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Anticancer Activity of Acetogenins from Annona Muricata Fruit

Medicinal plants become very important in our days for their therapeutic benefits to humankind. It sustains 
human health, and it is commonly known as herbal medicines since ancient times. Annona muricata is a 
heart-shaped fruit that is consumed raw or as the fruit juice in the tropical area. A. muricata is used in 
traditional and alternative medicine to treat different ailments such as diabetes, hypertension, respiratory 
and skin illness, inflammation and cancer. A. muricata contains essential anticancer agents named 
acetogenins that play the significant role in various cancer types. Acetogenins are strong nicotinamide 
adenine dinucleotide oxidase inhibitors of the cancer cell's mitochondrial membrane but showed neurotoxic 
effects in rats. Therefore, acetogenins need to be further investigated to determine the exact mechanisms 
of action, long-term safety, optimal dosage, and potential side effects. Given the extensive studies on A. 
muricata, this review focuses on the phytochemistry, medicinal uses, biological activities and the 
mechanisms of action for the fruit extracts and acetogenins, to stimulate further studies on the fruit pulp 
used for human consumption.