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Endothelial vasodilatory cannabinoid receptor in the human pulmonary artery: a future option in the therapy of pulmonary hypertension?

It has been known for several years that cannabinoids may elicit not only neurobehavioral, but also cardiovascular effects. The effects of cannabinoids are thought to be mediated via two cannabinoid receptors (CB), CB1 and CB2, both of which have been cloned. However, it remains unclear whether further mechanism(s) contribute to the vasodilatory effects of cannabinoids. Particularly, the publications of G. Kunos and colleagues have influenced the present understanding of the vascular effects of cannabinoids. In 1997, this group demonstrated that the endocannabinoid anandamide contributes to the peripheral vasodilation during hemorrhagic shock by activation of the CB1 receptor [1]. However, later data from the same group raised the hypothesis that an endothelial site distinct from the CB1 or CB2 receptor mediates cannabinoid-mediated mesenteric vasodilation in rats, possibly by means of release of endotheliumderived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) [2]. This concept is supported by more recent experimental data showing that anandamide-mediated nitric oxide production in rabbit aortic cells is CB1/CB2-receptor independent [3].