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Powering The Electrical Century

One fact of late twentieth-century life that we sometimes take for granted is the ready and dependable availability of electric power for all of our engineering endeavors as well as for our modern creature comforts. While power engineering is no longer the largest branch of electrical engineering as it was at the turn of the century, it is nonetheless the invisible underpinning for nearly all other engineering achievements. It is obvious that every application of electrical engineering development, from communications to computers, depends on some type of power supply to function. Indeed, electric power also seems to be at the core of modern society itself. Seemingly every category of industry, financial service, government activity, transportation, and entertainment depends in some way on electricity. Electrical energy provides the raw energy for machines, from tiny wristwatches to electrically powered commuter railroads; it carries the information transmitted in devices from telephones to televisions to satellites; it powers the data flow in digital equipment; it monitors and controls the illumination, temperature, and sound of our interior working and living environments. We may not view the subject of electric power as a dynamic one today, but it is nevertheless being transformed by other state-of-the-art technologies and more sophisticated computer-controlled and networked power distribution systems; indeed, consumers, partly as a result of these innovations, are now being offered choices regarding remote utilities from which they can purchase their own kilowatts. But how did we get here?