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Base unpairing at the flap junction controls the rate of FEN1‐catalyzed cleavage of DNA during replication and repair

Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1) recognizes and cleaves 5′ single‐stranded DNA flaps to create nicked duplex products during DNA metabolic processes such as Okazaki fragment maturation, long‐patch base excision repair and telomere maintenance, and therefore has an essential role in genome duplication and stability (1). Defects in human FEN1 are associated with cancer and other genetic diseases (2). Hence, there is considerable interest in hFEN1 as a therapeutic target and diagnostic or prognostic biomarker (3–5), which can be aided by a detailed mechanistic understanding of the enzyme.