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Development Method for Multi-Agent Real-Time Systems

Recent developments in multi-agent real-time systems have been promising by achieving autonomous, collaborative behavior between agents in various environments. Agents are being used in an increasingly wide variety of applications from mobile systems to complex mission control and safety systems. However current methods and tools that aid in the development of complex real-time multi-agent systems are still underdeveloped. In this paper, we propose an approach for analyzing and designing multi-agent real-time systems based on UML. The proposed approach is illustrated by an elevator example. Keyword: Multi-Agent, Real-Time System, Development Method, UML I. Introduction Agent systems are among the most complex of systems to develop [1]. The autonomy in the behaviour of the agents contributes inherently to this complexity. The tasks performed by the individual agents can be simple or complex in itself, but the agents’ autonomy makes the emergent behaviour of the complete multi-agent system both hard to design and hard to verify. Nevertheless, in many applications it is required that the agents cooperate with each other and the users in a in some sense coordinated manner. Often it is essential to analyze requirements on the behaviour of the overall multi-agent system in relation to behavioural properties of the individual agents, in order to develop a system with the right properties. New applications on the area of distributed real-time computing have added a great deal of complexity to the systems, special requirements on the dynamic adaptation to changing conditions. The development of real-time systems has been following the trend of distribution, mainly because a considerable amount of real-time applications is inherently distributed and dynamic. As example, we can name the network of electronic components in today’s automobiles. Applications on this context have requirements on flexibility and self-regulation that are not possibly addressed by the traditional development process explained above. If a failure occurs in one electronic component engaged in an activity that requires co-operation with other components, the outcome of such activity is endangered. Due to their fixed relation and lack of self-regulation, the components could not autonomously modify their run time behaviour in order overcome the problem. One centralized monitoring unit could manage all the elements, but the approach of a decentralized decision architecture has the advantage of no single point of failure and reduced flow of data and commands, due to locally made decisions. The actual development level of micro-controller electronics,