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Combination Therapy of Lamivudine and Interferon-Alpha in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B in Bangladesh: A Safe and Effective Therapeutic Approach for Pediatric CHB Patients in Developing Countries

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is mainly transmitted during birth or perinatal period, however, treatment is not usually recommended for pediatric patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Twelve pediatric patients with CHB in Bangladesh were treated with both lamivudine and interferon. Lamivudine was given at a dose of 3 mg/kg, daily for 12 months. Two months after commencement of lamivudine therapy, all patents were given interferon-α (3 million IU/square meter of body surface area) three times weekly, subcutaneously for 10 months. Combination therapy was safe for all pediatric CHB patients. The levels of serum HBV DNA became undetectable (<500 copies/ml) in 8 patients and reduced in 4 patients after the end of therapy. Anti-HBe was detected in 10 of 12 patients at this time point. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly reduced in these patients (p<0.05) due to therapy. Neither flare of HBV DNA nor elevation of serum ALT were detected during follow-up. In conclusion, combination therapy with lamivudine and interferon-α represents a new and novel therapeutic option for treatment of pediatric CHB patients.