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Pedestrian Behavior at Intersections: A Literature Review of Models and Simulation Recommendations

Understanding the behavior of pedestrians at intersections can help to improve the efficiency and safety in urban traffic systems and has increasingly drawn the attention of the transportation industry. Pedestrian behavior and movement are of high uncertainty and difficult to analyze, not only because of the individual characteristics, but also the interaction with vehicles and infrastructures. This study specifically investigates various modeling studies on pedestrian behavior at intersections. Insights are provided regarding the inputs, algorithms, and application scenarios. Also, this study identifies limitations in the existing traffic simulation tools involving pedestrians and provides recommendations for addressing these issues in future research. The modeling and simulation of the interaction among vehicles and pedestrians at intersections are open challenges and can be used as helpful tools to boost the development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) as well as intelligent intersections.