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An observation on the ethnic uniqueness of the debrisoquine and sparteine antimodes: a study in the Ngawbé Guaymí Amerindians of Panamá.

Recently it has been suggested that ethnic specificities might characterize the antimodes of isoniazid acetylation in two Amerindian tribes (Inaba & Arias, 1987), and the debrisoquine oxidation in Nigerians and Ghanaians (Iyun et al., 1986). We, therefore, wish to report preliminary estimates of debrisoquine and sparteine antimodes ofNgawbe Guaymi Amerindians ofPanama and the frequency of poor metabolizers for both drugs. Sparteine sulphate 50 mg and debrisoquine hemi-sulphate 10 mg were coadministered to the same 84 Ngawbe Guaymi subjects (68 males, 16 females; ages 12 to 53 years). All the details of the sparteine study have recently been published elsewhere (Arias et al., 1988a). The clinical and analytical protocols employed in the debrisoquine study have also been reported (Jorge et al., 1989). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Panama. Figure 1 presents the frequency distribution histograms of the log1o metabolic ratios of debrisoquine and sparteine in the same 84 Ngawbe Guaymi subjects. The data show that the region of location of the antimodes of debrisoquine and sparteine can be placed between 0.65-0.85 units of the logarithm of the metabolic ratios: the midpoint class interval of the region of lowest distribution density, i.e. equidistant from the internal, adjacent limits of the two modes. This range-value contrasts with the ones proposed for Caucasians: 1.08 (DB); 1.3 (SP). These antimodes of the Ngawbe Guaymf result in 5.9% (5/84) poor metabolizers for debrisoquine and sparteine. The same subjects were poor metabolizers for both drugs. In contrast, no poor metabolizers have been found in the Cuna Indians, the only other Amerindian group which has been studied. In this group, 210 subjects were studied with sparteine, and 89 with debrisoquine (Arias et al., 1988b; Jorge et al., 1989). The antimodes for both drugs in the Ngawbe I _