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Inheritance of Rounded Seed Shape in Sunflower

Abstract Two mutant inbred lines of sunflower, F1 and F2 hybrids derived after reciprocal crossings between those mutant lines, were used to study seed shape inheritance pattern. Seed shape was evaluated as a length to width (L/W) ratio. One of the mutant lines had rounded shape of the seeds which length to width ratio was close to 1.0. Another line differed with elongated seeds with L/W ratio equal to 1.6–1.7. The length to width ratio of 1.4–1.5 in F1 hybrids was intermediate as compared to its parents, hybrid seeds being still elongated and differing sharply from the rounded seeds. F2 populations showed two phenotypic classes in the shape of seeds with elongated seeds (L/W ratio>1.3) exceeding greatly rounded seeds (L/W ratio<1.3) in number. The used chi-square test indicated that the observed segregation corresponded to the theoretically expected both 15: 1 and 63: 1 ratios. The revealed segregations may indicate the control of the seed shape by two or even three unidirectionally acting genes. This implies that rounded seed shape is a double or triple recessive homozygote.