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Effect of different methods of agitation on penetration of an endodontic irrigant

Objective: To assess the influence of different agitation protocols on the penetration of an endodontic irrigating solution into dentinal tubules. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted human teeth were cleaned and shaped using nickel-titanium instrumentation with intermittent irrigation. Final rinse was performed using 5% sodium hypochlorite labeled with 0.2% alizarin red dye. Specimens were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10), namely, control group (no agitation), K-file group, EndoActivator group, and endosonic group. Specimens were then sectioned at 2, 4, and 6 mm from the apex in 40 μm thick sections and prepared for fluorescence microscopy at ×100. Irrigation penetration was analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance followed by post hoc comparisons. Results: Groups were ranked in the following order: control (no agitation) ~K-file < EndoActivator < endosonic. Conclusion: Ultrasonic agitation increases penetration of endodontic irrigant into the dentinal tubules.