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Habitat restoration on Praia Islet , Azores Archipelago , proved successful for seabirds , but new threats have emerged

As on many other islands, most of the seabird species breeding in the Azores archipelago are now restricted to tiny remnants of their former nesting range, due mainly to the consequences of the introduction of mammals by man. Praia islet (off Graciosa island) holds six seabird species, four of which are classified as species “of Conservation Concern” in Europe and another one is considered globally “Vulnerable”. Habitat restoration, combining rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus eradication in 1997, installation of artificial nest boxes for terns in 1996 and for storm-petrels in 2000, and native plant re-introduction between 1998 and 2003, led to a noticeable recovery of vegetation cover and seabird breeding numbers. Here we present updated data concerning the population trends of the Common Tern Sterna hirundo, the Roseate Tern S. dougallii, the Madeiran Storm-petrel Hydrobates castro and the Azores-endemic Monteiro’s Storm-petrel H. monteiroi on Praia islet. Whereas storm-petrel numbers in artificial nests have kept increasing since 2000, tern numbers have been fluctuating since the mid-2000s. However, and despite the current absence of mammals on Praia islet, seabirds still face threats when breeding. Turnstones Arenaria interpres and Starlings Sturnus vulgaris granti consume tern eggs, and introduced Madeiran Lizards Lacerta dugesii may prey on Monteiro’s Storm-petrel chicks.