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Simulation of partially coherent imaging by outer-product expansion.

A method for the numerical simulation of partially coherent imaging systems is introduced. The two-dimensional source and pupil functions are decomposed into outer-product sums by the singular value decomposition algorithm, thus reducing the computation of the corresponding nonlinear transform function. The method is computationally efficient when the source and pupil matrices are of sufficiently low rank. Numerical examples are studied and compared with theoretical results.