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Detection of phase transition of a biological membrane by precise refractive-index measurement based on low-coherence interferometry

Various functions of biological membranes are closely related to phase transition of phospholipid bilayers. However, there has been no possible method for in vivo measurement to detect the phase transition of biological membranes. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel method for detection of biological membranes using the low coherence interferometry. In the experiment, rat mesentery was used as the sample of biological membranes, and the refractive index of the mesentery was measured precisely as the sample temperature was changed. Abrupt change in both the index and transmission of the mesentery can be found in the temperature range of 38 percent C to 42 percent C, which is good agreement with the temperature range for the gel-to- liquid phase transition of the artificial membrane. Our method does not require any treatments, including fragmentation and centrifugation, for extraction of phospholipid bilayers form biological membranes. It, therefore, is a useful method for in vivo measurement and analysis of the membrane functions.