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Birth outcomes relative to dietary vitamin D & calcium intake in obese pregnant women

For individuals with limited exposure to ultra-violet B, a recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of 10mg/day of vitamin D is recommended; this includes all pregnant and lactating women. Despite this, research suggests a subset of pregnant women are at risk of vitamin D insufficiency due to obesity, darker skin pigmentation and estimated delivery date in spring or summer. There is no increase in requirements for calcium during pregnancy however a positive maternal calcium balance is dependent on adequate circulating levels of 25(OH)D3 . Maternal outcomes such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and increased risk of caesarean section are all associated with low vitamin D status. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary intakes of vitamin D and calcium were associated with adverse maternal and birth outcomes. Participants were asked to complete three-day food diaries during each trimester of pregnancy. Data regarding food portion size was verified using a food atlas and the diaries were then analysed using Microdiet2.