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Multifocal matrix method of image-forming objects at higher-than-Rayleigh resolution and determining their geometric and dynamic parameters

A multifocal matrix method for super Rayleigh resolution imaging and determining geometric and dynamic parameters of objects is developed and studied. The key element of the method is a multifocal matrix consisting of focusing elements. The coherent light scattered by an object is focused by these elements and focused fields are detected at elements focused. The results of detection are used for determining the angular coordinates, amplitudes and phases of light fields scattered by different parts of the object surface. If the object under investigation consists of closely spaced small targets that cannot be resolved using the Rayleigh criterion, the method provides a useful tool for determining the angular coordinates, velocity, scattering coefficient and the distance of each target. The effect of the additive noise of focusing detector elements on the angular resolution of the method is analyzed. The method provides two ways of obtaining information about small targets. The first allows the building of their two-dimensional images, the other is for determining their overall dimensions, rotational speeds, parameters of surface roughness.