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Three Service of Process

Different domestic legal systems have different and sometimes incompatible rules for formally notifying parties of a particular legal proceeding or related event. This chapter reviews the differences in rules for “service of process” across national boundaries and the methods for resolving the resulting conflicts, in particular through such “international judicial assistance” conventions as the 1965 Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters. After a brief comparative introduction and a review of relevant U.S. rules and procedures, this chapter describes methods for accomplishing service despite differences in national rules, for example, through the Hague Service Convention, the 1979 Inter-American Convention on Letters Rogatory, or the European Union’s service rules. It also describes issues and evolving rules regarding service by email and other electronic methods.