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Prediction of Internal Circuit and Mechanical-Electrical-Thermal Response of Lithium-Ion Battery Cell with Mechanical-Thermal Coupled Analysis

The lithium-ion battery (LIB) is widely used as an energy storage device for electric vehicles (EV) due to its advantages, such as high energy density and long lifespan. However, LIB for EV can be exposed to mechanical abuse such as vehicle collision, which causes thermal runaway due to extreme mechanical deformation. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the internal short circuit (ISC) of the LIB cell under mechanical loading conditions and to analyze the mechanical, electrical, and thermal responses after ISC. In this paper, the starting point of ISC is predicted using a two-way mechanical-electrical-thermal coupled analysis method. At the same time, mechanical responses, along with the effects of the ISC area on electrical and thermal responses of the LIB cell, were analyzed. ISC was defined as failure of the separator. The separator’s failure was calculated considering material nonlinearity. Considering the indentation test results, the finite element method (FEM) analysis could accurately predict the starting point of ISC. In the order of cylindrical, hemispherical, and conical indenters, ISC occurred quickly, and the ISC area was large. The larger the ISC area, the greater the voltage drop, current, and joule heat, and the higher the maximum temperature.