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An experimental study of the instability of a stably stratified free shear layer

A stably stratified free shear layer is created in a continuously circulating water channel in the laboratory. Two streams of salt water of different concentrations are brought together at the entrance to the open channel and a layered uniform flow field with a distinct sharp interface is produced in the test section. The maximum density difference between the two layers is Δρx = 0·0065ρw, where ρw is the density of water. The velocity of each layer can be adjusted at will to create free shear across the interface. At the end of the open channel, a mechanical device to separate the layers for recirculation is provided. The resulting flow field has a viscous region approximately 15 times larger than the scale of the salinity diffusion layer. Visual observations are made with hydrogen bubbles and dye traces. Interfacial waves are initiated by artificial excitation. The perturbation frequencies range from 0·476 to 10·40Hz. The measured wavelengths range from 0·46 to 3·02 cm. Damped waves as well as growing waves are observed at various exciting frequencies. Velocity profiles and instantaneous velocities are measured by a hot-film anemometer designed for use in salt water. Experimental values of the Richardson number, the dominant parameter characterizing the instability process, range from 1·23 to 14·45. The stability boundary is determined experimentally. Comparisons with Hazel's numerical results and the earlier results of Scotti & Corcos for low values of the Richardson number are also made.