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Comparison of the Processing of Epoxy Resins in Pultrusion with Open Bath Impregnation and Closed-Injection Pultrusion

In this study, the influence of the open bath and closed-injection pultrusion (CIP) processing methods of epoxy resins on the quality of glass fiber composites was investigated. In addition to the state-of-the-art epoxy resin system with long pot life, new resin systems with short pot life have recently been developed. These systems require processing by closed-injection pultrusion. The epoxies with long pot life allow both processing variants. The experimental work was carried out with two types of injection and impregnation chambers (ii_chamber), namely with a conical and a teardrop design. Fully impregnated composites, which were used for further analyses, could be produced by using the conical ii_chamber. The composite properties of the open bath and the conical ii_chamber impregnation methods were compared. No significant influence on the bending stress could be determined; the interlaminar shear strength was up to 10% better with open bath impregnation than with ii_chamber. For the composites investigated, it was shown that the open bath and ii_chamber impregnation methods can be used to produce parts with partially comparable properties, as demonstrated for the epoxy formulation with long pot life. These results indicate that processing of epoxy systems with a short pot life is also possible by closed-injection pultrusion. Furthermore, the influence on the composite properties of the time interval between the mixing of an epoxy resin and processing in an open bath was investigated. No significant effect on the bending stress and interlaminar shear strength could be determined.