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Monumental Bali: An Introduction to Balinese Archaeology and Guide to the Monuments . By A. J. Bernet Kempers. Berkeley: Periplus Editions, 1991. ix, 186 pp.

are features of social interaction taken out of context and exaggerated by Bateson and Mead. Based on this critique and on positive aspects of Balinese Character, Jensen and Suryani then produce a positive synthesis that highlights a number of "traits of the Balinese character: trust-belief, industrious creativity, hierarchical orientation, co-operative devotion, conformism, son-generativity, and hypnotizability." To these are added the emotional traits of "tranquillity, nonverbal expression of emotion, controlled emotionality, and, passive acceptance" (p. 131). As someone with a deep suspicion of attempts to identify the "essential," I found this part of the analysis the least convincing, not because these may or may not be key aspects of Balinese "character," but because the notion of a shared "character" requires far more argument than Jensen and Suryani provide. Furthermore, their argument is made by begging a number of questions—for example, by dismissing in just over four pages the possibility that Balinese culture has significantly changed in the last century (pp. 122—26), and by glossing over the issue of violence as something about which there is "insufficient knowledge" (p. 149)—on an island where 80,000 to 100,000 people were killed in the anti-Communist massacres of 1965—66. But if this book is too positive in presenting an image of Balinese as harmonious and creative—an image that incidentally is not so different from one that Bateson produced in some of his other work on Bali—this is because the negative views of Balinese culture have predominated for so long. This book puts Bateson's and Mead's study into its proper context: it was a brave and radical anthropological experiment produced in a colonial context. It was not the definitive statement on Balinese culture. In our post-colonial world, the best role that Western scholars can have is one similar to George Jensen's in this book: a cooperative and collaborative role in producing Balinese assertions of identity. This book is not to be ignored, for it is a starting point for more complex discussions of the issues which it raises.