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Stellar attitude determination for geosynchronous missions

The performance and functionality of star trackers has greatly improved over the past decade due to technological advances in charge-coupled devices, microprocessors, and application-specific integrated circuits. These technological advances have also lowered the cost of star trackers to the range of competing attitude sensors such as horizon sensors. This study evaluates the attitude reference requirements of a three-axis geosynchronous satellite (GOES- NEXT) and addresses the use of star trackers to replace a traditional attitude determination sensor suite based on horizon sensors and digital fine sun sensors. Although the GOES-NEXT satellite is used as a specific example in this study, the results are applicable to other geosynchronous remote sensing or communications satellites.