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Institutional Controls and Local Autonomy in Land-Use Planning: Balancing Economic Development and Environmental Protection in Jasper County, Missouri

MOST LOCAL and state governments in the United States are beset with a quest for economic expansion. The politics of economic development often dominates local governments as politicians and administrators compete for scarce opportunities that create more jobs and expand tax bases. Although local economic development programs are proliferating, governments are facing barriers to future growth in the form of past environmental abuses, such as degraded urban industrial facilities and contaminated soil and water. Moreover, because the U.S. government often offers financial assistance to meet these challenges, regulators from federal agencies want a say in how the land will be used in the future. Federally imposed land-use restrictions may be a reasonable expectation from the federal perspective, but local officials often regard these mandates as infringements on local autonomy and undue liabilities in the struggle for economic growth. In Jasper County, Missouri, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has spent millions of dollars on cleanup efforts associated with lead mining at the Oronogo-Duenweg Mining Belt Superfund Site and has called on local governments to regulate the access and use of contaminated areas with instituInstitutional Controls and Local Autonomy in Land-Use Planning: Balancing Economic Development and Environmental Protection in Jasper County, Missouri