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The UCD Advanced Canopy‐Atmosphere‐Soil Algorithm: Comparisons with observations from different climate and vegetation regimes

The University of California, Davis (UCD), Advanced Canopy‐Atmosphere‐Soil Algorithm (ACASA) is presented and its output is compared with a comprehensive set of observations at six diverse sites. ACASA is a multi‐layer canopy‐surface‐layer model that solves the steady‐slate Reynolds‐averaged fluid flow equations to the third‐order. These equations include an explicit representation of the steady‐state, horizontally homogeneous, diabatic set of vector and scalar fluxes and flux transports. ACASA includes a fourth‐order, near‐exact technique to calculate leaf, stem, and soil surface temperatures and surface energy fluxes at various levels within the canopy. Plan! physiological response to micro‐environmental conditions is also included using Ball‐Berry/von Caemmerer‐Farquhar formulations. Observed energy fluxes and microenvironmental conditions from a grass field in the Netherlands, deciduous and coniferous forests in Canada, tropical pasture and forest in Brazil, and an ancient temperate rainforest in the USA are compared with simulated values.