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A new simulation force algorithm for vascular interventional surgery simulation

A new simulation force algorithm for vascular interventional surgery (VIS) simulation was presented to calculate the simulation force between the guidewire and vascular wall. Firstly, the topology and space bounding box initialization of vascular model were proposed to accelerate the collision detection between the guidewire and vascular wall, and the gravity coordinate method was applied to detect whether the collision between the guidewire and blood vessels occurred or not. Secondly, the perception of collision separation was adopted to describe the collision response between the guidewire and vascular wall. Thirdly, three restriction elements (vertex, edge, triangular facet) were used to represent the collision response. Furthermore, the bisection method was applied to calculate the simulation force. The VIS simulator for renal artery was developed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.