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Beet western yellow virus infection of Cardamine spp. and Cheesemania radicata

Guy and Gibbs (4) surveyed Cardamine spp. in southern New South Wales for virus infection and found turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV-Cd) associated with a bright yellow vein clearing in Cardamine liIacina SF and a latent carlavirus in two other species of Cardamine. Two aphid species Au/acorthum so/ani and Lipaphis erysimi, which are known luteovirus vectors (6,7), were collected from C. lilacina SF during the survey, however, none of the Cardamine spp. were tested for luteovirus infection. Specimens of Cardamine representing at least four species were sampled from 21 sites in Tasmania from habitats near sea level to alpine boulder screes. C. liIacina SF has not been recorded from Tasmania (2) however a closely related species Cheesemania radicata was collected from boulder screes on five of the ranges at altitudes above 1200 m. Four leaves from each Cardamine (total 235 specimens) and Cheesemania (total 42 specimens) sample were planted in 1% water agar in test tubes. Two of the leaves were infested with virus-free A. so/ani while the other two were infested with Myzus persicae for a 48 hour acquisition access feed. A. so/ani was then transferred to Trifolium subterraneum cv. Mt Barker (5-10 per plant to test for soybean dwarf virus: SDV) and M. persicae to Capsella bursapastoris (10 per plant to test for beet western yellows virus: BWYV) for 48 hour transmission test feeds. The indicator plants were treated with insecticide and returned to an insect-free glasshouse. Leaves from Capsella plants showing yellowing symptoms (no symptoms developed in any of the T. subterraneum plants) were tested for the presence of luteoviruses using antisera produced against BWYV, potato leafroll virus and SDV at the Department of Agriculture, New Town Research Laboratories, using the direct antibody sandwich ELISA system of Clark and Adams (1). Other leaves from each specimen were ground in a mortar with 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) and the sap extracts were inoculated to Brassica pekinensis, Chenopodium quinoa and Sinapis alba to check for mechanically transmitted viruses. Approximately, 10% of the specimens were inoculated to the larger range of indicator species previously listed (4). The defoliated specimens were established in pots and inoculated with TYMV-Cd.