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Self-Destructive Behavior and the Hereafter

Self-destructive behavior is commonplace. In this issue, Elizabeth L. Jeglic, Holly A. Vanderhoff, and Peter J. Donovick (2005) discuss self-harm behavior in a forensic population. They depict four main functions of self-harm behaviors including (a) suicidal intent, (b) manipulation of the environment, (c) emotion regulation, and (d) a response to psychotic delusions or hallucinations. These functions, though to a somewhat lesser degree, are found in the general population as well. Quite likely, self-mutilation serves more than one function simultaneously. Part of the difficulty in understanding the reasons behind the behavior lies in the overdetermined nature of it. The late Dr. Karl A. Menninger (1938) wrote extensively about man’s selfdestructiveness. Menninger was renowned as dean of American psychiatry. He agreed with Freud’s postulation of a death instinct. In Man Against Himself, Menninger wrote,