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Caroline Matthews’s Experiences of a Woman Doctor in Serbia: Advocacy for Women Doctors in Early Twentieth Century War Writing

Abstract:A graduate of the Edinburgh School of Medicine for Women, Matthews was an independent physician with the Serbian Army Field Unit of the Red Cross before and during World War I. During her medical tours she saved the lives of soldiers and civilians before she was arrested on suspicion of spying by occupying forces in 1915. Her 1916 memoir recounts her experiences as a woman doctor, including her capture and then rescue by British allies. Early in the twentieth century the public and the medical profession remained skeptical of women physicians’ abilities to do the same work as men, particularly of their role in the war effort. This article explores the challenges women doctors faced and offers original insights via Matthews’s account, which enhanced readers’ understanding of the war and its effects on the Serbian people and anticipated a shift in the relationship between female physicians and the British nation. [150 words]