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Personality connotations of psychiatric diagnoses. Implications for a similarity model.

The major concern of this study was to identify the personality traits connotated by a number of diagnostic labels such as paranoid, schizoid, hysterical, and cyclothymic. Twenty psychiatrists were given a list of nonpsychotic personality disorders and were asked to indicate what personality traits were typically associated with them. Results showed good agreement among psychiatrists on the personality traits they believed to be implied by the diagnostic terms. A factor analysis of the ratings showed a circular configuration of relative similarity among the different diagnoses. The results are interpreted as indicating that diagnostic labels are types of codes for various sectors of an implicit space of traits, signs, and symptoms.