{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.043259557344064385, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.1419753086419755, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Alternative host and parasitoid in first method in aphid pest management in glasshouses

A new method primarily utilising alternative hosts of aphid parasitoids as biocontrol agents in glasshouses is described and demonstrated on a model situation: Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) on wheat (non‐target plant culture), Myzus persicae (Sulz.) on beans (target plant culture), and Aphidius colemani Vier. and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cr.) parasitising both aphid species. The principle of the method is an intentional primary introduction of an association of a non‐pest aphid (S. graminum on cereals) and associated parasitoids (A. colemani, L. testaceipes) in a pest‐aphid free glasshouse where a target crop is or will be grown (beans as a model); if a target pest (M. persicae) is accidentally introduced, the parasitoid populations drift from the reservoirs (S. graminum on cereals) and attack populations of the target pest. The method is compared with the “Pest in first” method in glasshouses.