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An Orthodox Modernist with a Modern View of Truth

Baron Friedrich von Hiigel (1852-1925) has often been classified as a Roman Catholic "Modernist." As Bernard Reardon has pointed out, this term has a number of different references in various disciplines.' Even within Roman Catholic theology itself the reference of Modernist is somewhat ambiguous. But when Baron von Hiigel is called a Modernist, his theology is being judged a part of the "system" of modern thinking outlined and condemned by Vatican decrees between 1907 and 1910. This paper proposes that such a classification is substantially inaccurate and theologically misleading. Although it is clear today that the Modernist movement was not unified enough to be called properly a "system," the Vatican decrees did condemn a number of particular ideas and persons under the single label of Modernism. These decrees never explicitly condemned von Hiigel or any of his writings. But he was described by contemporaries and colleagues as extremely important and influential in the Modernist movement. He was referred to as "the