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Toward Semantic Digital Libraries : Exploiting Semantic Web in Cultural Heritage

Developing and maintaining a digital library requires substantial investments which are not simply a matter of technological decisions, but include also organizational aspects (which user roles are involved in content production, which workflows are needed, etc.). Moreover, starting a digital library initiative requires to tackle several issues such as the introduction of new user roles, workflows, and types of contents. These issues are often handled by approaches based on a physical perspective which treats the stored information either in terms of data formats or physical space needed to archive them. All these perspectives ignore quite completely the semantic aspects of the digital contents. In this paper we address such semantic perspective. More specifically, we propose a service oriented architecture which explicitly includes a semantic layer that provides primitive services to the applications built on the top of the digital library. As part of this layer, a specific component is described: the PIRATES framework. This module assists final users to complete several tasks concerning the retrieval of the most relevant content with respect to a description of their information needs (a search query, a user profile, etc.). Techniques of user modeling, adaptive personalization, and knowledge representation are exploited to build the PIRATES services in order to fill the gap existing between traditional and semantic digital libraries.