{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.014909478168264111, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002129925452609159, 'mean_word_length': 6.230769230769231, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Lateral Ligamentous Instability: Techniques of Repair and Reconstruction

Summary: Acute and chronic elbow instability continues to be a vexing problem. The role of the lateral supporting structures in recurrent elbow dislocation has been recognized for more than 30 years; however, the condition of posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow has only recently been described. Unlike medial collateral ligament insufficiency, virtually all cases of chronic lateral ligamentous instability are related to previous trauma. Recognition and appropriate treatment of acute lateral ligament injuries may help prevent chronic elbow instability. Reconstruction of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament is an effective treatment for recurrent elbow dislocation and posterolateral rotatory instability. The diagnosis, indications, surgical techniques, and postoperative care of patients with lateral ligamentous instability are presented here.