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Interaction between Basaltic Melt and Coal Xenoliths in the Trap Intrusion of Mt. Ozernaya (Siberian Platform)


 —Coal fragments in basaltic melt were subjected to degassing, graphitization, and disintegration. As a result, the partial pressure of hydrocarbon (HC) fluids near xenoliths of graphitized coal in the melt increased, which provoked the sialic–mafic segregation of the basaltic melt, the formation of anorthosite–hortonolite association, and the separation of bitumens and ore mineral phases. The fluid-magmatic differentiation of the melt and the formation of ore phases were caused mostly by the reducing properties of HC fluids, their high affinity for metals, and their unique collective capability to adsorb microimpurities from the melt and rocks during migration and to form anomalous mineral and geochemical clusters at geochemical barriers. The diversity of ore mineral phases is due to the extraction of trace elements Fe, As, Ge, Sb, Sn, and S from coal and of Fe, Mg, Cu, Ni, Co, Pt, Pd, Rh, Au, and Ag microimpurities from the basaltic melt.