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Low-Temperature Fabrication of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Pre-Sintered TiO2 Aggregates

The low-temperature fabrication of photoelectrodes for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells was investigated using aggregates of TiO2 nanoparticles. These aggregates were prepared by grinding mesoporous TiO2 bulk ceramics, and the deposited films almost retained the mesoporous structures of the original ceramics. Photoelectrodes fabricated with the aggregates exhibited a short-circuit current density comparable to that for the high-temperature sintered films, when the film thickness was up to 4 µm. In thicker films, however, the current values did not increase with thickness. The electron diffusion length evaluated from steady-state measurements was much smaller than the value obtained for the high-temperature sintered films, implying the degradation of interparticle connection during the preparation of aggregates. It was also found that TiO2 submicron crystals incorporated into the photoelectrodes effectively improved the electron diffusion length as well as the light absorption coefficient.