{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.015993265993265993, 'fraction_numerical': 0.013468013468013467, 'mean_word_length': 5.497267759562842, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Iatrogenic collapse of the nasal valve after aesthetic rhinoplasty

We present our experience of reconstruction of the nasal valve after iatrogenic collapse, and evaluate the feasibility and outcome of composite grafts. We selected all collapsed nasal valves that occurred after primary aesthetic rhinoplasties of the total number done at the University Tor Vergata in Rome. We excluded collapses that followed septoplasty for nasal deviation, reconstructions, and rhinoplasties for trauma. We selected 15 patients of 1252 who presented from January 1998 to December 2003. Eleven patients who had collapse of both the external and internal valve were treated with a composite graft (septum plus retroauricular) inserted by an “open tip” technique. Four patients (1 with both internal and external valve collapse, 3 with only internal) were treated with a section and opening of the upper lateral cartilages, transposition and repositioning of mucocartilaginous flaps. Good functional and aesthetic results were achieved in almost all patients without complications. Composite cartilaginous grafts are an easy and safe technique for the treatment of iatrogenic collapse of the nasal valve.