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Study of bank protection structures on the Kuma river in Stavropol Territory

Purpose: substantiation of the required width of a stable channel while carrying out bank protection works on the Kuma river near the town Zelenokumsk Stavropol Territory. The analysis of the river feeding conditions in the design area is carried out, the main reasons for the erosion-accumulative processes of the Kuma river in the central part of Zelenokumsk, Stavropol Territory are considered. Materials and methods. The considered basin of the Kuma river is located in two natural zones – the foothills of the North Caucasus and the steppes of the Ciscaucasia, that affects the stable groundwater feed and the flood regime in the warm season due to heavy rainfall. Spring flood is not observed here due to the gradual snow melting along the high-altitude zones, therefore, there is a gradual transition from the winter runoff low period to the high-water-flood period. As a result of double feeding, the originality of the water regime of the Kuma basin rivers is formed, in which spring floods, multi-peak summer floods and a stable autumn-winter low-water period are combined. Results. The width of the stable channel was checked by Altunin's recommendations, and the fastening options based on the available morphometric characteristics were assigned. Conclusions. The gabion structure has an excellent quality of stability, that is, the structure can help the plant fixation or the vegetation reproduction within the structural frame. Root growth actually helps the structure to become more stable. Consequently, the operation process of such structures improves the ecosystem. Besides, the gabion construction regulates the environment in terms of climate and humidity. A good design can effectively regulate the velocity of the flowing water, increasing the roughness, thus minimizing the probability of flooding.