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Characterization of the longitudinal Gouy phase branches in cascaded optical systems

The Gouy phase is an important phase, however rather poorly understood. It has been shown recently that it can be used to control the frequency of a ring laser and can help in achieving a control over mode-locking problem of ring laser gyro. It is demonstrated now that with the help of the Gouy phase one discovers further characterization of a laser involving cascaded optics in terms of what may be called longitudinal Gouy phase branches. On such a Gouy phase branch one can tune the laser in a manner described elsewhere. It is noted that the longitudinal Gouy-phase-branches play significant role in cascaded optical systems as well as have potential characterization feature in several ring configurations that get naturally selected in a random lasing medium. The concept is further clarified with Collins chart diagrams of several cascaded optics lasers.