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Silver Nanoparticles and Magnetic Field Effects on Seed and Essential Oil Yield of Carum copticum under Water Stress Condition

Carum copticum responses to water stress, silver nanoparticles, and magnetic field were evaluated in a split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications. Although irrigation did not affect the seed yield and morphological traits, magnetic field or base chemical fertilizer treatments produced greater yield and umbel number per plant than other treatments. Silver nanoparticles application did not have any positive effect on yield. Water stress decreased seed essential oil percent. Seed germination and essential oil percent were not affected by fertilizing treatments. Reduction in chemical fertilizer requirement due to magnetic field exposure may be by increasing nutrient uptake efficiency.