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Comparative dielectric study of mono, di and trihydric alcohols

Measured values of dielectric permittivity e' and dielectric loss e" of ethyl alcohol (monohydric alcohol), ethylene glycol (dihydric alcohol) and glycerol (trihydric alcohol) over the whole frequency range of dielectric absorption i..e. ∼10MHz to 20 GHz, at 25 °C have been reported. The values of e' and e" of de-ionized water have also been reported in the same frequency range. The dielectric dispersion behaviour of ethylene glycol obey the Cole-Cole model while for ethyl alcohol and water molecules it can be described by Debye model. In case of glycerol, dielectric dispersion shows the Cole-Davidson type dielectric dispersion. The static dielectric constant e 0 , high frequency limiting dielectric constant e ∞ , average relaxation time τ d , dielectric distribution parameter a or β, free energy of activation <F and Kirkwood correlation factor g have been determined for these hydrogen-bonded liquids. The values of E 0 , and τ 0 , are interpreted in terms of number of carbon atoms and the number of hydroxyl group/s present in the molecular structure. The effect of viscosity and intermolecular association on the average relaxation time of these molecules has been recognized. Intramolecular group rotations due to breaking and reforming of hydrogen bonds have also been discussed by considering the observed values of e ∞ -n D 2 (n D , square of refractive index) and the corresponding dielectric dispersion models of these liquids containing different number of hydroxyl groups in their molecular structures.