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Tonic labyrinthine function and the caloric test

STIMULATION of the cristae evokes tonic eye deviations beside the nystagmus. Maxwell (i) stimulated the ampulla of horizontal canal mechanically and stated that the tonic effects which are not merely momentary but sustained can originate in the cristae as well as the maculae. Stimulation of the utricle according to McNally (2) does not elicit nystagmus. Ulrich (3) stimulated the utricle of the pike by applying pressure directly and evoked a sustained ocular deviation. The aim of the investigation is to record and evaluate the labyrinthine tonic responses evoked by thermal stimulation in the caloric test. Electro-oculography is used to record the direction and amplitudes of tonic eye deviations away from the straight ahead position of gaze in equal corresponding intervals of darkness in the four caloric tests. In the absence of visual fixation in darkness, a normal subject according to Dix et al (4) can exert such a high degree of control over the eyes that he is able to maintain a gaze deviation of 30 to right and to left with an accuracy of ± i ° .