Q. 184.0( 1 Vote )

Explain the measu

Answer :

The measures introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people were as following :

a. The idea of la patrie and le citoyen signifies the father land and its citizen. It was initiated by French revolutionaries with an objective to create a collective belonging among the country people

It emphasized upon establishing a united community with distribution of equal rights protected under a constitution.

b. The newly designed tri-color flag replace the formal flag “Royal Standard”.

c. In France the General Estates was elected by the body of active citizens and was renamed as General Assembly.

d. Composition of new hymns further arose nationalist sentiments and martyrs were paid tribute.

e. Uniform laws for all and a centralized system was introduced for citizen.


Firstly, Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multinational Habsburg Empire.(B) Italy was divided in seven states and only one Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.(C) Even Italian language had not acquired one common form and still had many regional and local variations.(D) Italy was unified in 1861 and Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of United Italy.(E) Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic.(F) The unification of Italy was a result of many wars. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France by Chief Minister Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont defeated the Austrian forces in 1859.(G) A large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Garibaldi joined the fray. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the kingdoftt of the two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish ruler.

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