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SCIENTIA PSYCHIATRICA The Role of Intelligence Quotient as a Risk Factor for Depression: a Literature Review

Depression is a mood disorder with general characteristics in the form of changes in sleep patterns and appetite, psychomotor disorders, concentration problems, anhedonia, fatigue, hopelessness and helplessness, and suicidal ideation. If the depressive disorder goes on for a long time (dysthymia), the person is suggested to be moody, lazy, or withdrawn from relationships because he loses interest in almost all aspects of his life. Depression is a psychiatric disorder that is often found with a prevalence of around 15%. In general, the onset of major depressive disorders is at the age of 20 to 50 years, but the most often is at the age of 40 years. Cognitive plays a role in the aetiology and prognosis of someone with depression. The higher the cognitive level of a person, the more it will affect the cure rate and prevent recurrence in someone experiencing psychiatric disorders. This literature review will explain the role of intelligence quotient in depressive disorders.


Introduction
Depression is a mood disorder with general characteristics in the form of changes in sleep patterns and appetite, psychomotor disorders, concentration problems, anhedonia, fatigue, hopelessness and helplessness, and suicidal ideation. 1,2 If the depressive disorder goes on for a long time (dysthymia), the person is suggested to be moody, lazy, or withdrawn from relationships because he loses interest in almost all aspects of his life. Depression is a psychiatric disorder that is often found with a lifetime prevalence of about 15%. In general, the onset of major depressive disorders is at the age of 20 to 50 years, but it is most often at the age of 40. Severe depression often occurs in people who are not married, divorced or separated. 3 A study conducted by Weismann-Archace et al.
found that a higher prevalence in women than men is likely due to an imbalance of hormone regulation that directly affects the brain substance that regulates

Scientia Psychiatrica
Journal Homepage: www.scientiapsychiatrica.com neuroendocrine regulation, mood disorders can be caused mainly by abnormalities in the adrenal glands, thyroid, and growth hormone.

Intelligence quotient (IQ)
According to David Wechsler, intelligence is the ability to act in a direction, reason, and deal effectively with the environment. It can be concluded that intelligence is a mental ability that involves a rational thought process. Therefore, intelligence cannot be observed directly, but instead must be inferred from various concrete actions that are manifestations of the rational thought process. 6 Intelligence quotient (IQ) is a term of grouping human intelligence that was first introduced by Alfred- The higher the level of intelligence a person, the more it is possible to do a task that requires a lot of reason and reason and carry out complex. Intelligence, in general, can also be interpreted as a level of ability and speed of the brain to process a particular form of task or skill. The ability and speed of the work of the brain are also called the effectiveness of the work of the brain.

The role of intelligence quotient with the depression event
According to Hung et al., IQ scores in children aged seven years have an essential role in the incidence of depression in adulthood. 7 Children or young adults with low cognitive abilities, seen from IQ scores, experience psychiatric disorders more often as adults.
Cognitive plays a role in the aetiology and prognosis of someone with depression. The higher the cognitive level of a person, the more it will affect the cure rate and

Cognitive aspects of depression disorders
According to cognitive theory, depression occurs due to specific distortions found in someone prone to depression. The distortion, referred to as depressogenic schemata, is a cognitive template that receives internal and external data in a way that is altered by previous experience. Beck gives a postulate triad cognitive depression, consisting of; a view of self, negative selfregulation, the tendency to experience the world as something hostile and demanding, regarding the future, hopes regarding suffering and failure. 9-11

Conclusion
There is a close relationship between IQ levels and depressive events. Indirectly, the cognitive role in aetiology and prognosis in someone with depression.
The lower the cognitive, in this case, is the IQ value, it will increase the risk of depression, recurrence rates, recovery, prognosis, and morbidity.