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Domestic Violence Recent Research (2004–2005) Part III: Risk Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment

The causes of and reasons for spousal abuse are many. There is the need to abuse in order to control and hence to assert power by preventing the victim from seeking a greater say in the relationship. Abusers are often jealous and possessive, preventing their partners from having contacts outside their relationship. Abusers often belittle and isolate their partner and make them feel inept, worthless and dependent. Sometimes abusers have alcohol or substance abuse problems. The reaction of the victims is to become dependent, fearful and to develop low self-esteem. Numerous psychological problems also develop in victims. The following important individualised goals must be achieved to protect victims. First, and most importantly, is to safeguard victims from abuse, providing treatment for the victim and children as well as for the abuser. This must be done individually rather than as a couple. Perpetrators must not only accept that what they do is wrong, and that there must be zero tolerance in relation to this, but they must also learn to develop the capacity to change both attitudes and behaviour. They need to learn to deal with their anger and to attend treatment on the basis of this. Legal action is also vital.