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Interactions Between Oxygen, Potassium, and Osmolality in Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow

The effects of interactions among vasodilator materials on skeletal muscle vascular resistance are reported. The constant blood flow, reservoir perfused dog gracilis muscle was used to examine the effect of potassium, osmolality, and oxygen deficiency, alone and in combination, on resistance to blood flow through this muscle. Although each of these, when used alone, was found to be effective in reducing vascular resistance, the degree of vasodilatation induced did not approach that produced by muscular contraction. When the three were used in combination, however, marked vasodilatation occurred. Thus, for any given oxygen supply relative to demand, the degree and rate of vasodilatation were greater or less depending on the concomitant potassium concentration and level of osmolality. The combination of oxygen deficient blood and increased osmolality produced consistently greater vasodilatation than either one when used alone. Similarly, perfusion with blood that was oxygen deficient and in which osmolality and potassium were increased to physiologically high levels produced greater vasodilatation than the combination of any two of these. These data also revealed that these three combined changes reduced substantially or abolished the increased vascular tone produced by sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve stimulation. Since skeletal muscle contraction is associated with reduced oxygen supply relative to demand and increased venous blood osmolality and potassium concentration, these data indicate that oxygen deficiency, potassium, and osmolality interrelate to contribute substantially to the vasodilatation associated with contraction of skeletal muscle.