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The effect of micro RNA-21 and interleukin-6 on development of heart failure: A meta-analysis of the literature

Objective We determined the overall effects of microRNA-21 and Interleukin-6 on development of heart failure by aggregating literature and subjecting studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria to statistical meta-analysis. Background MicroRNA’s are short regulatory RNA’s that act as negative regulators of gene expression by inhibiting mRNA translation or by promoting mRNA degradation. Experimental evidence is rapidly accumulating, which demonstrates that microRNA’s constitute a new mode of governing pathophysiological mechanisms in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Inflammatory activation with increased serum cytokine levels has been described as an important factor in the progression of the syndrome of chronic heart failure. In multifactorial analysis, elevated levels of interleukin-6 have been identified as the prognostic heart failure marker. Materials and Methods Original research papers were gathered from Tongji medical college library resources and online data bases. The papers were screened and coded; those meeting the inclusion and exclusion criterion were subjected to meta-analysis, using Cohen’s d test to determine the effect size of each study. Results In microRNA-21 study six studies with 6 effect sizes met the stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall mean effect of microRNA-21 from animal experiment on development of heart failure was highly significant (d=+1.36). The fail safe number associated with overall effect of microRNA-21 on development of heart failure in animals was 76, a high number representing the number of additional studies in which microRNA-21 has negative or no effect on development of Heart failure required to negate the overall large effect size of +1.36. In interleukin-6 study seven studies with 7 effect sizes met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean effect of interleukin-6 on development of heart failure from human studies was highly significant (d=+1.41) as well as in animal experiments (d=+1.40). The fail safe number associated with overall effect of interleukin-6 on development of heart failure in human was 65 while in animal 26, a high number representing the number of additional studies required to negate the overall effect size of +1.4.