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The molecular genetics of non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

About 3% of the population, or 100 million people, suffer from non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in the world. It has been predicted that this number will be doubled within 10 years. Thereby NIDDM is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases in the world. The disease is associated with devastating complications that severely influence the quality of life. In addition or because of this, NIDDM imposes an enormous burden on the health care system all over the world. There are large ethnic and geographical variations in the prevalence of NIDDM. In Scandinavia, where insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is common, NIDDM accounts for about 85% of all cases with diabetes. In Asia and Japan, where IDDM is rare, NIDDM accounts for most of the cases with diabetes. In certain ethnic populations such as the Pima Indians and Nauruans the prevalence of NIDDM approaches 40%. However, the distinction between NIDDM and IDDM may not be as clear as hitherto thought. The question therefore arises, are these ethnic differences due to genetic or environmental differences?