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An Ontological Analysis and Natural Language Processing of Figures of Speech

The purpose of the current paper is to present an ontological analysis to the identification of a particular
 type of prepositional figures of speech via the identification of inconsistencies in ontological concepts.
 Prepositional noun phrases are used widely in a multiplicity of domains to describe real world events and
 activities. However, one aspect that makes a prepositional noun phrase poetical is that the latter suggests a
 semantic relationship between concepts that does not exist in the real world. The current paper shows that
 a set of rules based on WordNet classes and an ontology representing human behaviour and properties,
 can be used to identify figures of speech due to the discrepancies in the semantic relations of the concepts
 involved. Based on this realization, the paper describes a method for determining poetic vs. non-poetic
 prepositional figures of speech, using WordNet class hierarchies. The paper also addresses the problem of
 inconsistency resulting from the assertion of figures of speech in ontological knowledge bases, identifying
 the problems involved in their representation. Finally, it discusses how a contextualized approach might
 help to resolve this problem.