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Moataz Eltoukhy, Christopher Kuenze, Jeonghoon Oh, Eryn Apanovitch, Lauren Butler and Joseph F. Signorile

mechanisms, like pivoting, sudden deceleration, and direction change without player contact. 4 Noncontact ACL injury occurs frequently in sports that involve cutting maneuverers, 5 causing short- 6 , 7 and long-term morbidity. 8 Specifically, young females have been consistently shown to experience

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Roya Khanmohammadi, Saeed Talebian, Mohammad Reza Hadian, Gholamreza Olyaei and Hossein Bagheri

The purpose of study was to demonstrate age-related changes during gait initiation (GI). Therefore, displacement, velocity, total power, mean and median frequency of COP trajectories were measured during phases of GI in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. The older group demonstrated the slower and lesser displacement in comparison with the younger group during anticipatory phase in AP direction and during locomotor phase in AP and ML directions. In addition, the median and mean frequency were greater in the older relative to the younger group during anticipatory phase in AP direction, while these were lesser in older than younger group during locomotor phase in AP and ML directions. Moreover, total power was greater among older than younger adults during the anticipatory phase in ML direction and during all phases in AP direction. This study suggests that COP-related parameters extracted from time and frequency domains have the ability to demonstrate age-related changes.

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Florian Loffing and Norbert Hagemann

When anticipating future events like an opponent’s stroke direction in tennis, players are assumed to rely on both kinematic and contextual cues such as an opponent’s on-court position. However, knowledge of position dependency in shot-direction probabilities and experimental evidence of the effect of on-court position on action-outcome anticipation is missing. Here we show that shot-direction probabilities vary as a function of a hitting player’s on-court position in professional tennis. Moreover, unlike novices, skilled players in particular relied on information about an opponent’s position when anticipating forehand baseline shot direction in a video-based experiment. The position dependency in skilled players’ prediction behavior was most evident when little information on an opponent’s stroke kinematics was available. Findings suggest that skilled players consider the reliability of different information sources by weighting the available contextual and kinematic cues differently in the course of an opponent’s unfolding action.

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Uta Sailer, Florian Güldenpfennig and Thomas Eggert

This study investigated the effect of hand movements on behavioral and electro-physiological parameters of saccade preparation. While event-related potentials were recorded in 17 subjects, they performed saccades to a visual target either together with a hand movement in the same direction, a hand movement in the opposite direction, a hand movement to a third, independent direction, or without any accompanying hand movements. Saccade latencies increased with any kind of accompanying hand movement. Both saccade and manual latencies were largest when both movements aimed at opposite directions. In contrast, saccade-related potentials indicating preparatory activity were mainly affected by hand movements in the same direction. The data suggest that concomitant hand movements interfere with saccade preparation, particularly when the two movements involve motor preparations that access the same visual stimulus. This indicates that saccade preparation is continually informed about hand movement preparation.

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Wim H. van Lier, John van der Kamp and Geert J.P. Savelsbergh

We assessed how golfers cope with the commonly observed systematic overshoot errors in the perception of the direction between the ball and the hole. Experiments 1 and 2, in which participants were required to rotate a pointer such that it pointed to the center of the hole, showed that errors in perceived direction (in degrees of deviation from the perfect aiming line) are destroyed when the head is constrained to move within a plane perpendicular to the green. Experiment 3 compared the errors in perceived direction and putting errors of novice and skilled players. Unlike the perceived direction, putting accuracy (in degrees of deviation from the perfect aiming line) was not affected by head position. Novices did show a rightward putting error, while skilled players did not. We argue that the skill-related differences in putting accuracy reflect a process of recalibration. Implications for aiming in golf are discussed.

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Davide Ferioli, Andrea Bosio, Johann C. Bilsborough, Antonio La Torre, Michele Tornaghi and Ermanno Rampinini

. Basketball is an intermittent team sport characterized by changes of actions every 2 to 3 seconds 10 ; therefore, neuromuscular abilities (ie, power, strength, and speed) are heavily taxed during basketball matches. 11 Specifically, the ability to quickly change direction and jumping performance appear to

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Christian A. Clermont, Andrew J. Pohl and Reed Ferber

calculated. Next, the regularity of the accelerometer waveform in each direction was defined using an unbiased autocorrelation procedure. This procedure computes the correlation within the waveform at a phase shift equal to the average step time (REG STEP_ML , REG STEP_V , REG STEP_AP , and REG STEP

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Margaret McGladrey, Angela Carman, Christy Nuetzman and Nicole Peritore

participating organizations and agencies known in the collective impact model as the backbone support organization. 17 , 18 Hanleybrown et al 18 define the necessary skills of backbone support organizations as 6 essential functions: (1) providing overall strategic direction, (2) facilitating dialog between

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change of direction (COD) speed tests. 2 The efficacy of resistance and plyometric training (PT) modes is so extensively recognized that some authors argue that further studies comparing the effect of different conditioning programs against a control group that only perform soccer training are not

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Lori Gano-Overway, Pete Van Mullem, Melissa Long, Melissa Thompson, Bob Benham, Christine Bolger, Andrew Driska, Anthony Moreno and Dan Schuster

into eight domains representing overarching knowledge and skill areas associated with coaching responsibilities. The revised national standards were renamed the National Standards for Sport Coaches with a stated purpose to “provide direction for coaching educators, sport administrators, coaches