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Difficult airways in ENT surgery

Theoretical basis: Airway management for laryngeal surgery require the anesthesiologist to be adept with various methods of managing the difficult airway and performing airway exchange, to competently execute intraoperative ventilation strategies, to be proficient with inhalational and total intravenous anesthesia, and to quickly tailor anesthetic techniques to the various durations of the surgical cases.Results: When the surgical site is within or near the airway, coordination between the anesthesia and surgical teams is essential to consider the need for an ETT, which tube type to use, the oxygen enrichment plan, and mode of ventilation. The presence of laryngeal carcinoma requires precise assessment of the feasibility of endotracheal intubation. Tracheostomy can be safely performed under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask ventilation. The essential requirements for precision microlaryngeal surgery and optimal preservation of function include a clear and still surgical field, absence of patient movement, and allocation of sufficient time to carefully complete the procedure in an unhurried manner. Postoperative hemorrhage is the most serious complication of tonsillectomy. Aspiration of foreign bodies by children is a common problem around the world. Conclusion: General anesthesia in ENT surgery represents a unique example of close cooperation between the surgeon and the anesthesiologist.