{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.018544935805991442, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.9504950495049505, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Proportional multiple‐integral observer design for continuous‐time descriptor linear systems

In this paper, a new type of proportional multiple‐integral observer is proposed for continuous‐time descriptor linear systems. A parametric design approach for the proposed observers is presented. Based on a complete general parametric solution to the generalized Sylvester‐observer matrix equation, complete parameterizations for all the observer gains are established in terms of four parameter matrices. The proposed approach can offer full design freedom, and has great potential in applications. A numerical example is given to show the design procedure and the effectiveness of the proposed approach.