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Monarchy and empire in the age of mass photography

Between 31 August and 6 September 1923, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands marked her silver jubilee, the 25th anniversary of her inauguration. The week-long festivities united disparate populations across the globe, not just in the Netherlands but throughout its empire, which included Suriname and the West Indies in the Atlantic realm, and the East Indies in South-east Asia. The milestone also resonated across the Indian Ocean in places that had not been part of the Dutch colonial world for over a century, including Cape Town in southern Africa, an important former port of call for Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (United East India Company) ships on their way to the East Indies. 1 Throughout Wilhelmina ’ s reign, from 1898 to 1948, the Dutch monarchy could therefore claim links to a global community of subjects that rivalled those of other European empires. Among the many gifts Wilhelmina received from her subjects in the Netherlands and its colonies on this occasion was a photograph album from the King of Surakarta in the East Indies. 2 Pakubuwono X ’ s title was susuhunan , Javanese for ‘Axis of the Cosmos’. In reality, his kingdom was little more than a palace and its surrounds in the city of Solo, Central Java, where he was one among several royals, all of whom had been subjugated to Dutch rule at the end of the Java War in 1830. It was for this reason that the King of Surakarta was obliged to celebrate the regnal milestones of a Dutch queen – in his own kraton (palace), no less, and in concert with a commoner, the Resident, a Dutch civil servant with whom the susuhunan ceremonially shared his throne on offi cial occasions. Looking through the pages of the album, Queen Wilhelmina would have had an opportunity to see this for herself. A photograph of Pakubuwono X, the Dutch offi cial J. J. van Helsdingen and their respective wives all enthroned on the bale buko sri came after a fulllength portrait of the susuhunan and a photograph of the pavilion in CHAPTER ONE