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Marine algae as a potential source for anti-diabetic compounds - A Brief Review.

BACKGROUND
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major chronic metabolic disorder, characterize by hyperglycemia that leads to several complications such as retinopathy, atherosclerosis, nephropathy etc. In 2019, it was estimated that about 463 million people were suffering with diabetes and it may increase up to 700 million in 2045. Marine macroalgae are the rich source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.


OBJECTIVE
This review summarizes the recent epidemiology and possible use of marine macroalgae-derived bioactive compounds for the protection against chronic metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus and marine macroalgae as a nutraceutical supplements.


CONCLUSION
The present therapies available for the diabetes treatment are oral medicines and insulin injections. But continuous use of synthetic medicines provides low therapeutic with many side effects. In continuing search of antidiabetic drugs, marine macroalgae remain as a promising source with potent bioactivity. Among existing marine algae, red and brown algae are reported to show anti-diabetic activity. Hence, the present review focuses on the epidemiology, diabetes biomarkers and different secondary bioactive compounds present in marine macroalgae to treat the diabetes mellitus.