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Determinants of Intention to Recommend WeChat Mobile Payment Innovation in China to be implemented in Indonesia

Mobile payment has received its importance recognition from the global society including government and businesses. It can lead to operation cost reduction on the cash-paper production on the Bank. Additionally, to familiarize the mobile payment utilization to the society has found to be a tough task for businesses and government. Therefore, the current study has objective to examine the determinants of intention to recommend mobile payment technology on the society. Hence, the authors picked WeChat mobile payment innovation in China as the mobile payment innovation method used to analyze the intention to recommend the utilization of mobile payment. The collected data were analyzed by the utilization of Partial Least Square (PLS)- Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) v. 3.2.7 and IBM SPSS Statistic 24. UTAUT 2 Theory, perceived technology security, and customer satisfaction were employed to examine the issues appear in the current study but hedonic motivation, price value, habit and the moderators role were excluded. Therefore, the findings indicate that perceived technology security have a positive significant relationship while performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and social influence have a positive insignificant relationship on behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment. Moreover, Behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment and customer satisfaction have a positive significant relationship on the intention to recommend the designated technology. It also signified that perceived technology security is having indirect effect to behavioral intention to recommend WeChat mobile payment innovation.


INTRODUCTION
Digital era is a popular term in present society. It is not only popular among the society at the national level but also among international level. This phenomenon happened with the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) that keep upgrading its performance. Currently, there are various sources and channels of information available online. It is defined by Senthil Kumar, Saravanakumar, & Deepa (2016) that the internet emerged as the development of ICT is now widely used by information seekers in order to satisfy their information needs. Social media is one of many other online platforms that occur as the result of internet technology usage. The development of social media grows very fast from year to year. Social media has become an integral part of modern society. There always has a virtual space that gains the users' interests. The social media accounts provide many utilities where users are able to share photos, videos, recent status, greet each other, and meet virtually (Rohm, Kaltcheva, & Milne, 2013).
In emerging society, Social media is a means to meet the need for a variety of communications that appear in the community. Moreover, social media defines a platforms run by the means of mobile communication technology use which has been one of the vast growth in internet technology consumption (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010). Indonesia, Singapore, India, Malaysia, and the Philippines signifies less than four percent of the utilization of mobile payment technology. Some supporting factors behind these low utilization of mobile payment occur because of the immature local regulation presence in Asia countries. The emerged of great business model promotes by countries and companies to the society has been big challenges for practitioners. Moreover, the behavior that has become a habit on the society regarding cash payment where they can feel and see the item physically for decades lead to less recognizable of cashless payment on the society (KPMG Indonesia, 2017). Fairly said, the critical factors to outspread the benefit of mobile payment do not only come from the activities introduced by the countries or companies rather than the intention of the individual itself to utilize mobile payment. Individual or society mindset or point of view must be adjusted with the advance knowledge to increase ones intention to embrace mobile payment (Gaurav & Sharma, 2017). The major reasons for less awareness by the society to embrace mobile payment for their daily transaction activity is because they feel unfamiliar with the technology. The absence of convenience for the payee to do transaction by the utilization of mobile device with small phone screen leads to another reason that supports the society less awareness. Additionally, perceived security has been society basic consideration to conduct a cashless payment once the payee wants to commit a transaction activity (Purwanegara, Apriningsih, & Andika, 2014).
Currently, there are 21 companies (provider) specializing in mobile payment with various services granted in Indonesia. The services vary from e-Wallet, prepaid cards, payment gateway, prepay cards, switching remittance, m-Wallet, and other payment services (KPMG Indonesia, 2017). China itself has two key mobile payment applied by the society Aveni & Roest, (2017); Ali Pay powered by Alibaba's Financial Affiliate and WeChat Pay powered by Tencent and Ant Financial. It is written in the report of Boellstorff et al. (2013) that the presence of social media platforms in line with the rising mobile payment lead to be challenging among practitioners. The penetration growth of users on social media platforms around the globe keeps increasing annually (Kemp, 2018). Additionally, the leveraged growth on social media platforms is expected to lead to high penetration of mobile payment on the behalf of social media platforms. However, a report issued by Agusta & Hutabarat (2018) clearly defined that mobile payment on the behalf of social media platforms does not has a major influence on Indonesia's market. It clearly stated as not even a single mobile payment in the form of social media chat such as Line Payment and Blackberry e-Wallet reached the top ten most used mobile payment in the country. Line Payment is a social media messaging platforms collaborate with PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk to offers mobile payment features. Meanwhile, Blackberry e-Wallet is a mobile payment feature that provides by Blackberry Messenger in the representation of social media chat platforms powered by PT. Bank Permata.
Interestingly, China is the one and only country that has received its mass recognition from the society on the utilization of mobile payment in Asia. While most developing countries in Asia including Indonesia have their battles on the market to receive recognition from the online community concerning the mobile payment utilization. Mobile payment provider in China is owned by only two giant providers that are Tencent and Ant Financial and Alibaba's Financial Affiliate. Alibaba's Financial Affiliate with its Ali Pay was first launched to the society in 2008 while Tencent and Ant Financial with its WeChat Pay was first launched to the community in 2013 (Aveni & Roest, 2017). Moreover, despite the first recognition received on mobile payment in China by Ali Pay with its eCommerce application features , WeChat pay with its social media chat feature is able to race the performance of Ali Pay. Ali Pay has taken the second world rank on the utilization of mobile payment after WeChat Pay (Statista, 2017;Gaurav & Sharma, 2017).
Moreover talk, Kemp (2018) published a surprising fact on their work paper that China was not even categorized on the world top ten social media users by growth. China was categorized on the seventeenth world rank on social media users by growth once Indonesia took the third place. It such an impressive work of WeChat Pay as the services can perform great ability on the mobile payment utilization compare to the remaining country with a higher number of social media users by growth. Therefore, authors put high interests to learn and explore in depth regarding WeChat Pay launched and run until the present time in China. Authors found WeChat pay as an interesting issue that must be explored to gain the secret recipe of the trick in promoting mobile payment features with social media platforms as the mediator in a country with lower rank on social media users' growth compare to Indonesia. Additionally, WeChat pay can even surpass the country with a higher number of social media users by growth as the service has taken the first world rank on the leading mobile payment. WeChat mobile payment innovation can be a solution for the employment of mobile payment with social media platforms as the mediator. It is expected that Indonesia may perform better in term of mobile payment by the means of social media platforms utilization as the country has taken the third world rank on social media users' by growth. Indonesia market offers high opportunities for companies and government in the recognition of mobile payment b y the use of social media platforms. However, as it has been stated in the previous paragraph that the influential mobile payment method in Indonesia does not arise from the social media platform utilization. The current study is not classified as the firs t research paper on mobile payment as the topic relates to mobile payment has been discussed across the worldwide practitioners ( Xu, 2017) that have discussed the opportunities and challenges of mobile payment through the use of social media platforms. Hence, the authors intended to discuss regarding mobile payment powered by social media chat platforms. Authors have high interest to know more and portray whether the mobile payment innovation powered by WeChat pay in China is a recommendable mobile payment innovation to be adopted toward economic purposes of Indonesia.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT
UTAUT 2 is one of the latest theory published by Venkatesh, Thong, & Xu (2012) concerning the presence of technology development in emerging economies around the world. Therefore, it is taken by authors as the theory adopted to assist authors in examining particular issues arise in the research paper. Additionally, the authors of UTAUT 2 Theory have done some breakthrough by combining prior studies that discu ss the theory related to the technology movement. Given statement by Chang (2012) the mixed up theories consisting of Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Model of PC Utilization (MPCU), Motivational Model, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Combined TAM and TPB, Social Cognitive Theory, and Theory of Planned Behav ior (TPB). Therefore, authors build the hypotheses refers to UTAUT 2 Theory with some adjustment to fit the current study. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions are the independent variable measuring the dependent variable of behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation. Additionally, Behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation and customer satisfaction are the independent variable to measure the dependent variable of behavioral intention to recommend WeChat mobile payment innovation. Hence, the authors will describe the proposed hypothesis development to satisfy issues arise in the current study.
The purpose of the establishment of UTAUT 2 Theory is to provide a better understanding of the mentioned factors in the previous paragraph toward practitioners and academician. It can assist practitioners in a company and academician to frame out the issues that can affect the user in utilizing a particular technology. However, moderator effect have been excluded from the current study.

The Relationship of Performance Expectancy toward
Behavioral Intention to Adopt WeChat Mobile Payment Innovation Performance expectancy refers to the extent of an individual trust that using a technology give the individual some benefits related to the activity performed by them. Once an individual demand on having a better performance has been satisfied, it will be more likely that the individual will generate their behavioral intention to use a particular technology. In this term, Jackson, Yi, & Park (2013) certify that an individual will generate the behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation once the individual has experienced usefulness of using the mentioned technology. The relationship of performance expectancy generating the behavioral intention to adopt particular technology has also been discussed by various academicians ( (2017) in their study that once persons are able to feel the easiness offers by particular technology while they are consuming it, it leads to the leveraging on the behavioral intention to apply particular technology. It is in line with the former theory of UTAUT (Venkatesh et al., 2003) and UTAUT 2 (Venkatesh et al., 2012). In this case, Wechat mobile payment innovation is the technology to be discussed. WeChat mobile payment innovation may be one of the breakthrough technology in the field of mobile payment. Therefore, it is expected WeChat mobile payment contain easiness in it where it may lead to the behavioral intention of the  (2017) acknowledged that perceived technology security plays a major role in determining ones' behavioral intention to adopt a particular technology. Perceived technology security is related to a person's judgments on their technology experience. Once a person has consumed a technology, a person will put high concern on the security provides on particular technology services. Therefore, once the person has experienced the technology security, it is able to affect one's intention to utilize the current technology (Oliveira et al., 2016). The discussed current technology in this section concern the mobile payment innovation that originated from WeChat, a social media chat platforms. Hence, the authors build the proposed hypothesis development as mention below. H5: Perceived technology security (PTS) has a positive significant effect in generating the behavioral intention to adopt (IA) WeChat mobile payment innovation.

The relationship of Behavioral Intention to Adopt
WeChat Mobile Payment Innovation on Behavioral intention to recommend It is not a figment among the society where the behavioral intention to recommend happened as the effect given by the high intention of someone in adopting particular technology (Oliveira et al., 2016). It is because once a person has a high intention to adopt a particular technology and find it helpful to them, they will be more likely to share their experiences with others. Moreover, as the present society has been savvier with the presence of social media chat platforms, sharing experience will be much easier for them to do (Zhang et al (2015). In comply with the current study, C. Xu et al (2015) stated that the high interest of ones' behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation will lead to ones' willingness to endorse the adopted technology to others. Therefore, the below sentence is drawn to build the hypothesis development. H6: Behavioral Intention to Adopt WeChat Mobile Payment Innovation (IA) has a positive significant effect on behavioral intention to recommend (IREC) WeChat mo bile payment innovation.

The relationship of customer satisfaction on
Behavioral intention to recommend Basically, the essence of having a business is to create and gain a satisfied customer. Customer satisfaction is https: //dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.5.7.38  ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O) www.ijaers.com Page | 301 related to the means of the desire of a person that has been fully fulfilled. Customer satisfaction plays an important role in the market as it is one of the determinants that defines a success of businesses. Once practitioners are able to achieve customer satisfaction from the potential customers or customers, practitioners may get some benefit affection. The individual will be more likely to form a recommendation concerning particular services utilized by them to others. Customer satisfaction will occur as the responses given by the customers once the expectation has met the actual performance of the perceived services or products. The occurrence of recommendation to others is not only happening due to the good services quality but because the customer satisfaction has met. Prior studies (C. Xu et al (2015), Suchánek, at al (2017), and Finn, Wang, & Frank (2009) has strengthened that once a customer satisfaction satisfied, the individual intention to recommend particular services or products will increase. Hence, authors have drawn the proposed hypothesis development as written below. H7: Customer satisfaction (CS) has a positive significant effect on behavioral intention to recommend (IREC) WeChat mobile payment innovation.

Sampling and Data collection
The study approach is based on a questionnaires survey of Indonesian users on WeChat mobile payment in China.
The questionnaires were distributed through the online platform with the assistance of Google Forms. The Indonesian version of the questionnaires was adopted for the study purposes due to the aimed of respondents are Indonesian. However, the establishment of the questionnaires was designed based on the prior study that was written in an English version (refer to Appendix A). The Indonesian version of the questionnaires has passed some experts review before it was distributed to the respondents. The collected respondents vary from the various city in China. Moreover, the questionnaires were administered within 22 to 31 May of 2018. The study has gained 208 respondents, however, authors must eliminate 10 respondents because the answers did not meet the study purpose.

Measurement Model
The study applied a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach under the processing data tool of Partial Least Square (PLS) -Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). PLS-SEM was used to analyze the issues arisen in the study including the hypothes is testing. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistic 24 was adopted to analyze the demographic data. The distributed questionnaires consist of two approach method that is based on multiple choice and 7 Likert Scale questions (Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree).
Moreover, a pilot study was first implied to examine the reliability and validity consistency on the questionnaires. A study can have its further evaluation once a pilot study

Respondents Demographic
Below table is to specify the age and gender background of the collected respondents during the survey.  Figure 2).

Fig. 2: Indonesian WeChat Pay users around city in China
Moreover talk, the duration used on WeChat mobile payment innovation by Indonesian are vary (refer to Figure 3).  figure 4). Authors also proposed a question to the respondents about the intensity used of WeChat mobile payment for their daily expenses. Therefore, authors collected the respondents' answers with grocery shopping (33.3%), printing shop (20.7%), Others (21.2%), transfer and receive money from relatives or friends (14.6%), and Transportation payment (10.1%) on the intensity used of WeChat mobile payment innovation in China sequentially (refer to Figure 5). Others define cellular mobile data top up, electricity payment; and all payment provided by WeChat Pay.    Therefore, the study framed out all measurement model analysis to be fully satisfied (refer to Table 3). The value on Cronbach's Alpha, Composite Reliability, AVE, and Factor Loading have exceeded the minimum limit on each criterion. All the Cronbach's Alpha, composite reliability, and factor loadings on its respective constructs signified the value above 0.90. Moreover, most of the value on the Average Variance Extracted indicates a value that also surpasses the lowest criteria to satisfy the measurement model analysis with the value above 0.90 and one construct indicates the range value of 0.875. The Fornell-Larcker Criterion in the study has been fully satisfied by the Average Variance Extracted square root value of each construct are greater than the correlation on each construct (refer to table 4).

Structural model analysis
R Square (R2) value, path coefficients, and Goodness of Fit (GoF) Index are applied to determine the structural model analysis in the current study. According to (Hu & Bentler, 1999), the value of SRMR to satisfy the model fit (GoF) of a research data shall be < .08. Therefore, the study has also satisfied the model fit with the SRMR value of 0.079.

Table 5. Variance Explains of the Endogen Latent Variable
Additionally, the variance explains indicates by R Square on behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation (IA) is 0.676 (refer to Table 5). It has meaning that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and perceived technology security have 67.6% variances explains on behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation. Moreover, the remains 32.4% is determined by other factors.
Furthermore, behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation and customer satisfaction signified 49.7% of the variance explains the behavioral intention to recommend WeChat mobile payment innovation (refer to Table 5). To be more detail, it also explains that the remains 50.3% is determined by other factors other than behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation and customer satisfaction. Additionally, path coefficients analysis was run under the bootstrapping method in the PLS-SEM to analyze the established relationship of a hypothesis. Therefore, the study signified three supported hypothesis out of seven hypothesis (refer to Table 6). The path coefficient on performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influences, and facilitating conditions to behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation indicates a positive path coefficient value. Moreover, the indicated p values of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions to behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation were released as having insignificant value. It is because the p values of the proposed hypothesis exceed the lower limit of the specified measure of p values that is above .050. Hence, H1, H2, H3, and H4 defines a positive insignificant relationship which leads to the proposed hypothesis rejection. However, perceived technology security was found to signify a positive significant relationship to the behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation. It can be seen by the p values that indicates a value above the lower limit of the specified p values measure. The path coefficients have also indicated a positive value of 0.212. Hence, H5 confirmed the proposed hypothesis developed in the study. At last, the behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation and customer satisfaction denote to confirm the H6 and H7. The path coefficients on both behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation and customer satisfaction to behavioral intention to recommend WeChat mobile payment innovation give forth a positive path coefficient value. Furthermore, its p values have pinpointed a significant value as it is indicating the result of greater value than the lower limit of the specified measure on p values. Speaking of, perceived technology security found to has indirect effects on the behavioral intention to recommend WeChat mobile payment innovation. It was defined as having an indirect effect by the evidence collected under current study that perceived technology security has a direct effect on behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation. Moreover, behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation provide the evidence under the study of having a direct effect on behavioral intention to recommend WeChat mobile payment innovation.

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Indonesia is a startup country in the development of a cashless society. Government and practitioners have been searching and introducing cashless society in many ways as cash payment method has been the society payment pattern for many years back. Authors expected to provide new insight to the government and practitioners in Indonesia about the mobile payment innovation as the representative of cashless society. Moreover, authors pick WeChat payment innovation in China to be the study objective with the fact that WeChat mobile payment innovation has taken over the leading mobile payment first rank around the world. Authors believe that by choosing China as the objective study to analyze the approach in introducing and marketing the mobile payment method to the society can lead to some fresh insight into Indonesia. It is because China and Indonesia are both categorized as developing countries in Asia which is believed to have some similarities.
Moreover, the study framed out that some of the proposed hypothesis appears in the study are not in line with the prior study as it has mentioned in the aforementioned proposed hypothesis. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions are having a positive relationship but has no significant value. However, prior studies has also indicates a not significant relationship on performance expectancy ( used. Hence, it can lead to a lack of understanding to Indonesian in China that actually are still searching out for their second nature of using mobile payment approach. Moreover, the future study shall explore in more detail to satisfy the issues arise in the current findings. Additionally, the study captured behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment innovation plays a major role in the intention to recommend the utilization of WeChat mobile payment innovation. The finding is consistent with the earlier research (Oliveira et al., 2016;Zhang et al., 2015;C. Xu et al., 2015). Indonesian found to have high intention to recommend WeChat mobile payment innovation in China to others. Hence, there might be some opportunities for Indonesian government or practitioners to learn the method used by WeChat enterprise in introducing the services. Even though Indonesian were found to have no significant relationship on performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, the people are testifying to have high interest to recommend WeChat mobile payment innovation. Authors found some interesting fact here which can lead to the future study of other researchers. Additionally, Customer satisfaction found to be the second influential determinant to the behavioral intention to recommend WeChat mobile payment innovation. The finding is consistent with earlier research that issued by C. Xu  The finding can be interpreted as a way once the satisfaction needed on Indonesian has been achieved, the person will be more likely to recommend WeChat mobile payment based on their experience.
Moreover, perceived technology security sequentially signified the remains influential determinants of behavioral intention to adopt WeChat mobile payment. The findings are in line with the prior study written by Oliveira et al (2016) and Mohammed & Tejay (2017). The supporting fact behind it, can happened from the emerged of WeChat mobile payment innovation that spreading all over the city side in China. Even to purchase in a vegetable market or street vendor WeChat pay can be used. Furthermore, once society or WeChat Pay users have applied using the mobile payment method not only in a giant market, but also street vendor, there might seems that the user experienced a perceived technology security. Hence, future researchers are able to discuss in more detail regarding the facts behind the high intention of Indonesian to adopt WeChat mobile payment in China. Overall proposed hypothesis, it seems that all of the hypothesis directed to the behavioral intention to recommend WeChat mobile payment innovation is significantly satisfied. Hence, the findings clearly defined that there is a big chance and lesson can be learned by the Indonesian government and practitioners from WeChat mobile payment innovation in China to the development of mobile payment in Indonesia. Additionally, future research can consider to put concern on more specific targeted respondents as the current study has wider targeted respondents and resulting in unbalance collected city from one another. It is suggested that future study are able to frame other determinant factors on behavioral intention to adopt particular technology and the behavioral intention to recommend a particular digital technology.