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The Changing Scene of Primary Care in Japan

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Japan has the highest life expectancy in the world as well as a health care system ranked as one of the best among the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries (United Nations, 2006; Joumard et al., 2010). However, Japan’s total expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) remains one of the lowest among developed countries (WHO, 2010), 8.0% similar to the 8.4% spent by the UK (WHO, 2010). The number of doctors per 1000 people is also similar to the UK: 2.2/1000 versus 2.6/1000, respectively (OECD, 2010).