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Testing the effectiveness of the Men as Partners Program (MAP) in Soweto, South Africa

This project was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Men as Partners (MAP) program in South Africa in terms of: changing men's gender attitudes, norms and behaviors; changing aspects of gender dynamics in relationships; reducing the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy risk behaviors at individual and community levels; and increasing male involvement in GBV and HIV prevention and in HIV care and support activities. The study was conducted in collaboration with EngenderHealth and Hope Worldwide. This study was implemented in several phases. Prior to introducing the intervention and undertaking the evaluation, a qualitative and quantitative diagnostic study was conducted. The main purpose of this formative research was to explore the socio-cultural context of and factors influencing the various forms of gender-based violence, sexual abuse of children, definition of masculinity and femininity, and risky sexual and reproductive health behavior. As part of the qualitative component, 14 focus group discussions were conducted with men and women across three main age groups (15–24, 25–34 and 35–54) and the interviews were split equally by sex. The quantitative component included a household probability survey in project areas with 2578 respondents (920 men and 1589 women). The results of the quantitative community baseline survey confirmed the persistence of stereotyped perceptions of gender roles. For example, most of the respondents believed women should take care of the home and cook for the family and that men need sex more than women. Over half (55%) of the respondents had been sexually active in the last 12 months, and more than one-half of these have had more than one sexual partner (although less than half as many admitted having had sex with a non-regular partner during the period; partnership dissolution and multiple " stable " partnerships were high). A minority of respondents used condoms, and of those who did, even fewer used them consistently. However, over one-half of the respondents reported partner support for behaviors such as attending antenatal care and HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). Moreover, a high proportion of respondents said they had discussed with their partners issues such as sex, contraception, HIV testing and child rearing. A lower proportion of female respondents than would have been expected reported having experienced slapping (18%), being hit with a fist or another object (10%) or being kicked or beaten up (9%). The intervention activities that were implemented were MAP workshops, public demonstrations and participation in community action teams. …