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A review of pedal peptide/orcokinin-type neuropeptides.

Neuropeptides are endogenous active substances that play important roles in a number of physiological processes and are ubiquitous in the nervous tissue in vivo. The gene encoding pedal peptide/orcokinin-type (PP/OK-type) neuropeptide is an important member of the neuropeptide gene family and is ubiquitous in invertebrates of Bilateria; orcokinin (OK) is mainly found in Arthropoda, while pedal peptide (PP) is mainly found in Mollusca. OK and PP are also present in other animals. PP/OK-type neuropeptides are a kind of multifunctional neuropeptide predominantly expressed in the nervous tissue and play important roles in the nerve regulation of movement. Moreover, OK has a number of other physiological functions. This review describes the distribution, expression, function and maturation of PP/OK-type neuropeptides to facilitate investigations of new functions and receptors of PP/OK-type neuropeptides, providing the theoretical foundation for the potential use of PP/OK-type neuropeptides in the prevention and control of agricultural and forestry pests, as an additive for skin care products and in the screening of drugs for the treatment of diabetes.