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New methods and instruments for determination of reservoir thermal properties

The new methods and instruments developed for measurements of rock thermal properties (thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, volumetric heat capacity, and coefficient of linear thermal expansion) provide a sharp increase in the quality of experimental data for geothermal reservoirs. Optical scanning technology firstly provides numerous highprecision, nondestructive, non-contact measurements of thermal conductivity and diffusivity directly on full cores, core plugs and non-consolidated rock samples along with determination of thermal property tensor components and the recording of thermal property variations along cores. The instrument for simultaneous determination of thermal conductivity and diffusivity at reservoir temperature (up to 250 o C), and 3-component pressure (pore, confining axial, and lateral pressures up to 200 MPa) allows the measurements at formation conditions to study thermal property variations during the heating of reservoirs and oil production in thermal enhanced oil recovery. The instrument for measurements of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion at temperatures up to 250 o C within every temperature interval of 20 o C provides measurements on core plugs accounting for rock anisotropy. One more instrument was developed for the measurements the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of fluids at elevated temperatures. Application of the new technique provides a representative thermal property data for rocks saturated by brine and steam accounting for rock anisotropy and inhomogeneity as well as reservoir pressure and temperature. The new instruments provide the detailed information on the spatial and temporal variations in the reservoir thermal properties and possibility to exclude the following unsolved problems in rock thermal property measurements: (1) disturbing influence of the thermal resistance of a sample-equipment contact on the measurement results particularly for porous and fractured rocks, (2) significant influence of rock inhomogeneity and anisotropy which could not be accounted most often earlier, (3) impossibility to measure thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity tensor components simultaneously in most cases, (4) impossibility to provide the high-precision nondestructive measurements on full cores and core plugs without mechanical treatment of cores, (5) difficulties with the measurements of differential coefficient of linear thermal expansion at elevated temperatures (up to 250 o C) for the measurements within narrow temperature intervals (15-25 o C). The new experimental data obtained from application of new technique on rock samples from different formations demonstrate that previous information on thermal reservoir properties often needs to be significantly corrected. Analysis demonstrates that existing theoretical models, especially applied in the commercial simulators for thermo-hydrodynamical modeling, can not provide the reliable thermal property data prediction from other reservoir properties. The new theoretical models of effective thermal conductivity of heterogeneous medium, based on the effective medium theory, were developed to improve the quality of the rock thermal conductivity prediction.