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High sodium intake interacts with ADD1 Gly460Trp polymorphism in increasing hypertension odds among Filipino women

Hypertension (HTN) is a multifactorial disease influenced by environmental and genetic factors. We examined the association between high sodium (Na) intake and HTN among 1747 unrelated Filipino women (ages 35‐69 yr) and assessed whether the association is modified by a gene polymorphism (Gly460Trp of alpha adducin (ADD1)) shown to increase Na re‐absorption in the kidney. We used data gathered by the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey in 2005 and defined high Na intake as: at least 4600 mg/day (200% of recommended upper limit). Mean Na consumption was 2900 mg/day, 15% were categorized as high intake, and 29% were hypertensive. Adjusting for age, BMI, overweight duration and other confounders, logistic regression analyses showed that high Na intake increased HTN odds, especially among women homozygous for the 460Trp allele (19%). Women with lower Na intake carrying one or more copies of the 460Gly allele (reference) had the lowest odds of HTN: odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) for women with high Na intake carrying the 460Gly allele was 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) while that for women with high Na intake and homozygous for 460Trp was 2.9 (1.4, 6.0). The association among Na intake, ADD1 Gly460Trp, and hypertension was further modified by overweight duration. With relatively high frequency of the 460Trp allele compared to Caucasians, efforts to reduce Na intake should be strengthened.