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Randomization for concealment

It is a matter of concern in many areas of investigation that systematic distortions can arise from the intervention of personal judgements. This issue was raised in the last paper (published posthumously) by WS Gosset (who wrote under the pseudonym ‘Student’), a chemist who rose to a senior position in Guiness’s brewery in Dublin and London. The focus of his paper was his disagreement with RA Fisher about the relative merits of creating experimental groups: Gosset favoured systematic arrangements, such as alternation; Fisher rejected these in favour of random allocation. Gosset did agree one potential advantage of random allocation, however, when he wrote: