What is Rabbit MQ?

What is Rabbit MQ?


1. What is Rabbit MQ?

Rabbit MQ is an server application, it is a message broker which implement AMQP (Advanced Message Queue Protocol). It works like a post service, which take the message from sender and dispatch that message to the receiver.

Some terminologies:

  • Producer: send message to queue
  • Queue: hold all message added by producer and dispatch those message to a consumer
  • Consumer: receive message from

2. What is Rabbit MQ used for?

RabbitMQ is a message broker server that receive and dispatch/distribute messages to back end services that handle/process heavy tasks. It helps to build a big system can handle large amount of request

3. Features list


Flexible Routing



Highly Available Queues

RabbitMQ supports messaging over a variety of messaging protocols.

Many Clients

Management UI

If your messaging system is misbehaving, RabbitMQ offers tracing support to let you find out what’s going on.

4. Implement models

4.1. Supported Model

  • Default exchange
    Message from Producer will be pushed directly to message queue and Consumber will receive message on the same queue. Producer and Consumer must know the name of the queue

  • Fanout exchange
    Every message is pushed to Fanout exchange,it will be pushed to all all queues which subscribe this Exchange

  • Direct exachange
    If a Consumer only want to filter received message, it will bind to one or many routing_key. When Exchange have new message, it will append that message to all queue which subscribe same routing_key with message. If message’s routing key does not match any subscriber, it will be discarded

  • Topic exchange
    This type of exchange allow more complicated filter, it use pattern to filter topic. Topic string format contains many words and separate by dot [.] # to replace 0 or many words * to replace exactly one word Example:
    publish topic: kern.logs.error, security.log.warning pattern: *.*.error, kern.#

  • Headers exchange

4.2. Direct message:

Producer send message directy to message queue To send message direct to queue, set exchange name to empty string Many consumer can subcribe same queue. Message will be dispatched using FIFO rule




channel.basic_consume(callback, # callback function to handle message

{{< mermaid >}} graph LR; A((Producer))—>Q[queue]; Q —> C((Consumer 1)); Q —> C2((Consumer 2)); Q —> C3(( ……)); {{< /mermaid >}}

4.3. Publish message via Exchange(publish/subcribe)

Exchange: acts like an agent, it receives messages from Producer and pushes them to appropriate queue. The idea of exchange is to separate Producer from queues. Producers do not need to know about queues, it simply sends message to exchange, and Exchanges will know how/ which queue to append message to or discard them.

Routing key comes with publish and subscribe. Instead of knowing name of queue, producer now only need know routing key, it sends messages to Exchange with routing key. Each time Exchange receives a message, it will check message’s routing key and push that message to all Consumer which subscribe that routing key.

{{< mermaid >}} graph LR; P1((P1))—>E(Exchange); P2((P2))—>E; E—>|Black|Q1[Queue1]; E—>|Green|Q2[Queue2]; E—>|Blue|Q2[Queue2]; Q1—>C1((C1)); Q2—>C2((C2)); {{< /mermaid >}}


# firs we need to declare an exchange
# four types of exchange: fanout, headers, topic, direct


# need to bind queue to a specific exchange

4.4. RPC

> Client send request to Server, Method is defined at server and Client should know exactly which function server has. > Client push request to a queue and server subscribe this queue > Server push result to another queue and clien subscribe this queue

{{< mermaid >}} graph LR C((Client))—>Q1[request queue] Q1—> S((Server)) Q2[result queue] —>C S—> Q2 style C fill:orange style S fill:pink {{< /mermaid >}}

5. Use case

6. References

Categories: Tech
Tags: Rabbit MQ Queue