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Management of radial scars/complex sclerosing lesions of the breast diagnosed on vacuum‐assisted large‐core biopsy: is surgery always necessary?

The diagnosis of radial scars/complex sclerosing lesions (RSs/CSLs) onpercutaneous biopsy carries a risk of histological underestimation. Consequently, surgical excision is often performed in order to exclude a possible associated malignancy. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of ‘upgrade to carcinoma’ upon subsequent surgical excision of RS/CSL cases diagnosed on vacuum‐assisted large‐core biopsy (VALCB). We also analysed the risk factors for upgrade in order to determine a subset of patients who could avoid surgery and benefit from conservative management with clinical and imaging follow‐up.