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Functional Safety Development of Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles

In 21st century, the evolution of electric vehicles are increased more than anticipation in India due to increasing concerns with petroleum usage, fuel economy regulations and awareness promoted by government. Though the popularity of Electric Power Train (EPT) getting higher and higher in recent days, equally the criticality existing in the electric power train system is more challenging. One of the main critical item in EPT is Lithium – Ion batteries typically managed by a high voltage electronic Battery Management System (BMS). Since the presence of high voltage Li-ion batteries, the hazards involved in the vehicle such as Electric shock, Thermal Event and Toxic gas release are typical threads. Here Functional safety plays a very important role to design a BMS system and mitigate those hazards to make a trouble free BMS systems. ISO standard 26262: 2018 – Road vehicles functional safety, second edition [2] provides a complete guidance for design, development and validating an automotive electrical and electronic critical systems malfunctions which challenges safety. Since BMS is a critical safety E/E system in automobile, this paper discuss an options for developing trouble free BMS systems in accordance to ISO 26262 methodologies, how hazards are differed from gasoline powertrains to electrical systems and its risk assessments, higher level and lower level safety requirements and its implementations. And also a higher level architecture for battery management systems, assumptions, warning and degradation concept and conclusions made based on the requirements and application