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Managers Interest in Work

The Study Sample The study sample was composed of 378 male middle managers in the banking, manufacturing, and retailing industries from the area of metropolitan Portland, Oregon. The total sample consists of 106 banking middle managers from one company; 162 manufacturing middle managers from two companies; and 110 retailing middle managers from four companies. These companies range in size from 400 to 800 employees for the retailing sample, 1000 to 7000 employees for the manufacturing sample, and 1200 employees for the banking sample. The definition of middle management used in this study includes those positions below the level where major policy and innovative decisions are made and above the level of the rank and file members. Thus, middle managers carry out company policies and supervise the activities of the workers. This definition would include general managers, engineers, buyers, supervisory sales personnel, and loan officers. The companies in the present study were selected non-randomly upon the basis of their willingness to participate. The initial company contact was either with the vice president in charge of personnel or the personnel manager. The measuring instrument used in the present study was the Central Life Interest (CLI) questionnaire as developed by Dr. Robert Dubin of the University of California at Irvine.' The CLI questionnaire was delivered to company officials who then prepared a cover letter requesting managerial cooperation. The questionnaires, which contained a statement assuring respondents of anonymity, were then randomly distributed among the male middle managers, with instructions to mail them directly to me using an enclosed stamped, self-addressed envelope. The response for the bank company was 72 percent; for the two manufacturing companies it was 83 percent and 92 percent; and for the four retailing companies it was 97 percent, 64 percent, 83 percent, and 91 percent. The average response for the entire sample was 82 percent.