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Local and overall heat transfer of exothermic reactions in microreactor systems

Non-reactive and reactive heat transfer experiments were performed in the FlowPlate® system manufactured by Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik, which is composed of alternating reactor and heat transfer fluid plates within a rack. The non-reactive model system studied a rectangular serpentine channel with Reynolds numbers ranging from 400–2000, and a Gnielinski-type model was fit to the internal Nusselt number. A silver-based thermal paste was shown to reduce the external resistance to heat transfer between the reactor and heat transfer fluid plates by ∼70%, leading to overall heat transfer coefficients of ∼2200 W m−2 K−1. In the reactive system, the synthesis of methyl 2-oxobutanoate, using dimethyl-oxalate and the Grignard reagent ethylmagnesium chloride, was highlighted as a test reaction to differentiate localized heat transfer characteristics across different reactors. The Grignard reaction was used to compare the impact of various micro-mixer geometries, materials, injection ports, and scales on hotspot formation in the reactors. Finally, an analysis of four case studies that can be extended to any micro-reactor system with known overall heat transfer coefficients was presented using the fourth Damkohler number to determine a maximum channel diameter that would remove energy sufficiently quick to avoid hotspot formation.