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Comparative evaluation of phylloxera isolations, which originated from 10 Hungarian vine districts.

The development of resistant rootstocks bred from North American species (e.g. V. berlandieri Planch., V. riparia Michx, V. rupestris Scheele) enabled the redevelopment of European viticulture after the destruction of our vineyard by grape phylloxera (Dactulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, Homoptera: Phylloxeridae). These rootstocks often allow limited growth and reproduction of rootfeeding phylloxera without observable vine damage, but may host large numbers of leaf-feeding forms. Three habitats are now commonly inhabited by European phylloxera: commercial vineyards on rootstocks (root-feeding), rootstock mother block (leafand root-feeding), and abandoned vineyards, in which rootstocks overtake the V. vinifera scions (leaf-feeding). Studies show genetic variations among the phylloxera population exist in California, in Australia, in Europe, also within Hungary. In our study the evolution, development, reproduction of phylloxera from ten Hungarian vine districts are presented on the root of Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay and on the root of rootstocks of V. berlandieri x V. riparia Teleki 5C, V. berlandieri x V. rupestris Georgikon 121 in vitro observations. Our experiment was established according to the method of Granett (1996) and Kocsis (1998) using root bioassay. The eggs were collected in 6 days interval for infestation. The development of the insects was followed from egg hatching stage to adult stage. When phylloxera reached the adult stage than eggs were collected in weekly period. Means are compared by ANOVA. The number of phylloxera eggs was increased rapidly from 18th day. The strains originated from Tokaj and Keszthely (380 and 801 eggs on 32 day) had higher reproduction and were more aggressive than the others (average production 189,87 eggs). It can be concluded from the results, that Georgikon 121 rootstock as highly phylloxera resistant as V. berlandieri x V. riparia Teleki 5C. We have used V. vinifera cv. Chardonnay for susceptible control, on what the development and reproduction of phylloxera was intense.