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Questions of Estate Representatives Participation in Trial by Judicial Chambers of Russian Empire (in the Second Half of 19th - early 20th Centuries)

The article gives an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of collegiate court, the involvement of society elements during criminal trials. The author examines the Institute of public participation in legal proceedings in the Russian Empire in the second half of XIX-early XX centuries. Distinctive characteristics and functional problems of estate representatives participation have been under examination. Moreover, much attention is given to the legal framework for conditions and legal proceedings in case of the special presence in the Judicial Chambers. Effectiveness of functioning and comparatively low level of the repressiveness of estate representatives participation in trial by Judicial Chambers has justifiable grounds. It is especially noted that there had been a great amount of institutional and substantive issues in their activity. Well-established positions are encouraged to support the usage of similar institutions in modern criminal procedure after their adaptation to the current level of legal proceedings. The author’s conclusions are confirmed by archive material from the State Archive of Irkutsk Region and the Moscow Central Historical Archive.