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Laparoscopy for impalpable testes

superficial bladder cancer, but also in 47% and 21% of normal-appearing adjacent proximal and distal mucosa, respectively [6]. Moreover, in our recent article, we found, in 48 advanced bladder cancers, chromosome 17 polysomy in 42% and HER2 gene amplification in 15% of specimens. Our study strongly confirmed the importance of chromosome 17 polysomy in detecting HER2 amplification [7]. Evidence from breast cancer suggests that only tumours with HER2 gene amplification respond to the anti-HER2 therapy ( Herceptin) [8]. If this were true for bladder cancer, only a low proportion of patients would be suitable for treatment.