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Brief Definitive Report IDENTITY OF Leu-19 (CD56) LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGEN AND NEURAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULE

Cell surface receptors that are involved in cellular adhesion have been identified on several cell types in hematopoietic, muscle, and neural tissues (1, 2). This group of molecules includes fibronectin receptors, vitronectin receptors, platelet adhesion molecules, the leukocyte-associated CDII/CD18 andVLA glycoprotein complexes, and the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) glycoprotein (1, 2). These struc-tures have been implicated in embryonic development, cell migration, and cellular adhesion, and often are highly conserved during evolution. The N-CAM antigen initially was identified in chicken neural tissue (1, 2). Chicken N-CAM is encoded by a single gene; however, numerous isoforms can be generated by differential RNA splicing and post-translational modifications, including the addition ofN-linked carbohydrates and polysialic acid (2). Homologous N-CAM glycoproteins have been identified in humanneural tissues (3). Recently, N-CAMcDNA isolated from human muscle tissue have been cloned and sequenced (4). Several isoforms of N-CAMexist, including modifications that permit attachment to the cell membrane by either a transmembrane polypeptide or phosphatidylinositol glycan (5). The CD56 differentiation antigen, recognized by mAb anti-Leu-19 and NKH-1, is a x+175-185-kD glycoprotein that is expressed on essentially all human NK cells andon a subset ofT and IL-2-activated that mediate MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity (6, However, expression is not restricted to cytotoxic cells, this antigen certain CD4+ Th some neuroblastoma cell lines are similar struc-tures. These findings suggest that the Leu-19 antigen on leukocytes may be involved in cell adhesion, analogous to the function of N-CAM on neural cells.