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A review of the immune response to bluetongue virus.

Summary: This review presents a series of conclusions based on immunologi­ cal studies carried out on bluetongue (BT) infections in mice, sheep and cattle over the last five years at the Animal Virus Research Institute (A VRI). These studies highlight the role of both the humoral and cellular components of the immune response and conclude that current vaccination protocols could be improved by the use of serial inoculations of monovalent bluetongue virus (BTV) vaccine preparations. In identifying areas for further research, this review pinpoints the need to investigate the possibility of immunotoleran ce in cattle following a BTV infec­ tion in utero and the importance of this in terms of import/export regulations.