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Design of oil consumption measuring system to determine the effects of evolving oil sump composition over time on diesel engine performance and emissions

The automotive industry is currently struggling because of the increasingly stricter emissions standards that will take effect in the near future. Diesel engine emissions are of particular interest because they are still less understood than gasoline powered internal combustion engines. On the solid side of the exhaust emissions picture, particulates, or Soot and Ash, play the most important part. It has been found that ash is mostly a product of the fuel and oil composition. An oil consumption measuring system is then necessary if the relationship between oil consumption and ash increase in the sump oil and exhaust system is to be properly determined. This Thesis project consisted of experimentally measuring the variation of oil sump composition of a single-cylinder diesel generator set during a continuous running, steady state test. This was measured using ICP-AES (ICP-OES) elemental analysis technique, and the Total Base Number for the oil was also determined. An effective and reduced cost oil consumption and replenishing system was developed with this purpose. The oil composition analysis demonstrated that the concentration of inorganic/metallic compounds (Ca, P, Zn, Mg) that contribute to ash increased throughout the test, jointly with oil consumption. The oil consumption measuring system developed was also found to be fairly accurate; with an approximate 2.2% error, probably due to oil hold-up. These results were then used to determine the possible effects of oil composition and oil consumption on Ash emissions and exhaust aftertreatment technologies. Thesis Supervisor: Victor Wong Title: Lecturer of Mechanical Engineering