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Raman spectroscopic signature of the cardiovascular commitment and cardiac phenotypes of mouse embryonic stem cells differentiated towards the cardiovascular lineage

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful optical technology that can be used to generate biochemical profiles of living cells. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was employed as a non‐invasive approach for the characterization of murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and their cardiac derivatives, such as cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs). mESCs were differentiated towards the cardiovascular fate yielding CPCs as well as spontaneously beating CMs. Raman spectra of the in vitro‐differentiated cells were compared to spectra generated from isolated fetal and adult murine CMs. All Raman spectra displayed a unique pattern for all cardiovascular phenotypes. Interestingly, the Raman spectra of spontaneously beating mESC‐derived CMs and CMs isolated from murine fetal hearts showed similar spectral patterns; however, both were distinct when compared to the spectra of adult CMs. Raman spectra of CPCs also exhibited similarities to those of CMs, whereas non‐CPCs did not.