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Exogenous and endogenous estrogen affects the biological components of variance of plasma retinol but not of the RBP:TTR index

We examined the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use and endogenous female sexual hormones on the intra‐(SDi) and inter‐individual (SDg) variations and calculated the index of individuality (SDi/SDg) of retinol and RBP:TTR in 20 clinically healthy, non‐smoking females aged 19–30 y. Retinol was measured by HPLC, RBP and TTR by RID, and estradiol and progesterone by RIA in 7 blood samples collected on 4 consecutive d and weekly for a month. The SDi and SDg were calculated using variance component analysis. Females were stratified into 3 groups (OC (n=10), follicular (n=4), and luteal (n=6)) based on hormonal concentrations on d 1, and confirmed by their monthly hormonal patterns. Retinol concentrations were higher in OC than in the other 2 groups (P<0.05), while RBP:TTR was not different. The SDi of retinol in OC group differed significantly from luteal group, whereas that of RBP:TTR index did not. The SDg of retinol was 0.62 (OC), 0.48 (follicular), and 0.17 (luteal), while that of RBP:TTR was 0.06 in each of the 3 groups. Most (90%) of the females who had their retinol concentrations above the population median (2.39 μmol/L) were taking OC and thus had high SDg. For RBP:TTR, though 70% of OC had their values above the median of 0.50, it did not affect SDg because RBP and TTR had similar variations. The index of individuality of retinol was <1 in all 3 groups, while that of the RBP:TTR index was >1 in each group. These results demonstrated that stratifying by hormonal status does not reduce the inter‐individual variation of retinol.