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Scientific and technological sphere as an object of state regulation: terminological and essential analysis

The aim of the research is to study and analyze modern approaches to the description of scientific and technological sphere in domestic and foreign science, to determine its essential characteristics and clarify the meaning of "scientific and technological sphere as an object of state regulation." The urgency is due to insufficient theoretical certainty of the scientific and technological sphere as an object of state regulation, which systematically combines several broad areas of activity (scientific, technical, technological, innovative), which reduces the effectiveness and efficiency of mechanisms for state regulation of generation processes, applied transformation and diffusion of knowledge in all spheres of society. The results of the study include a justification for the transformation of the role of technology in the historical process of branching out the functions of science in society. It was determined that a mixed version of institution-building in the scientific and technological sphere is being implemented in Ukraine. The illegality of the interpretation of the national innovation system as an institutional model of the scientific and technological sphere is substantiated and the structure of its main descriptors was revealed. It was substantiated that the scientific and technological sphere has a systemic nature and the signs of its systematization were given. The formulated conclusions were to determine the features of technology as an area of intersection of the main functions of science in society. It was determined that among all types of activities in the scientific and technological sphere can be distinguished basic and supporting, which form the means and processes of generating new knowledge in the form of various resources (material, financial, personnel, information, organizational, etc.) and opportunities for their use. The study clarifies the concept of "scientific and technological sphere as an object of state regulation" and identifies prospects for further research.