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Left ventricular non-compaction

In April 2011, a 13-month-old girl presented with dyspnoea, tachycardia and weight loss. Echocardiographic examination revealed a left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC), or spongy myocardium characterised by spongiform appearance of the left ventricle with deep recesses, a dilated left ventricle, a decreased left ventricular contractility, a grade 4 mitral valve regurgitation with dehiscence of the mitral valve leaflets and a grade 1 tricuspid valve insufficiency. There was no family history of LVNC; a gene mutation was not verified. Owing to the rapid progression of the heart failure and recurrent cardiac decompensation despite optimal medical treatment, the patient was listed high urgency for orthotopic heart transplantation, which …