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2. Wetland Geomorphology, Soils, and Formative Processes

The soil is where many of the hydrologic and biogeochemical processes that influence wetland function and ecology occur. A complete understanding of wetland formation, wet land ecology, and wetland management requires a basic understanding of soils, includ ing soil properties, soil processes, and soil variability. In this chapter, we will discuss how soils and landscapes influence the local hydrologic cycle to lead to the development of wetland hydrology. We then will examine some fundamental soil properties and how they lead to and respond to the development of wetland hydrology. Finally, we will consider specific types of wetland ecosystems and discuss their general distribution, origin, hy drolo gy, soil, and vegetation.