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Reel seeding unit of a grain seeder and factors affecting seeding of set rates

Sowing is very important in the general complex of technological operations and methods in the cultivation of grain crops. It is known that the yield of agricultural crops by 25-30% depends on the quality of sowing. The main purpose of sowing is to provide optimal conditions for seed germination, and further development of plants, which mainly depend on the optimal combination of three factors: water-air, air and heat. The study of the process of sowing seeds with reel sowing machines is a very urgent task considering the widespread use of row sowing. It is not enough to judge the uniformity of sowing seeds only by the uniformity of the grain stream leaving the apparatus, because when moving along the seed tube and the coulter tube, the seeds somewhat change their relative position. The influence of the seed tube affects the alignment of the jet, if it comes out unevenly from the ejector. But in both cases, it is necessary to have some criterion for judging the uniformity of the grain streams coming out of the apparatus directly and from the coulter. This article discusses the factors influencing the uniformity of the given norms of seed material by coil sowing machines, carried out in the research laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Mechanization of the KabardinoBalkarian State Agrarian University. The determination of these factors makes it possible to identify the main patterns of movement and fall of seeds, the speed of seeds necessary to solve the problem of choosing the main design parameters of the sowing machine, seed tube, seed distributor. Bulk material can be thrown out in a continuous stream or discontinuously, that is, in large or small portions or individual grains. The reel metering unit with a shiftable reel, which we have chosen, has received the greatest distribution. GOST provides for the production of several types (sizes) of devices for sowing grain seeds and small grass seeds. The rotating grooved coil captures and ejects from the device not only the seeds located in the grooves, but also the seeds lying nearby, entraining them due to friction forces. The article presents the results of a study of the uniformity of sowing by coil sowing machines when sowing given norms.