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The Impact of Translational Research in Hepatology

The US National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences defines translational research as the spectrum of each stage along the path from the biological basis of health and disease to interventions that improve the health of individuals and the public. In essence, translational research uses basic/experimental research tools and human specimens to address clinical needs. Translational research has emerged to fill the increasing gap between basic science and clinical research. Broadly speaking, basic science tries to unravel the mechanisms of disease using tools (e.g., culture systems and animal models) that allow for easy manipulation of biological processes. These tools are useful to derive causal associations, but they generally do not include an endpoint directly applicable to clinical practice. This does not mean that basic research has not been instrumental in major medical advancements. On the other extreme, the primary goal of clinical research and public health studies is to solve specific clinical problems. The paradigm of clinical research is clinical trials, designed to evaluate the impact of well-defined interventions on specific