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Genetic predisposition and mesenchymal‐epithelial interactions in ras + myc—induced carcinogenesis in reconstituted mouse prostate

Using a mouse prostate reconstitution (MPR) model system, strain‐specific responses to the ras and myc oncogenes were investigated. When ras + myc were introduced into both the mesenchymal and epithelial compartments of the urogenital sinus, poorly differentiated prostate cancer was produced at a high frequency (>90%) in inbred C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, under similar conditions, inbred BALB/c MPRs formed benign prostatic hyperplasia that converted to cancer at a low frequency (<10%). Restricting the oncogenes to the mesenchymal or epithelial compartments revealed that oncogene activities were more pronounced in the mesenchyme of C57BL/6 mice and resulted in elevated transforming growth factor‐β1 expression along with a severe desmoplastic reaction. Heterologous MPRs composed of BALB/c mesenchyme and C57BL/6 epithelium or vice versa demonstrated that intrinsic properties of BALB/c mesenchyme can arrest the progression of ras + myc—initiated C57BL/6 epithelium from benign hyperplasia to malignant carcinoma.