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Laser-activated bubbles in living cells: new universal cytometric method

Laser-activated micro- and nano-bubbles (LAB) in cells may be used as universal and sensitive probes for measuring properties of individual cells. Such bubbles can be detected and imaged by using microscopy and flow cytometry. LABs in living blood and tumor cells were induced by pulsed (532 nm, 10 ns) laser radiation and were detected by a thermal lens optical method. LAB lifetime and maximal diameter varied, correspondingly, within the ranges 0.02-10 ms and 0.44-100 mm. LAB parameters - thresholds and probabilities - were found to depend upon the physiological state of cells. Specificity and sensitivity of LAB cytometry were increased by using light-absorbing nanoparticles conjugated to specific monoclonal antibodies.