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Cytotoxic cell function in bronchogenic carcinoma.

Biologic response modifiers (BRM) such as interleukin-2 (Il-2) and gamma-interferon (gamma IFN) can augment preexisting or initiate new cytotoxic capacity of human lymphocytes against tumor cells. Although in vivo therapy with BRM or adoptive immunotherapy with BRM-treated cells seems logical in the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma, recent studies have shown that lymphocytes from the lung and tumor tissues of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma have defective cytotoxic function. We sought to determine if defects in lung cytotoxic cell function are primary or secondary to local tumor effects, and if peripheral blood lymphocyte populations from patients can serve as a source for BRM-stimulated cytotoxic cells. We evaluated the natural killer (NK) cell and lymphokine (Il-2) activated killer cell activity (LAK) activity of mononuclear cell populations from 11 patients with newly diagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma and three control groups. Cultured human squamous cell and adenocarcinoma cell lines proved useful in evaluating LAK activity in these studies. Levels of NK and LAK activity in patients compared favorably with both those of non-smokers in two different age ranges and with smokers. Peripheral blood cytotoxic cell function remains intact and responsive to augmentation by BRM in patients with recently diagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma. Reported defects in patient lung cell cytotoxic function appear to be local tumor-related defects not present in peripheral blood lymphocytes.