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A case‐control study of Salmonella gastrointestinal infection in Italian children

A case‐control study of 85 cases with non‐typhoid Salmonella gastroenteritis, 85 outpatient controls and 79 inpatient controls was conducted among children in Monfalcone, north‐east Italy, between June 1989 and June 1994. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, duration of breastfeeding, history of intestinal illnesses and household diarrhoea, and the recent use of antimicrobials. Breastfeeding was the single most important factor associated with a 5‐fold decreased risk of Salmonella infection. In addition, children who were treated with antimicrobials before onset of gastroenteritis had a 3‐fold increased risk. Low social class and history of other chronic non‐infectious intestinal diseases were also directly associated with illness.