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A Medical Countermeasure Against Drugs of Abuse with Detoxifying Biomimetic “Nanosponge” Decoy Receptors Directed Against Opioid Drugs and Methamphetamines

Synthetic highly potent opioids (e.g., Oxycodone, fentanyl, carfentanil, & acrylfentanyl) are emerging as both national security & health threats. Every 15 minutes in the US, a person dies after overdosing on opioids, constituting a national crisis that affects public health as well as social and economic welfare. For opioid overdose, naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, is, to date, the only life‐saving treatment based on its acute reversal of respiratory depression/arrest.3 Critically, naloxone’s actions are short‐acting: when the opioid receptor again becomes accessible, residual opiates in the peripheral circulation or in the tissues can enter the CNS & “re‐narcotize” the patient causing an acute recurrence of life‐threatening respiratory depression/arrest – often before the patient in the field has been stabilized in a high‐acuity center. As such, naloxone therapy has potentially fatal shortcomings. In 2019, rates of natural opioid overdose deaths leveled out, yet overdose death rates involving synthetic opioids like fentanyl, which is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine, have continued to increase. A major concern is that naloxone treatment could be insufficient against these synthetic opioids, and fatal.