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Home-based Telework and the Role of Gender - Results of a Study in Austria

Telework describes a work arrangement in which employees work outside the company premises, but remain in touch with employers and co-workers by using modern ICT. The variety of different opinions on this subject makes it an interesting topic to investigate. Work from home originated in the US in the 1970s. Three decades (Home, Mobile and Virtual Office) and so-called modern ICTs (smartphones, tablets) enable employees to work from anywhere at any time. The aim of this paper is to identify the factors that affect teleworkers’ attitudes while keeping a focus on gender differences. A literature review of previous research was conducted. Sixteen studies show significant results, which suggest that males have more favourable attitudes toward teleworking than females. In reference to our survey results, 41% of Austrian employees worked remotely. The data show that the gender and age stereotypes of Generations X and Y and baby boomers have no effect. Three of four flex workers are men (three-quarters), and women are more likely to work in open space offices or cubicles. Telework is therefore a male-dominated working method. Further, the results indicate that 53% are independent teleworkers, while 3% work in telecentres or telecottages.