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Paranasal sinus surgery planning using CT virtual reality

CT virtual reality using volumetric rendering can tag such structures as the nasofrontal ducts, osteomeatal complexes, the middle turbinates, as well as the planned surgical sites in patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for inflammatory disease. Frequently, anatomical landmarks are obscured by overlying disease, making the endoscopic surgeon's job difficult. We have evaluated the use of CT virtual reality of the paranasal sinuses in assisting the surgeon in these types of cases. This paper reviews 25 patients with 40 sites with significant paranasal sinus disease in whom endoscopic surgery was planned. The ability of volumetric virtual reality with the various surgical sites chosen from the preoperative 2D CT's dramatically improved the accuracy of the endoscopic surgeon in localizing their surgical window. In the sphenoid sinus, the addition of CT endoscopy would have allowed the endoscopist to operate on the correct sinus an additional 28% of the time and help them miss vital structures in 25%. In the frontal sinus, CT endoscopy correctly directed the endoscopist to the correct sinus in an additional 44%. The results of this study indicate CT endoscopy may significantly improve the accuracy of endoscopic surgery into the frontal and sphenoid sinuses.