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Chapter 2 Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology 2 . 1 Functional Anatomy of the Heart

There is a wealth of unanalyzed data stored in patient records that could yield insight into a patient's cardiovascular state during surgery and causes of fluctuations in hemodynamics. Recent work suggests that time spent outside a certain blood pressure range corresponds to an increased risk of adverse outcomes after surgery. An analysis of blood pressures recorded during surgery could also be tied to patient fluid responsiveness, pulse pressure variability (PPV) can be a predictor of fluid responsiveness in surgical patients. Thus, a comparison of physiological variables such as cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and PPV of patients who experience adverse outcomes to those who do not could help explain the link between adverse outcomes and intraoperative blood pressure variations. Data from patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery was used to investigate intraoperative hemodynamics. Patients were separated into two groups: those who experienced adverse outcomes within 30 days of surgery (cases) and those who did not (controls). A comparison of blood pressure values extracted from patient data revealed that cases had higher systolic and lower diastolic values during surgery. CO and TPR were computed from these data but a comparison of variability for the two groups yielded no conclusive results. Thesis Supervisor: George C. Verghese Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering Thesis Supervisor: Thomas Heldt Title: Research Scientist