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Block rotation on impact – A factor to be considered in the design of rockfall protection embankments

In the course of several research projects carried out at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, the effect of block rotation on impact on protection embankments has been investigated. The occasion for these experimental studies was the conflicting statements in the literature about the influence of block rotation on impact and the different and mostly very simple models for the design and sizing of such structures. Considering this, both small‐scale quasi‐2D tests and half‐scale 3D tests were performed and evaluated. The test results show that block rotation, which has until now been neglected in the design and sizing of rockfall protection embankments, is actually of great significance. Three rules for the geometry of such structures could be derived from the test results.