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Chain-based routing protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey

In the last few years, wireless sensor networks (WSN) have become an active area for researchers due to its broad and growing application. However, routing is a critical issue that needs consideration as it directly impacts the performance of WSN. Several protocols have been proposed to address this issue as well as reducing energy consumption and prolong a lifetime of the sensor nodes in WSN. The chain-based is one approach from Hierarchical routing protocols which reduces the energy consumption in WSN. However, a problem arises when the chain has long-link (LL) from the base station (BS). This paper presents a comprehensive survey on chain-base hierarchical routing protocols, in terms of details, who to work, Phases, figures, and the main advantage and disadvantage for each protocol. Furthermore, the characteristics of chainbased routing protocols and the performance metrics that are used in WSN are discussed. Finally, this paper presents open challenges for researchers.