{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.009696969696969697, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.661290322580645, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 1, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Political Developments in Urban School Districts

This chapter describes and analyzes events leading up to the demand for decentralization of large-city school districts, focusing particularly upon the experiences of New York and Los Angeles. Identification of common patterns in developments associated with the movement toward decentralization and community control provides a basis for proposing further topics in the area of school district government whose relevance to problems facing policy-makers suggests that they should be the object of additional research. By way of introduction, recent demands for the restructuring of city school systems are contrasted with the press for greater centralization in the first decades of the century and with more recent proposals for metropolitan-wide administration of schools.