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Book Review: Chileans in Exile: Private Struggles, Public Lives

authored by Professor Briant Lindsay Lowell of the University of Texas. The book appears in the valuable series "Brown University Studies in Population and Development". A specialist in population studies, Dr. Lowell has concentrated throughout the book on population and development issues although initially with a rather narrow focus namely, emigration from rural Sweden but he subsequently broadens his treatment to encompass emigration from Norway from 1875 to 1905. In what must be regarded as a pioneering work, theory takes pride of place in the book, underpinning chapters on the causes of emigration and theoretical orientation. The author deals in some detail with four important areas that impinge on the emigration phenomenon: "Ecology and Social Organization in Agriculture", "Response to Latent Overpopulation and Urban Development", "Economic Crises", and "Innovation and Diffusion" as they relate to regions and institutions. His discussions of peasant ecology theory as it applies to the two countries, the role of the landless in emigration, and levels of urban industrialization throw much light on the topic at hand. The last section, "Summary and Conclusions", offers a great number of comparisons between the two groups with several subsections which to this reviewer seem both valid and well-founded. Equally so is the author's discussion ofinnovation and diffusion theory, the findings of which indicate why the variables are of rather great significance as applied to the period of mass migration (from 1870 into the 1890s) but lose much of their importance in explaining emigration during the following years.