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Changing Patterns of Urban Retailing : The 1920 s

During the 1920s fundamental changes occurred in business institutions responsible for retail distribution. Most significantly, the large urban department store began a period of relative decline and new forms of retailing emerged as strong competitors for sales volume. This paper describes these developments and attempts to show their relationship to the changing structure of American cities and to the changing strategies and structures of retail business institutions. It attempts also to show that changes in urban retailing commonly associated with post-World War II were well underway by the 1920s. First appearing in the third quarter of the 19th century, the department store occupied by 1900 the preeminent position in urban retailing, the consequence in part of the transformation of the city in the late 19th century. Rapid urban population growth and the spread of mass transit lines created a large number of consumers in a concentrated market area. Located at the conver-