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THE SEARCH FOR NEW SOLUTIONS TO FIGHT MYCOTOXINS

Mycotoxins are a group of secondary metabolites formed in fungi that have a toxic effect. Under the influence of environmental factors, the variety of mycotoxins is continuously increasing. From plant raw materials, mycotoxins pass into the mammalian body and accumulate in it. The fight against mycotoxins is conducted in two directions. One of them includes standard physical, biological and chemical methods aimed to increase plant resistance to pathogens and remove mycotoxins from plant raw materials or suppress their growth. The second direction is the addition of sorption substances on the nutritional diet, which neutralize the negative impact of mycotoxins on the body during digestion. Sorption substances should be selective to mycotoxins; stable at different pH values and high temperature. Besides, they should be less binding to vitamins and micro and macronutrients. These substances include natural or technical adsorbents, and humic substances possess sorption properties. The presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in their composition in combination with aromatic structures contributes to active participation in sorption processes. These factors allow humic substances and preparations derived from them to act as natural detoxifying substances. A promising extract to fight against mycotoxins is an ultradisperse humic-sapropel suspension containing humic substances. The suspension was obtained using the technology developed at the Institute of lake science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, by the method of alkaline extraction from sapropel under the influence of ultrasonic cavitation. Experiments conducted with the use of this suspension on barley grains and distillers' grain proved a decrease in the concentration of fungi and bacteria in the samples under study. That indicates the fungicidal and bactericidal properties of the suspension. Reliable positive results were obtained when using the suspension for growing heifers of the dairy black and white breed and in crop production when growing wheat. Further research should be directed to establish the adsorbing role of ultradisperse humic-sapropel suspensions and identify its ability to detoxify various mycotoxins without binding useful mineral and vitamin complexes. The positive results of the study will serve as the basis for creating a substance, which will solve the problem of detoxification of mycotoxins in both directions.