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Development, characterization, and performance of the EOS MODIS sensors

The MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is the keystone instrument for the NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS). Currently two nearly identical MODIS instruments are operating on-board the EOS Terra spacecraft (launched in December 1999) and the EOS Aqua spacecraft (launched in May 2002), providing global coverage of the Earth’s land, oceans, and atmosphere with both morning and afternoon observations. This paper reviews the EOS MODIS development history, its design concepts, system implementation and calibration, current status and the follow-on Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) under development for the National Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS).