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Are right‐wing populism and government participation incompatible? The case of the freedom party of Austria

Introduction On 4 February 2000, the right-wing, populist Freedom Party of Austria (Freiheitliche Partei Osterreichs, FPO) seemed to have reached the zenith of its political aspirations: On that day the party, which had multiplied its share of the votes in general elections by more than five times since 1983 and had become the second strongest party at the national level in the 1999 elections, formed a coalition government with the Christian Democratic Austrian People's Party {Osterreichische Volkspartei, OVP). The government participation of the FPO was much criticised, above all because of party chairman Jorg Haider's radical statements and/or actions, in which he occasionally alluded to anti-Semitic, racist or xenophobic feelings (e.g., the 'Austria first' people's initiative of 1993). It met strong resistance by the Federal President, the most widely read daily newspaper (the Kronenzeitung), and public opinion. The governments of the other 14 member states of the European Union (EU-14) agreed upon unfriendly diplomatic measures (in the national debate called 'sanctions') against the new government (Falkner, 2001). However, the widespread criticisms were not able to deter the OVP and the FPO from their intention to form a coalition. The FPO had to pay a high price, though: Haider, to whose charismatic personality the tremendous electoral success of the party since the mid-1980s has first and foremost to be attributed, was not included in the cabinet and eventually had to resign as party chairman.