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El ejercicio de la autoridad en el aula, al origen de desigualdades en el aprendizaje de la autonomía y de los hábitos democráticos

Our research focused on the links that could be established between school authority, the autonomy of individuals and the democratic aspirations of modern societies, in the French context. We focus on two contrary conceptions of authority that are: authority with an educational purpose and authority in an authoritarian conception. In parallel with a current political discourse that advocates the restoration of an authoritarian authority in schools, a second political objective was also reaffirmed at this time: The School must form the spirit of the students to think freely and critically. The study questions the contradictory nature of this double political injunction and demonstrates an unequal treatment of students by teachers based on their school level. We show the injustice committed by the School, in terms of empowerment and democratic habits, by directing more educational authority towards students with high school performance. Finally, we give keys to think the School in a different way to the mode of domination-submission, deepening the thinking of the philosopher John Dewey.