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CSB investigation of the explosions and fire at the BP texas city refinery on March 23, 2005

At approximately 1:20 p.m. on Wednesday, March 23, 2005 a series of explosions and fire occurred at the BP Texas City oil refinery during the start‐up of an isomerization (ISOM) process unit. Fifteen workers were killed and about 170 other people were injured. Many of those killed were working in or around office trailers located near a blowdown drum and stack open to the atmosphere. The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) found that because of problems that began during the ISOM process unit start‐up, a sudden, geyser‐like release of flammable hydrocarbon liquid and vapor discharged from the atmospheric vent stack. This release created a flammable vapor cloud, which ignited, causing as many as five explosions and fire in and around the ISOM unit. CSB identified multiple possible ignition sources in and around the blowdown drum area, including idling vehicles; however, the exact ignition source remains unknown.