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Drought Susceptibility Index as an Indicator of Genotypic Drought Tolerance in Upland Cotton

The drought susceptibility index developed by Fisher and Maurer was used to calculate the drought tolerance of 25 upland cotton genotypes and one interspecific hybrid (G. hirsutum x G. barbadense) in three field experiments under dryland conditions. One was conducted in 1995 on a sandy loam soil and the other two in 1996 on a clay soil with two dates of sowing. Potential yield was evaluated under irrigation in 1996. The statistical model was a randomized complete block design with four replications. An analysis of variance indicated a significant genotypic susceptibility index and a significant interaction with location. This interaction revealed the stability of some genotypes but differential performance of other genotypes across locations. In general, there was a noticeable trend with the earliest genotypes performing better when the growing season was shorter. The biplot of the susceptibility and maximum yield (seed cotton) under irrigation showed a differential performance of the genotypes. Some genotypes have a low susceptibility index (possessing actual drought resistance) but different yield potential. The drought susceptibility index was linearly related (positive correlation) to yield potential. This relation supports the method of selecting "in situ" in a breeding program for drought resistance in cotton. Exceptions to this trend were the Spanish cultivars Victoria and Maria del Mar and the Australian cultivar Sicala 33.