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Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Follow-up of Patients Treated for High-Grade Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Results From a 20-Year Survey in Italy

Objectives The aim of this survey was to evaluate the different surgical approaches for women with high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-VaIN) used in 8 hospitals in central and northern Italy in the last 20 years. In particular, the baseline characteristics of the patients and factors potentially leading to excisional treatment rather than ablation were considered. Moreover, the clinical outcome of patients treated for HG-VaIN (disease persistence or recurrence and progression toward invasive vaginal cancer) was analyzed. Materials and Methods The medical records of all women initially diagnosed with HG-VaIN and subsequently treated in 8 Italian hospitals from January 1996 to December 2016 were analyzed in a multicenter retrospective case series. Results Among the 226 women included, 116 (51.3%) underwent ablative procedures and 110 underwent excisional surgery (48.7%). An ablative procedure was preferred in cases where multiple lesions were found on colposcopic examinations. Physicians decided more frequently to perform excisional procedures in women with menopausal status, high-grade referral cervical cytology, previous hysterectomy for human papillomavirus–related disease, or VaIN 3 on colposcopic-guided biopsy. Conclusions The surgical treatment of HG-VaIN should be tailored according to the clinical characteristics of each woman and each lesion. However, in potentially high-risk cases (VaIN 3, previous hysterectomy for human papillomavirus–related disease, and menopausal women) or in those cases in which an occult invasive disease cannot be ruled out, an excisional approach should be preferred. In any case, long-term follow-up is advisable in women treated for HG-VaIN.