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Application of Untuned Cavities for Millimeter Wave Spectroscopy

A theory of untuned cavities is presented which provides the possibility of measuring the complex index of refraction of strongly absorbing samples (K ≥ 0.1) and the absorption coefficient of weakly absorbing samples. We describe a newly developed spectrometer of this type for the broadband frequency regime from 40 GHz to 170 GHz and at temperatures ranging from 4.2°K to 300°K. This method seems to offer the only possibility for performing dielectric measurements on strongly scattering samples at mm- and sub-mm-waves. It has proved to be particularly useful for studies on biological objects such as macromolecules and cells.