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Laser-welding technologies. Results of investigations and possible applications

One of the most important routes to the modernisation of technological processes is to introduce the laser welding technology to the industry. Investing in the laser technologies is not now, as a few years ago, a significant financial risk, because reliable forcasting indicates that only those units or firms which have fully implemented the laser technology will remain competitive in the future. The range of applications of the laser welding is wide. It is by means of the laser that most of metals and their alloys, as well as plastics, can be welded. The laser welding enables a variety, and, in particular specific types, of welded joints to be made in, more or less, any position. The range of material thicknesses welded in a single pass can vary from a tenth to many millimetres. In comparison with the laser cutting, which can be regarded, by now, as universally adopted method in precision cutting of elements of complex geometry, the laser welding technology is developing at a slower rate. It is being applied to a narrower range of problems, but as a result of intensive process investigations, and developments in the design of equipment, the laser welding methods are being adopted as industrial processes competing with the established, well developed, and improved over many years, standard welding methods. The current limitation imposed on the range of applications of the laser welding, is a consequence of the necessity to use high-power expensive equipment, of facing a number of technological problems associated with conditions under which the process is conducted, and, also, because of the phenomena accompanying the formation of the welded joint.