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Visible Light-Driven Photoelectrochemical Platform Based Biosensor

The characterization of the photoinduced carriers' production, separation, and interfacial reaction processes is critical in developing effective photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection. The design and fabrication of a visible-light-driven PEC device based on CdSe-Co3O4@TiO2 nanoflower are presented in this report. In addition, an application for the ultrasensitive detection of viruses, including hepatitis E virus (HEV), HEV-like particles (HEV-LPs), and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in complex lysate solution. The photocurrent response output of a CdSe-Co3O4@TiO2 based PEC device is improved compared to the individual components, TiO2 and CdSe-Co3O4. This can be ascribed to forming a heterojunction structure obtained by the hybridization of TiO2 and CdSe-Co3O4. CdSe QDs sensitization effect and strong visible light absorption can extend interfacial carrier lifetime and enhance energy conversion efficiency coupling with a robust oxygen-evolving catalyst (Co3O4) at the hole trapping site (CdSe) to improve overall system stability. The developed PEC-based biosensing device has been effectively used for quantitative virus detection through effective hybridization among antibody and viral specimens. The effective capture of the virus resulted in a linear relationship of change in photocurrent output versus the HEV concentration ranging from 10 fg mL–1 to 100 ng mL–1 with a detection limit of 3.5 fg mL–1. This CdSe-Co3O4@TiO2-based PEC device shows a significant ability to develop an improved device with affordable and portable biosensing capabilities.