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The rotational magnetic process and effects of -irradiation on vortex flux pinning in Tl-2223 at low temperatures

Magnetization vector measurements were carried out in a polycrystalline sample of Tl-2223 superconductor in fixed fields at low temperatures. Demonstrating the broad distribution in the vortex flux pinning, the vortex flux density B was seen to consist of two component: the rotational component BR turns rigidly with sample rotation and the frictional component BF stays at fixed angle F relative to the applied field H. The pinning torques per vortex were calculated as a function of H at constant temperature. The -irradiated sample shows an increase in pinning torque of ratio seven to one at temperatures 4.2 K and 25 K compared to an unirradiated sample; this is due to defects induced by the gamma irradiation.