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Assignment of the human macrophage mannose receptor gene (MRC1) to 10p13 by in situ hybridization and PCR-based somatic cell hybrid mapping.

Tissue macrophages form a latticework beneath epithelial surfaces and play a pivotal role in first line host defense. The macrophage mannose receptor is highly expressed on these terminally differentiated cells, but is not expressed on circulating monocytes. Although originally defined as an endocytic receptor, the predominant physiological role for this 170-kDa transmembrane protein appears to be phagocytosis of microorganisms, such as Candida albicans and Pneumocystis carinii. The characterization of cDNAs that encode the human and mouse mannose receptors reveals that the ectodomain contains a cysteine-rich NH{sub 2} domain that appears to resemble the b subunit of ricin D. This domain is followed by a fibronectin type 2 domain. A tandem array of eight carbohydrate recognition domains bear approximately 30% homology to one another. A short hydrophobic region is followed by a 45-amino-acid cytoplasmic tail. Comparison of the human and mouse encoded proteins reveals an average homology of 80%. Of interest is the fact that the murine and human genes both span about 70 kb that contains 30 exons interrupted by 29 introns. The position of the introns and the size of the exons are identical in the mouse and human genes. 15 refs., 2 figs.