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Pathogenesis and immunology of chlamydial infections of the genital tract.

In recent years there has been a steady increase in our understanding of the pathogenesis and immunobiology of lower genital tract infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Much of this increase in knowledge has stemmed from two areas of research: clinical, pathologic, and immunologic observations of patients and the development and study of animal models. Research on patients has included the use of techniques such as histologic examination of biopsy specimens and measurement of levels of antibody and/or leukocyte responses to chlamydial antigens. The animal models that have been developed include experimental genital tract infections not only with C. trachomatis but also with appropriate Chlamydia psittaci organisms, such as the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis. Continued investigation of the pathophysiologic and immunologic bases of chlamydial genital tract disease should lead to the rational development of potential control measures, such as vaccines or other forms of prophylaxis or therapy.