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Irrational use of antibiotics with representation of antimicrobial resistance patterns in Sudan: a narrative review

Abstract Background Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing menace, mainly caused by the rapid genetic modification of bacterial strains and new alternations in behavior favoring their survival. There is no doubt that the irrational use of antibiotics is one of the factors contributing to the rise of this problem, whether that be in hospitals or at a community level. Although the extent of this influence is yet to be learned, it is definite that this is of great impact on the endemic disease patterns in developing areas specifically and on an expanding global issue generally. Purpose and scope This paper will provide a narrative review of relevant previous publications of antibiotic misuse to portray a clearer picture of its causes and consequences in Sudan. Methodology The PICO method was used by which evidence-based research websites were scanned for key words. Results were assessed for relevance and then critically appraised. All papers included were summarized and presented in a narrative review format. Results From a total of 9 research papers from Pub Med, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar search engines, 7 were selected, presented, and discussed. Conclusion Given the facts of high bacterial resistance that has emerged worldwide catastrophically, the implementation of a meticulous surveillance system designed to restrict the irrational use of antibiotics by the public and health sectors alike with adjunct educational and training programs relevant to the regional epidemiology and economy will massively contribute to a lower resistance rate due to antibiotic misuse.