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Triple pathway for induction of chemotaxis in neutrophil leucocytes by guinea-pig immune complexes of different Ig classes.

The authors studied the in vitro chemotactic response of guinea pig neutrophil leucocytes to various amounts of complexes precipitated at equivalence from whole guinea-pig immune sera or their IgG1- or IgG2-containing portions. The dose-response curves show a not-too-simple pattern, compatible with a plurality of activation pathways. The relationship between chemotaxis and complement fixation, the interference produced by inhibitors such as EDTA, EGTA, kaolin, and DFP suggest that at least three mechanisms lead to neutrophil chemotaxis. These are, according to the Ig class involved (a) the direct pathway of complement activation for the IgG2 complexes, (b) the alternate pathway for IgG1 complexes, high doses being more efficient, and (c) activation of one or several sequences of the ‘contact system’ of coagulation (initiated by Hageman factor) for IgG1 complexes, mainly effective at low doses.