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The benefits of intelligent antenna arrays in TD-CDMA-a study based on measured channel impulse responses

In January 1998, ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) determined the air interface standard for UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecomunications System). This standard will comprise the component TD-CDMA (time division CDMA). In this paper, the suitability of TD-CDMA for utilizing intelligent antenna arrays at base station receivers and the benefits achievable by such antennas are demonstrated by simulations. Different types of antenna configurations are studied. The directional channel models needed for the simulations are derived from measured channel impulse responses.