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Imagining Socialism: Karl Kautsky and Thomas More

In this article, I address the confrontation in Kautsky's study of Thomas More between historical materialism and the providential view of history of More himself. Kautsky has trouble addressing providence and history in the thought of More because of his own concern with comprehending More and Utopia in terms of historical materialism. Kautsky does take seriously More's religiosity. However, he identifies it, not with the orthodox Catholic Church, but with the popular religious feeling of the Middle Ages. In the process, Kautsky betrays his own nostalgia for a lost age of primal innocence and simplicity.