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Cigarette smoking and suicide attempts in psychiatric outpatients in Hungary.

BACKGROUND
Epidemiological and clinical studies have found a significant association between smoking and suicidal behaviour.


METHOD
334 outpatients with DSM-IV diagnosis of unipolar major depression, bipolar (I+II) disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and pure panic disorder were interviewed regarding to their smoking habits and previous suicide attempts.


RESULTS
With the exception of panic disorder patients, the rate of prior suicide attempt(s) was much higher among current and lifetime smokers than among never smokers in all diagnostic groups, but the difference was statistically significant only for lifetime smoker unipolar depressives and for current and lifetime smoker schizophrenics.


LIMITATIONS
Age, social class and alcohol/caffeine consumption was not controlled and dependent vs nondependent smokers were not distinguished.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings support previous results on the strong relationship between smoking and suicidal behaviour in psychiatric (particularly major depressive and schizophrenic) patients.