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[Changes of triglyceride composition analyzed on the number of carbon and double bond with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in diabetes mellitus--experimental study and clinical application to patients' care as a parameter of diabetic control].

To clarify changes in triglyceride (TG) composition in diabetic status at a molecular level, the number of carbon and double bond which make up TG was analyzed in diabetic patients, experimentally-induced diabetic rats and normal controls. Serum TG was classified into subclasses by the number of carbon and double bond using a gas chromatography chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-CI-MS). In diabetic patients (n = 80), the ratio of TG consisting of 50 carbons (C50) among total TG subclasses was higher than that in normal controls (n = 20). In particular, C50 with a smaller number of double bond (C50: 0, C50: 1, C50: 2) was remarkably increased. Compared with well-controlled diabetics, poorly-controlled patients showed an increase in TG with less double bond in the composition of C48 and C50, and a decrease in double bond-rich C52 and C54. The increase in C50: 1 TG observed in poorly-controlled diabetics was returned to normal range with the improvement of control parameters including a decrease in body weight, fasting plasma glucose and serum TG levels, thereby suggesting that this TG subclass may be the best indicator of all TG compositions for diabetes control. The percentage of C50: 1 TG was higher in patients with lower HDL-C levels than those with normal or higher HDL-C levels. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that the analysis of serum TG composition with GC-CI-MS would be of clinical use in the evaluation of overall control status in diabetics.