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[HIV and pregnancy].

1. With appropriate therapy, the rate of transmission of HIV from an infected mother to her child is (A) 1–2%, (B) 5–8%, (C) 12–15%, (D) 20–25%, (E) 30–35%. 2. Autonomy is the core principle of American bioethics. Autonomy is defined as (A) primary consideration of fetal issues in therapeutic decisions for the mother, (B) allowing the mother to make decisions for herself, (C) deciding patient care based on the decision of the patient and her partner, (D) deciding patient care based on recommendations of the treating physician, (E) deciding patient care based on recommendations of an ethics committee. 3. In a population of HIV-infected women who are not identified and, therefore, are not receiving antiretroviral therapy, the perinatal transmission rate is approximately (A) 5%, (B) 10%, (C) 15%, (D) 20%, (E) 25%. 4. In evaluating the newborn of an HIVinfected woman, which of these techniques can be used at birth to determine if the child is infected? (A) neonatal blood culture, (B) neonatal WBC count, (C) neonatal antibody titers, (D) neonatal DNA polymerase chain reaction testing, (E) neonatal CD4 count. 5. The risk of breast milk-associated transmission of HIV from an infected mother to her newborn is (A) 1–2%, (B) 5–10%, (C) 15–30%, (D) 40–50%, (E) 60–70%. 6. Which of these drugs when administered as a single oral dose to the mother at the onset of labor and a single oral dose to the newborn within 72 hours of life will reduce the transmission rate of HIV by 50%? (A) zidovudine, (B) lamivudine, (C) acyclovir, (D) nevirapine, (E) efavirenz. 7. To reduce intrapartum transmission of HIV, which of these should be avoided during labor? (A) intrauterine pressure catheter, (B) fetal scalp electrode, (C) forceps, (D) vacuum extractor, (E) all of these. 8. Which of these placental factors has been associated with an increased rate of transmission of HIV? (A) absence of placental CD4 receptors, (B) lack of expression of HLA types A, B, or C molecules, (C) sloughing of trophoblastic cells into the intervillous space, (D) actions of placental cytokines, (E) chorioamnionitis. 9. Which of these antiretroviral agents produces central nervous system malformations in monkeys at doses similar to those used in humans? (A) zidovudine, (B) lamivudine, (C) nevirapine, (D) efavirenz, (E) ritonavir. 10. In the woman who has recently had HIV diagnosed during pregnancy or in the woman with HIV that has never been treated, which of these should be performed in addition to routine prenatal laboratory testing? (A) cytomegaloviCLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY Volume 44, Number 2, 312–313 © 2001, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.