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Proteomic analysis of the effect of Antrodia camphorata extract on human lung cancer A549 cell

Antrodia camphorata (niu‐chang‐chih) is a fungus native to Taiwan that is believed to be effective in preventing diseases. This study demonstrates that 0.2–2% v/v ethanol extracts of A. camphorata cultivated by solid‐state fermentation (SACE) can effectively impede the proliferation of human non‐small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells but not primary human fetal lung fibroblast MRC‐5. The results of apoptotic analyses implicate that SACE might trigger the apoptosis in the A549 cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Two‐dimensional gel maps of non‐treated and treated A549 cells were compared using PDQUEST analytical software to discover five statistically significant twofold or above‐twofold differentially‐expressed protein spots. The five protein spots that were significantly de‐regulated were chosen for subsequent identification by high performance liquid chromatography electro‐spray tandem mass spectrometry. The five proteins were later identified as human galectin‐1, human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A, human Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor α, human calcium‐dependent protease small subunit and human annexin V. All five proteins were confirmed to be down‐regulated by Western blotting. The analytical results of this study help to provide insight into the effect of SACE on the gene expression of the tumor cells.