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Determination of cocaine in human plasma by selective solid-phase extraction using an aptamer-based sorbent.

A complete characterization is presented of a highly selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent which exploits the properties of aptamers. An oligosorbent based on aptamers immobilized on a solid support was synthesized and tested for the selective extraction of cocaine from human plasma. Anticocaine aptamers were immobilized to CNBr-activated Sepharose, and an extraction procedure was developed in pure media. Specific retention of cocaine on the oligosorbent was demonstrated, and the capacity of the support was determined. This oligosorbent was then applied to the selective extraction of cocaine from plasma at a concentration of 0.4 mg L(-1), i.e., corresponding to the plasma concentration reached after an intake of a single dose of cocaine. Extraction recovery close to 90% was obtained. Moreover, interfering compounds that perturbed cocaine quantification when using a standard SPE sorbent were not retained on the oligosorbent, thus allowing fast and reliable analyses of plasma samples with an estimated limit of detection of 0.1 microg mL(-1).