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Time, Information Technologies, and the Geographies of Everyday Life

The publication of five books and two special issues on information technologies (IT) by geographers in recent years seems to suggest a new and significant wave of IT-related research in geography (Geographical Review, 1997; Janelle and Hodge, 2000; Wheeler et al., 2000; Wilson and Corey, 2000; Dodge and Kitchin, 2001; Environment and Planning B, 2001; Leinbach and Brunn, 2001). These publications not only updated and expanded earlier contributions by urban researchers and geographers (e.g., Castells, 1989, 1996; Hepworth, 1990; Brunn and Leinbach, 1991; Batty, 1993; Kellerman, 1993; Graham and Marvin, 1996), they also highlighted important directions for geographical research in ITrelated themes. Papers included in these volumes and other recent studies represent a wide range of theoretical and analytical approaches, including city and regional studies (e.g., Dodge and Shiode, 2000; Gillespie and Richardson, 2000; Graham and Marvin, 2000; Townsend, 2001); studies on specific industries or firms (e.g., Brunn and Leinbach, 2000; Dodge and Kitchin, 2001); social and cultural studies of the Internet or cyberspace (e.g., Adams, 1995, 1997, 1999; Warf, 2000); network analysis and spatial interaction modeling (e.g., Wheeler and O’Kelly, 1999; Murnion, 2000; O’Kelly and Grubesic, 2002); and the study of human cyberspatial cognition and behavior (Kwan, 2001). Since there are helpful reviews of this literature (e.g., Graham, 1998), I do not intend to provide an exhaustive literature review in this progress report. Instead, I focus mainly on three related perspectives and areas of research whose relevance and value to ITrelated research in geography is relatively unnoticed to date. These include recent timeuse studies, time-geographic research, and studies on human activity-travel patterns in space-time. Common among these studies is their emphasis on the critical role of time in