{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024630541871921183, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.083832335329341, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Experimental Characterization of Flat-Spray Injector in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

A flat spray pattern was proposed in order to improve conventional stratified-charge combustion systems in a direct-injection (DI) gasoline engine. Swirl injectors with a V-groove nozzle and a rectangular-groove nozzle were newly designed. The characteristics of newly designed injector nozzles were examined experimentally under various ambient pressure and fuel pressure conditions. The fuel spray characteristics were tested in a pressure chamber. The injected fuel-spray was illuminated by a YAG-laser sheet and their images were captured by CCD cameras. The atomization of fuel spray in the V-groove and U-groove nozzle was also investigated experimentally. It was shown that the V-groove and the U-groove nozzles generate a well-atomized flat fuel-spray pattern that can be controlled by adjusting the groove-depth. It was also shown that the flat fuel-spray pattern was not susceptible to ambient pressure variations.