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Unsynchronized translational and rotational diffusion of nanocargo on a living cell membrane.

A robust high-speed and high-precision single nanoparticle translational and rotational tracking method has been developed to directly monitor the interactions between transferrin-modified nanocargos (gold nanorods) and the membrane proteins prior to endocytosis. This approach shows that the translational and rotational diffusions of nanocargos on living cell membranes are unsynchronized in space and in time.