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Nicotine vaccines for smoking cessation.

NURSING IMPLICATIONS Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the world and is estimated to cause nearly 6 million deaths worldwide each year. As nurses commonly provide care for patients with tobacco-related disease, knowledge of current research aimed at smoking cessation would be helpful in advising patients. The primary chemical responsible for addiction to tobacco is nicotine. Nicotine stimulates the release of dopamine in the brain, causing the subsequent sense of reward that leads to smoking addiction. Nicotine vaccines may be useful in smoking cessation and prevention of smoking relapse by stimulating the production of antinicotine antibodies (Abs) that would bind to circulating nicotine, rendering it too large to cross the blood-brain barrier and unable to stimulate dopamine release. A systematic review was therefore warranted to determine if nicotine vaccines might play a role in smoking cessation.