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Sex differences in human spatial ability: not an X-linked recessive gene effect.

Abstract Spatial visualization scores were obtained on the members of two hundred families. Large sex differences favoring males were found in both parents and offspring. Familial correlations, however, did not order themselves as predicted from the theory that human spatial visualization is under the control of an X‐linked recessive gene. The results are compatible with a sex limitation and/or socialization theory of ability acquisition.