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Pediatric Germ Cell Tumor: Case Study

Germ cell (yolk sac) tumors are rare tumors that often have a poor prognosis because they are not usually found until metastases have occurred. The diagnosis of yolk sac tumors is usually a multimodality diagnosis in conjunction with a biopsy of the lesion. This case study outlines the initial stages of diagnosing and treating a 22-month-old male patient who was found to have a widespread malignant yolk sac tumor in his abdominopelvic cavity. Sonography was used as the primary imaging modality due to the patient’s age, but it was soon determined that a follow-up with computed tomography was necessary. Because of the complicated nature and progression of the tumor, a surgical biopsy was then performed. During the procedure, it was also noted that the mass was hypervascular with extensive blood flow throughout the mass. Excision was not an option and chemotherapy treatment was recommended.