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A Geometry of His Own: Hemingway's "Out of Season"

The appropriation of an author's intention, the assumption that the reader knows better than the author what a work "means," is a common offense in literary criticism. More often than not, this fault is the result of confusing an author's biography with his fiction, of treating a work of imagination as if it were merely artful reportage. Ernest Hemingway's stories have been vulnerable to this misappropriation because many of them have close biographical analogues, and as a result his critics have often confused his work with his life. It is still a popular misconception that the "Hemingway hero" is a thinly veiled self-portrait, that his stories are fragments of unintentional autobiography, and, as Philip Young has declared, "that even a reasonable separation of the man from his writing never will in this case be possible" (263). By confusing Hemingway's