{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03659574468085106, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00851063829787234, 'mean_word_length': 5.569832402234637, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A Ni(OH)2-modified Ti-doped α-Fe2O3 photoanode for improved photoelectrochemical oxidation of urea: the role of Ni(OH)2 as a cocatalyst.

For semiconductor-based PEC systems, loading an appropriate cocatalyst on a semiconductor (such as a solar-active material) can significantly improve the PEC activity due to the suppression of photogenerated charge recombination. But there is little direct information about the role of a cocatalyst in the spatial separation of photogenerated charge carriers. In our work, a combination of surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS), transient photovoltage (TPV) technique, photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) and transient photocurrent measurements was used to study the real role of Ni(OH)2 as a cocatalyst for the enhanced PEC performance of Ni(OH)2-modified Ti-doped α-Fe2O3. It was found that Ni(OH)2 as a hole storage layer enhances the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and increases the lifetime of holes, which contributed to the enhanced photocurrent. In addition, Ni(OH)2 is a good cocatalyst for urea oxidation which suppresses the over-potential, resulting in a negative shift of the onset potential.