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GCA diagnosis controversies

Purpose To report on different clinical presentations of giant cell arteritis (GCA, temporal arteritis) and diagnostic and therapeutic approach. GCA is the most common primary vasculitis of adulthood. Ocular symptoms present in 30‐75% of patients and include visual loss, amaurosis fugax, ophthalmoplegia, diplopia and ocular pain. Approximately 15‐50 % of patients suffer from permanent visual loss. Temporal artery biopsy and corticosteroid treatment is essential for diagnosis and preservation of vision.