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Single-pass rendering of composable volumetric lens effects

We describe an efficient single-pass rendering approach for composable 3D volumetric lenses. Composing rendering effects by intersecting multiple 3D lenses is a logical and intuitive extension of the Magic Lens metaphor and volumetric lenses. However, 3D lens composition was once considered intractable and recent multi-lens approaches require a number of passes that can grow exponentially with lens count. They generally involve substantial per-frame data structure generation or advanced techniques such as depth peeling. In contrast, we summarize a simple and effective technique that renders intersecting lenses of various shapes and effects in a single pass, does not require the maintenance of costly data structures, and can easily be incorporated into existing real-time rendering systems. It also supports more flexibility in the way complex lens effects are combined by using shade tree concepts to build composite shader programs.