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Front & Back Matter

Please refer to the ‘Instructions for Preparation of Specific Manuscript Categories’. Footnotes: Avoid footnotes. When essential, they are numbered consecutively and typed at the foot of the appropriate page. Tables and Illustrations: Tables and illustrations (both numbered in Arabic numerals) should be prepared on separate sheets. Tables require a heading and figures a legend, also prepared on a separate sheet. For technical reasons, figures with a screen background should not be submitted. When possible, group several illustrations in one block for reproduction (max. size 180  223 mm) or provide crop marks. Each illustration must be labelled with its number and the first author’s name. B/w half-tone and color illustrations must have a final resolution of 300 dpi after scaling, line drawings one of 800–1,200 dpi. Figure files must not be embedded in a document file but submitted separately (see http:// www.karger.com/fdt). Instructions for Preparation of Specific Manuscript Categories Original Papers The guidelines below should be followed as closely as possible. This will help the editors and reviewers to interpret the aims and value of your research. An abstract of up to 200 words, structured with the same headings as below, should be provided. Introduction This should clearly state the research question and introduce the condition and the clinical or research problem being addressed. Lengthy descriptions of previous evidence, particularly information that may be important for the topic in general but is not strictly related to the research question, should be avoided. At the end of the introduction please clarify what new or complementary information your research is providing with respect to existing knowledge or previous research. Material and Methods The section must contain clear information on permissions obtained by ethical committees, inclusion and exclusion criteria, methods of research, variables evaluated and main outcome measures, along with other secondary variables evaluated, definitions used, and statistical analyses. Results The findings of the study should be described concisely following the same structure as in Materials and Methods. The text should complement, but not duplicate, the information contained in the tables and figures. Comments on the findings in this section should be avoided. Discussion The Discussion should be as structured as possible, and contain at least the following paragraphs, each with information responding to the following questions: • What are the main findings? • How do they compare with previous studies: which are the similarities and differences and the reasons for them? • What are the pathophysiological basis and insights reinforced or newly provided by the findings? (If applicable.)