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La música como objeto de estudio científico: consideraciones en torno a la musicalidad y el origen de la música

The existence of music and its origins remain a mystery. Science, however, has provided partial answers and theoretical models based on a variety of evidence; it has managed to point at some fundamental aspects to be considered, and has proposed hypotheses that should be tested. This paper presents a review of the literature regarding the scientific study of music, including the central problem of music universals, the complex relationship between music and language, and the difficulties that the evolutionary study of music faces. It also proposes that (1) science, in most cases, should focus on musicality rather than music itself, (2) that it is essential to consider the different aspects musicality consists of (which may have followed separate evolutionary paths), and (3) that it is important to design experiments and studies that allow differences between biological and cultural aspects to be drawn, and eventually separate possible adaptations from exaptations.