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Anisotropic protein organofibers encoded with extraordinary mechanical behaviors for cellular mechanobiology applications.

Hydrogels particularly those integrated with living cellular systems, show active properties for diverse applications due to their dynamic networks, structural flexibility, and tailorable functionalities. However, their mechanical performances are limited especially in the context of cellular mechanobiology. Besides, it remains elusive to fabricate robust gel networks with a long-term durability. Thus, it is highly desirable to design new generation of soft materials showing outstanding mechanical behaviors for mechanobiology applications. Here, we harnessed synthetic biology strategy and supramolecular assembly rationale to prepare a family of elastin-like protein (ELP) organogel fibers with extraordinary mechanical properties. Mechanical performance and stability of the assembled anisotropic proteins are significantly superior to other organo-/hydro-gel systems. Remarkably, bone-derived mesenchymal cells for the first time were introduced in the organofiber system for stem cell lineage differentiation. Thus, this approach demonstrates the feasibility of mechanically strong and anisotropic organo-networks for mechanobiology applications and holds great potentials for tissue regeneration translations.