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Asteroid: scalable online memory diagnostics

Memory diagnostics play an important role in addressing the worsening resilience problem for DRAM main memory. As device scales reach the extremes of physical limits, memory is becoming more prone to transient and permanent errors. Online memory diagnostics can be used as part of a comprehensive strategy to mitigate errors. This paper presents a new approach, Asteroid, to incorporate memory diagnostics in a system actively serving a workload. The approach dynamically adjusts itself to workload behavior and resource availability to maximize test thoroughness and minimize performance overhead. In a 16-core enterprise server, Asteroid has modest overhead of 1% to 4% for workloads with low to high memory demand.