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The Notion of Equality in Chile's Communist and Socialist Left, 1960–1973

On September 4, 1970, the Popular Unity (UP) coalition of left parties, with Salvador Allende as its candidate, won Chile’s presidential election. The brief and intense historical moment that ensued has been recognized by progressives all over the world as one of the greatest advances of its time toward the construction of a new society. It has been 40 years since the most terrible military coup in Chilean history (September 11, 1973), which, together with the tragic death of Allende and thousands of his compatriots, put an end to the revolutionary project of the UP. This anniversary provides an occasion for us to re-examine the notion of equality as it appeared in the theoretical/political context of that time. Equality is central to any emancipatory project. As Daniel Singer wrote (1999: 223), the authentic notion of equality differs from apparently similar concepts currently in vogue such as “equity” or “equality of opportunity” – theoretically vague ideas formulated by advocates of the “Third Way” who dominated public debate during the last two decades (see, e.g. Giddens 1994). In the period of absolute neoliberal hegemony, various authors have focused their reflections on the enormous inequalities of our society and on the need to overcome them. At the same time, the experiences of Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador since the end of the 1990s, as well as other struggles underway in the Southern