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Relationship of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption to Incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Prospective Cohort Study of Black Women

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects black women more frequently than other racial/gender groups. In past studies, largely consisting of white and Asian cohorts, cigarette smoking was associated with increased SLE risk, and moderate alcohol consumption was associated with decreased SLE risk. The aim of this study was to assess associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with the risk of incident SLE among black women, using data from a long‐term, prospective, follow‐up study.