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Katharina: Working out anxiety. Notes on Freud's early case

Abstract Freud's conversation with a young woman, reported in ‘Studies on hysteria’ (Breuer & Freud, 1895), provides an early account of the way hysterical anxiety might be structured and how it could be treated. This paper focuses on the case of Katharina to show how the concept of ‘anxiety’ was being delimited by Freud at the time he wrote about this case, and how the work of elaboration in the treatment was starting to be conceptualized in psychoanalysis. It is clear that Katharina's anxiety was not independent of objects, amenable simply to ‘abreaction’, and that these objects were grounded in a particular structure of relationships that needs to be grasped theoretically. The notion of structure in psychoanalysis is pertinent in this case, at the levels of social relations, theoretical construction and clinical setting.