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Medical and biological microwave sensors and systems

Computers are logic machines which are originated from physical components and invented using physical processes; computers are based uponphysical principles and they operate computations on demand. The editors, in the beginning of their introduction, observe that while a lot has been written about the relationships of informatics with mathematics or cognitive sciences, this is however not the case about the relationship of informatics with natural sciences. Although this observation may be insightful to a certain extent, it should not be forgotten references to the subject under consideration, such as Numerical Relativity [1] or Observational Information [2]. Twenty-five academicians from universities worldwide contribute to this edited volume with interesting and valuable chapters. In this cooperative work, the two most cited authors are Gödel and Penrose, far away from the rest cited authors. The material of this multifaceted volume consists of some primary, introductory topics. These topics may be expressed through questions, such as for instance: ‘can a (hypothetical) computer simulate every physical process’, or, ‘is the universe a computer’, or even, ‘is the physical universe computable?’ The overall set of those questions can be generalised as: can physics interpret computer science and vice versa, and how this would be feasible? In this context, it is common place that the origin of computer science is mathematics. Moreover, the primary key to our knowledge for computer systems is the conceptualisation of Alan Turing regarding computation. The latter is a critical aspect of this volume. The editors claim that there are two main channels regarding the topic under discussion: that is (a) the relation between physical and computer systems, and, (b) the interconnection between physical and computational theory. Furthermore, there are also additional perspectives related to the study of such a huge topic which refers to the relationship between the areas of physics and computers. For instance, such a perspective is the primary topic of the inherent affinity of computer systems with physics; that is, the primary relationship of computing machines with physics. Although computer systems are manmade entities, they are of course constructed by physical elements. Moreover, computer systems utilise physical processes, material properties etc. in Nature; without those processes, properties etc. the operation of computers would not be feasible. One of the strongest and more accepted theoretical infrastructures, explaining computing, is that of the Turing machine model. This model refers to the decidability of computable or non-computable functions. Going further, we shall decide about the complexity of computable functions, which is the second step, and, in general terms, it is associated with the complexity theory. Moreover, the extended Church-Turing Thesis (ECT) has been proposed to give more insight in computable (simulable etc.) processes. However, the quantum computing theory is against the ECT. Topics under consideration and discussion in this volume are hypercomputation, pancomputationalism, quantum mechanics and computing, thermodynamics etc. Of paramount importance for this collection of works are Turing machine, Church-Turing thesis and Zuse’s thesis; moreover, of course, the groundbreaking phenomenon of Gödel and his incompleteness theorems. The fundamental question regarding this work may be recapitulated as follows. What is the primary output of such a work? What do the contributors tend to find or to elaborate, through all this wonderful variety of terms, processes, theorems, statements etc. which are included in this volume? This variety refers to terms such as (ontic) pancomputationalism, physical information and computing, physics of computation, computability of physical processes, Gödel’s theorems, etc. We claim that all the information provided in this volume, i.e. the overall work, seeks to find the information’s origin in the Universe, as well as the relations of this information with relevant processes. A topic which relates to materialistic as well as immaterialistic aspects. Therefore, computer scientists, as well as physicists, are the primary target groups of this interdisciplinary work and of course, even more, philosophers. Moreover, when speaking of philosophers, additional subcategorisation could be explicitly created, i.e. we may refer to philosophers of science, philosophers of mind, philosophers of physics and logicians.