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Newly graduated nurses' stress, coping, professional identity and Work Locus of control: Results of a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Taipei.

AIM
The study aimed to explore and compare stress, coping, professional identity and work locus of control of new graduate nurses among Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Taipei.


BACKGROUND
The transition from a student to a staff nurse role is recognized as a stressful experience and can be a rough journey. Many newly graduated nurses find it challenging to cope with their new roles in their first few months.


METHODS
A cross-sectional research. This study was completed in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Taipei with newly graduated nurses working in hospitals. A total of 591 graduate nurses who had worked within one year in hospitals was recruited using convenient sampling. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, including demographics, the occupational stress scale, the Chinese trait coping style questionnaire, the nurse professional identity scale and the work locus of control scale (Chinese version).


RESULTS
The newly graduated nurses in Shanghai had significantly lower (p<0.05) work stress score (2.65±0.67) compared to their counterparts in Hong Kong (2.99±0.69) and Taipei (2.94±0.60). Newly graduated nurses in Shanghai tended to choose positive coping to deal with stressful situations, whereas those in Hong Kong would be more likely to adopt negative attitudes (p<0.05). The newly graduated nurses in Taipei had the lowest level of professional identity (3.25±0.55, p<0.05), and their work control tended to be external (46.13±6.20). In contrast, those in Shanghai (52.75±6.04) and Hong Kong (59.41±7.29) tended to be controlled internally.


CONCLUSIONS
The study findings revealed the differences among newly graduated nurses in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Taipei with their level of stress, coping, professional identity, and work locus of control. Proper leadership, mentoring for newly graduated nurses, and emphasis on first aid nursing training, emotional management, and management of stress in newly graduated nurse transition programs were suggested.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
By comparing the results in the three regions, we recommend that nursing managers promote the right leadership style. In addition to coaching, nursing managers can assign additional mentors to newly graduated nurses to help them supplement their clinical knowledge and skills with psychological support. These mentors can come from senior nurses or nursing managers working on less demanding tasks. In addition to the existing post transfer training programs, new graduate nurses should also focus on emergency nursing training, emotional management training and stress management training.