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Atmospheric pollution and cardiovascular risk

The air that we breathe remains a growing problem, with environmental air pollution generated by traffic, industry, and households continuing to be a serious public health issue. Increasing industrialization and the rapid expansion of urban environments across society mean that, for many, exposure to pollutants is unavoidable. Recent estimates suggest that air pollution is responsible for between 3 and 7 million deaths worldwide per year accompanied by high levels of morbidity (3.1% of global disability-adjusted life years) and associated economic risks (£16 billion per year in the United Kingdom alone). A recent report placed both indoor and outdoor air pollution within the top ten risk factors for all-cause disease, greater than that caused by risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle or high cholesterol. Importantly, the majority of deaths are caused by cardiovascular-related disease. This chapter provides an overview of how air pollution can have multiple detrimental effects on cardiovascular health.