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Neuroprotective effect of combination of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor and antioxidant in middle cerebral artery occlusion induced focal ischemia in rats

Abstract We have investigated the neuroprotective potential of combination of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (nicotinamide or 3-aminobenzamide) and antioxidant (melatonin) in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) induced focal ischemia in rats. MCAo of 2 h followed by 22 h reperfusion produced large volume of cerebral infarction (mean ± SEM 211.38 ± 8.35 mm3), volume of edema (60 ± 2 mm3) and neurological deficits (4.45 ± 0.25). Combination of nicotinamide (500 mg kg–1, i.p.) and melatonin (10 mg kg–1 , i.p.) significantly decreased infarct volume to 48 ± 2.58 mm3 as compared to their individual drug (nicotinamide 76 ± 12.49 mm3, melatonin 76.17 ± 1.24 mm3). A significant improvement was observed in edema volume and neurological deficits with this combination. Combination of 3-aminobenzamide (20 mg kg–1, i.p.) and melatonin (10 mg kg–1, i.p.) also produced similar reduction in infarction, edema and neurological score. These results indicate that the combination of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor and antioxidant produce enhanced neuroprotection. Clinical availability and wide therapeutic margin of nicotinamide and melatonin make them a promising drug combination for clinical evaluation in stroke patients.