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Study of incidence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes in retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary care center

Aim: The primary aim of the study is to determine the association between incidence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Subjects and Methods: A longitudinal observational study was carried out on 65 babies who fulfilled the criteria for ROP screening at a tertiary center. Results: Of the 65 babies screened, 24 (36.9%) developed some stage of ROP with 12 developing Type 1 ROP. Mean birth weight, mean gestational age (GA), and duration of oxygen therapy were significantly associated with the development of ROP (P = 0.047, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). One-third of the babies had maternal risk factors also. Of the 24 babies with ROP, zone 3 was involved in 13 (54.1%) babies and zone 2 was involved in 11 (45.8%) babies; 7 (29.1%) had stage 1, 9 (37.5%) had stage 2, and 8 (33.3%) had stage 3. Of 24 babies with ROP, 12 (50%) required treatment with laser photocoagulation and all these babies showed regression of ROP following treatment. Conclusion: Birth weight <1.70 kg, GA <32 weeks, and oxygen therapy were associated with development of ROP. ROP regressed with laser photocoagulation.