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Crying Behaviour and its Impact on Psychosocial Child Development

Introduction All infants cry and all cry for a reason. Indeed, the attributions applied to early infant crying range from pain to anger to boredom. In the first months of life, crying is particularly salient as infants have relatively few effective methods of communicating their needs and states. Developmentally, crying in early infancy is distinguished by its temporal qualities. Several studies have demonstrated that infants typically show an increase in their crying across the first three months, with a peak at around six to eight weeks of age. Importantly, crying decreases significantly around three to four months of age, coinciding with important developmental changes in affect, non-negative vocalizations and motor behaviour. As crying is considered a normal communicative signal, developmental outcomes for children who cry within the normal range are not of concern. However, some infants exceed the typical pattern of crying, such as those who cry long, hard and inconsolably during the first three months or those who fuss frequently beyond three to four months of age. It is these infants who are often believed to be “at risk” for developmental problems.