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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins - New Hope in the Reconstruction of Bone Defects in the Stomatognathic Area

Bone morphogenetic proteins are a group of nine known proteins which represent factors of growth and differentiation with the ability of inducing new bone. Osteoinduction is a precisely defined sequence of biological reactions which lead to the transformation of mesenchymal cells into cartilage and bone. In vitro and in vivo, studies have demonstrated that in order for proteins to realise their clinical function they need carriers. So far ACS (absorbable collagen sponge) has been most frequently used as a carrier. However the search for the best carrier continues. Investigations carried out so far on experimental models (rats, dogs, mini pigs and chimpanzees), and in human volunteers, have indicated the great potential of BMP in the reconstruction of bone defects of the stomatognathic area. Promising results have been obtained so far in periodontal surgery, augmentation of alveolar ridges, augmentation of the floor of the maxillary sinus, treatment of periimplantitis and treatment of larger bone defects after extirpation of tumours.