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Quantifying the light absorption and source attribution of insoluble light-absorbing particles on Tibetan Plateau glaciers between 2013 and 2015

Abstract. The deposition of
insoluble light-absorbing particles (ILAPs) on snow and ice surfaces can
significantly reduce albedo, thereby accelerating the melting process. In
this study, 67 ice samples were collected from seven glaciers located on the
Tibetan Plateau (TP) between May 2013 and October 2015. The mixing ratios of
black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust (MD) were measured
with an integrating sphere/integrating sandwich spectrophotometer (ISSW) system,
which assumes that the light absorption of MD is due to iron oxide (Fe). Our
results indicate that the mass-mixing ratios of BC, OC, and Fe exhibit
considerable variability (BC: 10–3100 ng g−1; OC:
10–17 000 ng g−1; Fe: 10–3500 ng g−1) with respective mean
values of 220±400 ng g−1, 1360±2420 ng g−1, and
240±450 ng g−1 over the course of the field campaign. We
observed that for wavelengths of 450–600 nm, the measured light absorption
can be largely attributed to the average light absorption of BC (50.7 %)
and OC (33.2 %). Chemical elements and selected carbonaceous particles
were also analyzed for source attributions of particulate light absorption
based on a positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model. Our findings
indicate that on average, industrial pollution (33.1 %), biomass or
biofuel burning (29.4 %), and MD (37.5 %) constitute the principal
sources of ILAPs deposited on TP glaciers.
