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Trends in Polymer and Particle Characterization by Microfluidic Field-Flow Fractionation Methods: Science or Business?

More than 45 years have passed since the invention of field-flow fractionation (FFF). During this time, several methods and techniques, differing mainly by the nature of the applied field, have been proposed and experimentally implemented. However, only few of them are currently in practical laboratory use. Recent trends of miniaturization of all separation techniques have also been followed in the development of FFF apparatus. The aim of this work is to give an overview of the advances that are important in the practical use of microfluidic FFF techniques. Another aim is a critical evaluation of the crucial characteristics of the most widespread FFF techniques performed in standard-size channels.