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CSF brain parenchyma receptors blood

The leptomeninges, consisted of pia mater and arachnoid, cover the surface of brain parenchyma. Leptomeningeal cells produce a number of biologically active proteins, including prostaglandin-D synthase, cyclooxygenase-1, -2, insulin-like growth factor-II, insulin-like growth factor-binding proten-2, andapolipoproteinE, released into the cerebrospinal fluid. The involvement of leptomeninges in neurotrophic, scavenging, and transport activities as well as inflammatory responses, associated with the brain, is reviewed. Biomed Rev 1999; 10: 31-36.