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Child mobility and transnational responses

The Al-Khaima Association is an organization working with migrant children in a transnational context. Founded in Tangier in 2007, it was a result of cooperation between several Spanish and Moroccan organizations aiming to promote the defense of migrant children’s rights, especially those children who have crossed or are trying to cross the Mediterranean. The Al-Khaima Association has built a network of professionals from different disciplines, children’s rights activists, and NGOs from different countries in Europe (Belgium, France, Spain, and Sweden) and the Maghreb and West Africa (Mali, Morocco, Nigeria). A transnational perspective is declared as the core of their work (Al-Khaima, 2013). The founders were well aware of the complex situation of child migrants: they aimed to challenge the institutional system established for children, as many of the trajectories of new groups of migrant children do not fit the existing profile of minors requiring guardianship. At the same time, the professionals working in the field of child protection are often not aware of the complexity of the migratory process, and the families of migrant minors are ill-informed about the situation their children are facing in Europe. Al-Khaima works today at different levels and acts in different arenas. It denounces the “intermittent institutional abuse” committed by the Spanish authorities whenever they interact with this group of children. The Spanish Ombudsman for the rights of children confirms that the fundamental rights of these children have been violated, for example in their right to legal protection and right to be heard (Ombudsman, 2012). The Al-Khaima Association also denounces situations of violence within child protection systems (Al-Khaima, 2010, 2013). The organization gives legal advice and helps families and/or children to obtain the documents required by national or local authorities. It also helps children or their families to localize child migrants on the move or who have disappeared en route to Europe or within EU borders. Al-Khaima is readapting practices which redefine the accepted scales of social interventions. Building on this approach, in this article we discuss how contemporary child mobility challenges the basic premises that sustain social work. We first provide a background on contemporary child migrations, focusing on the situation of child migrants from Morocco. Using ethnographic references collected by the Al-Khaima Association we highlight the situation of these children. In the second section we discuss how mainstream social