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Multi‐year assessment of atmospheric circulation and impacts on air temperature variation on James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula

The influence of synoptic‐scale circulation on air temperature variation in the ice‐free and glaciated areas on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) has been analysed. For this purpose, a new classification of atmospheric circulation with 15 synoptic patterns in the AP region was developed using the self‐organizing maps technique. The synoptic patterns were compared with air temperature observations from coastal and glacial sites on James Ross Island, northeastern AP, in the period 2005–2015. The most frequent synoptic pattern with a frequency of 13.7% was dominated by a low‐pressure centre in the northwestern Bellingshausen Sea, which extended over the AP to the Weddell Sea. On the other hand, the largest inter‐annual variability was observed for a synoptic pattern with a low‐pressure centre in the southern Bellingshausen Sea. This synoptic pattern also had the highest air temperature anomalies at both investigated sites year‐round. Air temperature anomalies at the lower lying site (Mendel station) were the lowest during a high‐pressure ridge dominating the AP region due to a combination of local and synoptic‐scale processes. At Davies Dome, the glacial site, southerly barrier winds advecting cold air from the ice‐covered Weddell Sea during a strong low‐pressure system in the Weddell Sea ensured the coldest air temperature anomalies.