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Age at marriage and fertility.

Women who marry in their mid or upper 20s tend to have fewer children than women who marry earlier. Although age at marriage is now less important than deliberate use of modern methods of birth control in determining how many children a couple will have age at marriage nevertheless will be particularly important for the next 2 decades. The reason for this is that there will be more than 1 billion young people of marriageable age--roughly 15-29 years old--in the developing countries. First in Europe then in Japan and now in a number of other Asian countries delayed marriage has had an important effect in limiting population growth because it means 1) a shorter period of reproductive life exposed to the possibility of pregnancy and 2) a longer interval between generations. At the same time if women postpone marriage from age 16 to age 19 for example or from 18 to 21 that delay means that 1) women can stay in school longer and acquire skills and training for income-generating jobs 2) women can work before marriage to contribute to their own and their families income or savings and 2) women can enter marriage with greater emotional and physical maturity to meet the challenges of family life. The authors observe that rising age at marriage has been associated in the past with response to stress but they envisage the possibility that response to the opportunity to be educated and to work productively may also cause age at marriage to rise. The report which they present contains data on age at marriage and fertility collected from Asia the Middle East Africa and Latin America.