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High Temperatures Induce ROS Generation and Damage to Respiratory Activity in Saccharum officinarum Suspension Cells

High temperatures are important abiotic stressors affecting plant growth, development and productivity. One of the consequences of unfavourable temperature effects on plants is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, what role ROS will play in the further fate of the cell under temperature stress depends on many external and internal factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the relationship between ROS content and mitochondrial function in the cells of a Saccharum officinarum suspension culture under high temperatures. The work was carried out using fluorescence microscopy and the polarographic analysis method. We found the most significant increase in ROS content in S. officinarum cells during temperature treatments (that did not cause immediate cell death in culture) was at 45 and 50 °C. The ROS content was largely determined by mitochondrial activity, as evidenced by a decrease in the electrochemical potential on the inner mitochondrial membrane (ΔΨm), and a simultaneous decrease of ROS levels in cells under the carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP) treatment. The decrease in the respiratory activity of cells under high temperatures was determined by the decrease of the cytochrome pathway (CP) contribution. It should be noted that the reduction in respiration rate at a temperature of 50 °C preceded the death of cells in the culture, and was not a consequence of it