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GNSS-R from the Bufeng-1 Twin Satellites for Sea Surface Winds Under Hurricane Condition

Launched on June 5th, 2019, Bufeng-1 twin satellites that carry the Chinese first generation spaceborne GNSS-R instruments started using reflected GNSS signals to perform earth observation. By utilizing the Bufeng-1 Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section (NBRCS), the preliminary results show that BuFeng-1 has a high agreement compared with ECMWF ERA5 or ASCAT observations in the low-to-moderate wind speed range. In this paper, the measurements of Bufeng-1 will be aligned with the hurricanes observed by Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) mounted on NOAA aircraft during 2019 Hurricane Season in a certain spatial-temporal matchup criteria. Then, a power function relationship between Bufeng-1 NBRCS and wind speeds under severe sea states is illustrated in the first time. This study is presented to discuss the limitations and issues for the future research of new version of wind speed product of Bufeng-1 mission.