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Conspiracy to Discredit the Black Buffaloes: The 92nd Infantry in World War II

After reading several publications about the experience of the 92nd Infantry Division of World War II, I reached the conclusion that the majority concurred that segregation was the root cause for most of the difficulties experienced by this division. But my personal experiences in the military instinctively directed my investigation into other causes which affected the combat performance of this unit. Together, each cause affected the destiny of the 92nd. However, one cause stands alone as being the most costly in terms of needless black lives lost in combat. Some white army leaders conspired to discredit this unit by using deficiencies in training and actual combat engagements to offset the claims by the Afro-American community that black soldiers were capable in infantry roles. Therefore, failure to perform before the Afro-American and white communities comparably to white units would justify and permit infantry units to return to their prewar status. But before one examines the causes and difficulties encountered, it should be noted that the army from the beginning had significant and lasting problems. Throughout most of the twentieth century, the United States Active Army has been unable to solve the age-old problem of being effectively prepared for the next conflict. But this problem was not unique to the twentieth century, its roots can be traced back to earlier debates by the founding fathers as to the economic and political necessity for maintaining a large standing army. Once the precedent was reached to reduce, disband, or place in reserve many army units along with its experienced cadre, the army consistently has been unable to adjust to a repetitive process of mobilization and demobilization. Usually, negative results have occurred at the beginning of most conflicts, because the army was not adequately prepared. This process, which all too often, has depleted the army of experienced leadership also has affected training. Invaluable lessons learned from previous conflicts were shelved or completely forgotten, creating stagnation in tho active army. Besides these economic and political aspects which have affected the army, the mass mobilization of thousands of individuals into the active ranks during the "Great War" and World War II had created a new problem for an army totally unprepared to cope with social difficulties introduced to it by a major influx of blacks.