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AN OPTIMIZED ANALYTICAL METHOD TO STUDY THE OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF BISPHENOL A (BPA) AND 17ß-ESTRADIOL (E2) IN THE SURFACE WATER OF IBAI RIVER, TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are currently a global issue and have been ubiquitously found in various environmental compartment particularly in surface water. An analytical method employing a solid phase extraction in combination with HPLC-DAD was optimized for analysis of EDCs in surface river water. The optimized method showed a high mean extraction recovery for BPA at 73.84% while satisfactory recovery was achieved for E2 at 35.78%. It was then applied to analyse the level of BPA and E2 in the surface water of Ibai River, Terengganu. BPA and E2 were detected in this river with the concentration for both compounds ranging from 0.54 μg/L to 50.10 μg/L and 1.14 μg/L to 8.64 μg/L, respectively. Domestic waste discharge and animal manure might contribute to the presence of BPA and E2 in this river system as both compounds exhibited higher concentrations at sampling locations near those sources.