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Feature to space conversion during target selection in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex of monkeys

To investigate the neuronal mechanism of the process of selection of a target from an array of stimuli, we analysed neuronal activity of the lateral prefrontal cortex during the response period of a serial probe reproduction task. During the response period of this task, monkeys were trained to select a memorized target object from an array of three objects and make a saccadic eye movement toward it. Of 611 neurons, 74 neurons showed visual response and 56 neurons showed presaccadic activity during the response period. Among visual neurons, 27 showed array‐ and target‐selectivity. All of these array‐ and target‐selective visual responses were recorded from the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Among 56 neurons with presaccadic activity, nine showed target‐selective activity, 17 showed target‐ and direction‐selective activity, and 23 showed direction‐selective activity. The target‐selective, and the target‐ and direction‐selective activities were recorded from the VLPFC, and the direction‐selective activities were recorded from VLPFC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The starting time of the activity was earlier for the target‐selective, and target‐ and direction‐selective activities in VLPFC, intermediate for the direction‐selective activities in VLPFC, and later for the direction‐selective activities in DLPFC. These results suggest that VLPFC plays a role in the process of selection of a target object from an array of stimuli, VLPFC and DLPFC play a role in determining the location of the target in space, and DLPFC plays a role in selecting a direction and making a decision to generate a saccadic eye movement.