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Mast cell, a new player in type 2 diabetes

Background Mast cells plays critical role in inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and their associated complications. These cells exert their physiological and pathological activities by releasing granules containing histamine, cytokines, chemokines, and proteases, including mast cell-specific chymases and tryptases Aim of our study is to detect the role of mast cell in diabetic obese and its correlation to different diabetic complications Method 70 Type 2 diabetic obese patients attending the Diabetes and Endocrinology clinic in Kasr El Ani hospital compared to 15 healthy controls All patients were subjected to: Full medical history, complete physical examination, Anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist circumference) fasting glucose(assessed after 8 hours fasting) –A1C – serum cholesterol –triglycerides-LDL-HDL(assessed after 12 hours fasting) Tryptase level Results Statistical significant difference between patients and control regarding BMI, glucose,cholesterol, HDL, LDL,tryptase (p<0.001) ,triglycerides(p=0.001) Tryptase statistically correlated with BMI,fastingglucose,A1C,triglycerides(p=0.014,r=0.031)/(p=0.012,r=0.297)/(p<0.001,r=0.862),(p=0.039,r=0.247) Higher mean level of tryptase in patients with diabetic complications mainly in retinopathy (32.32 ng/ml) Conclusion Tryptase participate in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complication targeting mast cells as novel therapy for diabetes requires further investigations