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Effect of potassium on lithium-induced growth retardation and polyuria in rats.

: The effect of potassium on lithium-induced growth retardation and polyuria was examined in rats given food containing 100 mmol/kg of lithium and 600 mmol/kg of sodium. The increase of the potassium content of the food from 100 to 700 mmol/kg led to a statistically significant increase of the weight gain and diminished the polyuria with unaltered serum lithium concentration; in control rats the high electrolyte content had a slightly decreasing effect on normal weight gain. At 9 weeks the lithium treated rats and the control rats weighed almost the same. At a lower level of sodium in the food (350 mmol/kg) addition of extra potassium had no effect on the weight gain of the rats given lithium, but the polyuria was reduced to the same level as that in the experiment with the high sodium diet. Addition of sodium to the food in place of potassium also led to increased weight gain and diminished polyuria, but the effect of sodium was less than the effect of potassium and could be accounted for by a sodium-induced lowering of the serum lithium concentration. Lithium administration led to a shift of the urine pH in an alkaline direction; this effect was counteracted by potassium in all three experiments. It is concluded that potassium counteracts lithium-induced growth retardation and polyuria in rats; the effects are not mediated via a reduction of the serum lithium concentration.