{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024336283185840708, 'fraction_numerical': 0.008849557522123894, 'mean_word_length': 4.62111801242236, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A tale of two presidencies: Trump and Biden on the National Mall

ABSTRACT The 2020 U.S. presidential campaign was about much more than an electoral contest between Donald J. Trump and Joseph R. Biden. Instead, this election cycle revealed two opposing views of the U.S. presidency and a bitter debate over whether it should be understood as an institution defined by and subservient to the U.S. Constitution or as a position dictated by the whims of one individual. In this essay, I examine two corresponding yet contrasting episodes in January 2021 to demonstrate the tensions between viewing the U.S. presidency as an institution versus an individual. Ultimately, I suggest that attending to the institutional nature of the U.S. presidency reveals how the norms of a presidential rhetorical culture are built, perpetuated, and at times dismantled by individual chief executives over time and in place.