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Piecewise nonlinear image registration using DCT basis functions

The deformation field in nonlinear image registration is usually modeled by a global model. Such models are often faced with the problem that a locally complex deformation cannot be accurately modeled by simply increasing degrees of freedom (DOF). In addition, highly complex models require additional regularization which is usually ineffective when applied globally. Registering locally corresponding regions addresses this problem in a divide and conquer strategy. In this paper we propose a piecewise image registration approach using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) basis functions for a nonlinear model. The contributions of this paper are three-folds. First, we develop a multi-level piecewise registration framework that extends the concept of piecewise linear registration and works with any nonlinear deformation model. This framework is then applied to nonlinear DCT registration. Second, we show how adaptive model complexity and regularization could be applied for local piece registration, thus accounting for higher variability. Third, we show how the proposed piecewise DCT can overcome the fundamental problem of a large curvature matrix inversion in global DCT when using high degrees of freedoms. The proposed approach can be viewed as an extension of global DCT registration where the overall model complexity is increased while achieving effective local regularization. Experimental evaluation results provide comparison of the proposed approach to piecewise linear registration using an affine transformation model and a global nonlinear registration using DCT model. Preliminary results show that the proposed approach achieves improved performance.