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Dystrophin‐Associated Proteins and the Muscular Dystrophies: A Glossary

The Dystrophin-Associated Protein Complex Recent advances in understanding the muscular dystrophies illustrate the powerful reciprocal interaction between investigations of molecular pathogenesis of diseases (e.g. Duchenne muscular dystrophy or DMD) and basic problems in molecular biology (e.g. the molecular composition of the muscle membrane). In less than a decade, studies of DMD have led to the discovery not only of dystrophin (17) but also of an expanding family of dystrophin-associated proteins (9,38), as summarized in Figure 1. Increasingly, defects in the genes encoding these proteins have been identified as the cause of diverse forms of muscular dystrophy. As recently reviewed (26,31,36), it is instructive to consider the dystrophin-associated proteins in three major groups: the dystroglycan complex proteins, the sarcoglycan proteins and the syntrophins.