{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0389908256880734, 'fraction_numerical': 0.018922018348623854, 'mean_word_length': 5.368613138686132, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Objective Voice Analysis in Dysphonic Patients: New Data Including Nonlinear Measurements

Objectives/Hypothesis: This report describes a comparative study of objective voice evaluation using a multiparametric protocol including aerodynamic parameters and linear and nonlinear acoustic parameters recorded on an EVA® workstation and perceptual voice analysis by a jury. Study Design: A total of 449 samples were retrospectively selected including 391 patients with pathological voices (308 women and 141 men) and 58 controls with normal voices (38 women and 20 men). A prospective complementary study concerning 43 female patients and 3 controls is presented. Methods: Objective measures included fundamental frequency (Fo), intensity, jitter, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Lyapunov coefficient (Lya), oral airflow (OAF), estimated subglottic pressure (ESGP), maximum phonatory time (MPT) and vocal range. A jury of 4 experienced listeners was instructed to classify voice samples (continuous speech) according to the G (overall dysphonia) component of the GRBAS score on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) secondarily transformed in a scale ranging from 0 for normal to 3 for severe dysphonia. Results: It was shown that a nonlinear combination of only 7 parameters in women (vocal range, Lya, ESGP, MPT, OAF, SNR, and Fo) and 6 parameters in men (vocal range, Lya, OAF, ESGP, Fo, SNR) allowed classification of 81% voice samples in the same grade as the jury in women and 84% in men. In the prospective study, 80.5% were correctly classified with the same set of objective measurements. Discussion: The relative importance of the different objective parameters in this type of discriminant analysis is dealt with. Special emphasis is placed on Lya.