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UHF reader antenna for near and far field RFID operation

In order to detect the RFID tags kept inside an enclosure, the reader antenna needs to couple energy into another antenna kept in the near-field region. To detect the tags placed in the far-field, the reader antenna should have a good gain. In such applications it is useful to have an antenna which can operate in both far field and near field, and the requirements of the two regions compete with each other. In this work modification to a loop antenna is proposed such that it can operate in both near and far-field. The performance of the proposed antenna is compared with that of several other antennas by measuring the read range of RFID tags. It is found that the proposed antenna performs better in comparison with the other antennas when detecting the tags placed inside an enclosure. When operating as a far-field antenna, its performance is very close to that of a conventional RFID reader antenna, which is optimized only for far-field operation.