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Comparison of water immersion and saline infusion as a means of inducing volume expansion in man.

Although previous studies have demonstrated that water immersion to the neck (NI) results in both central hypervolemia and a significant natriuresis, it is unclear whether the magnitude of the "volume stimulus" of NI is comparable to that induced by the extracellular fluid volume expansion (ECVE) induced by acute saline administration. The present study was undertaken therefore to compare the natriuresis induced by these two different stimuli. All subjects were studied on four occasions while in balance on a diet containing 150 meq of sodium and 80 meq of potassium daily: seated control; seated immersion; and saline administration in both the seated and recumbent posture. The increment in UNaV during NI was indistinguishable from that of seated saline. Similarly, the kaliuretic response during NI was similar to that induced by seated saline infusion. In contrast, supine saline infusion resulted in a greater increment in UNaV than either NI or seated saline. The present data indicate that the "volume stimulus" of immersion is identical with that of standard saline-induced ECVE in normal seated subjects. Furthermore, the ability of NI to induce a natriuresis without a concomitant increase in total blood volume and with a decrease in body weight, rather than the increase which attends saline infusion, suggests that NI may be a preferred investigative tool for assessing the effects of ECVE in man.