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Hypoxia regulates assembly of cilia in suppressors of Tetrahymena lacking an IFT subunit gene

We cloned a Tetrahymena thermophila gene, RFT1, encoding a homolog of the Chlamydomonas intraflagellar transport protein, IFT52. Disruption of RFT1 led to loss of cilia and incomplete cytokinesis, a phenotype indistinguishable from that of mutants lacking kinesin-II, a known ciliary assembly transporter. The cytokinesis failures appear to result from lack of cell movement rather than from direct involvement of ciliary assembly pathway components in cytokinesis. Spontaneous partial suppressors of the RFT1 null mutants appeared which assembled cilia at high cell density and resorbed cilia at low cell density. The stimulating effect of high cell density on cilia formation is based on the creation of pericellular hypoxia. Thus, at least under certain conditions, ciliary assembly is affected by an extracellular signal and the Rft1p function may be integrated into signaling pathways which regulate ciliogenesis.