{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04697986577181208, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0022371364653243847, 'mean_word_length': 4.59375, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Modeling Round-the-Clock Price Discovery for Cross-Listed Stocks Using State Space Methods

U.S. trading in non-U.S. stocks has grown dramatically. Round-the-clock, these stocks trade in the home market, in the U.S. market and, potentially, in both markets simultaneously. We develop a general methodology based on a state space model to study 24-hour price discovery in a multiple markets setting. As opposed to the standard variance ratio approach, this model deals naturally with (i) simultaneous quotes in an overlap, (ii) missing observations in a non-overlap, (iii) noise due to transitory microstructure effects, and (iv) contemporaneous correlation in returns due to market-wide factors. We apply our model to Dutch stocks, cross-listed in the U.S. Our findings suggest a minor role for the NYSE in price discovery for Dutch shares, in spite of its non-trivial and growing market share.