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[Clinical results of the various replacement therapies for chronic renal failure: haemodialysis and renal transplantation].

Results from recent studies have demonstrated that kidney-transplanted patients have better expectation and quality of life than dialysis patients on a waiting list for kidney transplant. Moreover, the scientific literature has conclusively shown that the survival of the patient and of the kidney graft are better in patients who received a kidney from a living donor, than in patients who received a cadaveric kidney. The main factors that may have a negative influence on the kidney transplant are: the recipient's age, diabetes mellitus, smoking and the time spent on dialysis before the transplant. The shortage of cadaveric kidneys and the small number of living kidney transplant are the main obstacles to a more widespread use of kidney transplantation. Kidney transplant from living donors needs to be implemented because it represents the best treatment for patients with kidney failure and it can decrease or even avoid the need for dialysis before kidney transplantation.