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Intracellular degradation of insulin and crinophagy are maintained by nitric oxide and cyclo‐oxygenase 2 activity in isolated pancreatic islets

Background information. Pancreatic β‐cells require an optimal insulin content to allow instantaneous secretion of insulin. This is maintained by insulin biosynthesis and intracellular degradation of insulin. Degradation may be effected by crinophagy, i.e. the fusion of secretory granules with lysosomes. IL‐1β (interleukin 1β) induces distinct changes of β‐cell lysosomes. To study the mechanisms for intracellular insulin degradation and crinophagy, isolated mouse pancreatic islets were exposed to IL‐1β and known pathways for IL‐1β actions were blocked. Intracellular insulin degradation was determined by following the fate of radioactively labelled insulin. Crinophagy was studied by ultrastructural analysis. The effects of blocking pathways for IL‐1β were monitored by measurements of nitrite and PGE2 (prostaglandin E2).