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Hemorrhagic infarction: risk factors, clinical and tomographic features, and outcome A case‐control study

ABSTRACT— A radiological diagnosis of hemorrhagic infarction (HI) was made in 41 of 2726 cases with cerebrovascular lesions (1.9%). The clinical records of the cases and those of 82 age‐ and gender‐matched subjects with ischemic infarction were examined, and notes of the principal risk factors of cerebrovascular disorders, the clinico‐radiologic features and the outcome of the disease were taken for comparison. Cardiac sources of emboli (atrial fibrillation, native or prosthetic valve disorders, recent myocardial infarction) were present in 44% of cases and in 24% of controls. Diabetes mellitus was recorded in 31% and 18% respectively. Thirteen percent of cases and 35% of controls gave a history of transient ischemic attacks. Stupor or coma during the acute phase and a more severe course were more common among cases. In general, HIs were significantly larger than ischemic infarcts, with mass‐effect, although the size of the lesion did not seem to be related to the presence of cardiogenic embolism.