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Chrematonyms in the Professional Discourse of the Nuclear and Space Industry

The article focuses on studying chrematonyms in nuclear and space industry professional discourse. The analysis of 734 Russian, English, Italian, French, German, Polish and Japanese lexemes nominating spacecraft, spaceships, nuclear reactors and nuclear research facilities resulted in discovering three common ways in the process of generating and functioning of chrematonyms in the professional discourse, including a lexico-semantic nomination (formed by means of onimization of appellatives, transonymization of personal and precedent names, toponyms, chrematonyms and cosmonims, deonimization); the word-formation considers the sound, syllabic and mixed abbreviation, as well as the formation of compound words; the syntactic method involves the formation of simple and complex substantive combinations of words. The authors conclude that chrematonyms as a class of onims have a specific linguistic meaning, affecting the semantic generation of the proper name in an inanimate object of material culture and emphasizing the unique and differential feature of the object and point to their specifically professional linguistic feature: motivation, derivative character, terminological unity, and frequency of usage. The research demonstrates the following special aspects of functioning of chrematonyms in the professional discourse: play on words, allusions and metaphors, ameliorative and deteriorative connotative meanings, which reflect non-typical processes for professional lexis and perform a peace-maintaining function of the language.