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Remote monitoring capabilities for arctic water surface and ice covers

The paper briefly describes the physical foundations of water and ice characteristics according to microwave data. A review of the work is presented where, based on model calculations and experimental measurements, the emissivity of the ice cover in the microwave range is described, the questions of the development of models for sea ice with strong and moderate absorption and porous structures, the features of the radiation indices of young ice, ice with low salinity and pack ice. Specific examples of the classification of phenomena on the water surface and ice cover are given. The program modules included in the system were used to process data from radiophysical experiments with the Kosmos- 1500 satellite for the Arctic regions. The statistical characteristics of the "spotting" of the radio brightness temperatures, obtained for the most informative thresholds, are analyzed. It is asserted that these characteristics can be used in the detection of abnormal phenomena on the water surface and ice cover.