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Disodium cromoglycate is neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic in mammalian cells in vitro.

The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of disodium cromoglycate on mammalian cells were investigated. We used two types of hamster cells, a primary culture of Syrian hamster embryo cells and the cell line V79-4. Cytotoxicity was studied by using proliferation and plating efficiency assays. No toxic effect of disodium cromoglycate on hamster cells in the tested concentration range (2.4-48 microM) was observed. The growth of treated V79 cells was slightly stimulated during proliferation compared with control cells. This stimulation was not observed in the stationary phase of growth. Plating experiments confirmed that disodium cromoglycate has no cytotoxic effect on V79 cells. The genotoxicity of disodium cromoglycate (up to concentration 96 microM) was studied in both cell types using two assays, the DNA synthesis inhibition test and alkaline DNA unwinding with hydroxyapatite chromatography. In V79 cells, disodium cromoglycate had no effect on DNA synthesis. In Syrian hamster embryo cells disodium cromoglycate acts as a mild metabolic inhibitor of DNA synthesis. This effect is reversible. No single-strand breaks were found after treatment with disodium cromoglycate in either cell type. These results confirm that disodium cromoglycate is without cytotoxic effect (up to 48 microM) and, furthermore, lacks genotoxicity at least up to 96 microM.