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E-Band 3-D Printed Antenna Fabrication and Measurement Using VNA and One-Side Frequency-Extender

Millimeter wave radar has appeared in the scene as automotive safety devices for cruise control, automatic braking and collision warning. These radars use the 75-to 81-GHz band, and their fine resolution permits to detect small objects in movement with high precision. In this paper, we introduce the low-cost 3D printed ABS based plastic antennas, outlining the electro plating process. We focus on high precision E-band measurements, employing popular vector network analyzer (VNA) along with a single frequency-extender to reduce the equipment budget. The setup extends its frequency range of VNA from the K-band into E-band. Connections, setup and block diagram are discussed in detail, and prevention of equipment mismatch is revealed. Finally, laboratory measurements are compared to the HFSS simulation data and good agreement is seen.