Case Study: The Forestry (Logistics) Problem

Submitted: 3 Apr 2008

Operations Research Topics: LinearProgramming, IntegerProgramming, NetworkOptimisation, TransportationProblem

Application Areas: Logistics


Problem Description

Adapted from a real-world problem

A paper company own a number of mills that produce paper with different processes, e.g., the thermo-mechanical process (see Figure 1), the cold caustic soda process, etc. They procure raw materials for each of their processing machines from a number of different suppliers.

Figure 1 Thermo-Mechanical Processing machine


Their suppliers consist of 3 forestry operations: Kaingaroa, NSW and Taupo. They also own a recycling plant where they receive waste paper.

They own mills at Kawerau (NZ), Boyer (Tasmania) and Albury (NSW). The following table summarises the processing machines at each mill:

Mill Thermo-Mechanical Process (TMP) Refiner-Mechanical Process (RMP) Stone Groundwood Process (SGW) Cold Caustic Soda Process (CCS) Recycled Fibre Process (RCF)
Kawerau yes yes yes no no
Boyer yes no no yes no
Albury yes no no no yes

The paper company purchases three types of raw materials: woodchips, pulp logs and waste paper. The thermo-mechanical, refiner-mechanical and cold caustic soda processes use woodchips, the stone groundwood process uses pulp logs and the recycled fibre process uses waste paper. The requirements (in tonnes) for their different machines are given below:

Kawerau 10 15 52 - -
Boyer 15 - - 10 -
Albury 20 - - - 22

The supplies of the various raw material is given in the following table:

tonnes Woodchips Pulp Logs Waste Paper
Kaingaroa 20 20 0
NSW 23 17 0
Taupo 19 22 0
Recycling Plant 0 0 24

The transportation cost of the raw materials is given in the following table:

$100/tonne of material Kawerau Boyer Albury
Kaingaroa 4 10 8
NSW 12 6 3
Taupo 5 10 7
Recycling Plant 7 11 10

Note that pulp logs can be "chipped" into woodchips (see Figure 2) at the suppliers at a cost of $250/tonne and that waste paper can be "compacted" into woodchips at the recycling plant at a cost of $600/tonne. Any excess waste paper that is not used must be disposed of at a cost of $150/tonne.

Figure 2 Wood chipper


The paper company want to know how to supply their mills at minimum cost.

For more detail see Supply Chain Optimisation in the Paper Industry, Philpott and Everett.

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Extra for Experts

You can solve the Forestry Problem by creating the appropriate data file for transportation.mod (Hint the nodes are a pair consisting of the location and raw material). Rather than create a data file for transportation.mod by hand you can read in the data provided and generate the appropriate data file using a script file.

The model file forestry_expert.mod creates the AMPL structures and the data file forestry_expert.dat specifies the data for the Forestry Problem. Using these two files, we can create the supply nodes, demand nodes, supply parameters, etc as shown in the following loops:

# Create the supply nodes
let SUPPLY_NODES := {};
let {i in SUPPLIERS, m in MATERIALS}
  SUPPLY_NODES := SUPPLY_NODES union {(i & '-' & m)};

# Create the demand nodes
let DEMAND_NODES := {};
let {(j, k) in DEMANDS, m in MATERIALS}
  DEMAND_NODES := DEMAND_NODES union {(j & '-' & k & '-' & m)};

# Create the supplies
let {i in SUPPLIERS, m in MATERIALS}
  Supply[(i & '-' & m)] := MaterialSupply[i, m];

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Student Tasks

  1. Solve the Forestry Problem. Write a management summary of your solution.

    Hint You can use transportation.mod and (with the necessary data file inserted) for this problem.

    What to hand in Your model, data and script files. Your management summary.

  2. Experts Only Modify your script file from Task 1 so that it uses forestry_expert.mod and forestry_expert.dat to get the forestry data and then generates the data for transportation.mod dynamically. Write a management summary of your solution.

    What to hand in Your modified script file. Your management summary.

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Topic attachments
I Attachment History Action Size Date Who Comment
Unknown file formatdat forestry_expert.dat r1 manage 1.4 K 2008-04-02 - 13:01 MichaelOSullivan  
Unknown file formatmod forestry_expert.mod r1 manage 1.0 K 2008-04-02 - 13:00 MichaelOSullivan  
Topic revision: r9 - 2008-04-03 - MichaelOSullivan
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