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The Patchwork Mouse: Politics and Intrigue in the Campaign to Conquer Cancer by Joseph Hixson. (review)

Since the earliest time the theory and the practice of medicine have been the subjects of deceits, hoaxes, impositions, and outright charlatanism. The greatest of the charlatans loomed large in the history of medicine. Books, pamphlets, and thousands of articles in periodicals and newspapers have been written about them. From a composite view of many whom I studied and knew personally I once created a portrait in writing of the typical imposter. William Summerlin was different; no one could resemble that portrait less. Summerlin did not have to sell himself to a large public. He did have to convince Robert Good, a distinguished scientist of high repute, winner of great numbers of awards and citations and "no man's patsy." An investigator is subject almost automatically to a number of checks and controls. He works in a laboratory, seldom alone, and constantly meets other workers in similar areas. He prepares manuscripts about his work which after passing several local controls, such as the head of his division or of the whole laboratory, are submitted to scientific periodicals and are there subject to reviews. If he reads his paper before a medical or scientific society, those present may express their convictions or their doubts as to what he has done. This path was followed by Dr. William Summerlin, but the various screens did little to restrain him. His earlier advances in medical research had brought him to the attention of Dr. Robert Good, who had created a small research empire at the University of Minnesota. The time was ripe for interest in the type of research that had been the major focus of Summerlin's studies. The transplant of a heart by Christiaan Barnard and the rejection of foreign tissue by the tissues of the recipient had centered attention throughout the world on such immunologic problems as the matching of tissues, the prevention of rejection, the selection of donors, and many other problems as yet unsolved. Summerlin had developed a technique which he thought would assure assimilation of a transplant from a donor to a recipient of different tissue types. The process involved a sort of specific conditioning. In the construction of his great department in the University of Minnesota, which attracted world attention, Good was like the general manager and chief coach of a team in any sport—constantly on the lookout for brilliant players to achieve stardom. He brought Summerlin to Minnesota. When SloanKettering and Memorial Hospitals in New York, spending the greatest sums on cancer study yet available and observing the trend toward immunologic studies as the prime interest, requested Good to come to New York to succeed Dr. Frank