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Network-centric free space optical communication systems and modulating retro reflectors

Recent advances in optical modulators and folded-path channel simulation bring an extra dimension to ongoing hybrid Free-Space Optics (FSO) and wireless RF networks. Typical FSO transceiver system design and network integration differ from emerging interrogators targeting Modulating Retro Reflector (MRR). At long ranges and in hostile environments, MRR edge nodes provide vital information such as relative GPS coordinates, unit identification, and integrated sensors data. To optimize network scalability, dynamic, instantaneous critical data flow, and real-time response, FSO transceivers and interrogators should overlap in physical layer performance and network layers interface. In this paper, we review system specification, requirement and channel impact on one-pass FSO and RF links as well as double-pass MRR links. Then, we state the underlying challenges on their network integration and ways to optimize performance by re-designing the system physical layer and identifying the corresponding network requirements.