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Rural Non-Farm Diversification, Gender and Labour Allocation to Farm: Evidence from India

The present study contributes to the limited literature on the interlinkage between household non-farm diversification, agricultural feminization and female autonomy in farming. The study uses unit level data from the India Human Development Survey for the years 2004-05 and 2011-12. The paper employs Instrumental Variable regression methods to study such interlinkages. The results show household non-farm diversification to be a significant factor contributing to the feminization of agriculture. Further, greater participation of women in agriculture significantly contributes to female autonomy in farm decision-making. The results are robust to the use of alternative indicators of agricultural feminization. Further robustness checks support the overall conclusions of the paper. The study concludes with some policy suggestions.