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Sodium Transport and Anesthetic Requirements in the Toad

The effects of cyclopropane, nitrous oxide, thiopental, ether, halothane, and methoxyflurane on sodium transport in the isolated toad bladder were studied. All agents affected sodium transport in the same way: stimulation at low concentrations; inhibition at high concentrations. Stimulation may be the result of positive interaction with catecholamines on the serosa, inhibition the result of a mucosal effect. The balance between stimulation and inhibition of sodium transport in vitro appeared unrelated to the anesthetic effect in vivo.