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Ecophysiological differentiation led distribution of Pyropia species inferred through environmental stress.

Recently eighteen Bangiales seaweed species were reported for the Chilean coast, including Pyropia orbicularis, and Pyropia variabilis (large [LM] and green [GM] morphotypes). Porphyra/Pyropia spp. occur mainly in the upper intertidal where desiccation stress is triggered by tidal fluctuations. However, the influence of environmental and ecophysiological variables and seasonal differences on Porphyra/Pyropia (microhabitats) intertidal distributions is unknown. Accordingly, we determine i) the effect of environmental variables (temperature [T], relative humidity [RH], and photosynthetically active radiation [PAR]) and season on distribution, and ii) physiological (cellular activity and lipid peroxidation [LPX]) and molecular responses (antioxidant enzymes expression at biochemical and transcript level) to desiccation stress in both Pyropia species and morphotypes (common garden experiment, in rocky platform). Multivariate analyses of coverage and abundance in relation to environmental variables revealed a significant effect of temperature on P. variabilis GM distribution, GM dominating almost exclusively in rocky walls (where lowest PAR and T values but maximum RH were registered). Conversely, Pyropia orbicularis and Pyropia variabilis LM were found in high abundance in rocky platforms in summer, LM and GM also dominating rocky platforms in winter and spring. LPX and catalase activity didn't differed among species in summer, while in winter activity and transcription of catalase were higher in P. orbicularis than P. variabilis. Results suggest that tolerance to environmental stresses (other than desiccation) could regulate the occurrence of P. variabilis GM in rocky walls; conversely, abundances of P. variabilis and P. orbicularis in rocky platforms would be regulated by other abiotic and/or biotic factors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.