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Structural health monitoring of a composite wind turbine blade using fiber Bragg grating sensors

In this study, a down-scaled wind turbine blade was designed and fabricated using glass and carbon fiber materials for the skin and stiffener, respectively. In the course of its fabrication, an array of FBG (fiber Bragg grating) sensors was embedded in the composite laminates. The embedded FBG sensor array was used to measure the residual strain in the stiffener before and after the curing process, and after fabrication of the blade, the FBG array was used to monitor the structural conditions, including structural dynamic behavior during the structural testing of the blade. The results of the tests showed that the FBG sensor array effectively measured the residual strain distribution of the blade stiffener before and after the curing process. And the measured natural frequencies and mode shapes by the FBG array matched the results obtained from the FE analysis and conventional accelerometers.