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The Educational Aspects of Electronic Components and Their Related Circuits

In the modern age, it’s almost impossible to imagine a world without electronic items and devices. We take it for granted at the forefront of practical technology, improving daily-based used devices and systems from individual electronic components to the smallest circuit boards for new smartphone systems, with innovation to meet society's communication, technology and energy needs. Therefore, thousands of students, each year, are required to gain in-depth knowledge and experience of basic and high skills of electronic equipment and devices. But the fear and apprehension of the use of electronic pieces, particularly during the online teaching with the difficulties of accessing the laboratories due to the COVID-19 situation, maybe one of the problems of students as they feel that the use of these pieces is difficult and needs external expertise to do them. Nevertheless, nowadays teaching electronics and providing informative sources to a wide spectrum of students from high school, college, and university levels at different departments became an important need for capacity building and training programs. In this article, an informative review of the electronics components and devices supported with simulation results using the Proteus design suite is provided that is useful for both high-level secondary school and the wide level of undergraduate and postgraduate university students. 
The research paper has referred, as much as possible, to the hierarchy and the cognitive sequence of using these electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, diode, transistors etc. It is also referred to some electronic circuits and devices such as electronic generator, switching, amplifier that are designed and implemented using the Proteus software which taking into account the learning outcomes and most important physical parameters that can be obtained from each electronic circuit. Then a microprocessors circuits and Arduino have been provided as a compact electronic board for wide range of electronic applications.