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Ballot Patterns & Issues in an Election Set

While political scientists often minimize the role of issues in national electoral contests,1 some insist that such considerations are highly relevant.2 Studies at the local level have also shown a wide diversity of conclusions, ranging from Lee's "politics of acquaintance" 3 to Boskoff and Ziegler's "wide-spread existence of ideological cues." 4 Questions concerning the role issues play in determining electoral choice are at the center of controversy among analysts of American politics. The answers given have implications concerning the "rationality" or "nonrationality," the intelligence or lack of intelligence of the American voter. Most of the recent controversy has focused on the relevance of issues to presidential choice.5 The presidential ballot, however, is only one of several cast by the people during a four-year span. Scholars are in general agreement that issue-oriented presidential voting is increasing;but