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Apocalypse Against Empire: Theologies of Resistance in Early Judaism (review)

lexicon provides more information pertaining to the LXX, and words that appear in the LXX only as variant readings and are not in the text of Rahlfs or the Göttingen edition, the two editions of the LXX used by Chamberlain; many of the words in this last category are not treated in BDAG, but as far as I can discern, all are treated in this lexicon. Appendix 3 (pp. 251–256) contains “Septuagint—English Bible Parallels.” The strength of this lexicon is Chamberlain’s use of the context in the LXX Greek sentence and then more broadly in the world of ancient Greek literature to determine the meanings of words in their various contexts in the LXX. His use of parallels in other Greek literature to support the meanings he suggests for words in LXX contexts is impressive, and no other LXX lexicon can compare with his work in this regard. Where the LXX Greek does not make sense, Chamberlain sees no problem because in the Hellenistic (and Jewish) world prophecies were expected to often be enigmatic with meanings that could await a future unfolding (pp. x, xxiv). On the other hand, some will probably consider Chamberlain’s use of the Greek context to determine the meaning of words in the LXX to be the weakest part of his lexicon because he determines the meanings of words in the LXX with little if any attention to their corresponding words in their Hebrew Vorlage. The tension between these two approaches is foundational to the complexity of interpreting the LXX. Should interpreters seek the meaning intended by the translator or the meaning understood by the Greek reader, who may not have access to the Vorlage? Should interpreters seek the meaning of LXX words in their Greek context, as Chamberlain does, or should they seek to determine their meaning by comparing them with the corresponding words in their Hebrew Vorlage? Chamberlain leaves no doubt about his approach; his lexicon is “a systematic attempt” to acknowledge every use of a word in the LXX that corresponds to the expectations of the Greek language and to account for all the exceptions (p. xii).