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Databank Systems Ltd: Gordon Hogg A Study in Internal Entrepreneurship

The early trapezitai (moneylenders) of Greece are credited with offering the first rudimentary payment system, in which a credit note given to a trader in one Greek port could be cashed with a moneylender in another, thus transferring funds (Lopez, 1979). Today, the provision of a payment system is recognised as essential to economic development (Mishkin, 2001) and can be used to define, along with financial intermediation, modern banks. Just as the ancient trapezitai revolutionised trade, the Bank of New Zealand, in heading up a consortium of New Zealand trading banks in the 1960s, revolutionised banking in this country when it established Databank Systems Ltd (Databank). Databank employed computer technology that was new to New Zealand to centralise the ledger accounts of all trading banks for the clearing of cheques. This paper details the history of Databank, describing its competitive co-operative system and the internal entrepreneurial activities of its founding general manager, Gordon Hogg, in process innovation. Ultimately, Databank achieved what was seen in the late 1960s as near impossible by international senior computer and bank management staff (Shaw, Shaw, Lockery & McCay, 2012).