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The hypothalmaus and reproduction in the female.

Abstract The hypothalamus controls reproduction by regulating the secretory activities of the pituitary gland. In response to stimuli received from the internal and external environments, it produces several peptide neurohormones that regulate anterior pituitary function. These neurohormones are released from the median eminence into the capillaries of the hypophyseal portal veins where they are carried to the adenohypophyseal cells to stimulate or inhibit release of particular trophic hormones. In female birds, growth of the ovarian follicles, synthesis of sex steroids, and ovulation are effected, at least in part, by neurohormonally mediated changes in rates of release of pituitary gonadotrophins. Also in response to environmental stimuli, the hypothalamus forms the neurohypophyseal hormones, which are transported down the long axons of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract for storage in the neural lobe of the pituitary and subsequent release into the systemic circulation. Although an obligatory role for neurohypophyseal hormones in avian reproduction is not clearly . . .