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Transformation function of the external ear in response to impulsive stimulation.

Impulse noise presents great difficulties in the estimation of auditory hazard. As a first step in determining the energy that actually reaches the cochlea during impulsive stimulation, the transformation function of the external ear was measured in response to impulsive stimulation. A model of the human external ear and live cat ears instrumented with condenser microphones were exposed to gunfire and narrow‐band acoustic clicks. In all cases the transformation function arrived at by Fourier transformations of the impulses matched reasonably well the transformations determined by pure‐tone or 1/3‐octave‐band random‐noise measurements. The rise time of the gunfire impulses had increased markedly at the eardrum position as compared with the open field. However, a damage risk criterion for impulse noise should probably account not only for the transformation function of the external ear, but for that of the middle ear as well.