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Probiotic effects on faecal inflammatory markers and on faecal IgA in food allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome infants

Probiotic bacteria are proposed to alleviate intestinal inflammation in infants with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) and food allergy. In such infants we investigated effects of probiotic bacteria on faecal IgA, and on the intestinal inflammation markers tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), α1‐antitrypsin (AT), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). A total of 230 infants with AEDS and suspected cow's milk allergy (CMA) received in a randomized double‐blinded manner, concomitant with elimination diet, Lactobacillus GG (LGG), a mixture of four probiotic strains (MIX), or placebo for 4 wk. Four weeks after treatment, CMA was diagnosed with a double‐blind placebo‐controlled milk challenge. Faecal samples of 102 infants, randomly chosen for analysis, were collected before treatment, after 4‐wk treatment, and on the first day of milk challenge. After treatment, IgA levels tended to be higher in probiotic groups than in the placebo group (LGG vs. placebo, p = 0.064; MIX vs. placebo, p = 0.064), and AT decreased in the LGG group, but not in other treatment groups. After challenge in IgE‐associated CMA infants, faecal IgA was higher for LGG than for placebo (p = 0.014), and TNF‐α was lower for LGG than for placebo, but non‐significantly (p = 0.111). In conclusion, 4‐wk treatment with LGG may alleviate intestinal inflammation in infants with AEDS and CMA.