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Indole compounds inhibits migration of breast cancer cell by suppressing MMPs via reduction of FAK expression

Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) and indole[3,2‐b] carazole (ICZ) are major bioactive food components in cruciferous vegetables. Although previous studies have shown anticancer activity of I3C and ICZ in various cancer cells, it has not been determined how indole compounds regulates migration and related signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the effects of I3C and ICZ on migration using breast cancer cells (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB231). The growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by I3C and ICZ was measured by MTT assay, and 10 ¥ìM was chosen as maximum dose for migration assay because at this concentration, no significant interference in the cell growth or morphology was observed. Our results showed that I3C and ICZ were dramatically inhibited migration of breast cancer cells in a dose‐dependent manner, as observed in monolayer scratch assay. The MMP‐2 and ‐9 activity were also reduced by I3C. In addition, pretreatment of I3C was decreased FAK mRNA expression. Taken together, indole compounds inhibits migration of breast cancer cells by reduction of MMPs activity and FAK expression.