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Third Worldism and the Panama Canal

This chapter investigates how, between 1970 and 1977, Panama’s military regime participated in the second generation of the historical movement, Third Worldism. To insert itself into the movement, Panama emphasized that, without access to the Panama Canal, the isthmus would remain undeveloped and subservient to Washington. Third Worldism attracted a large worldwide audience. To examine Panama’s use of the movement, this chapter first analyzes the regime’s reliance on Third-World commonalities to foster international solidarity for new treaties. Secondly, the study shows how the general encouraged the blending of Third Worldism at the local level in propaganda films and theatrical productions. Lastly, the chapter evaluates the 1977 plebiscite for Panamanians to vote for the treaties as a method to legitimize the regime’s existence to isthmians and the global community.