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Investigation of the Mechanical Strength of Cell-plastics Fabricated Using Unicellular Green Algal Cells and Varying Weight Ratios of Biodegradable Polybutylene Succinate

Petroleum-derived plastics are currently indispensable; however, they are non-recyclable and exhaustible. Despite global progress in the research and development for biodegradable green plastics using recyclable resources, green plastics are unable to replace petroleum-derived plastics so far because of the costs involved in the extraction and purification processes. Due to the increasing demand for the development of innovative green plastics, cell-plastic composed of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as an ingredient and biodegradable compounds as fillers was proposed as a novel green plastic. For a carbon-recycling system in the future, C. reinhardtii is advantageous due to higher growth activity using CO2 gas in atmosphere compared to other terrestrial plants. In addition, the rigidity of its cell wall would prevent the reduction of a mechanical strength of the cell-plastics. Green plastics made of organic polymers are expensive because of high producing cost. On the other hand, the plastics made of green algae, instead of organic polymers, would be expected reducing the price. Thus, the purpose of this study was to clarify whether the cell-plastics produced by substituting organic polymers with algal cells could perform mechanical and physical properties similar to existing plastics products. As a filler for cell-plastics, biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS), which form a self-standing film, was chosen in this study. PBS cell-plastics were examined for their following mechanical and physical properties: Young's modulus, tensile strength, thermal analysis, and surface hydrophilicity. PBS cell-plastic (1:1) composed of 50% PBS (w/w) exhibited the potential to replace petroleum-derived plastics such as low-density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. This study introduces the practical possibility of PBS cell-plastics as green plastics.