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CHRONIC PHYSICAL STRESS CHANGES GENE EXPRESSION OF CATECHOLAMINE BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES IN THE ADRENAL MEDULLA OF ADULT RATS

In this study we examined how chronic forced running (CFR) affects the 
 expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes and cAMP response 
 element-binding (CREB) in the adrenal medulla and the weight of adrenal 
 glands of rats. Also, we examined how CFR and additional acute 
 immobilization stress affect the expression of catecholamine biosynthetic 
 enzymes in the adrenal medulla and the concentration of catecholamines and 
 corticosterone (CORT) in the blood plasma. In this experiment we used as a 
 model forced exercise in rats (treadmill running). We used the most advanced 
 method for determining the level of gene expression, Real-time PCR with 
 TaqMan probes, as well as Western blot analysis (ECL). We found that CFR 
 decreases tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) mRNA 
 and protein levels in the adrenal medulla. The decreased TH and DBH mRNA 
 levels coincide with the reduced expression of CREB in the adrenal medulla 
 and with the reduced plasma CORT level. Additionally, CFR reduces the level 
 of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNA, but elevates its 
 protein level in the adrenal medulla and increases the concentration of 
 adrenaline (A) in the plasma. Reduced level of PNMT mRNA in the adrenal 
 medulla coincides with reduced plasma CORT level. The additional acute 
 immobilization stress increases gene expression of catecholamine 
 biosynthetic enzymes in the adrenal medulla, as well as catecholamines and 
 CORT levels in the plasma. The increased synthesis of PNMT enzyme in the 
 adrenal medulla may result in an increased biosynthesis of A under chronic 
 stress conditions. Additionally, increased level of catecholamines in the 
 plasma after chronic physical stress is the allostatic load that may induce 
 numerous diseases and pathological conditions.