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Droplet movement on a vertical gradient surface

This research studies the improvement of droplet movement on a vertical surface. Silicon substrates fabricated with different surface tension gradients are used to enhance heat transfer efficiency in a vapor condensing system. Experimental results find that the heat transfer efficiency of gradient surface with strip width C=1 mm can be 10% higher than a hydrophilic surface. The mechanism for the gradient surface is also studied by both theoretical and experimental methods. A characteristic length scale Lc, defined as Lc = radicY/pg where gamma, p and g represent the liquid surface Pg tension coefficient, liquid density and gravity, is found in the system. When the gradient surface length scale C is much higher than the length scale Lc, the system can be considered as an only gravity driven system. When length scale C of the gradient surface is smaller than or equals to the length scale Lc, the surface tension gradient driven force becomes dominant force in the system. It is found that C=1 mm gradient surface can cause smaller droplets to move and it is believed this is the major mechanism responsible for the better heat transfer efficiency.