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Influence of Orotic Acid on Multistage Hepatocarcinogenesis in the Rat: Resistance of Hepatocytes from Nodules to the Mitoinhibitory Effects of Orotic Acid

Abstract This study was designed to determine whether hepatocytes from hepatic nodules are resistant to the mitoinhibitory effects of orotic acid. Hepatic nodules were initiated in Fischer 344 male rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. 2HCI (100 mg/kg ip) given 16 hr after two thirds partial hepatectomy and promoted by feeding a diet containing 1% orotic acid. Eight to 9 months later, when persistent nodules had developed, the rats were taken off the orotic acid diet and maintained on a semisynthetic basal diet for 2 to 5 weeks. The effect of orotic acid on the DNA synthesis in the hepatocytes isolated from hepatic nodules and from the surrounding nonnodular liver and from the age- and sex-matched control rats was studied. The results indicated that a dose of orotic acid (120 μM) that almost completely inhibited the transforming growth factor-α-induced DNA synthesis in hepatocytes from nonnodular surrounding liver and from age- and sex-matched control liver could not inhibit the DNA synthesis in hepatocytes from hepatic nodules. These results are consistent with the postulate that orotic acid may promote liver carcinogenesis by a differential mitoinhibition of normal hepatocytes while permitting the initiated hepatocytes to respond to growth stimuli and form hepatic nodules. However, it needs to be determined whether differential mitoinhibition of normal hepatocytes is the mechanism by which orotic acid promotes liver carcinogenesis.