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The CII protein of bacteriophage 186 establishes lysogeny by activating a promoter upstream of the lysogenic promoter

We have shown previously that the cII gene product of the non‐lambdoid temperate bacteriophage 186 is required for the establishment of lysogeny. We show here that CII, a potential helix‐turn‐helix DNA‐binding protein, establishes lysogeny by activating a promoter (p E) which spans the apl/cII intergenic region, upstream of the lysogenic promoter, p L. The start site of the p E transcript (+1) has been mapped by primer extension and we have identified the CII binding determinants at p E by DNase I footprinting. CII binds to inverted repeat sequences separated by two turns of the helix, with binding half‐sites centred at the −38 and −58 positions of p E. Oligomerisation studies with purified CII protein indicate that a CII tetramer may be the species that binds to this site. We also show that p E is subject to direct negative feedback by the CI repressor.