{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03674911660777385, 'fraction_numerical': 0.026148409893992933, 'mean_word_length': 4.53125, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Hollow nanotube Ru/Cu2+1O supported on copper foam as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting.

Hydrogen energy has been considered as one of the ideal clean energies for solving the energy shortage and environmental issues, and developing the high efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting to produce hydrogen is still a huge challenge. Herein, we for the first time report the Ru-doped Cu 2+1 O vertically-arranged nanotube arrays in situ grown on Cu foam (Ru/Cu 2+1 O NT/CuF) and further investigate their catalytic properties for overall water splitting. The Ru/Cu 2+1 O NT/CuF presents ultrahigh catalytic activities for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline conditions, and it exhibits a small overpotential of 32 mV at 10 mA cm -2 in the HER, and only needs 210 mV overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm -2 in the OER. Importantly, the alkaline electrolyzer using Ru/Cu 2+1 O NT/CuF as bifunctional electrocatalysts only needs 1.53 V voltage to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm -2 , which is much lower than the benchmark of IrO 2 (+)/Pt(-) counterpart (1.64 V at 10 mA cm -2 ). The excellent performance of the Ru/Cu 2+1 O NT/CuF catalyst is attributed to its high conductive substrate and special Ru-doped nanotube structure, which provides high electrochemical active surface area and 3D gas diffusion channel.