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Cycloheximide blocks the toxic effect of streptomycin in guinea pig vestibular hair cells.

Apoptosis has been suggested to be a predominant cell death process for streptomycin-induced degeneration of vestibular hair cells. However, the biochemical aspects of this have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the biochemical aspects of apoptosis of vestibular hair cells caused by streptomycin. Cycloheximide is a widely used protein synthesis inhibitor in studies of apoptosis. We therefore investigated cycloheximide effects on degeneration of vestibular hair cells following streptomycin applications. Supplements of cycloheximide significantly prevented DNA fragmentation in hair cell nuclei and reduced the loss of hair cells. This suggests that cycloheximide possibly inhibits apoptosis of hair cells and attenuates streptomycin-induced degeneration of the vestibular epithelium.