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Toward Integrated Pest Management in bivalve aquaculture.

BACKGROUND
Pests of bivalve aquaculture are a challenging problem that can reduce productivity, profitability, and sustainability. A range of pest management approaches have been developed for bivalve aquaculture, but a general absence of guiding frameworks has limited the scale and permanency of implementation. Applying principles of 'Integrated Pest Management' (IPM) could change this paradigm to improve economic and environmental outcomes.


RESULTS
We reviewed existing research and tools for pest management in bivalve aquaculture, with studies grouped under five pillars of IPM: pest ecology (25 studies), bioeconomic cost-benefits (4 studies), continual monitoring (17 studies), proactive prevention (32 studies), and reactive control (65 studies). This body of knowledge, along with insights from terrestrial agriculture, provide a strong foundation for developing and implementing IPM in bivalve aquaculture. For example, IPM principles have been applied by a regional collective of oyster farmers in the US Pacific Northwest to optimise pesticide application and search for other options to control problematic burrowing shrimps. However, IPM has not yet been broadly applied in aquaculture and data gaps and barriers to implementation need to be addressed.


CONCLUSION
Priorities include establishing meaningful pest-crop bioeconomic relationships for various bivalve farming systems and improving the efficacy and operational scale of treatment approaches. An IPM framework could also guide potential step-change improvements through directing selective breeding for resistance to pests, development of bespoke chemical control agents, applying emerging technologies for remote surveillance and farm management, and regional alignment of management interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.