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Community resources for mental health care in India

India faced many challenges at the time of independence in 1947. India has a long history of medicine and political organisation. However, the situation with regard to health and mental health in 1947 was not satisfactory. In 1947, for a population of over 300 million, there were only a handful of psychiatrists, only 10,000 psychiatric beds (onebed per 30,000 population), there were no training centres of psychiatry, the legislation governing the mentally ill was the Indian Lunacy Act 1912, the expectation of life at birth was 35 years. However, there was high tolerance by the community and emotional commitment of families to the mentally ill individuals. In 1999, the population has tripled to 1000 million, the number of psychiatrists are about 3000, there are over 30,000 psychiatric beds, about 50 centres provide postgraduate training in psychiatry, the legislation has been updated (Mental Health Act 1987), a new positive law Persons With Disabilities Act, 1995 is in place, the life expectancy at birth is 65 years and about 30% of the population live in urban areas. The positive features or community tolerance/acceptance and the family support for the mentally ill continues. The situation in 1947 presented many challenges to Indian psychiatrists. A striking feature of the last 50 years is the continuous and systematic efforts by psychiatrists to innovate to meet the mental health needs of the population and to utilise the community resources for mental health care. These efforts of Indian professionals have relevance to other developing countries and to the development of community mental health movement in the world.