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Evaluation and clinical value of neuroendocrine differentiation in human prostatic tumors

Prostate cancer, like other solid tumors, is a rather heterogeneous entity. More than 50% of all malignant prostatic tumors contain neuroendocrine‐like cells, which cannot be attributed to small cell prostatic carcinoma or carcinoid‐like tumors, which represent only 1–2% of all prostatic malignancies. Several investigators have reported that histopathologic determination of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate carcinomas may have prognostic implications, while others have not confirmed these results. However, on the basis of experimental data, neuroendocrine‐like cells appear to be involved in the emergence of androgen‐independent cells and could be a target for new prostate cancer therapeutic strategies.