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Morphofunctional Features of Immunocompetent Cells in the Human Placenta from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The placenta is a unique organ that provides a normal functioning of foetus during the period of intrauterine development. However, in spite of its importance, the placenta remains poorly studied. Answers to the questions about immune interactions in the placenta can explain the development of many pregnancy complications. This paper studied age-related features of immunocompetent cell markers expression in the human placenta in normal and pathological conditions (type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DМ). We examined villous chorion samples obtained from 80 patients: 40 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 40 control subjects. Each of the groups was further divided into the subgroups of primiparas and multiparas, as well as into age subgroups (births before and after 28 years). We selected CD68 (macrophage marker), CD20 (B-lymphocyte marker) and CD57 (NK-cell marker) as molecules of interest. The research revealed differences in the expression of immunocompetent cell markers between the group of patients with T2DМ and the control group as well as age-related differences in the expression of these markers within the groups. In addition, we were able to study the morphofunctional state of the placentas. It is known that signalling molecules produced by immune cells play a key role in the pathological processes that can take place during pregnancy. The results obtained indicate a high epidemiological and scientific importance of inflammatory markers in assessing the gestation course and the possible development of somatic pathology in newborns, especially in women aged 28 or older. For citation: Makarenko S.V., Drobintseva A.O., Medvedev D.S., Bode I.I., Andreev A.E., Shumilkin V.R., Polyakova V.O. Morphofunctional features of Immunocompetent Cells in the human Placenta from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 153–162. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z053