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The Living Standards Capabilities for Elders scale (LSCAPE): adaptation and validation in a sample of Spanish seniors

Abstract Living standards capabilities are an important determinant of healthy ageing. The Living Standards Capabilities for Elders scale (LSCAPE) is the main instrument available to assess living standards capabilities among older adults based on Sen's Capability Approach. The objectives of this study were: (a) to adapt and validate LSCAPE for use in the Spanish population; (b) to examine the dimensionality, validity and reliability; and (c) to establish the convergent validity of LSCAPE using self-reported measures of quality of life and income. The LSCAPE was administered to 441 Spanish seniors aged 65 and over. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to analyse the dimensionality, validity and reliability. Discriminant and convergent validity of the model were assessed using Average Variance Extracted (AVE). Reliability was shown by Composite Reliability (CR) and Cronbach's alpha. Convergent validity was tested by correlating the LSCAPE scales and sub-scales with the Short-form Health Survey (SF-12) sub-scales. CFA showed that the LSCAPE Six-factor Model fits well to the data, showing Standardised Root Mean Square Residual < 0.09 (0.084), Comparative Fit Index and Tucker–Lewis Index > 0.9 (0.925 and 0.917, respectively). LSCAPE showed also good reliability (CR indices > 0.7) and validity (AVE > 0.5) measures. Finally, LSCAPE had moderate to strong associations with SF-12 sub-scales (>0.6) and a moderate relationship with income (>0.3). Thus, LSCAPE has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid instrument in measuring living standards capabilities among the Spanish older population.