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Hemorrhagic encephalitis in a patient with neuromyelitis optica: A case report

Context: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe, inflammatory, relapsing disease with a predilection for the optic nerves and spinal cord. The manifestations of brain involvement take various forms, but the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage is seldom observed. Finding: We report the case of a patient with NMO who presented with hemorrhagic encephalitis during the course of the disease. Conclusion: This case report is the first documented instance of hemorrhagic encephalitis identified in a patient with NMO. Among the manifestations of brain involvement in patients with NMO, hemorrhagic encephalitis is rare but can be observed.