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Local Settlement Transitions in Southeastern Anatolia during the Late Third and Early Second Millennium BC

Abstract At the end of the third millennium BC, some occupational changes began to appear in northern Mesopotamia and southeastern Anatolia. This period is accompanied by some settlement changes such as contraction, destruction, abandonment and dispersal into some sub-regions of both regions. Although decline in aggregate settlement area and in the settled population as well as a shift to a dispersed rural settlement in some sub-regions, other parts of the areas were densely settled, the number of settlements increasing significantly, with some important centers flourishing in this period. This article will attempt to examine why these neigboring regions are dominated by opposing settlement patterns and how the great increase in the number of sites and population in the Birecik-Carchemish basin, the Gaziantep plain and the Upper Tigris valley and the concomitant decrease in the Karababa region during the EB/MB transitional period can be explained.