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Glia maturation factor activate mast cells and induce chemokine CCL2 release: Implication for neurodegenerative diseases

We previously discovered, purified and sequenced Glia maturation factor (GMF) from bovine brain. We have also demonstrated increased expression of GMF in the central nervous system (CNS) of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Multiple Sclerosis/Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. GMF mediates neurodegeneration by releasing inflammatory mediators from glial cells. Although mast cells are known to secrete neuroactive histamine, serotonin, kinins, leukotriens, cytokine/chemokine and proteolytic enzymes, and mast cell activation has been previously reported in the CNS of neurodegenerative diseases, it is not known if GMF can activate mast cells to release inflammatory mediators. In the present study, mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMCs) from Wild type (Wt) and GMF‐deficient (GMF‐KO) mice were incubated with GMF in vitro and the supernatant culture media were analyzed for CC ligand 2 (CCL2) release, which is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. We demonstrate for the first time that GMF‐induced CCL2 release from BMMCs from Wt mice in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner and that this release is lesser in mast cells derived from GMF‐KO mice. We suggest that GMF can activate mast cells and contribute to the neurodegeneration (supported by VA Merit Review award and by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grant NS47145).