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The Pelagic In situ Observation System (PELAGIOS) to reveal biodiversity, behavior, and ecology of elusive oceanic fauna

Abstract. There is a need for cost-efficient tools to explore deep-ocean ecosystems to
collect baseline biological observations on pelagic fauna (zooplankton and
nekton) and establish the vertical ecological zonation in the deep sea. The
Pelagic In situ Observation System (PELAGIOS) is a 3000 m rated slowly (0.5 m s−1) towed camera system with LED illumination, an integrated oceanographic
sensor set (CTD-O2) and telemetry allowing for online data acquisition
and video inspection (low definition). The high-definition video is stored
on the camera and later annotated using software and related to
concomitantly recorded environmental data. The PELAGIOS is particularly
suitable for open-ocean observations of gelatinous fauna, which is
notoriously under-sampled by nets and/or destroyed by fixatives. In addition
to counts, diversity, and distribution data as a function of depth and
environmental conditions (T, S, O2), in situ observations of behavior,
orientation, and species interactions are collected. Here, we present an
overview of the technical setup of the PELAGIOS as well as example
observations and analyses from the eastern tropical North Atlantic.
Comparisons to data from the Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) net sampling and data from the Underwater Vision
Profiler (UVP) are provided and discussed.
