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Pyriform bovine spermatozoa and fertilization potential.

Quality of a bull's semen is generally predicted by analyzing the concentration, motility, and morphological integrity of the spermatozoa in semen samples. Morphological abnormalities involving the head or tail of the sperm have been shown to cause a reduction in fertility (1-3). In cattle, the most common abnormality in the shape of the head is the pyriform defect; however, whether the reduction in fertility is due to the inability of these spermatozoa to fertilize or the inability of the zygote to survive postfertilization events is unknown at present. The acrosomal region of the classical pyriform head is full and rounded, and the postacrosomal region is narrow (4). It has generally been accepted that pyriform spermatozoa are abnormal, because increased levels of pyriform heads are frequently present in infertile and subfertile bulls with disturbed spermatogenesis (2). The overall incidence of this defect in Canadian beef and artificial insemination bulls of varying ages has been reported to be approximately 10%, with 1.3% of the bulls showing more than half of their spermatozoa with the pyriform defect (2). Pyriform head defects usually occur as a result of abnormal testicular functions through disturbances in intratesticular heat regulation or endocrine balance (2,5). Recently, it has been shown that pyriform spermatozoa appear in the semen of normal bulls 3 to 4 wk after treatment with dexamethasone or testicular insulation (5). It has also been shown that there may be