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How many particles do we need to measure aerosol mixing state?

Atmospheric aerosols are evolving mixtures of different chemical species. The term “aerosol mixing state” is commonly used to describe how different chemical species are distributed throughout a particle population. A population is “fully internally mixed” if each individual particle consists of same species mixtures, whereas it is fully externally mixed if each particle only contains one species. Mixing state matters for aerosol health impacts and for climate-relevant aerosol properties, such as the particles’ propensity to form cloud droplets or the aerosol optical properties.