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Nitrogen levels in citrus leaves infested with immature citrus blackfly

The citrus blackfly (CBF), Aleurocanthus woglumi, is an aleyrodid whose nymphs feed on the leaves of numerous host plants. On citrus, uncontrolled populations often exceed several hundred nymphs per leaf, and persistant, heavy infestations reduced fruit yields by 90+ % in Mexico (Smith et al., 1964). Hart et al. (1976) found that plant cells adjacent to the point where the nymphal mouth parts entered were thickened and that many of these cells had lost their contents. They hypothesized that this damage and the attandant sooty mold growing on nymphal excretions were responsible for reduced fruit yields on infested trees. However, they present no data to support their ideas. In this paper, I present data showing that feeding by immature CBF creates an alternative sink into which plant nutrients flow. Heavy densities of nymphs reduce nutrient levels below the level necessary for successful fruiting on citrus.