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Transformative Second and Foregin Language Learning for the 21st Century

This article introduces a cosmological perspective of teaching second/foreign languages for promoting ecological interconnectedness and spirituality to counter material and monetary interests that cause environmental destruction and militarism. The arguments are couched in cross- and deep cultural learning and are based on the concept of transformative learning, which has not been discussed in the field of language education. Influenced by critical pedagogy and critical applied linguistics, transformative second/foreign language learning broadens critical language and critical applied linguistics to address geopolitical and environmental strife. This article also provides recommendations for educators and researchers.