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Continuous dual-wavelength, high-intensive Nd:YAG laser in operative urology

A ruby laser with a 0.694 mkm wavelength was used as a source of a new model of laser lithotriptor. The optical irradiation parameters selected included 1 mks duration pulse, frequency from 1 to 5 Hz, energy at an output of up to 120 mJ, transmitted via light guide quartz fiber of 400 kmk. The tip of the light guide was directed to the calculus through a catheterized cystoscope. Light guide position control was done by the presence of a specific acoustic signal accompanying plasma formation. Plasma is not formed by laser action on the ureter wall. In doubtful cases we used roentgenological examination. After lithotripsy and direct processing by irradiation, histological investigations of the ureter wall showed only slight submucosal hemorrhage or revealed no changes. Implantation of the calculus and fiber particles into the ureter wall was not observed. Twenty-nine patients were subjected to lithotripsy of calculus (oxalates, urates, phosphates) in the low and mid-ureter. Usually from 1000 to 3000 impulses were used to destroy the calculus. Calculus fragments passed without assistance (13 patients) or were removed by extractors (7 patients). The recovery of passing of urine and removal of renal colic were observed during lithotripsy if obturation had occurred (8 patients). Ureteral perforation, blood loss, and acute pyelonephritis did not occur.