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Potential biomarker for early risk assessment of prostate cancer

Catechol estrogen quinones (CEQ) derived from 4‐hydroxyestrone (4‐OHE1) and 4‐hydroxyestradiol (4‐OHE2) react with DNA to form depurinating—N7Gua and—N3Ade adducts. This damage leads to mutations that can initiate breast and prostate cancer. To determine whether this damage occurs in humans, urine samples from men with prostate cancer and benign urological conditions, and healthy controls were analyzed. The objective was determining whether any of the cancer patients had formed the depurinating 4‐OHE1(E2)‐1‐N3Ade adducts.