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Kinetics of phagocyte response to group B streptococcal infections in newborn rats

To test the hypothesis that inadequate in vivo mobilization of leukocytes may contribute to the unique susceptibility of neonates to infection, we studied the kinetics of phagocyte response to neonatal and adult rats to intraperitoneal infection with group B streptococcus, type Ia. The 50% lethal dose was considerably greater for adults than for neonates (1.1 x 10(7) colony-forming units per g versus 2.7 x 10(2) colony-forming units per g). After challenge with group B streptococcus, type Ia, the number of neonatal peritoneal leukocytes increased more slowly than did those of adult rats. For example, at 4 h, the adult neutrophil count was 41 times greater than that of the neonate, but at 24 h, neonatal peritoneal neutrophils had not yet reached the adult 4-h level. Peritoneal macrophages also increased more rapidly in adults than in neonates. After intraperitoneal infection, both adults and neonates developed bacteremia, but adults cleared the bacteria with greater efficiency. Adult blood neutrophils increased 247% by 12 h and then decreased; neonatal neutrophils steadily decreased to a 57% reduction by 24 h. These data suggest that the neonatal neutrophil response to group B streptococcus, type Ia, infection is inadequate and may contribute to the high mortality associated with this infection.