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Injectable photocrosslinkable nanocomposite based on poly(glycerol sebacate) fumarate and hydroxyapatite: development, biocompatibility and bone regeneration in a rat calvarial bone defect model.

AIM
An injectable, photocrosslinkable nanocomposite was prepared using a fumarate derivative of poly(glycerol sebacate) and nanohydroxyapatite.


MATERIALS & METHODS
Polymers with varying physical and mechanical properties were synthesized. Furthermore, nanocomposites were developed using a homogenization process by combining nanohydroxyapatite within poly(glycerol sebacate) matrix via photocrosslinking and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.


RESULTS & DISCUSSION
The nanocomposites were injectable, highly bioactive and biocompatible. Addition of nanohydroxyapatite led to enhanced mechanical properties with an ultimate strength of 8 MPa. The optimized nanocomposite showed good in vitro cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The in vivo evaluation in a rat calvarial bone defect model showed significantly high alkaline phosphatase activity and bone regeneration.


CONCLUSION
This injectable, biocompatible and bioactive in situ hardening composite graft was found to be suitable for load-bearing bone regeneration applications using minimally invasive surgery.