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Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hyphal Growth Factors for Ustilago violacea Isolated from the Host Plant Silene alba

Extracts of vegetative leaves of Silene alba, white campion, contain water-soluble hyphal growth factors (HGFs) that support hyphal growth in the anther smut, Ustilago violacea, in vitro. Four water-soluble HGFs, HGF A-D, were separated by gel filtration. In an effort to elucidate the chemical nature of the HGFs that was required for biological activity, S. alba leaf extracts were treated with hydrolytic enzymes. Treatment of unfractionated leaf extract with some of the hydrolases resulted in a 3-37-fold increase in HGF activity, indicating the removal of inhibitor(s), activation of HGFs, and/or facilitation of cellular uptake. Pronase treatment of the major HGF constituent, HGF A, indicated that it was a peptide and that HGFs C and D were proteolytic products of HGF A. Loss of HGF B activity following treatment with β-glucuronidase or proteases indicated that β-glucoside and peptide linkages were essential for HGF B activity. Culture filtrates of U. violacea contained significant protease activity. Exoprotease of U. violacea may function in hyphal growth and hence in pathogenesis.