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The roles of C-apolipoproteins in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

Dietary triglyceride carried on chylomicrons, and hepatic-synthesized triglyceride carried on verylow-density lipoproteins (VLDL), are hydrolysed at the capillary endothelium of peripheral tissues by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The enzyme is synthesized in and secreted from tissues such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and migrates to the capillary endothelium. Abnormalities of production and of clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may result in hypertriglyceridaemia with consequences to the individual. Polypeptide components of lipoproteins At least eight apolipoproteins have been identified and their characteristics are given in Table 1. They are distributed non-uniformly throughout the lipoprotein classes. The major apoprotein components of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are apoproteins A-I and A-II and that of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is apoprotein B. A third group of apoproteins, the C-apoproteins, are associated with HDL, VLDL and chylomicrons and can be structurally divided into apoprotein C-I, C-I1 and C-111. All the apoproteins have been assigned, with varying certainty, specific functions in lipoprotein metabolism. This editorial will be concerned with the C-apoproteins, and their role in the regulation of lipoprotein lipase and the pathophysiology of hypertriglyceridaemia.