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The Irish Constitution—J. M. Kelly . 3rd edn. By Gerard Hogan and Gerry Whyte [Dublin: Butterworths. 1994. vii + 1222 pp. ISBN 1-85475-1506. No price given]

are set out. In the articles on Community law the rules relevant to privatisation, public enterprises and State aids are also set out The nature of the Europe Agreements concluded between the European Community and the four States is analysed; in particular it is pointed out that a common customs tariff is not established and the four countries retain their own trading arrangements with third countries. The essays on the measures taken to secure the transition from a commercial to a market economy in the four countries are rather dry and technical (and now somewhat out of date), but are illuminated by the occasional phrase, idea or pertinent question—to what extent can lack of local "know-how" be compensated by "foreign proved sophisticated patterns that do not work"? Reading these essays underlines the enormous progress accomplished, e.g. by the Czech economy which originally was one of complete nationalisation, even if the communist system there was more liberal than the Soviet system. The difficulties of trying to operate a market economy without an adequate supply of the services which we take for granted (corporate lawyers, auditors, accountants, etc.) are also stressed. There are interesting passages on privatisation and the alternative approaches, selling off firms commercially, giving them to their stakeholders (e.g. employees) on preferential conditions, voucher systems, transfer to local government, etc.