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Tensions in Italian Whiteness and Racial Violence in Italy, the United States and Native American Reservations: Sandro Onofri and the Italian Left

Abstract This article has two aims: to explore the tensions and ambiguities in the response of the Italian Left to the challenges of immigration in the 1990s through the prism of Sandro Onofri's writing, published between 1991 and his premature death in 1999, and in doing so to offer an introduction to this lesser-known writer whose works offer a unique perspective on this very specific period. During the 1990s racial violence grew in Italy as mass immigration challenged perceptions of 'Italian-ness'. Onofri's writings seek to subsume racial attacks carried out in marginalized Italian communities into wider discourses of economic and social marginalization, denying the role of racism in Italy. This is expanded in his American writing, in which he uses the Native American reservations as a 'contact zone' in which to align Italian-ness in America and Italy with a past history of powerlessness.