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Reversible Glucan Phosphorylation Requires Unique Carbohydrate Binding Platforms

Research into starch metabolism and the fatal neurodegenerative epilepsy called Lafora disease are surprisingly linked by a family of enzymes that we recently discovered called glucan phosphatases. Plants release the energy in transitory starch via a recently identified three‐step process: starch phosphorylation, degradation, and dephosphorylation. Dikinases phosphorylate the outer starch glucose units to make them water‐soluble and enzyme accessible so that amylases can release maltose and glucose. Following amylase activity, the phosphate must be removed by glucan phosphatases. In the absence of glucan phosphates, plants cannot access the energy stored in starch and the starch granules grow in size while plant growth is stunted.