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GDE: General Data Exchange with Schema and Data Level Mappings

Data exchange (DE) [5, 3] and data coordination [1, 2, 6] are two important settings that were introduced previously in the literature to resolve the problem of integrating information that resides in different sources. A DE setting moves data residing in independent applications, which refer to the same object using the same name, and accesses it through a new target schema. However, a data coordination setting allows the access of data residing in independent sources and that possibly belong to different sets of vocabularies, without necessarily exchanging it and while maintaining autonomy. Although a data coordination setting provides users with an amalgamated view of related information, this solution is not enough for applications that require a view of related information using a unified set of vocabularies for periodic reporting and decision making. We introduce a general data exchange (GDE) setting that extends DE settings to allow collaboration at the instance level, using a mapping table M , that specifies for each constant value in the source, the set of related (or corresponding) constant values in the target. We show in this paper that a GDE setting can be formalized using the knowledge exchange framework introduced in [4]. It allows us to store a target knowledge base (KB) which consists of a subset of the explicit data exchanged that is necessary to infer the full set of exchanged information using a set Σt of FO sentences. We identify in our work the class of “best” KBs to materialize and we define the set of certain answers.