{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.020289855072463767, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005797101449275362, 'mean_word_length': 5.639423076923077, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Microvascular Changes in Venous Hypertension due to Varicose Veins After Standardized Application of Essaven Gel

The involvement of the microvascular structure in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) causes venous hypertensive microangiopathy (VHM), which leads to venous ulceration. VHM is char acterized by enlarged and ramified capillaries, increased flux and capillary permeability, edema, and altered function of microlymphatics. TcPO2 is decreased and CO2 increased. This perfu sional paradox is caused by hyperperfusion in the deep skin layers with hypoperfusion of superficial nutritional capillaries. Exchanges in the capillary bed are altered. Nutritional skin alterations eventually lead to venous ulceration. Edema is the consequence of increased capillary pressure, reduced clearance, and by an increased exchange surface of capillaries. The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the effect of local treatment with Essaven gel (EG) in 22 subjects with VHM due to severe varicose veins, treated with a single application. Measurements of flux, PO2 and PCO2 in standardized conditions of applica tion indicated a significant decrease of the abnormally increased flux and CO2; PO2 increased in the treatment group. Essaven gel, in comparison with placebo and controls acutely improves the microcirculation in VHM even with a single application.