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Transport spectroscopy in bilayer graphene using double layer heterostructures

We provide a comprehensive study of the chemical potential of bilayer graphene in a wide range of carrier density, at zero and high magnetic (B)-fields, and at different transverse electric (E)-fields, using high quality double bilayer graphene heterostructures. Using a direct thermodynamic transport spectroscopic technique, we probe the chemical potential as a function of carrier density in six samples. The data clearly reveal the non-parabolicity and electron–hole asymmetry of energy-momentum dispersion in bilayer graphene. The tight-binding hopping amplitudes, t0, t1, and t4, renormalized by electron–electron interaction are extracted from the chemical potential versus density dependence. A diverse set of electron–electron interaction driven phenomena were also clearly discerned at zero and high B-fields. We measure the gaps at integer fillings with orbital index N  =  0, 1, and discuss about the dependence of the N  =  0, 1 quantum Hall phases on the carrier density (or filling factor), E-field, and B-field.