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Blind Detection for SPAD-Based Underwater VLC System Under P–G Mixed Noise Model

There is Poisson slot noise generated by the single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) and Gaussian thermal noise generated by the transimpedance amplifier, respectively, if an analog SPAD detector is applied in the visible light communication (VLC) system. In this letter, for the long distance SPAD-based underwater VLC system, a fast blind multiple-symbol detection (MSD) algorithm is developed under the pure Poisson noise model. And then, a blind MSD algorithm based on generalized maximum-likelihood rule under the Poisson–Gaussian (P–G) mixed noise model is proposed. A generalized Anscombe transform (GAT) is employed to make the P-G mixed noise model as an equivalent additive white Gaussian noise model, then an equivalent minimum Euclidean distance criterion is presented to formulate the optimization problem. Simulation results show that our blind MSD scheme can be identical to the performance under a GAT-based detector with perfect channel state information.