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Update on Laboratory Tests for Diagnosis of Orbital Disease

In general, timely diagnosis of orbital disorders relies more heavily on radiological evaluation than on hematological or serological studies. Tissue biopsy frequently provides the definitive answer. Still, there are cases in which laboratory testing is important for the proper management of potentially lethal systemic processes. Technological advances, combined with a better understanding of pathophysiology, have enabled many improvements in laboratory diagnostic capabilities. Laboratory testing is most frequently of benefit in patients with immunological orbital disease. The diagnosis of certain neoplasms may be facilitated by specific blood tests as well. This chapter will review several blood tests considered relevant for a variety of important orbital diseases, with an emphasis on recent developments. Case reports will be used to demonstrate their proper use and interpretation. The various disorders to be discussed are summarized in Table 1.