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THE DEPLOYMENT OF VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) TO PROMOTE GREEN BURIAL

Population projections for Hong Kong suggest that the city will accommodate 8.22 million people in 2043. One in every three people are expected to be older than 65 in 2066. The long-held Chinese traditions for burial of deceased with reverence and honour, coupled with the chronic land shortage have presented an excessive demand for cemetery space. Niches are seldom recycled, and the inadequate supply of new columbarium niche requires the family of the deceased to consider an alternative way for keeping cremated ashes. To ease the demand, “green burial” has been launched and promoted by the HKSAR government through different print and social media. Currently, scattering of cremains in Gardens of Remembrance or at sea are the two common ways to perform green burial. The public acceptance of green burial is still questionable and is under-researched. This study is going to deploy innovative technology, virtual reality (VR) to increase physical and psychological fidelity in highly resembled scenarios for the people. On one hand, VR gives immeasurable value to people when they are enabled to navigate different circumstances (physical fidelity) before considering the use of green burial. On the other hand, VR enables the people to engage in different mental processes (psychological fidelity) replicated from an array of cognitive reaction and sentiments with the choice of green burial. In order to optimize the configuration of the VR settings, we will conduct a face-toface, semi-structured and in-depth interview with different practitioners. In the study, we explore: (1) To what extent the enhancement of physical fidelity of innovative technologies debunk public’s misconception of green burial? (2) To what extent the enhancement of psychological fidelity of innovative technologies debunk public’s misconception of green burial? (3) To what extent the simulated experience derived from innovation technologies change the public acceptance of green burial?


INTRODUCTION
In Hong Kong, the current population has almost reached 7.4 million. The population growth rate will be at 0.6% in the forthcoming years. By 2043, the population in Hong Kong is expected to reach a peak of 8.22 million. We expect that elderly persons will make up around 30% of the total Hong  Table 1. Police and the coroner court will also be involved.

2.THE ARRANGEMENTS OF CREMATION AND BURIAL
In 2019, there were more than 120 licensed undertakers

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In our study, we mainly employed a qualitative approach.
Specifically, the researchers carried out 18 semi-structured, in-depth face-to-face interviews with the main personnel concerned with the development of green burial in Hong Kong. Due to confidentiality agreements, the interviewees' particulars are excluded in the study. The interviewees included funeral logistics firm, funeral service providers (e.g., cemeteries, funeral director), a religious group (e.g., Catholic, Priest, Christian, Pastor, Buddhist), health service professionals (e.g., rehabilitation therapist, elderly home), secondary school teacher (e.g., religious education), counselors, and general public (e.g., family of the deceased, boat people who is living on boats).
The interview questions focused on exploring the major consideration in choosing between green burial and traditional burial; further promotional strategies to increase the public awareness of green burial; and the simulation experience derived from innovation technologies (i.e., VR) (i.e., contents, special effects, layout design, and scenario) to change the public acceptance of green burial.  The interviewees also highlighted that the family member will face the complex procedures when it compulsorily requires the removal of human remains from graves which have been interred in the public cemeteries for over six years. In the case of remains not exhumed after expiry of the exhumation order, the Government will, disinter them, cremate the remains and re-inter the ashes in the Communal Grave. [5] In other words, traditional burial creates a serious problem of unclaimed bodies. Besides, the migration problem and the distant relationships with the family and relative members lead the citizens to revisit and think about the use of green burial rather than traditional burial. Thus, the interviewees addressed that the green burial would make them more comfortable in the afterlife.

THE CONCEPT OF GREEN BURIAL
On the other hand, the green burial still fails to become mainstream and develops relatively slow progress. The public acceptance of green burial is still a questionable issue. In 2016, the Office of the Ombudsman criticized that the FEHD implemented an ineffective green burial serviced. In Table 2, the usage of green burial service between 2016 and 2018 is described.

DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN OF VR
The authors propose to deploy the green burial with VR: (1) The VR program not only will allow the public to experience the context under controllable conditions, but it will also provide a safe environment for them to understand green burial; (2) The program can be conducted repeatedly without the need to demonstrate with real situation that may be undesirable to the public; (3) It eliminates wasting of resources involved in real cases that meet the spirits of green; and (4) The VR program allows the simulated environment to provide a natural feeling. Figure 1 illustrates the workflow of the deployment framework of the VR for green burial. In our development, the process is divided into 9 major steps as follows:  Finally, lighting for the virtual scenes, materials and textures will be assigned to the 3D models for rendering.
After the content design is completed, computer programming will be conducted to create the VR

PHYSICAL FIDELITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FIDELITY
Currently, FEHD promotes green burial by using traditional promotional tools and channels, for instance, poster, video, leaflets, newspapers, TV programs, and website. During our interview process, most of the interviewees addressed that these promotional tools failed to persuade them to change their mindset from using traditional burial to green burial.
The rationale behind is that they are unable to perceive the value of green burial through the process and understand how the green burial generates the peace, joy and dignity after the end of life. Through using VR, it can foster green burial that creates physical fidelity and psychological fidelity to make people understand the birth and death process.
The prevailing skepticism within the medical community towards VR as training tool led to low acceptance in the 90's. [6] The advancement of IT facilitates the adoption of VR in healthcare and medical training and has been widely accepted with its positive impacts to improve patients' safety. [7] Previous studies showed that high-fidelity  Hongkongers' customs to visit a grave. In terms of the right promotional channels, FEHD can collaborate with elderly home to give more information to the elderly and their parents/relatives. Also, FEHD attempts to engage with religious groups, secondary schools and tertiary institutions to deliver life education to address the value of green burial by the adoption of VR. Green burial may be appropriate to deliver a message to young generations, persons who take care of elderly, and the person who is eligible for senior citizen card (i.e., aged 65 or above).