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[Physiopathology and clinical data of referred pain at the level of the masticatory system].

In the differential diagnosis of orofacial pain, the importance of referred pain from other anatomical regions should be taken into account. This contribution describes the neuroanatomical and -physiological background of referred pain and the role of peripheral and central sensitization in its genesis and maintenance. In addition to the effects of afferent neurons, also the resulting efferent effects like increased muscle tone are illustrated, as well as the role of the autonomic nervous system. Through practical examples out of the daily dental practice, it is elucidated how referred pain can interfere in the diagnosis, and how the source and the location of pain can be discriminated.