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Multifunctional Ag-decorated porous TiO2 nanofibers in dye-sensitized solar cells: efficient light harvesting, light scattering, and electrolyte contact.

Designing the photoanode structure in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is vital to realizing enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, novel multifunctional silver-decorated porous titanium dioxide nanofibers (Ag/pTiO2 NFs) made by simple electrospinning, etching, and chemical reduction processes are introduced. The Ag/pTiO2 NFs with a high surface area of 163 m(2)  g(-1) provided sufficient dye adsorption for light harvesting. Moreover, the approximately 200 nm diameter and rough surface of the Ag/pTiO2 NFs offered enough light scattering, and the enlarged interpores among the NFs in the photoanode also permitted electrolyte circulation. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were well dispersed on the surface of the TiO2 NFs, which prevented aggregation of the Ag NPs after calcination. Furthermore, a localized surface plasmon resonance effect by the Ag NPs served to increase the light absorption at visible wavelengths. The surface area and amount of Ag NPs was optimized. The PCE of pTiO2 NF-based DSSCs was 27 % higher (from 6.2 to 7.9 %) than for pure TiO2 NFs, whereas the PCE of Ag/pTiO2 NF-based DSSCs increased by about 12 % (from 7.9 to 8.8 %). Thus, the PCE of the multifunctional pTiO2 NFs was improved by 42 %, that is, from 6.2 to 8.8 %.