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Resistance but not endurance exercise training induces changes in cerebrovascular function in healthy young subjects.

AIM
It is generally considered that regular exercise maintains brain health and reduces the risk of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and dementia. Since the benefits of different 'types' of exercise are unclear, we sought to compare the impacts of endurance and resistance training on cerebrovascular function.


METHODS
In a randomized and cross-over design, 68 young healthy adults were recruited to participate in 3-months of resistance and endurance training. Cerebral hemodynamics through the internal carotid, vertebral, middle and posterior cerebral arteries were measured using Duplex ultrasound and transcranial Doppler at rest and during acute exercise, dynamic autoregulation and cerebrovascular reactivity (to hypercapnia).


RESULTS
Following resistance, but not endurance training, middle cerebral artery velocity and pulsatility index significantly decreased (P<0.01 and P=0.02, respectively), while mean arterial pressure and cerebrovascular resistance in the middle, posterior and internal carotid arteries all increased (P<0.05). Cerebrovascular resistance in response to acute exercise and hypercapnia also significantly increased following resistance (P=0.02), but not endurance training.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings, which were consistent across multiple domains of cerebrovascular function, suggest that episodic increases in arterial pressure associated with resistance training may increase cerebrovascular resistance. The implications of long-term resistance training on brain health require future study, especially in populations with pre-existing cerebral hypoperfusion and/or hypotension.