{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.021052631578947368, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002105263157894737, 'mean_word_length': 5.469387755102041, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Chaotic behavior observations in a power system model

Chaotic behavior in power systems has been studied in relatively simple and theoretical system models, where some particular assumptions are made to represent the system as a set of ordinary differential equations (ODE), using ldquospecialrdquo nonlinear system analysis tools. In this paper, chaotic behavior on the IEEE 14-bus benchmark system, using a transient stability model and its associated differential-algebraic equations (DAE), is demonstrated and studied based on classical time-domain simulations, without the use of specialized software or simplifying assumptions. The dynamic behavior of the test system is studied for normal operating conditions and for a single contingency case, and the onset of chaos is verified through a Fourier analysis and Lyapunov exponents. The addition of a power system stabilizer (PSS) to the system is shown to remove the observed chaotic behavior.