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Megatrials show impregnated mosquito nets could save 500,000 African children a year -- at very low cost.


 Malaria is one of Africa's worst public health problems, causing approximately 1 million deaths annually on the continent. Two of the largest trials of pyrethroid-impregnated bednets ever conducted took place in Kenya and Ghana. The randomized, controlled trials were initiated and sponsored by the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) to assess the impact of such nets upon reducing levels of malaria-related morbidity and mortality among children. The results of the two trials were published in the April issue of Tropical Medicine and International Health. Use of the nets in the trials protected sleeping children from being bitten by malaria-vector mosquitoes, leading to reductions in under-5 child mortality of 33% in Kenya and 17% in Ghana. In the Kenyan trial, use of the nets also led to a 40% reduction in hospital admissions for severe malaria; malaria is the most important cause of hospital attendance for children in Kenya. These study findings suggest that approximately 500,000 young African children could be saved each year from malaria if pyrethroid-impregnated bednets were widely and properly used.
