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NATURAL RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN TECHNO-ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF BIO-BASED PRODUCTS

This paper proposes a set of TEA-related, environmental sustainability indicators for an assessment of the resource use efficiency of bio-based products. The resource use includes consumption of material, energy, water and land area. Five indicators, i.e. biotic resource use efficiency, land use efficiency, biotic secondary resource use efficiency, abiotic resource use efficiency water and energy, are associated with a direct input into TEA, while three, i.e. land use intensity, biodiversity and soil nutrient balance, are affected by the former. The exploitation of resources is associated with economic and social indicators connected with food and energy security, water scarcity and human welfare. The proposed set of indicators can be considered in the context of certification of bio-based products, although their applicability require specific case studies, determination of potential thresholds and aggregation in the context of environmental as well as economic and social sustainability assessment.