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Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the anterior segment of the normal and glaucomatous dog.

Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the anterior segment was examined in the normal and glaucomatous dog. Adrenergic innervation was demonstrated by the fluorescence histochemical technique of Falck-Hillarp. Corneal adrenergic fluorescence consisted of mild stromal fibers running parallel to the corneal epithelium. Fine fluorescent fibers occurred in the trabecular meshwork and the anterior cilioscleral sinus. Dense adrenergic innervation was present in the subepitheli'al portions of the ciliary body with extensions into the stroma of the ciliary body processes. Fibers were prominent in scleral outflow channels (venous sinus plexus) and iris dilator musculature. Less extensive adrenergic innervation was present in iris sphincter and ciliary body musculature. Cholinergic activity was evaluated by the thiocholine method for cholinesterase staining and a modified method of Mindel and Mittag for choline acetyltransferase activity. Cholinergic activity in the cornea was limited with the majority of activity in the corneal epithelium. Low choline acetyltransferase activity and little appreciable cholinesterase staining were present in the trabecular meshwork and associated outflow channels. The ciliary body and ciliary processes demonstrated intense cholinesterase staining and. high choline acetyltransferase activity. Cholinesterase staining revealed activity in ciliary musculature and epithelial cells. Moderate cholinesterase staining and choline acetyltransferase activity were present in iris tissue. Beagles with advanced glaucoma tended to exhibit less intense fluorescence of adrenergic fibers. Choline acetyltransferase levels were also lower in glaucomatous specimens. The apparent decrease in cholinergic and adrenergic activity may be secondary.