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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL OF PARENTS WITH AGGRESSION IN CHILDREN IN PUNITIVE AND NON-PUNITIVE FAMILIES IN MASHHAD

This study examined the relationship between internal and external locus of control of parents with aggression in children in punitive and non-punitive families. The method of this study was descriptive and correlational type. The statistic population in this study included parents of children, male and female (age group 12 to 15 years) living in the city of Mashhad that were 24000 families. The 340 families of statistic population were selected as sample by random sampling and using Cochran formula. Research samples were assessed by using questionnaires Rutter locus of control and aggression. The results of the analysis showed that there is relationship between internal locus of control of parents and children aggression in punitive families, and there is relationship between external locus of control of parents and children aggression in punitive families, there is not a relationship between internal locus of control of parents and children aggression in non-punitive families, there is relationship between external locus of control of parents and children aggression in non-punitive families, there is relationship between internal locus of control of parents and children aggression in punitive and non-punitive families, there is relationship between external locus of control of parents and children aggression in punitive and non-punitive families, there is a significant difference in aggression between punitive family and non-punitive family, there is a significant difference in external locus of control between punitive family and non-punitive family, and there is a significant difference in internal locus of control between punitive family and non-punitive family.


INTRODUCTION
When the violent reaction occurs, other family members' behavior will provoke aggressive behavior. For example, when a brother shout at his sister, the sister screams and insults him.
Then the brother hit her and the problem continues. All this shows that parents can have a stable behavior for rewarding and punishing their children and by using effective ways without severe punishment, control their children aggression andretraining children in short periods is relatively possible (Shams, 2010).
Children are more vulnerable than other members of society, misbehaving with children includes wide range of harmful behaviors such as not meet basic needs, child abuse, verbal and corporeal punishment, harassment, and emotional and sexual abuse (Ayin, 2005).
Corporal punishment involves the use of physical force to cause pain without injury to train (corrected or controlling behavior) in children (Gofin, et al, 2009). In corporeal punishment usually they hit children with hands or an object, such as wood stick, belts, and whips on some parts of the body like hands or buttock or using a hot object to burn children. Corporal punishment is used in many different cultures to control and correct children's behavior (Wolrich et al, 1998). Corporal punishment is forms of child abuse and domestic violence, which violates children's rights and have short-term and long-term adverse effects on children's minds and bodies (Lopez et al, 2000).
Locus of control is a person belief in problem-solving abilities and talents or belief in luck and external factors and as a result having passive environmental conditions. Locus of control is how to search information in environment and type of information processing in the events and issues. The concept of locus of control is presented in Rutter Theory. Rutter refers to both external and internal assumptions to express the concept of locus of control. The group is generally refer their successes and failures to themselves (effort or personal ability) are called people with internal locus of control the second group usually refer their successes and failures to outside factors or difficult situations and bad fortunes of the day are called people with external locus of control (Khounejad, 2008).
In Iran, Mohammadi (2011), in study as consequences of corporal punishment achieved the following results: there is a significant relationship between corporal punishment and boys' aggression. There is a direct significant relationship between corporal punishment and girls' depression. There is a significant relationship between corporal punishment and academic failure in both genders.
Malakpour (2010), in a study about the relationship of punishment and self-expression in children and adolescents showed there is a significant relationship between weakness of self-presentation and punishment of a child or adolescent. As it can be seen, this is an inverse relationship, i.e. increasing the punishment on children has reduced the amount of their selfpresentation tactics.
Ghasemi et al. (1386), in a study explores some behavioral problems as a result of corporal punishment by parents of primary school children that housewives and lower educated use corporal punishment and behavioral problems such as verbal and action aggression and, isolation and lack of cooperation in children who were punished by their parents was significantly higher than those who were not punished.
Exploring the relationship between internal and external locus of control parents and their effect on the children's aggression was the cause of researchers attempt to deal with the subject. The answers to all these questions and the findings would be of great help to researchers in this field and by providing the results in papers and magazines can raise the community awareness of the harmful effects children's punishment and take a major step forward in promoting the culture of society.
The main question in this research is that; what is the relationship between internal and The above table indicates that the relationship between aggression and locus of control locus in separation of control (internal and external) and family (punitive and non-punitive). The test except in a case where the relationship of aggression with internal locus of control and non-punitive family (significant levels α= 0.535 is bigger than the specified value p= 0.535) is accepted in other items.  Homogeneity test of variables is used to analyze the results of the hypotheses, as it is shown in Table 4-11, the significant level of 0.001 is less than acceptable value, α = 0.05, thus it is concluded that there is a significant difference in aggression between non-punitive and punitive families. The mean of aggression point in two groups is 72.28 for non-punitive and 88.67 for punitive that indicates there is a significant difference.
Eighth Hypothesis: There is a difference between external locus of control of non-punitive and punitive families. Homogeneity test of variables is used to analyze the results of the hypotheses, as it is shown in Table 4-12, the significant level of 0.009 is less than acceptable value, α = 0.05, thus it is concluded that there is a significant difference between external locus of control of non-punitive and punitive families. The mean of external locus of control point in two groups is 15.20 for non-punitive and 14.35 for punitive that indicates there is a significant difference Ninth Hypothesis: There is a difference between internal locus of control of non-punitive and punitive families. Homogeneity test of variables is used to analyze the results of the hypotheses, as it is shown in Table 4-13, the significant level of 0.002 is less than acceptable value, α = 0.05, thus it is concluded that there is a significant difference between internal locus of control of non-punitive and punitive families. The mean of external locus of control point in two groups is 13.69 for non-punitive and 14.67 for punitive that indicates there is a significant difference. non-punitive families will have children with low aggression, the external locus of control in non-punitive families affect children's aggression; parents with more tendencies towards internal locus of control will have children with low aggression; parents with more tendencies towards external locus of control will have children with high aggression; there is a significant difference between aggression and punitive and non-punitive families; there is a significant difference between external locus of control between punitive and non-punitive families; there is a significant difference between internal locus of control between punitive and non-punitive families.