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Lens design with Forbes aspheres

Lens design is a continually expanding field being driven by applications with increasingly difficult packaging and imaging constraints. In order to meet the challenges posed by current and future design tasks, axisymmetric aspheric optical surfaces deviating from conicoids are required. Practical use of such surfaces is being enabled by ever-improving manufacturing and metrology methods. In this paper lens design with Forbes' orthogonal aspheres is investigated. The significant advantages of such an orthogonal representation for design of systems with good performance and manufacturability are highlighted.