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Triangular and Rectangular Lattices for Cosecant-Squared-Shaped Beam Reflectarrays

In this letter, we design, analyze, simulate, fabricate, and measure the performance of reflectarrays capable of forming cosecant-squared beam shape. Due to their unique pattern and abrupt change, achieving a cosecant-squared beam is challenging. In our effort, we evaluate the efficacy of a commonly used rectangular lattice and compare it, for the first time, to a triangular lattice. Two linearly polarized reflectarrays, each with 20 λ0 diameter in size, are fabricated and tested at 20 GHz. Through statistical methods, we quantify the gain agreement between the desired cosecant-squared mask and the measured beam patterns for both rectangular and triangular lattices. We have found that the rectangular lattice conforms better to the cosecant-squared mask at the design frequency of 20 GHz with a root-mean-square error of 6.27 dB. The triangular lattice conforms less, however, it does allow for an increase in gain bandwidth of 6.2% as compared to 4.5% for the rectangular lattice. Measured and simulated patterns are in a good agreement.