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Derivation of turbulent structure parameters from large-eddy simulations and comparison with large-aperture scintillometer data and aircraft observations.

Turbulent fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer are related to local fluctuations in the air density, which can be expressed by the refractive-index structure parameter (C n). Since these fluctuations depend mainly on temperature and humidity, it is possible to relate C n to the structure parameters for temperature (C 2 T ) and humidity (C q ). Recently, large-aperature scintillometers (LAS) have been increasingly used to measure C 2 T over path lengths of several kilometers in the surface layer. By means of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, the surface flux of sensible heat can be estimated from the C T measurements. However, a validation of these measurements is challenging.