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Action, Morality, and Cultural Translation

Cultural translation is contingent on one's capacity for self-criticism, and this paper traces its development in Western society: the emergence of the individual, the concept of the creative act, and formal concepts of truth and justice. Admitting that some cultures have better tools for comparison and translation than others, the paper identifies a self-critical potential which must be present in all cultures to permit the imputation of responsibility and the creation of obligation. The argument is applied to such topics as the viability of metaphors, segmentary opposition, anthropologists' advocacy of Third and Fourth-World causes, and the nature of utopias.