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The effect of education and telephone follow-up intervention based on the Roy Adaptation Model after myocardial infarction: randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Patients' lifestyle changes after myocardial infarction reduce the risk of infarction. Nursing interventions are important for the initiation and maintenance of lifestyle adaptation.


AIM
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of education and telephone follow-up intervention based on the Roy Adaptation Model for improving myocardial infarction patients' self-efficacy, quality of life and lifestyle adaptation.


METHOD
In this parallel, randomised controlled trial, patients were randomly allocated to a control group or an intervention group (n = 33/group). The control group received routine care, while the intervention group received routine care plus a telephone follow-up intervention, which consisted of a predischarge education programme and three telephone follow-up sessions. Data were collected before discharge, in the 12th week after discharge between April 2016 and August 2017. All outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks, and included quality of life, coping adaptation process, self-efficacy and lifestyle changes. The CONSORT checklist was used in the study.


RESULTS
In the 12th week after discharge, patients in the intervention group had significant improvements in self-efficacy, quality of life and coping adaptation process compared with the control group. The intervention group also had more adaptation lifestyle changes concerning patients nutrition and physical activity in the 12-week follow-up.


CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that education and telephone follow-up intervention based on Roy Adaptation Model was had positive and significant results after 12 weeks compared with usual care. The findings of this study are important for supporting nursing practice and health professionals who care for individuals with myocardial infarction to develop nursing care.