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Data Centers and Energy Use - Let's Look at the Data

Data centers are prevalent in a wide range of industries, universities, and government facilities. Energy demand in these facilities is thought to be growing as computing technology changes and IT professionals seek to maximize computing per square foot of data center. In addition, a multitude of methods have been used to estimate and quantify energy intensity. As a result, there is considerable confusion over data centers’ electrical use today, and the needs for the future. Research aimed at understanding the present electrical intensity, end use, and key facility systems’ operation was undertaken with the ultimate goal of developing energy efficiency improvements in these buildings. Metrics used in this study allow comparison of the current power density of computing equipment, and provide an indicator of the efficiency of key facility systems. In addition, a metric is included to evaluate how efficiently the Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system operates to maintain satisfactory conditions for computing equipment. A review of the summary benchmark results can identify more efficient systems and practices, and can discover operational problems. The information presented can be used by data center owners, operators, and designers to understand current performance, to set design and operational criteria for new projects, to identify current best practices in design and operation, and to improve reliability. This study also identifies gaps where additional research is needed to achieve a new level of improved energy efficiency.