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Sounds Produced by the Striped Cusk-Eel Ophidion marginatum (Ophidiidae) during Courtship and Spawning

at night, on 23 July 1989, by otter trawl in Great Bay, New Jersey, and placed in a tank (1.2 m X 1.2 m X 0.9 m) with 15 cm of sand substrate. Tank contents were maintained at ambient bay water temperatures (21.5-27.5 C) and salinity (23-31 ppt) with flow-through seawater at the Rutgers University Marine Field Station. Fish were fed marsh grass shrimp (Palaemonetes vulgaris) daily. Observations were made beginning at sunset until approximately three hours after sunset from 23 July 1989 to 22 September 1989. Behavioral observations were facilitated by a red light over the tank and occasionally flashlights to observe spawning behavior. There were six males (160-193 mm TL) and three females (225-263 mm TL). Sounds were recorded in air using a Panasonic Equalizer 8-Combination Stereo Recorder using the built-in microphone. Sounds were digitized at 22 kHz and analyzed with SoundEdit Pro (Macromedia, Inc.) and SIGNAL (Engineering Design). Number of pulses and pulse periods (msec from beginning of first pulse to beginning of last pulse/number of pulses 1) were calculated for each sound. Although recordings in air outside aquaria are likely to distort individual pulse characteristics from reflections (including pulse length and frequency), the number of pulses and pulse period will be unaffected.