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Populism, Politics and Peace Processes: Analysing the Nexus between Peacebuilding and the Philippines’ Populist Politics

The rise of populism has led to much interest in its relationship with peace. Much of the focus on populism revolves around its ramifications for peace-related facets of liberal discourse, such as the stability of democracy, the civility of politics, human rights, and the rule of law. One area of liberal discourse that remains unexplored however is peacebuilding, and there is a dearth of knowledge on the nexus between populism and peace processes. To address the gap, this briefing draws attention to the ongoing Philippine Bangsamoro peace process, a case which quite fortuitously provides a means of examining this nexus. The Bangsamoro process spans the liberal government of Benigno Aquino and the current populist government of Rodrigo Duterte, thereby supplying a real-world experiment that illustrates the contrast between the effect of populism, and its mirror opposite, liberal democracy, in relation to peace processes. A reasonable comparison can only be made on a specific peace process phase that occurred during both governments. It is the legislative phase, or more precisely, peace agreement endorsement by democratic political institution, that is common to both governments.