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Effects of General Anesthesia on Intraocular Pressure in Rabbits.

Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a standard procedure in ophthalmic research in animals, specifically in glaucomaresearch, and the control of IOP is essential during certain veterinary ophthalmic surgeries. We evaluated the effect of isoflurane on IOP in the clinically healthy laboratory rabbits and tested a way to minimize the alteration of IOP duringisoflurane anesthesia. After measurement of the baseline IOP in each eye of 9 awake New Zealand white rabbits, animals were anesthetized by using either: (1) isoflurane without premedication, (2) a combination of ketamine and xylazine, or (3)isoflurane inhalation after an injection of ketamine-xylazine premedication. Isoflurane led to a sustained increase in IOP ofapproximately 12 mm Hg. In contrast, ketamine and xylazine decreased IOP by nearly 5 mm Hg (all values compared withbaseline measurements in awake, unrestrained animals). The observed decrease in IOP after ketamine-xylazine anesthesiais consistent with anesthetic effects generally seen during anesthesia in other studies. The increased IOP after isofluraneanesthesia in rabbits in this study was an unexpected result that appears to be specific to this combination of anesthetic andanimal species. Premedication with ketamine-xylazine diminished the effect of isoflurane inhalation on IOP. These resultsshould be considered in the design of ophthalmic research studies using rabbits and in intraocular surgery where IOP stabilityis desired.