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To retrospectively review and assess the survival rate of newborns admitted over 3 years to a Newborn Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Institute in Northern India

Objective: The aim of study was to study morbidity and mortality profile of newborns admitted to Sick Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) and to assess their survival rate over a period of 3 years. Materials and Methods: It was a observational retrospective study done over a span of 3 years from January 2017 to December 2019. The case records of all neonates admitted to SNCU during this period were scrutinized. The birth weight, gestational age at birth, morbidity profile, mortality profile were noted down. Results: Main causes of admission were found to be low birth weight (LBW), Prematurity, birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Prematurity accounted for 46.3%, 47.42% and 45.34% of NICU admissions over 3 years. LBW newborns accounted for 52.81%, 49.11% and 42.63% of total admissions. Neonatal hyperbillirubinemia accounted for 40.71%, 47.79% and 52.69% of total admissions. Major causes of mortality were found to be sepsis, birth asphyxia and prematurity. Sepsis was observed to be cause of mortality in 33.01%, 37.72% and 23.32% of total deaths. Prematurity and hyaline membrane disease accounted for 30.62%, 23.17% and 33.18% of total deaths. Mortality rates were found to be very high in <1000 gm weight group (71.7%, 69.2%, 68.7%) over 3 years. Severe Birth asphyxia was found to be cause in 27.76%, 33.64% and 33.63% of total deaths. There was constant decline in mortality rate in all weight groups in LBW over 3 years. Overall Survival rate of newborns admitted was found to be 90.2%. Conclusion: Our study revealed that Prematurity, LBW, birth asphyxia, neonatal hyperbillirubinemia and sepsis were major causes for SNCU admission. Sepsis, birth asphyxia and prematurity were main contributors to mortality. Survival outcome of newborns mainly LBW and preterm has increased steadily over the last three years.