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Direction Concepts in Wayfinding Assistance Systems

We report new findings about the mental representation of direction concepts and how these findings may revise formal models of spatial reasoning and navigation assistance systems. Research on formal models of direction concepts has a long tradition in AI. While early models where designed for unstructured space, for example, reasoning about cardinal directions, research on the influence of context has questioned the universal applicability of these models; mental direction concepts in city street networks differ from those in sea or air navigation. We investigated direction concepts at intersections in city street networks by using methods from cognitive psychology for eliciting conceptual knowledge. The results are used to modify the direction concepts employed in our wayfinding assistance framework. Within this framework it is possible to use abstract conceptualizations and to externalize them in different formats, for example, verbal or pictorial. Hence, this research may influence both, verbal and pictorial route directions and, additionally, the transfer from one into the other.