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Lithium-Based Loop for Ambient-Pressure Ammonia Synthesis in a Liquid Alloy-Salt Catalytic System.

The Haber-Bosch process for ammonia (NH 3 ) production in industry relies on high temperature and high pressure and is therefore highly energy intensive. In addition, the activity of the solid transition metal-based catalysts used are typically limited by the scaling relation between activation barrier for N 2 dissociation and nitrogen-binding energy. Here, we report an innovative Li-based loop in a liquid alloy-salt catalytic system for ambient-pressure NH 3 synthesis from N 2 and H 2 . The looping process consists of three reaction steps taking place simultaneously. The first step is the nitrogen fixation by Li in the liquid Li-Sn alloy to form lithium nitride (Li 3 N) which floats up and dissolves into the molten salt. The second step is the hydrogenation of the Li 3 N to produce NH 3 and lithium hydride (LiH) in the molten salt. The third step is the decomposition of the LiH to regenerate Li in the presence of Sn. An average NH 3 yield rate of 0.025 ug/s was achieved in an 81-hour test at 510 o C and ambient pressure. The floating and dissolution of Li 3 N realized in the liquid catalytic system enables circumventing the scaling relation exerted on Li, and the remarkable properties of liquid alloy and molten salt offer extraordinary advantages for NH 3 synthesis at ambient pressure.