Società editrice il Mulino it 1827-2517 Editoriale Luigi Castelli, Nicoletta Cavazza 2015 10.1482/80759 10.1482/80759 1 95 96 Relazione fra identità e malattia cronica: una rassegna sistematica Le patologie croniche costituiscono oggi un importante fattore di invalidità. Con la presente rassegna ci si è interrogati in merito all'impatto che lo sviluppo di tali patologie può avere sull'identità. In letteratura sono stati individuati diversi focus attentivi: sull'identità in generale o su specifiche dimensioni identitarie. A livello generale sono stati evidenziati tre modelli di impatto che si differenziano per la possibilità di ricostruire o meno una continuità nella vita dei pazienti. Gli studi che si sono concentrati su specifiche dimensioni identitarie hanno evidenziato che la patologia cronica, soprattutto quando grave, costituisce una minaccia per autostima, autoefficacia e continuità dei pazienti intaccandone il benessere. Infine, la patologia cronica, soprattutto quanto visibile, minaccia l'immagine corporea e risulta essere frequentemente associata a stigma e delegittimazione. Giulia Borsari, Tiziana Mancini 2015 10.1482/80760 10.1482/80760 2 97 122 Collective action as response to unresponsive institutions: A psychological insight into the theory of counter-democracy This paper offers psychological insight into the theory of counter-democracy developed by Rosanvallon to explain the peculiar features of grassroots activism in the contemporary age. The study, which involved 292 grassroots activists from a variety of groups, was aimed at empirically testing some potential psychological correlates of counter-democracy. In particular, we explored the assumption that the perception of institutions as unresponsive to the citizens' needs and demands is likely to activate a «counter-democratic syndrome » (including a cognitive component, i.e., paranoid social cognition and dogmatism, and a moral-affective component, i.e., moral convictions, moral superiority, and contempt for politicians). The results provided partial support to the hypotheses while simultaneously suggesting that the psychological transposition of the model needs to be further refined and retested. Terri Mannarini, Marco Boffi, Sonia Brondi, Mauro Sarrica 2015 10.1482/80761 10.1482/80761 3 123 140 Exposure to politicized media and prejudice against immigrants in Italy: Identifying its impact and psychological mediators Politics play a pivotal role in shaping the modern media. The political parallelism of the media differs from country to country and is known to be high in Italy. Therefore, an Italian sample of 244 females and 178 males (M age = 33.6, SD = 13.3) was gathered investigating the link between exposure to right- and left-wing oriented media and people's prejudice towards immigrants. As expected, results indicated that exposure to right-wing oriented media (both newspapers and newscasts) correlated positively with levels of prejudice, even when controlling for people's political orientation, their direct contact with immigrants, and the level of prejudice of their socializing agents. In a similar model, exposure to left-wing oriented newspapers correlated negatively with people's prejudice. Finally, a set of mediation models showed which psychological processes lie at the basis of these links: fear of crime, the endorsement of norms of non-discrimination and biased perceptions of the frequency with which immigrants commit crimes showed to mediate the relation between politicized media and prejudice. Jeroen Vaes, Marcella Latrofa, Alessio Vieno, Massimiliano Pastore 2015 10.1482/80762 10.1482/80762 4 141 160 The gender-based stereotype about food is on the table. Food choice also depends on co-eater's gender Previous research has shown that different foods are stereotypically associated with gender and that eating in a role-congruent way fulfills an impression management function. On the other hand, other studies revealed that adapting one's food consumption to that of the co-eaters is a means to gain social approval as well. In the present study, we bridge these two distinct lines of research by studying what happens when the two norms (conforming to the gender-based stereotype and imitating the co-eater) conflict, that is with opposite-sex co-eaters. Results indicated that the tendency to match the co-eaters' supposed consumption generally appeared over and above one's gender-congruent choice. In addition, as expected, gender differences also emerged: while men were always willing to adapt to the co-eaters, women's intention to eat the feminine food was independent from the co-eaters' gender. Nicoletta Cavazza, Margherita Guidetti, Fabrizio Butera 2015 10.1482/80763 10.1482/80763 5 161 172 Not all egalitarian behaviors are created equal: Children's appraisal of egalitarianism in intragroup and intergroup contexts Previous research has shown that human adults and children personally endorse egalitarian behaviours and reward individuals who display them. In an experimental study we explored this latter effect among children. In particular, we assessed how children evaluate unselfish in-group members who distribute all their resources to two targets in either an equal or unequal way. Results demonstrated an overall preference for egalitarianism which was modulated by the characteristics of the recipients, so that inequality aversion was weakened when an out-group member was the target of discrimination (i.e., parochialism). These effects were largely unaffected by the dimension underlining the group differentiation, by the entity of the discrimination, and by the age of the respondents, demonstrating how the preference for egalitarian behaviours and parochialism are deeply rooted into human social perception. Luciana Carraro, Luigi Castelli 2015 10.1482/80764 10.1482/80764 6 173 183