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The Nesla Gorge and the connection of the Sofia Lake with the Pannonian Basin

The Nesla Gorge is a picturesque flat-bottomed gorge carved by the Gaber River through the limestones of the Slivnitsa Formation west of Nesla village, Dragoman area. Its flattened bottom is evidence for an inter-lake strait between the Gaber Basin and the Nishava-Moravian Basin in Serbia. This is proved by several layers in the Novi Iskar Formation containing mollusks typical of the Pannonian Basin. It is supposed that the main reason is the sea-level fluctuation of the Pannonian Sea due to Milankovitch climatic cycles which caused two-way movement of the water between the two basins through the Nesla Gorge. The geological history of the area, as evidenced by the geomorphological data, shows the important role of the Nesla Gorge for the existence of the Gaber Basin and Sofia Lake during the Pontian and Dacian Ages.