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An Ultra-Fast Digitally Reconstructed Radiograph (DRR) Implementation of the Siddon-Jacobs Algorithm using Parallel Computing: Runtime Improvement of an Intensity-Based 2D/3D Registration

Abstract A key component of an intensity-based 2D/3D registration is the digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) module, which creates 2D projections from pre-operative 3D data, e.g., CT and MRI scans. On average, an intensity-based 2D/3D registration requires ten iterations and the rendering of twelve DRR images per iteration. In a typical DRR implementation, the rendering time is about two seconds, and the registration runtime is four minutes. We present an implementation of the Siddon-Jacobs algorithm that uses a novel pixel-step approach to determine the pixel location of the rendering plane. In addition, we calculate the intensity of each pixel in the rendering plane using a parallel computing approach. The DRR rendering time is reduced to 10ms on average so that the registration runtime can be achieved in an average of 4.8 seconds.