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Using the theory of similarity and dimensionality for describing the processes taking place during welding

The examination and description of the processes of formation of the welded joint and of melting of electrode wire in welding should be carried out using the methods of the theory of similarity and dimensionality. The advantages of this approach are the high information content and simple interpretation of the relationships between the dimensionless complexes (criteria) and the possibility of applying the results, obtained in a partial case of some phenomenon on process, to similar processes. Many investigations in the area of examination of the effect of welding conditions on the formation of welded joints have been carried out using the theory of similarity and dimensionality. The method has been used most efficiently in Refs. 2–6. Various methods are used to determine the criterion describing the technological process. In the present work, the authors used the method of analysis of the dimensions of quantities characterising the welding processes. The processes are examined on the macrolevel assuming that time and space are discrete, and the properties of materials do not depend on temperature. In examination of the penetration of metal for the calculation of the linear size of the welded joint, for example, the depth of penetration h, it is recommended to use the following functional dependence: