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Bioassay-Guided Detection and Identification of an Antibacterial Compound from Greater Burdock

In this study, the antibacterial profiling of the ethanolic leaf extract of greater burdock (Arctium lappa L.) is demonstrated, applying thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled bioassays against the Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the Gram-negative pepper pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. The main active component was isolated by eluting from the adsorbent bed and subjected to a targeted characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography—diode array detection—electrospray ionisation—mass spectrometry. The identification of the germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone onopordopicrin was based on its retardation factor, bioactivity in TLC-based methods, and retention tim as well as ultraviolet (UV) and mass spectra, compared to those of the reference substance isolated earlier in our laboratory from Onopordum acanthium leaf.