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Rice Extra-large G Proteins Play Pivotal Roles in Controlling Disease Resistance and Yield-related Traits.

To better explore potential of the rice extra-large G (XLG) proteins in future breeding, we characterized function of OsXLG1, OsXLG2, and OsXLG3 in disease resistance. Loss-of-function Osxlg2 and Osxlg3 mutants showed reduced resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, whereas Osxlg1 mutants were specifically compromised in resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Consistent with their effects in rice blast resistance, mutations in OsXLG2 and OsXLG3 caused greater defects than did mutations in OsXLG1 in chitin-induced defense responses. All three OsXLGs interacted with components of surface immune receptor complex composed of OsCERK1, OsRLCK176 and OsRLCK185. Further characterization of yield-related traits showed that the Osxlg3 mutants displayed reduced plant height, panicle length and thousand grain weight, whereas the Osxlg1 mutants exhibited increased plant height, panicle length and thousand grain weight. Together the study shows differential contributions of the three OsXLG proteins to disease resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens and yield-related traits and provide insights for future improvement of rice production.