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Nanowire-based 2-D and 3-D XoY electronics

The ability to deposit single crystalline materials on any substrate holds much promise for the fabrication of high-performance, low-cost flexible devices. This approach is called X-on-Y (XoY), where X stands for an arbitrary semiconductor and Y stands for an arbitrary substrate. To this end, we have multiple techniques for deposition of nanomaterials on arbitrary substrates. These techniques can be divided into two categories: three dimensional growth/assembly techniques [1–3] and two dimensional assembly techniques [4–8]. For fabrication of 3-D structures, we use a templated nanomaterial growth technique. Specifically, we use anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as the growth template. This allows us to control the size of the individual nanostructures as well as the spacing between adjacent nanostructures, as shown in Fig. 1. Alternatively, for 2-D assembly, we use a nanomaterial transfer process, where the nanostructures are first grown on a convenient growth substrate, and then deterministically placed on a substrate of choice using photolithography in conjunction with a printing process (Fig. 2). Here, we discuss the 3-D and 2-D assembly techniques, utilizing specific examples to illustrate the potential of these methods for the fabrication of high performance devices on arbitrary substrates.