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Snow mechanics applied to avalanche risk mitigation

ABSTRACT The snow avalanche risk is usually mitigated by means of specific structures set up in triggering zones. These structures are designed in order to prevent avalanches from occurring. Thus, a description of the mechanisms governing the interaction between the snow mantel and the structure is required. For this purpose, the complexity of the snow material, made up of an assembly of contacting ice grains, should be accounted for. This paper aims at presenting a multiscale approach, leading to the implementation of a micro-mechanical model of snow within a Lagrangian-discrete numerical code describing the behavior of the structure. Both intra- and inter-granular deformation mechanisms in the snow material are considered. Then, after a discussion on the different scales of interest, and on how they are connected, the results of numerical simulations are finally commented in order to emphasize the capability of the numerical tool developed for engineering purposes.