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Neutral Theory, Transposable Elements, and Eukaryotic Genome Evolution

Abstract Among the multitude of papers published yearly in scientific journals, precious few publications may be worth looking back in half a century to appreciate the significance of the discoveries that would later become common knowledge and get a chance to shape a field or several adjacent fields. Here, Kimura's fundamental concept of neutral mutation‐random drift, which was published 50 years ago, is re‐examined in light of its pervasive influence on comparative genomics and, more specifically, on the contribution of transposable elements to eukaryotic genome evolution.