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6 Conclusions and Recommendations

Retrospective assessments of human exposures to ionising radiation can be performed by a variety of methods. Some general characteristics of instrumental methods of dose reconstruction dealt with in this report are summarised in Table 6.1. The values given should provide a general orientation. Characteristics of the methods in specific situations do depend on a variety of parameters related to the exposure situation (acute or chronic, radiation type, radionuclide of interest, partialversus whole-body irradiation), the age of the test person(s), or the amount of effort for each of the cases (e.g. the number of cells scored for chromosome aberrations). In some cases, characteristic values are related, as the minimal detectable dose and the time passed since exposure, or the man-days necessary for an analysis and the strength of the measured signal (concentration of radionuclide or height of exposure). For a more detailed description of the capabilities of the methods the reader is referred to individual sections of the report. It is recommended that an analysis of uncertainties and sensitivities be performed as part of dose reconstruction studies. Uncertainties of dose estimates can help to evaluate possible implications of the radiation event, and mathematical and statistical procedures to assess the effect of dose uncertainties on risk estimates of epidemiological studies are under investigation. Information on sensitivities can direct further efforts to improve the dose reconstruction. Special aspects of uncertainty analysis include (1) the determination of the data to be considered in the assessment, and (2) the treatment of outliers. Criteria for excluding data from further analysis should be clearly described.