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Electrical conductivity and the thermocline of the Moon

Knowledge of electrical conductivity of lunar materials is required in order to understand various lunar surface and interior phenomena including deduction of lunar temperature profiles. Studies by several investigations of electrical conductivity in controlled environments and at elevated temperatures of Apollo lunar rocks, terrestrial pyroxenes and olivines, and synthetic glasses have shown that conductivity values are dependent primarily on concentration, distribution and oxidation state of iron and only secondarily on silicate crystal structure (e.g. olivine, pyroxene or glass). This general observation provides a reasonable basis for using laboratory conductivity data to deduce lunar interior temperatures from conductivity profiles determined by studies of the interaction of solar wind and Moon. Furthermore, correlation of conductivity with iron content provides a basis for the existence of lunar surface conductivity inhomogeneities. In this presentation, salient laboratory measurements of electrical properties by several investigators are discussed in the context of lunar observations from space missions and compared with appropriate lunar evolutionary models.