{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04456094364351245, 'fraction_numerical': 0.022280471821756225, 'mean_word_length': 4.701492537313433, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Numerical Simulation of High Speed Single-Grain Cutting Using a Coupled FE-SPH Approach

In this study, to simulate the grinding process for rolled homogeneous armor steel (RHA) 4043, a single-grain cutting process is modeled using a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical model, which is developed using a coupled finite element (FE) - smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach. The proposed numerical model is then employed to investigate the influences of grain negative rake angle (-22°, -31°, and-45°) as well as high and super-high cutting speed ranged from 100 m/s to 260 m/s in the cutting processes. The numerical results show the cutting forces are much lower and the maximum chip thickness is much larger when using a smaller grain negative rake angle.