{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02292576419213974, 'fraction_numerical': 0.009279475982532752, 'mean_word_length': 5.386759581881533, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Training health care providers in the treatment of tobacco use and dependence: pre- and post-training results.

RATIONALE
Health care providers have an extended reach into the population of tobacco users. Increasing the number and variety of health care providers that deliver the evidence-based, brief interventions for tobacco use prescribed by the Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline is likely to result in more tobacco users exposed to evidence-based treatments and more successful quit attempts. Effective training is key to increasing provider performance and proficiency in this regard.


METHOD
A 1-hour didactic training was delivered to 1286 health care providers (185 physicians, 359 nurses, 75 dental providers and 667 other health-related professions). Pre- and post-training tests assessed provider attitudes, knowledge and behaviours. Paired samples t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-test results. Analysis of variance was used to test for significant differences among professional groups.


RESULTS
Prior to training, physicians engaged in more interventions and reported more knowledge and more positive attitudes towards treating tobacco use than the other professions. Post-training, differences among physicians, nurses and dental providers were minimal. All professions reported significantly more knowledge and more positive attitudes on nearly all measures.


CONCLUSIONS
A large potential benefit can be garnered from a brief, targeted, 1-hour training in the brief, evidence-based interventions for treating tobacco use and dependence. Increases in perceived knowledge and positive attitudes towards treatment among the professional groups suggest that trainees will perform interventions at higher frequency post-training. Overall gains were highest for dental providers and nurses.