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Liquid Crystal Polarimeter for solid state imaging of solar vector magnetic fields

The Liquid Crystal Polarimeter (LCP) is a low-voltage complete Stokes polarimeter and spectral analyzer designed for measuring solar vector magnetic fields. The polarimeter consists of polarization and spectral analyzer sections each containing multiple commercially available nematic and ferroelectric liquid crystals which are modulated in phase at up to 31.5 kHz frequency. Used in conjunction with a Lyot birefringent filter and 2 ccds, the system provides a complete polarization/spectral measurement for solid-state direct imaging of the vector magnetic flux, Doppler velocity, intensity, and equivalent width in a spectral line. Simultaneous 2 ccd imaging gives reduced atmospheric seeing systematics, and automatic ccd gain and dark-current correction. The liquid-crystal design provides a considerable simplification to previous designs with greatly improved speed, sensitivity, reliability, and accuracy. Some of our tests of liquid crystals and of the LCP are described.