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Nidogen and heparan sulfate proteoglycan: detection of newly isolated basement membrane components in normal and epidermolysis bullosa skin.

The epidermal basement membrane zone comprises various biochemical constituents, some of which may be affected or involved in certain forms of mechanobullous diseases. Recently, nidogen and a low density form of heparan sulfate proteoglycan--two ubiquitous, noncollagenous components of basement membranes--were isolated and characterized, and affinity-purified antibodies to each component were prepared. These antibodies were used to study the distribution of both antigens in normal and diseased human skin. By immunofluorescence, both nidogen and heparan sulfate proteoglycan were linearly distributed along the basement membrane of the dermal-epidermal junction, adnexal structures, and blood vessels of normal human skin. On suction-induced blisters of normal skin, both antigens were found at the base of the blister, indicating that each was within or below the lamina lucida. By indirect immunoelectron microscopy, both antigens were ultrastructurally located within the lamina densa. The staining patterns for nidogen and heparan sulfate proteoglycan were examined in 11 patients with either junctional, dominant dystrophic, or recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, and were found to be not different from the patterns observed in normal skin.