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Pharmacist’s contribution to medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes in endocrinology clinic

Background: Elderly people are prone to have chronic diseases requiring continuous medications. Adherence is a key factor in managing these patients. Improved adherence to medicines has a positive impact on the reduction of their hospital visits and health-related quality of life. Objective: This study investigated the potential of the pharmacists to improve medication adherence and to optimize treatment outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled study comprising patient- and physician-focused intervention was carried out at the endocrinology clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. At baseline and six months, each group had 75 eligible patients. Patient’s self-reported adherence level to medications was assessed with modified Morisky four-item adherence scale, clinical variables were determined, and the likely reasons for nonadherence and required information were assessed. Outcome measures: Variation in adherence scores, mean clinical variables and improved patients’ knowledge base. Results: No significant differences were observed in adherence scores between control and intervention groups at baseline. High and low adherence scores in both groups were 33.3% versus 36.0% (P = 0.873) and 26.7% versus 25.3% (P = 1.000), respectively. Patients’ response at the end of intervention revealed significant score differences across board between the groups. High and low adherence scores in both groups were 34.7% versus 88.0% (P = 0.001) and 21.3% versus 2.7% (P = 0.002), respectively. Conclusion: The intervention was successful in improving adherence scores, clinical variables, patients’ knowledge base, and indication of pharmacists’ potential to bring about positive outcomes among patients with chronic diseases. There is a need for professional collaboration in disease management for the improved outcomes of patients.