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Local conductivity study of TiO2 electrodes by atomic force microscopy

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystalline porous film electrodes were prepared by the sol–gel method on indium–tin oxide (ITO) glass and chemically modified further by an aqueous solution of titanium tetrachloride for solar energy conversion application. The surface topography and local conductivity of the TiO2 films were investigated by atomic force microscopy and a simultaneous current mapping technique in the dark and under ultraviolet illumination, respectively. It was found that the conductivity of the films was improved by chemical treatment and the possible mechanism of the effect was discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.