{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024484536082474227, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002577319587628866, 'mean_word_length': 5.166666666666667, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Influence of an Energy Storage System on the Energy Consumption of a Diesel-Electric Locomotive

This paper studies the influence of an energy storage system (ESS) on the fuel consumption of a diesel-electric locomotive. First, an energetic model of a diesel-electric locomotive is established using energetic macroscopic representation (EMR). An inversion-based control is deduced, and the model is validated by experimental results on a real locomotive. Second, from this validated model, a battery/supercapacitor ESS is added in simulation to study the benefit of hybridization before integration on the real vehicle. The simulations show that simple energy management based on a frequency approach allows for the reduction of 25% on fuel consumption on a real drive cycle.