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Root development of 12 year old white spruce growing on mineral-capped inverted mounds and untreated ground in the BWBS zone of northern BC.

Root systems of 12 year old white spruce were excavated from mineral-capped inverted mounds (Figure 1) and compared with those growing in untreated ground (control) to determine whether they were developing root systems of adequate size and structure to support the maturing tree. Mound seedlings were larger than seedlings growing in the untreated control and their root systems were also proportionally larger. Mound seedlings had more, and larger, structural roots (main laterals) than control seedlings, and had a greater number of roots of all sizes. Roots were distributed as evenly around the stems of mound and control seedlings. The average depth of main lateral roots (3–5 cm) and their average spread from the stem (150 cm) were similar among seedlings on mounds and in the untreated control. Roots of mound seedlings readily egressed beyond the mound environment, except where mounds were located in hygric depressions.