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An overview of hemostatically active components of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes venom

Abstract The venom of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes causes different clinical effects in man, the most pronounced being hemorrhage and local tissue damage. In a systematic exploration of the hemostatic part of the venom, we detected venom components that degrade components of basal lamina and extra cellular matrix, proteolyze plasma proteins involved in blood coagulation and regulation of blood pressure, inhibit collagen-, adenosine diphosphate- and von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet aggregation/agglutination, activate factor IX, factor X and prothrombin, and inhibit prothrombinase complex formation. So far, nine venom proteins that affect hemostasis have been characterized in detail. Four of these have potential for medical exploitation.