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Phenolic glycosides from the roots of Ficus hirta Vahl. and their anti-neuroinflammatory activities.

Ficus hirta Vahl. (Wuzhimaotao) is an edible functional food used for the soup cooking and health products. Seven undescribed phenolic glycosides (1-7), along with twenty analogues, were isolated from the roots of Ficus hirta. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, HRESIMS, and NMR), while the absolute configuration of 1 was established by comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD data. The anti-neuroinflammatory effects of all the compounds were examined by Western blot. Compounds 1 and 11 attenuated the phosphorylation of AKT, JNK and ERK1/2. Besides, compound 11 inhibited the NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Our results indicated that compounds 1 and 11 decreased the occurrence of neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia cells, which may be regulated by inhibiting the activity of proteins in NF-κB, MAPKs (JNK and ERK1/2), or AKT signaling pathways. Thus, 1 and 11 might exhibit anti-neuroinflammatory activities and show promise in treating neurodegenerative diseases.