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FGF‐2 Modulates Dopamine and Dopamine‐related Striatal Transmitter Systems in the Intact and MPTP‐lesioned Mouse

Following a previous study in which we showed ameliorative effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) locally applied to the nigrostriatal system in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐lesioned mice, we investigated FGF‐2 actions at different time intervals after the lesion and effects on non‐dopaminergic striatal transmitter systems. A triple intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg MPTP at 24 h intervals caused a reduction of striatal dopamine to 23% of control levels that lasted for at least 4 weeks. Four μg FGF‐2 soaked into gel foam and placed onto the right striatum partially and bilaterally restored dopamine levels and tyrosine hydroxylase activity after 2 weeks, when the treatment started simultaneously or 1 day after the toxin lesion. FGF‐2 was ineffective, if administration commenced with a delay of 7 days. Striatal neurotransmitters that are known to be linked to the dopaminergic system were also altered by the MPTP treatment. GABA was significantly increased, while somatostatin levels were reduced. Upon FGF‐2 administration both GABA and somatostatin levels were partially normalized. Our data are consistent with the notion that FGF‐2 protects and rescues acutely and subacutely MPTP‐lesioned nigrostriatal neurons and that its effects must be mainly indirect. Likewise, positive effects of FGF‐2 on non‐dopaminergic neurons may be due to the partial restoration of striatal dopamine.