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Introductory Chapter: Clinical and Epidemiological Implications of Zika Virus Infection - The Experience of RECOLZIKA in Colombia

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus discovered in rhesus monkeys in the Zika close to Kampala, Uganda in 1947, but it was not until February 2016 that the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Zika a public health emergency [1–5]. The introduction and spread of ZIKV throughout Latin America embodies a convergence of ecologic, social and environmental factors that foster the emergence of new infectious threats in susceptible populations. Although ZIKV infection is typically asymptomatic or causes a mild flu-like, birth defects indicate a wide clinical spectrum that includes severe manifestations that underlie global concern [4–7]. These, along with evidence of non-vector-borne transmission routes such as vertical transmission, blood transfusion and sexual contact [8–11], highlight the need for augmented research in the area [12]. Currently, research efforts have been increasingly focusing on disease prevention through vaccine design and understanding of the role of antibody disease enhancement (ADE) on the immunopathogenesis of severe cases and fetal outcomes. New diagnostic tools are required in order to bypass cross reactivity with other flaviviruses