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Design and Operation of Sonde Arrays to Measure Fluid Mud in the Marine Environment

The measurement of moving fluid mud in the bottom boundary layer is important for dredging operations as well as understanding the environmental remediation aspects of dredging. During dredging operations fluid mud in the lutocline is resuspended and transported as nephelometric layers of dense suspended particulates and flocs. The measurement of the vertical profile of the fluid mud flux (g m sec) in the horizontal direction is accomplished using an array of eight passive sondes. The passive flux traps or sondes were designed using computer aided software and 3-D printing techniques with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials or polyvinyl chloride pipes and fittings. Deployment of the sondes arrays range from days to several weeks to allow the estimation of moving mud in the bottom boundary layer. Exponential vertically increasing concentrations of mud in the moving lutocline follows the profiles of high concentrations of suspended particulate matter previously reported in scientific literature. Results presented demonstrate the use of the new vertical sonde arrays as a monitoring protocol for characterization of moving fluid mud and muck in the bottom boundary layer in marine or freshwater systems.