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Factors associated with practices of health care workers towards integrating oral health into primary health care in Imenti North District, Kenya

Purpose: The prevalence of oral health diseases is on the rise in Kenya. The ratio of oral health care personnel to the population is however very low. Preventive dentistry remains is therefore key to reverse this trend. Integration of oral health into primary health care would utilize the non-oral health care providers to achieve the primary goal of preventive dentistry. Key to this integration is the knowledge, attitude and practices of health workers on their roles. 
Design/ Methodology/Approach: This was a cross-sectional study among medical doctors, nurses and clinical officers in Imenti North District, Kenya. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices on the three roles in integration, that is, diagnosis, oral health education and referral. A total of 214 participants took part in the study. Analysis for association was done using Chi-square, odds ratio, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. 
Findings: Social demographic characteristics do not influence the provision of oral health services by non-oral health care providers. Provision of resources and equipment including referral guidelines on oral health, face masks and tongue depressors influenced the provision of oral health services. Similarly, the availability of a dentist influenced the decision to refer patients who had suspected dental diseases. Adequate knowledge by health workers on their role did not always result in the provision of oral health services mainly due to a lack of hands-on experience. 
Contribution to policy and practice: The findings of this study will help Health care providers in the Imenti North district provide resources and equipment, train in-service health care workers in oral health and provide on-job skills training to health care workers to convert knowledge in oral health into practice. 
Originality/Value: This study is the first to empirically establish factors associated with practices of health care workers towards integrating oral health into primary health care.  