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Effects of N-acetylcysteine on acetic-acid-induced ulcerative colitis in experimental rat model

Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disorder involving the large intestine characterized by contiguous inflammation of colonic lamina propria with subsequent injury and disruption of the mucosal barrier. Antioxidant protects against the injurious effects of oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a rat model of acetic-acid-induced colitis. Materials and methods UC was induced by acetic acid at a dose of 4% acetic acid in 0.9% NaCl solution intrarectally through a fine rubber catheter under light ether anesthesia. A total of 50 male albino rats were involved in this study, divided into four groups: group І (control group); group II (colitis group); group IIІ (treated group), which was equally subdivided into group IIІa (co-treated group) − which was given intraperitoneal NAC (dose: 500 mg/kg body weight) on the day of induction − and group IIІb (post-treated group) − which received intraperitoneal NAC 24 h after acetic acid administration; and group IV (positive control group), which received intraperitoneal NAC (dose: 500 mg/kg body weight) at the same dosage of treated colitis group. Nitric oxide level, myeloperoxidase activity, thioredoxin reductase 1 activity, and caspase 3 level were evaluated, and histopathological evaluation was done. Results NAC significantly decreased myeloperoxidase and thioredoxin reductase 1 activities, as well as nitric oxide and caspase 3 levels. Conclusion On basis of these results, it could be concluded that NAC exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects in experimentally induced UC in rats, reflecting its importance as a candidate for UC treatment and management.