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The impact of technology on sport — new frontiers

In the 21st century, more people than ever before are participating in sports. In the words of the former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, sport has truly become a universal language, bringing people together, no matter what their origin, background, religious beliefs or economic status. With increased interest and participation in sports, and the extensive media coverage of sporting events worldwide, sport has evolved into a global business worth approximately US$600 billion (and growing), including sports products and services. The world sporting goods market is estimated at approximately US$120 billion retail, with footwear accounting for US$30 billion, apparel US$50 billion and equipment US$40 billion. The sports industry has diversified to accommodate the different interests and needs of the broader stakeholder base. The attributes described by the Olympic motto ‘Swifter, Higher, Stronger’ (in Latin Citius, Altius, Fortius) are very much complemented today by additional aims that include, for example, safety, equity and access. Over the years, the industry has promoted and helped develop new sports that have in turn served as catalysts for new types of products. The quest for new markets, records and sports supremacy has led to millions of dollars being spent on research in and development of sport techniques and equipment. As a consequence, both athletes and coaches are now involved in increasingly complex systems that rely heavily on advanced technologies.