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Movement trajectories in laparoscopic tools

In this study, a system was developed to assess quality of movement, as applied to laparoscopic instruments. An instrument is fitted with a variable inductor as part of a Colpitts oscillator. Output frequency is demodulated, sampled, and processed using LabView. In initial studies, this system is used to evaluate velocity and positioning accuracy during insertion and retraction tasks. Data show no significant difference between dominant and non-dominant hands, but velocity for extraction was higher than that of insertion, and marked improvement was seen over a three-day period.