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Proliferation and differentiation of normal and neoplastic cells in the colon of man

Investigation of proliferate characteristics and of enzymes involved in the metabolism of nucleic acid precursors in colonic cells of man reveal abnormalities in both the replication of the cells and in their differentiation. During migration of normal colonic epithelial cells through the middle third of the colonic crypts, DNA synthesis and mitosis cease as the cells undergo differentiation. However, an early deviation from normal occurs in well‐differentiated colonic epithelial cells of man that continue DNA synthesis and proliferate activity throughout their entire life span. These cells, found in the mucosa of patients who develop neoplastic lesions of the colon, develop an enhanced capacity to proliferate. In neoplastic lesions of increasing size and malignant potential, despite morphological evidence of differentiation, additional abnormalities in nucleic acid enzyme activity develop, and patterns of activity of immature proliferate cells persist. Neoplastic cells of the colon have variable replication rates, with many cells proliferating at near normal, or slower than normal rates. The G2 periodic phase of the proliferate cell cycle was found to be prolonged in villous adenoma and carcinoma cells.