{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02490617536676902, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002729443875810304, 'mean_word_length': 4.817460317460317, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Collective Violence, Democracy and Protest Policing

gender bias in taxation. The third, international, section of the book begins in Chapter 10 with a critique of the widespread belief that economic growth and freedom are encouraged by low taxes and small government. Chapter 11 puts forward a highly ambitious proposal for the lifetime taxation of individuals who have split loyalty between two or more states, and Chapter 12 is an intellectual history of the controversial yet strikingly successful idea of country-by-country tax reporting. The book concludes in Chapter 13 with a proposal for certain public goods to be funded by international taxes, coordinated if necessary by a world tax organisation. The selling point of this volume is the sustained focus on tax, justice and a whole variety of topical debates, backed up by detailed and thought-provoking research. In this context, it is a little surprising that there is not more discussion from the contributors on the basic question of what tax justice is. What, after all, is our proper contribution to our fellow citizens? Where do our legal and moral obligations in respect of tax arise from, and how should the ‘right’ amount be determined? How does a particular tax payment to a particular government relate to our broader cosmopolitan duties to humankind, as expressed perhaps through charitable giving? To an extent the contributors to this volume sidestep such questions by focusing squarely on the interests of poor individuals, communities and states. This is not a bad proxy for tax justice, but even greater clarity might have been welcome in view of the frequent and emotional use of the concept in public discourse. After all, why not abandon tax justice and speak simply of poverty alleviation? This question of language points towards a further problem with this volume, which is that some of the writing is extremely aggressive. Over only a few pages we read ‘vicious’, ‘handbag economics’, ‘this view is . . . nonsense’, ‘stranglehold’, ‘starting to suffer’ and ‘peddled the . . . argument’. Certainly, some of the subject matter of the studies lends itself to anger, but there is a risk of narrowing the potential readership. For instance, there is no reason in principle why a free-market capitalist should not benefit from this volume, but one doubts how long such a person would persist. This is all the more noticeable when contrasted with the admirable skill of the editors in managing the diversity of contributions, allowing different perspectives to speak whilst ensuring that almost every word is accessible to a non-specialist. Overall, this is an interesting collection of work that would be an excellent addition to any academic library. It is not the final word on this subject, but the aim seems to have been to open up interdisciplinary debates on matters of the highest possible importance. In this, it has certainly been successful.