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The Role of Relationships and Reciprocity in the Implementation of Process Innovation

Abstract This study examines the importance of different relationships to the implementation process for 129 projects in the North American electronics industry. The findings offer guidance on the types of relationships, or interactions, that are most likely to provide the implementer with important assistance for process innovation. Internal and external relationships were found to be important to the implementation process. The importance of reciprocity in relationships was identified. The following groups were found to be important to process implementation (listed in descending order of importance): implementer's peers, customers, suppliers, consultants, peers at sister plants, non–peer group members in the same firm, personnel at noncompeting firms, and personnel at competing firms. The relative importance of other relationships and interactions is also considered.