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Misrecognition: 4 Essays on C. A. Doxiadis

Constantinos Apostolos Doxiadis (1913–1975) graduated as an Architect-Engineer from the National Technical University of Athens in 1935 and obtained his doctorate at Charlottenburg University, Berlin, one year later. In 1937, he was appointed as Chief Town Planning Officer for the Greater Athens Area. During the war (1940–1945), he was Chief of the National Resistance Group, Hephaestus, and published the underground magazine ‘Regional Planning, Town Planning, and Ekistics’. He was appointed as Undersecretary to the Ministry of Housing and Reconstruction (1945–1948) and Minister Coordinator (1948– 1951) of the Greek Recovery Program. In 1951, he founded ‘Doxiadis Associates’, a private firm of consulting engineers that became established on five continents and in 40 countries. In 1959, Doxiadis founded the Athens Technological Organization, an organization for research and education. Ekistics is a term coined by C.A. Doxiadis from the Greek verb oικìζω, meaning to settle down, and denotes an overall science of human settlements. Ekistics conceives of the human settlement as a living organism having its own laws. Through the study of the evolution of human settlements, it develops the capacity needed to solve its problems. In his book Misrecognition: 4 essays on C.A. Doxiadis, Demosthenes Agrafiotis presents Doxiadis’ work as an exceptional case in the Greek landscape of scientific and technological research and postgraduate studies from the period 1950–1975. During that period there were other research groups working with distinguished researchers, but none of their activities compared to those covered by Doxiadis’ team. The book consists of four essays written in the name of the approach ‘S/T/S’, Science/ Technology/Society that together provide an indication of Doxiadis’ peculiar route through the Greek cultural scene. The first essay explains why the work of Doxiadis constitutes a paradox in the Greek research landscape. The ambition of Doxiadis to create a new scientific field, and even an epistemological area, named ‘Ekistics’ does not correspond to the Greek context; it relates mainly to the international dynamics of scientific and technological knowledge and of course, to the dynamics of human settlements. In fact from 1950 onwards, Greek society entered a phase of modernization characterized by a lack of correspondence between the functioning of an economically productive system and its sociocultural unity. In fact, it is still characterized by a conflict of directions. This ‘tension’ involves Research, Science and Technology. The demand for research in Doxiadis’ day was very limited and it would be impossible to quantify the many gaps between researchers and those that might apply it. In this environment, the Doxiadis paradox has been characterized by a multitude of sub-paradoxes: