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MODIS thermal emissive bands calibration improvements for Collection 7

The MODIS thermal emissive bands (TEB) radiometric calibration uses a quadratic function for the instrument response, and the calibration coefficients look-up tables (LUTs) are updated using the response of an on-board blackbody (BB). After more than 21 and 19 years on-orbit, the TEB performances for Terra and Aqua MODIS have been generally stable. However, contamination from electronic crosstalk, a known issue since prelaunch, has affected the L1B image quality and measurement accuracy. In addition to the photovoltaic (PV) longwave infrared (LWIR) bands crosstalk correction included in Terra MODIS Collection 6.1 (C6.1), a crosstalk correction for select detectors in the Terra and Aqua mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and Aqua PV LWIR bands are applied in C7. The mission-long crosstalk coefficients for the selected detectors are derived and populated in the form of LUTs. The crosstalk correction is applied to both on-orbit calibration and the algorithm used to generate Earth-view L1B products. Among these detectors, the Aqua MODIS band 24 detector 1 crosstalk has the largest impact on image quality, with striping observed over cold scenes for both Terra and Aqua MODIS. The images of C7 L1B and C6.1 are compared to assess the impact of the correction. Additional assessments using Earthview measurements and inter-comparison also revealed the need for improvement of calibration stability and consistence for select bands. Additional improvements for long-term stability and mirror side consistence were developed using quasideep convective clouds (qDCC), Dome-C, ocean, desert, and inter-comparison with other instruments.