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A Clock in Court: East German Export of Cultural Property Considered by West German Courts

With the political change in the former German Democratic Republic in November 1989, a scandalous practice of the East German Government came to an end: the systematic export of huge quantities of cultural property in exchange for foreign currency which was needed to prevent the collapse of the economic system. The East German State took possession of the cultural property on its territory in a variety of ways. One way was to impose.heavy tax burdens on art dealings and the ownership of collections of art (e.g. by valuing collections for the purposes of wealth tax according to standards of Western countries, which were beyond the means of the collectors and by levying a high turnover tax upon those sales and barters which were necessary to improve collections), thereby forcing the owners to sell their property or entitling the authorities to obtain and realize it by selling it to the state-owned Kunst und Antiquitaten GmbH ('Art and Antiquities Ltd.') which in turn exported the items.