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Effects of NPY and CRF on Ethanol Intake & Anxiety

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) interact within the CNS to influence consumption of food and drugs as well as anxiety states. NPY injected directly into the PVN stimulates ingestive behaviors whereas central injections of CRF decreases food intake. Additionally, treatment with a CRF antagonist, or immunotargeted toxins, will enhance NPY induced hyperphagia. The balance between these peptides may also be important in the regulation of behavioral processes associated with stress and anxiety. For instance, NPY has been demonstrated to reverse the arousing and anxiolytic effects of CRF when administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). Heavy drinking can cause persistent changes (neuroadaption) to physiological stress systems, that include the neuropeptides NPY and CRF, which in turn interact with pre‐existing risk factors leading eventually to addiction and alcohol dependence. In a recent study, while ICV injections of NPY did not cause changes in ethanol intake in non‐selected Wistar rats, NPY potently reversed the reductions in drinking produced by CRF. Thus a crucial interaction between peptide systems may also be important in the regulation of ethanol intake. Taken together these studies suggest that NPY and CRF have opposing effects on physiology and behavior and may be important in the regulation of response to stress and consumptive behaviors.