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Measurements of Amorphous (a)-C, Au + a-C and a-Metal TEM Specimen Stabilities for HRTEM Studies

The stability of modern aberration-corrected electron microscopes operating in a highly quiescent environment have become so stable that their spatial resolution measurements often depend on the stability of the specimen. A Fourier transform of a high-resolution image is probably the easiest and most often applied method to see the information content, however, its dependence on the specimen’s stability suffers from two faults. If the specimen is inherently unstable due to irradiation damage, beam heating and atomic migrations and rearrangements such as seen with amorphous-carbon (a-C) specimens there is a loss of beam coherence resulting in a low estimate of the microscope’s spatial resolution. If the specimen is a stable crystal such as gold (Au) that doesn’t suffer from the inherent instabilities associated with a-C, the crystal’s low-frequency Fourier peak intensities contribute to the higher Fourier peak intensities resulting a high estimate of the microscope’s spatial resolution. A mixed amorphous/crystal specimen such Au coated a-C suffers from both inherent instabilities and the Fourier transform extension of the Fourier intensities. Required for a better measurement of the microscope’s spatial resolution is a stable amorphous specimen. Often amorphous tungsten, a heavy atom but soft metal, is used for this purpose but it recrystallizes while under the beam so is unstable during TEM observation especially at the higher voltages. Thus, the search for a better high-resolution TEM specimen was conducted. Amorphous metal (a-M) such as Zr65.7 Cu5.6 Ni11.8 Al3.7 Ti3.3 (wt%) consists of heavy atoms locked in place and are extremely strong (1524 MPa), both good qualities for a stable specimen. Reported here is a study conducted to compare the TEM specimen stabilities of a-C, Au coated a-C and a-M using the Young fringe method of electron beam interference Fourier transformed to reveal their information content.