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Study on bubble formation at a submerged micro‐hole by a two‐stage model

Abstract In order to increase the accuracy of detached bubble volume prediction and to correct the theoretical weakness in models proposed previously, a modified two‐stage spherical bubble formation model is proposed in this study. This modified model takes account of an important factor, the length‐to‐diameter ratio of the micro‐hole by calculating the orifice constant with an entrance flow effect and expands the applicability of the modified model. Also, experimental tests were conducted to form bubbles at a submerged micro‐hole with diameters ranging from 60 to 1200 μm under variable pressure conditions due to continuous liquid drainage with drain rate ranging from 0.006 to 0.100 ml/s. The improved model indeed increases the ability to predict the detached bubble volume in the present study. Moreover, the results show that the condition for bubble formation in the present study could be shifted from a constant flow condition to a constant pressure condition depending on the orifice constant.