{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.05707931801334322, 'fraction_numerical': 0.04447739065974796, 'mean_word_length': 5.221198156682028, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Physical activity and lung cancer risk in male smokers

We examined the association between physical activity and lung cancer in a prospective cohort of 27,087 male smokers, ages 50–69 years, enrolled in the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. After an average of 10 years of follow‐up, 1,442 lung cancer cases were diagnosed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of lung cancer associated with self‐reported occupational and leisure‐time activity, adjusted for age, supplement group, body mass index, cigarettes smoked daily, years of smoking, education, energy intake and vegetable intake. There were no associations between occupational, leisure‐time or combined categories of physical activity with lung cancer risk; however, age appeared to modify the effect of leisure‐time activity (p = 0.02). Within increasing quartiles of age, the RRs (CI) for men active in leisure time compared to sedentary men were 0.77 (0.54–1.09), 0.74 (0.57–0.95), 1.09 (0.89–1.33) and 1.03 (0.88–1.21). These data suggest that among smokers, neither occupational nor leisure‐time activity is associated with lung cancer risk. There may, however, be some modest risk reduction associated with leisure activity among younger smokers. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.