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Cannibalism, Metaphor and New World Iconography in Esteban Terralla y Landa’s Lima por dentro y por fuera (1797)

By the end of the eighteenth century Europeans seemed to have lost a lot of their initial obsession with the real or supposed cannibalism of the New World inhabitants. In the debates on the nature and status of the Americans, anthropophagy was now only occasionally and just marginally under discussion. At the heart of the polemic, being waged at this time mostly between Europeans and Americans, was the question of the influence of the climate on the fauna, flora, and, especially, on the intellectual and psychological disposition of all Americans including Creoles all of whom were considered inferior to their European counterparts. The New World iconography from the "discovery" until the independence of America suggests a similar development as the intellectual debates in its fading interest in cannibalism. While throughout the sixteenth century the depiction of maneaters and cannibal feasts featured prominently in European illustrations, they had been relegated to a second place by the late colonial period. To conclude from this, however, that cannibalism had ceased to condition the European perception of Americans would be premature.