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Heating Rates in Mid-Latitude Cirrus Cloud Calculated from Retrieved Cirrus Microphysical Properties

Cirrus clouds affect the surface and top-of-atmosphere energy budgets strongly through albedo and greenhouse effects, and can produce large local variations in atmospheric heating with heating at cloud bottom and cooling at cloud top (Liou 1986; Webster and Stephens 1980). Starr and Cox (1985) found that radiative modulation of local buoyancy through horizontal structure affects the structure and bulk properties of cirrus. Ackerman et al. (1988) have indicated that heating rates in tropical anvils are more sensitive to the assumed ice water content (IWC), but also are affected by the vertical distribution of IWC and the anvil thickness. The studies of heating rates in cirrus clouds were mainly based on limited observational data. The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program data stream provides our capability to study this problem based on a more reliable large dataset. Cirrus IWC and size profiles can be retrieved from lidar, radiometer, and radar measurements (Matrosov et al. 1992; Mace et al. 1998; Wang and Sassen 2002a). The lidar-radar algorithm is applied to Raman lidar and millimeter wave cloud radar (MMCR) measurements at Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site and generated ~1000 hrs of cirrus cloud microphysical properties (Wang and Sassen 2002a, 2002b). Based on this dataset and a broadband radiative transfer model (Fu et al. 1997, 1998), heating rates in midlatitude cirrus cloud are calculated. The dependencies of cloud layer mean heating rates and the maximum difference within cloud layer on cirrus ice water path (IWP), absorption optical depth, and layer mean size are provided.