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Metal Nanoparticle Decorated ZnO Nanostructure Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Solar energy has always been an ideal renewable energy source that is clean, abundant, inexpensive, and widely distributed regionally in the world [1–3]. Understanding this, the emergence of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for converting solar energy to electricity has been very promising due to the ease of the manufacturing process, the low fabrication cost, the fact that it is nonpolluting, and the relatively high efficiency [1, 4–6]. It is known that a typical DSSC consists of various subsections, includinng a nanocrystalline semiconductor oxide photoanode, dye sensitizer, redox couple electrolyte, and counterelectrode [3, 4]. The main idea behind the operating principle of DSSCs is based on the optical excitation of a dye that results in the injection of an electron into the conduction band of a wide band gap semiconductor oxide. The oxidized dye molecule is regenerated afterwards when it is reduced to its ground state by gaining one electron from a redox couple that is found in the electrolyte around the sensitized semiconductor oxide nanostructured film [3–5]. Since the first outstanding research work on DSSC was demonstrated by O’Regan and Gratzel in 1991 [5], each of its components has been extensively investigated and optimized, with the aim to maximize the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs [4, 7, 8]. Recently, a PCE of 12.3% has been achieved by using the cosensitization of two dyes Metal Nanoparticle Decorated ZnO Nanostructure Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Gregory Thien Soon How, Kandasamy Jothivenkatachalam, Alagarsamy Pandikumar, and Nay Ming Huang