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Health Challenges and Comorbidities Experienced by People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developed Nations: A Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction: Studies have reported the prevalence, incidence and risk of health challenges and comorbidities experienced by people living with HIV (PLHIV) in developed countries. Yet, no systematic review to appraise and summate these studies exists. Methods: Electronic database searches included studies conducted in developed countries which reported health challenges and comorbidities in PLHIV compared to a HIV negative population. Critical appraisal was conducted using the Appraisal Tool for Cross Sectional Studies (AXIS). Results: Eligible studies (n = 51) were of moderate to high methodological quality (range: 7-19/20). PLHIV had increased rates or risk of ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, reduced bone mineral density, lung and anal cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung infections, and peripheral lipodystrophy. Conclusions: In developed countries several health challenges and comorbidities remain of greater concern in PLHIV compared to HIV negative individuals. Evidence for other comorbidities remains limited or inconclusive, and requires further research.