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High- and Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism in the North Qaidam and South Altyn Terranes, Western China

The North Qaidam and South Altyn terranes extend approximately 1000 km across the northern Tibetan Plateau, and five localities preserve evidence of Early Paleozoic high-pressure (HP) or ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism, including the presence of coesite, coesite pseudomorphs, and diamond. A review of the geology, petrology, and geochronology collected over the past 10 years since these localities were discovered supports a correlation of the North Qaidam and South Altyn terranes, offset 350-400 km across the Altyn Tagh fault. Geochronology interpreted to reflect eclogite-facies metamorphism yields ages between 500 and 420 Ma; detailed geochronology from one locality supports a protracted (tens of m.y.) history of HP/UHP metamorphism. Rock associations and geochronology support a passive-margin origin for the protolith of the HP/UHP rocks, which received sediments from a Proterozoic-Late Archean source, and was intruded by Neoproterozoic granites derived from crustal melting.