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Retrospective Study of Clinical Profile, Endoscopic Profile and in Hospital Mortality in Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Tertiary Care Centre in South India

Introduction: Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a lifethreatening emergency that remains a common cause of hospitalization worldwide. The aetiology of acute upper gastrointestinal bleed (UGIB) varies with each geographical region. Study aimed to analyse clinical profile, endoscopic profile and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Material and methods: This was a retrospective analysis conducted in a Tertiary care centre in Bangalore. In this study we analysed the records of consecutive patients admitted with Upper Gastro-Intestinal bleeding over period of three years from January 2016 till January 2019. Results: We analysed two thirty consecutive patients diagnosed with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 77.4% patients were males and 22.6% were females, mean age of presentation was 49.10 years. Most of the patients, one seventy-three (75%) were between the age group of 3170 years. Melena was the most common symptom 80.4% followed by hematemesis 47%. History of chronic alcohol intake was noted in ninety three (40.4%) and smoking in sixty five (28.3%), medication history depicted that sixteen (6.92%) patients were on NSAIDS; fifteen (6.49%) patients were on anti-platelet drugs, five (2.1%) patients were on steroids, one (0.4%) patient was on Newer Oral Anti Coagulants. Conclusion: The present study reported peptic ulcer disease as the most common cause of upper GI bleeding, followed by portal hypertension related bleeding. The most common endoscopic lesions reported were esophageal varices, followed by duodenal ulcer. Upper G.I endoscopy is an important modality in both diagnosis and therapy in upper G.I bleed, concomitant medical and Endoscopic therapy may reduce mortality, morbidity and also the need for surgery/ interventional radiology assisted haemostasis.