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A Phase I study of 9‐nitrocamptothecin given concurrently with capecitabine in patients with refractory, metastatic solid tumors

9‐Nitrocamptothecin (9‐NC) is an orally available camptothecin analog with antineoplastic activity that results from the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I. Previous studies have suggested that it has significant clinical efficacy. The primary toxicities of 9‐NC include gastrointestinal upset, cystitis, and myelosuppression at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 1.5 mg/m2 per day. Capecitabine is a prodrug of 5‐fluorouracil that is approved for use in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma, and it offers the convenience of oral administration. This trial examined the combination of these two oral agents in patients with metastatic solid tumors.