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The Failure of Two Torispherical Shells under Internal Pressure

Two welded stainless steel tanks incorporating spherical end caps, torispherical knuckles and cylindrical body are tested to failure under internal pressure loading. One tank is of a traditional crown and segment construction and has a relatively high level of imperfection. The other tank has fewer circumferential welds at the knuckle and has a smaller level of imperfection. The pressure for first yield at the knuckle is well below predictions of first-order theory; better agreement exists when the measured geometry is input to the analysis and large displacement theory is used. Failure is by elastic-plastic buckling at the knuckle, and in each case, a reduced postbuckling pressure is easily maintained. Most but not all buckles occur at meridional weld lines. Good agreement is observed with a recent proposal for the prevention of premature buckling in torispherical vessels.