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Nano-antennas excitation with visible light and their response as observed with a confocal microscope

A century has gone by since antennas were used for the first time to control emission and reception of many types of electromagnetic radiation. The reescalation of antennas to smaller sizes and the need of on a chip devices motivated the manufacture of the so called nano-antennas that can focus farther than the diffraction limit. It is well known that metallic particles sustain resonance plasmonic modes in visible wavelengths, making them natural optic antennas. As happened with the conventional radiative antennas, nowadays it is important to characterize the radiation pattern emitted by these nano-antennas. In this research, we pretend to characterize at least qualitatively the dynamic behavior of super paramagnetic nanoparticles by exposing them to an electromagnetic field generated by excited nano-antennas of the bowtie type. We use a confocal microscope since it is a technique that increases the contrast of an image by using a pinhole that obstructs the light that is out of the focal plane. This results in a system that not only discriminates field of view over the focal plane, but it also permits depth selection inside of the specimen under observation.