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Characterizing Canine Hepatobiliary Neuroendocrine Neoplasia: A Proteomic Approach

Hepatobiliary neuroendocrine neoplasia is an extremely rare cancer in humans and other species. In humans, neuroendocrine neoplasia of the liver and gallbladder represents less than 2% of all gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia. In the veterinary literature, there is a paucity of information on hepatobiliary neuroendocrine cancer with only a small number of published studies. Improved characterization of these tumors is needed to identify additional biomarkers for diagnosis and generate informed treatment protocols for human and veterinary patients. Here, we applied a proteomics strategy to identify differentially expressed proteins in canine hepatobiliary neoplasia as compared to normal canine adrenal and liver tissue from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples. Our objective was to identify unique protein biomarkers and possible chemotherapeutic targets. Thirty‐four up‐regulated, differentially expressed proteins were identified in the hepatobiliary neuroendocrine neoplasia samples. Galectin‐1, a multivalent carbohydrate binding protein known to play a role in lung and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia development and progression, was among them. Drugs targeting the galectin family have shown promise as anticancer therapeutics in cervical cancer, prostate cancer, lung and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia. Galectin‐1 may represent a novel treatment target in hepatobiliary neuroendocrine neoplasia in both humans and dogs.