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Crop Type Identification and Mapping Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-2 Time Series Data

In this paper, the random forests method and the support vector machine in machine learning are explored and compared to the traditional statistical-based maximum likelihood method with 126 features from Sentinel-2A images. The spectral reflectance of 12 bands, 96 texture parameters, 7 vegetation indices, and 11 phenological parameters are successfully extracted from Sentinel-2A images in 2017. The classification result shows that the optimal combination of 13 features yields overall accuracies of traditional classification and machine learning classification of 88.96% and 98%, respectively. Short-wave infrared information shows a significant effect on distinguishing rice, corn, and soybean. The water vapor band plays a significant role in distinguishing between corn and rice. In the multiclassification problem, the machine learning methods have robustness with the identification accuracy of greater than 95% for each crop type, whereas the traditional classification result shows imbalanced accuracies for different crops.