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Proton Conductors — Solids, Membranes and Gels — Materials and Devices

The editor, well known from his own activities in this field, has brought together a team of some thirty authors to create a modern, comprehensive review of proton conductors, including theory, materials, methods of measurements and applications. On the base of the recent literature the important role of protons in solid state processes is represented. In such a quantity of actual contributions, some repetitions cannot be avoided. In future, this field of investigation will become more and more important, because it includes not only aspects of material synthesis, but also properties for applications like transport mechanisms, storage, and catalytic effects. The first part of the book describes the chemical and physical foundations, the main mechanisms of proton transfer, the "vehicle mechanism" and the Grotthuss mechanism. The important influences of water vapour partial pressure, of temperature, the role of defects and of surfaces are discussed. Comparisons are made with other hydrogen containing materials, such as metals and graphite. The second part treats typical hydrogen insertion compounds (hydrogen bronzes), their preparation, structures and properties including e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acid sulfates/phosphates, ice, layer hydrates, clays, glasses, gels, zeolites, perfluorinated membranes, and polymer blends. In the third part, methods of investigation of proton dynamics and charge transport from a local into a macroscopic scale are described. The possible predicates for proton conduction measured by different methods are represented. The fourth part concerns interpretations of main conductivity mechanisms