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Proliferation of human melanoma cells is under tight control of protein kinase C alpha

Exponential proliferation of human melanoma cells has been associated with low levels of protein kinase C (PKC)‐α. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional relationship between PKC‐α and melanoma cell proliferation. Treatment of human melanoma cells with the selective PKC inhibitor Ro‐31‐8220 resulted in a significant increase of cell proliferation as measured by 3H‐thymidine incorporation and a fluorometric microassay. In addition, phosphorothioate antisense‐oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to PKC‐α enhanced DNA‐synthesis of human melanoma cells. Furthermore, microinjection and transient transfection of melanoma cells with PKC‐α decreased their proliferation, as shown by the reduction of nuclear staining with the proliferation marker Ki‐67. The presented data demonstrate a cause–effect relationship between PKC‐α and melanoma cell growth, whereby PKC‐α reversely influences the rate of cell proliferation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.