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Fundamental concepts and limitations in precision pointing and tracking problems

In this paper, we first describe the generic pointing and tracking problems in a general dynamical system/state-space context. Then, we analyze the information-theoretical aspects of the various uncertain signals in those problems, and establish some fundamental performance limitations those uncertainties induce, using various results and principles of modern control theory. It is shown that the introduction of 'waveform models' for uncertain signals, leading to an extended-state formulation of pointing and tracking problems, is the most effective rational means of coping with those fundamental limitations.