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[Vascularization of the lateral heel in relation to extensive skin incisions in osteosynthesis of calcaneal fractures].

The aim of the study was to document soft tissue vascularization of the lateral heel on cadavers and, therefore, to indirectly demonstrate the importance to perform perfectly precise incisions, in order to prevent ischemic complications. Sections of 8 human lower limb cadavers were performed in cooperation with the Anatomical Institute of the MU Medical Faculty in Brno, according to current common standards for anatomical preparations. In successive steps, cutaneous and subcutanous covers of the lateral ankle, malleolar and heel regions were preparated. Final branches of the individual arteries were followed and the authors aimed to demonstrate their vascular arcade consisting of anastomosis of the lateral calcaneal artery--LCA (a branch of a. peronea)--which is a clinical term for rami calcaneares laterales, ventrolateral tarsal arteries--LTA (a branch of a. dorsalis pedis) and lateral malleolar artery branching off medially--LMA (a branch of a. tibialis ant.). The course of the arteries and their location is related to a reference point--a lateral tip of the lateral ankle. The investigators found out that all three arteries, as well as the arterial arch, had standard courses. The course of the arch defines the outline of the lateral extensive incision during osteosynthesis in calcaneal fractures, which lies fairly close to the lateral outline of this vascular arcade. Incorrect performance of the incision results, invitably, in serious ischemic complications. Open reduction and internal fixation of intraarticular calcaneal fractures has become a standard surgical method. Correct indication, good timing and saving open reduction, internal fixation using arthroscopy and early mobilization are the prerequisites to prevent further postoperative complications and to achieve complete healing of the fracture. Considering the demandingness of these fractures treatment and their rare incidence, their management should be centred in specialized traumatological clinics.