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Gentrification analysis of the social condition of the community in sarangan lake tourism area

Gentrification is understood as a change in the socio-economic status of an area that has been more inhabited by low-income people, then replaced by people who are better able to develop activities and investments in the area. This research is a qualitative exploratory study of the inductive approach to reviewing the adaptation pattern of the indigenous peoples in the face of the gentrification process that occurred in the region amid the insistent population of migrants More capable. The study also saw how the indigenous response to migrants and the changes occurred. The results showed that the locals were aware that the land they had had economic value and strategic functions. They adapt to capturing business opportunities to improve Social-Ekonomi status and adapt to the developments that occur. In general, indigenous peoples understand the positive and negative impacts of the surrounding changes as they are more capable of migrants and physical transformation into a more developed environment. This research indicates that indigenous peoples are trying to respond wisely to these changes.


Introduction
Gentrification is one of the developing phenomena at this time. Gentrification has been longer developed and better known abroad, while in Indonesia itself the term gentrification is not very familiar in society. Gentrification has been known to start in the early 1960s and is increasingly strongly perceived by the British and American residents in the early 1980s along with the various studies and research that began to be conducted on this gentrification process [1]. In Indonesia, the phenomenon of gentrification has not been discussed much.
Gentrification is defined by various definitions by experts, because of it's associated with dynamic area changes and alludes to social-cultural problems that make it a complex problem. Simply put, gentrification is the process of transforming land use, followed by changes in low-income community settlements [2]. Furthermore, there was a process that made the area replaced with high-income people [3]. Based on the definition, it can be concluded that the phenomenon of gentrification arises from the process of upgrading an area that has successfully attracted the attention of the wealthy people, and created the dynamism of the region in which it would Stimulate the price of property prices beyond the original community, so that people become vulnerable to the displaced areas. The repopulation who was forced to move occurred due to his inability to adjust the state of the area that ascended the class. In general, the impact is the presence of old population displacement that is less financially able to the area that is considered cheaper. The term gentrification is often associated with the displacement process of displacement. But along with the development of the sciences on gentrification, other opinions suggest that gentrification is different from the process of displacement [4]. Displacement is a process when the community has been forced to move because it is unable to adjust to the rising cost of living expenses resulting from the areas that they have faced gentrification. While the definition of gentrification itself is only up to the process of upgrading the area until finally two social groups on different castes coexist and the weaker group must face economic injustice. The pattern of the gentrification process that occurs is not always the same in every place, both the process and the impacts. Therefore, this gentrification phenomenon is considered dynamic and needs to be researched at places that exhibit the symptoms of gentrification. Infinite gentrification only occurs in the city center, but it can also happen outside of it like the suburbs, border areas, and even the countryside. As long as a location is indeed recognizable to the factors of gentrification, it is gentrification regardless of the location in the structure of the city [5].
On the slopes of Mount Lawu, subdistrict Plaosan, Magetan District, East Java there is a unique tourism object that is the Sarangan lake. The lake is about 16 km west of Magetan City. The unique place makes this place can attract hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. The number of supporting facilities in this tourism makes the area a tourist destination family. The area around the lake is a few star hotels and several eateries.
The increasing support facilities in the tourist sites aims to improve the comfort of tourists in conducting tourist visits in the area Sarangan Pond. Even many investors are investing to build a business in Sarangan Lake area. Investors buy land in largethe magnitude of having the prospect of a large profit in the future, which will eventually cause problemssocial problems when the community around the Sarangan Lake is not ready to change.

Methods
The research is a qualitative exploratory research study of inductive approaches. The exploration of research is that aims to dig extensively on the causes or things that affect the occurrence of something [6]. An inductive approach is a study that departs or rests on a data or fact field that is then linked to a relevant or appropriate theory resulting in a general conclusion. Research Variables and Operational Definitions The variables used in the study this were; 1) Perception, 2) Factors that influence the perception of the planned relocation of settlements in the form of; physical and environmental conditions, social and cultural conditions, economic conditions, and organizational conditions.
The subject and object of this study were village informants, indigenous informant and gentrification informant. The research method, based on the philosophy of positivism, is used to examine the natural condition of the object (as the opponent is an experiment) where the researcher is the key instrument, sampling of data sources is done with purposive and snowball sampling type, the techniques of collecting with triangulation (combined), data analysis are inductive/qualitative, and the results of qualitative research emphasize the meaning of generalization [7]. This research was held on July 2019 in Sarangan Lake Tourism area. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. Research instruments use interview guides that have been pre-compiled by researchers.

Gentrification in Sarangan Lake Tourism Area
The gentrification phenomenon that occurs in the tourism area of Lake Sarangan is the development of the tourist attractions in a strategic and unique place that attracts many people to visit the tourist sites. Tourism Area Sarangan Lake can be said that the tourist attractions are successful in attracting attention Karna besides the cool place tourist area Sarangan Lake is a unique tourist spot, namely the lake on the slopes of the mountain Lawu it can be seen from Many traveler visits each week. Besides the enthusiasm of the local residents who also participated in the tourism area Sarangan Lake. Sarangan Lake Tourism Area is also located on one of the cross-provinces of East Java-West Java which makes it often traversed. Seeing the many potentials that can be developed in the region, began a lot of changes and developments in land use. It can be observed from the change of land shown by satellites over time. The gentrification that occurs in the periphery, if the area is a developing area as a new growth center, can be triggered by migrants with upper-middle economy class who are looking for a more residential Comfortable and far from urban congestion in the city center [8]. The appeal of a thriving region as a new growth center becomes a trigger for indigenous peoples by migrants because the indigenous people are not able to compete with immigrants, especially in terms of economic access to land so it can pass of gentrification [9].
The effect of gentrification on the social state of an area is quite large. Gentrification will result in a mixture of upper and lower class activities [10]. Gentrification itself occurs in areas that were formerly low-value, so it is likely that the majority of the population from the area that was before the gentrification was a population with low economic capability. The population with low economic capability is very likely to get out of the area that is curable on a variety of reasons but they can also survive by being one of the perpetrators of gentrification. Before the process of gentrification of tourism in the tourism area of Telaga Sarangan, this area is a village area that is located on the slopes of Mount Lawu. Village with the majority of the livelihoods of vegetable farmers. Where vegetables and trees are able to flourish.
The dominance of the Sarangan Lake is a vast forest, rice field, and Perkebunanan fields. Some areas of the tourism area of Telaga Sarangan is categorized as a protected forest managed by Perhutani and government-owned so your process that occurs on the land is categorized as your state or By governments or countries. The government or the Perhutani here which serves as one of the gentrification actors then do the construction of various facilities such as rest area and new tourist areas

Local Community Adaptation Pattern Against Gentrification
The gentrification of tourism is a consequence of the gentrification that generalized and the rapid development of the global tourism industry. The rapid development of tourism in the tourism area of Telaga Sarangan brings up many new potentials that can be utilized. Often the development of a region becomes a new center of growth precisely not recognized or anticipated and often known as unplanned developments, according to [11]. It is then considered as the beginning of gentrification when the potential has begun to be realized by local people, local governments and migrants.
Development of supporting facilities so that the tourism area of this Sarangan Lake can provide a comfortable atmosphere for visitors are carried out by various parties. The facilities were built requiring land for development. Where the land is derived from fields or large plantations owned by local communities around the region. The entry of investors or residents outside the area will buy land from local residents with a certain approach. Then the ownership of the land will change hands from the original in the name of the local people switching to the outside population or investor [12]. Wherewith ownership that has changed hands, will change the function of land that was originally a field or plantation to land with a building facility that became an attraction for visitors to come. Like the development of various villas and increasingly mushed, lodging, construction of the restaurant, the development of shopping and the development of public tours in the Sarangan Lake.
The renovation of the physical space and shifting cultures or lifestyles is also part of the development of tourism, these social-spatial consequences are part of the explanation of the gentrification of tourism according to [13]. This physical renovation may be related to commercial revitalization, preservation of history, protection of environmental integrity, development of tourism and cultural facilities, old house renewal, environmental improvement, road and square theme, restoration architecture, and transformation of buildings into lofts, offices, or exhibition halls [14] [15]. Renovation and land function from 2009 -2019 can be observed on the map.  Figure 2 and Figure 3, it can observed the many changes over the land function that occurred in the tourism area of Lake Sarangan. In 2009 the land use was still minimal. Land use in 2009 is dominated by paddy field and forest areas. While in 2019, many supporting facilities were renovated and built such as food stalls, hotels, villas, and cafés.
Land-use change and development developments in the region occurred at a considerable scale and intensive. This would have a bad impact on the locals with the lower intermediate economy that is unable to compete with investors outside their region. This will change the property price increase and the cost of living in the tourist area.
The perpetrators of gentrification vary greatly from government, local communities and community migrants. The adaptation patterns used by locals are varied. The land in the tourist area of Telaga Itation especially that is near the Sarangan Lake has a very high price ranging from Rp. 4.000.000 /meter to Rp. 500.000 /meter. The more the land is far from the lake, so the land prices are falling.
Realizing the potential of the local population has a pattern of adaptation to the gentrification of tourism that is the local people use it by becoming gentrification (self gentrification). But not all local people do it, as the local people are pressed to sell the land, they will not sell the entire property. Most of the economically driven locals will sell their land in part and then use some of its other grounds for business. It aims to prevent the local population from relocating or being knocked out of the place. But there are also those who eventually choose to sell their entire land and move to the village not far from there.
Their perception of migrants, indigenous people who move, and their environment can be described from the positive and negative side. They remain open to migrants because they realize that migrants are also giving changes in the environment so that they are more advanced, but the indigenous people also still invite migrants to mingle in the environmental traditions maintained in the midst of Urban modernity. Along with the inclusion of migrants, they see their neighbors who are indigenous people are moving away because of the economic urges. From there they learn not to repeat the mistakes of indigenous people who can not improve the economic condition because lazy, less able to take advantage In addition to physical change, social, economic can be seen from the tourism area of Lake Sarangan, there is a change as the impact of the gentrification occurring in the tourism area of Sarangan Lake that affects the culture or lifestyle of society. From the beginning of the local customs will gradually be terrifically misguided by the coming lifestyle of the new society originating from the community of migrants.

Conclusions
Gentrification in the tourist area of Telaga Sarangan is the gentrification of tourism. Perpetrators of gentrification in the area are very diverse, namely, gentrification carried out by the local population, the gentrification conducted by the Government and the gentrification conducted by non-local residents or foreign investors.
The pattern of local communities to survive the negative impacts of gentrification are varied. Many people who sell some of its lands for capital follow the development as the impact of gentrification, so there is no need to change shelter. Others choose to sell all of their land to get enough profit and choose to change their place of residence. Some residents gain inheritance and then manage and develop the land as a form of adaptation to the influence of Gentrification. Along with the adaptations of indigenous people who survive, they themselves can observe the changes they see in the environment so they realize there is something they can take.
Their perception of migrants, indigenous people who move, and their environment can be described from the positive and negative side. They remain open to migrants because they realize that migrants are also giving changes in the environment so that they are more advanced, but the indigenous people also invite migrants to mingle in the tradition and environment maintained in the midst of Urban modernity. Along with the inclusion of migrants, they see their neighbors who are indigenous people are moving away because of the economic urges. From there they learn not to repeat the mistakes of indigenous people who can not improve the economic condition because lazy, less able to take advantage of business opportunities, can not manage the finances. They realize the progress of their environment changes with a wider range of facilities and better infrastructure.