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Electrolyte and humoral responses of renal transplant patients to head-out water immersion.

Eighteen renal transplant recipients and sixteen volunteers were subjected to the physiological manoeuvre of head-out water immersion, in order to compare changes in electrolyte and humoral responses known to occur in healthy individuals with those arising as a result of renal denervation in the transplant recipients. Although the tubular sodium response to water immersion was normal, tubular potassium excretion was markedly different in the transplant patients. Plasma values of atrial natriuretic factor increased in both groups and showed a close temporal relationship to urinary excretion of cyclic GMP. The attenuation in transplant recipients of the well-documented suppression of plasma renin activity during water immersion was probably due to a combination of factors, namely lack of renal innervation and an increase in circulating ANF. The small but significant increase in the excretion of enzymically active urinary kallikrein observed only in the transplant recipients during immersion still requires explanation.