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CHAPTER 1. Introduction to Coffee Plant and Genetics

The coffee beverage that we know and appreciate results from roasted seeds from trees belonging to the botanical family Rubiaceae, genus Coffea. Although over 100 species within the genus Coffea have been catalogued, only two are actually of great importance in the world market, C. arabica L. and C. canephora Pierre. Even though the great complexity in the taxonomic classification of coffee makes it difficult to unveil the paths followed by the Coffea genus on its way from Africa to being cultivated worldwide, the present chapter briefly introduces this journey. Since knowledge of the coffee plant and its characteristics is fundamental for understanding coffee growing and related agronomic aspects, this will also be discussed.