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Tridentine Justification as an Ethical Premise

The second volume of the new series, Woodstock Studies, generated by Jesuit scholarship at the Woodstock Theological Center in Washington, appeared this year under the expressive title, The Faith That Does Justice.* Although concentration of the book's nine essays on the theme this title represents was originally stimulated by internal concerns of the Jesuit order, the book's relevance is not narrowly domestic, and it represents one of the all-too-rare attempts by Catholic academic theologians to produce something that might be described with full seriousness as moral theology. Broadly speaking, the book is concerned to explore the relationship of Christian faith to Christian morals. Thus stated, the subject is clearly an ancient one, extensively treated and even, in a sense, debated, within the New Testament itself. Nevertheless, during much of the history of Christian theology this topic has been viewed in an unfortunately limited perspective. The contexts especially of Pauline vs Jewish, Augustinian vs Pelagian, and Lutheran vs Catholic polemics have had the effect of focussing theological attention on competing theories about the respective sufficiency, mutual necessity, or relative priority of faith and morals with respect to individual salvation. In the modern era, Protestants have labored in various ways to maintain the validity of sola fide while at the same time excluding crudely antinomian implications.1 Catholics, having made the dogmas of merit and of growth in grace a theological warrant for moral effort, have for the most part directed that effort with little further recourse to theological principles. As a result, what Catholics