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The application of psychotherapeutic and self psychology principles to hostage negotiations.

Self psychology provides valuable insights into the dynamics that underlie hostage situations and negotiations. Recognition of the similarities between negotiations and psychotherapy further clarifies the complex interactions that occur. The importance of empathy and the development of selfobject relationships will have a significant impact on the resolution of the incident. Recognition of selfobject transferences and the indicators of self fragmentation will help to guide the negotiator and mental health consultants in their conduct of the negotiations. The complex relationships that develop between hostage-taker, hostages, and negotiators can all be understood within the framework of self psychology, leading to the more effective management of these situations.