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Tracking Sparse mmWave Channel: Performance Analysis Under Intra-Cluster Angular Spread

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems require a large number of antennas at both base station and user equipment for a desirable link budget. Due to time varying channel under user mobility, up-to-date channel state information (CSI) is critical to obtain the required beamforming gain. The mmWave sparse multipath channel is commonly exploited in designing tracking algorithms but practical angular spread is often overlooked. In this work, we study the performance bound of tracking accuracy in sparse mmWave channel that includes intra-cluster angular spreads. Power gain from angle-steering-based beamforming using tracked CSI is then analyzed. The theoretical study provides a design guideline beam-width in angle-steering under different intra-cluster angular spreads. We verify the results with two common tracking algorithms including sector beam tracking and maximum likelihood channel tracking.