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Spatial bistability: a source of complex dynamics. From spatiotemporal reaction-diffusion patterns to chemomechanical structures.

We show experimentally and theoretically that reaction systems characterized by a slow induction period followed by a fast evolution to equilibrium can readily generate "spatial bistability" when operated in thin gel reactors diffusively fed from one side. This phenomenon which corresponds to the coexistence of two different stable steady states, not breaking the symmetry of the boundary conditions, can be at the origin of diverse reaction-diffusion instabilities. Using different chemical reactions, we show how stationary pulses, labyrinthine patterns or spatiotemporal oscillations can be generated. Beyond simple reaction-diffusion instabilities, we also demonstrate that the cross coupling of spatial bistability with the size responsiveness of a chemosensitive gel can give rise to autonomous spatiotemporal shape patterns, referred to as chemomechanical structures.