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The Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus, Including Gestational Diabetes

The process of diagnosing diabetes mellitus cannot be regarded as an exact science. It has evolved over many years and even now continues to change as our knowledge and perception of the condition alter. In the majority of cases the diagnosis is not difficult, but a dilemma does exist in the rather wide and hazy zone between normality and obvious diabetes. There are also certain situations, such as pregnancy, where special factors apply and which require separate consideration. Of course, diabetes mellitus is not a single entity. It comprises different types with different aetiologies, e.g. type I (insulindependent), type II (non-insulin-dependent), maturity onset diabetes of the young, etc., and these may present in different ways, be attended by different complications and require different methods of treatment. Nevertheless, they are all associated with greater or lesser degrees of carbohydrate intolerance and current methods of diagnosis usually depend on this without providing any differentiation by type.