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Co-Adaptation of audio-visual speech and gesture classifiers

The construction of robust multimodal interfaces often requires large amounts of labeled training data to account for cross-user differences and variation in the environment. In this work, we investigate whether unlabeled training data can be leveraged to build more reliable audio-visual classifiers through co-training, a multi-view learning algorithm. Multimodal tasks are good candidates for multi-view learning, since each modality provides a potentially redundant view to the learning algorithm. We apply co-training to two problems: audio-visual speech unit classification, and user agreement recognition using spoken utterances and head gestures. We demonstrate that multimodal co-training can be used to learn from only a few labeled examples in one or both of the audio-visual modalities. We also propose a co-adaptation algorithm, which adapts existing audio-visual classifiers to a particular user or noise condition by leveraging the redundancy in the unlabeled data.