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An Improved Flooding Scheme for AODV Routing Protocol in MANETs

MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) refers to a set of wireless mobile nodes that can communicate and move at the same time but without the aid of any centralized management or existing infrastructure such as base station. Each node will act as a router and can forward the data packets to other nodes. In MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) broadcasting is an inevitable operation of route discovery. Though the broadcast by flooding is simple but inefficient and also results in redundant message relays. The normal flooding scheme cause high retransmissions which lead to packet collisions and media congestion that can significantly degrade the network performance and throughput. By knowing the geographical position of the mobile nodes, it can help the protocol to reduce the number of retransmissions, thus causing the enhancement of the protocol performance. The proposed flooding algorithm makes use of the nodes position to rebroadcast the packets and efficiently spread the control traffic in the mobile ad hoc network. The algorithm is applied on the Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol for the route discovery process to reduce the number of Route Request (RREQ) messages propagating through the network. The Route Request (RREQ) has been customized by assigning a list to the Route Request (RREQ) contain fourth Nominated Neighbors to Rebroadcast the RREQ (NNRR) and used concept of requested zone and expected Zone to limit area of route discovery. The scheme is improved by means of the efficient update of source and the destination node position to a wider range out of the transmission range of itself. This scheme reduces the routing overhead and improves network throughput.