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Graphene Growth from Spin-Coated Polymers without a Gas

We grew graphene films on polycrystalline metal substrates using spin-coated polystyrene or polyaniline films as a carbon source by heating the films in an Ar atmosphere or in a vacuum. In an Ar atmosphere of 6.7×104 Pa, precise control of the initial polymer film thickness is crucial for few-layer graphene growth. In a vacuum, few-layer graphene films were obtained regardless of the initial polymer film thickness, because excess carbon atoms are removed from the surface when the polymer is thermally decomposed. This latter method does not require any gas and is thus a very simple and easy way to grow few-layer graphene.