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A Readiness to Accept Immigrants in Europe? Individual and Country-Level Characteristics

This paper focuses on one aspect of spatial reflexivity—individual readiness to accept immigrants. The singularity of the article is an attempt to include in the analysis both micro- and macro-level characteristics of migration attitudes. European Social Survey data from 23 countries are analysed with a multilevel modelling method. In the theoretical part, Giddens’ structuration approach is used. The results of the analysis show that, although the interests of ethnic groups are important at the micro level, civil commitment to the country is dominant in encouraging individual readiness to accept immigrants. An integrated approach to the ethnic question is required at the macro level; a country's investments in innovation and human resources, in addition to multicultural politics, are essential. A combined analysis of micro- and macro-level variables reveals that individual characteristics tend to equalise different migration policies. Analysis also shows the universality of the structures of agencies and the heterogeneity of the structures of a system when comparing attitudes to migration. I suggest that, in countries where ethnic minorities are perceived as culturally more different, there is a greater need for ‘skills to translate multiculturalism’, mostly in the form of language and media education.