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The first three seconds

The human auditory system can rapidly process musical information such as, for example: the recognition and identification of sound sources, the deciphering of meter, tempo, mode, and texture, the processing of lyrics and dynamics, the identification of musical style and genre, the perception of performance nuance, and the apprehension of emotional character. Two empirical studies are reported that attempt to chronicle when such information is processed. In the first exploratory study, a diverse set of musical excerpts was selected and trimmed to various durations, ranging from 50 ms to 3000 ms. These samples, beginning with the shortest and ending with the longest, were presented to participants, who were then asked to free associate and talk about any observations that came to mind. Based on these results, a second main study was carried out using a betting paradigm to determine the amount of exposure needed for listeners to feel confident about acquired musical information. The results suggest a rapid unfolding of cognitive processes within a 3-second listening span.