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Multi-Model Imaging of Local Chemistry and Ferroic Properties of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have shown promise in photovoltaic (PV) devices, due to their rapidly growing power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low-cost [1]. However, fundamental understandings of HOIPs PV still lags, specifically the origin of high PCE and the anomalous currentvoltage (I-V) hysteresis [2]. Although ferroelectricity is proposed to be responsible for related behavior, the presence of ferroelectricity in HOIPs is hotly debated and convincing evidence supporting ferroelectricity is missing. This is likely due to the high ionic conductivity of HOIPs, which complicates the HOIPs ferroic characterization. A clear understanding of the interplay between ferroic and ionic behavior in HOIPs will be helpful for intelligent PV design.