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Anaemia in pregnancy in developing countries

Anemia in pregnancy continues to be a major public health problem in the world. Based on 1988 data the WHO estimated that up to 56% of all women living in developing countries are anemic (hemoglobin <11 g/dl) compared with 18% in industrialized countries. Among the many causes of anemia in pregnancy nutritional iron deficiency is considered the main cause in the developing world. Other common causes of anemia in pregnancy include malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum and hookworm infection. In view of this guidelines recommend that all pregnant women in the developing countries should receive routine daily supplementation of iron (60 mg) and folic acid (400 mcg) and should be considered for preventative measures against malaria and hookworm. Universal prophylaxis with iron and folic acid is recommended for pregnant women for at least 6 months. In addition food fortification programs may be important in improving not only the nutritional status of the population but also in particular vulnerable groups such as women of reproductive age and children below the age of 5 years. In conclusion it is recommended that public health policies addressing the issue should introduce and sustain a program in pregnancy of supplementation with iron and folic acid and prophylaxis against parasitic disease; improve obstetric care; and adopt fortification of food.