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The chemokine interleukin‐8 acutely reduces Ca2+ currents in identified cholinergic septal neurons expressing CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptor mRNAs

The chemokine IL‐8 is known to be synthesized by glial cells in the brain. It has traditionally been shown to have an important role in neuroinflammation but recent evidence indicates that it may also be involved in rapid signaling in neurons. We investigated how IL‐8 participates in rapid neuronal signaling by using a combination of whole‐cell recording and single‐cell RT‐PCR on dissociated rat septal neurons. We show that IL‐8 can acutely reduce Ca2+ currents in septal neurons, an effect that was concentration‐dependent, involved the closure of L‐ and N‐type Ca2+ channels, and the activation of Giα1 and/or Giα2 subtype(s) of G‐proteins. Analysis of the mRNAs from the recorded neurons revealed that the latter were all cholinergic in nature. Moreover, we found that all cholinergic neurons that responded to IL‐8, expressed mRNAs for either one or both IL‐8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. This is the first report of a chemokine that modulates ion channels in neurons via G‐proteins, and the first demonstration that mRNAs for CXCR1 are expressed in the brain. Our results suggest that IL‐8 release by glial cells in vivo may activate CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors on cholinergic septal neurons and acutely modulate their excitability by closing calcium channels.