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Inpatient narcotic infusions for patients with cancer pain.

Morphine and hydromorphone infusions of 6 or more (average 25.75) days in duration were used with increasing frequency (up to 7%) by our oncology inpatients. Eighty-six percent of the 135 inpatients we reviewed realized good pain control with dose rates up to 700 morphine-equivalent (ME) mg/h. Local toxicity occurred on only 10 occasions. Systemic side effects secondary to the infusion were reported 75 times and were generally readily reversed. Myoclonus was seen in 11% of our patients at dose rates as low as 60-90 ME mg/h. Adjuvant therapies were not used as frequently as might be warranted. We believe that narcotic infusions, particularly subcutaneous ones, are safe and effective. Further prospective trials are needed to clarify how they should be combined with other therapies to control cancer pain that is poorly responsive to narcotics, and to better understand the etiology and management of serious side effects.