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Phase noise theory for CMOS oscillators

The term "phase noise" appeared in the world in the 1950s [1-4]. During more than 60 years after the appearance, there have been tremendous number of publications related to phase noise. For example, in December 2019, Google scholar gives more than 4.5 million results in search for "phase noise"! This number may help the readers understand how important the phase noise is. In proportional to the importance, some legendary papers which provide gorgeous theory, analysis, and insight on the phase noise are ranked in the most highly cited papers in the field of circuit design. In this chapter, we will study a few selected ones from those theories to understand and to analyze the phase noise of CMOS clocking circuit.