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Detection of Landslide Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networking is one of the emerging areas which are extensively being used for development of realtime monitoring systems. This paper discusses the development of a wireless sensor network (WSN) to detect landslides, which includes design and development of WSN for real time monitoring system. A laboratory trial has been performed using wireless sensor networking with the integration of different sensors to detect the landslide. Landslides are the major cause of loss of life, human settlements, agriculture, forestland, and lead to damage of communication routes. The term landslide describes many types of downhill earth movements ranging from rapidly moving catastrophic rock avalanches and debris flows in mountainous regions to more slowly moving earth slides. It occurs as gravitational forces exceed the strength of material in a slope. Rocks, debris and slumps slide on a weak, fractured, slick, clayey or water-saturated planar or curved slip surface. Some landslides move slowly and cause damage gradually, whereas others move so rapidly that those can demolish property and lives suddenly and unexpectedly. As landslide moves down slope, the ground surface cracks, tilts, and drops. The causes of landslides in India are mainly due to extreme rainfall and earthquake. Landslides affect approximately 15% of land area of Indian subcontinent and reaching around 0.49 million km 2 . India has a sensational record of catastrophes due to landslides [1].