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Asset Prices and Business Cycles with Financial Frictions

Existing dynamic general equilibrium models have not been fully successful at explaining the high volatility of asset prices that we observe in the data. We construct a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms and financial frictions that addresses this issue. In each period only a fraction of firms can start new projects, which cannot be fully financed externally due to a financial constraint. We allow the tightness of the financial constraint to vary over time. Fluctuations in the tightness of the financial constraint result in fluctuations in the supply of equity and consequently in the price of equity. We calibrate the model to the U.S. data to assess the quantitative importance of fluctuations in the tightness of the financial constraint. The model generates a volatility in the price of equity comparable to the aggregate stock market while also fitting key aspects of the behavior of aggregate quantities.