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Increase in Atmospheric CO2 and Ambient Temperatures in the North

SUMMARY Crop production in the North is constrained by a short growing season, spring and autumn frosts, long winters with deep snow cover and low temperatures during the growing season. Increase in concentration of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases, and the subsequent increase in ambient temperatures could benefit crop production in countries located in the North, including Finland. However, longer growing seasons, milder winters and higher growing season temperatures could increase the occurrence of pests and pathogens, and ultimately decrease crop yields and the net income of farmers. Benefits to be gained from increased tillering and higher numbers of grains per unit area resulting from elevated CO2 levels might be smaller than expected in countries like Finland, where the uniculm growth habit of cereals is maintained by the long days that characterise the growing season.