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benefit from a deeper and better informed engagement with archival objects and practices...’. This widens the potential readership of the papers. The thread running through these papers is that archives and records are dynamic – always changing because national and local cultures vary or even revolutionise over time, affecting their creation and collecting and media. Archives tend to grow, but at the same time suffer from archival silence which has been defined as ‘gaps or omissions in a body of original records’. Traditionally we think of tactile records, but many are now digital either original or as copies. These bring new problems, and Marlene Manoff (‘Mapping archival silence: technology and the historical record’, pp. 63–81) points out that digital technology also creates silence, because the facility for instant editing destroys an original copy. An older form of silence is lack of access (which digitization attempts to redress), represented here by Charles Jeurgens’ in ‘The bumpy road to transparency: access and secrecy in 19th-century records in the Dutch East Indies’. In this case a royal decree of 1854 restricted access to colonial records, even making publication a crime – which is not unknown today! Three other contemporary concerns represented are (a) feminism – highlighted by Elizabeth Shepherd’s ‘Hidden voices in the archives: pioneering women archivists in early 20th century England’ which she addresses in her short biographies; (b) indigenous recognition – the topic of ‘Archival ethics and indigenous justice: conflict or coexistence?’ by Melanie Delva and Melissa Adams; and (c) decolonialism. Magdalena Wisniewska’s ‘Community archiving in Poland’ notes that Pierre Nora suggested three types: international decolonization, domestic decolonization of minorities (western, e.g. ‘sexual, social, provincial or religious’) and post-totalitarian (e.g. Russia, Central-Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa). There is course some overlap in these concerns; for example, the paper by Delva and Adams notes that decolonisation is involved in indigenous archival justice. On the other hand, the paper ‘History and development of information and record keeping in Malawi’ by Paul Lihoma, which tracks the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods, notes government secrecy and oppression following independence. Individuals and organisations create archives without thinking, but only when accessed and used do they become part of the national and international information resource. This book offers much to stimulate both archivist and non-archivist – engaging!