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Characterization of windblown sand transport in open field conditions through wind-sand tunnel testing and computational simulation

Aeolian sediment transport in desert and sandy coastal environments affects civil structures and infrastructures, such as pipelines, industrial facilities, towns, single buildings, farms, roads, and railways [1]. The wind flow interacts with surface-mounted obstacles of any kind inducing sand erosion, transport, and sedimentation around them. This can lead to detrimental effects such as the loss of functionality of the endangered structure or infrastructure, or even danger for users when structural failure is involved [2]. In order to cope with the effects above, the demand for the characterization of aeolian sand transport and the design of Sand Mitigation Measures (SMMs) has grown in the last decade and is expected to further increase in the next years [1]. The multiphase and multiscale nature of the aeolian flow ranging from the sand grain diameters to the obstacle characteristic lengths make the problem only tractable by means of physical experiments and computational simulations. On the one hand, in-situ full scale field tests are expensive, timeconsuming, and subject to environmental setup conditions difficult to control. On the other hand, numerical models shall be carefully validated against physical experiments. Hence, experimental Wind-Sand Tunnel Tests (WSTTs) are often carried out.