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Perceptual And Visuospatial Abilities In Chess Players: A Cross-sectional Study

The differences in ability of chess players at different skill levels to copy and to recall positions are attributable to the experts’ storage of thousands of chunks (patterned clusters of pieces) in the long-term memory. The aim of this study was to check differences in perceptual tasks and the visuo-spatial abstraction cognitive ability of chess players compared to non-players. A cross-sectional study was conducted by comparing the perceptual and visuo-spatial performance of 50 agonistic chess players, and a referent group of 50 ageand education-matched non-players. The following tests were undertaken by the participants: Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT), General Ability Test 2 (GAT-2 Abstract and Spatial modules). The status of chess player does not affect the outcome of the GEFT perceptual test or the GAT-2 abstract test, whereas a significative effect is demonstrated by the GAT-2 spatial test. This study reveals a significant difference in visuo-spatial abilities between chess players and non-players, after adjusting for age, whereas no difference could be demonstrated with respect to perceptual or abstraction skills. Visuo-spatial abilities seem not to be influenced by age, and one wonders whether visuo-spatial ability is developed only in a specific form in chess players rather than in more general forms.