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Restoration of postburn impaired lymphocyte responsiveness by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is independent of prostaglandin E2 inhibition

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been implicated in postburn immunosuppression, which is responsible for septic complications. In the present work, seven nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), differing by their capacity to inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway, were compared for their ability to restore T lymphocyte proliferative responses evaluated 4 days after thermal injury in rats. Salicylic acid, 5‐aminosalicylic acid, and niflumic acid, given daily, fully restored spleen cell responses to concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin. These drugs were active only at doses that were below the anti‐inflammatory doses and did not modify normal spleen cell responses. In these conditions, indomethacin slightly restored lymphocyte reactivity, whereas acetylsalicylic acid, ketoprofene, and piroxicam were ineffective. PGE2 production by Con A‐stimulated spleen cells from untreated burned rats and after treatment with niflumic acid or 5‐aminosalicylic acid did not correlate with the intensity of the proliferative response. Indomethacin, niflumic acid, and 5‐aminosalicylic acid were added in vitro to spleen cells from normal and burned rats, at concentrations from 10‐7 to 10‐4 M. PGE2 production was strongly depressed by indomethacin and niflumic acid and not modified by 5‐aminosalicylic acid. The proliferative response of normal spleen cells was depressed in a concentration‐dependent manner by niflumic acid and slightly inhibited at the highest concentrations of indomethacin. In contrast, indomethacin concentration dependently restored the burn‐impaired proliferative response, whereas niflumic acid further depressed it and 5‐aminosalicylic acid had no effect. These results demonstrate that only some NSAIDs are able to restore T lymphocyte reactivity impaired after thermal injury and that this property is not related to inhibition of PGE2 production. J. Leukoc. Biol. 55: 64–72; 1994.