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Divine Women, Femmes, and Whores

The chapter presents the frameworks utilized within the study to analyze the construction of femininities. Beginning with an overview of how feminist theorists have approached the complex of femininity, I contend that femininity has remained undertheorized in academic research, frequently associated with lack, artifice, subordination, and restriction. Building on the work of scholars working within queer and poststructuralist feminist paradigms—including Luce Irigaray, Judith Butler, Mimi Schippers, and Rosi Braidotti—I assert that any social system contains multiple femininities, which relate to each other as well as to masculinity. Moreover, femininities are neither exclusively oriented toward heterosexuality nor do they exist in any given relationship to (female) biology. Throughout the discussion, I also engage with feminist theorization of feminine sexuality, allying myself with sex-radical theorists who have argued that an analysis of feminine sexuality must account for mechanisms of both oppression and resistance.