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Millimeter-wave integrated reflectometer architectures for biomedical applications

This paper presents an overview of state-of-the-art read-out circuits for integrated millimeter-wave reflectometers in silicon technology. Different architectures based on homodyne or heterodyne lock-in detection, six-port passive networks, and sampled-line approaches are introduced and their respective circuit implementations are presented. Furthermore, the application potential of these integrated sensors is shown through the presentation of a highly integrated dielectric sensor.