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Ecological observations on grass leaf mining flies in New Zealand

Grass leaf mining flies were reared from two sites in Auckland city, at Oakley Creek walkway (over 2 years) and at Mount Albert Research Centre (in the second year only), from grasses collected monthly from October to February (year 1) and August to February (year 2). Hydrellia tritici (Ephydridae) was uncommon at both sites, whereas Ceradontha angustipennis (Agromyzidae) was the most abundant fly at Oakley Creek except in midsummer when C. australis was most numerous. The latter tended to be more numerous all year at Mount Albert. The flies were most numerous in late spring to early summer. Although apparently suitable hosts were available in summer, leaf mines became difficult to find in February. Flies were also reared from grasses in indigenous, secondary growth forest in the Waitakere Ranges, West Auckland, and the first host plant was found for Hydrellia velutinifrons. New host plants were found for each fly species: the number of host species for C. angustipennis increases from one to eight; for C. australis from five to 10; and for H. tritici from three to five. No indigenous host has been found for C. angustipennis.