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The Cryptology of Baseball

Abstract The author has considered a cryptosystem that is widely observed by the public, but not normally recognized as a cryptosystem; namely, the use of visual signals to instruct batters, base runners, pitchers and fielders in the game of baseball. In this paper, what is normally the most complex signaling system, that issued by the third base coach to batters and runners, is defined as a formal cryptosystem, called the third-base-coach or TBC cryptosystem. With these definitions, a cryptanalysis of the TBC cryptosystem is presented. It is also noted that the TBC system belongs to an interesting category of cryptosystems, namely those in which the message space is extremely small.