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Alloying-assisted phonon engineering of layered BiInSe3@nickel foam for efficient solar-enabled water evaporation.

The fresh water crisis has emerged as one of the most urgent bottlenecks hindering the rapid development of modern industry and society. Solar energy-driven water evaporation represents a potential green and sustainable solution to address this issue. Herein, for the first time, centimeter-scale BiInSe3-coated nickel foam (BiInSe3@NF) as an efficient solar-enabled evaporator was successfully achieved and exploited for solar energy-driven water evaporation. Benefitting from multiple scattering-induced light trapping of the rough substrate, strong light-matter interaction and intermediate band (IB)-induced efficient phonon emission of BiInSe3, the BiInSe3@NF device achieved a high evaporation rate of 0.83 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun irradiation, which is 2.5 times that of pure water. These figures-of-merit are superior to recently reported state-of-the-art photothermal conversion materials, such as black titania, plasmonic assembly and carbon black. In addition, superior stability over a period of 60 days was demonstrated. In summary, the current contribution depicts a facile scenario for design, production and application of an economical and efficient solar-enabled BiInSe3@NF evaporator. More importantly, the phonon engineering strategy based on alloying induced IB states can be readily applied to other analogous van der Waals materials and a series of superior vdWM alloys toward photothermal applications can be expected in the near future.