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Optical endoscopic instrumentation in otolaryngology: manufacturer's and clinician's points of view

Surgery on the paranasal sinuses is well documented as far back as 2000 years ago. Old and new world tribes performed ritualistic as well as minimally therapeutic trephinations on the sinuses. There was no great understanding of the nasal or sinus anatomy or physiology until the 16th Century when the sinuses were first treated as a primary site of infection. External and internal curettage approaches, along with irrigating the sinuses through their natural ostia, were the mainstay in treating sinus disease. With the introduction and improvement of sinus radiography and continued research in the physiology of the sinuses, a better understanding was gained of the extent of sinus disease, the number of sinuses involved, and the roll of residual disease in the sinuses.