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N-Linked Glycosylations at Asn26 and Asn114 of Human MD-2 Are Required for Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Activation of NF-κB by Lipopolysaccharide

MD-2 is physically associated with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and is required for TLR4-mediated LPS signaling. Western blotting analysis revealed the presence of three forms of human (h)MD-2 with different electrophoretic mobilities. After N-glycosidase treatment of the cellular extract prepared from cells expressing hMD-2, only a single form with the fastest mobility was detected. Mutation of either one of two potential glycosylation sites (Asn26 and Asn114) of MD-2 resulted in the disappearance of the slowest mobility form, and only the fastest form was detected in hMD-2 carrying mutations at both Asn26 and Asn114. Although these mutants were expressed on the cell surface and maintained its ability to associate with human TLR4, these mutations or tunicamycin treatment substantially impaired the ability of MD-2 to complement TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB by LPS. LPS binding to cells expressing CD14, TLR4, and MD-2 was unaffected by these mutations. These observations demonstrate that hMD-2 undergoes N-linked glycosylation at Asn26 and Asn114, and that these glycosylations are crucial for TLR4-mediated signal transduction of LPS.