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Gynaecological endoscopy in fertility control.


 The use of endoscopy in gynecological and obstetrical cases, both for diagnosis and management, are outlined. A short historical perspective is presented followed by short descriptions of various endoscopic methods, including culdoscopy, laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy. The instrumentation is described, and patient preparation is briefly outlined for each scope and procedure. Various applications of endoscopy in fertility control are discussed. Infertility can be examined by endoscopy to determine tubal patency, for example. Culdoscopic sterilization and laparoscopy is compared. Laparoscopy is indicated for patients in acute pelvic pain. The laparoscope offers better pelvic visualization. Laparoscopy can be performed in the presence of vaginal deformity. And laparoscopy is more easily learned than culdoscopy. Indications for culdoscopy include obese patients and patients with previous midline abdominal scars. Culdoscopy is cheaper to perform and takes less time than laparoscopy.
