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A magnesium‐sensitive post‐synaptic potential in rat cerebral cortex resembles neuronal responses to N‐methylaspartate.

In isolated slices of rat cerebral cortex, intracellular recordings were obtained from pyramidal cells that were predominantly in layers II/III. These cells could be antidromically activated from the underlying white matter and had resting potentials of greater than ‐75 mV, action potentials with amplitudes of greater than 70 mV (measured from threshold), overshoots of 20‐30 mV, and thresholds 20‐30 mV positive to the resting potential. The responses of these cells to short (1‐2 s) pulses of electrophoretically applied N‐methylaspartate (NMA) decreased in amplitude with membrane hyperpolarization between ‐40 and ‐120 mV, and were associated with an apparent increase in membrane resistance when recorded in the presence of 1 mM‐Mg2+. However, in the absence of Mg2+, responses to NMA increased progressively in amplitude with hyperpolarization and were associated with a decrease in membrane resistance. In addition to conventional excitatory post‐synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) and inhibitory post‐synaptic potentials (i.p.s.p.s), electrical stimulation of the underlying white matter evoked a novel e.p.s.p. This e.p.s.p. displayed a similar voltage relation to the response evoked by NMA and was associated with an apparent increase in membrane resistance. When Mg2+ was removed from the bathing medium, the properties of the novel e.p.s.p. changed, and it displayed a conventional voltage relation and was associated with a decrease in membrane resistance. In the absence of Mg2+, novel e.p.s.p.s showed potentiation on low frequency repetitive stimulation (0.5‐2 Hz). A fully potentiated response could evoke bursts of slow potentials each of which could evoke a burst of fast spikes. In contrast, the more conventional e.p.s.p.s and i.p.s.p.s evoked in pyramidal neurones were unaffected by reducing the Mg2+ concentration from 1.0 to near 0 mM and conventional e.p.s.p.s showed no potentiation on repetitive, low frequency repetition, even after several hours exposure to Mg2+‐free medium. The NMA antagonists: 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid, ketamine and cyclazocine, applied electrophoretically at doses that blocked responses to NMA, but which had little effect on responses to glutamate, blocked the novel e.p.s.p. and its potentiation.