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Low-rank modifications of Riccati factorizations with applications to Model Predictive Control

In optimization algorithms used for on-line Model Predictive Control (MPC), the main computational effort is spent while solving linear systems of equations to obtain search directions. Hence, it is of greatest interest to solve them efficiently, which commonly is performed using Riccati recursions or generic sparsity exploiting algorithms. The focus in this work is efficient search direction computation for active-set methods. In these methods, the system of equations to be solved in each iteration is only changed by a low-rank modification of the previous one. This highly structured change of the system of equations from one iteration to the next one is an important ingredient in the performance of active-set solvers. It seems very appealing to try to make a structured update of the Riccati factorization, which has not been presented in the literature so far. The main objective of this paper is to present such an algorithm for how to update the Riccati factorization in a structured way in an active-set solver. The result of the work is that the computational complexity of the step direction computation can be significantly reduced for problems with bound constraints on the control signal. This in turn has important implications for the computational performance of active-set solvers used for linear, nonlinear as well as hybrid MPC.