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Modification of FGD gypsum in hydrothermal mixed salt solution.

A novel utilization way of the sludge from wet calcium-based flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes has been developed in this paper. This study focused on the conversion of the FGD gypsum into alpha-hemihydrate calcium sulfate by a hydrothermal salt solution method at atmospheric pressure. Experimental study has been carried out in a batch reactor. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were made by DSC/TG thermal analysis, SEM, XRD, metalloscope and chemical analysis. The experimental results showed that the modification of FGD gypsum was controlled by the dissolution and recrystallization mechanisms. With the introduction of FGD gypsum the salt solution was supersaturated, then crystal nucleus of alpha-hemihydrate calcium sulfate were produced in the solution. With the submicroscopic structure of FGD gypsum crystal changed, the crystal nucleus grew up into alpha-hemihydrate calcium sulfate crystals. Thus, the modification of FGD gypsum was fulfilled.