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Seasonal acquisition of mineral nutrients by a chalcid gall on lowbush blueberry

Seasonal accumulation of various mineral nutrients by galls of the chalcid Hemadas nubilipennis on lowbush blueberry were examined in various phases of gall development. Levels of copper, nickel, iron, and zinc were higher in tissues of galls in initiation phase compared to tips of ungalled shoots and in general were higher than galls in growth and maturation phases. Levels of manganese and magnesium in gall tissues decrease throughout the season compared to ungalled shoots. Levels of calcium are less in gall tissues in initiation phase compared to ungalled shoots, and elevated in maturation phase. Patterns of mineral concentration within galls at various phases of development are related to known physiological roles of minerals in plant nutrition; however, we conclude that patterns are variable and their significance in gall physiology requires further study.