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Early effects of asbestos exposure on lung function.

In an attempt to define the early effects of asbestos exposure on lung function, detailed studies, including tests of pulmonary mechanics, were made on 24 workers who had normal chest radiographs but whose exposure to asbestos ranged from 6 months to 24 years. The 13 men with greater exposure showed, on the average, a significant 30 per cent increase in the static recoil of the lung when compared with the 11 men with the lesser exposure. In addition, they had smaller vital capacities, evidence of greater regional inhomogeneities of ventilation, and larger maximal midexpiratory flows, changes in keeping with the presence of a restrictive type of lung disease. By contrast, at any given transpulmonary pressure, peak flow was less in most of the men in the more exposed group, indicating an increased upstream resistance. This suggests that the changes responsible for the increased elastic recoil had a peribronchiolar rather than an alveolar location, in keeping with what has been shown in laboratory animals. T...