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Frequent Headaches, Personality and Life Events

The following questions were addressed: (1) Is there an association between personality traits, life events and frequent headaches in the general population? (2) Do interactions between personality traits and life events affect the association with frequent headaches? METHODS. From 1975 to 1978, a population survey was undertaken in the Dutch town of Zoetermeer. Personality questionnaires were completed by 5766 subjects aged between 20 and 65 years (a response rate of 78%). In addition, they stated in a health questionnaire whether they suffered from headaches and if so, whether the headaches occurred daily, weekly, or less than once a week. Life events in the past 12 months were registered using a shortened Dutch version of Paykel's life event scale (1). personality traits were: general inadequacy (or neuroticism), social inadequacy, rigidity and injuredness; they were measured by the Dutch Personality Questionnaire (2). Firstly, sUbjects were classified into those with at least weekly headaches and those with less frequent headaches. Differences in personality traits between the groups were tested with the t-test and differences in the distribution of major and minor life events between the groups with the test for linear trend. Secondly, logistic regression analyses were carried out to study the effects of traits on headache frequency within each of the age groups, entering sex and age as potential confounders. Odds ratios were calculated on the basis of the logistic regression analyses. Thirdly, the presence of interactions between personality traits and life events was evaluated by the 'attributable proportion' according to Rothman (3). RESULTS. Subjects with at least weekly headaches generally had higher scores for inadequacy, social inadequacy, rigidity and injuredness than those with less frequent headaches. However, the differences for the latter three traits in subjects aged between 50 and 64 years were very small. A relatively larger