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Fault identification based on the KPCA-GPSO-SVM algorithm for seismic attributes in the Sihe Coal Mine, Qinshui Basin, China

Faults are geological structures that can cause disasters and thereby affect the safety of coal mines. To achieve improved fault interpretation accuracy during 3D seismic exploration of coal mines, we propose a seismic fault identification method based on a combination of kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), genetic particle swarm optimization (GPSO) and a support vector machine (SVM). The Dongwupan area of the Sihe Coal Mine in Shanxi Province, which mainly contains small faults, is the research area, and we extract 20 types of seismic attributes. According to the median difference between fault and nonfault data, we select the 12 leading seismic attributes with differences greater than 0.1 in descending order. Considering information redundancy and the nonlinear relationships among seismic attributes, we adopt the KPCA method to reduce and optimize the selected seismic attributes, thereby effectively capturing the main information contained in the data and eliminating noise. Moreover, we introduce the GPSO algorithm to effectively optimize the SVM model parameters, and we construct a KPCA-GPSO-SVM model to classify and predict faults. Through model testing, the average fault identification accuracy of the model is 98.89%. Relative to the KPCA-PSO-SVM, PCA-GPSO-SVM and GPSO-SVM models, the accuracy is improved by 3.3%, 7.8% and 16.7%, respectively. We apply the proposed model to predict the fault distribution in the research area, and we compare the predictions to the actual exposed faults. The results indicate that the KPCA-GPSO-SVM model can suitably realize fault distribution prediction in a mining area. Moreover, compared to manual fault interpretation, the proposed method is faster, more intuitive and can better identify small faults.