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Explicit upwind difference schemes for lossy multiconductor transmission lines

Written in a conservation law form, the time domain multiconductor transmission line (MTL) equations are solved by splitting the fluxes and using a second order accurate upwind differencing technique. The solutions of the initial and boundary value problems are compared to those obtained by employing the standard finite difference time domain (FDTD) scheme based on the Yee version of the leap-frog method. For any general explicit numerical scheme, for a given MTL, only the fastest propagating mode can be solved for at the Courant number of the scheme. This causes the other slower modes to disperse. The results of our comparisons, show that the upwind scheme produces much less numerical dispersion for the slower propagating modes than the standard FDTD scheme. In addition, the Courant number of the second order upwind scheme is twice of that of the investigated FDTD schemes. These advantages make the second order upwind scheme a better tool to model any MTL with linear terminations.