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Coupling between Particle Shape and Long-Range Interaction in the High-Density Regime

We experimentally probe the coupling between particle shape and long-range interaction, using long-range interacting polygons. For two typical space-filling polygons, square and triangle, we find two types of coupling modes that predominantly control the structure formation. Specifically, the rotational ordering of squares brings a lattice deformation that produces a hexagonal-to-rhombic transition in the high density regime, whereas the alignment of triangles introduces a large geometric frustration that causes an order-to-disorder transition. Moreover, the two coupling modes lead to small and large “internal roughness” of the two systems, and thus predominantly control their structure relaxations. Our study thus provides a physical picture to the coupling between long-range interaction effect and short-range shape effect in the high-density regime unexplored before.