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Remacemide hydrochloride as an add-on therapy in epilepsy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of three dose levels (300, 600 and 1200 mg / day) in a Q.I.D. regimen

Remacemide hydrochloride is a low-affinity, non-competitive NMDA receptor channel blocker under investigation for the treatment of epilepsy. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study assessed the safety and efficacy of adjunctive remacemide hydrochloride or placebo, in adult patients with refractory epilepsy who were already taking up to three antiepileptic drugs (including an enzyme-inducer). Patients (n= 262) were randomized to one of three doses of remacemide hydrochloride (300, 600 or 800 mg/day) or placebo, in a B.I.D. regimen, for up to 14 weeks. Plasma concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenytoin (PHT) were controlled throughout. Patients recorded their seizures on a diary card. There was an increase in the percentage of responders (defined as a reduction in seizure frequency from baseline > or = 50 %), from 15 % (9/60) with placebo, to 30 % (18/60) in the 800 mg/day group. A pairwise comparison between remacemide hydrochloride 800 mg/day and placebo was statistically significant (P = 0.049). Most reported adverse events (mainly CNS and gastrointestinal) were mild or moderate in severity and dose-dependent. Adjunctive remacemide hydrochloride treatment was associated with a higher, dose-related responder rate compared with placebo. The difference reached significance at the highest dose tested (800 mg/day). Remacemide hydrochloride was well tolerated.