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Effects of nonconstant coupling through nonlinear magnetics in electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters

This article discusses how a nonhomogeneous magnetic field with a nonconstant flux gradient affects the behavior of electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters. Based on simulations, the authors show that this nonlinearity enables to increase the output power and bandwidth but not to effectively limit the oscillator vibration amplitude. The impact, however, depends on various system parameters, especially the mechanical damping. Comparing the results to an energy-harvesting prototype, one can conclude that, in practice, the linear model based on a homogeneous magnetic field provides a good estimate. The authors finally give suggestions about magnetic fields that are beneficial for energy harvesting.