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Global Pediatric Anesthesiology: Current Practice and Future Priorities

The staggering need for expanded access to safe surgery for children globally has only recently begun to receive the attention that it deserves. In the arena of global health, a term that encompasses transnational efforts to identify and eradicate disease affecting large populations, particularly in areas with lower levels of development, child health has traditionally been focused on infectious disease and malnutrition. The United Nations’ Millennium Development Goal 4 was to reduce mortality in children under 5 years of age by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015 and included strategic efforts to improvement management of childhood illness, expand immunization, and improve infant and young child feeding. Reducing childhood mortality is currently one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reflecting the ongoing focus on the health of children who make up 50% of the population of lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). In 2015, the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery published findings describing the state of surgery and anesthesia care worldwide as the culmination of a growing effort to address the 30% of the global burden of