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Microscope images individual charges

Although microscopy – the technology of imaging objects on the micrometre scale and smaller – is an old discipline, the development of new instruments and techniques has led to impressive achievements during the last few decades. Today's electron microscopes can image the crystallographic structure of thin films with atomic resolution. This achievement could have been anticipated long ago, since it is based on the short wavelength of the electrons. In contrast, the versatility and high resolution of scanning probe microscopes came as a surprise. One recent example is the development at Bell Laboratories in the US of a device that can image electric charges on surfaces with a sensitivity better than that of a single electron (M J Yoo et al. 1997 Science 276 579).