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Cytotoxicity and Induction of Apoptosis in Melanoma (MDA-MB-435S) Cells by Emodin

: Melanoma is a common cancer of epithelial cell origin which exists in multiple phenotypic forms of skin cancer. Despite several advances in development of new treatment strategies, identification of a cellular target based compound with minimum side effects remains to be explored. In this respect, characterization of plant products, as anti cancer agent, appear to be a viable alternative, however, such compounds need to be screened for their cytotoxic potential against relevant cell lines in vitro. This paper describes the effects of Emodin, an anthraquinone obtained from roots and rhizomes of the polygonaceae plants, against a number of cell lines. As MDA-MB-435S cells (melanoma) showed lowest IC 50 values amongst all the screened out cells, these MDA-MB-435S cells were further investigated for monitoring whether these cells undergo apoptosis due to emodin treatment. The Ethidium Bromide/Acridine Orange (EtBr/AO) staining and comet assay showed significantly enhanced number of cells undergoing apoptosis due to emodin treatment. This was consistent with the enhanced release of M4 Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a known biochemical marker of cell death in vitro. The findings suggest that emodin causes cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-435S cells by inducing apoptosis.