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Understanding Political Transformation in Egypt: Advocacy NGOs, Civil Society and the State

Abstract: This paper uses Gramscian concepts of civil society, hegemony and counter-hegemony to deepen our understanding of the potential for political transformation in Egypt. I assume that political transformation represents a transformation of power relations, which are constituted through both material structures and discursive practices. In order to understand the potential for political transformation, I explore the discursive practices of a sub-sector of Egyptian political actors—that is, Egyptian advocacy NGOs—and analyse their relationship to dominant power relations. The study of advocacy NGOs as political actors reflects the growing interest over the past couple of decades in the role of NGOs in contributing to establishing ‘good governance’.