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The global role of kidney transplantation

Kidney transplantation is acknowledged as a major advance of modern medicine, which provides high-quality life years to patients with irreversible kidney failure (end-stage renal disease, ESRD) worldwide. What was an experimental, risky and very limited treatment option 50 years ago, is now routine clinical practice in more than 80 countries. What was once limited to a few individuals in a small number of leading academic centres in high-income economies, is now transforming lives as a routine procedure in most highand middle-income countries – but can do much more. The largest numbers of transplants are performed in the USA, China, Brazil and India, while the greatest population access to transplantation is in Austria, USA, Croatia, Norway, Portugal and Spain. There are still many limitations in access to transplantation across the globe. World Kidney Day on 8 March 2012 will bring focus to the tremendous life-changing potential of kidney transplantation as a challenge to politicians, corporations, charitable organizations and health-care professionals. This commentary raises awareness of the progressive success of organ transplantation, highlight concerns about restricted community access and human organ trafficking and commercialism, while also exploring the real potential for transforming kidney transplantation into the routine treatment option for ESRD across the world.