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Neurophysiological Reduction, Psychological Explanation and Neuropsychology

are functionally characterized in the sense that they are individuated primarily by reference to their alleged causal consequences. Psychological states are inferred in order to account for whatever behavioural capacities the organism can be demonstrated to possess. In the second phase, one specifies those neuro-physiological systems that do, in fact, exhibit the functional characteristics enumerated in the first phase. The psychologist ’looks inside’ the organism to see whether the nervous system contains structures capable of performing the alleged psychological functions. Fodor has taken this to show that psychological theories are not micro-