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NICMOS Coronagraphy: Recalibration and the NICMOS Legacy Archive PSF Library

NICMOS coronagraphy, with well-matched template Point Spread Func- tion (PSF) subtraction, probes the closest environments of occulted targets with the highest imaging sensitivity in intrinsically high contrast fields at the smallest ra- dial distances afforded, uniquely, by HST. NICMOS PSF-subtracted coronagraphy has been invoked in a wide variety of HST programs with science themes as di- vergent as detecting and characterizing disks of circumstellar material in neo-natal stellar environments, to studying faint nebulosity associated with luminous active galaxies, to searching for planetary-mass companions in extrasolar planetary sys- tems recently born and in the "stellar graveyard." The investment in HST time in the execution of these and other NICMOS coronagraphic programs, has met with mixed returns. Stunning successes importantly advancing their fields highlight more frequent, and unfortunately somewhat common, failures arising from highly com- promised technically-achievable performance due to the lack of suitable template PSFs required to produce high-fidelity, photometrically robust, high contrast coron- agraphic images. To remedy this situation are undertaking a rigorous, homogeneous, and complete recalibration and analysis of the full archival set of raw NICMOS coronagraphic images (through HST Cycle 15) previously obtained and residing in the MAST to create a Legacy library of template PSFs enabling the recovery of the large body of science otherwise lost. This PSF library and enhanced data re- calibration processes, along with generically applicable analysis software we have created, will: (1) critically augment the needs of observational programs reliant on high fidelity PSF subtractions, (2) increase survey yields and improve photometric efficacy, (3) reduce the observing time (HST orbit allocations) otherwise required for near-contemporaneous reference PSF observations, and (4) greatly enrich the yet-unrealized potential of the many NICMOS coronagraphic observations already acquired from the broad spectrum of science programs previously executed.