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Association of the face fly, Musca autumnalis, with bison in western North America.

Musca autumnalis De Geer (Diptera: Muscidae) was noted as a pest of bison at the National Bison Range, Moiese, Mont., in 1966 and 1967, where flies occurred also around the eyes of deer, antelope, and horses. In 1967 adults were reared and the immature stages were collected from bison droppings obtained at the Range.

Adults first were collected in 1967 from 4 widely scattered localities (from 6500 to 9245 ft) and several different habitats within Yellowstone National Park in Montana and Wyoming. Flies also were reared from and seen on cattle and their droppings near Gardiner, Mont. (5300 ft), for the first time in 1967.

In 1967, 9 range bison at the Range exhibited eye disorders, ranging from discoloration to eyeball eruption (blindness). Such eye problems had not previously been observed in these animals. The difficulties inherent in managing these animals make it impossible to deal with eye disorders in bison as can be done with domesticated stock. The success of M. autumnalis in the absence of regular insecticide treatments of animals and its present and potential role as a pest of various big game animals in wildlife areas is discussed, as well as the prospect of reservoir populations of flies able to disperse out of wildlife areas into surrounding agricultural areas.