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8 The Role of History, Nostalgia and Heritage in the Construction and Indigenisation of State-led Political and Economic Identities in Contemporary China

Over the years interlocutors have pointed to the role of elites in the selective
 utilisation of history, memory, nostalgia and heritage within modern
 China; particularly, scholars have pointed to the role of Confucianism,
 humiliation history and totalitarian nostalgia within these hegemonic
 processes. However, with the exception of work on Shanghai, there is
 a paucity of investigations on the role of local elites in the utilisation
 of local historical-geographic discourses within contemporary China.
 Acknowledging this lacuna in the extant literature, this chapter argues
 that ‘local elites’ – defined as coalitions of local officials, developers,
 commercialists and/or urban conservationists – are increasingly coming
 together to utilise local histories, memory, nostalgia and heritage as a
 tool of urban marketing and place-branding. To unpack this argument,
 this chapter therefore explores local state coalitions dedicated to urban
 development in the cities of Shanghai, Wuhan and Xi’an.