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Irradiation Direction‐Dependent Surface Charge Recombination in Hematite Thin‐Film Oxygen Evolution Photoanodes

For photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices, light irradiation direction changes photogenerated charge distribution and thus will affect the charge collection efficiency of the photoelectrodes. Herein, we studied the influence of irradiation direction on charge collection properties of α‐Fe2O3 photoanodes with different geometries, and demonstrated the controlled charge collection by modifying surface geometry. An irradiation direction‐dependent surface charge recombination was identified. In comparison with backside irradiation, frontside irradiation was found to be favorable to obtain high photocurrent because of the effective hole collection, except for the thick planar film due to its high surface recombination. This problem can be solved by patterning the planar film surface with nanonet geometry to promote surface charge transfer. As a result, the nanonet photoanode exhibited a higher photocurrent than the planar counterpart under frontside irradiation. Our finding provides useful guidance on designing high efficiency PEC devices.