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GENDER QUOTAS IN MOROCCO: LESSONS FOR WOMEN'S DESCRIPTIVE AND SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION

More than 100 countries have adopted gender quota policies worldwide and a growing literature attempts to evaluate their impact. This article focuses on the Moroccan experience and investigates the effect of quotas on women's descriptive and symbolic representation at the party level. More precisely, I examine whether the Moroccan social-democratic party underwent changes since the 2002 introduction of reserved seats for women in parliament. The findings draw on the perceptions of members of the women's section of the Socialist Union of Popular Forces (SUPF) and show that written rules expanding women's rights do not automatically lead to more gender equality in practice. The article discusses these findings in the light of international experience of gender quotas and points towards conditions that are important for ensuring different dimensions of women's political representation.