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A National Socialist school for Norway: concepts of Nazification during the German occupation

ABSTRACT During the Nazi occupation of Norway from 1940 to 1945, Norwegian society was exposed to comprehensive Nazification measures. Considered racially equal, it was intended that the “Germanic” Norwegians would be transformed into a National Socialist people’s community. With the establishment of the so-called new order on 25 September 1940, the Nazification of Norwegian society became the main task of the local collaboration party, Nasjonal Samling. An integral part of the Nazification was the reform of schools in accordance with National Socialist educational principles. However, the Norwegian education sector had played a crucial role during the process of democratisation. Because Nasjonal Samling was challenging a sector considered a democratic stronghold of the nation, it needed to develop educational concepts and reforms that had the potential to win teachers, pupils, and parents over to National Socialism. However, the party never succeeded in this ambition. Attempts to reform Norwegian schools were met with disapproval almost from day one and grew into a nationwide protest in 1942, which forced the party to put aside most of its reform plans. This article investigates the concepts for National Socialist schooling in Norway, and explains why the attempts to Nazify Norwegian schools were doomed to failure.