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Germ cell function and hormonal status in patients with testicular cancer

Sperm counts, serum gonadotropins, and androgen levels were investigated in 39 seminoma patients and 58 patients with a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis after unilateral orchiectomy. In 58% of the patients, the total sperm count was below the lower reference value (80 million). A multiregression analysis demonstrated a correlation between a decreased total sperm count and the following three explanatory variables: (1) an elevated serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), (2) a history of chryptorchidism, or (3) a seminomatous tumor. In 42% of the patients, the sperm concentration and the sperm motility met criteria considered sufficient for cryopreservation. Serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) was elevated in 33% of the patients. Androgens (serum testosterone [T] or urine 17‐oxy‐steroids [17‐OS]) were subnormal in 5% of the patients, whereas serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was elevated in 14% of the patients without human chorionic gonadotropin β‐subunit (β‐HCG) in serum.