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Magnetoelectric coupling and exchange bias effects in multiferroic NdCrO3

We report ferroelectricity around  ∼88 K that appears well below TN (∼25 K), unlike other members of RCrO3 series. A synchrotron diffraction study suggests that the occurrence of ferroelectricity in NdCrO3 is coupled to the structural transformation from centrosymmetric Pnma to a non-centrosymmetric Pna21 space group. A strong magnetoelectric coupling is observed in the electric polarization [P(T)]. This coupling is significantly influenced by the magnetic field cooling effect, suggesting an exchange bias effect in P(T). This exchange bias effect is also revealed by the systematic shift of the magnetic hysteresis loops below TN. The rare occurrence of an exchange bias effect in both the magnetic and electric polarizations associated with a strong magnetoelectric coupling is of fundamental interest, as well as being attractive for technological applications close to liquid nitrogen temperature.