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Training Doctoral Students in Research

Given that the Ph.D. is a research degree, one of the key questions for faculty is when to begin research training. (Related questions are what sort of training should be given and how should it be taught.) One option is to postpone any research work until the second year with the initial year for content courses. But studies (Berlew & Hall, 1966; Schein, 1971; Buchanan, 1974) have shown that the first year is a particularly important time for the socialization of new members into a social system. In terms of doctoral research training it is necessary to teach not only the mechanics of research design and implementation but the even more important skill of conceptualizing the questions to be studied. It has been my experience that this skill can and should be taught the first year.