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SPR waveguide sensor based on combined sensing of phase and amplitude changes

This paper describes a high sensitivity integrated optical sensor based on combined sensing of modal changes including amplitude, phase, and shape. The scheme is extremely simple, consisting of a single waveguide structure supporting two guided modes acting as sensor section, and a single guided mode in the output section. The transition of modes from the sensing to the output section is designed so that both modes contribute to the power of the output section mode. In this method, small changes in the sensing section are translated into power changes in the output section. Sensitivity values calculated for the new structure are an order of magnitude higher compared to previously reported SPR sensors. External control of the differential phase between the two propagating modes allows higher sensitivity, extended working range, and simplifies fabrication constraints.