{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.016966067864271458, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 6.013986013986014, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Copper Deficiency and Central Nervous System

Copper, a microelement essential for all living organisms, is involved in normal physiological functioning of numerous enzymes. In central nervous system, it is involved in various metabolic pathways besides its involvement in mitochondrial activity, defense against oxidative stress, myelination, neurotransmitter synthesis and storage as well as modulation of synaptic activity. Homeostasis of copper is achieved by copper transporters, metallo-chaperones as well as exporters which prevents both deficiency and accumulation of this element. Acquired copper deficiency is rare but alterations in lifestyle and eating habits have made this rare deficiency more prevalent. Studies have linked copper deficiency to various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Copper deficiency in central nervous system is also associated with myeloneuropathy. This review assesses the impact of copper deficiency on the central nervous system.