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[The place of endoscopic transpapillary (peroral) cholangioscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract diseases].

The introduction of intraoperative, and later postoperative cholangiography, results in the reduction of residual concrements in the bile ducts, but by no means in their total removal. Cholangioscopy was used as an alternative to this method (1, 5, 10). In 1923, J. Bakes employed a rigid choledoscope, and in 1970 J. M. Shore-a flexible one. Nowadays, technical improvement of the procedure makes possible to use cholangioscopy by one of two basic routes--transhepatic and peroral transpapillary (4, 6, 7, 9, 11). The former is recommended in the event of impossible or failing examination through papilla Vateri, or in the presence of stones and strictures within the intrahepatic bile ducts which cannot be reached by transpapillary route (4, 6, 9, 11). Peroral choledoscopy is used in clinical practice for a short time, and the early experience is still insufficient for definitive evaluation (2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11).