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The crystal structures and Raman spectra of aravaipaite and calcioaravaipaite

Abstract The original structure determination for aravaipaite, Pb3AlF9(H2O), indicated it to be monoclinic, P21/n, with a = 25.048(4), b = 5.8459(8), c = 5.6505(7) Å, β = 94.013(3)°, V = 829.7(2) Å3, and Z = 4. Examination of additional crystal fragments from the same specimen revealed that some have a triclinic cell, P1̅, with a = 5.6637(1), b = 5.8659(1), c = 12.7041(9) Å, α = 98.725(7)°, β = 94.020(7)°, γ = 90.683(6)°, V = 416.04(3) Å3, and Z = 2. The topology of the structure is the same as that reported previously, but the structure refinement is significantly improved, with R1 = 0.0263 for 1695 observed reflections [Fo > 4σF] and 0.0306 for all 1903 reflections, and with the H atoms located. Twinning may be responsible for the original monoclinic cell or the two structures could be order-disorder (OD) polytypes. New X-ray diffraction data collected on a crystal of calcioaravaipaite, PbCa2Al(F,OH)9, showed it to be triclinic, P1, with a = 5.3815(3), b = 5.3846(3), c = 12.2034(6) Å, α = 91.364(2)°, β = 101.110(3)°, γ = 91.525(3)°, V = 346.72(3) Å3, and Z = 2. This cell is essentially identical to the reduced cell reported in conjunction with an earlier structure solution on a twinned crystal using the OD approach. Our study confirms the findings of the earlier study and significantly improves upon the earlier structure refinement, yielding R1 = 0.0195 for 2257 observed reflections [Fo > 4σF] and 0.0227 for all 2427 reflections. The structures of aravaipaite and calcioaravaipaite are based upon square-packed layers of F atoms on either side of which are bonded Pb atoms (in aravaipaite) or Ca atoms (in calcioaravaipaite) in fluorite-type configurations. These layers parallel to (001) serve as templates to which on both sides are attached AlF6 octahedra and PbF6(H2O)2 polyhedra (in aravaipaite) or PbF12 polyhedra (in calcioaravaipaite). The Pb2+ cations in these structures have stereoactive 6s2 lone-electron-pairs, manifest in off-center coordinations. The very different sizes of the Pb2+ and Ca2+ cations yield fluorite-type layers with very different metrics, reflected in the a and b cell dimensions of the two structures; but more significantly, the lone-pair effect results in a very irregular template of F atoms peripheral to the fluorite-type layer in aravaipaite, while the F atoms peripheral to the fluorite-type layer in calcioaravaipaite are in a more regular, nearly planar array. As a result, the interlayer AlF6 octahedra and PbF6(H2O)2 polyhedra in aravaipaite form a relatively open configuration, while the AlF6 octahedra and PbF12 polyhedra in calcioaravaipaite form a more tightly packed configuration containing no H2O molecules. The Raman spectra of aravaipaite and calcioaravaipaite are consistent with the results of the structure studies, except that the spectrum of calcioaravaipaite exhibits the strong bands typically associated with OH stretching vibrations, while the structure refinement is most consistent with full occupancy of all anion sites by only F