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Aristocratic Education in Russia during 1730s and Pedagogical Views of Leonhard Euler

The problem of the aristocratic education in Russia during 1730s is closely connected with ambivalent government policy towards the nobility, which should have still done their duty and used to get more and more privileges. The Manifesto of 31 December 1736 about the service of noblemen equated their studies to other obligations of them; the legislative acts of February — April 1737 explained them also at what age, what and how they should study. In July 1737, the authorities declared that noble pupils’ progress would be annually checked; just for this case the Academy of Sciences was obliged to draw up a special “exam project”. It was prepared by prof. T. S. Bayer, Ch. Goldbach, G. W. Krafft and L. Euler, who then were engaged to improve the Academy’s Gymnasium. As a result, Euler presented his Gymnasium project, in which he tried to bring together the demands of times and his own pedagogical views.