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Development of a nanoscale displacement sensor based on the shadow method.

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, bionic coaxial micro-displacement sensor based on the shadow method is developed and experimentally demonstrated inspired by the water strider walking on the water. The water is used as the sensitive element to measure the micro- displacement. A meniscus is formed by the superhydrophobic circular plate subjected to a coaxial displacement excitation. Then a shadow is formed because of the refraction when the parallel light illuminates the meniscus. A maximum coaxial displacement sensitivity of 62 nm/pixel over the displacement range of 50 µm is achieved experimentally. The linearity error in the measurement range was 1.58%. Therefore, it is expected that this displacement sensor can be used in many important ultraprecision measurement fields because of the advantages of the easy structure and high resolution.