{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.020484171322160148, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002793296089385475, 'mean_word_length': 5.213872832369942, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Fault current control methods for multi‐terminal DC systems based on fault blocking converters

Within the framework of modernisation of the European electricity grid, multi-terminal high-voltage direct current (HVDC) offshore grids shall be integrated into future transmission systems. An essential aspect of multi-terminal HVDC systems is fast and selective DC-side fault handling and the separation of faulty lines. This study investigates the applicability of different control methods relying on full-bridge-based converters in combination with high-speed switches for a fast and selective separation of faulty line segments in a multi-terminal HVDC cable system in a symmetrical monopole configuration. It is shown that the proposed line current control method can significantly reduce the separation time of a faulty line compared with standard fault control methods. The analysis is based on simulations in PSCAD|EMTDC
 ™
 with a converter model based on the CIGRE WG B4.57, which is enhanced for the use of full-bridge converters with fault current control schemes.