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23rd Annual Scientific Session Academy of Surgical Research Clearwater, FL, September 27–29, 2007 Poster/Oral Abstracts

23rd Annual Scientific Session Academy of Surgical Research Clearwater, FL, September 27–29, 2007 Poster/Oral Abstracts Academy of Surgical Research Fluid percussion: A surgical model of brain trauma in the rat Authors: T.R. Edwards, T.R. Gleason, C.P. Chengelis, A.E. Radovsky, M.T. Herberth. WIL Research Laboratories, LLC, Ashland, Ohio A model was developed to aid in evaluation of a test article in conjunction with brain trauma under GLP conditions. Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were used, 5/group: Group 1 had a craniectomy, Group 2 had a craniectomy with a temporary luer lock fitting and Group 3 additionally had an approximate 5.5 atm fluid percussion. Behavioral assessments were completed on days 0, 1, 3 and 14. On day 0, Group 3 animals showed significant neurological abnormalities including ataxia. Catalepsy time was latent and all animals were unable to maintain a steady posture on the balance beam compared to Groups 1 and 2. On day 1, most significant clinical signs disappeared except the deficits in balance beam performance. By days 3 and 14 there were no neurological abnormalities. At 2 weeks, animals were euthanized and their brains perfused. Brains were sectioned and stained using H&E, Fluoro Jade B and Perl’s stain. All brains showed tissue loss at the craniectomy site. The total amount of tissue loss was not significantly different between groups, but the amount of deeper tissue damage in the deeper cerebral cortex, dorsal thalamus and hippocampus was significantly greater in Group 3 animals. Gliosis was visible around the site of tissue loss in all rats and in the deeper tissues of Group 3. Group 3 animals also had focal neuronal degeneration and necrosis as well as vacuolation in the deeper tissues. Based on these results, it was determined that the fluid percussion model provided adequate brain trauma for assessing test article effects in GLP studies. Keys to success Authors: Ann Tourigny Turner. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Those who work with the animals in the laboratory setting have one of the most consequential assignments in the research arena. Working in an animal lab is challenging and requires specialized knowledge and versatile skills. Career success us a combination of education, experience, continuing competence, professional development and personal commitment. The “Key” to being successful will be highlighted in this presentation. Basic Surgical Knowledge, Principles & Practices Authors: H. Vince Mendenhall1 and Robert W. Coatney2. 1Principal Scientist, Preclinical Surgery, Charles River Laboratories, Worcester, MA; 2Head Veterinarian: Surgical Models and Imaging, Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA Surgery is that branch of medicine that is concerned with the treatment of disease by manual and instrumental interventional procedures. The research surgeon is confronted with normal anatomy and physiology, and thus the objective of the procedure is to create as little pathological anatomy and physiology as possible. The clinical surgeon is confronted with pathological anatomy and physiology, and thus, the objective is to restore as much normal anatomy and physiology as possible. In either case, since surgery is the act of incising living tissue, its performance creates a pathological physiological and cellular event, leading to damage and disruption of living tissue. Surgery encompasses much more than the technical performance of an operative procedure. It must involve preoperative preparation, intraoperative judgment and management, and postoperative care. Whereas knowledge is learned and applied, skills are practiced, developed, and refined. With regards to surgery, this involves an intimate knowledge of the mechanics of tissue handling, knot tying, instrument and suture handling and clinical observation. All these efforts are to minimize “time, trash and trauma” in a surgical procedure. To accomplish this, an intimate knowledge of anatomy, physiology and wound healing of the various animal species and how they relate to that of humans is essential. The principles of microbiology and an absolute belief in the principles of asepsis are also mandatory, since the histologic reaction to toxic materials is the same as that for infected biocompatible materials. Thus, a surgeon should be learned, expert, ingenious