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Endoscopy of esophageal cancers.

In this review about endoscopy of esophageal cancers, two main chapters are considered. Diagnostic endoscopy deals with the modalities, characteristic features and caveats essential for accurate assessment of esophageal malignancies. Therapeutic endoscopy deals with the palliative endoscopic treatment of the disease. Endoscopic dilatation, intubation and laser photocoagulation are discussed. It is stressed that these techniques should be tailored to each individual situation, especially if combination therapies (multimodality protocols) are considered.