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Implementation of a trapezoidal‐rule microwave integrator

The bilinear transformation is employed to represent the trapezoidal‐rule integrator in the Z domain. This formulation, in conjunction with the representations of transmission‐line elements in the Z domain, leads to the transmission‐line configuration that is eligible for a microwave integrator. A microstrip circuit is implemented to verify the feasibility of the technique. Except for the lower‐frequency band, the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical values of the trapezoidal‐rule integrator. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 822–825, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21485