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An improved Senarmont retardation analysis method

The phase difference between two plane polarized light rays whose electric field vectors (planes of polarization) are at right angles is often determined by Senarmont analysis. In this analysis, a quarter‐wave plate whose vibration axes lie at an azimuth of ±45° to the planes of polarization of the two rays is inserted. The rotation of the analyser that leads to extinction is then determined by manual adjustment. This classical method has been significantly improved by, instead, measuring light intensities at thirty‐two evenly spaced analyser angles which span 180° of analyser rotation. An unbiased estimate of the phase difference may then be extracted with high accuracy by analysis as a designed experiment.