Hundreds arrested as clashes reported during a series of anti-government protests

Peaceful Assembly 

A string of protests with reports of violence and hundreds of arrests took place in Belgium during the months of November and December 2018. 

Belgian police confirmed to have arrested about 60 protesters during French-inspired “yellow vest” protest in Brussels on 30th November 2018. They were reportedly arrested before the protest became violent, mostly for public order offences. The protest mobilised against high fuel prices and a squeeze on living standards and some protesters were calling for the resignation of the Prime Minister chanting “Michel, resign!” It started as a peaceful demonstration that mobilised mostly through social media about 500 people, according to reported police estimates. However, once the protesters converged at the office of the Prime Minister Charles Michel some started to throw rocks, firecrackers and road signs towards police and clashes with police were reported. Protesters destroyed at least two police vans during the disturbances. The riot police responded with water cannons and fired gas rounds, as further arrests were made, dispersing the protesters.

French 'yellow vests' inspired protests that reportedly turned into riots with some protesters resorting to violence took place earlier in November in the southern parts of Belgium, such as in Feluy and Charleroi. Dozens of protesters were reportedly arrested by police. 

In a consecutive “yellow vest” protest in Brussels, held on 8th December 2018 the Ligue des Droits Humains (LDH - League of Human Rights, in English) raised concern over media reports that nearly half of the estimated 1,000 people who went to protest were arrested and “deprived of their freedom”. The Brussels public prosecutor's office reportedly confirmed that 450 people were arrested ‘administratively’ in addition to 10 ‘judicial" arrests in connection to the 'yellow vests' campaign.

The LDH believes that “these massive arrests pose a serious question” concerning the right to freedom of expression and peaceful assemblies, and stated:

“fundamental freedoms cannot be sacrificed on the altar of administrative and police constraints, regardless of the color of the vest of people who express themselves in the public space”.   (translated from French)

According to media reports, the arrests were made after some of the “yellow vest” protesters threw rocks and firecrackers and damaged shops and cars as they tried to reach official buildings in Brussels. As in the previous protest of 30th November, police riot squads used water cannon and tear gas to disperse the protesters and keep them away from the European Union headquarters and the nearby government quarter.

On 16th December 2018, another protest called ‘March against Marrakesh’ took place in Brussels, this time mobilised to denounce the Belgium government support of the United Nations Global Migration pact.

The anti-migration rally in Brussels was organised by several far-right groups. Protesters that gathered outside the EU institutions clashed with police and according to reporters on the ground, fired projectiles and firecrackers. Police detained around 90 people of the estimated 5,500 protesters and fired tear gas and water cannon to disperse them.

A counter-protest attracted around 1,000 participants organised by over 40 progressive organisations such as trade unions, associations, students, feminists, citizens and human rights activists. The organisations raised concerns that “this march of the extreme right and fascists” would spread "their dangerous and toxic ideology in society and encourage actions against minorities.” The organisations said that with the protest they aim to “mobilise and to support a social alternative" based on human rights and democratic freedoms. 

Both protests were initially banned by Belgian authorities over fears of unrest, but the country’s supreme administrative court overturned the ban citing the right to protest peacefully.

Background information  

The UN Migration Pact, called The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, was backed by 164 countries and adopted at a United Nations conference  in Marrakesh on 10th December 2018, despite opposition of some states. The Global compact is non-legally binding, it is grounded on values of state sovereignty, responsibility-sharing, non-discrimination, and human rights. However, it has been a subject to growing controversy and heated political tension as several states have withdrew their support, in the context of strengthened security measures and restrictive migration policies and rising influence of far-right movements with predominant anti-migrant rhetoric. In Belgium, the support of the UN migration pact led to government crisis after the biggest party in the coalition, the Flemish nationalist N-VA, quit. The Government collapsed  after the opposition Socialist party, with support from the Greens, proposed a vote of no confidence. 


Journalists covering the anti-government protests in Belgium reportedly suffered harassment and arbitrary arrest. 

On 20th November 2018, correspondent Vinciane Votron of the Belgian public TV channel RTBF reported live that the protesters were aggressive toward her and her crew during the protests in the town of  Feluy.

A journalist working for the local Derniere Heure daily newspaper was arbitrary arrested while covering the protest during the night of 24th to 25th November in Charleroi. Patrick Lefèbvre claimed that he wore an orange jacket with the label "Presse" and had his ID card exposed around his neck, but police accused him of being a fake "journalist." He was reportedly held in a police station  over the night and finally released without an explanation. 

On 30th November, a French video journalist Remy Buisine working for the French news website Brut was arrested and briefly detained by the police while recording a live video of the Brussels protest. The arrest was reportedly made despite the journalist presented his official press card. The Belgian Association of Professional Journalists (AJP) condemned the arrest and called on the Prime Minister and Interior Minister to provide an explanation.