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The vulnerable developing brain

During healthy pregnancy, appropriate levels of fetal nutrition and oxygenation are indispensable for the optimal growth and development of the fetal organs. In pregnancy complicated by decreased nutrient and oxygen delivery to the fetus, current dogma is that the growth and development of key organs, such as the brain, are “spared” at the expense of nonessential organs served by peripheral vascular beds, for instance the kidneys, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. The article by Antonow-Schlorke et al. in PNAS (1) challenges this concept and shows that the developing brain is more vulnerable than previously thought, even to moderate reductions in maternal nutrition during early pregnancy. The study is particularly relevant because it was undertaken in nonhuman primates rather than in rodents. In contrast to primates, including the human, in rodent species many stages of brain development continue to occur after birth.