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Icons of Revolutionary Upheaval

Friederike Pannewick examines the public memorialisations of the
 martyrs of the Arab Spring in Egypt as expressed in graffiti and murals in
 Cairo. The state tried to censor and destroy them, but the memorial spaces
 were re-appropriated by the public and functioned as visual narratives of
 the history of the revolution. This artwork not only aimed at counteracting
 forgetfulness through public remembrance, but also enshrined the
 remembrance of more than once unpunished crimes and tragic events.
 The commemoration of these martyrs oscillates thus between personal
 efforts to cope with inescapable suffering and political strategy. From the
 perspective of previous commemorations of martyrs in Arab contexts
 the remembrance of the Arab Spring martyrs displays a major shift: this
 time the Arab citizens themselves engaged in self-empowerment and
 establishing and defending their own national history, instead of the
 political or religious institutions. In addition, a semantic transformation
 took place through a reconfiguration of religious ideas in the context of
 secularised modernity that transcends the particularities of specific
 groups and simultaneously builds on Muslim and Christian imageries.