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Autophagy contributes to angiotensin II induced dysfunction of HUVECs

ABSTRACT Background: Signal transduction of Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced autophagy and its role in Ang II–induced dysfunction of HUVECs are still unclear. Methods: HUVECs are stimulated with different doses of Ang II (10-9-10-5 mol/L) for different time (6–48 hours). Autophagy-related protein markers: LC3, Beclin-1 and SQSTM1/p62 are measured by western blot. Results: Incubation with Ang II increases autophagic flux (Beclin-1, autophagosomes formation, and degradation of SQSTM1/p62, LC3-I). Increased autophagic levels are inhibited by pretreatment with Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker (Candesartan), NADPH Oxidase inhibitor (apocycin), mitochondrial KATP channels inhibitor (5-hydroxydecanoate, 5HD). 3-Methyladenine (inhibitors of autophagy) and rapamycin (activator of autophagy) respectively inhibits or activates Ang II–induced autophagy levels. Ang II decreases phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO production in HUVECs. L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) totally mimics the actions of Ang II on eNOS, NO production and autophagy levels. Rapamycin further decreases NO production combined with Ang II. Silence Atg5 completely reverses Ang II-activated autophagy levels. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that Ang II stimulation increases autophagy levels via AT1 receptor, NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial KATP channel, eNOS, Atg5 signal pathway in HUVECs, and activation of autophagy contributes to Ang II induced dysfunction of HUVECs.