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Serum levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) and of cytokine TNF-alpha increase during interleukin-2 therapy.

Circulating levels of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin were measured in 20 advanced cancer patients at different times during recombinant interleukin-2 immunotherapy. The concentration of all three molecules progressively increased as did the levels of circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which is known to induce endothelial cell activation. A fair direct relationship (but not statistically significant) between the raised concentration of soluble cell adhesion molecules and TNF-alpha was observed. We suggest that elevated levels of soluble adhesion molecules and TNF-alpha in the blood of IL-2-treated patients may arise from a systemic inflammatory reaction producing endothelial cell activation.