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Shape-memory-actuated compliant control surface

Advanced submarine stern configurations require a variety of control surfaces to actively manage aftbody boundary layer flow, vorticity, propulsor inflow and intrapropulsor flow, as well as vehicle attitude. Two necessary attributes of advanced control surface designs include (1) integrated actuation to provide placement flexibility at remote locations with minimal structural interfacing and control interconnects, and (2) improved lift efficiency and flow using variable or adaptive camber control. To demonstrate these attributes, a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuated compliant control fin (CCF) with a planform area of 620 sq. cm was developed for evaluation as rudder and sternplane appendages on a radio control submarine model at velocities up to 5.1 m/s (Reynolds No. approximately equals 1,000,000) and up to 0.2 Hz full cycle actuation. A completely fixed root design was developed to reduce turbulence at the hull/fine interface, with compliant deformation of the foil to improve flow characteristics over the baseline full-flying and trailing-edge-flap designs.