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Genetic influences on cellular reactions to brain injury: Activation of microglia in denervated neuropil in mice carrying a mutation (WldS) that causes delayed Wallerian degeneration

This study examines the relationship between the appearance of degenerative changes in synaptic terminals and axons and the activation of microglia in denervated neuropil regions of normal mice of the C57BL/6 strain and mutant mice (WldS), in which Wallerian degeneration is substantially delayed. The time course of degenerative changes in synaptic terminals and axons was assessed using selective silver staining. Microglial cells were identified by immunostaining for Mac‐1, a monoclonal antibody to the CR3 complement receptor, and by histochemical staining for nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase). Increased argyrophilia, indicative of degenerative changes, was evident as early as 1 day postlesion in normal mice, but was not seen until 6–8 days in mice with the WldS mutation.