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Factors influencing caring behavior among registered nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: A qualitative study using the COM-B framework.

AIM
To explore the influencing factors of nurses' caring behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation as determinants of Behavior) theoretical framework.


BACKGROUND
Nurse caring behavior is vital to reduce and speed up the healing process of COVID-19 patients. It is important to understand the factors that influence caring behavior among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research suggests that when it comes to understanding behavior, using a theoretical framework is likely to be most effective, and the COM-B framework is a recommended approach.


METHODS
Semi-structured interviews with 42 nurses working in 11 Chinese cities conducted, their verbatim statements were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results were mapped to COM-B framework.


RESULTS
Ten key themes emerged. Capability - professional knowledge and skills; emotional intelligence; cross-cultural care competence. Opportunity - resources; organizational culture; social culture. Motivation - past experience; character; role; beliefs.


CONCLUSIONS
Ten factors were found to influence nurses' caring behavior. This study added two new influencing factors, social culture and past experiences, that further contributed to the understanding of nurses' care behaviors.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nurses' caring behavior is influenced not only by themselves, but also by institutions and society, so interventions aiming to improve their caring behavior should consider these elements. The negative impact of the pandemic on capability factors that influence nurses' caring behavior should be counteracted as soon as possible.