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WST+iMPT: A High-performance Incremental Verification World State Model for Massive Accounts

MPT (Merkle Patricia Tree) is the core storage structure of blockchains as the integrity of the account state data can be verified by the MPT structure, which is the sum of the state information generated by the blockchain system based on the account model after the execution of a transaction. As the number of transactions increases, the amount of blockchain state data grows exponentially, which poses a huge challenge for efficient access to blockchain state data. In this paper, a new world state model is proposed to address this problem. Firstly, the organization mode of a full node and the total state is improved. A state tree is constructed for some states in blocks, and the organization mode and insertion mode of state construction are redefined. Then, the state storage mode is improved, which simplifies the state storage model and changes the full storage of tree nodes in the world state, and its state update and maintenance are introduced. Experiments show that the proposed model significantly reduces memory consumption and improves retrieval efficiency. When the number of transactions in a block is 1200, the query efficiency of our proposed model is three times of MPT. In terms of memory consumption, the memory consumption of our model is only 5% of MPT.