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Optical trap shaping for binding force study and optimization

Light induced binding energy between particles in the Rayleigh range in laser fields varies as 1/r. This long range dependence suggests a diverging increase of the binding force when the number of interacting particles becomes large. Theoretical studies performed for 1D periodic chains of dipoles reveals large binding field enhancement for an optimum number of interacting particles. When the number of dipoles overshoots this number, the binding intensity collapses. This result is consistent with experimental observations of periodicity defects in large 2D optically built crystals. Some solutions are explored to keep large binding field enhancement for large crystals. Shrinking the coherence length and phase modulating the incident trapping light are among the proposed schemes.