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Adaptive evolution of Arabidopsis and its relatives

Adaptive evolution, that is, how organisms adapt to diverse habitats and reproduce efficiently, is a fundamental biological question since Darwin. With the development of genome sequencing technique, many species of diverse lineages as well as many accessions within each species have been sequenced. Besides genome sequence, more omics data sets are available now, such as transcriptome, methylome, siRNA, and proteome. High throughput genome sequencing speeds up the studies of plant adaptive evolution. Arabidopsis thaliana , the model plant from the family Brassicaceae, has many available resources or data sets, which makes A. thaliana and its closely related species become a model system to study plant adaptive evolution. Therefore, this review focuses on Arabidopsis and its relatives, to summarize the progress of plant adaptive evolution, and at the same time, to highlight the challenges to understand the mysteries of adaptive evolution.