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Reexamination of Color Vision Standards, Part 2. A Computational Method to Assess the Effect of Color Deficiencies in Using ATC Displays

Abstract : The previous study showed that many colors were used in air traffic control displays. We also found that colors were used mainly for three purposes: capturing controllers' immediate attention, identifying targets, and segmenting information. This report is a continuing effort to reexamine the FAA's color vision standards, focused on understanding how individuals with color vision deficiencies use color-coded information. We first reviewed and synthesized the literature about the effectiveness of color relative to achromatic visual cues. Next, we developed several algorithms to assess the effects of color for individuals with color vision deficiencies. Using a computational algorithm that simulates how color deficient individuals perceive color, we were able to calculate the effectiveness of color in task performance. By considering together the effectiveness of redundant visual cues and the perception of those with color vision deficiencies, we provide a method to assess the potential effects of color deficiencies in using color displays.