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Electron Cyclotron Resonance-Sputtered Nanocarbon Film Electrode Compared with Diamond-Like Carbon and Glassy Carbon Electrodes as Regards Electrochemical Properties and Biomolecule Adsorption

The electrochemical properties and biocompatible characteristics at an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR)-sputtered nanocarbon film electrode, a diamond-like carbon (DLC) electrode and a glassy carbon (GC) electrode have been studied. The three carbon electrodes show significant current reductions with increased peak separations as a result of protein fouling before oxygen plasma treatment, but the current reductions of the ECR-sputtered nanocarbon and DLC film electrodes are smaller than that of the GC electrode due to their superior surface flatness. The oxygen plasma pretreated ECR-sputtered nanocarbon film electrode exhibits a significant improvement in anti-fouling performance with an improved electron transfer. This is because the pretreated ECR-sputtered nanocarbon film enabled the surface to introduce surface oxygen functionalities that not only improve the interaction between the analytes and the electrode surface but also make the film surface more hydrophilic, which is important for the suppression of biomolecule adsorption. At the same time, the pretreated ECR-sputtered nanocarbon film also retained an ultraflat surface even after pretreatment as a result of the low background current. This excellent performance can only be achieved with our ECR-sputtered nanocarbon film, indicating that our film is promising for application to electrochemical detectors for various biomolecular analytes.