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Structure and foaming properties of viscous exopolysaccharides from a wild grape-associated basidiomycetous yeast Papiliotrema flavescens formerly known as Cryptococcus flavescens.

Exopolysaccharide produced by a yeast Papiliotrema flavescens isolated from wine grape berries of Champagne vineyard, was investigated for both chemical and functional characterization. SEC-MALLS and colorimetric assay analyses showed that EPS is high MW heteropolymer (2.37×106 g/mol) majorily consisted of mannose, glucose, xylose and glucuronic acid as monosaccharide constituents, with two substituents (sulphate and phosphate groups), and a minor protein moiety. Structural enchainment of these carbohydrates based on methylation, GC-MS and NMR analyses revealed a linear main backbone built up of α-(1→3)-D-mannopyranosyl residues on which are branched side chains consisted of single β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid residue and β-(1→2)-xylopyranoses (2-5 residues). Suggestion of some xylopyranose side chains containing a mannose residue at nonreducing terminal end was also proposed. This is first report on exopolysaccharides from the grape Papiliotrema flavescens yeast with such structural characteristics. Furthermore, investigations for valuating the application performance of these EPS in relation with their structural features were carried out in 8% alcohol experiment solutions. Very exceptional viscosifying and foaming properties were reported by comparison with commercial biopolymers as Arabic, gellan and xanthan gums. The intrinsic properties of the natural biopolymer from this wild grape-associated Papiliotrema flavescens yeast make it potential candidate for use in various fields of biotechnology applications.