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Molecular imaging of the pancreas in small animal models.

Recent advances in several imaging modalities have improved noninvasive assessment of the pancreas in preclinical animal models and have enabled sequential studies in the same animal, permitting dynamic studies of pancreatic disease. This review outlines progress in the application of small animal imaging to monitor the pancreatic islet, insulitis, and pancreatitis. Preclinical advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have benefited from higher magnetic field strengths and dedicated small animal scanners, respectively. Novel imaging approaches developed using preclinical MRI and PET scanners may be adaptable to clinical usage. Preclinical imaging of mouse models has also benefited from the recent advent of optical imaging modalities, in which light emission can be detected noninvasively. These optical imaging techniques enable sensitive, high-throughput, and cost-effective studies in preclinical, small animal models.