{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.017598343685300208, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004140786749482402, 'mean_word_length': 5.623287671232877, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A novel antenna design with fractal-shaped DGS using PSO for emergency management

This article presents an analysis and design of a novel planar antenna in corporation with fractal-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) for wireless communication devoted to emergency management. The conventional ground plane can be replaced by a fractal DGS ground plane to get size reduction, better efficiency and suppress surface-waves. The synthesis of the proposed antenna is carried out by means of particle swarm optimisation (PSO) to identify the geometrical descriptors of the structure. The representative results reveal that the proposed geometry exhibits better impedance matching and multiband characteristics in comparison to conventional planar antenna (without any defects). The analyses from simulations and numerical validations are reported in order to illustrate the effectiveness of varying scale factor that contributes 69.08% size reduction of ground plane.