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The Sorcerer's Apprentice: Islamist Militancy in South Asia

Many high-profile terrorist incidents ranging from the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York and Washington to the July 7, 2005 subway bombings in London to the November 2008 assault on Mumbai have had direct connections to individuals and groups operating in Pakistan. Islamist militants based there also regularly launch attacks on government and coalition targets in Afghanistan. Such violence inflicts significant human and economic costs on the international community, threatens to incite a regional conflagration with India, and undermines international efforts to stabilize Southwest Asia. Debates on the source of such violence revolve around two theories. One is that terrorism is a central element of Pakistan’s strategy to combat India’s presence in Kashmir and to facilitate the re-Talibanization of Afghanistan. Proponents of this view believe that Islamabad has not prevented terrorism emanating from its soil largely because it does not wish to; Pakistan finds terrorist violence far too useful a tool to combat it seriously. Regional expert Frederic Grare, a supporter of this theory, argues that Pakistan continues ‘‘to nurture terrorist groups as a means of securing its geopolitical goals’’ because