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Renewable Aromatics from Tree-Borne Oils over Zeolite Catalyst Promoted by Transition Metals.

Despite the ever-growing demand for benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX), the alternative route of production from non-edible oils is rarely investigated and poorly understood. Here, we have synthesized Zn loaded Y-zeolite catalyst for the continuous production of bio-BTX from non-edible seed oil, e.g., Neem oil. Our approach involves low-temperature selective cracking-dehydrogenation-aromatization of the non-edible seed oils over metal-supported catalysts to xylene rich aromatics. Physicochemical properties of the prepared catalyst were characterized using Powder-XRD, N2 physisorption, TEM, NH3-TPD, XPS, Py-FTIR, solid-NMR, and TG analysis. The mesoporous Y-zeolites having pore diameter 7.4 Å showed better selectivity towards aromatic and found the most effective catalyst for the aromatization process, especially for BTX. The aromatic yield found to increase with the addition of Zn, and the highest conversion of 90-94 % with ~75 % BTX yield was achieved with the ZnY catalyst. During aromatization, a sizable number of short alkanes and olefins was also obtained on the acidic Y-zeolites. The off-gas composition shows the presence of ~45 % C2-C4 olefins with 8.9 % H2. The incorporation of Zn species which can promote the dehydrogenation activity where the subsequent aromatization required a suitable pore network. The optimized ZnY catalyst inspires the formation of toluene and xylenes inhabiting the formation of benzene and gaseous alkanes.