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Phenylalanine near inorganic surfaces: conformational statistics vs specific chemistry.

We present a first principle density functional study of phenylalanine interacting with three different classes of surfaces, namely a purely repulsive hard wall, mildly interacting close packed surfaces of group 11 metals (Cu(111), Ag(111), and Au(111)), and strongly interacting close packed surfaces of group 10 metals (Ni(111), Pd(111), and Pt(111)). In particular, we characterize, by changing the substrate, the passage from the statistical behavior of a flexible molecule in the presence of the topological confinement of a hard wall to a purely chemical behavior where the molecule, highly deformed compared to the free state, strongly binds to the surface and statistical conformations play no longer a role. Such a comparative study allows for characterization of some of the key aspects of the adsorption process for a prototype of flexible amino acids on experimentally and technologically relevant metal surfaces.