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Engineering Ratiometric Persistent Luminous Sensor Arrays for Biothiols Identification.

Thiols play vital roles in mediating physiological processes. However, it is difficult to discriminate one thiol species from other due to the similarities among structures and reactivities of thiols. In light of the ultra-low background and impressive discrimination power, persistent luminescence-based sensing array has attracted increasing attention while remains a huge challenge. Herein, we have throughly studied the chemistry involved dual-emission PLNPs (D-PLNPs) with metal ions (MI) and for the first time proposed MI-triggered ratiometric persistent luminescence (R-PersL) sensor array for the discrimination of six thiols. To extract data-rich outputs from a single sensor element, three representative D-PLNPs with core-shell structure and subsequent carboxyl functionalizations (CSD-PLNPs) were rationally fabricated. Interestingly, MI revealed the different regulating efficiencies for two main emission bands of CSD-PLNPs, resulting from MI-triggered R-PersL signal transductions. Inspired by the crucial roles of thiols in vivo, a proof-of-concept sensor array through the ensemble of CSD-PLNPs-COOH and certain MI was developed and demonstrated R-PersL "fingerprint" pattern identification for six thiols. Remarkably, in virtue of autofluorescence-free background and high-throughput signal output, this sensing array system enabled a highly sensitive and differentiable detection of thiols at various concentrations in human blood serums, paving a new way to develop multi-parameters sensing for complex analytes.