{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.036685641998734975, 'fraction_numerical': 0.009487666034155597, 'mean_word_length': 5.619246861924686, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 1, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Development of "Multi-Resistance Rice" by Assembly of Herbicide, Insect and Disease resistance Genes with a Transgene Stacking System.

BACKGROUND
Weeds, diseases and pests pose serious threats to rice production and cause significant economic losses. Cultivation of rice varieties with resistance to herbicides, diseases and pests is believed to be the most economical and environment-friendly method to deal with these problems.


RESULTS
In this study, a highly efficient transgene stacking system was used to assembly the synthetic glyphosate-tolerance gene (I. variabilis-EPSPS*), lepidopteran pest resistance gene (Cry1C*), brown planthopper resistance genes (Bph14* and OsLecRK1*), bacterial blight resistance gene (Xa23*) and rice blast resistance gene (Pi9*) onto a TAC vector. The construct was transferred into ZH11 (a widely used japonica rice cultivar Zhonghua 11) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and "multi-resistance rice" (MRR) with desirable agronomic traits was obtained. The results showed that MRR had significantly improved resistance to glyphosate, borers, brown planthopper, bacterial blight and rice blast relative to the recipient cultivar ZH11. Besides, under the natural occurrence of pests and diseases in the field, the yield of MRR was significantly higher than that of ZH11.


CONCLUSION
A multi-gene transformation strategy was employed to successfully develop rice lines with multi-resistance to glyphosate, borers, brown planthopper, bacterial blight and rice blast, and the obtained MRR is expected to have great application potential.