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Compositional analysis with inner-shell ionisation by radioisotopic β-rays

By uniform mixing of beta -ray emitters (about 0.5 MBq or less) in a sample and observation of characteristic K X-rays with a solid state detector, the relative amount of each component (Z>15) can be conveniently determined within experimental errors of only a few per cent. The typical detection threshold found in the experiment is 50 ppm for elements around Z=40. The shake-off process accompanying beta -decay, by which determinations of the relative amounts of components in different samples can be made, is also discussed.