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Modelling the 2010 Chilean Tsunami using the H2Ocean unstructured mesh model

The 2010 Chile megathrust earthquake, with a magnitude of 8.8 on the Richter magnitude scale, occurred on February 27, 2010 at 06:34 UTC and initiated a devastating tsunami which severely hit the central coast of Chile. An intriguing aspect of this tsunami is the delayed arrival of a destructive wave, larger than the initial wave, at Talcahuano harbour three hours after the initial earthquake shock. The 2010 Chile tsunami has been modelled using H2Ocean tsunami model using Moreno’s, Delouis’ and Vigny’s earthquake solutions. Each earthquake model produces realistic tsunami wave fields and predicts the large wave which severally flooded the Bay of Concepcion. Numerical simulations also show persistent sea surface oscillations for several hours. The computed surface elevations have been processed to compute the energy flux. The energy flux shows the presence and the important role of edge waves during this event. It shows that constructive wave interference of two edge waves over the submarine canyon nearby Cobquecura leads to the large wave which destroyed Talcahuano harbour.