{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.018218623481781375, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.111111111111111, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Cooperation without Monitoring

By means of an example, this note shows that monitoring is not necessary to achieve cooperation. More precisely, I consider an environment in which no player gets any information about past behavior of the other players. Despite this, there is an equilibrium in which players take myopically suboptimal actions. This is in sharp contrast to the body of literature on repeated games, where observability of others’ past behavior is crucial to sustain cooperation.