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Incipient Fault Location in Underground Distribution Networks Using Electromagnetic Time Reversal

The electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) theory has been used as a base for the development of a new method for fault location, whose application has been demonstrated in many previous works. Seeking a contribution to the current studies, the present work aims to evaluate its performance against incipient faults in underground distribution systems. The incipient fault simulation is performed on an actual underground distribution network in the direct-time phase using a static model for the arc voltage in ATP-EMTP. A constant fault resistance is used in the reversed-time phase for the range of guessed fault locations. The influence of the fault resistance value in the reversed-time phase is analysed and the results show that the EMTR can be applied for the accurate location of incipient faults on the main feeder of the system for some values of the constant fault resistance. However, some weakness is observed for incipient faults on a branch, which may be related to the modelling followed. These results might be interpreted as preliminary ones to future works with better approaches.