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Use of endometrial stem cells in regenerative medicine.

During a woman’s lifespan, the endometrium will undergo an average of 400 cycles of near complete regeneration. A growing body of evidence points to the existence of progenitor cells that are responsible for this remarkable feat. Additionally, the endometrium contains a pool of adult multipotent stem cells. The uterus is a particularly convenient source of mesen chymal stem cells that can be used in regenerative medicine. Here, we discuss some exciting recent developments in the field. Adult (or somatic) stem cells (ASCs) located in a given tissue or organ are defined as un differentiated cells that have a capacity for self-renewal and can also differentiate into some or all of the major specialized cell types in that tissue [1]. These cells may also have the potential to be reprogrammed in vitro or in vivo into cell types that are unrelated to their original tissue source. The growing number of US FDAapproved clinical trials that aim to treat various pathologies using ASC-based cellular therapy is an indication of their promise. However, such promise is met with a rising demand for an ideal source of ASCs that is abundant and readily available. Therefore, in recent years, investigators have focused on the endometrium, such as the inner lining of the mammalian uterus, as a potential source of ASCs; its dynamic and renewable nature make it an ideal source of ASCs. Prior to menopause, the endometrium undergoes 400 cycles of near complete regeneration and differentiation after loss at each menses [2,3]. Further, after menopause, this tissue is easily regenerated by administration of estrogen. These remarkable characteristics led scientists years ago to hypothesize that the endometrial basalis (the remaining layer of the endometrium after menstruation) is rich with a population of progenitor cells [4–6]. These cells can be obtained through