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Changes in tourism in countries of the former Yugoslavia after gaining independence – introduction

with two alphabets, three languages, four religions and five nationalities that live in six republics, are surrounded by seven neighbours and must live in harmony with eight minorities” (Lopatka, 2018). This short sentence explicitly shows how complicated the internal situation in Yugoslavia was. The example of Yugoslavia clearly shows how difficult it is to even out the level of income between particular regions (countries). These countries have been in different cultural and civilizational areas for many centuries. After the Second World War, when communists had taken power, a system of financial transfers was introduced with the main objective to even out the standard of living and development in individual republics. All the republics had to contribute a part of the generated income to a specially allocated fund which then was supposed to be transferred to the poorest parts of the country, whether in the form of grants or loans on preferential terms. Despite these transfers, after the dissolution of Yugoslavia, it became apparent that the disparities in the development of particular countries have survived. In the 1960s and the 1970s Yugoslavia implemented the most liberal policy among the socialist states (Furubotn, Pejovich, 1973; Rusinov, 1967). Its openness to western countries led to the inflow of foreign investment; the Yugoslavian passport allowed citizens to travel around the world, and millions of tourists from capitalist countries left money in Yugoslavia. Before the dissolution, Yugoslavia had been famous for its enchanting Plitvice lakes, the Belgrade Kalemegdan, the Sarajevo Old Town and stunning Dubrovnik. However, for a growing group of tourists it was not these sites that were the main destination of tourist trips. The media image of the Balkans, which consisted of beautiful elements of nature and the richness of its cultures, was complemented by an image of the devastating and tragic civil war. The first signs of a registered tourist movement in the area of the former Yugoslavia should be recorded at the end of 1992, when an Italian tourist agent, Massimo Beyerle, organized special expeditions Journal of Geography, Politics and Society