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Elastic properties of the human chest during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Sternal displacement during CPR was measured in 11 adults and 2 manikins (Recording Resusci Anne) while the chest was compressed with variable maximum pulse compression force at a rate of 60/min with compression duration of 0.5–0.6 sec. In 10 patients, the pulsatile sternal elastic characteristic can be satisfactorily described with a 2nd degree polynomial F = βDs + γ D2s, where β = 54.9 ± 29.4 (mean ± SD) N/cm is the pulsatile initial elasticity and γ = 10.8 ± 4.1 N/cm2 is the posterior resiliency. The sternal characteristics of manikins were linear F = kDs with high elasticity constants, k = 131 and 142 N/cm. Therefore, the manikins tested differ significantly in elasticity characteristics from the human chest during resuscitation. In general, the manikin: (1) has markedly greater stiffness at the onset of compression, and (2) maintains a linear stiffness throughout the usual range of displacement, rather than becoming stiffer with greater chest displacement.