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Evaluation of sediment stratification and classification of alkali soils in the Chitravathi river basin, Andhra Pradesh.

Three representative alluvial soils developed in the basin of Chitravathi river in Cuddapah district were examined to understand the effects of intermittent sediment stratification for the development of strong alkalinity and changes in morphological and textural characteristics. The soil morphology displayed low contrast in the solum with gradual change in the B horizon from slight colour to mini­ mal textural contrast. The soil development ind~x based on morphology indicated that the process of profile development is in the order of Penzuvi (P2) > lammalamadugu (PI) and Chautupalli soils (P3). The soils were classified under three textural groups on the basis of profile textural formulae and denoted as 'Bs' sequence in Penzuvi (P2), 'A' sequence in Chautupalli (P3) and 'X' sequence in lammalamadugu soils (P I). The vertical textural properties as defined in terms of sand ratios and the difference in sand/silt ratios in successive layers were employed to understand the effects of intermit­ tent sediment stratification and mode of deposition. The results suggested that the sand ratios are sensitive indicators of depositional stratigraphy than total sand. The alkalinity in soils of Chitravathi basin resulted due to perched water table developed in colluvial deposits enriched in alkaline earth carbonates and subsequent accumulations of exchangeable sodium on exchange complex due to evaporative demand. Based on morphology, physical and chemical characteristics, these soils are classified under the subgroups of Aridisols.