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Ray Tracing and SAR Tomography for 3D Analysis of Microwave Scattering at Man-Made Objects

An inherent drawback of SAR imaging of complex 3D structures is the potential layover of more than one scatterer in one resolution cell. Such scatterers can be separated by tomographic processing of multiple SAR images acquired with different across-track baselines. Simulation tools may further support interpretation of such layover effects appearing in multi-body urban scenes. In this paper, an existing 2D simulation approach, developed for separating different kinds of reflection effects in the azimuth-range plane, is enhanced by including the elevation direction as third dimension and thus enabling the comparison of the SAR simulation results with 3D imaging techniques such as tomography. After introducing the simulation concept, tools for three-dimensional analysis of scattering effects are presented. Finally, simulated data are compared with real elevation data extracted from TerraSAR-X images for showing potential fields of application.