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Part III Procedure on State Measures (Article 106(3) TFEU), 20 Directives Under Article 106(3)

This chapter explores the directives under Article 106(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). In order to fulfil the task of guardian that Article 106(3) TFEU entrusts to the European Commission, this institution has the power to address, ‘where necessary’, not only decisions but also directives to Member States. The two possible functions of directives under Article 106(3) TFEU are the creation of additional but accessory obligations, and the ‘specifying’ of the obligations under the Treaty. The former function means that directives under Article 106(3) may impose upon Member States certain additional obligations to the extent that these are intended to facilitate the Commission's task of ensuring Article 106(1) is respected. The other possible function of the Article 106(3) directives is that of specifying the obligations under the Treaty. These two dimensions mean that the Commission enjoys a certain degree of rule-making power, although this is subject to strict limits. The aim of the two recognized functions of the directives under Article 106(3) is to prevent future infringements.