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Sediment distribution pattern in some Iranian dams based on a new empirical reservoir shape function

Abstract Sedimentation greatly affects the future performance of reservoirs and thus is a main concern of designers. Reservoir sedimentation is influenced by many parameters, with reservoir shape among the most important. Different empirical and semiempirical methods based on reservoir shape parameters have been previously researched to predict sediment distribution patterns. Our extended investigation over hydrographic maps of 10 large dams in Iran found a strong relationship between reservoir shape and sediment distribution pattern. As a result, we introduced a new method for the prediction of sediment accumulation in reservoirs using a parameter that determines the reservoir shape. This parameter is used to show how accurately reservoir shape can be approximated by its equivalent pyramid. Equivalent pyramid was defined at each reservoir cross section, with the cross sectional area as its base and the distance from the reservoir end as its height. We recommend this new technique to predict long term cumulative distribution of sediment in preliminary design stages for a wide variety of reservoirs with mainly fine-grained sediment particles.