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Food insecurity and nutritional status among older adults: a systematic review.

CONTEXT
Food insecurity (FI), characterized by difficulty or inability to access adequate food, has become a public health problem.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze studies relating FI with nutritional status (NS) among older adults and the associated factors.


DATA SEARCH
Articles published up to June 2020 were investigated in 5 databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, and Web of Science. The search, selection, extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out by 2 reviewers.


DATA EXTRACTION
The authors identified characteristics of the studies and the main data regarding the relationship of interest.


RESULTS
Twenty-two studies were included in the review and their characteristics are summarized and presented using narrative synthesis. In 10 studies (45.4%), a relationship was observed between FI and malnutrition; in another 6 (27.3%), a relationship was observed between FI and being overweight.


CONCLUSION
A relationship was identified between FI, especially severe forms, and malnutrition, as well as between FI, especially mild forms, and people being overweight. Thus, FI among older adults relates to a 2-fold burden of nutritional outcomes, depending on the level.


SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020185086.