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Attention to Indexical Information Improves Voice Recall

In an exposure phase, two groups of listeners were exposed to a set of 10 voices. These groups differed in terms of the task assigned during exposure: one group was asked to make a decision about the regional affiliation of the voices (Indexical Condition), while the other group orthographically transcribed the words presented (Lexical Condition). Both groups were given an identical test phase where they were presented with 20 voices (10 old, 10 new) and asked to make old/new decisions on the voices. While both groups of listeners performed at above chance accuracy levels in recognizing voices at test as old/new, listeners in the Indexical Condition performed more accurately. These results suggest that the nature of attention during exposure has consequences for subsequent performance, suggesting encoding differences as a result of task demands.