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Angiotensin II in the carotid body – a friend or foe?

Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of collapse of the upper airway that result in episodic hypoxaemia in the patient, which increases risks for systemic hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The pathophysiological mechanism that mediates the adverse impact of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on cardiovascular function has been connected to a sustained elevation of sympathetic activity that could be driven by elevated activity of the carotid chemoreceptors. We have shown an upregulation of the expression of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) components, namely angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptors, in the carotid body of rats exposed to CIH (Lam et al. 2014). As a result of the upregulated