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Octanol-, chloroform-, and propylene glycol dipelargonat-water partitioning of morphine-6-glucuronide and other related opiates.

The pKa and log P values of morphine-6-β-d-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-β-d-glucuronide (M3G) and a range of structurally-related opiates (morphine, normorphine, codeine, norcodeine, 6-acetylmorphine, diacetylmorphine, and buprenorphine) were accurately measured using a potentiometric approach. The measured lipophilicity profiles (pH 2−11, 0.15 M KCl matrix) of M3G and M6G were compared using a proton donor solvent (chloroform) and a proton acceptor solvent (propylene glycol dipelargonate, PGDP), in addition to octanol. The log P values and lipophilicity profiles of M6G and M3G determined in octanol−water have confirmed the unexpectedly high lipophilicity of the two glucuronides. These results show the importance of measuring the effect of pH on lipophilicity, since log D (pH 7.4) values gave a notably different order of lipophilicity for the opiates compared with log P. M6G, but not M3G, showed significant differences in log P between different types of partitioning solvents. The observed order of li...