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Burn injury induces a biphasic immunoglobulin M response to bacterial antigen.

We studied 75 BALB/c mice to examine the role of impaired immunoglobulin M (IgM) synthesis in the increased risk of bacterial infection after burn injury by investigating the kinetics of IgM synthesis to peptidoglycan polysaccharide (PGPS), a ubiquitous bacterial antigen. Splenocytes were isolated 1, 5, and 8 days postburn (PBD) and cultured with lipopolysaccharide for 5 days. Culture supernatant was collected and anti-PGPS IgM and total IgM levels were measured by ELISA. Total IgM-secreting cells were measured by ELISPOT assay. Total IgM and anti-PGPS IgM per IgM-secreting cell were calculated. On PBD 1, anti-PGPS IgM synthesis but not total IgM synthesis is increased in burned animals. By PBD 5, total IgM and anti-PGPS IgM synthesis in the burn group start to fall and by PBD 8, both are significantly decreased. The early increase in anti-PGPS IgM synthesis represents a positive response to bacterial challenge. However, the late nonspecific decrease in total IgM and anti-PGPS IgM synthesis suggests a potential mechanism for increased susceptibility to bacterial infection 5 to 10 days after burn injury.