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A Numerical Investigation of Low-Level Processes in Rapid Cyclogenesis

Abstract Several physical processes and properties of the initial state that affect marine cyclogenesis are examined using a mesoscale numerical model. The sensitivity of an idealized cyclone to the effects of latent heat release, surface heat and moisture fluxes as well as the initial meridional temperature gradient and static stability is examined by comparing various numerical stimulations of cyclogenesis in a baroclinic channel-flow model. Idealized initial conditions are derived analytically and are characterized by strong low-level baroclinity and a very weak upper-level trough. These initial conditions are used to examine which factors in baroclinic cyclogenesis are most important for rapid development (1 m h−1 for 24 h or more) and how diabatic processes modify the development rate. A strong low-level meridional gradient (40°C/2000 km) and low static stability (a mean lapse rate of 6.0°C km−1) resulted in rapid development of the model cyclone. The model cyclogenesis is more sensitive to small cha...