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Efficient generation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐neutralizing human MoAbs via human peripheral blood lymphocyte (hu‐PBL)‐SCID mice and scFv phage display libraries

RSV is one of the major causes of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and is associated with high mortality. RSV neutralizing human antibody (hu‐Ab) is known to mediate resistance to viral infection as well as to be an effective treatment for severe lower respiratory tract RSV infection. We have previously demonstrated that human primary and secondary immune responses can be established in severe combined immunodeficient mice engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu‐PBL‐SCID). By combining this animal model with the single‐chain Fv antibody (scFv) phage display library technique, we were able to investigate further its clinical potential by generating a panel of human scFvs that exhibit both high F glycoprotein (RSV‐F) binding affinities (∼108 M−1) and strong neutralizing activities against RSV infection in vitro. Sequencing analysis of the randomly isolated anti‐RSV‐F scFv clones revealed that they were derived from different VH families with mutations in the complementarity‐determining region 1 (CDR1). The results suggest that: (i) RSV‐F‐specific human immune responses and affinity maturation can be induced in hu‐PBL‐SCID mice; and (ii) this approach can be applied to generate large numbers of human scFvs with therapeutic potential. Despite the fact that hu‐PBL‐SCID mouse and human scFv phage display library have individually been established, our approach contributes a simple and significant step toward the generalization of antigen‐specific human monoclonal antibody (hu‐MoAb) production and their clinical applications.