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Untangling the Mutatis Mutandis Principle in Free Trade Agreements: Using the WTO to Understand FTAs

It is common to find in the texts of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) around the globe, provisions incorporated mutatis mutandis from the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. The incorporation of a WTO provision under this expression makes it necessary to determine the likely effects of such inclusion in FTAs. Little has been written about this issue despite more and more treaties make use of this expression to incorporate WTO provisions. This document presents an approach to this matter, concluding that the use of mutatis mutandis increases the interplay between the WTO and the FTAs.