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Nasofacial Destruction Due to Rhinoscleroma and Review of Other Causes

Abstract Facial destruction is a process that can result in not only devastating physical changes but also significant psychological and emotional distress. Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis is noted to cause a chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction called rhinoscleroma. It is seen worldwide exclusively in tropical and subtropical areas of underdeveloped countries associated with poor hygiene. It is thought that, because the United States has had a recent increase in immigration, the incidence of these infections will also increase. We present a case of biopsy-confirmed rhinoscleroma to increase the awareness of this long forgotten infection and discuss other causes that present similarly.