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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma inconspicuous on conventional ultrasound

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency and feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-guided microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma inconspicuous on conventional US. Materials and methods: From March 2006 to February 2010, 107 patients (93 male, 14 female; mean age 58.9 ± 11.0 years) with 107 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules (mean maximum diameter 19.5 ± 8.5 mm) inconspicuous on conventional US underwent microwave (MW) ablation under CEUS guidance in this study. US contrast agent was SonoVue (Bracco, Milan, Italy), a second-generation contrast agent. CEUS was performed first, and then MW ablation was carried out by means of CEUS guidance under unconscious intravenous anaesthesia if the tumours were displayed on CEUS. Results: 105 tumours were successfully visualised on CEUS by using 1–2 times contrast agent injection and MW ablation was performed under CEUS guidance. The technical success rate was 98.13% (105/107). The number of antenna insertions for each tumour was 1.89 ± 0.92, and the mean session of MW ablation for each tumour was 1.08 ± 0.28. The mean duration of energy application for each tumour was 7.05 ± 4.03 min. The follow-up time was 12–54 months (median 18 months). The technique effectiveness rate was 99.05% (104/105). The local tumour progression rate was 1.9% (2/105). There were no severe complications in any patients. Conclusion: CEUS-guided MW ablation is an efficient and feasible treatment method for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma inconspicuous on conventional US.