{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.012, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.530434782608696, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Dialysis Access Anatomy and Interventions: A Primer.

The creation of arteriovenous fistulae and the use of arteriovenous grafts are a vital component in the treatment of patients undergoing dialysis. For many patients in this population, these accesses represent the permanent solution to their dialysis needs. Understanding the basic anatomy of the most common accesses used, as well as initial treatment of many underlying causes of access failure is vital for any interventionalist performing such procedures. This article outlines the most common approaches to surgically placed accesses used for renal replacement therapy, as well as the basics of interventional approaches used to treat the most common abnormalities causing their dysfunction.