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Glucosamine sulfate attenuates dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in mice

Glucosamine is a widely used supplement among patients with osteoarthritis. Also, it has been shown that glucosamine exhibits anti‐inflammatory action through the suppression of neutrophil activation. In this study, efficacy of glucosamine supplementation to attenuates DSS‐induced colitis. C57BL/6 mice were separated into three groups (n=10/group). ND group was fed control diet. LGS and HGS groups were fed diet supplemented with either 0.05% (w/w) or 0.1% (w/w) glucosamine sulfate for 4 weeks, respectively. Two weeks after feeding experiment diet, colitis was induced by supplying two cycles (5 days per cycle) of 2% DSS drinking water. Two cycles were separated by 7 days. Study results indicated that HGS group showed improvement in clinical symptoms measured by disease activity index. The expression of tight junction proteins including ZO‐1 and occludin was significantly higher in HGS group compared to those of animals in other groups. ND group had significantly reduced colon length (p<0.05), while HGS group reversed DSS‐induced shortening of the colon (p<0.05). HGS group exhibited significantly decreased serum concentrations of both interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) by 52% and serum amyloid P component (SAP) by 55% (p<0.05). In addition, the colonic mucosa tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) mRNA expression was markedly reduced in HGS group compared with those of the ND group at p<.0001, and at p<0.05, respectively. Also, the colonic protein expression of lipocalin 2 and NF‐κB was significantly inhibited in HGS group compared with those of ND group at p<0.05. These results suggest that glucosamine attenuates disease activity of colitis by suppressing NF‐κB mediated inflammatory responses. Further efficacy studies in humans are warranted.