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Vapor Bubble Transport in Bead-Packed Porous Structures

In this investigation, a series of visual experiments was conducted to observe the flow patterns of liquid–vapor two-phase flow in three-dimensional porous structures made of staggered glass beads at pore scale. The emphasis was on the observation and description of dispersed-phase flow pattern. Two kinds of bubbly flows, namely, small bubble and large bubble flow, were observed and discussed. A dynamic model was proposed to investigate the behavior of small bubble transport in the porous structure. The behavior of big bubbles during their crossing over the porous structure was also investigated accounting for the surface energy variation. The interaction between the liquid and vapor phase and the corresponding resistance that the vapor exerts on the liquid phase were theoretically analyzed. Meanwhile, a volume of fluid (VOF) model was employed to simulate the bubble transport in pore structures. The focus was on exploring the fundamental characteristics of their motion, particularly the dynamical behavior of bubbles induced by bead surface properties while passing through the pore structure.