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Cooperative bargaining game‐theoretic methodology for 5G wireless heterogeneous networks

Cooperative game‐theoretic modelling, analysis and design are critical to mitigate interference and save energy for 5G wireless evolution. Nash axiomatic cooperative game has been widely used to model various cooperation‐motivated technical problems, notably in signal processing and communications. However, its most potentials have not been fully exploited, for example, different trade‐offs between efficiency and fairness, where efficiency is referred to as both spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). The trade‐offs can be determined by various cooperative solution concepts, for example, the favourable Nash bargaining solution and its rarely studied extensions. Therefore, we first overview the basics of the celebrated Nash bargaining solution and its extensions with geometric interpretations to help better understand them and facilitate distributed algorithm design. Then, both symmetric and asymmetric cooperative game‐theoretic frameworks are formulated with different trade‐offs incorporating an asymmetric unified β‐coefficient determined cooperative game model. As a use case, an α‐parameter‐related preference function is designed first incorporating both SE and EE. Then, the presented frameworks with the new preference function are studied in a typical heterogeneous network. In the following text, we characterise the effects of β‐coefficient to fairness and efficiency and α‐parameter to SE and EE. Finally, we conclude the article with the hope of stimulating more interest in cooperative bargaining game and its wider applications in the signalling and communication communities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.