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Keratan Sulfate, a “Unique” Sulfo-Sugar: Structures, Functions, and Synthesis

Keratan sulfate is a sulfated polysaccharide classiﬁed as a glycosaminoglycan, which has the structurally unique characteristics of diversity in the linker oligosaccharides connecting to the core protein, the existence of both an intrachain fucose branch and a “capping” monosaccharide at the nonreducing end, and diversity of the sulfation patterns. The function(s) of this newest glycosami -noglycan, keratan sulfate, remain mostly unclear. In this minireview, we describe the structures and known functions of keratan sul fate as well as cutting-edge methods to enable the synthesis of keratan sulfate with complex structures.