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Comparison of expression of CD1a and CD68 markers in skin leishmaniasis samples with positive and negative Leishman body.

BACKGROUND
Leishmaniasis is one of the most important infectious illnesses around the world. Given the high commonness of this disease, specifically its skin type in Iran and due to the role of the Leishman bodies in diagnosis, the aim of present study was evaluating the expression of two CD1a and CD68 markers in cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions with and without Leishman bodies.


METHODS
In this case-control study, 70 skin samples of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (35 patients with Leishman body as case group and 35 patients without Leishman boy as control group) were investigated during 2018-2019. The expression of CD1a and CD68 markers and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) were investigated in this study.


RESULTS
The expression of CD1a in the group with Leishman body was significantly higher than group without Leishman body (P=0.01), but there was no significant difference between groups as expression of CD68 (P=0.40). The frequency of hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, exocytosis, acanthosis, spongiosis, hydropic degeneration of basal cell layer, lichenoid reaction, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, ulcer, thinning of the epidermis, mononuclear cells, and extension of inflammation into lower dermis in the group with Leishman body was higher than group without Leishman body (P<0.05).


CONCLUSION
The expression of CD1a and other morphological findings help to diagnose the difference between leishmaniasis with and without Leishman body.