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Assessment of the risk potential of pyrolysis products in plume produced during laser treatment under OR conditions

Aerosols, vapors, and gases in smoke produced during laser treatments of tissue can be a nuisance to the operating team and the patient and may be the source of potential health hazards. This paper provides information on distribution models as a link between aerosol and gaseous emission and immission to persons in the operating room. In vitro measurements according to this model were performed in an operating scenario. During vaporization of porcine liver with a CO2 laser (20 W cw) respirable fine dust was collected at several measuring points in a typical operating room. The fine dust concentration was acquired at three measuring points both as the mean value of 30 minutes and as six consecutive measurements of five minutes each. Since the maximum concentration was measured above the treated surface the operating surgeon is likely to aspirate most of the dust. Thus the immission concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOC) typically produced during vaporization was also determined at this measuring point. The measured values were compared to theoretically predicted developments of concentrations of dust and VOC. To estimate the potential health hazards the measured concentrations were related to threshold limits given by the European authorities.