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Diversity of Pyrite-Hosted Solid Inclusions and their Metallogenic Implications—A Case Study from the Myszków Mo–Cu–W Porphyry Deposit (the Kraków–Lubliniec Fault Zone, Poland)

Pyrite from the central part of the Myszków porphyry deposit in Poland was investigated using a combination of reflected and transmitted polarizing microscopy, back-scattered imaging with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman micro-spectroscopy. Five generations of pyrite (I–V) found in hydrothermal veins were distinguished, differing in morphology, microtexture, and the types and amounts of solid inclusions. In general, pyrite hosts a diversity of mineral inclusions, including both gangue and ore phases, i.e., chlorite, quartz, monazite, cerianite-(Ce), xenotime, K-feldspars, albite, sericite, barite, magnetite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bastnaesite (Ce), bismuthinite, native silver, cassiterite, rutile, anatase, and aikinite-group species. The presence of inclusions is good evidence of various stages of the evolution of the hydrothermal lode system ranging from high- to low-temperature conditions. During the formation of stockworks, some fluctuations in the physicochemical conditions of mineralizing fluids were indicated by the occurrence of cassiterite formed from acidic, reducing solutions, and hematite hosted in xenotime or REE phases found in pyrite, which signal more oxidizing conditions. Periodically, some episodes of boiling in the hydrothermal, porphyry-related system were recorded. They were mainly evidenced by the presence of (1) lattice-bladed calcite found in the close vicinity of pyrite II, (2) irregular grain edges of pyrite I, (3) clustered micropores in pyrite I, and (4) the variety of mineral inclusions hosted in I and II generations of pyrite.