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Role of SARA in high glucose induced ECM accumulation in human renal tubular epithelial cells

Objective:To determine the effect of smad anchor for receptor activation(SARA) on the development of high glucose induced extracellular matrix(ECM) accumulation in human renal tubular epithelial cells.Methodology: In the study,HK-2 cells were exposed to high glucose(30 mmol/L D-glucose).Furthrnore,HK-2 cells were Iransfected with the plasmids of wild-type SARA(SARA(WT) ) or SARA mutant(SARA with SUD deletion,called SARA(dSBD) ) and then was stimulated by high glucose.The gene expression levels were assayed by Real-time PCR and the protein expression levels were detected by Western-blot.Results:High glucose resulted in ECM accumulation in HK-2 cells.The expression of TCF-β_1 and Smad3 was increased after stimulation of high glucose in HK-2.However,the mRNA expression of Smad2 was increased while its protein expression was downregulaled in a time dependent manner.Smad2 and Smad3 were activated by glucose stimulation and Smad3 kept activation for a longer time than Smad2.Meanwhile,the gene and protein expression of SARA was decreased.Compared with high glucose group,overexpression of SARA can down-regulate the expression of FN and Col 1.However,SARA(dSBD) had no significant effect on their expression.Conclusion;TGF-β1 signaling was activated and SARA expression was downregulated during the process of high glucose induced ECM accumulation in HK-2 cells.Overexpression of SARA could inhibit the ECM accumulation and this effect depended on the SBD domain of SARA.