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Fabrication of transparent Nd:YAG ceramic by vacuum sintering with CaF2 additive

Abstract Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) ceramics were fabricated via a solid-state reaction method using high-purity Y2O3, Al2O3 and Nd2O3 powders as the raw materials. The mixed powder compacts were sintered at 1 750 °C for 5 h under vacuum. The Nd:YAG bulk without doped CaF2 was opaque. A transparent Nd:YAG ceramic was obtained with tiny amounts of CaF2 addition. The bulk had a uniform microstructure containing grains with an average size of 20 μm. No porosity could be detected in the sintered bulk. The maximum optical transmittance of the sample is 44 % in the visible range.