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Evaluation of Four Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction.

The present investigation compared the treatment effects of: 1) methadone (opiate substitute), 2) group psychotherapy, and 3) a combination of methadone and group psychotherapy on drug addicts using change in self-concept as the primary measure of successful treatment. Other behavioral adjustment measures of treatment effects included: 1) number of days employed, 2) frequency of arrests, and 3) number of days on illegal drugs. The problem of pathological drug addiction has been approached through several discrete models: 1) the cellular model,.(2) the iatrogenic or pharmacodynamic model, 3) the neurophysiological model, 4) the conditioning model, 5) the personality model, 6) the psycho­ analytic model, 7) the sociological model, and 8) the law enforcement model. Although these approaches reflect many varieties of data, theories, and biases concerning drug addiction, no single model has C adequately accounted for occurrence of drug addiction. Some of the most promising treatment approaches for drug addic­ tion were: 1) chemotherapy (opiate substitute or antagonist), 2) existentially oriented, self-help groups (Synanon prototype), and 3) psychotherapy (group and individual). Although most studies in this area focused on one treatment approach such as methadone, cyclazocine, or psychotherapy, virtually all forms of treatment for drug addiction appear to have encountered considerable difficulty. The study asked three questions: 1) were there differences between groups prior to