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Revisiting Women's Cinema: Feminism, Socialism, and Mainstream Culture in Modern China LINGZHEN WANG Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2021 xiv + 293 pp. $25.95 ISBN 978-1-4780-1080-7

unexpected journey through Japan’s involvement with Muslim communities from China to Detroit, North Africa and Afghanistan as its agents pursued a global Muslim strategy fashioned in part on Nazi and Italian Fascist policies, with occasionally surprising success. In the end, we meet Japanese and Nazi agents in Afghanistan, where both parties imagined connections to pre-Islamic Buddhism that justified their claims on Afghan support. Their co-annexation of the past betrays a mixture of romantic and cynical motivations behind fascist empires’ presentation to Muslims of an alternative to Western imperialism. Ultimately, Japan’s engagement with Muslims was in important respects an act of self-fashioning, an attempt both to associate the empire with other right-wing imperial projects and to articulate the meaning of the empire and the Asian-ness it claimed to represent. Discourse and policy on Islam were closely entangled with the empire’s ideals and strategies in occupied China. Hammond then leaves us with disturbing conclusions: that the empire’s patronage of Muslims provided substantial parts of the organizational and discursive framework of the postwar decolonial movement; and that their treatment of Sino-Muslims in particular provided a model for Chinese Communist policies. The story in China’s Muslims can be traced through the Cold War and beyond, and it has significance for contemporary policies towards Muslims in China. Moreover, Hammond’s ambitious book throws open the gates to future research that considers Sino-Muslim history and the war in Asia through new scopes and scales. It represents a wave of emerging scholarship on transnational Hui history in the 20th century and earlier. Yet it also leads to questions about other unseen geographies of Sino-Muslim life, from the very local – as hinted at by Hammond’s discussion of “collaborators” in occupied cities – to the unexpectedly global.