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[Progress of bone graft substitute].

OBJECTIVE
To sum up the recent progress of common bone graft substitute and to forecast the possible directions for further research.


METHODS
Recent original articles about investigation and application for bone graft substitute were extensively reviewed. Several common bone graft substitutes were selected and expounded in different categories.


RESULTS
Bone graft was an essential treatment in order to provide structural support, fill bone cavity and promote bone defect healing. The gold standard for bone graft was autograft which is subject to many restrictions. In recent years, the research and development of bone graft substitute have received public attention. A very great progress has been made in the research and application of allograft bones, synthetic bones and engineered bones, and some research results have been put into use for real products.


CONCLUSION
There still exist many problems in present bone graft substitutes. Combining various biomaterials and using the specific processing technology to develop a biomaterial which has the similar mechanical and chemical properties and physical structures to autograft so as to promote bone defect healing is the direction for future research.