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The Spinal Origin of the Cervical Sympa

THE symnpathetic nerves were considered by Gaskel (I) from a study of their anatomical relationships to be derived from cells situated in the lateral horns of the spinal cord. In a later paper Gaskell (2) pointed out that the lateral horns differed in position and constitution in different parts of the spinal cord, and that the cells which in all probability gave rise to the motor nerves of the vascular and glandular systems were small cells lying in groups to the dorsal side of the intermediolateral tract in the thoracic region. He found that these small cells coincided in position in the cord very closely with the origin of the root fibres of the sympathetic nerves, and believed them to be homologous with the cells of the nuclelus ambiguus in the medulla oblongata. Mott(8) came to a similar conclusion from a consideration of the developnment of the spinal cord. The cells of the intermediolateral tract were described by him as occurring in groups, some of the cells being vesicular and bipolar, others spindle-shaped. The spindle-shaped cells were short or long, and often extended some distance into the lateral coluimns of the cord, their long axes radiating ouitwards. Sherrington(4) supported the same view, and found in the cat that the lateral horns were a distinct feature of the spinal cord from the stuperficial origin of the 8th cervical to the superficial origin of the 4th lumbar nerve, and showed that these coincided with the upper and lower limits of the emergence of the sympathetic fibres. The cells of the lateral horns were chiefly spindle-shaped, but above the 3rd thoracic segment larger cells were found which he considered analogous to those met with in the posterolateral group of the anterior cornu in the cervical region, and not belonging to the sympathetic system. The cells of the lateral horn which he believed to give origin to the sympathetic fibres were the small spindle-shaped cells.