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A research on the moderate transference of China's agricultural labor.


 Examining the economic impact of large transfers of agricultural laborers to other occupations in China, this article argues in favor of moderate transference and provides specific measures for accomplishing that level of relocation. In 1979, China adopted a rural economic reform which prompted a total of 54.6 million farmers to transfer to other occupations over the next decade. Despite the transfers, the authors calculate that there remains an agricultural labor surplus of 70 million. While some maintain that accelerated transference of agricultural labor is necessary to achieve economic growth, the article points out not only the obstacles to accelerated transference but also its detrimental economic impact. 3 main factors hinder accelerated transference: the limited capacity of urban areas to absorb new labor, the limited amount of funds for investments needed to make the transfer possible, and the limited amount of energy and raw materials. Given China's current situation, accelerate transfers would only worsen the overcrowding of cities, aggravate the shortages of energy and raw materials, and retard economic progress by increasing inflation. The authors explain that China's particular situation calls for a policy of moderate transference, one that takes into account land output value, the capacity of nonagricultural sectors to absorb new labor, and the capacity of urban areas to absorb people. The authors propose the following 4 general measures that such a policy should include: 1) promoting technological development in rural areas, 2) adjusting and expanding the various structures in township enterprises, 3) favoring central townships, and 4) improving rural education. Within each of these general measures, the authors offer more specific recommendations.
