{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0222972972972973, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.27542372881356, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effect of maleic anhydride grafted and gamma-irradiated waste polypropylene on rheological properties of asphalt binder

ABSTRACT Waste polymers have been employed as a modifier in bitumen to improve the performance of the binders and reduce plastic pollution. Grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) is a method to increase the chemical and physical consistency between the polymer and binder. In this study, maleic anhydride grafted waste polypropylene was employed as a bitumen modifier. Gamma irradiation is applied to waste polypropylene to improve the compatibility. The effects of MA-grafted irradiated waste polypropylene (PP -γ-MA) on physical and rheological properties of bitumen were investigated through a test program. Storage stability tests signifies that the gamma irradiation could diminish the phase separation between the modifier and bitumen. The thermorheological tests showed employing PP -γ-MA improves the high temperature performance, whilst it has a slightly adverse effect on low temperature performance of bitumen. The results of multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test indicate that PP -γ-MA reduces the non-recoverable deformation and enhanced elastic recovery of the material, whereas the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test result signifies PP -γ-MA improved the fatigue life of asphalt by increasing fatigue damage resistance under different strain levels. The rheological test results emphasised on the usability of PP -γ-MA as a modifier in binders.