeloproliferative disease (MPD) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may involve the lymphoid lineage in some patients as well as all myeloid lineages; whereas in most, but not all, patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), the clonal change is restricted to the leukaemic blasts. In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) the clonal aberration is found only in cells exhibiting a single immunoglobulin light chain.