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Financing trends in Latin America

We can distinguish two stages of global financial innovation during the period 1970–2005. The first of these waves can be traced back to the demise of the Bretton Woods system in 1971 and the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979. The disintegration of the Bretton Woods arrangement of fixed exchange rates allowed countries to open up to greater capital mobility, while the surge in oil prices provided markets with an influx of new funds. At the same time, capital market activity became concentrated in a few major international financial centres, mainly Frankfurt, London, New York and Tokyo.