{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03324538258575198, 'fraction_numerical': 0.018469656992084433, 'mean_word_length': 5.135922330097087, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Contribution of Brazilian dermatologists to the development of dermatology

The first recognized publications in dermatology are from the 18th century in France, England, Austria, and Germany. In 1912, Brazilian dermatology was created as a specialty. Since then, 18 new dermatoses or new clinical forms of recognized dermatologic diseases have been described. • Keratomycose nigricans palmar (tinea nigra). In 1891, Alexandre Cerqueira described a new disease characterized by black lesions, localized on the palm of the hand, produced by a fungus. This disease was inoculated in a male volunteer. This discovery was written by his son, Cerqueira-Pinto 1 (Fig. 1). • Fogo selvagem (Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus). In 1903, Paes Lemos 2 described an endemic dermatosis in Brazil known by the name of “fogo selvagem.” It is actually pemphigus foliaceus, which acquires a different form in the endemic variety that occurs in the interior areas of Brazil and South America. According to Flaviano Silva, 3 the first clinical diagnosis of Brazilian pemphigus was made before 1900 by Professor Alexandre Cerqueira. Unfortunately, it was not published. • Lutz mycosis (paracoccidioidomycosis). This was described by Adolpho Lutz in 1908. 4 He demonstrated that paracoccidioidomycosis, a novel systemic mycosis, was caused by a different organism from that producing coccidioidomycosis. • Piedra nigra. This is a variant of a known disease (piedra) which presents with white nodules in the hair. Parreiras Horta 5 described another form of hair infection with black nodules, called piedra nigra. • Blastomicose nigra (chromoblastomycosis). In 1911, Alexandrino Pedroso and J. M. Gomes discovered a new disease characterized by verrucous lesions, showing black round parasites inside the histopathologic lesions. They called it black blastomycosis. This finding was referenced by Fonseca and Area Leão. 6