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Combined Dopamine and Nitroprusside Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure: Greater Augmentation of Cardiac Performance by Addition of Inotropic Stimulation to Afterload Reduction

The hemodynamic benefits of combining administration of dopamine with nitroprusside (NP) were evaluated in nine patients with chronic congestive heart failure due to ischemic, idiopathic myocardial or valvular cardiac disease. NP alone (68 μg/min) produced decline in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) from 25.4 to 14.1 mm Hg (P < 0.01) but modest increase in cardiac index (CI) from 2.41 to 3.02 L/min/m2 (P < 0.05). Dopamine alone (6 μg/kg/min) caused an elevation of CI to 3.36 (P < 0.01) but without decrease of LVEDP. Simultaneous infusion of the two agents resulted in favorable alterations in both hemodynamic variables: LVEDP decreased to 15.7 (P < 0.01) and CI increased to 3.52 (P < 0.01). It is concluded that dopamine substantially enhances the effectiveness of nitroprusside therapy in congestive heart failure by providing concomitantly the principal beneficial actions of the vasodilator and dopamine used separately. Thus combined dopamine with NP treatment considerably raises low CI while markedly reducing elevated LVEDP and provides a potentially efficacious pharmacologic modality for the treatment of severe congestive heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction.