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Integrated Differential Phase Contrast (iDPC)–Direct Phase Imaging in STEM for Thin Samples

Imaging the phase of the transmission function has always been the ultimate goal of any (S)TEM imaging technique as it is, for thin samples, directly proportional to the projected potential in the sample. Customarily this information is obtained using Holography [1] or by performing focus series reconstruction in TEM (FSR-TEM) [2], recently also in combination with Phase Plates (PP) [3] and/or image Cs correction. Ptychographic reconstruction has also been considered as an alternative [4].