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Corrugations on the Free Surface of Nematic Liquid Crystal Layers

In this paper we quantitatively treat an equilibrium problem for the free surface of a monomeric or polymeric nematic liquid crystal layer, which has been suggested by some novel industrial applications. Think of a layer deposited on a plane, rigid substrate, whose optical axis is anchored in such a way that the azimuthal angle is everywhere defined, whereas the polar angle may freely vary. Let further the azimuthal anchoring be discontinuous along a line on the substrate. To accommodate this singularity within a continuous field, the optic axis must flip out of the substrate plane and become orthogonal to it at the anchoring discontinuity. Such a distortion entrains a corrugation on the free surface of the layer. Experimentally, the existence of corrugations at the alignment boundaries of nematic liquid crystal polymer films on single glass substrates is demonstrated by photo-aligning and photo-patterning such films by the linear photopolymerization (LPP)-technology of ROLIC.