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Residual Beam Squint Effect of a Photonic Supported Beam Steering Scheme Based on Continuously Tuneable Mach-Zehnder Interferometers

In this paper, we assess by simulation the residual beam squint effect of a millimeter-wave (mmWave) beam forming scheme of a phased array antenna (PAA) receiver supported by a continuously tunable Mach-Zehnder interferometer (CT-MZI). The CT-MZI provides a delay that depends on the operating frequency. Therefore, a high bandwidth signal will experience a non-constant group delay over its bandwidth, which leads to residual beam squint. Our simulation results show that the residual beam squint can significantly affect system performance.