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Fungal growth on wine corks‐a potential source of exposure to susceptible individuals

It is recognized that alcohol can cause bronchoconstriction in susceptible asthmatics, usually because of congeners present in the beverage, rather than the alcohol itself [I]. Wheezing due to alcoholic drinks is common in asthma, affecting around 20% of patients in an outpatient asthma population, the most common drink reported to cause worsening symptoms being red wine [2]. As wine corks are sometimes seen to have considerable fungal growth when the lead is removed from the bottle we decided to culture such wine corks to determine the types of fungi commonly found in this situation. Fourteen corks with visible fungal growth were cultured, five from bottles of white wine (two French, two from Alsace, one from Germany) and nine from bottles of red wine (eight French, one Spanish). Cork fragments were plated out on Agar and the resulting fungi were subcultured and identified. Aspergillus and Penicillium species were grown on Czapek Dox for 7 days at 25°C in the dark, being identified by their recognizable morphological characteristics. Eighteen isolates were obtained from the 14 corks (Table I). Thirteen (72%) of these were Penicillium species, eight of which were Penicillium roquefortii. Two Aspergillus species were isolated (Aspergillus fumi-