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Michel Foucault: Crises and Problemizations

Though it has been twenty years since Michel Foucault's untimely death, we are now in the midst of a veritable explosion of "new" works by him. Thus, the publication of the thirteen lecture courses that Foucault gave at the College de France between 1970 and 1984, of which the 1975-1976 course, "Society Must Be Defended" was the first to appear, as well as a number of lecture courses given in the United States, including the one at the University of California at Berkeley in the fall of 1983, devoted to parrhesia or truth-telling, are both reshaping our understanding of Foucault, and providing a stimulus for a reorientation of political theory and its focus. This latter prospect can be seen in two works by Nikolas Rose and Mitchell Dean, which explore the manifold implications of Foucault's 1978 lecture on "governmentality," providing these two thinker's with a basis for "retraining political thought," in the words of Nikolas Rose. The complex of issues around which these lectures and books revolve is a series of daring problemizations undertaken by Foucault in the last eight years of his life (1976-1984). In this period, Foucault's concerns were twofold. He focused on the trajectory of what he termed "biopower" as the basis of power relations in modern soci-