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Gender Differences and the Moderating Role of Stress Mindset in Stressful Life Events and Well-being

Stress is defined in psychology as a feeling of emotional tension and pressure. Stress is not only a cognitive and behavioral experiential process but also closely associated with many psychiatric disorders. Gender is an important biological determinant of a person's vulnerability to psychosocial stress; therefore, stress, stress reactions, and stress-related disorders all exhibit gender checks. At the same time, when faced with stress and stress reactions, different people tend to have different stress mindsets: some people have a stress-enhancing mindset, which believes that stress has positive cognitive, psychological, emotional, and hormonal effects, while others have a stress-weakening mindset, which believes that stress has negative effects on all aspects. In order to better investigate individual differences in stress and stressful attitudes, and to further explore the relationship between stressful attitudes and individuals' past experiences, health status, and life satisfaction, a total of 400 (200 male and 200 female) students aged 19 to 24 years from a university in the United States will be recruited to complete a series of self-reported questionnaires on stressful life events, stressful attitudes, general health, and life satisfaction. Based on the gender differences in stress, stress response, and the application of gender differences in disease diagnosis and treatment, this study aims to explore the gender differences in stress states of mind, so as to deepen our understanding of individual differences in stress and stress states of mind, and to lay a theoretical foundation for clinical practitioners to make more accurate diagnoses and propose more targeted treatment strategies for stress-related diseases.