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Bioavailability and Brain Deposition of Proanthocyanidin (PAC), Anthocyanin and Flavonoid in Combi‐Phenol Treated Rats on High Fat (HF) or Low Fat (LF) Diet

Consumption of grape derived polyphenols is associated with the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). HF diet, on the other hand, has been shown to be a risk factor on AD onset and progression. To further understand the physiological impact of these compounds ingested as a grape polyphenolic preparation termed ‘Combi‐Phenol’ and the influence of dietary fat on absorption and metabolism of PAC monomer, flavonoid, and anthocyanin, studies were conducted with Sprague‐Dawley rat fed on HF or LF diet. Rats were divided into four groups: LF‐control, HF‐control, LF‐Combi‐Phenol, HF‐Combi‐Phenol and fed on individual diet for 2 weeks prior to Combi‐Phenol treatment. Plasma pharmacokinetics was determined after dosing of Combi‐Phenol or water for 10 days. LC‐MS/MS analysis showed that glucuronide and methylated glucuronide are the main metabolites for (epi)catechin, quercetin, and resveratrol. Glucosides were the major derivatives for anthocyanins present in plasma and brains following Combi‐Phenol consumption regardless fat content in the diet. These data illustrate that dietary fat content did not affect the bioavailability of Combi‐Phenol and their access to the brain was also not influenced.