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Estimating dynamics of heavily fluctuating radar responses: a land clutter application and experimental results

The strength of radar response varies considerably. In this regard, the dynamic range of most receivers is not sufficient enough to operate optimally. Due to this fact, radar signal may represent only a fraction of the real backscattering phenomena. One way to solve the problem is to use automatic gain control (AGC). It helps to prevent the saturation of responses but inflicts performance degradation on subsequent radar signal processing. The same problem with dynamic range exists in other fields of sensing as well. For example, a solution in digital photography is to use various exposure times to determine the most appropriate one for the current conditions. In this paper, a corresponding approach is proposed for analyzing radar responses. The method requires measurements of a selected area to be performed with various gains, and the resulting dynamic ranges should overlap partially. The use of a linear receiver ensures that both the power and the coherent phase statistics can be extracted from the data. Using the proposed approach, a few distributions derived from extensive land clutter recordings from Finnish landscape are presented.