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[Documents on the origins of myopia. Fourth communication: Cause of myopia and some new perspectives in prevention and treatment (author's transl)].

The author's study of the literature and his own investigations have led him to develop a new theory of the origins of myopia. There are three principal causal factors: 1. close-range vision--weakened accommodation; 2. hereditary conditions; 3. weakened sclera--intraocular pressure. Even at the onset of development of myopia there is a complex interaction between the first two factors, which are involved more or less deeply. The third factor, the weakened sclera, only makes itself felt in more advanced stages of myopia. Two possibilities for prophylaxis and treatment may be inferred from these theories of the pathogenesis of myopia, namely influencing accommodation and surgical measures to strengthen the posterior pole. In addition, it is now possible to evaluate and apply some traditional treatment methods correctly.