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Early induction of GAD65‐reactive Th2 response in type 1 diabetic children treated with alum‐formulated GAD65

We have previously shown that two injections of 20 µg alum‐formulated glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) (GAD‐alum; Diamyd®) in children with recent‐onset type 1 diabetes lead to preservation of residual insulin secretion. In vitro cytokine production at the 15 months' follow‐up indicated immunomodulation. In the present study, we took advantage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cryopreserved during early follow‐ups, to investigate whether the immunomodulatory effect of GAD‐alum was apparent earlier after treatment, preceding the changes previously reported at 15 months.