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Brain activation Map during BCI Communication in Complete locked in State

Nonverbal and verbal communications are completely lost in patients with complete motor paralysis, leaving no other means of communication except brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). BCIs translate the thought to generate control signal, by which an individual can control a spelling device or external mechanical and electrical devices for communication. Recently we developed a functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based auditory BCI, which was used by four patients in completely locked-in state (CLIS) to answer “yes” and “no” to known and open questions. Patients used fronto-central oxygenation concentration measured with fNIRS to answer “yes” and “no”, while electro-encephalographic (EEG) signal was used to detect any vigilance drop during BCI sessions. Here, we evaluated frontal-central cortical activation by applying general linear model (GLM) to the fNIRS data and EEG signal time-frequency analysis to explore the metabolic and neuroelectric processes occurring during “yes” and “no” questions presented to CLIS patients.