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Magnetic Measurements of Action Currents in a Single Nerve Axon: A Core-Conductor Model

Measurements have been performed on the medial giant axon of the crayfish in which both microelectrode recordings of the transmembrane action potential and magnetic recordings of the axial, intracellular action current were obtained at a single location along the nerve. This approach is unique because the combination of electric and magnetic techniques allows for independent measurements of transmembrane potential and intracellular current without assumptions regarding membrane capacitance or axonal resistances. The availability of both types of data recorded at a single location on the axon allows the core-conductor model to be solved explicitly for the internal axial resistance of the axon, the membrane capacitance, and the membrane conduction current density without the need to make a series of subthreshold measurements of passive cable properties. The extracellular magnetic measurements can be used both to determine the transmembrane action potential without the need to penetrate the nerve membrane with a microelectrode, and to obtain approximate values for the sodium and potassium peak conductances.