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Ultrafast structural dynamics using time-resolved x-ray diffraction driven by relativistic laser pulses

Based on a femtosecond laser plasma-induced hard x-ray source with a high laser pulse energy (> 100 mJ) at 10 Hz repetition rate, we present a time-resolved x-ray diffraction system on an ultrafast time scale. The laser intensity is at relativistic regime (2 × 1019 W/cm2), which is essential for effectively generating Kα source in high-Z metal material. The produced copper Kα radiation yield reaches to 2.5 × 108 photons/sr/shot. The multilayer mirrors are optimized for monochromatizating and two-dimensional beam shaping of Kα emission. Our experiment exhibits its ability of monitoring the transient structural changes in a thin film SrCoO2.5 crystal. It is demonstrated that this facility is a powerful tool to perform dynamic studies on samples and adaptable to the specific needs for different particular applications with high flexibility.