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The association between glycaemic level and lipid profile with Albuminuria in Iraqi type 2 diabetes patients - A cross sectional study.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the risk factors associated with diabetes on parameters of diabetic nephropathy represented by albuminuria level.


Method
The case-control cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Diabetes Centre for Treatment and Research, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, from October 2019 to March 2020, and comprised adult diabetes patients of either gender who were divide into 3 groups depending on urine albumin/creatinine ratio as normal albuminuria group A, microalbuminuria group B and macroalbuminuria group C. Besides, healthy subjects were enrolled in control group D. Urine albumin/creatinine ratio was tested using urinary test strips, while glycated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were tested in the laboratory. Body mass index of each subject was also measured. Data was analysed using Graph Pad Prism 8.0.2.


RESULTS
Of the 133 subjects, 100(75.2%) were diabetes patients and 33(24.8%) were controls. Among the cases, 60(60%) were in group A with a mean age of 61.27±7.64 years; 37(61.7%) females and 23(38.3%) males; 21(21%) were in group B with a mean age of 59.48±7.63 years; 8(38%) females and 13(62%) males; and 19(19%) were in group C with a mean age of 62.79±9.73 years; 7(37%) females and 12(63%) males. Among the controls in groups D, there were 20(%) females and 13(%) males with an overall mean age of 54.36±10.94 years. Among the cases, 40(40%) had some degree of diabetic nephropathy. Glycated haemoglobin and fasting blood glucose were significantly higher among the cases and were strongly positively correlated with albuminuria microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (p<0.01). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were positively correlated with macroalbuminuria, while high-density lipoprotein was negatively correlated with albumin/creatinine ratio in microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Diabetic subjects with nephropathy usually had poor glycaemic control with dyslipidaemia.