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Wearable Sensors for Frequency-Multiplexed EIT and Multilead ECG Data Acquisition

This paper presents a wearable sensor architecture for frequency-multiplexed electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and synchronous multilead electrocardiogram (ECG) data acquisition. The system is based on a novel electronic sensing architecture, called cooperative sensors, that significantly reduces the cabling complexity and enables flexible EIT stimulation and measurement patterns. The cooperative-sensor architecture was initially designed for ECG and has been extended for multichannel bioimpedance measurement. This approach allows for an adjustable EIT stimulation pattern via frequency-division multiplexing. This paper also shows a calibration procedure as well as EIT system noise performance assessment. Preliminary measurements on a healthy volunteer showed the ability of the wearable system to measure EIT data synchronously with multilead ECG. Ventilation-related and heartbeat-related EIT images were reconstructed, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed architecture for noninvasive cardiovascular monitoring.