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Y‐chromosome lineage determines cardiovascular organ T‐cell infiltration in the stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rat

The essential role of the Y chromosome in male sex determination has largely overshadowed the possibility that it may exert other biologic roles. Here, we show that Y‐chromosome lineage is a strong determinant of perivascular and renal T‐cell infiltration in the stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rat, which, in turn, may influence vascular function and blood pressure (BP). We also show, for the first time to our knowledge, that augmented perivascular T‐cell levels can directly instigate vascular dysfunction, and that the production of reactive oxygen species that stimulate cyclo‐oxygenase underlies this. We thus provide strong evidence for the consideration of Y‐chromosome lineage in the diagnosis and treatment of male hypertension, and point to the modulation of cardiovascular organ T‐cell infiltration as a possible mechanism that underpins Y‐ chromosome regulation of BP.—Khan, S. I., Andrews, K. L., Jackson, K. L., Memon, B., Jefferis, A.‐M., Lee, M. K. S., Diep, H., Wei, Z., Drummond, G. R., Head, G. A., Jennings, G. L., Murphy, A. J., Vinh, A., Sampson, A. K., Chin‐Dusting, J. P. F. Y‐chromosome lineage determines cardiovascular organ T‐cell infiltration in the stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. FASEB J. 32,2747–2756 (2018). www.fasebj.org