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Ten things we have to do to achieve precision medicine

Major but surmountable hurdles should be addressed now to hasten the advent of precision medicine. On 30 January 2015, President Obama announced funding for an Initiative in Precision Medicine (IPM) (1) less than 3 years after a National Academy of Sciences (NAS) committee report (2) made clear just how such an initiative could accelerate progress in medical care and research. The core concept of this initiative is that by harnessing measurements of multiple modalities—not just clinical and genomic evaluations, but environmental exposures, daily activities, and many others, we can develop a much more comprehensive view of the patient's state and its trajectory over time. By understanding precisely, across all these modalities, what the distinguishing features of specific subgroups of patients are, we can better individualize therapies.