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Screening Various Juniperus Species for the Occurrence of Umbelliferone by Means of Bivariate Multiple Development Thin-Layer Chromatography

Eleven Juniperus species and a total of 62 different varieties collected at different localities in Poland were extracted with methanol in order to determine the level of umbelliferone present in the extracts. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was performed on glass silica gel 60 F254 plates first developed with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (70:30, 7p/7p) and redeveloped after drying with dichloromethane and diethyl ether (80:20, 7p/7p). Densitometric determinations were performed in fluorescence mode by using a deuterium lamp (D2) for excitation at 326 nm and a K400 filter for measurement of the emitted light using a CAMAG TLC Scanner 3. A linear regression equation was used to determine the amount of umbelliferone in the extracts. The mobile phases used for TLC separated well umbelliferone from other compounds present in the extracts. A good linear regression model was obtained in the range of 10–80 ng with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.99844. Juniperus communis L. “Pendula” contained the highest (88.3 mg/100 g DW) UMB content. Umbelliferone quantitative screening in so many Juniperus species has been performed for the first time. There are no reports dealing with the quantitative assessment of umbelliferone in the Juniperus species. The described method has been validated and it is simple, fast, reliable, specific, precise, and useful for routine assays of Juniperus extracts containing umbelliferone.