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The Square Kilometre Array: An International Project To Realize The World's Largest Radio Telescope

The Square Kilometre Array is one of the most complex science projects ever conceived. The scientific drivers are important questions about the evolution of the early Universe, fundamental physics, study of galaxies and stars across time, formation of exo-planetary systems and astrobiology. The scientific requirements such as sensitivity and resolution are so hard that the required technology and the costs need a global effort. SKA is a project involving thousands of engineers, scientists, astronomers and construction specialists from 20 different countries. The telescope is a new concept radio interferometer consisting in two parts, with two different technologies for two different wavelength ranges, in the remote deserts of South Africa and Australia. In a first stage, SKA1, there will be about two hundreds 15m dishes and more than hundred thousand dipoles, grouped in stations, both connected via optical fiber to the central correlator. In a second stage the number of dishes and dipoles will be more than two thousand and up to one million dipoles respectively. The technological solutions, the controls of this complex system, the connections for data transfer, the big amount of data and the supercomputers to be used have no precedent in the history. In this paper I’ll give an overview of the SKA system, with emphasis on design, architecture and organization of this challenging project. Keywords— Radioastronomy; Interferometry