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Clinical manifestations of HIV-1 infection.

This study describes the mode of transmission clinical manifestations and outcome of HIV/AIDS among children diagnosed at the Children’s Medical College Hospital. Data were obtained from the 88 clinical case records of children (50 boys and 38 girls) diagnosed to have HIV infection from January 1988 to March 2001. Findings demonstrated that although the predominant route of transmission of HIV infection is vertical transmission via blood transfusion still takes place. There was also an evidence of a bimodal progression of disease due to HIV infection. The study also found that the clinical manifestations of HIV infection such as hepatomegaly generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly skin infections recurrent diarrhea and failure to thrive were similar to those described in the other studies conducted in developed countries except that bacterial infections were more common than opportunistic infections. Based on the findings it is suggested that in the absence of easily affordable antiretroviral therapy prompt diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis may be the keys to prolonging life and ensuring optimal health in children with HIV infections.