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Comparative analysis of intraoperative lung protection technologies in patients having cardiorespiratory comorbidity during coronary bypass surgery with artificial circulation

Objective: Comparative analysis of the effect of budesonide and low-volume artificial lung ventilation (ALV) on pulmonary volemia, oxygen transport and respiratory biomechanics in patients having cardio-respiratory comorbidity during сoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with artificial blood circulation (ABC).Methods: The clinical study included 50 patients having cardiorespiratory comorbidity with a median age of 66 years who were admitted to the clinic of the Far Eastern Federal University for planned CABG in conditions of ABC. The patients were divided into 2 groups by random sampling method. The first group consisted of 25 patients who underwent low-volume artificial lung ventilation (ALV) with inhalation of nebulized budesonide during ABC; the second – 25 patients underwent isolated low-volume ALV during ABC. The study was carried out in three stages: before the start of ABC, after its completion and a day after CABG. Extravascular lung water index (ELWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were registered using method of transpulmonary thermodilution. Oxygen transport indicators were determined: oxygen delivery index (DO2I) and oxygen consumption index (VO2I), pulmonary blood bypass fraction (Qs/Qt), oxygenation index (OI).Results: After turning off ABC in the first group, the ELWI decreased by 23%, in the second group it declined by 8%. Among patients treated with budesonide, PVPI significantly decreased after providing ABC. However among patients of the second group it remained unchanged. DO2I remained in the reference range among all patients. However VO2I was below it with a minimum value in the second group after ABC stopping. In this cohort the level of Qs/Qt was significantly higher, and OI was lower than in patients of the first group. The resistance of the lung tissue decreased on the background of an increase in its compliance among patients who received budesonide immediately after ABC and 2 hours after it. In the second group there was opposite dynamics of these indicators.Conclusions:The combination of low-volume ALV and inhalation of nebulized budesonide during ABC stabilizes the volemic status of the lungs, improves their oxygenating function and respiratory biomechanics in the postperfusion and early postoperative periods of CABG.