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Increased expression of osteopontin in patients with triple‐negative breast cancer

Background  Patients with triple‐negative [oestrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2/neu) negative] breast cancer, accounting for about 15% of breast cancer cases, are associated with aggressive histology, poor prognosis and shorter survival. Osteopontin is a chemokine‐like phosphorylated glycoprotein that plays important role in cancer progression and is found to be a metastasis‐associated protein in breast cancer. The goal of the study was to evaluate osteopontin protein expression levels in triple‐negative breast carcinomas to determine if they correlated with clinicopathological parameters, thus providing additional support for osteopontin functioning and better understanding of triple‐negative breast cancer.