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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Anatomical Abnormalities of Interventricular Septum (with Special Reference to Ventricular Septal Defect) in the Population of West Bengal between 1 and 12 Years of Age

BACKGROUND Right and left ventricles of human heart are separated by interventricular septum. The septum develops in early embryonic period from three sources: primitive ventricular septum, bulbar septum and endocardial cushion. Primitive ventricular septum forms the major part of muscular septum, some contribution comes from bulbar septum. Endocardial cushion forms the membranous part of ventricular septum. Obviously, these three parts fuse to form a complete septum. Sometimes they do not fuse properly, or one of them does not proliferate properly, leading to formation of a defective septum containing one or more foramina. This condition is called ventricular septal defect. Commonly, endocardial cushion does not proliferate properly producing defect in membranous septum. Less commonly foramina are situated in muscular septum. Perimembranous VSD is described as foramen lies in membranous septum and surrounding it, which is due to non-proliferation of endocardial cushion as stated above, and also due to non-fusion of two bulbar septi. So VSDs may be perimembranous