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Dynamic congested traffic states of lattice hydrodynamic model with an on-ramp and its immediate upstream off-ramp

This paper investigates the features of congested traffic flow near the combination of off-ramp and on-ramp. Firstly, the stochastic off-ramp and on-ramp are designed. Then, a two-lane lattice hydrodynamic traffic flow model coupled with a combination bottleneck is proposed to reproduce the empirical phenomena. In the simulation, the asymmetric-lane change rules were adopted, and many congested traffic flow patterns were observed near the combination bottlenecks, such as homogeneous synchronized traffic (HST), moving localized cluster (MLC), triggered stop-and-go traffic (TSG), oscillating congested traffic (OCT), pinned localized cluster (PLC), and homogeneous congested traffic (HCT). The obtained simulation results suggest that the proposed model is good and can produce the observed congestion spatiotemporal traffic patterns well.