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Performance of the duckweed species Lemna gibba on municipal wastewater for effluent renovation and protein production

An outdoor experiment was conducted in miniponds to evaluate the performance of Lemna gibba, a duckweed species, as a domestic wastewater stripper. Duckweed is one of the floating plants with a high capability of ammonia uptake and assimilation rate into valuable protein. The results indicate that under adequate operational conditions, depending mainly on the organic loading, the effluent quality meets irrigation reuse criteria and protein yield of the duckweed may reach 12 ton/ha per year, far above other conventional field crops.