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INVESTIGATION INTO STRUCTURAL FORMATION OF SOCIAL RELATIONS OF THE ELDERLY (CASE STUDY, GOLSAR VICINITY, RASHT, IRAN)

The present study aims to investigate the structural formation of the vicinity and promoting the social relations among the elderly residing there. In the present study the factors affecting the establishment of social relations among those over 60, using the questionnaire handed out, interviews and field observations, each of which was studied separately. The sample size was determined with accuracy of about 99 and error of one percent. Simple randomized sampling was employed, accessible to the elderly. The results obtained from questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS Vr 24; moreover, methodology and research Hypotheses were implemented through ANOVA table, Pearson Correlation and Regression. The validity of the research was therefore confirmed relying on Chronbach's alpha 0.87. This study also aims at identifying the factors affecting social relations, and interrelations thereof, as well as the extent of correlation of the defined indices (green space, variety of applicability, walk-ability). The results indicate that of all three indices, green space has the most contributing role in forming the social relationship among the elderly, whereas walk-ability marked the least.

F) Inherent talents: the capabilities and physically and mentally potential and visible talents [3].
The social relations and interactions are an integral component for all age ranges, the effect of which especially among the elderly are effective in increasing the life quality of this generation. There is considerable evidence that shows that society's support as a whole plays a big part in health and well-being and consequently in the quality of life; social seclusion leads to maladies [4].
Drawing attention to social dimension of health and well-being has assumed a focal point.
Cobb puts it as social that is named a cognition that leads a person to believing respect and the interest vented by others is a valuable element that goes to a network of mutual relations and commitments He emphasizes that increasing papers published in various journals about social support, the positive impacts of presence and reversely negatives of absence, are all indicative of the fact that social parameters have found an important position in the lives of the people [5].

1-2-The main effect model:
According to this model, the positive impacts of social support or lack of social seclusion results in increased life quality, and the relation between the quality of life and social support is linear [6].
Fleming and Baum, the two theoreticians of great fame, contend that those having social support will have an improved life quality and higher well-being [7]. People's excessive obsession with social networks such as networks connecting friends, families and cementing neighbor-to-neighbor bonds lay the grounds for people to have more support, and thus a healthy life [8]. According to the studies adapted from this model , those in supportive networks are less prone to depression , and have more mental well-being than those who are not in networks as such [9].

1-3-The studies conducted to improve the social relations in the vicinity:
A variety of experts in different field have tried to study different factors, in the vicinity, affecting social relations, thereby pronouncing different ideas. Differentiating public areas and urban areas, only those appropriate for social relations get higher priority therefore deemed as urban area. Public areas, having the potentials to be named, are at the very onset suitable for providing the citizens with the opportunity to establish and maintain interactions, though unsustainable and vulnerable. Following the phase where the social interactions are established through the social, economic, and cultural norms that give rise varied behavioral patterns pave the grounds for more coherent and sustainable social relations [10]. Occasional formal and informal meetings lay the foundations of developing friendships and routine relations. Meeting the needs of humans to friends and being in company of others necessitates a structural framework; in this regard public urban areas have the highest capacity. Relaxing ambience, privacy and control of the means serve a pivotal role in meeting the needs of humans to rest and relaxation [11].
Design of the neighborhood and the district, known as environmental design, plays a significant role in persuade/dissuade the neighbors to have interaction with each other. This matter has been surveyed by experts in different fields for instance; public health [12], [13], [14], city planning [15], [16], sociology [17], psychology [18], and architecture [19]. A better understanding of this role can provide appropriate condition to improve the socialization.

1-4-Physical potential influence in shaping social relations:
1-4-1-Green space: Local gardens are the places of getting familiar with each other, engaging in groups and different social strata [20]. Appropriate green places in quarters as the center place can provide a position to create a positive and informal social interaction [21]. Park is a place to pause and manifestation of residences social character, as an arena for presenting people and a local node. The atmosphere of local parks is an arena for human life among buildings, daily activities, walking, short stays, and simple community relations [22].
Plant existence, tree and nature elements in public places encourage individuals to be present there. There is a direct correlation between using public places and the time of their presence with the number of trees and their position styles. The presence of trees multiplies the use of public places; subsequently, this circumstance brings about maximizing social solidarity in such region by enhancing the use of public places and presence of people [23].

1-4-2-Walkability:
Design indexes of vicinity environment and area associate with the ability to walk around them, the number of the sidewalks and their quality. This capability will attract residences to spend a portion of their time to walking around their environment and their neighborhood [24], [25]. As a result, the possibility of having random and daily relations with neighbors will increase and close relationship will form [24]. According to identified findings of previous studies and the author opinion, these three factors were edited and considered through questionnaires in 18 questions.

2-2-Case study of Golsar region in Rasht city (Iran):
The area called Golsar today, is located in a triangular-shape region with approximately 608 hectares in north-west of Rasht. Zarjoob river forms the west edge of this triangular and Shahid Ansari Blv which is placed along the Rasht-Anzali road, forms the east edge of that.
At the moment, Golsar region has the population of about 33000 people. This quarter is reputed as a part of regular and designed place of Rasht. 3 parks in distinct sectors of this region have been built that during the day many people including senile spend their time there. Around of this region, it is seen diversity users such as residential, trading (super market, bakery, barber shop, restaurant, etc.) and office. This diversity of places resole much of daily requires of habitants. Attention to manufacturing continuum sidewalks in more spots is an obvious feature of Golsar region. Based on observations, more residences, especially elders, walk in order to get to work or do their daily works.

2-3-Research Methodology:
In the present research, 120 questionnaires randomly distributed between elderly residents of Golsar region of Rasht. 18 questions of the questionnaire were codified in the form of Likert rating with five degree (very good to very poor) by interviewing of architecture and psychology professors. To prepare questionnaire, initially, the target table of content was prepared and research questions derived based on the table and 1 to 5 score has assigned in order to representing the responses in quantities. In the current study, analysis has been done by using the SPSS24 software. According to the inherent of research questions and investigation of social relationships, the Regression Model was used to evaluate the correlation between dependent and independent variables. Furthermore, in order to analyze the data, the ANOVA test, Pearson correlation test, average statics test and standard deviation were used. The reliability factor of present study is 99 percent, in the other words; one percent error is anticipated in the results.
The Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire that initially distributed between 30 people, which has over 60 years old in the Golsar region is equal to 0.87, which demonstrates the stability (reliability) of the questionnaire (Table1).  According to the Pearson correlation table (Table5), high correlation rate is observed between the green space, walkability and usage diversity which maximum correlation rate is related to green space and its influence on the forming of social relationships . The significance level is expressed with 99% coefficient. (The zero assumption means no relation between variables and assumption 1 shows relations between variables, based on table, zero and one assumptions indicate rejection and confirmation, respectively). It should be noted that the significance of all variables are lower than 0.05, which considered zero by the software automatically.

3-1-Analysis of parameters related to green space:
Considering this point that all analyzed parameters in this chart has far more positive effect on promoting main index than meaningful level. In this graph, the impact of two parameters

3-3-Analysis of parameters related to walkability:
According to the extracted analysis from following graph, sidewalks was recognized as an effective factor in maximizing of social relationships in relating to doing walking as a daily and continuum activity (then having rest and refection on way) (Figure4). It is worth noting, according to the answers given to the question of walking with pets; this factor will have the least impact on intending of senile stratum to walk. Given risen from dominating cultural structure in society, this issue is justifiable. This matter is re-considerable for young generation, as well. The results demonstrated the fact that a structural of environment has a straightforward effect on creating and extending social relationships. This effect will able to follow and impose through the architectural principle, observation and structural designing. The range of age is a determinative factor that sometimes seeks a different principle from other stratum of society.
Meanwhile, there are the approaches of structural designing that can play a medium and moderation role in making welfare level for sections of society and a basis to producing effective social relationships to reach an active, unwearied and constituent society.