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Who are political users of the Internet?: an empirical study of the democratic divide

This paper, analyzing the Pew Internet & American Life Project's 2008 postelection survey, examines whether the demographic pattern of a digital divide differentiates significantly between general users and political users of the Internet. Internet users in this study includes six types: general Internet users, daily users, users for light political purposes, users for campaign engagement, general users of social networking sites, and social networking sites users for political connection. Testing the cross-group difference, the study found out that age, education and income make a demographic divide in general Internet usages. The divide pattern for light political activities is different from that for more politically engaged, concerned activities. Reflecting the Internet is not yet a predominant medium for politics, the probability of Internet use for campaign engagement and of social networking sites use for political purposes is not high. The digital divide in political usages of the Internet (the democratic divide) resembles the pattern in general usages.