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Hepatoprotective Effect of the Macrotyloma uniflorum Seed (Horse gram) in Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats

Abstract Macrotyloma uniflorum is a lesser known bean consumed as a whole seed or sprout in India. The protective effect of a hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum (MUSE) in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in rats. Liver damage was induced in rats by administering ethanol (4 g/kg, 20 % w/v p.o.) once daily for 21 days. MUSE (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and the reference drug silymarin (100 mg/kg) were administered orally for 28 days to ethanol treated rats, this treatment beginning 7 days prior to the commencement of ethanol administration. MUSE elicited significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity by attenuating the ethanol-elevated levels of serum marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), bilirubin, hepatic and serum triglycerides and the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde, and by restoring the ethanol-depleted levels of albumin, total proteins, reduced glutathione and the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. The present findings indicate that hepatoprotective effect of MUSE in ethanol-induced oxidative damage may be due to an augmentation of the endogenous antioxidants and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liver.