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In vitro cytotoxicity testing on valued added hydroxyapatite as bone replacement material.

The present in vitro evaluation indicated that the value added hydroxyapatite (HA) was more toxic than pure HA but the toxicity of value added HA was slight compared to the positive control. In this testing, the conclusion can be made that value added HA is less biocompatible than commercialized pure HA. This toxicity may be caused by both the particle size and degradation (leaching). Further studies should be carried out to determine whether there is particle size effect or leaching effect when using powder as compared to the block materials. The in vivo evaluation should be done to assess the reaction to this value added HA as compared to the pure HA.