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Seminal plasma metabolomics reveals lysine and serine dysregulation as unique features distinguishing between prostate cancer tumors of Gleason grades 6 and 7

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a metabolic disease. Most men are diagnosed with low grade indolent disease and differentiating these men from those who have life threatening cancer is a challenging but important clinical dilemma. There are currently limited biomarkers that can distinguish between the indolent Gleason grade 6 and higher‐grade disease. Moreover, some individuals initially diagnosed with low grade disease progress to higher grade disease. Currently prostate biopsies are the only reliable methods of stratifying risk, but biopsies can cause significant morbidity, sample only a small portion of the gland and are costly. Therefore, biomarkers distinguishing between indolent and aggressive patterns of PCa are urgently required to minimize biopsy‐associated morbidity, prevent over‐treatment of indolent PCa and to better stratify patients for appropriate treatment.