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The Survival of the Jews in France: A Multifactorial Approach

No single element explains the high rate of survival of the Jews in France; in fact, a wide range of factors must be taken into account. The author does not claim that 75% of the Jews in France were rescued, but argues instead that they survived, which is not at all the same thing. Although survival implies intentional acts of rescue and self-rescue, it also depends on broader factors. These are structural and contextual in nature, having to do with the Nazis’ strategic objectives in Europe, the existence of a Free Zone in France, the evolution of Vichy policy and public opinion, the creation of the Italian zone, the rise of the Resistance, the failures and limits of repressive measures, the evolution of the international context and the military front.