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Structural dependence of anti-diabetic effect of steviol glycosides and their metabolites on streptozocin induced diabetic mice.

BACKROUND
Stevia has been prospected as a potential anti-diabetic sweetener, which was mainly based on inconsistent results from stevioside or the plant extract, yet lack of the relative experimental evidence from individual steviol glycosides (SGs) and their metabolites.


RESULTS
The experiment systematically revealed that the typical SGs and their final metabolite (steviol) presented anti-diabetic effect on the STZ diabetic mice in all assayed anti-diabetic aspects. In general, the performance strength of the samples followed the sequence: Steviol> Steviol glucosyl ester >Steviolbioside > Rubusoside >Stevioside >Rebaudioside A, which is opposite to their sweetness strength order, and generally in accordance with the glucosyl group numbers in their molecules. It may imply that the anti-diabetic effect of the SGs might be achieved through steviol, which presented similar anti-diabetic performance as metformin did with a dose of 1/20 of metformin. Moreover, the18 F-fluoro-deoxyglucose traced Micro-PET experiment revealed that stevioside and steviol could increase the uptake of glucose in myocardium and brain of the diabetic mice within 60 min, and decrease the accumulation of glucose in the liver and kidney.


CONCLUSION
The SGs and steviol presented anti-diabetic effect on the STZ diabetic mice in all assayed aspects, with an induction time to start the effect of the SGs. Stevioside and steviol could increase uptake of glucose in the myocardium and brain of the diabetic mice, and decrease accumulation of glucose in the liver and kidney. The performance strength of the SGs is generally in accordance with glucosyl group numbers in their molecules. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.