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A comparison of the development of realism theory in the United States, Japan and China

Realism has always been the most powerful school of international relations theory. In addition to its long historical origin, it also shows that the theory of realism can be deepened horizontally and vertically with the development of the times. The main manifestation of horizontal development is that realism theory has its theoretical achievements in the United States, Japan and China. Especially in the United States, realism has also developed vertically, mainly focused on the issue of hegemony in three stages. In the first stage, classical realism explores the problem of pursuing hegemony; in the second stage, structural realism explains rationally the problem of maintaining hegemony; and in the third stage, offensive realism analyses the expansion of hegemony. Both horizontal and vertical development reflect the strong vitality of realism theory.