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Learning new tricks from an old dog: recent findings in familial hypercholesterolemia.

The term familial hypercholesterolemia is generally taken to refer to the autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the receptor for LDL (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man No. 143890). This is the paradigmatic condition illustrating the link between elevated levels of LDL cholesterol and premature coronary heart disease. However, some authors use the term familial hypercholesterolemia in a descriptive sense to describe a familial phenotype consisting of raised LDL cholesterol, tendon xanthomas and premature coronary atherosclerosis. In this sense, the term also encompasses the condition of familial defective apolipoprotein B, which is caused by one of two common mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the apolipoprotein B protein.