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Visual concerns in Down syndrome

Ocular and orbital abnormalities have been reported with various occurrence in persons with Down syndrome. A review of international experiences is presented together with our experience from 86 children (50% male, 50% female) with Down syndrome in several institutions for the mentally retarded (age range 5-18 years, mean 12.5). These children were examined for visual impairment in order to relate the ocular impairment to the level of mental retardation. Six percent had mild, 7% moderate, 45% severe and 42% profound mental retardation. Nine percent of the children did not have refractive errors. A significant (PO.Ol) correlation was found between progressive amounts of strabismus and ocular pathology with increasing amount of mental retardation. On the other hand, no correlation was found between refractive errors and the level of mental retardation. Due to the significant number of ocular disorders, it is recommended that all children with Down syndrome should have an eye examination during the first six months of life and annually thereafter.