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Uptake and bioavailability of dietary polyamines.

Polyamines are ubiquitous molecules that occur in every living cell. They fulfil an array of roles in cellular metabolism [ 1,2] and are involved in many steps of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis, and are therefore essential for growth and cell proliferation. However, the most important function of polyamines is as mediators of the action of hormones and growth factors. It was thought that polyamines were synthesised in situ in the cells when required. However, as more and more information becomes available, the importance of polyamines from extracellular sources, particularly the diet or bacteria resident in the gastrointestinal tract, is increasingly recognised [3-51. On this basis, three different sources of polyamines for growth have been identified: a. in situ biosynthesis; b. daily dietary intake and c. contribution by colonic bacteria.