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Interleukin-10 Inhibits Gram-Negative-Microbe-Specific Human Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand-Positive CD4+-Th1-Cell- Associated Alveolar Bone Loss In Vivo

ABSTRACT To study anti-inflammatory cytokine effects on RANKL+-T-cell-mediated osteoclastogenesis in vivo, we injected human interleukin-10 (hIL-10) into pathogen-infected HuPBL-NOD/SCID mice. The results show significantly decreased RANKL+ Th1-associated alveolar bone loss and coexpression of human gamma interferon (hIFN-γ) and human macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but not hIL-4, in RANKL+ Th cells compatible with those from successfully treated aggressive periodontitis subjects. Thus, there are critical cytokine interactions linking hIFN-γ+ Th1 cells to RANKL-RANK/OPG signaling for periodontal osteoclastogenesis in vivo.