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Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: 7-year outcomes.

BACKGROUND
The role of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in the management of renal masses has exponentially grown over the past 10 years. Nevertheless, data on long term outcomes of the procedure remains limited. Herein we report oncological and functional outcomes of patients who underwent RAPN for a malignant mass with a median follow-up of 7-yr, the longest follow-up to date.


METHODS
A retrospective analysis of an international multicenter database was performed. All consecutive patients undergoing surgery between 2009 and 2013 with a minimum of 3-yr follow-up and complete data on renal function were included. Demographics, surgical and perioperative outcomes were analyzed. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.


RESULTS
Overall, our study cohort was composed of eighty-five patients with a median follow-up of 88mo. Median clinical tumor size was 3cm, with mostly (74.1%) clinical stage T1a, and median R.E.N.A.L. score 6. Final histopathologic analysis revealed clear cell RCC in 76.5% of cases. PSM was present in 7 patients (8.2%). Eleven overall deaths (12.9%) occurred in the cohort during the follow-up period. Two of these (2.33%) were attributed to metastatic RCC. The OS, CSS, and DFS rates were 91.7, 97.7, and 91.7% at 84mo, respectively. Regarding the renal functional outcomes, seventeen patients (20.1%) presented a CKD upstaging in our cohort.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings show excellent 7-year oncologic and functional outcomes of the procedure, which duplicate those achieved in historical series of open and laparoscopic surgery.