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Optimizing Concrete Mix Design for Application in 3D Printing Technology for the Construction Industry

This paper presents an overview of an investigation into the application of additive manufacturing commonly known as 3D printing specifically within the construction industry. 3D concrete printing is a new and innovative way of construction and can be used for the manufacturing of micro to macro high precision construction components. If correctly designed and used, this method has various advantages over traditional construction methods as it creates opportunities to reduce time and cost. A crucial component for success is an optimized concrete or mortar mix to ensure proper feed, placement and hardening during the 3D printing process. A 3D concrete printer uses a chemically altered concrete or mortar mix, which is pumped through a concrete extruder/nozzle that is carefully controlled in three dimensions. This extruder is controlled by a computerised gantry system, and prints components and structures layer by layer. The key components in such a system are therefore a concrete pump, an extruder, an optimized printable concrete mix and a computerised gantry system. The paper will present an investigation into the criteria for an optimum concrete mix design to be used in a 3D concrete printing machine.