{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.023501762632197415, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004700352526439483, 'mean_word_length': 6.095833333333333, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Kinetic and molecular species analyses of mitogen‐induced increases in diglycerides: Evidence for stimulated hydrolysis of phosphoinositides and phosphatidylcholine

A wide variety of agonist‐induced events appear to be mediated through an increase in cellular diglyceride levels. With regard to the ability of diglycerides to mediate these events, three important parameters must be considered: (a) the kinetics of diglyceride generation, (b) the absolute mass levels, and (c) their molecular species. While this increase is often due to a stimulated hydrolysis of phosphoinositides, there is increasing evidence that the stimulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine also contributes to agonist‐induced increases in diglyceride levels. The kinetics of mass increases in diglyceride levels stimulated in cultured fibroblasts are agonist‐dependent. High concentrations of α‐thrombin stimulate a biphasic increase in diglyceride levels with the first phase peaking at 15 s and the second phase peaking at 5 min. In contrast, stimulation with epidermal growth factor, or platelet‐derived growth factor, results in a monophasic increase in cellular diglyceride levels. Furthermore, the molecular species and phospholipid source of the stimulated diglycerides are also agonist‐dependent. While the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides is major source of diglycerides initially generated in response to some agonists (15 s with α‐thrombin at 500 ng/ml), phosphatidylcholine is hydrolyzed as well. Following longer incubations, or at all times following stimulation by epidermal growth factor or platelet‐derived growth factor, phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis is the principal source of the stimulated diglycerides.