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Amlodipine for the Medical Treatment of Adult-Onset Diffuse Nesidioblastosis.

DISCUSSION The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PCD of PAAF in SAP. The roles of the PCD in decreasing IAP and mediating inflammation, which may be of benefit in these patients, were evaluated. Percutaneous catheter drainage, an alternative procedure described in the current WSACS consensus, was considered to be a less invasive technique for reducing IAP and potentially restoring end-organ perfusion. However, both prospective and retrospective studies of the role of PCD in early-stage SAP patients have been published only rarely. The present study showed that PCD led to an immediate decrease in IAP from 16.77 ± 0.27 to 14.62 ± 0.31 mmHg, which was in accord with the clinical observations. Pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid can induce inflammatory cytokines and enhance the inflammatory response associated with SAP. In the present study, the PCD group showed a less increase or a greater decrease in hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 compared with the changes observed in the control group, and the trends suggested an antiinflammatory effect of the PCD. Organ failure indicates poor prognosis of SAP. However, no trend of reducing organ failure and in-hospital death was observed. We tentatively put forward that increasing the sample size may help determine its roles. In conclusion, this study showed the role of PCD of PAAF in decreasing IAP and decreasing serum hs-CRP and inflammatory cytokines. This procedure may benefit patients with SAP. However, the exact role of the procedure in early-stage SAP requires further investigation in randomized controlled trials with more enrolled cases.