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IDENTIFICATION OF BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLES FOR IRRIGATION AND WATER HARVESTING IN EGYPT

Egypt is one of the countries facing great challenges due to its limited water resources represented mainly by its fixed share of the Nile water and its aridity as a general characteristic. Egypt prepared its first water policy after the construction of the Aswan High Dam in 1975. Since then, several water policies were formulated to accommodate the dynamics of the water resources and the changes in the objectives and priorities. The most recent policy included several strategies to ensure satisfying the demands of all water users and expanding the existing agricultural area. About ninety-seven percent of fresh renewable water resources in Egypt are controlled at a single location (High Aswan Dam), flowing into the Mediterranean Sea. The main issue is that between the two points, no significant storage or disposal facilities can be found including numerous canals, pumping stations, culverts, control points, water reuse stations, drainage facilities and disposal points. In 2000, Egypt ranked at the top of the list of water-scarce countries with its internal renewable water resources of about 900 m 3 per person (FAO, 1995). Demand for irrigation water will continue to increase over the next decade and beyond and, in the future, the agricultural sector will have to adjust to a smaller share of the Nile's water (MALR/FAO, 2003). Over 90 percent of this resource was withdrawn by irrigated systems. The Government increasingly recognizes that the rapidly growing population's high demand for freshwater resources requires rational improvement, effective planning and management. The presented paper is performing a desk review of documents, consult experts and resource persons, and according to field visits to some selected Best Practices irrigated-water projects, also some selected Water Harvesting projects to provide an overview and overall picture of the existing practices activities in such projects, institutions with capacity for partnering in future activities related to community managed irrigation and public private irrigation (small and large scale irrigation projects), with greater emphasis on efficient water use and productivity of water are considered. Most of the collected information in terms of best practices as well as the potential institutions is reviewed using the designed checklist sheets.