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Ecobiological and Soil Features of the Biogeocenosis of Azerbaijan

The article provides information about the uniqueness of the soil gene pool of Azerbaijan. A unique demonstration material on separate sections – soil science, agrochemistry, ecology, biology – has been collected in the Soil Museum, which illuminates the general historical annals of the developmen t of soil science. The expediency of creating regional soil museums is indicated. The article provides a list of 12 types of medicinal mosses identified in the bryoflora of Azerbaijan. A summary of the medicinal properties, location, and distribution is provided for each species. The authors establish that in the local bryoflora leaf-mosses of the following genera are the most represented: Sphagnum, Amblystegium, Bryum, Philonotis, Mnium, Polytrichum. The extracts obtained from mosses have been tested on five types of fungi such as: Fuzarium avenaceum, Fuzarium culmarum, Fuzarium oxysporium, Alternaria alternate, and Alternaria brassical. Soils, when used rationally in agriculture, “cultivate” and acquire new qualitative properties. Therefore, the development of soil protection measures in Azerbaijan is one of the important tasks facing the soil science of the republic. Detailed soil maps and cartograms of chemical, physical and agronomic properties of soils are the main scientific document in agricultural production. The comprehensive conservation and improvement of soils should be considered as an inextricable part of the zonal, regional, local farming systems and plans for the use of natural resources. Therefore, the protection of soils, their improvement and increasing their fertility is not only an important scientific task, but also the task of national knowledge. In this regard, the creation of Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Soil Museum will precisely follow this goal. The museum has collected unique soil materials, some of which are rare, with limited distribution areas of endemic and reference types. The museum has created departments of outstanding soil scientists. Among them, academician G.A. Aliev, who has done a lot to protect the ecosystems of Azerbaijan, occupies a special place. The creation of the Red Book, the main mission of which is the protection of species diversity and the unique soil gene pool of Azerbaijan, also acquires great importance.