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[Energy requirement for the maintenance and utilization of energy convertible to protein and fat deposits in piglets].

In respiration experiments with 16 piglets the effect of feeding level on energy metabolism was studied with the aim of estimating energy requirement and costs of protein and fat deposition. Four groups of 4 animals each were fed on different levels of digestible protein and metabolisable energy (ME). Group 1 was fed intensively, whereas the piglets of group 2, 3 and 4 received 92, 76 and 55% respectively of the amounts given to group 1. In the group 1-4 mean daily weight gain was 457, 437, 360 and 205 g respectively. As a consequence the rearing period increased from 44 days to 46, 56 and 98 days. The variation in feed intake affected not only significant differences in energy deposition but also changes in gain composition. In the groups 1-4 the average energy deposition was 4.2 MJ, 4.0 MJ, 3.0 MJ and 1.4 MJ per day and protein gain exceeded fat gain in all groups. Estimations of energy requirement for maintenance were carried out by means of multiple regression analysis using different models. As a result a value of 428 MJ ME per kg live weight 0.75 was obtained and the models used have hardly shown any influence. It seems that higher values for maintenance requirement, as formerly published, are due to different conditions of livestock management, such as temperature. For all groups the average efficiency of ME-utilisation for growth was 0.77, ranging from 0.73 to 0.82. The variation can be attributed to the changes in protein and fat formation. The groups with a higher proportion of protein in the accretion utilised metabolisable energy more efficiently than the intensively fed group 1 with the highest proportion of fat, the difference between the groups being in the range from 0.73 to 0.82. The efficiency of ME-utilisation for protein deposition was calculated to be 0.83 and for fat deposition 0.73. As a higher coefficient for fat formation may be expected in the light of the high fat content in the ration, calculations with an assumed coefficient from 0.75 and 0.80 had been carried out, showing that the efficiency of ME-utilisation for protein gain would only decrease to 0.79 and 0.73 respectively. According to these results the statement must be called in question, that the energetic efficiency of protein deposition of about 50 to 55% - as measured in numerous experiments mainly with older pigs - can generally be accepted.