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Exploring the potential of capsaicin against cancer metastasis based on TGF-β signaling modulation through module based network pharmacology approach.

Capsaicin is an active alkaloid /principal component of red pepper responsible for the pungency of chili pepper. Capsaicin by changing the intracellular redox homeostasis regulate a variety of signaling pathways ultimately produces a divergent cellular outcome. Several reports showed the potential of capsaicin against cancer metastasis, however unexplored molecular mechanism is still an active part of the research. Several growth factors have a critical role during cancer metastasis among them TGF- β signaling play a vital role. The present study aimed at analyzing capsaicin modulation of TGF-β signaling using network pharmacology approach. The analysis explored capsaicin targets and, their associated functional and pathway annotations. Besides, the analysis also provides detailed distinct pattern of amino acid composition across the capsaicin targets. The capsaicin targets described as MAPK14, JUN, SMAD3, MAPK3, MAPK1 and MYC involved in TGF-β signaling pathway through pathway enrichment analysis. The binding mode analysis of capsaicin with its targets had shown high affinity with MAPK3, JUN, MAPK1 and MYC. Altogether the present study proposes new methodology and mechanism of action of capsaicin against TGF- β signaling pathway.