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Polarization measurements of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission following excitation and ionization-excitation of helium by fast electron, proton, and molecular hydrogen (H2+ and H3+) impact

We report intensive experimental and theoretical data corresponding to helium extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission in the 30-60 nm wavelengths range for e- + He, H+ + He, and Hn+ + He (n=2-3) collisions with impact velocities from 1.4 to 8.5 a.u. Specifically, the degree of linear polarization associated with HeI (1snp) 1Po levels, n=2-5, (λ=51.7 to 58.4 nm for n=2-5 to n=1 transitions) and HeII (2p) 2Po states (λ=30.4 nm) have been measured at intermediate- to high-energy range using a compact lightweight molybdenum/silicon multilayer mirror polarimeter (MLM). The combination of these polarization measurements with our previous total EUV cross sections has enabled us to determine experimental magnetic substate scattering angle-integrated cross sections σ0 and σ1for ML = 0, ±1, and 1 following excitation of He (1s2) 1S to HeI (1s2p) 1Po levels and ionization-excitation to He+ (2p) 2Po for electron and proton impact at a wide range velocities. The degree of linear polarization and obtained magnetic sublevel cross sections are compared to earlier theoretical calculations together with our recent 23-state R-Matrix, 1st and 2nd Born calculations. Such a detailed comparison may shed more light on the collision processes involved in positively and negatively single charge particle impact in helium. In particular it shows that electron-electron interactions play an important role in the ionization-excitation mechanism. In addition, this comprehensive database possibly will provide a deeper understanding of electron and proton induced jets in solar flare astrophysical investigations.