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Collaboration@work Experts Group Meeting towards More Effective Collaborative Workspaces: from Collaboration Technologies to Patterns

In next-generation working environments, a key objective is to effectively leverage the competencies of people working together. To reach this goal, the leading edge of research in individual and collective intelligence needs to be matched with the IST tools and services that can deliver added value to workers and managers of networked work processes (EU, 2004b). Such collaboration increasingly no longer takes place in formally defined organizational structures, but in emerging collaborative networks and communities (e.g. Ark Group, 2004). Communication is the lifeblood of communities. Communication is needed to coordinate actions, but it can also be a key output itself. For example, scholarly communities are facilitators of highly specialized forms of argumentation and debate (Rieke and Sillars, 1984). Communities require a rich diversity in communication forms, from informal chatting, discussing, debating, asking and answering questions, consoling, to advising and empathizing (Preece, 2000). Well-designed communication support is not sufficient for successful collaboration, however: relevant content is also needed. The problem with content is that much of it is unstructured and distributed over many different resources on the Web, making it hard to apply in collaboration processes. One important unsolved problem is that collaboration modelling is still in its infancy: communication and content modelling approaches are grounded in very different paradigms. Until today it is still unexplored how these approaches can be better integrated so that appropriate contextualized information can be supplied to members of communities effectively collaborating in communicative workflows. To support these complex forms of content-rich collaborative communication, virtual communities have a need for a wide range of sophisticated communication and content services Examples include customized discussion services, workflow and knowledge management systems, and content creation, mining, and retrieval services. At the moment, it is very hard for collaborative communities to specify what are appropriate collaboration services for them, since their communicative and information requirements are difficult to specify using technology-focused web service modelling and specification approaches such as UDDI, BPEL4WS, WSDL, and XLS. In other words, adequate methodologies for specifying appropriate supporting technological services are still lacking, both in theory and in practice (Kock and Nosek, 2005; Finholt, 2003; Ark Group, 2004). To create useful collaborative virtual working environments (CVWE) for communities, collaboration requirements need to be linked to services satisfying those requirements. To be reusable such service specifications need to be defined in terms of reference service architectures, which we define as reference architectures for defining (best-practice) combinations of collaboration requirements and services. The reference architectures should consist of (1) a layered and component-based approach (2) allowing specifications from high-level collaboration requirements to low-level technical services, and (3) be based on widely accepted standards to ensure acceptability and usefulness.