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Determination of Heat Islands from Landsat Tm Data : Relationship between Surface Temperature and Urbanization Factors in Istanbul

Structuring, which is increasing due to the growth and the inevitable in urbanization, is one of the most important factor of urban climate change. City centers grow warmer than outer regions and due to the factors’ intensity, urban heat islands form in the city. The aim of this paper is to introduce relationship between BAC (Basement Area Coefficient) and FAC (Floor Area Coefficient) datas on pixel base with the temperature values gained by remote sensing methods. The study involves juristical boundaries Anatolian and European sideof Istanbul city. The preliminary work is applied with data taken from Istanbul Region Meteorology Directorate. According to the station points, when comparison of average summer temperatures between 1975-1999 and 2000-2008 are made, increase between 1-2 Degrees Celsius is determined. In this study Landsat TM image which belongs to summer period is used. Single-channel algorithm is applied on thermal band (band 6) and land surface temperatures (LST) are determined. Building database which consist of storey and area was utilized to calculate BAC and FAC values and their maps are generated. The last step was to join all the whole raster and vector data in GIS and to accommodate them to statistical interpretation. When linear regression analyses are made on BAC and FAC data, their effect on surface temperature is 99% meaningful. According to this analysis, made for both Asian and European side, statistical results show that BAC has more effect on rising surface temperature than FAC.