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Global response of the low‐latitude to midlatitude ionosphere due to the Bastille Day flare

The first global simulation study and comparison to data of the ionospheric effects associated with the enhanced EUV irradiance of the Bastille Day flare are presented. This is done by incorporating a time‐dependent EUV spectrum, based on data and hydrodynamic modeling, into the NRL ionosphere model SAMI3. The simulation results indicate that the total electron content (TEC) increases to over 7 TEC units in the daytime, low‐latitude ionosphere. In addition, it is predicted that the maximum density in the F‐layer (NmF2) increases by ≲20% and that the height of the maximum electron density (HmF2) decreases by ≲20%. These results are explained by the increased ionization at altitudes <400 km which increases TEC and NmF2 while decreasing HmF2. The results are in reasonably good agreement with data obtained from GPS satellites and the TOPEX satellite.