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Maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia revisited: will new agents rekindle an old interest?

Purpose of reviewThe potential and limitations of the established cytotoxic chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia have been assessed by recent large-scale clinical trials. A further progress would require the contribution of alternative approaches. Recent findingsEarly results from more specific, less toxic, targeted agents are now available. Major options under investigation are demethylating drugs and inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, farnesylation and angiogenesis. ConclusionSome of the novel agents, such as demethylating drugs, appear predestined for prolonged maintenance treatment due to their delayed antileukemic mechanism.