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Comparison of access and costs of Medicaid dental services in a hospital clinic and community practices.

OBJECTIVES
This paper reports the results of a three-year evaluation of access to dental care and its associated costs for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) beneficiaries enrolled in a hospital-based health maintenance organization (HMO) or a fee-for-service (FFS) option.


METHODS
Medicaid enrollees (n = 3, l655) having a year of eligibility were assigned to either the hospital HMO or FFS care, and their use of dental care and its costs compared.


RESULTS
A higher percent of those beneficiaries enrolled in the FFS option used dental care than those in the HMO plan. FFS enrollees also had more annual visits per person than those in the randomly assigned HMO group. FFS dental patients treated in the hospital had the highest costs of any payment-provider combination studied.


CONCLUSIONS
To understand the mix of utilization rates, visits, and costs, one must take into account the way in which the HMO hospital plan is reimbursed, the way in which the dental department is reimbursed, and the way in which the dental provider is reimbursed.