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The AIDS virus: structure and function

AIDS is the end stage of infection by a retrovirus named human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). It occurs when there is gross functional impairment of the cellular immune system. As a sexually transmitted disease, AIDS and HIV infection are of great interest to the practicing dermatologists/ venereologists, who are on the ‘first line’ of defence. The AIDS virus affects the skin in many ways (Kaposi’s sarcoma, opportunistic infections, etc). HIV infection may first be suspected by dermatological signs and is often diagnosed by the dermatologist. The great advances in the field of Biology in the last forty years have armed modern medicine with new technology that has been applied successfully to solve many medical problems. This has also generated great expectations, which were tested very soon after the recognition of the new syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The advances in biomedicine proved indeed to be very important for the early successes against HIV-1 and AIDS. Examples of fast and spectacular successes are the identification of the causative agent, the generation of reliable