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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Regulates U1 Small Nuclear RNP Immune Complex–Mediated Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome

High‐expression alleles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are linked genetically to the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The U1 small nuclear RNP (snRNP) immune complex containing U1 snRNP and anti–U1 snRNP antibodies, which are found in patients with SLE, activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, comprising NLRP3, ASC, and procaspase 1, in human monocytes, leading to the production of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). This study was undertaken to investigate the role of the snRNP immune complex in up‐regulating the expression of MIF and its interface with the NLRP3 inflammasome.