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Challenges to the measurement of oestradiol: comments on an endocrine society position statement.

Measurement of oestradiol (E2) is increasingly important in clinical management for both diagnosis and monitoring of treatment for reproductive disorders as well as for research into hormone-dependent diseases. As the sole bioactive oestrogen in humans, E2 is responsible for not only female reproductive development, function and treatment for fertility disorders, but also has increasingly recognised and wide-ranging effects on non-reproductive tissues including the pathogenesis of common disorders such as cardiovascular disease, hormone-dependent cancers and osteoporotic fracture. Recent research indicates that there are likely to be more clinical diagnostic and management insights fruitfully developed in the near future once improved E2 assays are more widely available.