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The role of neuronal uptake at alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor sites in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Intravascular noradrenaline infusion may cause vasodilatation or vasoconstriction in subcutaneous adipose tissue, whereas sympathetic nerve activity causes vasoconstriction only. This discrepancy may be due to a differential distribution of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in relation to adrenergic nerve terminals in the adipose tissue vessels. In order to test this hypothesis the extent of prejunctional supersensitivity to noradrenaline was studied after blockade the neuronal uptake of noradrenaline with cocaine. In the autoperfused, isolated inguinal canine adipose tissue pretreatment with coacine (200-600 mug close i.a.) increased lipolysis following sympathetic nerve stimulation or close i.a. injection of noradrenaline. Cocaine also potentiated the vasoconstriction induced by nerve stimulation (1-3 Hz) or intraarterial noradrenaline (0.2-2 nmoles) as well as the vasodilatation induced by sympathetic nerve stimulation (1-3 Hz) after alpha-receptor blockade. However, the vasodilatation following close i.a. injection of noradrenaline after alpha-receptor blockade was not changed by cocaine. The results indicate that the functionally important vascular alpha-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue are in close contact with adrenergic nerve terminals, whereas most vascular beta-adrenoceptors seem to be unrelated to the nerve terminals. Thus, the alpha-adrenoceptors in the adipose tissue vessels may be classified as innervated receptors, in contrast to the vascular beta-adrenoceptors which may be more acessible to circulating catecholamines and may be classified as humoral receptors. Furthermore at least some of the beta-receptors on the adipocytes seem to be located close to sympathetic nerve terminals.