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Tumult i konfederacja

The Tumult and Confederation: Religious Significance of the Toruń 1724 and 1767 Events in the Light of Contemporary Manuscript Newsbooks 
In the eighteenth century, the town of Toruń, which was politically, religiously, and demographically dominated by Protestants, became twice the nucleus of a countrywide rebellion. The first insurgency occurred in 1724, when the town became the place of religious riots known as the Toruń tumult. The second rebellion appeared in the form of the dissident Crown Confederation of Toruń in 1767, which was founded in response to a Catholic confederation organized in Radom. Both incidents had meaningful impact on the overall situation in Poland-Lithuania. One can find information on these disturbances in contemporary political writings and press. In particular, we find interesting opinions about the Toruń tumult in handwritten newspapers, the only source of news in the Polish territory before the establishment of the first printed newspaper in 1729.