{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0315031503150315, 'fraction_numerical': 0.018901890189018902, 'mean_word_length': 5.541176470588235, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Spin-wave excitations in superlattices self-assembled in multiferroic single crystals

Spin-wave excitations revealed in the dynamically equilibrated one-dimensional superlattices formed due to phase separation and charge carrier self-organization in doped single crystals of Eu0.8Ce0.2Mn2O5 and Tb0.95Bi0.05MnO3 multiferroics are discussed. Similar excitations, but having lower intensities, were also observed in undoped RMn2O5 (R=Eu, Er, Tb, Bi). This suggests that a charge transfer between manganese ions with different valences, which give rise to the superlattice formation, occurs in undoped multiferroics as well. The spin excitations observed in the native superlattices represent a set of homogeneous spin-wave resonances excited in individual superlattice layers. The positions of these resonances depend on the relation between the numbers of Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions, charge carrier concentrations, and barrier depths in the superlattice layers. It has been found that the spin-wave excitations observed in the frequency interval studied (30–50 GHz) form two spin-wave minibands with a gap between them.