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Characterizing Nuclear Fusion

Conventional mass spectrometry techniques can be used to monitor vacuum quality and contaminant species ahead of the fusion process. However, their use in characterizing species used in fusion reactions is limited by the mass interferences that occur with the isotopes of light gases, deuterium and helium for example appear at mass 4. This article describes the use of Threshold Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) and Ultra‐high resolution Mass Spectrometry, both are effective in the characterization of typical species found in nuclear fusion. The TIMS technique uses the control of ionization potential to selectively ionize species at the same nominal mass, deuterium, D2 a typical fuel used in nuclear fusion and the fusion by‐product 4He, both appear at m/z 4 for example. The development of ultra‐high resolution mass spectrometry, using the second stability zone, “Zone H”, further improves these capabilities, with the detection of interference species by mass. Ultrahigh resolution allows improvements in sensitivity of a factor of 100 over the TIMS method.