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Effect of Ronnel on the respiration rate of Ornithodoros savignyi ticks at different temperatures after topical application or oral ingestion.

The metabolic rate of unfed Ornithodoros savignyi females was determined at different temperatures. Oxygen consumption steadily increased from 15° to 35°C (Q10 = 2.6). At 35°C a plateau began, indicating no further increase in the external respiration rate in spite of a temperature increase to 40° and 45°C. These temperatures also markedly shortened the longevity of the ticks.

Daily changes in weight and external respiration rates were determined for O. savignyi females after (1) topical application of 200 μg ronnel (an organophosphate pesticide) and maintenance at the constant temperatures 15°, 25°, 35° and 45°C and at 80% RH, (2) feeding on a rat which had received ronnel orally, and (3) direct ingestion of the pesticide by the tick through an artificial membrane with a blood meal. All ticks exposed topically ultimately died showing a peak in oxygen consumption of a 4 to 5-fold magnitude up to several days after application, longer periods occurring at lower temperatures. Even at 35°C the lapse time was 2–1/2 days, while at the adverse temperature of 45°C it occurred a day following exposure. A temperature of 15°C was generally too low for effective absorption and metabolism of the pesticide, but significant amounts remained available to the exposed ticks for at least 20 days. At all temperatures appreciable weight loss occurred during the hours of peak oxygen consumption. At 25°C some ronnel was absorbed immediately through the cuticle of topically-exposed ticks, but even after 4 or 5 days at either 25° or 35°G substantial external amounts of the pesticide persisted. Ronnel circulating in the blood of a rat at 3 ppm at the time of tick feeding did not affect the respiration rate or longevity of the ticks. Other ticks which had engorged through an artificial membrane on blood containing pesticide at the rate of 100 mg ronnel/kg blood showed, after engorgement, a steady increase in respiration rate at 25°C compared with a steady decline in the rate of control ticks, but none died. Ronnel was expelled with the coxal fluid by ticks held at 25°C during the first hour and up to 20 hr following ingestion with the blood meal.