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Therapeutic relationship in speech-language pathology: a scoping review protocol.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of empirical research regarding the therapeutic relationship between speech-language pathologists and their clients of all ages and clinical areas.


INTRODUCTION
The influence of a positive relationship between professionals and clients on the process and outcome of interventions is well documented for many health professions. However, research in speech-language pathology predominantly focuses on the outcome of specific treatment methods and techniques. The number of empirical research studies on the therapeutic relationship within this research area is increasing. At present, existing research has not been summarized and compared.


INCLUSION CRITERIA
The review will include all empirical research that addresses the therapeutic relationship between speech-language pathologists and their clients of all ages and clinical areas. Since speech-language pathologists often collaborate intensively with caregivers of their clients, such as parents or partners, these groups will also be included.


METHODS
Systematic searches will be conducted across seven research databases (ASHAWire, CINAHL, ERIC, Fachportal Pädagogik, LIVIVO, MEDLINE (PubMed), and PsycINFO) and four unpublished/gray literature databases (evidenssst, ndldt, OpenGrey, and SSOAR). Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers for author(s), year of publication, country of origin, research questions, participants, terminology and theoretical foundations, research design, and focus. Central findings concerning the therapeutic relationship on the input-, process-, outcome, and output-level of speech-language interventions will be analyzed. Results will be presented as a narrative summary.