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Physiological and Biochemical Studies on the ι-Carrageenan Producing Red Alga Eucheuma uncinatum Setchell and Gardner from the Gulf of California

Cystocarpic and tetrasporic plants were identified from three geographically separate populations of the endemic red alga, Eucheuma uncinatum Setchell and Gardner, at two sites on the east and one site on the west coasts of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Photosynthetic and respiratory rates of each population were determined under varying light, temperature and salinities. The physiological studies indicate that E. uncinatum is a stenohaline alga requiring high light tevels with peak rates of photosynthesis occurring under cooler temperatures (20-28 C)' Our findings suggest that cool temperatures, high salinities, and shallow tanks should be used in mariculture efforts. Also, higher temperatures may be a major cause of the annual life history reported for natural populations (Dawson 1971, Norris 1975). No distinctions could be found between sexual stages or populations in the levels of ash, protein οτ carbohydrate for entire plants or for carrageenan yield, viscosity, gel strength, and chemistry including molar ratios of galactose/3, 6-anhydrogalactose/ester sulfate. Eucheuma uncinatum carrageenan has a high level of sulfation, approaching, after alkali modification, the theoretical molar ratio of 0.5/0.5/1 for galactose/3, 6-anhydrogalactose/ester sulfate. The "typical" carrageenan off. uncinatum is contrasted with the "deviant" t-carrageenan found in E. isiforme from Florida where a lower sulfation level is apparent.