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Two-dimensional full-wave simulation of microwave reflectometry on Alcator C-Mod

A new two-dimensional full-wave code has been developed to simulate ordinary (O) mode reflectometry signals caused by plasma density fluctuations. The code uses the finite-difference time-domain method with a perfectly matched layer absorption boundary to solve Maxwell’s equations. Huygens wave sources are incorporated to generate Gaussian beams. The code has been used to simulate the reflectometer measurement of the quasicoherent mode (60–250 kHz) associated with enhanced Dα (EDA) H modes in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. It is found that an analysis of the realistic experimental layout is essential for the quantitative interpretation of the mode amplitude.