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Quantitative evaluation indexes of the spatial steering effect of directional perforation hydraulic fractures

To better evaluate the spatial steering effect of directional perforation hydraulic fractures, evaluation indexes for the spatial steering effect are first proposed in this paper. Then, these indexes are used to quantitatively evaluate existing physical experimental results. Finally, with the help of RFPA2D-Flow software, the influence of perforation length and azimuth on the spatial steering process of hydraulic fracture are quantitatively analysed using four evaluation indexes. It is shown by the results that the spatial deflection trajectory, deflection distance, deflection angle and initiation pressure of hydraulic fractures can be used as quantitative evaluation indexes for the spatial steering effect of hydraulic fractures. The deflection paths of directional perforation hydraulic fractures are basically the same. They all gradually deflect to the maximum horizontal principal stress direction from the perforation hole and finally represent a double-wing bending fracture. The deflection distance, deflection angle and initiation pressure of hydraulic fractures increase gradually with increasing perforation azimuth, and the sensitivity of the deflection angle to the perforation azimuth of hydraulic fractures also increases. With increasing perforation length, the deflection distance of hydraulic fractures increases gradually. However, the deflection angle and initiation pressure decrease gradually, as does the sensitivity.