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CD40 Ligation Ablates the Tolerogenic Potential of Lymphoid Dendritic Cells1

The outcome of dendritic cell (DC) presentation of P815AB, a tolerogenic tumor/self peptide, depends on a balance between the respective immunogenic and tolerogenic properties of myeloid (CD8α−) and lymphoid (CD8α+) DC. We have previously shown that CD8− DC can be primed by IL-12 to overcome inhibition by the CD8+ subset and initiate immunogenic presentation in vivo when the two types of peptide-pulsed DC are cotransferred into recipient hosts. IFN-γ enhances the inhibitory activity of CD8+ DC on Ag presentation by the other subset, blocking the ability of IL-12-treated CD8− DC to overcome suppression. We report here that CD40 ligation on lymphoid DC ablated their inhibitory function on Ag presentation as well as IFN-γ potentiation of the effect. CD40 modulation of IFN-γ action on lymphoid DC involved a reduction in IFN-γR expression and tryptophan-degrading ability. This effect was accompanied in vitro by an impaired capacity of the CD40-modulated and IFN-γ-treated DC to initiate T cell apoptosis. In vivo, not only did CD40 triggering on lymphoid DC abrogate their tolerogenic activity, but it also induced the potential for immunogenic presentation of P815AB. Importantly, a pattern similar to P815AB as well as CD40 modulation of lymphoid DC function were observed on testing reactivity to NRP, a synthetic peptide mimotope recognized by diabetogenic CD8+ T cells in nonobese diabetic mice.