{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00411764705882353, 'mean_word_length': 5.276752767527675, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Comparative Performance Analysis of DSDV , AOMDV and ZRP Routing Protocols in VANET using NS 2

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) could be a new communication paradigm that allows the communication between vehicles moving at high speeds on the roads. This has brought new challenges to develop many applications like, traffic engineering, traffic management, broadcasting emergency information to avoid hazardous situations and other user applications. The communication between vehicles is the core concept of VANETs, because the communication between vehicles is used for safety, comfort, and for handling emergency situations as well. Routing protocols are used to carry out communication by routing data between vehicles. There are various categories of routing protocols in VANETs. Based on the topology, there are three types of routing protocols in VANET. They are named as Proactive, Reactive and ZRP routing protocol. The paper presents comparative analysis of existing routing protocols like Ad Hoc on Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). Network Simulator (NS-2) is used to carried out the simulation. The performance evaluation metrics used are packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and throughput. To achieve scalability the simulation is also carried out with varying number of nodes. Simulation results show that AOMDV performs better than DSDV and ZRP protocol by above 14% and 59% respectively in packet delivery ratio and AOMDV, DSDV both perform better than ZRP in terms of Throughput and average End-To-End Delay. Keywords—DSDV, AOMDV, ZRP, NS-2, MANETs, PDR, throughput, end to end delay