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Impact Testing of Rigid Urethane Foam

The emphasis on safety in automobiles and other forms of transportation (1) has increased the need for more information on the impact properties of parts made with urethane foam. The trend in the industry today has been to design metal parts with specific properties to absorb impact forces created by collisions (2). To protect the passengers against secondary impact, the use of the versatile urethane foams is visualized as a rigid but collapsible unit under the conventional semiflexible urethane foam safety padding. This combination unit then brings together the functions of decorative-padded trim assembly and the collapsible sub-assembly into a life-saving impact absorber. The energy absorbing characteristics of the semi-flexible urethane foams have been well documented (2, 3, 4, 5) and combination constructions of semi-flexible urethane foam over rigid but collapsible substrates have been proposed and tested to some degree for increased safety in automobiles (5).