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"On water": unique reactivity of organic compounds in aqueous suspension.

impact on the ground state than on the transition state. The importance of hydrogen bonding in the acceleration of Diels–Alder reactions in aqueous solution is supported by both experimental [31] and theoretical [32] studies. However, it seems that many of the reactions described above are simply too fast for the acceleration to be solely due to solution-phase phenomena. In this regard, the observed requirement for heterogeneity and the finding that the rates of reactions “on water” often exceed those of the same reactions performed in the absence of solvent demand attention. Perhaps the unique properties of molecules at the macroscopic phase boundary between water and insoluble hydrophobic oils play a role. [33] The same principles that contribute to solution-phase effects may be amplified at such phase boundaries, but other factors, such as the redistribution of surface species driven by surface-tension energetics, [34] may also be relevant. We plan to keep exploring the “on water” phenomenon both for practical applications and mechanistic understanding.