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Some Consequences of Fisher's Sex Ratio Principle for Social Hymenoptera that Reproduce by Colony Fission

If Trivers and Hare's analysis of intracolony conflicts is applied to the social hymenoptera that reproduce by colony fission, then a possible conflict could arise among the workers over who shall stay with the parental queen and who shall go with the daughter queen. Trivers and Hare analyzed intracolony conflicts primarily from the kin selectionist point of view. Here the evolution of the fission mode of reproduction is analyzed from both the kin selectionist and parental manipulationist point of view. On the basis of a simple population model which is applicable to many fission reproducing insects, it was determined that, for the evolution of fission reproduction via kin selection, necessary conditions imply certain constraints on the demographic parameters. In principle these constraints are measurable. Hence, they suggest an experimental means for distinguishing between the kin selectionist and parental manipulationist explanations for the evolution of fission reproduction among social hymenoptera.