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Stimulus Probability, Surprise, and Reaction Time

This paper is concerned with the relationship between human reaction time for individual stimuli and their surprise values. A new measure of surprise is introduced that incorporates the probability of an individual stimulus occurring as well as the probabilities of the remaining potential stimuli. Experimental data are used to test the proposition that the reaction time for a stimulus is an increasing function of the surprise value of that stimulus. This proposition does indeed appear to be acceptable.