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New Twist to an Old Riddle: The Bombing of Kassa (Kosice), June 26, 1941

One of the most intriguing incidents of modern Hungarian history is the air raid against what was then northeastern Hungary on June 26, 1941, four days after the launching of Operation Barbarossa. In the early afternoon of that day unidentified aircraft strafed targets in Sub-Carpathia and bombed the provincial center of Kassa (the present-day Kosice) located near the Hungarian-Slovak border of 1941. Since the incident climaxed a series of developments which led to the decision of the Hungarian government of the day to join Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union, it became a cause celebre in Hungarian political and historical literature. The raid aroused much speculation during the war, and since then it has attracted the attention of a number of historians, both in Hungary and abroad. In spite of this, however, there is no satisfactory explanation of the raid. Thirty-one years after the event, the Kassa affair still remains a mystery. This fact will not surprise anyone familiar with the nature of the evidence concerning the event. The perpetrators of the attack seem to have vanished without leaving a hint of their identity. Captured German sources have been searched in vain for conclusive evidence.1 The information regarding the incident provided by records of war-crimes trials and memoirs of contemporary statesmen is confusing and contradictory. Equally unreliable is the only eyewitness account that has been available to date. Nor did the situation regard-