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Core-Shell Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Repair of Meniscus Tears.

Electrospinning is an attractive method of fabricating nanofibers that replicate the ultrastructure of the human meniscus. However, it is challenging to approximate the mechanical properties of meniscal tissue while maintaining the biocompatibility of collagen fibers. Our objective was to determine if functionalizing polylactic acid nanofibers with collagen would enhance their biocompatibility. We therefore used co-axial electrospinning to generate core-shell nanofibers with a core of polylactic acid for mechanical strength and a shell of collagen to enhance cell attachment and matrix synthesis. We characterized the nanostructure of the engineered scaffolds and measured the hydrophilic and mechanical properties. We assessed the performance of human meniscal cells seeded on co-axial electrospun scaffolds to produce meniscal tissue by gene expression and histology. Finally, we investigated whether these cell-seeded scaffolds could repair surgical tears created ex vivo in avascular meniscal explants. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing of ex vivo repair provided evidence of neotissue that was significantly better integrated with the native tissue than with the acellular co-axial electrospun scaffolds. Human meniscal cell-seeded co-axial electrospun scaffolds may have potential in enhancing repair of avascular meniscus tears.