{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.05907172995780591, 'fraction_numerical': 0.053445850914205346, 'mean_word_length': 4.761133603238866, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 1, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Early changes in IL‐21, IL‐22, CCL2, and CCL4 serum cytokines after outpatient autologous transplantation for multiple sclerosis: A proof of concept study

Changes in serum cytokines after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were documented. Thirty‐six consecutive MS patients who had their Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scored before AHSCT were prospectively enrolled. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) was infused at 200 mg/kg in two administrations given 10 days apart: the first dose for mobilization, the second as the conditioning regimen. Patients were mobilized with 10 µg/kg/day subcutaneous G‐CSF. Serum was collected 14 days before and 14 after AHSCT. IL‐6, IL‐9, IL‐10, IL 17‐A, IL‐21, IL‐22, IL‐23, TNF‐A, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 were measured by magnetic bead‐based immunoassay. t Test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare cytokine levels before and after AHSCT. There were 28 women and 8 men with a median age of 46 (15–62) years, median duration of MS was 9.5 (1–32) years, and EDSS score was 5.7 (1.5–8.0). Patients had a decrement of pro‐inflammatory IL‐21 and IL‐22 (p = .003 and p = .028) and an increment of anti‐inflammatory CCL2 and CCL4 (p < .001 and p = .039) after AHSCT. Decrease of IL‐21 and IL‐22 coupled with an increment of CCL2 and CCL4 could reflect the immunomodulatory effect of auto‐HSCT and be an early indicator of its efficacy.