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[Transgenic mice as disease models].

The methods used for making transgenic mice such as DNA microinjection in pronuclei, transformation of embryonic stem cells and production of chimeras, infection by retroviral vectors and sperm cells as carriers for foreign DNA are reported. Furthermore some characteristics of transgenic mice are mentioned, in particular factors influencing integration and expression of gene constructs. Different kinds of disease models using transgenic mice are available. This has been achieved by insertional mutagenesis, dominant negative mutations, changes caused by overexpression of transgenes, gene ablation, targeted mutation, and transfer of oncogenes. The importance of ongoing research in transgenic animals is emphasized.