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Resolving in situ structure of Trypanosoma brucei and insights into the functions of structural microtubules

The flagellar Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) is a kinetoplastid protist that causes African sleeping sickness and threats the livestock life. The parasite has a life cycle when it parasitizes in tsetse flies and humans. These parasites have a flagellum that is attached to the cell body that is crucial for its motility. The flagellum consists of a canonical 9 + 2 axoneme and a paraflagellar rod (PFR) and filament attached zone (FAZ). Besides, the cytoskeleton is covered with microtubules. In this paper we describe results from cryo-electron tomography of T. brucei. This method reveals novel structures of the parasite. We show two datasets in situ, revealing organelles, the microtubule array and the flagellum. Since the structures of T. brucei are essential for the pathogenesis, understanding the entire structure can fulfill the knowledge gap and provides a method for treating sleeping sickness.