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Linear beam steering module based on chirped gratings

A novel design for a linear beam steering module, based on diffractive elements, is presented in this paper. The steering module consists of two parallel gratings (with special chirped grating functions), where the input wave impinges on the first grating normal to the grating's plane. In the 0-state (no translation) the output wave emerges as a plane wave normal to the grating's plane. When the first grating is translated by an amount of (delta) x, the output wave is deviated by an angle of (Theta) , where the deviation ratio, (kappa) equals sin(Theta) /(delta) x, is a constant. This angular deviation can be easily converted to a linear scanning of a focused point, with the help of an appropriate focusing lens. In this paper, we use a novel design method that enables us to produce a beam steering device that does not suffer from any aberration. Specifically, the output wave emerges from the second grating as a plane wave, with diffraction limited performance, over the entire field of view. Moreover, the gratings can be fabricated with novel techniques that enable the manufacturing of the desired gratings in a mass-production line with relatively low costs. In addition, the system is small, compact, easy to work with and with a very large deviation relation. Hence, the desired translation can be accomplished using a small piezoelectric crystal that is attached to the first grating and there is no need to resort to expensive and complicated steering equipment.