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The regional impacts of climate change : an assessment of vulnerability

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was
jointly established by the World Meteorological Organization
and the United Nations Environment Programme in 1988 to
assess the scientific and technical literature on climate change,
the potential impacts of changes in climate, and options for
adaption to and mitigation of climate change. Since its inception,
the IPCC has produced a series of Assessment Reports,
Special Reports, Technical Papers, methodologies and other
products which have become standard works of reference,
widely used by policymakers, scientists and other experts.
This Special Report, which has been produced by Working
Group II of the IPCC, builds on the Working Group's contribution
to the Second Assessment Report (SAR), and incorporates
more recent information made available since mid-1995.
It has been prepared in response to a request from the
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
(SBSTA) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC). It addresses an important question posed
by the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC,
namely, the degree to which human conditions and the natural
environment are vulnerable to the potential effects of climate
change. The report establishes a common base of information
regarding the potential costs and benefits of climatic change,
including the evaluation of uncertainties, to help the COP
determine what adaptation and mitigation measures might be
justified. The report consists of vulnerability assessments for
10 regions that comprise the Earth's entire land surface and
adjoining coastal seas: Africa, Arid Western Asia (including the
Middle East), Australasia, Europe, Latin America, North
America, the Polar Regions (The Arctic and the Antarctic),
Small Island States, Temperate Asia and Tropical Asia. It also
includes several annexes that provide information about climate
observations, climate projections, vegetation distribution
projections and socioeconomic trends.