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Environmentally Friendly Polyamide Nanofiber Membranes with Interconnective Amphiphobic Channels for Seawater Desalination.

Seawater desalination is a promising and sustainable solution to alleviate freshwater scarcity; however, most existing desalination membranes suffer from poor channel interconnectivity and toxic solvent processing and encounter a tradeoff dilemma of salt rejection and water flux. Herein, we report a unique and facile one-step green solvent/nonsolvent spinning methodology to assemble environmentally friendly polyamide nanofiber membranes with a precisely designed interconnective/stable channel structure and surface anti-wettability for seawater desalination. Direct electrospinning without any post-treatments via in situ introduction of fluorinated chemicals enables highly interconnective amphiphobic channels within polyamide membranes, and the incorporation of nonsolvent (diacetone alcohol) into polyamide/solvent (ethanol) spinning solutions endows the green alcohol-based polyamide membranes with a stable bonding structure and small pore size. The resultant green solvent/nonsolvent-spun polyamide nanofiber membranes show impressive liquid entry pressure (120.5 kPa) and vapor permeation (12.5 kg m-2 d-1), achieving robust seawater desalination performance with a salt rejection of 99.97% and permeate flux of 47.4 kg m-2 h-1. The facile one-step solvent/nonsolvent spinning strategy, highly interconnective amphiphobic channels, and green solvent-based environmental friendliness in this work can open opportunities for future polyamide membranes for practical applications in water purification.