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A Synthetic Signal Varied Weight Indicator in Bacteria

Biomolecular computing devices always work in a complex biochemical environment. The weight which shows the importance degree of a specific signal may vary in different environments because it may be influenced by other signals even in the absence of direct interaction. To measure a signal accurately, several biomolecular computing devices always need to be used to detect environmental factors. This study describes a novel method to determine the varied weight of a specific signal in different environments using the differential expression of a gene to avoid using several biomolecular computing devices. We constructed and verified a signal varied weight indicator (SVWI) in the bacterium Escherichia coli using the lac operon, Ptet promoter system, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/DNase-dead Cpf1 system. The SVWI could indicate the varied weight of an isopropyl $\beta $ -d-thiogalactoside signal in three states: existing, non-existing, and existing with another signal of anhydrotetracycline, based on the controllable differential expression of the lacZ gene. It could also be used to indicate three different kinds of environments. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, which is a traditionally used method to detect gene expression levels, was used to detect the results. The experimental results in the wet lab showed that SVWI can implement the expected functions. The SVWI has great potential in the application of biomedical, biocomputing, biosensors, and environmental monitoring. It will also inspire further research on the construction of biomolecular computing devices using controllable differential gene expression.