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Effects of HRT and Loading Rate on Performance of Carriers‐Amended Anammox UASB Reactors

Effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and nitrogen loading rate (NLR) on performance of anammox UASBs amended with spherical plastic and bamboo charcoal carriers were investigated. During the experimental period, the performance of reactors was continuously evaluated by monitoring ammonium‐N, nitrite‐N, and nitrate‐N at HRT of 48, 36, 24, and 12 hours. With HRTs between 24 and 48 hours, the ammonium‐N and nitrite‐N removal efficiency was higher than 99%, while the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was almost higher than 90%. When HRT decreased to 12 hours with NLR increasing to 0.16 kg N m−3 d−1, ammonium‐N, and TN removal efficiency decreased to 87 and 80%, respectively. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis revealed anammox community still existed at the HRT of 12 hours and was most closely related to C. Brocadia sp.40. In addition, different types of carriers had no significant influence on the anammox community.