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Book Review: Immigrant Workers and Class Structure in Western Europe

This is a much-needed survey that will prove invaluable to students of immigration, of the working class and of contemporary Europe. The authors deal with immigration to Britain, Germany, France and Switzerland. They cover such topics as rates and sources of the flow, employment patterns, housing, education patterns of adults and children, and trade union policies. The presentation is consistantly strong when statistical materials or institutional descriptions are being handled. Relevant laws and trade union pronouncements as well as quantitative data ranging from criminality to unemployment, are summarized clearly. The analysis break down when other material is being covered and this is unfortunate given its importance in understanding the human impact of introEuropean immigration. References to the special problems of immigrant women from rural society in Southern Europe and the Near East do not add up to a clear examination of their situation. Family structure gets brief treatment. Problems of adaptation boil down, too often, to areas where figures are available: health, for example, and mental disorders that require psychiatric treatment. The authors rely heavily on other surveys, and where these are wanting the gaps are unfortunate. The treatment is rarely specifically comparanve. Data on a given subject is presented country by country. Occasionally a brief comparative assessment is ventured, as in France's record for the worst housing or in Britain's greater racism. There is little historical perspective. An initial section usefully reminds the reader of the high rate of migration at several periods before 1945, but none of the other topics receive historical treatment. This can lead to some shallow narrative, as in the failure to recognize continuities in the paternalistic policies of German employers or the more mixed approach of the French. Even in discussing discriminatory attitudes, despite a bow to historical roots, the authors are largely content to cite public opinion polls with vague references to a fear of unemployment. The rich, if unfortunate, history of French workers' hostility to, say, Italians, is not touched.