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Cellular Mechanisms of Triplet Repeat Maintenance: Helicase Requirements for Replication through DNA Structure Barriers

Natural replication barriers are ubiquitous in genomes, and failure to bypass these barriers during replication results in various forms of genome instability. We found previously that the Srs2 helicase is important for replication though triplet repeat DNA that can form DNA hairpin structures. At an expanded CAG repeat, Srs2 is needed to allow fork reversal and prevent chromosome fragility, as well as to prevent aberrant recombination that increases CAG instability. At CGG repeats, Srs2 facilitates replication through DNA hairpins that stall replication, thereby preventing chromosome fragility. The Srs2 protein has multiple functions, including unwinding activity, DNA translocation, and Rad51 displacement, and may also work in conjunction or competition with other helicases during replication. Data will be presented on the role of Srs2 and other related helicases during replication of DNA structure barriers, and the consequences for repeat instability and chromosome fragility.