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Enhanced cardiac performance following cardiopulmonary bypass.

Changes in cardiac performance during coronary revascularization surgery were followed in 22 selected patients with normal or mildly impaired left ventricles; vasoactive or inotropic drugs were generally avoided. Arterial pressure, filling pressures, and cardiac output were measured; stroke volume and work were calculated before induction of anesthesia, following sternotomy, soon after discontinuation of extracorporeal circulation, and one hour postoperatively. Induction and sternotomy were associated with a depressant effect on cardiac performance. After extracorporeal circulation, however, cardiac performance recovered, cardiac output increased to 7 +/- 0.5 l/min from a preoperative control of 4.9 +/- 0.3 L/min (p less than 0.002) without an elevation of atrial pressures. This increase in cardiac output after bypass resulted from decreased afterload and increased preload secondary to hemodilution. Cardiac performance approached control values early in the postoperative period.