New regulations on over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreen ingredients proposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are designed to make tanning products safer and more effective. It was noted that some of the ingredient requirements had not been updated in several decades and the new standards would be in line with current scientific data. These changes are especially important since skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States.

Regulation changes

Among its provisions, the proposal addresses sunscreen active ingredient safety, dosage forms, sun protection factor (SPF) and broad-spectrum requirements. It also proposes updates to how products are labeled to make it easier for consumers to identify key product information. A minimum SPF of 15 is considered essential in sunscreen products in fighting skin cancer and skin damage. FDA has questioned the safety and effectiveness of twelve common ingredients in currently marketed sunscreen products.

Some commonly used elements are acceptable, however. Research shows that zinc oxide and titanium dioxide should be approved for use in sunscreens. Conversely, two other commonly used ingredients, PABA and trolamine salicylate, have raised concern. The new regulations would define which could be included to receive the designation of "FDA approved" on packaging.

Types of skin cancer

There are several types of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma is diagnosed annually in about four million Americans, making it the most common kind of skin cancer. Originating in the deepest level of the skin, it usually does not spread beyond the original tumor.

The second most common skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. It is caused by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the skin's outer layer. These cells can be disfiguring and can sometimes lead to death if untreated. Diagnoses have increased 200% during the last thirty years, now affecting over one million Americans each year.

Melanoma is less common but more dangerous than basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma. It is responsible for most skin cancer deaths. Melanoma is much more likely to spread to other tissue, thereby increasing its danger.

Skin cancer symptoms

There are several warning signs that should be taken seriously regarding skin cancer. A change in skin color, including a new growth on the skin, could be symptomatic. A sore that doesn't heal or a change in characteristics of a mole could also be signs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has created its "A-B-C-D-E" criteria on signs of skin cancer. If a mole or spot is asymmetrical (A) that could be a symptom. "B" refers to the border of a mole. If it is uneven or jagged, that is a possible symptom. Uneven color (C), a diameter (D) larger than a pea and an evolving (E) or changing spot complete the CDC warning signs.

Prevention and treatment

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) that causes or exacerbates skin cancer is on the minds of many during the warmer months of the year. But CDC recommends that people be cognizant of UV danger all year long. Methods to help prevent skin cancer include staying indoors during midday hours, wearing clothing that covers the arms and legs, wearing hats and sunglasses and using sunscreen. Avoiding indoor tanning booths is also recommended as a way to help prevent skin cancer.

There are several options in treating skin cancer. They include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Additionally, photodynamic therapy uses lasers, immunotherapy uses the patient's immune system and targeted therapy utilizes drugs in treatment. A chemical peel employs a solution to dissolve skin layers in treatment. Other drugs, such as retinoid related to vitamin A, are also treatment possibilities.

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