{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.018947368421052633, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.65034965034965, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Evolutionarily conserved differences in pallial and thalamic short‐term synaptic plasticity in striatum

Recent studies have shown that the striatum and the basal ganglia are to a remarkable degree conserved throughout the vertebrate phylum. As the basic organization of the neural machinery for action selection is present in the lamprey, it is essential to understand how the striatum is activated. In this study we characterize the pharmacology and synaptic dynamics from the lateral pallium (LPal; cortex) and thalamus (Th), the main excitatory input to the striatum. We show that, as in mammals, the LPal and Th provide glutamatergic excitation to the striatum, but with completely opposite short‐term synaptic plasticity due to differences in presynaptic properties. These synaptic differences are also characteristic of the mammalian striatum, suggesting that these are fundamental components of the vertebrate mechanisms for action selection.