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A review of Barsine (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) from the East Nusa Tenggara Islands, Indonesia, with description of a new genus

The Lepidoptera fauna of the East Nusa Tenggara Islands in Indonesia was thought to comprise two species in the genus Barsine Walker, 1854, i.e. B. dohertyi (Rothschild, 1913) and B. podbolotskayae Spitsyn & Bolotov, 2018. However, we found that B. podbolotskayae is a member of its own monotypic genus, Albarrania Bolotov, Spitsyn & Kondakov gen. nov. The new combination is proposed as follows: Albarrania podbolotskayae (Spitsyn & Bolotov, 2018) gen. & comb. nov.


Introduction
Barsine Walker, 1854 is an exceptionally species-rich lichen moth genus, which mainly occurs in the Old World tropics, with the maximum level of species diversity in the Oriental Region, i.e. Malaysia and Greater Sunda Islands (Holloway 2001;Černý and Pinratana 2009;Bucsek 2012;Volynkin and Černý 2017aVolynkin and Černý , 2017bVolynkin 2018;Bayarsaikhan et al. 2018;Spitsyn et al. 2018a). However, this large genus in its current understanding seems to be a polyphyletic entity that contains representatives of several genus-level units. This assumption is supported by a description of a novel genus for Barsine nubifascia Walker, 1864 (Volynkin 2017;Volynkin et al. 2017).
The Barsine fauna on the East Nusa Tenggara Islands was almost unknown, with the only B. dohertyi (Rothschild, 1913) described from the Sumbawa Island (Rothschild 1913;Holloway 1982Holloway , 2001. However, Barsine podbolotskayae  has recently been discovered on the Flores Island . In general, the Erebidae fauna of the East Nusa Tenggara Islands has rather moderate levels of endemism, with a few remarkable endemic elements (Spitsyn et al. 2016;Bolotov et al. 2017Bolotov et al. , 2018Spitsyn and Bolotov, 2018) and numerous widespread species Spitsyn et al. 2018b).
In this correspondence, we present an overview of Barsine species from the East Nusa Tenggara Islands within a broad taxonomic context. We discuss the taxonomic status of two Barsine species inhabiting the East Nusa Tenggara, and introduce a new genus for B. podbolotskayae.

Materials and methods
The study is based on the material from the collection of the Russian Museum of Biodiversity Hotspots (RMBH thereafter), Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia. The genitalia were dissected, mounted on temporary glass slides with 70% ethanol and photographed using a research stereomicroscope (AXIO Zoom.V16, Carl Zeiss, Germany). The genitalia are kept in micro-tubes with glycerin pinned to each specimen. The images of the specimens were taken with a Canon EOS 80D camera (Canon, Tokyo, Japan).

Results
Based on the review of a body of available literature (Rothschild 1913;Holloway 1982Holloway , 2001Spitsyn and Bolotov, 2018) and original data, we found that the fauna of the East Nusa Tenggara Islands contains only two Barsine species: B. dohertyi from Sumbawa and Flores and B. podbolotskayae from Flores (Figs. 1-4). The male genitalia structure of Barsine podbolotskayae strongly differs from those of the other Barsine species by a dorsally directed, robust, spine-like central costal process of the valve and a bundle of dorsally directed, long setae proximal to it (vs lack of such features) (Fig. 4).

Discussion
A morphological re-analysis of the two members of the genus Barsine from the East Nusa Tenggara Islands reveals that B. podbolotskayae is distant from the other members of Barsine. An external similarity between Barsine podbolotskayae and B. exclusa pointed out in our original description  seems to be a result of convergence, because these taxa are distant from each other by the male genitalia structure. In the absence of an available generic name for this species, we placed Barsine podbolotskayae into its own monotypic genus, Albarrania gen. nov. While this genus is currently unknown beyond the West Flores, our knowledge of the Arctiinae fauna on the East Nusa Tenggara Islands is extremely poor (Černý 2016;Bolotov et al. 2018;Spitsyn and Bolotov 2018), and records of additional Albarrania taxa from other islands could not be excluded.
In summary, our novel data confirm the hypothesis of Bolotov et al. (2018) that the Arctiinae fauna of the East Nusa Tenggara Islands represents a mix of elements with different origin, i.e. relatively recent immigrants from Sundaland and putative ancient relict lineages. Both Barsine dohertyi and Albarrania podbolotskayae gen. & comb. nov. seem to be rather representatives of the latter group. Barsine dohertyi (Rothschild, 1913) Miltochrista dohertyi Rothschild, 1913: 215. -Hampson (1914Holloway (1982): 214. Barsine dohertyi (Rothschild, 1913). -Holloway (2001) (Rothschild 1913;Hampson 1914). The male specimen illustrated by Hampson (1914 Diagnosis. This species is externally similar to Barsine roseororatus and B. cuneonotatus but can be distinguished from these species by the vesica structure. Barsine dohertyi has a markedly scobinate vesica, with two adjacent central fields of small cornuti, while B. roseororatus does not have a clear scobination of vesica, with one field of cornuti, which are larger, less numerous and more densely packed than in B. dohertyi. Vesica of Barsine cuneonotatus has a patch of scobitation and two fields of cornuti: (1) with densely packed, moderately-sized cornuti, and (2) with one to four large triangular cornuti near a spot of very small cornuti. An external diagnostic feature of Barsine dohertyi is a yellow ground coloration of the female forewings (vs red or red-orange). Male morphology. Wingspan 28-32 mm, forewing length 13-15 mm (N = 4). Vertex, tegula, and patagium orange with solitary black points, eye gray with black spots. Labial palpus red-orange, short (equal to eye diameter), antenna red-orange, filiform, with two short setae on each segment. Abdomen reddish, legs redorange. Upperside of forewing red-orange, with black markings: three basal dots, concave antemedial and zigzag median wide black bands joined at middle in shape of broad 'X' figure with an orange spot in the middle, concave black postmedial band in shape of broad 'U' figure with wide streaks along veins to termen, narrow black line along outer margin. Underside of forewing red-orange, slightly lighter than upperside, with dark marks near the apex. Upperside and underside of hind wing yellowish-white, tinged with pale rose near the apex.
Comments. Our series from the West Flores fits well with the original description (Rothschild, 1913) and redescription of Hampson (1914). The morphology of aedeagus and vesica agrees with a brief description of Holloway (1982).

Diagnosis.
The primary autapomorphic features of this novel genus are in the male genitalia structure: a dorsally directed, robust, spine-like central costal process of the valve and a bundle of dorsally directed, long setae proximal to it (vs lack of such features in Barsine).
Albarrania podbolotskayae   Distribution. Known only from the type locality on the West Flores.
Comments. Spitsyn and Bolotov (2018) described and illustrated this species in detail.