.....vf,,v..........r r. ;,,.r." r.1vA .:^VV....... ~ ^ :r: ... ..%Vfl:::::.f.*% . . . . ..'.....V...V '. Seventy-Seven Years of Editorial Freedom EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS ROGER RAPOPORT: The Shape of Things To Come lb -. - Where Opinions Are Free, 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH. Truth Will Prevail NEws PHONE: 764-0552 ".:: ".":": "" " {l'<1"" M1."'.t..; : 4;;:v}:":':"1:?:":ti "1:'.' titi":ti^ : :" '.1 ". t"": :1};ti":ti": "..'tl{ " ".1 :;:. 1 1 11.., r 1.":".x.1 .1: {.-.^:.." ... .,. . .: ...:............... ::.....:a.1"..-...1".,":;::":, ":.:{:;o-t,::.?t";:.:.".?. ".;:." :t,.rvtiix"::t1sv;"a;,t';i":, :eat'1ti Rwa: ':1 . ' '*'r.'3*':4.fi .^{S{1 " "+w:, !. .1 :'* . +. , Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1968 NIGHT EDITOR: LUCY KENNEDY The Chaos That is China: The 'Cultural Revolution'-1 HE RECENT visit of Harald Munthe- Kaas, Peking correspondent for the Scandanavian News Agency, provides an excellent opportunity for reflecting on the fate of China in the wake of that nation's famous "cultural revolu- tion." Munthe-Kaas, a political scientist, is particularly qualified to discuss the recent events within China. Still, he does not consider himself an expert in Chinese area studies for, as the old adage goes, "There are no China ex- perts only various degrees of ignor- ance." Nevertheless his long experience in- side the Chinese "wall" and his resi- dency in Peking make him one of the few veterans with a first hand knowl- edge of what is really happening in the strife-torn nation. Munthe-Kaas sees the cultural revo- lution in its early stages as an attempt to create in China a "classless, Marx- Ist Leninist Maoist, society." Unfor- tunately, though, for the Chinese it got out of hand. IN JUNE 1966 the schools were closed and the students encouraged to par- ticipate in the cultural revolution. Red Guard units were formed to promote that revolution. They ranged in age from four to 91 with the primary age group between 12 and 25. According to Munthe-Kaas the Red Guards soon factionalized and a bitter intra-revolutionary struggle resulted. For example Peking University began with one Red Guard group and with- in two months 16 others sprouted up. As the fighting grew more fierce the Maoists instructed the army to sup- port the most leftist or extreme of the groups in their area. This strategy backfired. The slighted groups coa- lesced against the army. Raids of army compounds were not uncommon and the violence and turmoil grew to an even greater scale. The latest phase of the cultural revolution came last summer. The regional commanders of the army ap- parently got together and decided that their most important goal would be to reestablish order, regardless of the var- ious political inclinations represented. The army had considerable difficulty in subduing the masses of urban China, but by early autumn the situ- 5.tion in the cities was sufficiently quieted down so that children could be sent back to school and the nation could return to, at least, a semblance of order. THE RESULT is that the army has become the center of power in China. The pragmatists have tempo- rarily won out, and the revolutionists, in the wake of their abortive upheaval have been forced to settle down. The important question arising out of the cultural revolution is what is to be the future of China? Can she put herself back on her feet, or is the col- lapse of the government of the world's most populous country imminent. Mr. Munthe-Kaas indicated that China may be headed for disintegra- tion and chaos. He feels that the vio- lence of the two year cultural revolu- tion may have done irreparable dam- age to China's government. There are several factors which in- dicate this. First the cultural revolu- tion has left tangled mass of confusion in China's cities. The displacement of roughly 100 mil- lion students poses a formidable ob- stacle to a "return to normalcy." Al- though the students returned to the classrooms in October, Munthe-Kaas testifies that except for a few experi- mental schools "today, the schools have not reopened in any meaningful way." Schooling seems to consist of reading the works of Chairman Mao in the morning and some loosely organized exercise in the afternoon. THE PROBLEM does not lie with the students but rather what is to be "I'M SORRY," the Northwest Airlines supervisor at Detroit Metro Airport said, "but we're not accepting any checks on the Ann Arbor bank. Too many have bounced." Had I been smart I would have hopped back on the limousine and returned to Ann Arbor. What's the point in going to Washington unless there's some kind of protest demonstration. going on? But I had enough cash to pay for a stand-by ticket on a Thursday evening flight to Washington's National Airport, appropriatelS the most outmoded major airport in the country. Actually I don't regret my going, for I did manage to learn a few things during the trip. They come from those "usually informed sources" and I pass them on for what they are worth. THE MOST SIGNIFICANT NEWS coming out of Washington is that the President is expected to issue an executive order shortly that will suspend the current policy of drafting the oldest men in the draft pool first. If the existing policy would be implemented, it would push the percentage of draftees that are college grad- uates from the current 5 per cent to about 66 per cent. (College graduates won't be getting deferred for most graduate study this year.) Basically the new plan calls for an equal percentage of men to be drafted from each age group. For example, if 19 years old are 15 per cent of the 1-A draft pool, then 15 per cent of one month's inductees will be 19 years olds. This means that all the colloge graduates who are the oldest will not all be snapped up immediately-but rather over a sustained period of time. The new policy is expected to be announced in re- sponse to pressure from both the universities and the army The universities are worried about losing graduate students and the Army prefers to train younger men- they're more pliable THE INCREDIBLE LYNDON JOHNSON apparently has everything wrapped up for 1968 unless a coronary gets in the way Not only is he going to win, but he could actually win as a "peace candidate." Here's the thinking. First off, McCarthy is a stand-in without a prayer. Bobby Kennedy is politically dead- not only has he alienated the college kids and the liberals (by being too quiet on Vietnam) but the Boston Irish types are turning off (too -few haircuts too many trips to Sun Valley). He figures he can't beat LBJ anyway and since he is optimistic enough to think we'll all be around in 1972, he's willing to wait. That brings us to the Republicans. The only sane hope is Rockefeller. But even if he comes out and runs, his Vietnam stance will not be much better than Johnson's. A group of anti-war leaders led by Harvard Prof. Henr:y Kissinger visited Rockefeller a few weeks ago and tried to persuade him to run for peace. Not only did Rocky decline, but he espoused the Dean Rusk "Munich" linc about containing Communist ex-. pansion. That's the best the Republicans can offer us this year. That leaves Nixor and Reagan both of whose politics are scarcely worth discussing seriously. So Lyndon is in relatively good shape. He has the nomination sewn up and the Republicans have no availa- ble doves that could possibly secure the nominations. THERE IS LITTLE SERIOUS DOUBT that Johnson can get negotiations started when he feels it expedient. Some figure he has simply been waiting so he could batter the Viet Cong an( Hanoi into the weakest possible bar- gaining position. But the events of the past few weeks seem to in- dicate that Johnson's military men are going to get him no closer to the "unconditional" style negotiations he is looking for. In fact a softening in the negotiation line was pointed up by the new Secretary of Defense Clark Clifford in testimony before the Senate Armed Services Commit- tee on Jan. 25. Clifford mad, a new negotiating offer. He said that during negotiations, enemy "military activity will con- tinue in South Vietnam. I assume that they will continue to transport the normal amount of goods, munitions, and men, to South Vietnam. I assume that we will con- tinue to maintain our forces and support our forces during that period " In other words for the first time we are not insisting that the Viet Cong and Hanoi cease all military action in the South as a prerequisite to negotiations. This and similai concessions could easily lead to negotiations by canpaign time. From there Johnson's camnaign rhetoric is simple: "I have started our country in the road to peace in Vietnam. To change leadership at this crucial time could injure our delicate talks and eventually cost the lives of our brave and patriotic boys." IN ADDITION SOME THINK the Democratic conven- tion was deliberately scheduled in Chicago's ghetto-based Amphitheater to prompt , violent demonstrations from civil rights, anti-way and anti-draft groups. The politi- cians apparently figure Johnson will win a large sym- pathy vote from people dismayed by the protesters trying to break up the convention with demonstrations and the like. There is even some talk that Johnson might choose not to run for reelection. Here's how one top -analyst writes the speech: "I am 60'years old, I have had a heart attack. I have started the country on the road to the Great Society where a man can breathe fresh air, swim in clean water, educate his children-. in fine schools, and play pinocchle on Sunday night. I have started the country on the road to a lasting and just peace that will preserve the in- tegrity of Southeast Asia." One other thought is that Johnson might try to shaft the Republicans by waiting until after the Republican convention before dropping out. This move would always help him appoint his own successor (like Humphrey) to the detriment of other hopefuls like Bobby. But the chances of Johnson dropping out seem re- mote. "Only Lady Bird could probably talk him into it," said one Washington observer. STILL THERE ARE A FEW encouraging signs amidst all the gloom. One is that Dean Rusk is considered likely to leave even though Johnson is reelected. And virtually everyone is up in arms over the way the war is going. For one thing, those "enemy casualty statistics" for the past week (over 17,000 dead according to an allied "body" count) are viewed as vastly inflated, since the same military sources can't even give a full indication of which areas we now have under control. And it is generally acknowledged that diplomatic handling of the Pueblo incident has been prudent. Even Dean Rusk now concedes he can't rule out the possi- bility that the ship slipped out of international waters, One hope is that talks over the Pueblo will provide a basis for talks on Vietnam. In 1953 talks on the Berlin crisis eventually led to the fruitful Geneva con- ference on Indochina. But then, that Geneva agreement doesn't seem to have worked out so well. Perhaps we'll do better the second time around. Harald Munthe-Kaas very eager to return to school - and get on with a career. Tne enthusiasm demonstrated at the outset of the cultural revolution has apparently been tarnished by the vio- lence and political intrigue students were at one time so intimately con- nected with. China, though, is having trouble re- opening the schools. Much of the Chi- nese faculty refuses to teach again. They have no desire to educate the same people who denounced and even beat them in the furious moments of the revolution. Moreover much of the physical plant of the school system has been destroyed or irreparably damaged during the two year "vaca- tion," most particularly furniture and bodks. China is faced with a mass of dis- contented students whose ultimate desire is to obtain an education as quickly and efficiently as possible and then integrate themselves as useful members of society. With the complete disruption of the cultural revolution it seems almost impossible that China will be able to occupy the students productively for quite some time. In this event the students could once against become a politically disruptive force, and the next time the students decide to leave school the catalyst is unlikely to be state-sponsored or state-condoned. The return to normal industrial op- erations also poses a problem. Although details concerning China's loss during the cultural revolution are not avail- able, journalists have reported that conflicts have arisen between the old managers invited back to their jobs and the revolutionary replacements installed during the height of the cul- tural revolution. Thi. conflict of management will only intensify the difficulty of restor- ing a seriously hampered industrial complex. 1IUNTHE-KAAS spoke of a problem that is potentially more disruptive than a discontented student popula- tion. He maintains that there is, as in this nation, a vacuous "credibility gap" between the rulers and the ruled in China. This "credibility gap" manifests it- slf most clearly in the agricultural population. Munthe-Kaas who has travelled extensively in rural China clarns that the peasantry has fallen outside the rule of Peking. Although the non-urban communities maintain the communal structure instituted un- der Maoism, they have developed an increasingly evident tendency toward independence and autonomy. The party cadres sent out during the cultural revolution have been as- similated into the community. The material incentives introduced after the failure of the "great leap forward" have taken deep root. Privaterplots have become more common in recent 'TrarTc, A* PlOTS 1K) -me: (5M~TfO~. FEIFFER AO) Uc'XALATIi6 Oay. c cU~G WCCtP$ ELEC RAIPOITICS. r 1K OC~6F K Dist, ub RI T5 10 THE OETTos, 1 C12Ik fT' UTUCIP.6TS I 16 A FREE cOcI&y THPE 15 ALAAYS A CHOICE.j T CAKM VOTE FOR kIcHAgQ NIXOP' OR LcMUK) O $I, ) 'ableihaIau SYU& The Answer is Blowing in Your Mind 4 By JIM HECK CHARLIE BROWN is alive! He's got rings in his fingers and bells on his hair and lives in a '41 Dodge Truck. "I want everbody turned on," nused one of America's leading hyppies in a recent interview yes- terday. Ever since Charlie quit school at Berkeley six years ago, "in grder to educate myself," he has been traveling the country in a :ire attempt to "save the world from the Salve-Makers." He talks with his local police and mayor in the hippy area of california, explaining to them the meanings of the hippy movement. "I want to solve their problems. I represent a large element of society, so people listen to me, they have to." Charlie has run for the mayor- ship of Berkeley and is presently -ampaigning for the area Con- gressional post. "My opponent is much more -ompetent than me," Charlie ad- mits. "But my purpose is to com- municate. I will have won, even if I don't get elected." BUT THE Hippy Movement is much more effective than Char- tie's personal attempts in the realm of political affairs. Charlie is quick to tell about Sun-Bear, that hangs jingling from his neck. "In the fourth dimension we are all God. The God-Head is in you. God is a universal mind sub- stance. We are all one. We are all God." "My Life is Scientology and drugs," Charlies explains. "My spiritual guides came to me re- 3ently and said, 'Well, CB, it's time to do the thing.'" His "thing" turned out to be taking 1500 micrograms of LSD :n Easter Sunday. "I was in jail for two days," he giggled. SCIENTIOLOGY is the ideology in which he receives instruction from his "guru." His guru is an electronics whiz who works on top classified defense projects. The guru works in the "spy-in- the-sky" project, and has pro- grammed the computers so that if the bomb button is ever pushed nothing will happen. "He's such a genius they can go over the program as much as they like and won't even find a thing." All Life, according to Charlie, is between good guys and bad guys. The bad guys are the 'Slave-Makers" who work in a gia.nt conspiracy to "drive people into the cities where they become sependent on an economic system that traps them." CHARLIE wants to see everyone head out into the open lands, "where it is healthier" and where each man can grow his own food, build his own house and raise his own children. "We will cybernate the indus- tries, and people will live with nature." Charlie was once an Indian, Little Eagle, by "previous exist- ness." Existness to Charlie is a continuing stream of rebirths. The whole universe is together dne "existence, one God-Head." "It's utterly absurd to think that life on this planet happened only once. Universes and dimen- sions are endless and infinite, how could it be otherwise?" "Every planet that's like the earth, is inevitably going to have an evolution. God is a great en- gineer. But most of the life on our planet is not native." . Charlie thinks that the dif- ferent races is a good example to prove originally many men came from other planets. "I myself, came from Cyrus II 6,000 years ago." HE WARNS peoples of the world to be hesitant about war. "If we have a nuclear war, we'll end up the same way the tpeople on the planet between Mars and Jupiter ended up: as asteroids." Men have corrupted the law, he feels. "Oour founding fathers set up a fine system. They set up rule by law and not of men. They set up an jinstrument higher than themselves." "But then, the Slave-Makers got control." Education, too, is stifled. Not everyone need quit school, Charlie believes, but "everyone should drop out at least once." "Drugs are only one way-my way. There's music, TV ads." Charlie explains that after seeing TV ads he "knew there were a lot of pot-heads on Madison Avenue." "Lots of people do use drugs, though to get high." "My sources indicate that Bob Kennedy had a bad trip on acid. The whole San Francisco Chron- icle-all a bunch of pot-heads." In fact, there are so many pot- heads in the California legislature, Charlie feels certain marijuana 4i _I ,I a¢-: :#:? iii 'h:j; l;%:'