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Two-Level, Dynamic, Week-Long Work Episode Scheduling Model

The two-level dynamic model presented in this paper was developed for scheduling work episodes within a 1-week planning period. The week-long time frame captures day-to-day variability in an individual’s work participation within a typical week. Two types of work episodes are modeled: those planned before the week (preplanned) and those scheduled during the week (unplanned). The first level of the model schedules preplanned work episodes, considering workers’ total time awake as their time budget. After the schedule of the preplanned episodes is known, the second level schedules unplanned work episodes. In this level the duration of preplanned episodes is subtracted from the first level’s time budget to define the individual’s time constraint. In each level of the framework, discrete-continuous econometric models are used to model jointly the decision of working on each day with the associated episode duration and start time. Results indicate that not only do work episodes have different attributes based on the time when they are added to the schedule but also there are interdependencies between preplanned and unplanned work episode scheduling. Working on previous days of the week increases the probability of scheduling work episodes on the following days; this setup is representative of the routine nature of much work activity. Workers with a fixed place of work schedule more preplanned work episodes, whereas they engage in fewer unplanned episodes. Flexible work duration increases time expenditure on preplanned episodes. Both models are estimated with computerized household activity scheduling survey data collected in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.