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PowerPoint and Labor in the Mediated Classroom

Over the past decade, presentation slideware, such as Microsoft’s PowerPoint and Apple’s Keynote, has become a ubiquitous feature of academic life. University students have come to expect lectures aided by slide shows available online to consult after class. Conference presentations and other scholarly addresses in many fields typically are accompanied by bullet points, summary phrases, quotations, and video or still images. In many ways, PowerPoint synthesizes the functions of earlier forms of visual aid, including chalkboards, slides, moving images (film or video), overhead projections, document cameras, and printed handouts. Slide shows are now central to the communication of knowledge within many intellectual communities, an important form of mediation in academic environments of the digital age. As part of our academic work routines, we find ourselves spending often substantial amounts of time and effort producing slides to show in the classroom and at conferences.