{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01631116687578419, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.82051282051282, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Update on Current Assessment Practices for Dysphagia

The assessment of dysphagia occurs along a continuum from screening to instrumental evaluation. What is considered a screening varies widely from a specific procedure to a more comprehensive approach. Each of the specific procedures (eg, water swallow test, pulse oximetry, cervical auscultation) lacks data to confirm validity. The clinical/bedside examination and instrumental examinations like the videofluoroscopic examination and endoscopic examination yield useful information for management of patients with dysphagia. Each of these has limitations and advantages. The speech-language pathologist must determine which of the types of assessment are needed for particular patients and must critically evaluate the evidence base for each.