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IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO CAFFEINE REDUCES DNA METHYLATION IN HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

There is growing evidence that alterations in the intrauterine environment can have lasting effects on an individual's health. By disrupting prenatal development, environmental factors can lead to the fetal programming of adult disease, including cardiovascular disease. One substance that fetuses are frequently exposed to is caffeine, which is a non‐selective adenosine receptor antagonist. Caffeine consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy is reported by 60% of pregnant women. Human studies have shown correlations between caffeine use during pregnancy and low birth weight, childhood obesity, and neurodevelopmental deficits in children. Although, all do not accept some of these deleterious effects, it is concerning enough that the United States and many Nordic countries recommend that pregnant women consume less than 200 mg/day, or about 2 cups of coffee a day.