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Anti-Pyretic and Analgesic Potentials of Aqueous Extract of Phragmanthera capitata S. Balle in Albino Rats

Phragmanthera capitata is parasitic plant (mistletoe) that colonizes many plants including avocado trees. The whole plant infusion/decoction is used in Cameroon folk medicine to relief fever and abdominal pain. This study was aimed at assessing anti-pyretic and analgesic potentials of aqueous extract of Phragmanthera capitata (AEPC) in Wistar rats at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight. To assess anti-pyretic potential; 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and turpentine were used to induce pyrexia with standard drug being diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg). To assess peripheral analgesic effect, acetic acid- induced writhing test was used. To assess central analgesic potential, formalin-induced licking test was used with standard drug being pethidine (5 mg/kg). Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey test used as post hoc. In DNP-induced pyrexia, results revealed that AEPC at 200 and 300 mg/kg significantly (P <0.05 and P <0.01) reduced rat body temperature by 0.80±0.02 and 1.20±0.10 O C respectively as compared to 0.90±0.05 O C for standard drug. In turpentine induced pyrexia, same inhibition trend was shown as in DNP induced pyrexia. In peripheral analgesic activity, AEPC (300 mg/kg) maximally inhibited (P <0.05) number of writhes to 4.25±0.10 as compared to 9.27±0.51 for standard drug and 31.50±2.32 for control. In central analgesic activity, the number of licks was reduced to 4.99±0.13 as compared to 4.21±0.09 for standard drug and 39.25±3.13 for control. Therefore, AEPC possesses enormous anti-pyretic and analgesic properties in a dose-dependent manner. These properties corroborate the extract being used in Cameroon folk medicine to relief fever and abdominal pain.