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Antipyrine and acetaminophen kinetics in the rat: comparison of data based on blood samples from the cut tail and a cannulated femoral artery.

Antipyrine and acetaminophen kinetics were determined from concentration data obtained by simultaneous blood sampling from the cut end of the tail and a cannulated femoral artery in the rat. Significant differences in concentrations and kinetics for both drugs were found by comparison of the two sampling sites. The hypothesis that the differences were due to a low tail blood flow was tested. The tail blood flow was measured with a microsphere technique, and tail antipyrine concentrations were calculated from the relationship between arterial antipyrine concentration, tail flow, and time for comparison with the observed antipyrine concentrations. Mean blood flow of the rat tail was 0.02 ml/min/ml tail tissue at 22 degrees, which was 8.8 and 0.9% of the liver and kidney flow, respectively. Tail flow increased more than twofold by elevation of the tail temperature to 37 degrees. The calculated tail antipyrine concentration versus time curve showed a very close correspondence to the observed antipyrine tail concentration versus time curves. The results show that tail flow is a major determinant of antipyrine tail concentration in the rat. Kinetic data based on blood samples from the cut end of the tail, therefore, should be interpreted with caution.