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Predictors of Hearing Aid Use in the Advanced Digital Era: An Investigation of Benefit, Satisfaction, and Self-Efficacy.

BACKGROUND
Untreated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been linked to depression, social isolation, anxiety, and a reduction in health-related quality of life (QoL), and is independently associated with cognitive decline. Only one in five persons with SNHL pursues amplification; 76-97% of those having hearing aids report regular or occasional use. Although hearing aid use during all waking hours is advocated for children, recommendations for adults are not as clear. Treatment outcomes, including benefit, satisfaction, and self-efficacy with hearing aids, may be predictors of self-reported hearing aid use, which is useful in clinical practice.


PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to determine average hours of self-reported daily hearing aid use by adults and if treatment outcome measures of benefit, satisfaction, and self-efficacy with hearing aids can predict self-reported daily hearing aid use in adults.


RESEARCH DESIGN
The present study was a prospective cross-sectional survey with retrospective chart review.


STUDY SAMPLE
The study sample consisted of 152 experienced adult advanced digital technology (ADT) hearing aid users between 18 and 90 years of age who were patients in a two-office private practice in California.


DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
A postal survey was sent to 500 experienced adult ADT hearing aid users. Participants completed the Visual Analog Scale for Daily Use of Hearing Aids (VASuse) and validated measures of (1) self-efficacy, (2) satisfaction, and (3) benefit. Retrospective data were collected for all respondents via chart review. Multivariable linear regression was used to explore relationships between treatment outcomes and hearing aid use.


RESULTS
Experienced hearing aid users wore their hearing aids an average of 12.0 h/day. Daily hearing aid use was significantly associated with residual participation restriction (RPR) on the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) item 5 (p = 0.02). The VASuse was significantly associated with the IOI-HA factor 1, "Me and My Hearing Aids" (p = 0.03), an aggregate measure of satisfaction, benefit, and QoL.


CONCLUSIONS
Participants reported wearing their hearing aids an average of 12.0 h/day. Self-reported daily hearing aid use was associated with a combination of satisfaction, benefit, and increased QoL, and with RPR. The interconnectedness of satisfaction, benefit, and QoL positively affected hearing aid use, and greater levels of RPR seemed to discourage hearing aid use. If hearing aid owners are inconsistent or nonusers, then counseling and outcome measures should be used in the domains of satisfaction, benefit, and QoL. Future research should involve additional ADT hearing aid users with different experience levels across various study sites.