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Retinal Venous Occlusive Diseases and Study of their Risk Factors

Introduction: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major cause of vision loss. Of the two main types of RVO, Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) is 4 to 6 times more prevalent than Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO), and is the most common type of RVO. Risk factors evaluated in this study include Age, Sex, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), Tobacco consumption in any form, Dyslipidemia, Hyperhomocysteinemia and Iron deficiency Anaemia (IDA). Current research aimed to study the risk factors associated with Retinal Venous Occlusive diseases and to study correlation of occurrence of lesions with these risk factors. Material and methods: This was a hospital based crosssectional study involving 60 cases diagnosed with Retinal Venous Occlusions who were further evaluated for the above mentioned risk factors. Results were evaluated by Unpaired t test, Fisher test, student ‘t’ test and Chi-Square test. ‘p’ value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: BRVO (n=49), CRVO (n=11). Most common comorbidity was hypertension, which was found to be significant (p<0.05). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, tobacco in any form, iron deficiency anaemia were not found to be significant. Hyperhomocystemia was found to be significant (p<0.05) under 40 years of age and insignificant risk factor above 40 years. Presence of POAG with a duration of more than 5years was significant factor in CRVO but not in BRVO. Conclusion: Age and hypertension are significant risk factors for RVO. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a significant risk factor for RVO in patients below 40 years on age. POAG is a risk factor for development of CRVO. Presence of multiple risk factors increases the chances of development of RVO.