{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01927710843373494, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00321285140562249, 'mean_word_length': 5.357142857142857, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 1, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Developing a European Toolbox to manage potential invasion by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) and bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius), important pests of ash and birch


 The threats posed by the buprestid beetles emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) and bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius Gory) have been the subject of considerable research, primarily to develop methods for detection and management of the pests. PREPSYS, a Euphresco project, has worked with collaborators globally to assess the ‘state of the art’ for the two insect pests and to identify those measures that would best prepare Europe for potential invasion by the pests, especially emerald ash borer which is now in the western part of Russia and in eastern Ukraine. Building on an excellent exchange of knowledge and discussion at the OECD-sponsored international conference held in Vienna in October 2018, the concept of a European Toolbox to increase preparedness for dealing with the pests has been developed. This includes key components including surveillance, direct intervention, use of natural enemies and increased awareness of the problems associated with the pests. Collaboration is essential in delivering and refining the European Toolbox.