{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02464788732394366, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.049645390070922, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Size and surface chemistry of Au nanoparticles determine doxorubicin cytotoxicity

Gold nanoparticles may assist in the delivery of anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin, deeper into cells and tumors in vitro and in vivo. However, the ideal shape, size, and surface chemistry of the particles have not been well determined. This is especially difficult in the case of doxorubicin, which has multiple modes of action, reacting differently in cancer cells vs. normal cells and in cytoplasm vs. nucleus. We begin to address these issues here by examining the cytotoxicity of two sizes of Au-doxorubicin particles, as well as examining the tracking of injected Au-doxorubicin in mice in vivo. Finally, we examine mechanisms of toxicity in different cell lines, finding that nanoparticles may assist in overcoming anti-apoptotic mechanisms in cancer cells.