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Women ovulate, men spermate: Elizabeth Blackwell as a feminist physiologist.

Although she is best known for her accomplishments in opening the field of medicine to women,1 Elizabeth Blackwell was also an accomplished social theorist whose ideas about human nature (especially physiology and sexuality) occupy a unique space in the discourses on gender and sexuality in the late nineteenth century Allied to both the woman suffrage and social purity movements,2 Blackwell developed and promoted a clearly thought-out, distinctly feminist construction of human