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Bayesian estimation on diagnostic performance of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale for infant pain assessment in the absence of a gold standard

Nonverbal pediatric patients such as infants are unable to describe their pain, which leads to the lack of a gold standard scale for their pain assessment. The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic performance of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) for infants' pain in the absence of a gold standard.