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Hierarchical smart routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

This paper proposes a new hierarchical routing protocol dedicated to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Several solutions have been proposed, but an optimal one, which can be applied in different situations, still remains non-existent. Our proposal takes advantage of existing solutions and proposed a new radial Cluster Head (CH) selection algorithm to ensure the QoS, a good load balancing and to enhance the network lifetime. A performance analysis of our proposal with LEACH, Mod_LEACH and M-GEAR protocols is presented in this paper comparing these protocols using different metrics such as network lifetime, throughput, stability and instability periods, remaining energy, network overhead, etc. The simulations show that our solution outperforms existing solutions due to the radial architecture proposed for CH selection and the use of two transmission levels for intra- and inter-cluster communication. Obtained results show that our proposal improves the network lifetime by 113% compared to LEACH protocol and optimises the energy consumption by more than 62% in comparison to M-GEAR.