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Reproductive biology and pollinators in two enantiostylous Qualea species (Vochysiaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado.

•Enantiostyly is a floral polymorphism, in which two floral forms in the same species differ in deflection of the stigma to right or left position. In monomorphic enantiostylous plants flowers of the two morphs occur within the same individual, usually in the same proportion. In self-compatible species the function of monomorphic enantiostyly is proposed to increase outcrossing rates and offer a reproductive advantage under pollination limitation. Enantiostylous species are usually self-compatible and show heteranthery, with poricide anthers and pollen as a pollinators' reward; however there are families such as Vochysiaceae that have different characteristics. •In this study we aimed at analysing the reproductive system and the pollination biology of Qualea parviflora and Q. multiflora, two enantiostylous species from the Brazilian Cerrado that have particular morphological and physiological traits. •We found no differences between morphs in the proportion of flowers, nectar produced or its concentration, pollen quantity and fruit set. Both species were self-incompatible and quite generalists regarding floral visitors. •Enantiostyly in self-incompatible plants seems to confer a reproductive advantage by reducing self-interference resulting from stigma clogging. This result helps expanding our knowledge on this complex floral polymorphism and opens new venues for future research on this topic.