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Secretion of macrophage cytotoxic factors induced by new desmuramyl acylpseudopeptide analogs of muramyl dipeptide.

Sixteen desmuramyl analogs of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) were tested for their abilities to stimulate cytotoxic factor secretion by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Among them, the pseudohexapeptide Boc-Gly psi [CH2O]-D-Ala-Ala-D-Glu[Lys(H-Gly)NHEt]-NH2 appeared to be four times more effective than MDP. From this study, the D configuration of the pseudo-alanyl (or lactyl) residue appears to be essential for activity.