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Ultrasonically determined thickness of long cortical bones

Recent experimental studies have shown that an ultrasonically determined thickness (U‐Th), based on a fit between measured and theoretical velocity of a fundamental flexural guided wave, correlated significantly with the cortical thickness (C‐Th) of human radius bones. In this study, suitability of the theoretical model for fitting with experimental results for bones was evaluated. Numerical model, based on 3‐D x‐ray reconstructions of human radii (n=29), was developed, and wave propagation was simulated using the finite‐difference method. In spite of variations in cortical thickness along the propagation path, a wave mode consistent with A0 Lamb mode was identified, and U‐Th (2.7±0.6 mm) was indeed strongly correlated (r2=0.90, p<0.001) with C‐Th (3.0±0.6 mm) (2D results). Three‐dimensional simulations were then performed yielding similar results. These results were in good accordance with the previous in vitro experiments. Particularly, slight variation in geometry of bone did not affect too strongly th...