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Discovery of novel organisms leads to recognition of a major new basal fungal group : the cryptomycota

(21) V O L U M E 2 · N O . 1 Just as the field mycologist that stays close to the excursion bus often finds the rarest fungus of the day, and the late Terence Ingold discovered aquatic hyphomycetes in streams near where he lived in Leicester, Meredith D. M. Jones obtained some enigmatic organisms from environmental sequences from a pond at the University of Exeter, UK ( Jones et al. 2011). A comparison with sequence data in GenBank revealed that there were other environmental sequences that fell into the same clade; these were derived from a broad spectrum of aquatic habitats, including marine, polluted, and anaerobic as well as freshwater. Only a single named genus was found to belong to the clade – Rozella, represented by R. allomyces and R. sp. DNA probes were designed to see just how widespread these organisms might be in southwest England, and led to their detection in three Dartmoor reservoirs and four coastal marine surface water samples. Then, not content with knowing these organisms only from environmental sequences, the team used ten probe sequences conjugated for tyramide signal amplification fluorescence in situ hybridization (TSAFISH). They were not disappointed. These organisms were revealed as unicellular ovoid cells of around 3–5 μm diam, in which some had a single distinct microtubulebased flagellum and others did not. This led the authors to postulate a life-cycle which included a cyst stage, interpreted the flagellate cells as zoospores, with both cysts and zoospores being able to attach themselves to second-party cells such as diatoms. The issue as to how this evidently huge unexpected but well-supported clade of diversity might be classified then had to be addressed. The position of Rozella as a basal branch below the main fungal clade had Discovery of novel organisms leads to recognition of a major new basal fungal group: the cryptomycota