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Issues of technical implementation of ground-based microwave radiometric system calibration

The theoretical bases of a method of carrying out calibration of microwave radiometric system on a noise signal of the external noise generator are analysed, the parameters setting value of gain of antenna temperature at introduction in structure of system of such external source of a calibration signal are determined. The questions of technical realization of an external source of a calibration signal for microwave radiometric system are considered, the structural scheme is presented, the place of its arrangement in structure of the antenna is determined. The necessity of using a horn antenna to create directional radiation towards the mirror antenna emitter is shown. The data on the design of such a calibration signal source for the case of its use in a three-band microwave radiometric system with the reception of a noise signal at the common antenna aperture and a sequential separation of the input signals of the three bands in the feeder path of the common mirror irradiator are presented. The influence of the design and, accordingly, the directional properties of the horn antenna of a microwave radiometric system calibration signal source on the coefficient characterizing the radiation divergence created by the noise generator horn, as well as the frequency properties of this coefficient are analysed. The results of measurements of radio-thermal radiation by a three-band microwave radiometric system when two calibration periods with reception of a radio-noise signal from an external calibration signal source located at the base of the antenna mirror are presented.