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Stearidonic acid‐enriched soybean oil: A source of cardioprotective omega‐3 fatty acids

Stearidonic acid (SDA) is the product of the rate‐limiting enzyme (delta‐6 desaturase) in the conversion of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Through biotechnology, SDA has been produced at levels of 20%–30% of total fatty acids in soybean oil (SDA SBO). The objective was to assess the effects of SDA SBO compared to EPA or commodity SBO on red blood cell (RBC) EPA+DHA levels (the omega‐3 index) and other markers. Volunteers were randomized to SDA SBO (15 g/day providing 4.1 g SDA) plus 1 g/day SBO oil in gelcaps (SDA group) or to 15 g/day commodity SBO with either EPA ethyl esters (1 g/d; EPA group) or 1 g/day SBO oil in gelcaps (control group) for 12 weeks (N=157 completed). The overall mean (±SD) omega‐3 index at baseline was 4.3±1.1% and was unchanged at 12 weeks in the control group but increased by 17.7% and 19.7% in the SDA and EPA groups, respectively (ANCOVA, both p<0.001). Older subjects and those with higher baseline %EPA had greater absolute %EPA in their RBCs after treatment (P=0.037 and P=0.005, respectively). Fasting triglycerides (TG) were reduced 26–30% by SDA or EPA treatment vs. control (p=0.029) for a subset population with baseline TG levels >150 mg/dL, when assessed by a post hoc repeated measures analysis. In conclusion, SDA SBO significantly raised the omega‐3 index to an extent associated with a reduced risk for cardiac events based on epidemiologic and published clinical studies.