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An enigmatic eye: the histology of the tuatara pineal complex

Aim: To examine the histology of the tuatara pineal complex and to compare findings wtih those of Dendy. Some reptiles have an anatomically sophisticated pineal complex with a median pineal eye, a paraphysis and a pineal sac. In comparison, the human pineal gland is simple and homogenous and thought to be a phylogenetic relic. It is now considered a neuroendocrine gland the function of which is still not fully understood. Its simple anatomical structure is in contrast to its biochemical complexity; its secretions (the most studied being melatonin) modifying the function of the adeno‐ and neurohypophysis, thyroid and parathyroids, adrenal cortex and medulla, endocrine pancreas and the gonads.