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Idiopathic hypercalciuria: Can we prevent stones and protect bones?

Idiopathic hypercalciuria increases the risk of urinary stones and osteoporosis. The aim of this review is to delineate our current understanding of idiopathic hypercalciuria in the context of bone health, specifically its definition, causes, epidemiology, laboratory evaluation, and potential treatments. Patients should increase their fluid intake, follow a diet low in salt and animal protein, and take a thiazide diuretic.