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Translational Regulation of TRAIL Sensitivity

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a peptide that inducesapoptosis to varying degrees in tumor cells, but not in normal cells. While TRAILsensitivity in tumors has been linked to c-myc- and MEK/Erk-induced enhancement ofcaspase activation, our recent study identified a third input controlling TRAIL sensitivity,namely the Akt-mTOR pathway. We showed that instead of enhancing TRAILsensitivity, Akt expression, acting through mTOR and the mTOR targets S6 kinase andeIF-4E, selectively enhances translation of the anti-apoptotic protein FLIPs and confersTRAIL resistance. In this perspective article we will discuss the linkage of the AktmTORpathway to other regulators of TRAIL sensitivity, its importance in controlling abroader range of apoptotic events, its utility in predicting TRAIL responsiveness, and itspotential manipulation for therapeutic benefit.