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Electro-optic measurements using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with domain reversals

The number of photonic devices based on integrated-optic waveguides with domain-inverted regions are currently experiencing rapid expansion. Implementation of domain reversals in guided-wave structures brings about an opportunity to significantly increase device efficiency as well as to simplify the structure. Domain inversion has proven beneficial both for nonlinear devices and electro- optic modulators. It should be noted in this regard that while the use of domain reversals for nonlinear interactions has been studied extensively, little information on the characteristics of electro-optic devices with such domain- inverted regions is available in the literature. This paper addresses the latter issue by studying the performance of an integrated-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulator with electric-field poled domain-inverted sections. With this device, both the realization of waveguide sections with opposing values of the electro-optic coefficient (r33), and the measurement of the value of r33 have been demonstrated experimentally.