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Feeding resistant starch to Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rats improves glucose status

Dietary prebiotics have shown potential in the anti‐diabetes field. Our group has worked on resistant starch (RS), one type of prebiotic. We showed that dietary resistant starch possesses favorable impact on gut hormone profiles, including promoting GLP‐1 release consistently, an potent anti‐diabetic incretin (Zhou et al, 2006). Also we demonstrated dietary RS reduces body fat (Keenan, 2006; Shen, 2008). The current project is to determine if resistant starch can improve glucose status in a genetic animal model of diabetes. We hypothesize that dietary resistant starch can improve glucose metabolism in a type 2 diabetic rat model. The Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non‐obese Wistar substrain which develops Type 2 diabetes mellitus early in life. In this study GK rats were fed a diet containing 30% resistant starch that was isocaloric and isonitrogenous when compared to the control diet. After 10 weeks of treatment, fasting blood glucose was reduced by feeding the resistant starch diet. It is proposed that altered gut fermentation and microbiota are the initial mechanisms by which RS improves diabetes and that enhance serum gut peptides (ie., GLP‐1, PYY and GIP) are secondary mechanisms involved in improve beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in this model of diabetes. This dietary approach is potentially of great therapeutic importance in the treatment of diabetes.