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Low-frequency nonlocal and hyperbolic modes in corrugated wire metamaterials.

Metamaterials based on arrays of aligned plasmonic nanowires have recently attracted significant attention due to their unique optical properties that combine tunable strong anisotropy and nonlocality. These optical responses provide a platform for implementation of novel sensing, imaging, and quantum optics applications. Basic building blocks, used for construction of those peculiar composites, are plasmonic metals, such as gold and silver, which have moderate negative values of permittivities at the optical spectral range. Scaling the plasmonic behavior to lower frequencies remains a longstanding challenge also owing to the emergence of strong spatial dispersion in homogenized artificial composites. At lower THz and GHz frequencies, the electromagnetic response of noble metals approaches that of perfect electric conductors, preventing straightforward scaling of visible-frequency plasmonics to the frequency domains that are important for a vast range of applications, including wireless communications, microwave technologies and many others. Here we demonstrate that both extreme anisotropy (so-called hyperbolicity) and nonlocality of artificial composites can be achieved and designed in arrays of corrugated perfectly conducting wires at relatively low GHz frequencies. The key concept is based on hybridization of spoof plasmon polariton modes that in turn emulate surface polariton waves in systems with corrugated interfaces. The method makes it possible to map the recent developments in the field of plasmonics and metamaterials to the domain of THz and RF photonics.