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Twelve-Step Subculture and Cultural Competency Among Clinicians

Abstract In their insightful article, Holleran and MacMaster make two insightful propositions about 12-step programs. First, they propose that a distinct subculture exists in these programs. Second, they propose that clinicians need to understand this subculture to work effectively with 12-step program participants. Empirical evaluations of these propositions can contribute to theory development and illuminate effects of 12-step program participation on recovery and well-being