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Effect of dilution on the precipitation reaction for syphilis proposed by author

One of the important differences between the precipitation reactions of Meinicke, Sachs and Georgi, Dryer and Ward and that proposed by the author 1 , 2 is that in the last reaction, the amount of normal salt solution is reduced to a minimum. It was early observed, when adding given amounts of serum and antigen to a series of tubes and subsequently adding increasing amounts of normal salt solution to that series, that the degree of precipitation following incubation is inversely proportional to the amount of salt solution added. The tube, for example, which contains serum and antigen without salt solution may show marked precipitation after 1 hour incubation; the one which contains 0.2 c.c. may show moderate precipitation while the one which contains 0.4 c.c. of salt solution may show no precipitation after the same period of incubation. The above table illustrates this point. The question presented itself whether the delay in precipitation in those tubes which received salt solution as indicated in the table was due to sodium chloride or the element of dilution. A series of experiments was thereupon carried out employing distilled water, 0.425 per cent. and 2 per cent. sodium chloride solutions and the regular antigen mixture employed in the tests. The results in each case were similar to that obtained with normal salt solution, indicating that the delaying effect is produced by the dilution element and not by the sodium chloride. Of particular interest is the finding that the addition of increasing amounts of antigen exerts the same retarding effect on precipitation as, for example, distilled water or normal salt solution.