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A patient with acro-osteolysis syndrome: Hajdu-Cheney.

Hajdu-Cheney syndrome is an autosomal dominant acroosteolysis syndrome, in which clinical and radiological abnormalities develop at different stages of life. A 26-year-old woman visited our rheumatology clinic for progressive shortening of her terminal phalanges. Radiographs showed acro-osteolysis and classic midphalangeal band-like resorption of the terminal phalanges affecting multiple digits of both hands and feet as shown in Pictures 1 and 2. The differential diagnosis for these radiological changes includes severe Raynaud’s phenomenon, polyvinyl chloride exposure, thermal injury (frostbite, burns), snake or scorpion bites, hyperparathyroidism, trauma, the acro-osteolysis syndromes (mandibuloacral, Hajdu-Cheney or Giaccai syndromes), Rothmund’s syndrome (autosomal recessive with poikiloderma, cataracts, saddle nose, sparse hair/eyelashes, small stature, skeletal/dental abnormalities, telengiectasia, hypogonadism), or Wormian bone disorders (e.g., osteogenesis imperfecta, progeria), which can be distinguished by clinical features (1, 2). The present patient had features of Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by short stature, distinctive craniofacial changes (frontal bossing, broad nose with flared nostrils, coarse thick hair, low set ears), slowly progressive acro-osteolysis of the distal phalanges. The full phenotype is rare, if ever, present in childhood, and different clinical and radiological abnormalities develop at different stages in the lifespan and often progress with age. However, acro-osteolysis and concomitant digit abnormalities are present in most individuals with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome and thus, radiographic findings make the diagnosis possible before clinical signs and symptoms are fully developed (3). On her laboratory tests; RF, ANA, immunoblot (anti-Scl 70, anticentromer, anti-Ro, antiLa etc.) were negative. Anti-dsDNA, anti-CCP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) were normal, and parathyroid hormone level was normal (42.1 pg/mL, normal range: 12-88 pg/mL). Similar deformities