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Adipocyte Membrane Cholesterol Regulates Obesity.

The adipose tissue represents the body’s largest free cholesterol reservoir.1 Adipocytes almost exclusively accumulate free cholesterol.2 During obesity, free cholesterol accumulation in adipocytes can increase ≤≈50% of the total body free cholesterol pool.1 Free cholesterol accumulation is a balance between cholesterol uptake and efflux pathways mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1), SR-BI (scavenger receptor BI), apoA1 (apolipoprotein A1), and HDL (high-density-lipoproteins).3–6 In obesity, adipocyte inflammation promotes macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, amplifying inflammatory responses and leading to insulin resistance.7 Increased plasma HDL cholesterol levels suppress inflammation and macrophage recruitment in a diet-induced obese mouse model, which was attributed to enhanced cholesterol efflux from adipocytes5 and macrophages.8

See accompanying article on page 733 

ABCA1 represents a major cholesterol efflux pathway in adipocytes.3,6 Deletion of Abca1 in adipocytes of aP2-CreAbca1 fl/fl mice enhances diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.9 However, the aP2-Cre promoter also deletes Abca1 in macrophages9; Abca1 -deficient macrophages are proinflammatory,10 and therefore, a contribution of macrophages could not be excluded. Using the adipocyte-specific adiponectin-Cre model, in this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , Cuffe et al11 elegantly show that adipocyte Abca1 impairs diet-induced obesity. Surprisingly, adipocyte Abca1 deficiency prevented weight gain in a diet-induced obesity model and decreased fat pad weight. …