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10804/18/2019 02:51
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Pig brains partially revived after death
Pig brains partially revived after death






How was it done?

Thirty-two pig brains were collected from an abattoir.



The pig brains were given the restorative cocktail for six hours.

What did the study show?

The study, published in the journal Nature showed a reduction in brain cell death, the restoration of blood vessels and some brain activity.

The researchers found working synapses - the connections between brain cells that allow them to communicate.

The brains also showed a normal response to medication and used up the same amount of oxygen as a normal brain.

This was all 10 hours after the pigs were decapitated.


Fundamentally they were still dead brains.

What have we learned?

The research transforms ideas about how the brain dies, which many thought happened quickly and irreversibly without a supply of oxygen.

Prof Nenad Sestan, a professor of neuroscience at Yale University, said: "Cell death in the brain occurs across a longer time window that we previously thought.


"And that some of those processes can be either postponed, preserved or even reversed."

Are these experiments ethical?




In that case they would have used anaesthetic and ended the experiment.

Ethicists, writing in Nature, say new guidelines are needed for this field because animals used for research could end up in a "grey area - not alive, but not completely dead".

What is the point?


The organ is the most complex structure in the known universe, but techniques such as freezing slices of the brain or growing colonies of brain cells in a dish do not let researchers explore the full 3D wiring of the brain.

In the long term, scientists hope to find better ways of protecting the brain after traumas such as a stroke or being starved of oxygen at birth.

Dr Andrea Beckel-Mitchener, from the Brain Initiative at the US National Institute of Mental Health, said: "This line of research could lead to a whole new way of studying the post-mortem brain.

"It also could stimulate research to develop interventions that promote brain recovery after loss of brain blood flow."

However, the researchers say it is still far too early for the field to make a difference to patients after injury.

Prof Sestan said: "We don't yet have knowledge whether we would be able to restore normal brain function."

Does this change the meaning of death?

At the moment no, but some ethicists say we should have the debate now as people who are "brain dead" are a major source of organs for transplant.

Prof Dominic Wilkinson, a professor of medical ethics and a consultant neonatologist in Oxford, said: "Once someone has been diagnosed as 'brain dead' there is currently no way for that person to ever recover.

"The human person that they were has gone forever.

"If, in the future, it were possible to restore the function of the brain after death, to bring back someone's mind and personality, that would, of course, have important implications for our definitions of death."

But that is not currently the case.


"It is instead a temporary preservation of some of the more basic cell functions in the pig brain, not the preservation of thought and personality."

Could the pigs' brains be aware?

In this experiment the answer is a clear no. The brains were effectively silent.

But the research does ask as many questions as it answers:

How long can the researchers keep brains going? Would the results be even better if the researchers did not wait four hours before starting? Also, the team used drugs to suppress brain activity - would the decapitated brains have been aware if they hadn't?

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