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Late Seroma after Breast Augmentation with Silicone Prostheses: A Case Report

Since its introduction in 1962, the use of cosmetic silicone breast implants has increased rapidly (1). It is estimated that between one and two million women currently have silicone breast implants (2). During the past decade, a number of studies have evaluated the potential health risks associated with breast augmentation with silicone gel-filled implants (3). The implantation of silicone prostheses may lead to early and late complications. The most common early complications are infection and hematoma formation. Among late complications, the most common is capsular contracture. A retrospective epidemiological study to evaluate the occurrence and severity of local complications after cosmetic breast implantation observed, among 754 women (1,572 implants), the following results: placement was submuscular for 91.3% of the implants, subglandular for 2.6% and 6.1% had no available information. Overall, 77.8% of the implantations were not followed by complications, 17.8% were followed by one complication, 3.6% were followed by two complications and 0.8% was followed by three or more complications. In 94.6% of the implantations, no additional hospitalizations were recorded as a result of complications. Forty-seven of 57 explantations ⁄ reimplantations were secondary to postoperative complications. General complications, such as hematoma and infection were rare, occurring in 2.3% and 2.0% of the implantations, respectively. Capsular contracture remains the most common complication, occurring in 11.4% of the implantations. One case of late seroma was reported in this study (4). The incidence of seroma in the immediate postoperative period ranges around 0.1% for aesthetic breast augmentation (4). Late seroma formation is an extremely rare complication. There is no data regarding its incidence in the literature, only a few isolated reports can be found. This report presents a case of late seroma (after five years of breast augmentation) with no recognized cause.