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Energy and Flexibility Scheduling of DERs under TVPP’s Supervision using Market-Based Framework

In this paper, a technical virtual power plant (TVPP) aggregates distributed energy resources (DERs) under its supervision to participates in energy and flexibility markets. The paper presents a two-stage co-optimization framework which in the first stage, the TVPP participates in day-ahead (DA) energy market and specifies the optimal scheduling of the DERs and in the second stage, the TVPP participates in real-time (RT) flexibility market and specifies flexible DERs’ optimal upward and downward flexibility powers. The TVPP aims at maximizing its profit while taking distribution network operational constraints and the customers’ preferences into account. Furthermore, the uncertainties associated with the DERs are considered using scenario-based stochastic approach. The proposed model is mathematically formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) which guarantees obtaining the global optimum solution. The model is implemented on the IEEE RBTS-BUS5 distribution test system and the obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.