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Turkey's population at the beginning of the 21st century.


 This article describes the population structure in Turkey over the past 70 years and presents population projections for the period 1990-2025. Demographic patterns and economic development vary widely within Turkey. Population increased from 13 million to about 60 million during 1923-95. The annual population growth rate was 2.2%. Turkey is one of the 20 most populous countries of the world. The government of Turkey maintained a pronatalist policy until the mid-1960s. The Population Planning Law of 1965 allowed limited imports of contraceptives. In 1983 the law was revised and liberalized to allow abortion up to the 10th gestation week and voluntary surgical sterilization. Past high fertility and growth rates are evident in the young population age structure. In the early 1990s the crude birth rate was about 25/1000. Contraceptive prevalence in 1993 was 63% of total married women in reproductive ages, but only 34.5% relied on effective methods. Withdrawal was the most popular method. Over 66% of women in 1993 reported a desire to stop childbearing, and 14% desired a delay in childbearing. Ideal family size was 2.4 children. The total fertility rate in 1993 was 2.7 children compared to 3.4 in 1988. Infant mortality declined to 53/1000 in the early 1990s. Maternal mortality was 132/1000 live births. Life expectancy was 63 years for males and 68 years for females. 51.4% of the population was urban in 1993. Net in-migration is expected until 2010. Population, under the medium variant, is expected to reach 66 million in 2000 and 87 million in 2025. Under the low variant and a fertility rate decline to 1.58 by 2025, population would reach about 84 million by 2025. Although Turkey remains different from European Union (EU) countries in socioeconomic and demographic profiles, Turkey is a middle-income country and offers the EU an important human resource.
