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A PROPRIOCEPTIVE MODEL FOR INDUCING ANY VIRTUAL TWO-DIMENTSIONAL MOVEMENT IN HUMANS BY APPLYING MUSCLE TENDON VIBRATION

The aim of this study was to develop a model mimicking the muscle afferent patterns corresponding to any twodimensional movement and check its validity by inducing illusory movements using vibrations. Three kinds of illusory movements were compared. One induced by patterns of vibration copying the afferent responses of previously recorded muscle spindle afferents during imposed ankle movements, and two others generated by the model. Different vibratory patterns were applied to 20 motionless volunteers in the absence of vision. After each vibration sequence, they were first asked to name the corresponding graphic symbol and after to copy the illusory movement perceived. The results showed that the afferent patterns generated by the model were very similar to those recorded during actual ankle movements. The model was also efficient to generate afferent response patterns at the wrist level. The recorded and modelled patterns evoked similar illusory movements when used to pilot sets of vibrators placed at ankle or wrist levels. Whatever the vibration pattern used, the subjects identified 75% of the graphic symbols described by the illusory trajectories they perceived. This proprioceptive model based on neurosensory data recorded in behaving humans should provide a useful tool for sensorimotor learning, rehabilitation and virtual reality.