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Removal of diesel pollution by biochar - support in water remediation

Water contaminated with diesel oil represents one of the greatest challenges
 in waste water management. Water soluble fraction (WSF) is of particular
 interest because of its toxicity to aquatic organisms and discharge
 regulations set by environmental authorities. Biochar sorbents have
 attracted great attention, due to their low cost origin and advantageous
 properties as well as high sorption capacities in sorption processes. In
 this study, we have reported the synthesis and characteristics of novel
 biochar sorbent made from waste lignocellulosic biomass (peach stones (PS))
 and evaluated its possible application in removal of diesel WSF from
 synthetic water. Physiochemical characteristics of the biochar sample were
 analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)
 method, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), along with the
 elemental analysis. Characterisation of PS biochar (PS-B) indicated high
 multi porous surface area (159.1 m2 g-1) with the average pore diameter 2.7
 nm. FTIR results indicated higher presence of aromatic compounds in PS-B as
 compared to PS. The sorption experiments performed in a batch system using
 PS-B resulted in more than 95 % removal of diesel WSF, reaching equilibrium
 after 5 h. Equilibrium data were well fitted by Freundlich isotherm, while
 the pseudo-second order equation fitted well the kinetic data, indicating
 chemisorption involving valency forces through the sharing/exchange of
 electrons between the sorbent and PS-B. Applications of ecotoxicology tests
 based on a microbial biosensor (Aliivibrio fischeri) have shown a
 significant toxicity reduction of water sample after the treatment with
 biochar.