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Characterization of a contaminant plume and evaluation of decontaminating measures

Aquifer is one of the bases for wetlands and rivers flow, representing 95% of freshwater. Aquifer contamination is a serious issue, identified by European Directives, which establish a list of priority substances that must be eliminated from the environment. Chlorobenzenes and benzene are the object of this study. Visual MODFLOW® was applied to an accidental spill, using a 3D model. Contaminants concentration and plume volume were calculated, considering six scenarios, with porosities between 0.1<porosity<0.6 and hydraulic conductivities between 5x10<k<5x10 m/s. The plume volume decreases with porosity increase and with k decrease. Plume mitigation was studied through the simulation of different pumping tests, with the purpose to optimize pumping conditions and network. Natural attenuation and permeable reactive barrier efficacy were also applied, showing the optimized pumping system as the best option to prevent, simultaneously, plume expansion and advance. The clean up time (tD) for each pumping scenario and each layer is heterogeneous. Values between 3 and 14 years were obtained for tD A multivariate analysis of porosity, k and tD demonstrates that for very low or high porosity, tD is higher and that there is a porosityoptimal that combines low capillary pressure with low gravity movement. The results also demonstrate that for very low or high k values, tD is lower, existing a k critical value for which plume volume and plume resilience are at equilibrium. Sensitivity analysis of the mass fraction of organic natural carbon has shown a high influence of this parameter in plume volume and contamination.