{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.014802631578947368, 'fraction_numerical': 0.009868421052631578, 'mean_word_length': 5.02970297029703, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Comparison of a lock-in amplifier and a digital sampling voltmeter as null detectors for differential measurements between sinusoidal and stepwise approximated ac signals

This paper presents the results of using two different types of a null detector, a lock-in amplifier and a digital sampling voltmeter, to measure the difference between a sinusoidal and a stepwise approximated AC voltage generated by means of a programmable Josephson voltage standard. Preliminary results of ac-dc difference measurement made on a thermal converter using the two null detectors agree within 0.5 µV/V at 10 Hz and 20 Hz.