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Digital Programming Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystalline Hybrid Hydrogel by Shearing Microlithography.

Designing anisotropic architectures enables the creation of soft materials with rich properties and functions to artificially simulate the evolutional diversity of biology. In the important liquid crystalline hybrid (LCH) hydrogels, the free manipulation of liquid crystalline order in high accuracy and efficiency has been long pursued to design properties and functions, however, remains a challenge. Here, we realize digital programing LC order in graphene oxide LCH hydrogels in high size resolution (~20 μm) and efficiency, by using shearing microlithography. The localized shear-induced LC order organization is immobilized by crosslinking gelation and we prepare graphene oxide LCH hydrogels with digital programmed patterns in a large area. The shearing order generates a vertical alignment of graphene oxide sheets in hydrogels and a considerable mechanical anisotropy controlled by the shearing angle and interval spacing. By diversely organizing geometry of liquid crystalline order, the mechanical response behaviors of LCH hydrogels are designed to exhibit localized deformations, steered cracking and programable swelling actuations. Our work offers a versatile avenue to scalably digital program LCH hydrogels in a high efficiency and accuracy. The digital designed hydrogel promises wide uses in actuators, bio-scaffolds, biomimetic materials and soft designer materials.