{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.012145748987854251, 'fraction_numerical': 0.001349527665317139, 'mean_word_length': 5.3418803418803416, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Ionization Efficiency in Electric Propulsion Devices

While it is widely known that propellant ionization represents an energy loss mechanism that acts to decrease the efficiency of electric propulsion devices, it is not apparent how or where this loss can be measured in thruster data. Furthermore, the manner in which the propellant is ionized holds potential inefficiencies (power losses) above and beyond those arising from the ionization potential. This paper presents a simplified phenomenological model that sheds light on how the ionization dynamics can affect measurable thruster parameters. The results of the model indicate that there is as much as 6% variation in maximum thrust efficiency simply due to the method of ionization.