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WATER QUALITY APPRAISAL FOR SOIL-WATER BEHAVIOR IN IRRIGATED CLAY SOIL, EGYPT

Irrigation water is not always enough to congerunt the demand of cultivated area in the Northern part of Egypt. Therefore, farmers are obligated to use drainage water to irrigate their fields. The aim is to assessment the water quality for soil-water behavior in irrigated clay soil under shallow saline groundwater condition. During irrigation interval, watertable level receaded gradually with time while groundwater salinity increased. The changing in soil salinity and sodicty realized only in topsoil (0-60 cm). They decreased by 3 and 12 % in the soil irrigated by canal water, while increased by 26 and 21 % in soil irrigated by drainage, respectively. As a result of using drainage water for irrigation, the drainable and water holding pores decreased, consequently fine capillary pores increased. The reduction in drainable and water holding pores were 29 and 24%, respectively, while fine capillary pores increased by 21%. The bulk density values increased by 17 % in the soil irrigated by drainage water. The soil moisture content at field capacity and wilting point relatively increased while the available water decreased whenever the soil irrigated by drainage water. Barley yield realized almost no change as a result of using drainage water for irrigation during both growing seasons. Sorghum yield decreased obviously as a result of using drainage water for irrigation during both seasons. The fresh weight, grain and straw yield decreased by 23, 15 and 18 %, respectively in the first season (2003). In the second season (2004) the reduction was 27, 22 and 23 % for the corresponding plant characters.