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The Black Sea as a simulation ocean model

The modern progress in human activities is accompanied by the increasing dependence of the economy on various natural phenomena (climate anomalies, catastrophic natural processes) and the state of the environment (determination of food quality and the ambient medium). The anthropogenic load on the environment becomes more and more essential, which interferes with the existing equilibrium of natural processes. Human activities also produce essential changes in marine ecosystems, and reduce fishing and varieties of the marine fauna. The industrial application of sea and ocean shelfs and their use for gas and oil production and transport increase the probability of large-scale accidents with irreparable damage of recreational and biological sea resources. It is obvious that the intensification of the industrial development of marine areas should be accompanied by the improvement of systems of control over the marine environment, so that it could give reliable information for decision making, correction of existing projects, and justification of future economic projects. The ability to simulate, forecast, and control the state of the marine environment allows us to improve the efficiency of operations in the sea and to avoid negative consequences of the economic activity. Efficient means for control and prognosis of the marine environment are offered by modern geoinformation technologies, including operational observation systems, mathematical models of the marine environment evolution, and observation data assimilation methods. Methods and systems of modelling and monitoring global and regional natural processes have been intensely developed during the last 2–3 decades in different countries. This was stimulated by progress in mathematical methods and computational technologies, by increasing capacity of multiprocessor computational platforms, by creation of new measurement complexes (satellites, floating buoys, etc.). Computing and information systems have been set up, which allows one to analyze and forecast three-dimensional dynamics of sea and ocean circulation and the evolution of marine ecosystems. As examples of progress in this direction in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, we can mention the model of ocean hydrodynamics with variational data assimilation algorithms developed at