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Uranium Production in Caetité , Brazil

Brazil has nowadays two nuclear power plants in operation which are supplied by the uranium extracted from the only mine now being exploited, located at Caetité – State of Bahia, where mining is carried out on five meters benches open-pit. The ore is crushed in four stages to minus 13 mm, concentrated sulphuric acid is added to agglomerate the fines and the final product is sent to a HDPE lined leaching pad to form piles. Heap leaching is carried out by sulphuric acid solution irrigation over the pile. The pregnant solution is collected in HDPE lined ponds and pumped to the milling plant where uranium is separated by solvent extraction and precipitated as ammonium diuranate ADU, that is washed and dried. After leaching the drained pile is removed to the mine waste piles. The raffinate from the uranium recovery process plant is treated with milk of lime and sent to HDPE lined tailing ponds from where the clarified liquid phase is recycled to the leaching step. The plant has nominal capacity to process 180,000 ton/year of ore to produce 400 ton/year of U3O8 as ADU. From the beginning of commercial production at the end of 2001 until October 2008, some 1,120,000 ton of ore with an average grade of 0.252% U3O8 were processed giving some 2,000 ton of U3O8 production with an average uranium recovery of 76% and sulphuric acid consumption of 40 kg/ton. An overall environment monitoring program gives data and information that are applied to prevent any damage to the environment.