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Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing Syndrome Treated with Microvascular Decompression of the Trigeminal Nerve: Case Report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome is a very rare disorder characterized by short-lasting neuralgiform unilateral pain affecting the orbital-periorbital area and associated with autonomic phenomena consisting mainly of conjunctival injection, tearing, and rhinorrhea. Treatment of this condition is difficult; many drugs and surgical procedures have been tried with variable results. In the literature, two cases have been described with short-term response to microvascular decompression of the trigeminal root. We present the case of a patient with short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome who remains asymptomatic 2 years after microvascular decompression. CLINICAL PRESENTATION:A 56-year-old woman was referred to our clinic because she had experienced pain in the distribution of the first left trigeminal branch during the previous 2 years. She experienced paroxysms lasting from a few seconds to 1 to 2 minutes superimposed over a dull sensation of pain involving the same territory. The paroxysms had no refractory period and were triggered by touching the eye or the left side of the face, chewing, yawning, washing her hair, and even by light. Although the paroxysms were triggered by light touch or chewing, she was able to talk or touch herself while having the paroxysm. During pain attacks, she experienced tearing and ipsilateral conjunctival injection, eyelid edema and rhinorrhea, as well as intense photophobia. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a vascular structure distorting and compressing the trigeminal root. INTERVENTION:The patient underwent microvascular decompression of the trigeminal root. At surgery, there was clear compression of the trigeminal root by a superior cerebellar artery loop that was resolved by interposing a Teflon patch. The patient awoke from the operation without pain, and all the accompanying signs and symptoms, such as photophobia, disappeared. The postoperative course was uneventful, and 2 years after treatment, the patient remains asymptomatic. CONCLUSION:Microvascular decompression could be an alternative therapeutic approach to this rare syndrome.