{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02622950819672131, 'fraction_numerical': 0.020765027322404372, 'mean_word_length': 4.739811912225705, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Incidence and Management of Bamboo Diseases in North East India

Bamboo is an indispensable plant resource for the rural people of Northeast India due to its diverse use in everyday life. In India, there are about 136 species of bamboo belonging to 23 genera, covering an area of about 14 million hectares. Of these, the Northeastern region has 15 genera and 90 species covering 29,396 sq. km, which comprises of about 28% of the total bamboo growing area in the country. However, the production potential of bamboo is greatly affected by various biotic and abiotic factors viz., erratic rainfall, fire, grazing, unscientific harvesting and pests and diseases. A total 437 microbes, belonging to 12 phyla and 46 orders have been reported to affect bamboos in India. However, only 37 fungal diseases have been reported to affect bamboos in Northeast India of which, 6 are nursery diseases and 31 are plantation diseases. Among these, web blight disease of bamboo caused by Rhizoctonia solani in Bambusa bambos is one of the most serious emerging diseases of bamboo nurseries. The fungus grows in a very rapid manner which can eventually destroy the whole nursery bed within a few days of infection. Foliar spray of Validamycin (0.1%) or Propiconazole (0.1%) at an interval of 15 days after emergence of seedlings proved to be an effective control measure for the disease. Among the diseases in plantations, culm rot and bamboo blight disease caused by Fusarium udum, is the most severe disease affecting economically important bamboo plantations viz., Bambusa balcooa, B. tulda and B. nutans in Assam. The disease is most common in the flood affected areas and could be managed by adopting routine cultural practices followed by soil drenching with Carbendazim @ 0.1% twice (once before and once after the emergence of new shoots).