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Studies of Fission Product Movement in Tuffaceous Media

For approximately 25 years the United States has conducted underground nuclear tests at a site in the state of Nevada. These tests have left a variety of fission products at depths of 100 to 1000 meters below the land surface. The geologic media here consist primarily of tuffs and rhyolites. More than 150 tests were conducted at or below the water table. We are studying locations of past tests to determine whether residual fission products move through the underground environment and, if so, by what mechanisms. Our research involves consideration of leaching, sorption, hydraulic dispersion, fracture flow and colloid transport. The data we obtain are relevant to groundwater contamination and nuclear waste storage issues. In this paper we present information obtained from our research at several different locations within the study site. Specifically, we describe the movement of radionuclides including tritium, {sup 85}Kr, {sup 90}Sr, {sup 106}Ru, {sup 125}Sb, and {sup 137}Cs in situations were groundwater was moving and in which it was relatively static. 15 refs., 2 figs.