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Mixed papillary-polypoid cystitis in a heifer.

Human exophytic cystitis has been classified into papillary or polypoid categories depending on whether mucosal excrescences consist of finger-like projections or are fungiform in shape (1). Mixed papillary-polypoid cystitis is rare in humans and, to our knowledge, not yet reported in the bovine species (1,2). In this article, we describe severe exophytic cystitis characterized by an extensive growth of both papillae and polyps on the mucosal surface of the bladder of a heifer. A two-year-old Shorthorn heifer was presented to the Atlantic Veterinary College with a three-month his-tory of dysuria and pollakiuria that had been unres-ponsive to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfonamide for five days. The heifer was normal on physical examination except for signs of dysuria and pollakiuria. A thickened bladder wall and several masses 2-3 cm in diameter, attached to the mucosa of the bladder, were detected on palpation per rectum. The bladder was not distended. Results of routine hematology, serum biochemical profile, and urinalysis were normal. Bacteria were not isolated from several catheterized urine samples. Endoscopic examination the bladder mucosa revealed multiple frond-like projections in the proximal urethra and trigone area of the bladder. The fronds projecting into the urethra appeared to originate from the bladder mucosa. These projections also involved the right lateral wall of the bladder, obscuring the right ureteral orifice. The non-polypoid normal. Transrectal the