{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03553921568627451, 'fraction_numerical': 0.020833333333333332, 'mean_word_length': 5.142857142857143, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Maintaining One-Way Traffic

The communication between different membrane-bounded compartments in the cell is brought about by vesicles. Vesicles are generated from a donor compartment and travel to an acceptor organelle, where they will dock and fuse. Kamena and Spang show that an active mechanism exists in the cell that prevents back-fusion of newly formed vesicles with the donor membrane. This mechanism provides directionality to vesicular transport. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the TIP20 protein prevents the back-fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vesicles and could thus act as a discriminator between incoming and outgoing vesicles at the ER. F. Kamena, A. Spang, Tip20p prohibits back-fusion of COPII vesicles with the endoplasmic reticulum. Science 304, 286-289 (2004). [Abstract] [Full Text]