{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03088803088803089, 'fraction_numerical': 0.01833976833976834, 'mean_word_length': 5.064327485380117, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Low temperature hydrothermal synthesis of lead titanate crystallites

A study was conducted to compare the minimum reaction temperatures for the hydrothermal synthesis of pure lead titanate crystallites with precursors I and II. The synthesis conditions (i.e., temperature, pH, and input reagent concentrations) were calculated using a thermodynamic model. A comparison between the theoretically modeled and experimental conditions was made. Although the models predicted reactions as low as 25/spl deg/C, the minimum temperatures for a 72 h reaction time with precursors I and II were 120 and 140/spl deg/C, respectively. Furthermore, by increasing the Pb/Ti molar stoichiometric ratio from 1.0 to 2.0 (with precursor LT) the reaction temperature for phase-pure lead titanate could further be reduced below 90/spl deg/C; while with precursor I phase-pure lead titanate was difficult to obtain and was not obtained below 140/spl deg/C. It can be concluded that precursor composition and stoichiometry influence the reaction temperature.