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Book Review: Media and Revolt: Strategies and Performances from the 1960s to the Present

The collection of articles in the eleventh volume of Protest, Culture and Society Series explores the complex interrelations between social movements and the mass media from 1968 to the present day. The starting point of the timeframe represents the period when media, and particularly television, ‘discovered the attractiveness of protest events’, and the end-point is marked by the period when digital technologies created new opportunities for protest movements to communicate their agenda (p. 1). The collection consists of four parts: ‘Systematic Approaches to Protest and Media’, ‘Protest and Mass Media Around 1968’, ‘Professional Strategies Across the Media After 1968’ and ‘Protest in the Digital Age’. It offers perspectives from sociology, social psychology, history and media studies. Two themes unite those different disciplinary approaches: the concept of media framing, and professional media strategies applied by protest movements. The first chapter explores conceptual aspects of protest and media relations, such as classification of protest groups’ media strategies and multiple facets of the framing process. Part 2 focuses on how such forms of media as print journalism, photo journalism, television and film constructed the image of protests in Europe and North America. Part 3 focuses on media strategies of particular groups and organisations: the Red Army Faction, Greenpeace, the Black Panthers and European Social Forums. The last chapter, dedicated to the protest in the digital age, tries to define how protest and media scenes were changed by the digital shift. It contributes to the debate around the potential of digital media to disrupt usual relations between media, authorities, activists and the public. The cases of the Zapatistas and the Punk movement challenge the argument of those scholars, such as Shirky and Castells, who see social media influence on democracy and social movements as overly positive. The volume offers a much-needed diachronic perspective on the relations between media and social movements. While current debates about the role of the internet tend to deal with predominantly recent events such as the Arab Spring or Indignados movement in Spain, Media and Revolt emphasises the importance of understanding the continuity of those relations. Even though direct comparison between 1968 and the present day cannot be made due to the different contexts and methodologies of the studies, the volume invites the reader to reflect on how these relations are affected by historic forms of social movements and mass media. The collection makes a timely contribution to the field, and will be of interest to scholars in the mass media, and those studying social movements and history.