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The impact of European diseases in the sixteenth-century southeast: a case study.

Researchers exploring the initial impact of European diseases on native Americans need to secure bioarchaeological data because of the unreliability of sixteenth-century eth nographies and censuses. Detecting epidemics in bioarchaeological data is deceptively difficult because even catastrophic events are often obscured in archaeological records spanning decades. The King site, a sixteenth-century native American village in Geor gia, provides an ideal laboratory. Visited by the Spanish and of short duration, the site yielded a large burial population. Drawing upon paleodemographic data, nonspecific stress indicators, settlement plans, skeletal lesions, and mortuary practices, we were unable to find evidence that European diseases decimated King's ranks. We agree with Milner (1980) that rather than visualizing European diseases as pandemics sweeping across a region, they should be viewed as torrents following corridors of least resistance, occasionally dying out in cul-de-sacs. This implies that the full impact of European diseases in the Southeast may not have been felt until the seventeenth century.