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Bond Graphs for Production Control: a Systematic Literature Review

Cyber-physical systems rely on feedback control systems. The same idea of feedback loops can be applied to define production control strategies. The bond graph approach is widely used to model dynamic systems in various physical domains. By means of a systematic literature review, this paper aims to identify and analyze the existing bond graph models for shop floor representation and production control. As a result, five different models are discussed, as well as the different interpretations of the bond graph ideal elements and of the generalized variables in the models. The review showed the existence of models based on pseudo graphs, which are only conceptual, and of models that preserve the formalism of the bond graph approach, allowing the development of the state equations and the simulation of the systems. This second class of models was already applied to real systems and seems to be suitable for studying the dynamics of the shop floor.