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Rapid sampling microdialysis and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry reveal that morphine and oxycodone differentially alter dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens

While practically all drugs of abuse increase dopamine (DA) transmission in the mesolimbic pathway [1, 2], various pharmacological classes of drugs affect DA transmission via different mechanisms [3]. Traditionally, microdialysis has been used to measure changes in neurotransmission following drug administration. While these studies have laid the groundwork for our understanding of the pharmacology of drugs of abuse, the precise nature of in vivo DA transmission resulting from drug administration and how this differs across drugs is an ongoing area of investigation. Since traditional microdialysis measures analytes in dialysate extracted from the brain, and a certain volume of dialysate is required for analysis, the technique has generally been limited to sampling changes in DA concentration [DA] every 10-20 min [4]. Techniques with improved temporal resolution facilitate better understanding of the precise nature of DA transmission.