{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03600293901542983, 'fraction_numerical': 0.024981631153563555, 'mean_word_length': 4.921739130434783, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 1, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Low Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A at 10+1 to 14+6 Weeks of Gestation and a Possible Mechanism Leading to Miscarriage

Objective: To compare pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) serum levels at 10+1 to 14+6 weeks gestation in groups of patients with different obstetrical outcomes. Patients and Methods: The medical records of women who had consented to donate blood for biochemical research purposes while their pregnancies were uncomplicated were reviewed to define the clinical groups. After the clinical groups were defined, the donated maternal serum samples were thawed and PAPP-A measured by ELISA. ANOVA was used to compare mean values within groups. Result: All groups had similar gestational ages at blood donation (overall mean 12.5 weeks; no difference in gestational age was found within groups, p = 0.18). The overall PAPP-A serum level was 2.01 mIU/ml with only the spontaneous abortion group having a statistical different PAPP-A level (0.09 mIU/ml; p < 0.001). Conclusion: These data suggest that those women who experienced spontaneous abortions had significantly different mean PAPP-A serum levels at 10+1 to 14+6 weeks gestation. Several lines of evidence suggest that downregulation of insulin-like growth factor-II availability due to a decreased PAPP-A serum level may be the cause of spontaneous abortion in these women.