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Hemoglobin, a model protein for studying non‐enzymatic glycation

Non‐enzymatic glycation of protein is a chemical modification reaction often found in human metabolism. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been used as a model protein for studying non‐enzymatic glycation because of its biological significance. Several questions have been raised in the course of studying this important biological reaction. Among them, we have focused on two major questions: 1) Why is the amino‐terminus of the β‐chain of human hemoglobin (HbA) a preferred target and not the amino‐terminus of the α‐chain, since HbA has Val residues in both its amino‐termini? 2) Why do some Schiff base intermediates advance Amadori rearrangement but not others?