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Hierarchical copper sulfide porous nanocages for rechargeable multivalent-ion batteries.

Copper sulfide (CuS) has been identified as a promising cathode material for some multivalent-ion batteries (such as magnesium-ion battery) because of its high theoretical capacity, environmental friendliness and wide availability. However, the clumsy multivalent-ion with high polarity inclines to sluggish ion insertion/deinsertion, leading to inadequate electrochemical performance. In this work, the hierarchical CuS porous nanocages were successfully fabricated via a facile one-step room-temperature liquid-phase process and were evaluated as cathode materials for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Owing to the structural advantages, a high reversible magnesium storage capacity of 228 mAh g-1 was attained, which is superior to the previously reported results under similar conditions. Besides, the application of CuS as cathode materials for calcium-ion, zinc-ion, iron-ion and aluminum-ion batteries was investigated. The hierarchical CuS porous nanocages display promising electrochemical performance in those multivalent-ion battery systems. Our work proves the superiority of nanostructure design in improving the electrochemical performance of cathode materials for multivalent-ion batteries.