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Mulk Raj Anand: A Pioneer Novelist in Indo-Anglian Literature

India is a Hindi reign country, it is difficult for an Indian writer to struggle oversea language i.e. English in their literary cosmos. English language was considered as a burden in pre independence period which was imposed in our education system by Lord Macaulay to get advantage for British administration in India. But Indian writers took it as a challenge in valorous way and achieved their destination with more efficiency. They drafted Indian civilization and religion thoughts through their literary pieces in a decent manner. This paper points out Anand’s efforts to raise voices against hunger, industrialization, clannishness, suffering of Indian milieu of weaker section and their absorption in the hands of opportunists and powerful through his second sequel novel-‘Coolie’.


Introduction:
In modern world, Indo-Anglian literature has popularly got its existence in an impressive level. These litterateurs use alien language as a casement for variant country people to introduce our social sentiments and culture in profound mode. Mulk Raj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao belong to first generation of Indian litterateurs who, later on, are known as "The Father of Indian Literature". Mulk Raj Anand (1905Anand ( -2004 Anand indirectly creates a web revolt against the prescriptive English and lays the beautiful stones to attain the higher peak of literature range. Anand is one of these prolific writers who born at Peshawar (Pakistan) in a coppersmith ordinary family. In pre independence period his family settles in North India as his father Lal Chand works as a clerk in British Military Cantonment. His mother Ishwar Kaur brings up her son under the doctrine of religion and nationalism. Anand is influenced to see the life style and language of the English. Anand is a brilliant student who easily understands the norms and values of his milieu. After seeing the 'Jallianwala Bagh' massacre in 1919, his pre induced emotions related to British culture come to an end very soon. He gets his graduation from Khalsa College, Amritsar and starts taking part in national movement. He goes to England to get the doctorate degree in philosophy where he enjoys the company of English literary personalities and feels fascination towards literature. After coming back to India, he published his first novel Untouchable in 1935 reflecting Gandhi's philosophy about inequality which gets much popularity among the readers.
Anand is such a type of optimistic human being to encourage pessimist mass to raise their voice against the social evil of inequality. His writings produce a voice for voiceless people of the society. He projects a pavement to cure pathetic life of workers, coolie, peasants and downtrodden who clutches under the hands of social complexities poverty, exploitation, cruelty and other social evils. The wealthy colonial society cheats the inhabitants of weaker between the rich and the poor always exist as a burning point in the society. India has been a cast based country since unforgettable time, but said social evil never comes to an end.
Anand uses his writings to awaken the people of weaker section against the prevailing social evil.
Anand published his second novel 'The Coolie' which reflects the pathetic position of an orphan child, 'Munnoo'. Anand is not a regional writer, but he highlighted a real picture of the poor in a vivid manner using colloquial language. Anand accepts that he himself led a life with the company of the protagonist of the novel. In The Collie, the 14 year old guy starts his journey from his native town Bilaspur, situated at the foot of Kangra hills near Beas river.
Munnoo, the hero of the story, lives with his wicked, snobbish greedy uncle Dayaram, who served as a peon in the Imperial Bank of India at Shyam Nagar. His cruel aunt Gujri wants that Munnoo himself must earn his bread. In lousy manner, his aunt calls him: "Where have you drifted, you ominous one! You , of the evil stars? Come back! Your uncle is leaving soon; you must go to the town with him".
Munnoo never forgets the pangs of curse given by his aunt and sufferings of his late parents. The preexisting circumstances force him to go with his uncle as he has already