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Triennial Growth Symposium: Vitamin D--establishing the basics to dispel the hype.

We now understand that vitamin D is the starting material of an endocrine system primarily devoted to the regulation of serum calcium, serum phosphorus and bone. Vitamin D is normally produced in skin by a photochemical reaction of 7-dehydrocholesterol. It is subsequently converted in the liver to a circulating form (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) that is then converted by the kidney to a hormonal form, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The vitamin D hormone acts through a single nuclear receptor in carrying out these functions. The presence of this receptor in a variety of tissues signals functions beyond bone, calcium and phosphorus. This presentation will provide the basic biology of the endocrine system, the current concepts of the molecular mechanisms by which it functions, and a look at the proven and putative functions of the hormone in the various target tissues.