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A review on the FvCB biochemical model of photosynthesis and the measurement of A - C i curves

The biochemical model of photosynthesis proposed by Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry is a CO 2 response model based on photosynthetic processes. It hypothesizes that leaf CO 2 assimilation rate ( A ) of C 3 plants is de-cided by the minimum of three biochemical processes: the carboxylation rate supported by ribulose-1,5-bispho-sphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration rate supported by electron transport and the triose-phosphate (TP) use rate. Fitting leaf CO 2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO 2 concentration ( A - C i ) curves with the modified FvCB model could provide several important biochemical parameters, including maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate, maximum rate of electron transport, TP use rate, day respiration rate and mesophyll conductance. The FvCB model has greatly improved our understanding and predic-tion of plant photosynthetic physiology and its response to environmental changes. In this review, we firstly de-scribed the FvCB model, and analysed the characteristics of this model: segmentation and overparameterization. We reviewed the estimation of biochemical parameters which by fitting A - C i curves with the FvCB model. The biochemical parameters were estimated previously by segmenting subjectively and fitting each limitation state separately, whereas now by segmenting objectively and fitting all limitation simultaneously. In comparison to the previously conventional ordinary least squares (OLS), terativgorithms ( eg. Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Anneal-ing Algorithm) based on the modern computer technology are now in common use. However, to further improve the reliability and the precision of the parameters estimation, more studies about Rubisco kinetics parameters and their temperature dependence are needed. In the end, to obtain efficient photosynthetic data for biochemical parameters estimation, we integrated and modified methods concerning the measurement of A - C i curves according to current knowledge about FvCB model fitting. We expect this review would advance our understanding and ap-plication of the FvCB model and A - C i curves.