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How we hear The conscious awareness of sound takes place near the surface of the brain, when a pattern of electrical activity traveling up the nerve of hearing from the ear

The conscious awareness of sound takes place near the surface of the brain, when a pattern of electrical activity traveling up the nerve of hearing from the ear reaches the auditory cortex. (Figure 1) The hearing nerve has about 30,000 fibres, and patterns of electrical activity in these fibres are matched with other patterns, which are held in the auditory, or hearing memory. The cochlea, or inner ear, which changes sound waves into these electrical patterns, is a surprisingly noisy place, where continuous mechanical and electrical activity in 17,000 hair cells can now be monitored with sensitive, computer enhanced, listening devices (otoacoustic emissions). Most of what we hear is a sequence of different sounds, like speech or music. In infancy, new sound experiences are stored in an information hungry, but relatively empty auditory cortex. Later on there is a continuous process of matching familiar memory patterns with those coming from the ear. Each time a pattern from the ears is matched with a pattern in the auditory memory we have the experience of hearing and recognizing a sound. Putting together these matched patterns starts a process of evaluation. Another part of the brain close to this initial hearing centre is involved in the meaning of what we hear, and in interpreting the language. If it's a foreign language we can hear the sound but may not understand the meaning.