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Poussin’s Elephant Revisited

Art historians have always struggled with the attribution to Nicolas Poussin (1594–1665) of the undated paintingHannibal Crossing the Alps on an Elephant (fig. 1). When this painting surfaced almost sixty years ago, its unusual subject was linked to an undated letter by Poussin to his patron Cassiano Dal Pozzo (1583–1657) and also to a painted work by Poussin mentioned in catalogues of the Roman Dal Pozzo family. This sparked a discussion about date and authorship which has not yet reached a final consensus. In 1961 Pierre Rosenberg attributed the painting to Poussin with a suggested date of around 1629, but the British art historians DenisMahon, Anthony Blunt, and ChristopherWright proposed an earlier dating, that is, when Poussin was less experienced as a painter but already living in Rome. In 1976 Paolo Bellini questioned