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2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone Induces Metabolic Shifts in Penicillium Digitatum Revealed by High Dimensional Biological Data.

Penicillium digitatum is the primary pathogen causing the green mold of citrus. The development of higher effective and lower toxic natural anti-fungal agents is urgent, owing to the lack of anti-fungal agents that can successfully combat P. digitatum. Herein, the effects and mechanisms of 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) were performed as a potential inhibitor of P. digitatum. Firstly, MNQ showed a significant anti-P. digitatum effect with a MIC value of 5.0 µg/mL. Then, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome profiling were performed on the MNQ-treated P. digitatum. A total of 910 genes, 297 proteins, and 174 metabolites changed significantly. The omics analysis indicated that it could be seen that MNQ mainly inhibits the growth of P. digitatum by affecting the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids and cell walls. These findings will give a great contribution to further understanding of the possible molecular action of MNQ.