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A Novel Method of Developing Frequency Encoded Different Optical Logic Processors Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

To implement different digital processors in optical domain, encoding and decoding of optical data are the prime issues. Till now several encoding/decoding techniques have been reported for representing the optical information. In this connection spatial encoding [Toyohiko Y., 1986], intensity encoding [Mukhopadhyay S.,et-al., 2004], polarization encoding [Awwal A.A.S., et-al., 1990; Zaghloul Y.A., et-al., 2006, 2011], phase encoding [Chakraborty B., et-al., 2009] etc. may be mentioned. But these coding processes have some inherent problems. In spatial encoding, two specific pixcells, each having two different types of opaque and transparent sub-cells distribution are encoded either as ‘1’ and ‘0’states respectively in 2-D plane. Here input signal bits are generated by electro-optic/electronic switching (with suitable nonlinear materials) which limits the speed of processing. Again in pixels based operation, interference and diffraction effect may change the expected result of the image pattern at the output end which leads to bit error problem. Moreover, as output result is obtained using decoding mask, and the encoding and decoding technologies not being the same, therefore it is not possible to design sequential or combinational logic circuit using spatial encoding technique. In intensity encoding, presence of optical signal or the intensity of a signal greater than that of a specific reference intensity have been encoded as ‘1’ state and absence of signal or the intensity of a signal lower than that of a specific reference intensity have been encoded as ‘0’ state. But for long distance communication, intensity of optical signal may fall and dropdown below the reference level and for which the ‘1’ state may be treated as ‘0’state of the signal which can also lead to the bit error problem. In most of the cases the all-optical logic gates are implemented by non-linear materials extending its 2nd order of nonlinearity. This material sends the light passing through it in different channels if the intensity of light varies. So the change of a prefixed value of intensity creates some major problems in channel selection and therefore this intensity based encoding principle is problematic. In intensity based refractive index variation technology, small fluctuation of intensity of the input beams may collapse the total set up. In polarization encoding, one specific state of polarization of the optical beam is encoded as ‘0’ state and another specific orthogonal state of polarization is treated as ‘1’