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Burkitt lymphoma in Iraqi children: A distinctive form of sporadic disease with high incidence of EBV+ cases and more frequent expression of MUM1/IRF4 protein in cases with head and neck presentation

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐related lymphoproliferative disorders are relatively common in Iraqi children. Burkitt lymphoma (BL) accounted for 40% of lymphoma cases. The mean age of 125 BL cases was 5.9 ± 3.1 years, and the male‐to‐female ratio was 3.6:1. Clinical presentation was abdominal in 66% and head and neck in 34%. Bone marrow involvement was higher (P < 0.001) in children with head and neck disease. Tumor cells had MYC translocation (96%) and were CD20+/CD10+/MYC+/BCL2−. MUM1/IRF4 staining was expressed by a fraction of tumor cells in 19 of 125 cases (15%) and was more frequent (P < 0.007) in head and neck disease (12/42; 29%). EBV‐encoded RNA was positive in 100 of 125 (80%) BL cases.