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Overseas Mission, Voluntary Service and Aid to Africa: Max Warren, the Church Missionary Society and Kenya, 1945–63

At the end of the Second World War the Church Missionary Society (CMS) embarked upon a retrenchment programme. Its general secretary, Canon Max Warren, wanted the CMS to adapt to post-war conditions, in Britain and overseas. However, it proved difficult to implement change especially in Kenya: local representatives of Protestant missions and churches were determined to contribute to government plans for African education. Subsequently they also encouraged church and mission participation in official programmes for the ‘rehabilitation’ of Mau Mau detainees. At the same time those representatives, with their counterparts in the UK, planned and implemented a major fund-raising and aid initiative to support both ‘rehabilitation’ and detainees' dependants. Warren meanwhile became involved in the founding of Oversea Service, a lay Christian initiative that attracted interest and support within the Colonial Office. With particular reference to contemporary ideas about mission, voluntary service and overseas aid from Britain, this article examines the complex interplay between missions, church and government in an African colony and in the imperial capital, London.