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Vasoconstrictor potency of corticoids: intradermal injection.

Studies of topical corticoid vasoconstriction involve both percutaneous penetration and inherent vasoconstrictor activity. In order to eliminate the penetration aspect, a study of steroid action intradermally was undertaken. Serial dilutions of hydrocortisone, prednisolone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone acetate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone acetonide were injected intradermally in the skin of the backs of 40 adult human volunteers, and the concentration showing vasoconstriction noted. The average end-point for hydrocortisone was 1: 350,000 and that for fluocinolone acetonide 1: 20,500,000, with the others between in the order stated above. A study comparing glucocorticoids and other compounds on the back and arm indicated an increase in vasoconstrictor activity on the arm, with readings less clear-cut than those on the back. 17-desoxycortisol, 21-desoxycortisol, and cortisone (with the exception of 21-desoxycortisol on the arm) produced vasoconstriction at a fraction of the activity of hydrocortisone (both on back and arm when tested), but with reactions frequently ill-defined and of a different nature than the potent glucocorticoids. It was concluded that these supposedly non-anti-inflammatory steroids did have some vasoconstrictor activity. It was also concluded that intradermal injection is a feasible and practical method for testing corticoid vasoconstrictor potency without the complication of penetration, the back being more suitable for this purpose than the more reactive forearm.