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Breakdown of topological protection due to nonmagnetic edge disorder in two-dimensional materials in the quantum spin Hall phase

We study the suppression of the conductance quantization in quantum spin Hall systems by a combined eﬀect of electronic interactions and edge disorder, that is ubiquitous in exfoliated and CVD grown 2D materials. We show that the interplay between the electronic localized states due to edge defects and electron-electron interactions gives rise to local magnetic moments, that break time-reversal symmetry and the topological protection of the edge states in 2D topological systems. Our results suggest that edge disorder leads to small deviations of a perfect quantized conductance in short samples and to a strong conductance suppression in long ones. Our analysis is based on on the Kane-Mele model, an unrestricted Hubbard mean ﬁeld Hamiltonian and on a self-consistent recursive Green’s functions technique to calculate the transport quantities.