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Transitivity: An Application of Halliday’s Systemic-functional Grammar to Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea

https://doi.org/10.37575/h/lng/2208 ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to investigate the functional significance of transitivity patterns in the American author, Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, depending mainly upon systemic-functional grammar originated by Michael Halliday. Transitivity is a set of grammatical choices made by language users to express their experiences (goings-on). These goings-on are realized by the verb type in the clause. The study aims at investigating the process types: material, mental, relational, behavioral, and existential, with a particular focus on the presentation of the protagonist's inner thoughts and his conscious practices. To achieve the aim of the study, the following objectives have been set: To examine the percentage of the frequent pattern of five process types in the novel, To investigate how the role of transitivity model is interpreted in the main character's actions and the complex mental states of the persona. Having conducted the transitivity analysis, data are analyzed qualitatively with using the proportion method to make up the percentage of each process type. The findings reveal that the material process is the most dominant. Second to this is the relational process. The mental process type is also significant, whereas behavioral and existential process types represent a slight portion of the texture of the novel. The dominance of material processes can justify the critics’ arguments on the novel’s dynamism and the old man’s heroism represented in his struggle with the giant marlin. So, the study can be an attempt to explore how the theme of the novel is expressed by the author’s linguistic choices. تامولعم  نع   ةقرولا