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High-power diode lasers and their surgical applications

Semiconductor laser diodes are compact, efficient, and reliable sources of laser light that have been extensively used in laser printers, optical telecommunications, and optical disc systems. Although powers up to several tens of watts have been available from such devices, the ability to couple power into medically useful optical fibers has been limited to a few watts, restricting applications primarily to ophthalmology. To expand the medical applications of diode lasers into general surgery we have developed a 25 W medical laser diode system with a standard SMA-905 connection for 400, 600, or 1000 micrometers core medical delivery fibers. In-vitro comparisons between the 805 nm diode and 1064 nm Nd:YAG show similar vaporization and necrosis zones in contact mode but a higher absorption coefficient for the diode laser in non- contact mode. The results of clinical use in both modes demonstrate the clinical efficacy of this small compact and portable system in a wide range of surgical applications.