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Assessing the shear strength of municipal sludges and residues for landfill disposal

This paper describes various issues from a geotechnical standpoint concerning the strength of biosolids (sewage sludge) and water-treatment residue (WTR) materials for landfill (monofill) disposal. These materials must be sufficiently dewatered at the municipal works to reduce transportation and landfill-disposal costs, to provide adequate shear strength for efficient handling, placement and trafficability requirements at the landfill site, and for geotechnical stability of the landfill slopes. Topics covered in this paper include: (i) the characteristic behavior and properties of these challenging geomaterials; (ii) undrained strength requirements for landfilling; (iii) in-situ and laboratory strength measurement techniques and interpolation of the strength data; (iv) strength predictions using existing undrained strength–water content correlations. Since these correlations are material specific, with the geotechnical properties of biosolids and WTR materials varying between treatment plants, they generally cannot be applied more widely with confidence. A new (different) approach, which uses a power-law relationship to predict values of remolded undrained strength mobilized for different water contents, is presented.