{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024819855884707767, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.067961165048544, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effective Accessible Energy to Accommodate Load Demand of Electric Vehicles

The continuous increase of electric vehicles (EVs) has led to many challenges related to allocating the required resources to maintain the reliability of power systems. Determining the amount of controlled charging of EV loads that can be added to a power system without deteriorating its reliability is a key factor in addressing these challenges. This paper introduces the concept of “Extra Effective Available Energy” to accommodate the load demand of electric vehicles (EEAE-EVs) with controlled charging in power system adequacy assessment. The EEAE-EVs is defined as the amount of EV loads that can be added to a power system without the need for generation expansion. Also, this paper proposes a new method to determine the amount of extra generation needed to restore the initial reliability level (i.e., the reliability level prior to adding the load of EVs) which is defined as “Extra Effective Required Generation” for EVs (EERG-EVs), Proposed approaches are demonstrated on the IEEE Reliability Test System with real EV charging data. Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the well-known power system reliability indices, the EEAE-EVs, and the EERG-EVs.