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Simulations of Solenoid and Electrostatic Quadrupole Focusing of High Intensity Beams from ECR Ion Source

Because of its axisymmetric property and reasonable effectiveness, solenoids have been widely used to focus beams at various injectors. For a multi-component beam with solenoidal focusing, beam quality can be significantly deteriorated due to the magnetic focusing strength dependence on the beam charge-to-mass ratio. Electrostatic quadrupole focusing has been explored as an alternative option at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) for the injection line of the superconducting cyclotrons. We present the results of simulations for both systems.