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Properties of the Contour Path of Discrete Sets

We consider paths in the square lattice and use a valuation called the winding number in order to exhibit some combinatorial properties on these paths. As a corollary, we obtain a characteristic property of non-crossing closed paths, generalizing in this way a result of Daurat and Nivat (2003) on the boundary properties of polyominoes concerning salient and reentrant points. Moreover we obtain a similar result for hexagonal lattices and show that there is no other regular lattice having that property.