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Long-term follow-up for the development of subsequent malignancies in patients treated with genetically modified IECs

Steffin and colleagues report on the development of secondary malignancies in 340 patients treated with genetically modified immune effector cells (IECs) from 27 different clinical trials over more than 1000 patient-years of follow-up. Secondary malignancy was seen in 16 patients (3.6%), comparable to what is seen with standard chemotherapy alone. Reassuringly, in 11 available biopsies, none carried the transgene, suggesting that IECs modified with gammaretroviral vectors do not increase the risk of secondary malignancy.