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The Social and Political Consequences of Language Planning in Mozambique

At the time of Mozambique's declaration of independence from Portugal in 1975, no common language existed. Because more than eight major languages are spoken in Mozambique, leaders of the successful revolution decided to utilize Portuguese as one way to unify the citizens and to bring about a new Mozambican identity. This study addresses effects of the introduction of Portuguese (the innovation) championed by a powerful change agent (the governing revolution ary leaders) on a populace (the targeted audience) that was no more than 7% literate in the language. Relationships between national language policies and popular language usage in Mozambique are discussed.