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Hunters and the conservation and management of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

White-tailed deer are widely distributed in North America and for at least 10,000 years have been important to human beings for food, clothing, and tools. Market hunting and habitat changes in the 1800s caused a precipitous decline in the number of white-tailed deer in North America. Hunters acted to restore deer populations. By promoting and helping to enforce hunting regulations, transplanting deer, and funding conservation and management programs, hunters were the primary reason deer populations grew during the 1900s from 500,000 to nearly 30 million. Today white-tailed deer are the most popular big game animal in North America and hunters continue to fund deer management and research. Hunters help wildlife agencies to manage white-tailed deer populations within ecological and cultural carrying capacity by harvesting deer. Thus, hunters, with their interest in viable deer populations, are integral to the conservation and management of white-tailed deer in North America.