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The OMEGA Instrument on board Mars Express: First Results

OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, l’Eau, le Glace e l’Activite) is a visible and near infrared mapping spectrometer, operating in the spectral range (0.35 5.1 μm). Combining imagery and spectrometry, OMEGA is designed to provide the mineralogical and molecular composition of the surface and atmosphere of Mars through the spectral analysis of the diffused solar light and surface thermal emission. OMEGA will provide a global coverage at medium resolution (2 to 5 km) of the entire surface of Mars from altitudes 1500 to 4000 km, and high resolution (< 400 m) spectral images of selected areas, amounting to a few percents of the surface, when observed close to periapsis (< 300 km altitude). OMEGA will address major questions associated to internal structure, geologic and chemical evolution, past activity and present surface variegation. It will greatly contribute to the understanding of the evolution of Mars from geological time scales to seasonal variations. It will in particular give unique clues for understanding the H2O and CO2 cycles over the Mars history. It will play a major role in identifying areas of interest for the future martian in situ explorations. OMEGA is an international collaboration between France, Italy and Russia, involving the following Institutions: IAS (Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France), DESPA (Dpartement de Recherches Spatiales, Observatoire de Paris/Meudon, France), IFSI (Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy) and IKI (Institute for Space Research, Moscow, Russia). In this paper we present the first results after few months from starting of its observations.