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Developments in surgical oncology — past, present and future trends

The historical development of integrated treatment programs for locally advanced or aggressive cancers, for which the results of surgical excision or radiotherapy are unsatisfactory, is reviewed. Chemotherapy should be used first (induction chemotherapy), while tumour vasculature is intact; intra‐arterial infusion gives a greater regional effect. Central residual tumour may be eradicated by subsequent radiotherapy and/or surgery.