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“Why aren’t you talking?” Pilot strategies for helping a wingman recover from a physiological event

This paper describes a cognitive task analysis of the strategies single-seat fighter jet pilots use to support wingmen and other flight mates in recovering from disorienting physiological events (PE). Pilots are extensively trained to “aviate, navigate, and communicate” to maintain situation awareness (SA). However, pilot SA can be unexpectedly impaired by PE, such as gravity-induced loss of consciousness (GLOC), spatial disorientation, and hypoxia, that can dim the pilot’s “mental screen” or completely “pull the plug” on the pilot’s consciousness. In the case of GLOC, pilots may be mentally absent and unresponsive for 1-2 minutes (e.g., Tripp et al., 2009); hypoxia’s cognitive effects have been shown to persist for up to 2 hours (Philips, Horning, & Funke, 2015). These PE events require a pilot to recognize and address the PE, maintain their aircraft, and rebuild SA within a dynamic team environment. Recovery from a PE is likely to require adaptive replanning and coordination with air battle managers and other pilots, indicating that identification and recovery from a PE event should be conceived of as an individual task embedded within a complex team response. However, both PE recovery actions and teammate support for PE have received limited coverage in the scientific literature. Therefore, a primary goal for this project was to identify strategies that pilots use to recognize and render aid to another pilot who has experienced a PE.