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Laser-Generated Ag Nanoparticles in Mesoporous TiO2 Films: Formation Processes and Modeling-Based Size Prediction

Controlling the formation of nanoparticles (NPs) by direct laser writing ensures an efficient way of engineering the optical responses of nanocomposite materials through adjusting laser parameters such as power, focusing, and writing speed. The growth of NPs, photo-oxidation, and reduction affect the light absorption by an ensemble of laser-activated NPs. However, those self-consistent processes are not well understood. Previous studies explained the growth or shrinkage of silver NPs by neglecting heat diffusion. It remained unclear, however, how the NP size can be controlled by the laser writing speed. In this work, based on the coupled calculations of size variation, heat diffusion, and light absorption by an ensemble of NPs, we propose a two-dimensional model taking into account the spatial information of size and temperature. The spatial size distribution is revealed to be nonuniform, leading to the transmission inhomogeneity along the laser written lines. This fact is confirmed by the in situ transmi...