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ANTIFUNGAL DISINFECTANTS EFFICIENCY ON ASPERGILLUS STRAINS FROM CAMEL’S MILK AND DRINKING WATER: BIOLOGICAL DETOXIFICATION OF AFLATOXIN-M1

This study was conducted to assess the distribution of mold and mycotoxins in raw camel’s milk and water samples and to evaluate the fungicidal activity of three disinfectants and the detoxification capabilities of LAB towards aflatoxin M1 in camel’s milk. Molds were isolated from 56 and 64% of water and raw camel milk samples, respectively. Aspergillus spp. were the most abundant species isolated from water and raw camel milk samples with 10.9 and 11.6%, respectively, followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. The concentrations of aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin-A (OTA) in the examined water samples were 7.97 and 8.28 μg/l, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of aflatoxin-M1 (AFM1) and ochratoxin-A (OTA) in the examined raw camel milk samples were 1.89 and 1.69 μg/l, respectively. Quaternary ammonium/glutaraldehyde based disinfectant was the most efficient disinfectants against the isolated fungal species. On contaminated dairy surfaces; exposure of A. flavus to Quaternary ammonium/glutaraldehyde based disinfectant for shorter contact times less than one-hour exhibited reduced efficacy with log reduction not exceed 2.6 log, while for A. ochraceus, a minimum of 15 minutes’ exposure time was required to induce good efficacy with 3.2 log reduction. Adjusting exposures time for one hour showed good efficacy for both A. flavus and A. ochraceus with 4.5 and 4.6 log reduction, respectively. The AFM1 concentration in prepared yoghurt from camel's milk was reduced to 24.6% after the first 5 days of incubation; and after incubation for 15 and 20 days, further reduction to 45.9 and 55.7% was observed, respectively.