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Enhancing lithium—sulphur battery performance by copper oxide@graphene oxide nanocomposite-modified cathode

Nanosheet structures of copper oxide@graphene oxide (CuO@GO) composite were developed as a host material to embed sulphur nanoparticles for use as cathodes in lithium–sulphur (Li–S) batteries. The homogeneous immobilisation of sulphur in the conductive matrix of CuO@GO within a strong chemical bond between carbon and polysulphide intermediates through the Lewis acid function of CuO provides a high specific discharge capacity of the CuO@GO/S electrode in comparison with the GO/S nanocomposite. The CuO@GO/S cathode delivers a discharge capacity of 1048.95 mA h g-1, 841.74 mA h g-1, 736.49 mA h g-1, 695.17 mA h g-1, 643.86 mA h g-1, and 457.08 mA h g-1 at different current rates of 0.1 C, 0.4 C, 0.7 C, 0.8 C, 1 C, and 2 C, respectively. The application of CuO@GO/S maintains the average coulombic efficiency of 96 % after 300 cycles at 1 C rate with a capacity retention of approximately 55.8 %. The rapid ion transportation within the efficient physicochemical confinement of polysulphides confirmed the role of the CuO@GO/S nanocomposite as a promising cathode material for the next generation of high-energy density Li–S batteries.