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Toward Automated Smart Ships: Designing Effective Cyber Risk Management

With the development of ICT technology, it has become common for ships to always be connected to the Internet, and the communication between ships and shores increased rapidly. However, the constant connection of ships to the Internet has also increased the risk of cyber-attacks such as malware infection and unauthorized access to internal networks. However, it is difficult to reduce the risk of cyber-attacks to zero, so it is important to consider countermeasures under the assumption that everyone is vulnerable to cyber-attacks. In this paper, we discuss attack scenarios that can be used for cybersecurity risk management. Finally, we propose a secure ship network topology for the realization of autonomous ship operations.