{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.021137026239067054, 'fraction_numerical': 0.008017492711370262, 'mean_word_length': 4.995633187772926, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Experimental study on the quasi-steady approximation of glottal flows.

To examine the quasi-steady approximation of the glottal flow, widely used in the modeling of vocal fold oscillations, intraglottal pressure distributions were measured in a scaled-up static vocal fold model under time-varying flow conditions. The left and right vocal folds were slightly open and set to a symmetric and oblique configuration with a divergence angle. To realize time-varying flow conditions, the flow rate was sinusoidally modulated with a frequency of 2 and 10 Hz, which correspond to 112.5 and 562.5 Hz, respectively, in real life. Measurements of the intraglottal pressures under both steady and time-varying flows revealed that the pressure profiles of the time-varying flow conditions are non-distinguishable from those of the steady flow conditions as far as they have the same subglottal pressure as an input pressure. The air-jet separation point was also non-distinguishable between the steady and the time-varying flow conditions. Our study therefore suggests that the time-varying glottal flow can be approximated as a series of steady flow states with a matching subglottal pressure in the range of normal vocalization frequencies. Since the glottal closure was not taken into account in the present experiment, our argument is valid except for such a critical situation.