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Geomyid evolution: the historical, selective, and random basis for divergence patterns within and among species.

Patterns of variation in life history, ecological distribution, genetic and morphological differentiation, and speciation of pocket gophers, family Geomyidae, have been examined in the context of the genetic demography of local populations. Emphasis has been placed on the structure of local breeding populations, dispersal potential leading to effective gene flow, and the influence of patchy distributions due to the availability of suitable soils. The focus of this paper is on those factors contributing to differentiation among geographic segments of species, or among different species--that is, to those processes responsible for converting phenotypically expressed variation within populations to that differentiating among them.