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Coarticulatory organization for lip rounding in Turkish and English.

A number of studies, involving English, Swedish, French, and Spanish, have shown that, for sequences of rounded vowels separated by nonlabial consonants, both EMG activity and lip protrusion diminish during the intervocalic consonant interval, producing a "trough" pattern. A two-part study was conducted to (a) compare patterns of protrusion movement (upper and lower lip) and EMG activity (orbicularis oris) for speakers of English and Turkish, a language where phonological rules constrain vowels within a word to agree in rounding and (b) determine which of two current models of coarticulation, the "look-ahead" and "coproduction" models, best explained the data. Results showed Turkish speakers producing "plateau" patterns of movement rather than troughs, and unimodal rather than bimodal patterns of EMG activity. In the second part of the study, one prediction of the coproduction model, that articulatory gestures have stable profiles across contexts, was tested by adding and subtracting movement data signals to synthesize naturally occurring patterns. Results suggest English and Turkish may have different modes of coarticulatory organization.