{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03972602739726028, 'fraction_numerical': 0.02945205479452055, 'mean_word_length': 5.324675324675325, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Prediabetes increases risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease

A2016 meta-analysis of 53 prospective cohort studies (1.6 million patients .18 years old) compared prediabetic versus normoglyemic patients’ risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Study follow-up durations ranged from 2 to 20 years with a median duration of 9.5 years. Prediabetes was defined using at least one of the five most commonly used definitions: impaired fasting glucose (IFG) according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA; fasting glucose, 101–124mgL/dL), the World Health Organization (WHO) expert group (IFG-WHO; fasting glucose, 110–124 mgL/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (2 hour plasma glucose concentration 140–198 mgL/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test), or raised hemoglobin A1c of 5.7% to 6.4% according to ADA criteria or 6.0% to 6.4% according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline. An increased risk was found in the composite CVD outcome (combination of coronary heart disease, stroke, or other type of CVD together) in patients with prediabetes compared with normoglycemic patients among all prediabetic definitions and an increase in all-cause mortality in three of the five definitions (see TABLE). Secondary outcomes showed an increased risks of coronary heart disease in patients with prediabetes among all prediabetic definitions and increased risk of stroke in three of five definitions (see TABLE).