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Study of populations of Carum carvi seeds in the climatic conditions of the northern Trans-Urals

Abstract. The authors present the results of a study of the genetic characteristics of Carum carvi seeds (Carum carvi) in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The purpose of the work is to study the genetic resources of medicinal and spicy – aromatic plants of the Northern Trans-Urals, to distinguish endemic forms from Carum carvi populations with valuable economic and biological characteristics. The area of priority areas is the study of this culture with a subsequent increase in the production of medicinal raw materials for the pharmaceutical and food industries. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region at the Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Northern Trans-Urals, a branch of the Federal Research Center of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the SB RAS, the feed production department, endemic forms from Carum carvi populations were studied. The variety Aromatnyy was used as a standard. Methods. Counts and observations were carried out according to the experimental technique. The collection nursery contains 200 samples of endemic forms of the 2nd year of life, of which 12 samples of this species were isolated. Of the forms previously introduced and adapted to local conditions, there were 150 plants of the same species of the 2nd year of life planted in 2017, of which 12 plants were isolated. The plot size is 9 m2. Results. In a collection nursery 350 samples of Carum carvi seeds of ordinary endemic and introduced forms of plants were studied. With the high seed yield and the highest content of essential oils in relation to the standard Aromatnyy variety, in the study of endemic forms, two samples of the second year of life, No. 1-2-2, and No. 1-4-2, were distinguished, and when studying introduced samples by seed productivity, the following were distinguished: No. 12-1-2 and No. 2-4-1 – 27.0 g per plant. The selected population samples for economically useful traits are a valuable genetic source for the yield of raw materials and the accumulation of essential oils.