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Justification and the Workings of the Gift of Grace

This chapter contends that the metaphysical complexity sustaining Vermigli’s work can be seen in his theology of justification, specifically in the way he envisages the gift of grace. If grace is given in such a way that it intrinsically transforms human beings, as Vermigli envisages especially in his theology of the union with Christ, this presupposes that God’s action is ontological, and that the finite realm participates in God. The same does not seem to be the case when gifts are given extrinsically. Vermigli holds both theses, insisting that human beings can receive the gift of grace only extrinsically (through imputation), while equally maintaining that this gift transforms them intrinsically.