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Use of Relay Nodes in Body Area Sensor Network for Reducing Power Consumption

Wireless body area sensor networks give us health care services by continuous, remote and non-invasive monitoring. This network system should monitor various Physiological parameters of a person for a long period of time. Wireless body area sensor network requires energy efficient communication protocols to minimize the energy consumption and hence for increasing the life time of whole system. This paper explain the effects of adding a relay network in conjunction with the sensor network for reducing power consumption of sensor nodes when transmitting data to the base station. For placing the relay nodes in sensor network we use the Relay and Routing Co-scheduling Algorithm (R2CA). A Wireless Body Area Network consists of small, intelligent devices attached on or implanted in the body which are capable of establishing a wireless communication link. These devices provide continuous health monitoring and real-time feedback to the user or medical personnel. Two types of devices can be distinguished: sensors and actuators. The sensors are used to measure certain parameters of the human body, either externally or internally. Examples include measuring the heartbeat, body temperature or recording a prolonged electrocardiogram (ECG). The actuators (or actors) on the other hand take some specific actions according to the data they receive from the sensors or through interaction with the user, e.g., an actuator equipped with a built-in reservoir and pump administers the correct dose of insulin to give to diabetics based on the glucose level measurements (1). Energy consumption can be divided into three domains: sensing, (wireless) communication and data processing .The wireless communication is likely to be the most power consuming. The power available in the nodes is often restricted because the energy source of the sensor nodes is the battery. The size of the battery used to store the needed energy is the largest contributor to the sensor device in terms of both dimensions and weight. Due to limited energy and the difficulty in recharging a large number of sensor nodes energy efficiency and maximizing the network lifetime are the most important design goals of a sensor network. (2) In BASN, the number of sensor nodes and the scale of the network are smaller and the communication range is shorter than other applications of sensor networks, such as environment monitoring. Each or every small group of sensors collects a different parameter(s) with different bit rates in different alternations. in a BASN communication takes place near the human body which is a very lossy medium. Consequently, the electromagnetic waves are attenuated considerably, or stated otherwise, the radio signals experience a high path loss. This means that transmitting over an arbitrary distance near the human body is not always possible. Another problem may be possible tissue heating. This effect can arise when too much power is transmitted near the human body (3) In this paper, we propose a relay network to be used in companion with the sensor nodes in BASNs to provide multi hop communications. We show that communication energy usage of the sensor nodes decreases dramatically and the sensors' life time increases compared to single hop and simple multi hop transmissions. A relay network, moreover, makes it possible to use WSNs' protocols in BSNs.