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[Early Diagnosis of One Multiple Myeloma Patient with Cold Agglutinin Syndrome as the Initial Presentation].

OBJECTIVE
To analyze one case of multiple myeloma (MM) initially presenting cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS), so as to improve clinical understanding and screening of this disease.


METHODS
The clinical data, laboratory examination, bone marrow result, diagnosis and treatment of the patient were analyzed and summarized to provide ideas and clinical experience for the early diagnosis and treatment of CAS secondary to MM.


RESULTS
The clinical manifestations of asthenia, hemolysis, jaundice and scattered livedo reticularis were caused by CAS secondary to MM, which was different from the general Raynaud's phenomenon. IgMκ type MM was definitely diagnosed according to the morphological features of bone marrow cells and immunofixation electrophoresis. After 3 courses of chemotherapy with BAD regimen and enhanced thermal support, anemia was corrected, M protein was decreased and the cold agglutinin phenomenon was significantly reduced. The evaluation of efficacy reached very good partial response.


CONCLUSION
There are very few MM patients with CAS as the initial presentation, so it is easy to misdiagnose. Early diagnosis and individual therapy are particularly important, which requires clinicians to observe and gain experience further.