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Preparation and Characterization of Conducting Polystyrene Graft Polyaniline

The electroactive graft of polystyrene (PS) and polyaniline (PANi) copolymer can be synthesized by chemical and electrochemical polymerization method using a polymer as precursor which contains an aniline moiety in its side chain. Poly(styrene-co-p-chloromethylstyrene), poly(S-co-PCMS), was chemically synthesized with chloromethylated styrene then copolymerized styrene by free radical mechanism. Poly(styrene-co-p-aminoanilinemethylstyrene), poly(S-co-PAAMS), was prepared chemically with poly(S-co-PCMS) and 1,4-phenylenediamine, too. Therefore, PANi grafted to PS, (PS-g- PANi) synthesized by ammonium peroxydisulfate as the oxidant and p-toluenesulfonic acid in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution with adding aniline on oxidated poly(S-co-PCMS). The formation of graft copolymer was confirmed by FT-IR, UV-visible, 1 H and 13 C-FT-NMR spectroscopy. Therefore, molecular weight and amount of PANi grafted on PS have been measured by gel permeation chromatography and elemental analysis, respectively. The thermal analysis of graft copolymer was carried out using thermogravimetic analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). The solution of poly(S-co-PAAMS) in DMSO was spin-coated on GC electrode and electrochemically polymerized in electrolytic mixture solution consisting of 0.05 M aniline, 0.1 M H2SO4 and 1 M HCl. Electrolysis constant potential showed that aniline groups in the precursor were oxidized to form PANi, that is, they acted as grafting centers at which the PANi grew. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results and conductivity measurements supported the formation of the graft copolymer. The morphological feature of PS-g-PANi copolymer film has been shown homogeneous structure, the PS/PANi composite film shows irregular structure. Electrical conductivity of copolymer has been studied