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Developing a propensity score protocol for evaluating the oral health consequences of methamphetamine use

ABSTRACT Conventional propensity-score matching strategies do not always produce covariate balance across treatment groups comparing a hard-to-reach population subclass to a representative sample from the general population. We describe techniques for combining propensity-score matching with stratification into propensity-score-based subclasses to produce samples with balanced distributions of characteristics from a cross-sectional cohort of methamphetamine users and nonusers from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Resulting outcome estimates are weighted between subclasses for interpretable comparisons. We consider features of an approach facilitating between-group comparisons, including the matching ratio, number of subclasses, analysis strategy, and conceptual underpinnings of weight selection.