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Closure Versus Non-Closure of the Visceral Peritoneum (VP) in Patients with Gestational Hypertension—An Observational Analysis

Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide. Surgical variants include closure and non-closure of the peritoneum: in case of non-suturing the visceral peritoneum (VP), abnormal fluid collections such as blood clots may lead to formation of a hematoperitoneum. Material and Methods: In this retrospective, observational study we reviewed 1848 patients with gestational hypertension (GH) undergoing repeat and primary CS performed by non-closure of the visceral peritoneum (VP). Results: Six of these patients had major early post-CS complications: 5 patients experienced hypovolaemic shock that required urgent operative intervention. Four patients underwent repeat laparotomy and one patient was treated by laparoscopy. Conclusion: As an early major post-CS complication, hematoperitoneum occurs in cases with poor haemostasis and/or with haemodynamic disorders such as GH. A decrease in blood pressure (BP) during CS caused by spinal/epidural anaesthesia and the following BP increase in GH patients may favour bleeding complications. Closure of the VP may facilitate early detection of a subperitoneal hematoma. In contrast, hematoperitoneum may develop in cases of non-closure of the VP followed by hypovolemic shock. Early and aggressive intervention results in excellent prognosis of this complication.