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Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is a critical mediator of IL‐13‐driven allergic inflammation

Both thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL‐13 are essential cytokines for the development of allergic inflammation. However, a causal link between TSLP and IL‐13 has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether IL‐13 induces TSLP expression and whether the induction contributes to the development of allergic inflammation. We found that IL‐13 induced TSLP expression in mouse nasal tissue specimens in a Stat6‐dependent manner. In addition, intranasal challenge of mice with IL‐13 induced TSLP expression in the nasal epithelium. Importantly, intranasal IL‐13 challenge induced eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia in the nasal mucosa in mice, which was inhibited by the blockade of TSLP activity with anti‐TSLP Ab. These findings suggest that TSLP is an important mediator of IL‐13‐driven allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa. Taken together with the recent findings that IL‐13 is a critical downstream element for TSLP‐driven allergic inflammation, TSLP may function both upstream and downstream of IL‐13, thus providing an additional rationale as to why TSLP plays such a central role in the development of allergic inflammation.