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Outdoor Activities and Urbanization: A Constant Bridging Throughout the Twentieth Century in France

Abstract The development of outdoor activities has been dominated by a two-fold movement: first, it has been regularly renewed through the appropriation of new spaces and the creation of new sports equipment enabling nature to be explored in different ways; second, increased accessibility to practice areas has made practice more democratic. Our study focuses on the practice areas and their implications for the evolution of the activity. We will show that accessibility was first made possible by the urbanization of nature, especially through the creation of tourist destinations. This led to the planning and creation of practice areas in and around urban zones at the expense of an artificial landscaping of sites, which raises serious issues as to the future of the activities. This study uses an extensive corpus of French sources ranging from publications by outdoor activity groups to public archives, especially from the Ministry of Sports and the Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Greater Paris region.