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Fragments of utopias from the twenty-first century and Amazonia: projections and controversies

This article presents a brief theoretical description of the foundations of Western culture that permeate the “nature × culture” confrontation in the contemporary world. The study is centered on the theme of “sustainable development”, and it demonstrates the processes that anchor the current economic worldwide scientific and politic structures. Special attention is dedicated to the polemics and to the contradictions of Western culture as a civilization agent, and to presenting several socioeconomic scenarios that together make up the contemporary environmental subject. Several scientific, economic and political connections of sustainable development are shown, including the “force-idea” that articulates the places and the regions with the world. Finally, after presenting a theoretical and operational study, the outstanding problems and controversies that make up the general principles of environmental economic models are shown, exposing the theoretical elements that justify the need to build new utopias for the twenty-first century.