{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.029023746701846966, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002638522427440633, 'mean_word_length': 5.776785714285714, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A review of wire arc additive manufacturing: development, principles, process physics, implementation and current status

Additive manufacturing (AM) is now recognised as a viable alternative to processes such as casting, forging, and subtractive technologies such as machining. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has emerged as a cost-effective AM approach for component fabrication and a considerable body of literature on the subject has become available over the last 30 years. This review references the published work in a critical manner. It traces the development of WAAM, the principles of operation, materials considerations, process options, process physics, numerical simulation, process control, the current status and future research needs.