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Delay in platelet recovery after bone marrow transplantation: impact of cytomegalovirus infection.

The effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on hematopoietic recovery after marrow-ablative chemoradiotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was studied in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade malignancy and in patients with acute leukemia. The recovery of platelets after autologous BMT occurred significantly quicker in CMV-negative patients than in CMV-positive patients (platelets greater than 50,000 per cubic millimeter after 21 1/2 v 40 days, respectively). No differences in the recovery of neutrophils were found between those with or without CMV infection. CMV-positive patients required significantly more transfusion support with thrombocyte concentrates than CMV-negative patients (three v six thrombocyte concentrates). In conclusion, CMV infections do not influence neutrophil recovery but do delay platelet recovery. As a consequence, patients with a CMV infection, whether primary, reactivated, or latent, require more thrombocyte concentrates, which increases the risk of transfusion-related infections.