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High-rate structure-gradient Ni-rich cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.

To simultaneously achieve high compaction density and superior rate performance, a structure-gradient LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material with a compacted core structure and an active-plane-exposing shell structure was designed and successfully synthesized via a secondary co-precipitation method. The tight stacking of primary particles in the core region ensures the high compaction density of the material, while the exposed active planes, resulting from the stacking of primary nanosheets along the [001] crystal axis predominantly, in the shell region afford enhanced Li+ transport. Thus, the Ni-rich cathode material with this structure gradient design shows a high compaction density with excellent electrochemical performances, especially the rate performance, exhibiting excellent rate capability (160 mAh g-1) that is 62% higher than the pristine one at 10 C within 2.75-4.3 V (vs Li+/Li). Our work proposes a possible strategy for designing and synthesizing layered cathode materials with required hierarchical structure to meet different application requirements.