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Numerical Simulation of Scavenging of Small Particles by Charged Droplets

The trajectories of fine aerosol particles in the vicinity of a free falling collector droplet and their deposition on it were investigated numerically by solving the equations of motion of the particle and the droplet in quiescent air. The droplet was assumed to be charged to one half of the Rayleigh limit. The Coulomb, image, Stokes, inertial, and gravitational forces acting upon the particle near the droplet were taken into consideration in the equations of motion. The equations of the droplet motion were also incorporated into the set of equations including the Coulomb and image forces on the droplet due to the particle charge. The flow field in the vicinity of the droplet was determined by numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. The equations of particle motion were solved in threedimensional (3-D) space by the Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order. The collection efficiency of the particles on the droplet was determined by searching the limiting trajectory within the entire space. The results for particles charged to 10 elementary charges of the same and opposite polarity as the droplet, as well as the electrically neutral ones, were compared. The assumption on the charge of the particle was rather arbitrary. It was assumed that particles are not intentionally charged but only possess a charge generated by tribocharging due to random contacts and were independent of the particle size. Charging the collector causes the Coulomb forces between these 2 species to improve particle deposition on the droplet and in this way the aerosol is removed from the gas. For the aerosol particles charged to the same polarity as the collector, the collection efficiency is still higher than for uncharged particles due to the action of the image forces. In this case, the collection efficiency increases for smaller droplets and for particles with increasing diameter.