{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03090909090909091, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007272727272727273, 'mean_word_length': 5.406976744186046, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Response Characteristics in a Mail Survey

A survey of job attitudes and job behavior was mailed to 2,268 workers and their employers. Nonresponse bias was investigated for biographic variables and three substantive variables: pay, job training, and job attitudes. The small significant effects observed suggest only minor bias. The biographic characteristics which did indicate nonresponse bias, e.g., sex, also demonstrated late-response bias. The use of late-responders' characteristics as a proxy for nonresponse bias needs further investigation.