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False‐positive findings, multiple comparisons and the strength of hypotheses

The purpose of this commentary is to discuss under what circumstances false-positive results are a critical issue in clinical and epidemiological research and consider how they are related to the number of analyses and to the biological underpinning of each analysis. Here, we define a falsepositive result as a statistically significant result in a situation in which the null hypothesis is true. For consistency, we refer to all statistically significant results as positive. We consider hypothesis testing and statistical significance, but the discussion is also applicable to confidence intervals.