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Application of digital rock technology (DRT) at pore scale fluid flow

This paper describes the application of digital rock technology (DRT) at the pore scale fluid flow. DRT is relatively new, on the verge of being accepted and adopted by the oil and gas industry and will be an integral part of laboratory routine core analysis (RCL) and special core analysis (SCAL) in the near future. The first part of the paper is the description of the image acquisition and processing. A digital rock sample can be developed starting from micro-CT scan images, creating an exact replica of a real sample. The digital rock sample has two parts; pore spaces and grains. The pore spaces are used to model fluid flow and petro-physical properties calculations. On the other hand, the grains are used to determine elastic properties. This paper only focuses on fluid flow. First, pores are separated from grains using image processing software. Next the surface mesh is generated, followed by the volume mesh. This volume mesh is then used for flow modelling. Both single and two-phase flow modelling techniques are described and how these modelling techniques can be used for the important determination of petro-physical properties. The last part of the paper is the modelling of rock-fluid interaction where both pore spaces and grains are used simultaneously. The advantages of using DRT are that it is cost effective, has fast turnaround and unlimited re-use. On the other hand, the rock sample is very small (1-3 mm3), so correct representative element volume (REV) needs to be used for accurate analysis which is very difficult for a heterogeneous rock sample like carbonate or shale. More calibration works are required before this technology is fully accepted and established by the oil and gas industry.