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Use of Monoclonal Antibodies in the Study of the Conformation and Conformational Alterations in Proteins

The conformational flexibility of many of the native proteins facilitates their attainment of new reversible three-dimensional structures under well-specified conditions. Such structures appear to be of great importance in biological processes involving biologically active proteins, such as enzymes, receptors or protein hormones. Recently it was shown that the above conformational alterations can be followed not only by physicochemical methods but also immunochemically by the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs are specific proteins, each capable of recognizing a corresponding well-characterized region (epitope) on the surface of a protein antigen. They are thus useful as tools in the study of the structure and properties of protein surfaces. Of particular interest is the fact that it is possible to prepare mAbs with predetermined specificities towards the different epitopes of a given protein. Such mAbs can thus be used to detect conformational alterations occurring at the different segments of a p...