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Driver's characteristics for map information representation (North up map/heading up map) in navigation displays

Driver characteristics for two kinds of map information representation (North-up map and Heading-up map) of in-vehicle navigation system (IVNS) are investigated. Field experiments and laboratory experiments are both conducted. The driver's behavior is investigated by eye movement and subjective evaluation. The results imply that the driver's visiblity is influenced by the cognitive characteristics of the driver, and that the map representation should adapt to the driver's spatial orientation.