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Prostate specific antigen: Enhancing the anti‐microbial response of the prostate during urinary tract infection

The inability to successfully clear an initial episode of mild cystitis may result in a greater susceptibility to recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI). A chart review carried out at our institution showed a significantly increased risk of recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) in men whose prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels during an initial UTI episode were low (<4ng/ml). PSA is known to function as a serine protease and several proteins belonging to the WFDC (WAP Four Disulphide Core) family and present in semen are known to contain antimicrobial domains released by serine protease cleavage. We suggest that PSA may function to digest these proteins during UTI and therefore enhance the prostates antimicrobial response.