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Cognitive Engineering for Geographic Information Science

Abstract Geographic information science provides the foundation for the development ofgeospatial tools and services that support people in their spatio-temporal decision-making. In order to offer useful and useable solutions, principles of human spatialcognition regarding the representation and processing of spatial and temporalaspects of phenomena must be considered in the design of these tools. Such cognitively engineered geospatial services aim for cognitive adequacy and thereforefacilitation of user interaction. This article argues for the necessity of cognitiveengineering methods in the field of geographic information science by explicatingtheir theoretical foundation and demonstrating practical geospatial applications. Itfurther provides a framework for classifying cognitive user parameters, which canbe employed for the personalization of geospatial services. Introduction Geographic information science (GIScience) is concerned with thesystematic study of all aspects regarding geographic information. Suchinformation is eventually used by people to solve spatial tasks (NationalResearch Council 2006), such as finding one’s way around a city orlooking for a place to live. It is therefore necessary that the tools, whichsupport us in our spatial decision-making – geographic informationsystems (GIS) and geographic information services (GIServices) – aredesigned and engineered by taking into account principles of humancognition (Anderson 2005). This will facilitate people’s interaction withthese systems and lead to more useful and usable solutions to their spatialproblems.