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Electron microscopic changes of lymph nodes during correction of sodium glutamate action by melatonin

The effect of monosodium glutamate on lymphoid organs remains insufficiently studied. Also, no less relevant is the issue of correction of changes caused by the action of monosodium glutamate. The aim of the study was to study the electron microscopic changes in the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of rats under the action of monosodium glutamate for six weeks and during correction with melatonin. The experimental study was performed on 66 white male and female rats of reproductive age. The structure of mesenteric lymph nodes of white rats under the conditions of physiological norm at the electron microscopic level was studied in 10 intact animals. Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups, each with 10 animals. The control was 16 white rats, which instead of a high-calorie diet (HCD) received a standard diet of vivarium. HCD was achieved by adding to the diet of monosodium glutamate at a dose of 0.07 g/kg body weight of rats. The dose of melatonin was 10 mg/kg body weight of rats, administered orally daily at the same time in the afternoon. The electron microscopic structure of the mesenteric lymph nodes of male and female rats of reproductive age of the intact and control groups corresponds to the species norm. The study showed that monosodium glutamate causes changes in the parenchyma of the lymph nodes as in alimentary obesity. After six weeks of HCD, the number of apoptically altered lymphocytes increases. That part of lymphocytes, which has no signs of karyorrhexis or karyolysis, has a karyolemma with deep intussusception, the cytoplasm is enlightened, the tubules of the granular endoplasmic reticulum in cells with signs of edema, dilated, mitochondrial ridges swollen, damaged. There are profound destructive changes in the cellular composition of the organ and violations at the level of all parts of the vascular bed. After six weeks of melatonin correction, the number of macrophages and plasma cells decreased, in some lymphocytes the nucleolus is not clearly expressed, the karyolemma is uneven, the cytoplasm is enlightened, the number of osmophilic (fatty) inclusions decreases both in the intercellular space and in the cytoplasm of the cell. Therefore, the introduction of melatonin led to a significant restoration of the structural organization, and hence the function of this organ.