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Selective perception and the number of alternatives.

The subjects saw one of 4 or one of 16 letterlike stimuli, with the choices reduced to 2 before and after (groups BA4 and BA16) or after (groups A4 and A16) the stimulus, which was followed by a masking figure. Identification accuracy was the same for groups BA4, A4, and BA16; it was considerably poorer for group A16. The outcome suggests that selective perception occurs with prior knowledge of alternatives-but only if that knowledge simplifies the task.