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The periparturient cow--a pivotal entity in dairy production.

Abstract The periparturient period describes the time of parturition and those events within a few weeks prior to and following parturition. Considerable new knowledge has been generated during the past 25 yr concerning the periparturient cow. Generation of physiologic and endocrinologic information has been voluminous and rewarding. Nutritional requirements of the periparturient cow are better understood as are sanitation requirements. Management and environmental conditions change constantly, and new problems develop as rapidly as old problems are solved. Fruitful areas of further research are discussed for the prepartum cow, the parturient cow, and the postpartum cow. Also discussed is the opportunity to merge good biological information, reported over the past 25 yr from research laboratories, with field investigations and applied usage. Research concerned with "genetic engineering" and immunogenetics has considerable importance to the dairy industry. Discussed is the opportunity to use such research findings to improve postpartum disease resistance, onset of cyclic activity, and problems associated with parturition.