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Inhibition of Multi‐Resistance Bacteria by Acetone Extract of Cola acuminata

The rapid emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens has created an urgent need for discovering novel antibiotics with natural plant products as potential antimicrobial agents. Cola acuminata (Bizzy Nut), possesses a variety of bioactive compounds which exhibit important bioactive activities against the growth of certain mammalian cell lines, bacteria and fungi. However, the specific chemicals responsible for the antimicrobial bioactivity have not been identified. Therefore, we investigated a bioactive extract from Cola acuminata for the presence of antimicrobial activity using two multidrug resistant pathogenic bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The specific bioactive compounds present in C. acuminata was partially purified using sequential extraction with solvents of increasing polarity, followed by SPE purification. The antimicrobial activity associated with each extraction was evaluated using the agar diffusion and MIC assay screened with Staphylococcus aureus as a model multidrug resistant pathogenic organism. An enriched antimicrobial activity (Biz‐3w) obtained from the acetone extract (Biz‐3) and SPE purification was effective against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. We observed a dose and time dependent inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis with an effective dose (ED50) of 4 ug/ml, 3 ug/ml, and 3.2ug/ml respectively. The order of potency of Biz‐3w was Bacillus subtilis ≥ Staphylococcus aureus > Enterococcus faecalis. The results obtained in this study provide preliminary evidence of the presence of secondary metabolites in C. acuminata capable of inhibiting multidrug resistant bacteria.