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MicroRNA profile analysis of host cells before and after wild human rotavirus infection

Rotavirus infection is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children, but the interaction between rotavirus and host cells is not completely understood. We isolated a wildtype (wt) rotavirus strain, ZTR‐68(P [8] G1), which is derived from an infant with diarrhea in southwest China in 2010. In this study, we investigated host cellular miRNA expression profiles changes in response to ZTR‐68 in early stage of infection to investigate the role of miRNAs upon rotavirus infection. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by deep sequencing and qRT‐PCR and the function of their targets predicted by Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation. A total of 36 candidate miRNAs were identified. Comparative analysis indicated that 29 miRNAs were significantly down‐regulated and 7 were up‐regulated after infection. The data were provided contrasting the types of microRNAs in two different permissive cell lines (HT29 and MA104). The target assays results showed that mml‐miR‐7 and mml‐miR‐125a are involved in anti‐rotavirus and virus–host interaction in host cells. These results offer clues for identifying potential candidates in vector‐based antiviral strategies. J. Med. Virol. 88:1497–1510, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.