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Performance monitoring in high speed optical networks

The world wide growing bandwidth demand in optical networks leads to channel data rates of 40 Gbit/s and higher (e.g. 100 Gbit/s). At these data rates polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is one of the limiting factors even in metro networks. Due to stochastically changing environmental conditions, such as temperature drifts, vibrations and pressure, PMD parameters fluctuate with time. Therefore, adaptive compensation and fast measurement systems are required to overcome the PMD induced impairments. One possibility for the realization of a fast measurement system is the spectrally resolved measurement of the Stokes parameters of modulated optical signals. This offers the advantage to directly measure first and second order PMD in the channel during operation of the optical transmission system at various locations in the network. Additionally the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) can be determined. The obtained information can be used to steer polarization mode dispersion compensation modules (PMDCs), for long term measurements at different points in the network studying the statistical behavior of PMD in real networks and for network management purposes e.g. routing information. In this paper measurement results for two realized polarimeter setups, a coherent detection polarimeter and a stimulated Brillouin scattering based one, in a 10 Gbit/s NRZ system, are shown.