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East Asia review 1978-79. Republic of Korea.


 Korea's long term population goal is to achieve replacement fertility by 1991. To do this, Korea seeks to maintain the present rate of natural increase of 1.6 through 1981 at which time 1.3 will be optimal. The government has sought to improve operations of the national family planning program, broadening overall efforts by adding other population measures, such as education. Population education is now taught throughout the country to school children of all ages. In 1977 various women's groups were organized into a single group -- the Saemaul Women's Organization. This group was created by the government to provide leadership and to avoid duplication of services. Similarly, services of the Korean Institute for Family Planning and the Planned Parenthood Federation of Korea have been incorporated into the Korean Association for Voluntary Sterilization. Expenditures on family planning have increased directly in proportion to the expanding of the national program. Tables show high spending increases since 1976 and in 1979 private physicians were reimbursed for providing birth control services. Vital rates show a 40 - 49% decline in fertility among women aged 20 - 24. This is due to delayed marriage trends which occurred with the onset of modernization. Until 1976 the IUD was the principal method of birth control provided. Now female sterilization is gaining widespread popularity. Incidence of induced abortion is high and is increasing. As government continues to expand national efforts to incorporate more and more programs fertility should continue to decline.
