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A case of a HBV carrier with HDV superinfection treated by PEG-IFN

A 26-year-old Mongolian woman was admitted to our hospital because of liver dysfunction. As she has been a HBV carrier, acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B seemed to be the cause of liver dysfunction at first. However, the loads of serum HBV-DNA on admission were low (2.8 log copy (cid:2) m l ). As she was pregnant, she was observed without treatment. Liver function once improved without treatment, but it became worse again after delivery. At this time, it was suspected HDV superinfection could affect the liver dysfunction. For HDV-RNA was positive in stored sera by RT-PCR, she was diagnosed as HBV and HDV superinfection and started treatment with Peg-IFN. Although HDV infection is rare in Japan, in case of acute exacerbation of a HBV carrier with low serum HBV-DNA level, HBV and HDV superinfection should be considered.