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Vascular access devices: perspectives on designs, complications, and management.

The use of vascular access devices in hospitalized and home care patients has expanded rapidly in the past decade. New designs, materials, insertion techniques, and protocols for care related to vascular access devices have emerged. Complications associated with them, however, have remained a persistent problem. Septicemia, thrombosis, and occlusion are three of the more serious complications that can lead to the need for removal of the device. These complications are reviewed and areas for future research are identified.