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Nest Predation and Nest SitesNew perspectives on old patterns

Identifying causes of general patterns of habitat selection, species coexistence, and life-history traits are central issues in evolutionary ecology. Many organisms have been studied to address these issues, but no group has had a greater influence on current perspectives than birds (Konishi et al. 1989). Rapid advances came a few decades ago with work by Lack (1948, 1954), Hutchinson (1957,1959), and MacArthur (1958, 1972) and his associates (Cody and Diamond 1975). These investigators argued that competition and food limitation were the major underlying influences of habitat selection, species coexistence, and life-history traits among birds (reviewed in Martin 1986, 1987). In recent years, the ubiquity and importance of competition and food limitation have been debated (Salt 1983, Wiens 1989). Nonetheless, although the competition paradigm has been challenged, alternative explanations are rarely explored for birds. New hypotheses need to be developed and examined, and they need to be directed at old and long-standing patterns that have been interpreted in the conventional per-