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Vacuum Tribological Properties of Titanium Enhanced via Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Processing Pretreatment and Plasma Nitriding

ABSTRACT For the purpose of enhancing the vacuum friction-reducing and antiwear performance of UNS R50400 Ti, ultrasonic surface rolling processing (USRP) has been introduced as pretreatment of plasma nitriding (PN). Various nitriding temperatures from 650 to 950°C have been adopted to investigate the effects of USRP pretreatment on plasma nitriding of Ti. The results of experiments show that the friction-reducing and antiwear performance are enhanced by USRP pretreatment when the PN temperature is below 750°C, resulting from the formation of thicker and harder nitriding layer with a reasonable gradient structure. Nevertheless, USRP pretreatment results in a rough surface and a large-sized columnar crystal gradient structure when the PN temperature is above 750°C, leading to poor vacuum tribological performance. In aggregate, USRP pretreatment is an effective pretreatment to decrease the optimized plasma-nitriding temperature from 850 to 750°C.