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Patterns of Thyroid Lesions: A Histomorphological Analysis from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of NIENT

Background: Thyroid gland is unique among the endocrine glands in having a wide spectrum of diseases. Lesions of thyroid appear to be common in Bangladesh. Goiter or enlargement of the thyroid may be diffuse or nodular, ranges from functional enlargements, immunologically mediated enlargements to neoplastic lesions. Objectives: This study is aimed to describe the histomorphological spectrum of thyroid lesion in relation to age, sex distribution and also to compare the findings with other studies done in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of NIENT. Methods: It is a prospective study of all thyroidectomy specimens received from June 2020 - May 2021 in Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Dhaka. Bangladesh. The specimens included lobectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy. Formalin fixed specimens were routinely processed and paraffin embedded. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Lesions were classified on the basis of light microscopy as congenital, goiter, inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. Neoplastic lesions were classified according to WHO classification of thyroid tumours. Results: A total of 301 specimens of thyroid were received in department of histopathology during the period from August 2016 to December 2017. No case of follicular carcinoma or lymphoma was found. Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are one of the common problems encountered in surgical practice. Among the varied histomorphological spectrum nodular or multinodular goiter is the most common lesion. Thyroid lesions are more common in female.