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The Morphology of TiiAlC (M2AX) and TiiC (MXene) Sheets Revealed by HAADF STEM Analysis

The MAX phases are a family of materials composed of a transition metals (M), an A group element (A), and carbon and/or nitrogen (X) with a combination of metallic and ceramic properties [1]. The significance of the MAX phases stems from their laminated structure, where Mn+1Xn sheets are interleaved with atomically thin A layers. The M-X bonds consist of a mixture of covalent, metallic, and ionic bonds making M-X compounds exceptionally strong and hence appealing for new applications [2]. The family of graphene-analogous material, known as MXenes, was discovered recently by Barsoum ́s group [3]. The MXenes are synthesized from the MAX phases by removal of A-layers through chemical etching, resulting in stand-alone 2D sheets. It was confirmed that the properties of the MXene layered compounds such as wetting, electrical and electrochemical properties can be tunable through selections of surface functional groups. As modified surfaces make MXenes interesting in multiple fields, for instance in energy storage systems and catalysis.