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Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based vegetation change detection in Som River Catchment

Som River originates from Southern Arawalli hills near the Som village in Kherwara Tehsil of district Udaipur. It runs southeast through Southern Arawalli region and joins river Mahi near the place Beneshwar. This catchment is natural habitat of tribes living here from decades. The river Som is a right hand tributary of river Mahi. The Som River catchment has an area of about 8007 km2 (Bhalla,2012) NDVI gives information on vegetation efficiency, greenness and phenology for large spatial-temporal scales and has been widely used nowadays. These studies are vital for vegetation efficiency and their phenology. Healthy and green vegetation absorb almost all the incoming red light that comes over it whereas it reflects back most of the near infrared light. The dead and stressed vegetation emits more red lights and less amount of near infrared. In the same way, the surface which has less vegetation cover has much more reflectance. The NDVI, ranges from -1 to 1, is derived from near-infrared and red bands of remotely sensed images (NIR − RED)/ (NIR + RED). The lowest values of NDVI (0.1 and lower than this) linked to barren part of land, hilly surface, sandy soil etc. The medium range values are characterized by shrub, bushes and grass field (values typically ranges from 0.2 to 0.3), whereas very high values is represented by rainforest (values ranges from 0.6 to 0.8). The core concept of NDVI works on the principle of chlorophyll that is present in the plant and it absorbs sunlight. It is further observed in the red-light region of the EMS (Electromagnetic spectrum) by the remote sensing satellite, whereas dead and stressed plant reflects in the near-infrared region. Due to this, dense and healthy green vegetation’s red light reflectance is very low Article Publication