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COVID-19 mortality among working-age Americans in 46 states, by industry and occupation

Introduction A small body of epidemiological research suggests that working in an essential sector is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection or subsequent disease or mortality. However, there is limited evidence to date on the US, or on how the risks associated with essential work differ across demographic subgroups defined by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Methods Using publicly available data from the National Center for Health Statistics on deaths occurring in the US in 2020, we calculated per-capita COVID-19 mortality by industry and occupation. We additionally calculated per-capita COVID-19 mortality by essential industry---essential or not---by age group, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results Among non-military individuals and individuals with a known industry or occupation, there were 48,030 reported COVID-19 deaths, representing 25.1 COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 working-age individuals after age standardization. Per-capita age-standardized COVID-19 mortality was 1.89 times higher among essential workers than among workers in non-essential industries, representing an absolute difference of 14.7 per 100,000. Across industry, per-capita age-standardized COVID-19 mortality was highest in the following industries: accommodation and food services (45.4 per 100,000); transportation and warehousing (43.4); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (42.3); mining (39.6); and construction (38.7). Discussion We urge for paid sick leave, which can help increase vaccine access and minimize disease transmission. Given that SARS-CoV-2 is an airborne virus, we also call for collaborative efforts to ensure that workplace settings are properly ventilated and that workers have access to effective masks.