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Topology of Legionella pneumophila DotA: an inner membrane protein required for replication in macrophages

The Legionella pneumophila dotA gene is required for intracellular growth of the bacterium in macrophages. In this study, a structure-function analysis of the DotA protein was conducted to elucidate the role of this protein in L. pneumophila pathogenesis. Translational fusions of dotA to the Escherichia coli phoA and lacZ genes indicated that DotA is an integral cytoplasmic membrane protein with eight membrane-spanning domains. DotA contains two large periplasmic domains of approximately 503 and 73 amino acids and a carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of 122 amino acids. Protein fractionation studies were consistent with DotA residing in the inner membrane. An alkaline phosphatase fusion located 9 amino acids upstream from the C terminus of DotA still retained function and was able to restore intracellular growth when harbored by two L. pneumophila dotA mutants. A hybrid protein from which the carboxyl-terminal 48 amino acids of DotA were deleted was unable to complement the intracellular growth defect in the dotA mutants, indicating that this cytoplasmic region is required for function.