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Rapid virological response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an increase of hepatitis C virus-specific interferon-gamma production predisposes to sustained virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 undergoing treatment with pegylated-interferon alpha 2a plus ribav

Abstract Objective. Viral load evaluation in plasma, after 1 month of treatment, represents one of the most important parameters to predict treatment response during interferon (IFN) treatment in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). It has been proven that hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA may be present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) but few studies have investigated the viral load in PBMCs during treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate HCV RNA in PBMCs during therapy with pegylated-IFN-α2a plus ribavirin and whether its clearance in PBMCs may induce a treatment response. Furthermore, we also analyzed the IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 responses of PBMCs during therapy. Material and methods. We studied 35 patients with CHC genotype 1 undergoing antiviral treatment with pegylated IFN-α2a 180 μg weekly plus ribavirin 1000 mg/daily. In these patients we evaluated HCV-RNA in plasma and PBMCs, IFN-γ and IL-4 before treatment, after 1, 3 and 12 months of treatment and 6 months after the end of treatment. Results. We found that rapid virological clearance of HCV-RNA in PBMCs with a restored and improved HCV-specific IFN-γ response was statistically significantly higher in those with a sustained virological response (SVR). Conclusion. Patients having a rapid virological response in PBMCs with an improved Th1 network achieve a complete SVR, whereas those having viral clearance only in plasma without a restored Th1 network have a relapse.