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Regulatory mechanisms of in vitro human IgE synthesis *

The IgE antibody system is among the most sophisticated of the known immune defense mechanisms. Although its specific function is still unknown, this system probably protects the host against offending agents encountered via the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Unlike other immunoglobulin classes, IgE molecules bind specifically and avidly to receptors localized on the surface of tissue mast cells and circulating basophils. These cells are capable of producing and releasing several potent mediator molecules. The interaction of the antigen with a small number of IgE molecules is already sufficient to initiate a protective reaction for which the system was designed. However, because of its unusual amplification power, the IgE antibody system is highly susceptible to perturbations resulting in overproduction of IgE which determines the appearance of allergic manifestations. The highest IgE levels (excluding IgE myelomas) have been found in patients with hyperIgE (Buckley's) syndrome, where cellular immune defects coexist with susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infections (1). Very high IgE serum levels are characteristic of patients infected by parasites, which interestingly induce the production of a large excess of parasitespecific and -nonspecific IgE. Also primary im-