{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.016522423288749016, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0023603461841070024, 'mean_word_length': 5.0, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Gene Therapy in Human Cancer: Report of Human Clinical Trials

Gene therapy is a technique whereby genetic material is introduced into cells to correct a genetic defect or to alter the properties of a cell, thereby giving a therapeutic benefit to the recipient. This methodology is being developed into various treatments against cancer. Because it is only a technique, it is currently being used in multiple ways as direct or indirect means to target neoplastic cells. The success of any specific treatment that uses gene therapy thus depends both on the ability of the gene therapy method to achieve its intended goal (i.e., of achieving the desired molecular change) and the ability of the molecular alteration to achieve biologic significance. The following sections describe various methods of introducing genetic elements into cells and their potential benefits and drawbacks, and because the field of gene therapy is already diverse and has been well reviewed recently including in the present journal (1 -7), only the results of clinical trials already performed and reported in humans for the treatment of cancer are presented. A complete list of gene therapy clinical trials approved by the Office of Recombinant DNA Activities is available on the Internet (8).