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Formation of Particle Coated Fusiform Droplets via Lowering Interface Tension with Polyaluminum Sulfate

It was found that the interface tension between water and alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) was significantly reduced by polyaluminum sulfate (PAS), increased considerably though by TiO2 nanoparticle. PAS with basicity of 0.75 (PAS-0.75) reduced the interface tension to a larger extent than PAS with basicity of 0.3 (PAS-0.3). By reducing interface tension with PAS-0.75, ASA-in-water emulsion bearing fusiform geometries was constructed. The emulsion stabilized by PAS-0.3 and TiO2 nanoparticle bore spherical shapes with the exception when mass fraction of TiO2 nanoparticle was low, in which case fused nonspherical drops were formed. Forming nonspherical emulsion crucially depends on ASA-water interface tension, where a critical interface tension was identified to be 0.6–0.7 mN/m. The fusiform geometries were transformed into spherical shapes when interface tension was higher than 0.7 mN/m. Both the lowering mechanism of the interface tension and the formation mechanism of the fusiform emulsion were proposed.