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Chitosan-Gated Fluorescent Mesoporous Silica Nanocarriers for Real-Time Monitoring Drug Release.

We have constructed a novel gated nanocarrier for real-time monitoring drug release, consisting of three parts: (i) mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as the drug carrier, (ii) chitosan as the nanovalve to block and unlock the pores, and (iii) 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore as connecting arm and fluorescent signal source. In the absence of glutathione (GSH), the integrity of the system makes the pores in the closed state, and the sulfone would block the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process, leading to no fluorescence emission. While the nucleophilic attack of GSH can cause the removal of the chitosan and recovery of ICT property, thus triggering drug release and green fluorescence emission. The results demonstrate that the change of GSH concentration in vivo or vitro would lead to the change of drug release as well as a concurrent change in fluorescence signal, which can expand the application of our gated nanocarrier for monitoring different drug release in real-time.