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IT'S ONLY LOGICAL: Device combines electrochemistry and microfluidics to create logic gate for sensors

RICHARD M. CROOKS AND HIS group at Texas A&M University had been working on ways to integrate electrochemistry with a microfluidic platform when it occurred to graduate student Wei Zhan that there's a key difference between doing electrochemistry in beakers and doing it in a microfluidic platform. In a microfluidic context, "you can have lots and lots of channels and lots and lots of electrodes all communicating with each other in a pretty straightforward way," Crooks says, "and you can set this up using lithography, a tool of the electronics industry." Crooks and Zhan set out to design a chip that combines microfluidics and electrochemistry, where what happens in one channel affects what happens in the others. The result is a chip that acts as a logic gate. The most complicated device they have designed is a nine-channel, seven-electrode NAND gate { J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 125, 9934 (2003)}. A NAND gate combines the functions AND ...