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Therapeutic Bio-Compounds from Avocado Residual Biomass

Since ancient times, plants have been used as preservatives, spices, flavorings and as natural remedies to prevent or treat diseases owing to the biological activity correlated with the bioactive compounds they contain. The avocado fruit (Persea americana), native to Mexico and Guatemala, has been traditionally used for its pleasant organoleptic characteristics, high nutritional value and health benefits, but its residual biomass (seeds, skin and tree leaves) is also valuable in therapeutic terms. For this reason, the present investigation reviews the pharmacological potential of avocado waste. It can serve as a source of antioxidants, as well as hypotensive, anti-analgesic, photoprotective, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory agents, and can be used to treat skin disorders. The main active components seem to be phenolic compounds. The content of phenolic compounds in waste extracts varied from 6 to 307 g/kg dry weight, depending on the waste type and extraction conditions, among others. In particular, our results suggested that using water as a solvent, a high amount of phenolic compounds can be obtained from the peel (266 g/kg dry weight), and this was correlated with major antioxidant activity. Therefore, the peels can be applied to obtain antioxidants, and water can be used as an environmentally friendly extraction solvent to obtain various valuable compounds of its chemical composition for food and pharmacological applications.