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[Effects of local anesthetics on healing process of extraction wound in rats with reference to effects of epinephrine].

Effects of local anesthetics on the healing processes of the extraction wound were investigated in the rats. The study was performed on 5 experimental groups: control group (GA), 2% lidocaine without a vasoconstrictor (LEO) and 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1/20,000 (LE2), 1/80,000 (LE8) and 1/200,000 (LE20). Under general anesthesia (GA) the mandibular 2nd molars were extracted after the injection of each local anesthetic. The control group (GA) had the teeth extracted without a local anesthetic. The wounds were examined histopathologically at timed sequence from 1 day to 14 days after the operation. Postextraction wounds of all the groups healed uncomplicatedly and these 5 groups could be classified into 2 types of healing process: epinephrine-free group (GA and LEO) and epinephrine group (LE2, LE8 and LE20). The 14-day postextraction sockets of the epinephrine-free group were filled with callus, whereas those of the epinephrine group had progressed to the final stage of bony healing unexpectedly. There was no difference in the healing process of each wound in the same group. These results suggest that a local anesthetic without a vasoconstrictor do not modify the postextraction wound healing process, and epinephrine does not prolong but will promote the wound healing.