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Demand-Side Response of Thermostatically Controlled Loads Using Stackelberg Game Method

This paper focuses on the demand-side response of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) using Stackelberg game method. First, we build an electricity market trade process to find the relationship between real time pricing (RTP) and energy demand of every TCL. In this process, the electric energy control center (EECC) serves as a leader, selling electricity to TCLs who can be seen as the followers. Therefore, a one-leader N-follower Stackelberg game is built to describe the trade process. Second, we explore the relationship between energy demand and set-point temperature of every TCL by analyzing the TCL dynamics. Finally the relationship between RTP and set-point temperature of every TCL can be derived. The final form of the whole process is that the set-point temperature of every TCL is adjusted with the RTP.