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Agreement and disagreement 
in the light of the theory of speech acts

The article examines the place occupied by agreement and disagreement in 
speech activity. The background for solving this urgent problem is the theory of 
speech acts. Examples from Russian fiction and colloquial speech are used as 
factual material. It is shown that the categories of agreement and disagreement 
can act as: a) independent replicas that regulate the development of dialogue 
(such as Russian Da and Net); b) semantic presuppositions that are part of some 
speech acts (approval, surprise, permission, indignation, etc.); c) dominant linguistic and psychological attitudes in the production of the text; d) features that 
characterize the language personality. Combinations of agreement or disagreement with other meanings mask these intentions, and the recipient, in order to 
understand the text correctly, must restore the entire chain of propositions used 
by the speaker. It also describes the situation of neutralization of agreement and 
disagreement, due to either the complexity of the discursive conditions, or the personal qualities of the speaker. The connection of these situations with the 
phenomena of hedging and empathy, which are tuning of interpersonal relations 
in the group, is noted. It is concluded that agreement and disagreement are complex, multi-level communicative categories.