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Effect of aerobic training on vascular and metabolic risk factors for recurrent stroke: a meta-analysis

Abstract Aim This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of aerobic training, compared to non-aerobic interventions, on vascular and metabolic risk factors for recurrent stroke. Method This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines (PRISMA). Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and Cinahl up to May 8th 2019. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of solely aerobic training on vascular and metabolic risk factors for recurrent stroke were included in a meta-analysis if relevant outcomes were reported in at least two articles. Results Our search resulted in a total of 7381 hits. Eleven outcomes out of nine articles were included in the meta-analysis. A significant positive effect of aerobic training was found on systolic blood pressure (−3.59 mmHg, 95% CI −6.14 to −1.05) and fasting glucose (−0.12 mmol/l, 95% CI −0.23 to −0.02). The effect on systolic blood pressure further improved when only high-quality studies were included (−4.95 mmHg, 95% CI −8.24 to −1.66). Conclusion Aerobic training results in a significant positive effect on systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose after stroke when compared to non-aerobic usual care or non-aerobic exercise. Implications for rehabilitation Aerobic training has a positive effect on two of the most important vascular risk factors for recurrent stroke (i.e., systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose). The effect of solely aerobic training seems to be comparable to the effect of combined strength exercise and aerobic training for systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose. Since aerobic training has a significant effect on risk factors for recurrent stroke, implementation of aerobic training in daily life is important to reduce long term stroke risk. Previous research has showed that other metabolic risk factors can be altered by other interventions (e.g., strength exercise or lifestyle coaching), therefore, post-stroke prevention programs should be tailored in order to target specific risk-factors for individual patients.