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Dietary practices and xerophthalmia in under-fives in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVES
To assess parent's knowledge about children's need for plant sources of vitamin A; to determine the dietary practice with regard to vitamin A intake; to estimate the prevalence of xerophthalmia and; to forward appropriate recommendations.


DESIGN
A cross-sectional study.


SETTING
The study was conducted in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia, with a total population of about 88,867 from February to April 1995.


PARTICIPANTS
Eight hundred and thirty one randomly selected children between the ages of six and 59 months formed the study population.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The dietary intake of cheap and easily available vitamin A rich foods is assessed and prevalence of xerophthalmlia determined.


RESULTS
Only eighty per cent of the children were getting green vegetables, fruits or carrots once weekly or more. The major reasons given for not including vegetables, fruits and carrots in the diet were "cannot afford" (39%), "not available" (33%), and "child too young" (16%). Out of 628 children examined, four (0.6%) were found to have xerophthalmia; three (0.48%) classified as XIB and one (0.16%) as X2.


CONCLUSION
The dietary intake of plant sources of vitamin A in the studied community is far from adequate. Moreover, vitamin A deficiency is found to be a significant public health problem in young children in Jimma town. Periodic vitamin A supplementation, preferably combined with immunisation, should be a priority action, and parents need to be educated about vitamin A deficiency and its prevention.