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Sentinel-1 Sensitivity to Soil Moisture at High Incidence Angle and its Impact on Retrieval

This paper presents an experimental sensitivity analysis of Sentinel-1 (S-1) backscatter to soil moisture (SM) content observed at low (i.e., ~33°) and high (i.e., ~45°) incidence angles over five agricultural fields of an experimental farm located in the Puglia region (Italy). The analysis focuses on the period from March to June 2017 during which 38 S-1 images along ascending orbits were acquired over the site. Results indicate a slight decrease in the radar sensitivity to SM going from low to high incidence with an impact on SM retrieval error that increases from ~5.65 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>% to ~7.63 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>%.