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INDIA’S ELECTRICITY SECTOR: DIVERSIFICATION, ENERGY SECURITY, AND SUSTAINABILITY

India is at a phase of critical juncture in terms of its energy transitions. While the country has witnessed commendable progresses in various dimensions of energy sustainability and security, there are challenges galore on multiple fronts. The chapter conducts a holistic empirical assessment of the sustainability of the electricity sector in India by employing a sustainable development framework. An indicator-based analysis is carried out for 12 Indian states over the time period of a decade. The assessment clearly reveals that the sector appears to be moving on a sustainable development trajectory, although disruptions are found when individual dimensions of sustainability are examined. The economic dimension of sustainability shows a nonlinear trend with multiple jerks, while the environmental and the social dimensions of sustainability exhibit a declining trend initially but rise thereafter.