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Note on Romanization

Throughout this book I use the new revised romanization system introduced by the Republic of Korea’s Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism in 2000, rather than the older McCune-Reischauer. Since the revised system has become the standard in South Korea, it is high time that professors, academic journals, and presses allow scholars and students to utilize the system each finds best and let future generations naturally decide the matter through usage (as it happened with the replacement of the Wade-Giles system of romanizing Chinese characters by the pinyin system after it became the international standard in 1982). I commend the University of Hawai‘i Press, a major venue for scholarly works on Korea, for allowing me the option. I have, however, maintained the old spelling of the names of wellknown modern figures like Syngman Rhee, Park Chung-hee, and Kim Jong-il, as well as the two most popular family names Kim and Yi, as per standard practice. I have also adopted the general policy of using the revised system for the names of figures who flourished mostly before the official establishment of North and South Korea in 1948 (two-syllable personal names written as one word with only the first letter capitalized and without the use of hyphens—for example, 태준 as Taejun rather than Tae Jun, Tae-jun, or Tae-Jun) but have maintained the spelling of those who were active after 1948 as they appear in English-language publications or according to their individual preferences (I do not want to change my name to Gang Minsu). Inconsistencies, hopefully, have been kept to a minimum.