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Visualization of brain surface features using registered partially segmented MRI scans

Intraoperative brain mapping of cortical language sites has generated a need for accurate visualization of the cortical surface with its associated arteries and veins. We describe a technique for registering multiple magnetic resonance imaging studies, segmenting those studies, and visualizing the combined vessels and cortical surface. The patient receives three pre-operative MRI scans corresponding to the three tissue types to be visualized. The studies are read into three volumes in the visualization software and voxel size information is then used to interpolate each of the volumes producing cubic voxels. The volumes are then cropped and translated interactively to be the exact same dimension and orientation. A region growing algorithm is applied to the most homogeneous volume (usually the vein data) to produce a mask which approximates the cortical region. A morphological dilation is performed on the mask expanding it to include features on or near the cortical surface. The mask is applied to the cortical surface, artery, and vein volumes, and they then become the green, red, and blue channels of a composite RGB volume. The resulting volume is selectively weighted and input to a ray-tracing algorithm which produces the final image. This technique provides neurosurgeons with an image containing the landmarks necessary to record intraoperative brain mapping data. Example results are presented which show that the generated cortical surface, including surface veins and arteries, corresponds closely to intraoperative photographs of the exposed cortical surface taken at the time of surgery. When combined with an image database and integrated into an interactive program this technique allows neurosurgeons to obtain accurate 3-D stimulation maps of functional areas on the brain surface.