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Activation of prodynorphin neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus inhibits food intake and promotes positive valence

The regulation of food intake is one of the major research areas in the study of metabolic syndromes such as obesity. Gene targeting studies have clarified the roles of hypothalamic neurons in feeding behaviour. However, our understanding of neural function under physiological conditions is still limited. Immediate early genes, such as activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1), are useful markers of neuronal activity. Here, we investigated the role of Arc/Arg3.1 gene-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus after refeeding using the targeted recombination in active populations method. We identified refeeding-responsive prodynorphin/cholecystokinin neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus that project to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Chemogenetic activation of these neurons decreased food intake and promoted positive valence. Our findings provide insight into the role of newly identified hedonic neurons in the process of feeding-induced satiety.