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Lung Injuries of Acute chest syndrome in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease assessed by lung ultrasound

Objectives: We aimed to assess lung injury by lung ultrasound (LUS) in children with sickle cell disease presenting an acute chest syndrome. Methods: This was a retrospective study of paediatric patients admitted from May 2017 to February 2019 for severe vaso-occlusive crisis complicated by an Acute Chest syndrome during hospitalization. The Acute Chest syndrome was defined by a pulmonary infiltrate on chest X-Ray and one or more of the following clinic signs: Fever, chest pain, hypoxemia or respiratory symptoms including tachypnea, wheezing, cough, or increased work of breathing. LUS was performed by paediatric physicians. Results: A total of 60 patients with acute chest syndrome had a LUS. We observed in all patients, bilateral large consolidations developing from the lung’s lower and posterior area and associated with bronchograms. An increase of B-lines was observed around the consolidation. Surprisingly, a pleural effusion was associated in 50 children. Conclusion: LUS is a useful tool to assess lung injury in children with acute chest syndrome. LUS may be advantageous for diagnosis and management of these patients while reducing their ionizing radiation exposure.