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Mineral phases and processes within green peloids from two Recent deposits near the Congo River Mouth

Abstract In the Recent sediments of the Congo River estuary, the green Fe-bearing peloids containing 7 Å phases are nearer to the river mouth than the 10 Å phyllosilicates. Measurements of d 060 for 7 Å minerals in various density fractions indicated a progressive transformation of kaolinite into trioctahedral 1:1 phyllosilicates in the zone with a high sedimentation rate. Projection of the chemical composition from the approximate crystallochemical formula on to a classification field confirmed the transformation of kaolinite into a 7 Å Fe-rich phase via substitution of Fe2+ and Mg for Al in the octahedral sheet, with insignificant changes in the tetrahedral sheet. The resultant transition phase has a composition closer to greenalite than berthierine. The possible advancement of the evolution process was stopped by massive formation of goethite. The 10 Å minerals formed in the grains deposited in the off-shore sediments have a homogenous composition and occur in association with goethite and quartz. These peloids show an enrichment in Al although no kaolinite is present.