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The Instantiation and Use of Conceptual Simulations : Movies in the Mind to Connect Theory and Data in Scientific Visualization

We investigate the relationship among internal and external visualizations and domain knowledge in expert scientists. We observed scientists as they analyzed their own data using computer-based visualization tools. All the scientists used sequences of dynamic mental images (conceptual simulations) in their investigations. They used conceptual simulations primarily to evaluate hypotheses about the appearance of the data. They measured the result of the simulation against the empirical data in a process of alignment that allowed them to estimate the fit between the hypothesized and the actual results. A model of this process is discussed.