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Splicing point tapered fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for simultaneous measurement of temperature and salinity in seawater.

Combined with non-adiabatic tapering and mode field mismatch between two different fibers, a splicing point tapered fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed. Theoretically, two sensing units are carefully designed for dual-parameter sensing, and mode exciting and evolution in fibers are analyzed and shown dynamically. In experiment, transmission spectrum is obtained with two sets of clear interference as designed. After a simple capsulation, simultaneous measurement of seawater temperature and salinity are realized with sensitivities of -994.83pm/°C and 290.47pm/‰, respectively. Additionally, short response time of 33ms and good repeatability are also demonstrated. And effects of encapsulation on avoiding strain and press are verified experimentally. The MZI demonstrated here shows advantages of low cost, easy fabrication, simple construction, compact and robust structure, and dual-parameter sensing with high sensitivity and fast response.