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Numerical Simulation of Traffic-Related Brain Injuries

In this thesis, it is proposed that a model of the human head is studied to investigate brain 
injuries. The geometry model consists of three layers of different materials, the skull, the 
cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) and the brain. The aim of the thesis is to try to understand the 
injury mechanism in a frontal impact on the head focusing on the special behavior of the 
CSF and its interaction with the brain. To make this possible, the computational fluid 
dynamics software Ansys CFX has been coupled with the finite element software called 
Ansys WORKBENCH. The connection between them permits the transfer of loads from 
the skull to the fluid and from the fluid to the brain. 
In addition, several theories are proposed to explain why the brain injury is located in the 
frontal part (coup injury) or in the back site of the impact (contra coup injury). To model 
the central nervous system (CNS) different geometries and boundary conditions have been 
performed to simulate a more realistic pattern. However, the simplification of these 
models has been a difficult task due to the complexity of the organic structures and the 
nonlinearity of the materials, especially the brain. The lack of knowledge about 
mechanical properties from organic tissue such as brain tissue, was a problem during all 
the simulations. Previous theses have been written about mechanical brain properties but 
the problem remains in the differences between the tests setups. Further investigations and 
standardized tests are needed to get a better validation of the results.