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Effect of whole-body x-irradiation on pulmonary bactericidal function.

The mechanisms responsible for the enhanced pulmonary susceptibility to infection following x-irradiation are poorly understood. Since the intrinsic antibacterial mechanisms normally keep the lungs bacteria free, quantitative assessment was made in mice of the impact of sublethal x-irradiation on killing and removal of inhaled bacteria. Mice were irradiated with 500 R and exposed to aerosols of32 P-labeled Staph. aureus at 3, 10, 14, 21, and 31 days postirradiation. Measurements of pulmonary bacterial and radioisotope concentrations 0 and 4 hours after inhalation allowed calculation of the rates of both physical removal and intrinsic pulmonary bacterial killing. Electron microscopic studies of macrophages washed from the lungs, histologic studies of lung sections, and routine hemograms were also performed. Pulmonary bactericidal function was slightly decreased on day 14 and markedly decreased on day 21 (P < 0.01). Bactericidal function was not impaired 3, 10, and 31 days after irradiation. Physical remova...