{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.028085735402808575, 'fraction_numerical': 0.014781966001478197, 'mean_word_length': 4.861471861471862, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on ventilation and gas exchange during the rest to work transition.

The purpose of these experiments was to determine the effects of acute beta-blockade on the kinetics of oxygen uptake (VO2), expired carbon dioxide (VCO2), and expired ventilation (VE) in the transition from rest to submaximal exercise. Six male subjects exercised for 6 min on a cycle ergometer (60 W) initiated as a square wave from rest on two occasions. The beta-blockade experiment began 60 min after the subject ingested propranolol hydrochloride (1 mg.kg-1 BW) while the second experiment served as control with the treatment order counterbalanced. Ventilation and gas exchange were monitored by open circuit techniques and the data were modeled with a single-component exponential function using a time delay. No differences existed (p greater than 0.05) in the steady state VO2, VCO2, or VE nor the kinetics of VCO2 and VE between treatments. However, the rate of adaptation of VO2 toward steady state was significantly slowed (p less than 0.05) with beta-blockade. These data suggest that acute beta blockade results in diminished VO2 kinetics in the transition from rest to steady-state exercise. We hypothesize that the mechanism to explain this finding is a slowed time course of cardiac output adjustment at the beginning of exercise.