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Design Methodology of Clock Polarity Inversion Technique for Frequency Dividers

This paper presents a methodology of the clock polarity inversion (CPI) technique to design integer and halfinteger frequency dividers. Based on a generalized structure of CPI dividers, the CPI-state allocation algorithms are derived for a CPI divider to achieve desired division ratio and duty cycle. The methodology is then demonstrated by a programmable CPI divider that is designed in a 65-nm CMOS process and verified by measurements.