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Demand side management by using electric vehicles as Distributed Energy Resources

This paper aims at demonstrating the potential benefits of using electrical vehicles (EVs) as Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in smart distribution system. It discusses the options of grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-building (V2B) operating modes that might be used to support the power grid through demand side management (DSM) program. The V2B mode is particularly promising since it provides an option to use the energy stored in a battery in Electric Vehicles (EVs) to support the local load in the power grid during severe system loading and outages, hence alleviating the demand on the grid and its reliability requirements. The implementation and benefits of using EVs as DERs for demand-side management are discussed and demonstrated with test cases and numerical results.