



In low level injected material (where the number of minority carriers is less than the doping), the lifetime is related to the recombination rate by:

$$\tau=\frac{\Delta n}{R}$$



$$\frac{1}{\tau_{\text {bulk}}}=\frac{1}{\tau_{\text {Band}}}+\frac{1}{\tau_{\text {Auger}}}+\frac{1}{\tau_{S R H}}$$


$$\tau_{\text {Auger}}=\frac{1}{C N_{A}^{2}}$$
