{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02927289896128423, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0018885741265344666, 'mean_word_length': 4.760869565217392, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Dynamic I/O power management for hard real-time systems

Power consumption is an important design parameter for embedded and portable systems. Software-controlled (or dynamic) power management (DPM) has recently emerged as an attractive alternative to inflexible hardware solutions. DPM for hard real-time systems has received relatively little attention. In particular energy-driven I/O device scheduling for real-time systems has not been considered before. We present the first online DPM algorithm, which we call Low Energy Device Scheduler (LEDES), for hard real-time systems. LEDES takes as inputs a predetermined task schedule and a device-usage list for each task and it generates a sequence of sleep/working states for each device. It guarantees that real-time constraints are not violated and it also minimizes the energy consumed by the I/O devices used by the task set. LEDES is energy-optimal under the constraint that the start times of the tasks are fixed. We present a case study to show that LEDES can reduce energy consumption by almost 50%.