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Find all the roots (zeros) of a complex analytic function within a given contour in the complex plane.

Project description

|pkg_img| |travis|

.. |travis| image::

.. |pkg_img| image::


cxroots is a Python package for finding all the roots of a function, *f(z)*, of a single complex variable within a given contour, *C*, in the complex plane. It requires only that:

- *f(z)* has no roots or poles on *C*
- *f(z)* is analytic in the interior of *C*

The implementation is primarily based on [KB]_ and evaluates contour integrals involving *f(z)* and its derivative *f'(z)* to determine the roots. If *f'(z)* is not provided then it is approximated using a finite difference method. The roots are further refined using Newton-Raphson if *f'(z)* is given or Muller's method if not. See the `documentation <>`_ for a more details and a tutorial.

With `Python <>`_ installed you can install cxroots by entering in the terminal/command line

.. code:: bash

pip install cxroots


.. code:: python

from numpy import exp, cos, sin
f = lambda z: (exp(2*z)*cos(z)-1-sin(z)+z**5)*(z*(z+2))**2

from cxroots import Circle
C = Circle(0,3)
roots = C.roots(f)

.. image:: README_resources/readmeEx.png

.. code:: python


.. literalinclude readmeExOut.txt doesn't work on github

Multiplicity | Root
2 | -2.000000000000 +0.000000000000i
1 | -0.651114070264 -0.390425719088i
1 | -0.651114070264 +0.390425719088i
3 | 0.000000000000 +0.000000000000i
1 | 0.648578080954 -1.356622683988i
1 | 0.648578080954 +1.356622683988i
1 | 2.237557782467 +0.000000000000i

See also

The Fortran 90 package `ZEAL <>`_ is a direct implementation of [KB]_.



.. [KB] \P. Kravanja and M. Van Barel. *Computing the Zeros of Analytic Functions*. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2000.

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