{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02286401925391095, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0024067388688327317, 'mean_word_length': 5.351145038167939, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Optimized economic dispatch in microgrids

This paper aims at developing an economic dispatch optimizer using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for a microgrid system, that can operate in grid-connected or islanded mode. In grid-connected mode, the optimizer provides set-points for dispatch of real power from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the microgrid and purchase of real power from the bulk grid every 15 minutes. The optimization objective is to minimize operating costs of the microgrid while maintaining real power balance. In islanded mode, the optimizer provides setpoints for DERs, battery storage system and load curtailment to maintain reliable real power supply. The optimizer set-points are validated on a three-phase unbalanced microgrid model developed using the distribution system simulator GridLAB-D.