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Muslims in Modern Turkey: Kemalism, Modernism and the Revolt of the Islamic Intellectuals

as the arbitrary and unaccountable rule of the Supreme Leader’s Office and the innumerable para-statal organs which reinforce his very real grip on power; e.g. the revolutionary foundations, Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, Basij Militia, Guardian Council, Supreme National Security Council and Judiciary. While their ideological rationale in a roundabout way is laid out by Alsaif, their modus operandi, for the most part, sits quietly and unobtrusively in the background. It is also difficult to believe that such crucial issues for the fate of Iranian democracy as the integration and equality of Iranian women and ethnic minorities warrant a mere five pages (pp. 196–201). That being said, as a general introduction to the Iranian political and intellectual scene, with a particular emphasis on Shi‘ite Islamic philosophical/political theory, Alsaif’s book will prove useful. It compares favourably with numerous other works because of the rich diversity of Arabic, Persian, and English sources adeptly deployed throughout the course of the study.