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Mapping and Identification of Native Proteins of Developing Teeth in Mouse Mandibles.

Mass spectrometry imaging is a powerful tool of increasing utility due to its ability to spatially resolve molecular biomarkers directly from tissue surfaces. One hindrance to its universality is that no single protocol is sufficient for every tissue type, fixation and pre-treatment. Mineralized tissues are uniquely challenging as extensive decalcification protocols are necessary to achieve thin sections. In this study, we optimized a method to image tryptic peptides by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry of decalcified, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mouse hemi-mandibles. Using a combination of on-tissue MS/MS and hydrogel extraction LC-MS/MS, peptides from the enamel, dentin, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, pulp, and other regions are identified and mapped. This breakthrough method provides a comprehensive approach to biomarker discovery in dental and craniofacial tissues which is highly relevant given that diseases originating from this region of the body are the most prevalent across all populations.