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Notes on the validity of Mogera montana Kishida, 1932, for a mountain mole from Taiwan

Although Mogera insularis (Swinhoe 1863) had been believed to be a single talpid species found in Taiwan (Aoki 1913; Horikawa 1932; Kuroda 1935, 1938, 1940, 1952; Tanaka 1936; Hutterer 1993, 2005; Abe 1995) (Table 1), Kawada et al. (2007) recently found a second talpid species Mogera kanoana from the central mountains and from the east and south of Taiwan. Kawada et al. (2007) revealed that Mogera kanoana is a distinctive species from Mogera insularis, which occurs in the northern and western lowlands of Taiwan, based on a phylogenic study of morphological, karyological and molecular characteristics. Mogera kanoana is characterized by a small body, dark fur, protruding snout, and a long tail. Kyukichi Kishida, born in 1888 and died in 1968, was a Japanese zoologist who studied the morphology and systematics of various groups of animals, including mammals, spiders, mites, etc. (Ono 2005). During the Japanese possession of Taiwan (1895–1945), Kishida studied Taiwanese mammals, especially bats and moles. In some books published in the 1930s, Kishida argued that there were two species of moles in Taiwan (Kishida 1933, 1936a, 1936b), Mogera insularis and a species which he called “Yamadi hime mogura”, which in Japanese means mountain small mole. Mogera (or Mogerula) montana Kishida, 1932, was used for the latter taxon in some literatures (Oo 1938; Kano 1940), although the original description and the depository of specimens were unknown (Kawada et al. 2007). The genus Mogerula was proposed by Kishida (1937) for small moles distributed in Taiwan, Hainan, and southern China. For a long time, Kishida’s treatment of these Taiwanese moles has not been considered in talpid taxonomy. The aim of this report is to solve the bibliographical problem for Taiwanese moles caused by Kishida and to view the validity of the scientific name for Kishida’s mountain mole. The authors will conclude that Mogera montana for the mountain mole in Taiwan has never been described correctly by Kishida and is thus invalid.