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Humans are apex predators

In their recent paper, Bonhommeau et al. (1) calculate human trophic levels (HTL) as fractional trophic levels (FTL), which is the mean trophic level of all species in a consumer’s diet weighted according to their proportions in the diet. Producer species are assigned FTL 1, and consumer values range from 2 (primary consumers) to 5 or greater. The authors conclude that HTL varies globally between 2.04 and 2.57. The mean HTL of 2.21 has increased over time as societies trend toward meatier diets. The authors also assert that humans, therefore, are not apex predators nor at the top of the food chain, being more comparable to low FTL omnivores.