{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01949978804578211, 'fraction_numerical': 0.010173802458668928, 'mean_word_length': 5.178010471204188, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Innovations in bones and stones.

DOI:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3283622bd4 Another year brings more progress in mineral metabolism, and with it, another edition of the Mineral Metabolism section of Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. As Section Editors tasked with developing a lineup of topics and investigator-authors, our greatest challenge lies not in selecting areas of major progress in this hyperactive field. On the contrary, narrowing the vast number of choices to a select group that we highlight in a given edition with its limited space is usually our most difficult task. Fortunately, this year was no exception with many new basic science and clinical insights emerging in the areas of nephrolithiasis, bone disease, calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and their relationships with cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. We also have the luxury of choosing from a wide and deep pool of international expert physicians and scientists to convey the year’s new scientific advances in mineral metabolism. Once again, we have commissioned a panel of experts to review topics within their areas of interest and expertise. We openly admit that our main contribution to the Mineral Metabolism component of the Current Opinion collection is our ‘less is more’ strategy of directing authors. We simply provide the experts with a general topic to cover and then get out of their way. The result, as usual, is a series of expertly written contemporary updates on areas of major clinical and scientific relevance. This edition opens with a meticulous and efficient review of normal and abnormal calcium homeostasis by Felsenfeld, Rodriguez and Levine (pp. 371–376) that incorporates well known physiology with exciting new insights that will be new to many. The authors guide the reader through all aspects of calcium handling in the gut, bone and kidney, emphasizing newly discovered biology derived from elegant animal models. Although the mechanisms and management of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia are among the most popular ‘chalk talks’ for medical students that we, the chalk-talkers, think we have mastered, the authors clearly show us that there are always more scientific twists and turns to incorporate into our constructs. Vitamin D biology is integrally related to calcium homeostasis, and its potential role in other