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Evaluation of password encrypted key exchange authentication techniques: design approach perspective: evaluation of PAKE protocol

Password Authenticated Key Exchange (PAKE) is an authentication mechanism used to establish a secure connection between communicating parties with a shared password. Since users are accustomed to employing weak passwords to protect their systems, the vulnerability considerably increases. In order to obtain a robust and practical solution against numerous attacks like undetectable online and offline password guessing attacks, trivial attacks, replay attacks and man-in-the-middle attacks, several variants have been proposed over the years. SPOKE (Simple Password Only Key Exchange) Protocol, J-PAKE (Password Authenticated Key Exchange by Juggling) Protocol and Chaos-Based 3PAKE Protocol are some of the novel proposals that trace their roots to the first PAKE protocol introduced by Bellovin and Merrit. In this paper, significant design approaches and modifications implemented in developing PAKE protocols are discussed. Suitable PAKE schemes are identified in regard to applications and communication environment by analyzing the performance and security aspects of these protocols.