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The World Polity and the Nation-State System: An Updated Analysis

I am more convinced now than I was in the early 1970s when I first published on the subject' that the last quarter of the twentieth century will mark a historic turn in the evolution of the world polity. My basic forecast then, now reiterated with even greater certitude, is not that the nation-state system is about to be supplanted by another system, but rather that the dominant role of nation-states in the preservation of order and the allocation of values in the world polity is being challenged by other entities and movements subnational, transnational, and supranational which, relatively speaking, will continue to gain in appeal, authority, and power. The world polity, which can no longer be defined simply as a nation-state system, is turning into a polyarchy. The institutions and individuals who can 'deliver the goods' across national borders and who therefore are both primary objects and actors in the diplomatic arena may or may not be official agencies of the nation-state in whose jurisdiction they reside or are permitted to operate. Increasingly, the nation-state system operates as a subsystem, in competition with other subsystems, of a polyarchical world polity. This is not to say that human communities are anywhere near ready to discard the organized nation-state as the per-