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Enhanced degradation of metronidazole by heterogeneous sono-Fenton reaction coupled ultrasound using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles.

Metronidazole (MNZ), one of the most commonly used nitroimidazole antibiotics in the world, poses a serious threat to human life and health. In this study, an enhanced sono-Fenton process for the degradation of MNZ is presented. The catalytic capacity of nano-Fe3O4 in systems comprising ultrasound + Fe3O4 + H2O2, and the influential parameters such as H2O2, nano-Fe3O4 doses and pH for the Sono-Fenton process, was investigated. The results showed that the nano-Fe3O4 particles appeared to be roughly spherical in shape, with an average size of 10-20 nm. It was found that •OH radicals were rapidly generated due to the catalytic activity of the nano-Fe3O4. MNZ could be degraded within a wide pH range, from 3 to 9, and the degradation efficiencies were considerably enhanced by ultrasound. When the MNZ concentration was fixed at 20 mg/L, the nano-Fe3O4 dosage at 500 mg/L, the pH at 3 and the reaction temperature at 30°C, the removal efficiencies of MNZ were above 98% after 5 h. It is indicated that Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized as heterogeneous catalysts to effectively degrade MNZ, and the observed stability and recyclability demonstrated that nano-Fe3O4 was promising for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with antibiotics.