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Neurogenesis and neuronal migration in the neonatal rat forebrain anterior subventricular zone do not require GFAP-positive astrocytes.

A prolific neuronal progenitor cell population in the anterior portion of the neonatal rat forebrain subventricular zone, the SVZa, is specialized for the production of olfactory bulb interneurons. At all ages, SVZa-derived cells traverse a tangential migratory pathway, the rostral migratory stream (RMS), while en route to the olfactory bulb. Unlike other neuronal progenitor cells of the forebrain, migrating progeny of SVZa progenitors express neuronal-specific proteins and continue to divide into adulthood. Recent studies indicate that in the adult, migrating SVZa-derived cells are ensheathed by astrocytes, although the function of these astrocytes has not been determined. To explore the possible role(s) of astrocytes in the rat SVZa and RMS, we examined the expression of astroglial-specific genes in the postnatal SVZa and RMS using RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry during (Postnatal Days 1-10) and after the period of peak olfactory bulb interneuron generation. We also examined the expression of neuronal-specific genes throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the postnatal subventricular zone to determine if differential cell type-specific gene expression could distinguish the neurogenic SVZa as a region distinct from the remainder of the SVZ. We found little to no astrocyte-specific gene expression in the P0-P7 SVZa, although the neuron-specific isoforms of tubulin (T alpha 1 and beta-III tubulin) were expressed abundantly in the SVZa and RMS. In contrast, astrocyte-specific genes were strongly expressed in the SVZ posterior to the SVZa. GFAP expressions begins to appear in some restricted areas of the rostral migratory stream after the first postnatal week. These data suggest that astroglia are not involved in the generation or migration of most olfactory bulb interneurons. Moreover, the scarcity of glial markers in the neonatal SVZa indicates that the forebrain subventricular zone includes a distinct neurogenic anterior region containing predominantly committed neuronal progenitor cells.