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Adaptation of Cultivated Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) and Their Wild Relatives in Mexico

In a global climate change scenario, climate-resilient varieties are needed. This research aimed to identify possible shifts in suitable zones of adaptation of two predominant cultivated Mexican species of amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus and A. hypochondriacus) and their two possible wild relatives (A. hybridus and A. powellii) using DIVA-GIS with two different climatic databases. The first model used a current climatic database named WorldClim. The second model accounted for global climate change to obtain the predicted future suitable regions of adaptation using a CCM3 model. This research was performed to elucidate the best possible suitable areas to establish plantations and in vivo germplasm banks, and to predict migration pattern of these species. Our research suggests that the cultivated species of amaranth and their wild relatives had differences among their current and predicted suitable regions of adaptation. Temperature would be the main climatic variable affected. In predicted model, all species examined were more frequent in regions with higher temperature when compared to the current model. However, only A. powellii had a change in annual precipitation frequency in both models. A. hybridus could be a potential new genetic source for amaranth adaptation to potential climatic regions because it showed wider adaptation than the cultivated species.