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Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease: A Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Working Group of Intestinal Failure and Intestinal Transplantation

ABSTRACT Intestinal failure–associated liver disease is the most prevalent complication affecting children with intestinal failure receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. This paper reviews the definition, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and risk factors. The authors discuss the role of enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, and its components, especially lipid emulsions. The authors also discuss the surgical treatment, including intestinal transplantation, its indications, technique, and results, and emphasise the importance of specialised intestinal failure centres.