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miR-126: A Potential Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by an atherosclerotic lesion that ultimately narrows the vessel lumen, causing ischemic symptoms and cardiac dysfunction. In the pathogenesis of CAD, inflammatory responses and endothelial cell activities are claimed to be the two most critical mechanisms for the development of artery stenosis. miR-126 is one of the microRNAs that is abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, regulating inflammatory responses and endothelial cellular activities. Recently, we read with great interest the article by Wu et al. [1] published in Cardiology showing that peripheral blood mononuclear cell miR-126 predicts the risk and severity and correlates with inflammatory cytokines in patients with CAD. These findings suggest that miR-126 may serve as a potential marker for both CAD and the severity of CAD. Other studies have been carried out on this topic. Qu et al. [2] showed that miR-126–3p prevents neointimal formation of the vein graft ex vivo and in vivo. This is the first report to demonstrate that miR-126–3p exerts a vasculoprotective role in the setting of vein graft disease. In support of this, Khanaghaei et al. [3] demonstrated that circulating levels of miR-126 have prognostic implications in the detection of a higher risk of future cardiovascular events. Wang et al. [4] indicated that miR-126 expression was significantly downregulated in the circulation of CAD patients. Moreover, their findings not only suggested a potential role of miR-126 as a biomarker for CAD but also indicated miR-126 as a useful marker for the follow-up of CAD development in these patients. Collectively, the available evidence suggests a potential biomarker for CAD. Interestingly, miR-126 may serve as a potential marker for both CAD and the severity of CAD. Thus, additional human studies with a larger sample size that assess the correlation of miR-126 with angina and other clinical characteristics of CAD should be conducted in the future. The development of therapeutic agents targeting miR-126 may lead to important new innovative therapies for CAD.