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Senecanism and the “Sulla” Operas of Handel and Mozart

Although Seneca did not write a tragedy titled Sulla, he might easily have done so. Lucius Cornelius Sulla, to whom Plutarch applied the Homeric epithet megav lauco" (“very arrogant”), returned to Italy in 84 B.C.E. from a successful campaign in the eastern Mediterranean against Mithridates of Pontus. He defeated the populist forces of Caius Marius and his followers, and imposed his prosenatorial will on Rome, in part by the expedient of slaughtering as many of his opponents as possible, either in battle or through the notorious proscriptions, by which he encouraged the murder of hundreds of his political enemies through the agency of bounty hunters. He subsequently governed Rome as autocrat, then laid down his power and retired to his villa until 79 B.C.E., when, according to Plutarch, he died devoured by worms that emerged in disgusting profusion from his skin.1 His life, particularly as reported by Plutarch, is