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Determination of Charge and Level Shift of Manganese in Some Manganese Chemicals and Ores by X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy

X-ray emission spectra usually give a direct picture of the occupied states above Fermi level and the K emission band reflects the distribution of electrons of p-symmetry in the outer levels. The `3d' transition metal compounds exhibit a wide variety of properties due to their valence band consisting of s, p and d like states. These `d' states are strongly localised and influence the properties of the compounds through s-d, p-d hybridization. In the present investigation, the level shift of the 2p3/2 states of Mn in MnO2, MnPO4, MnSO4, KMnO4, δ-MnO2, Mn-Nodule and BCS-Mn-Ore has been determined. Besides, the spectrum of Mn has been resolved into several bands like A, B, F, G and X following the Gaussian peak assumption. It has been found that the binding energies of all chemicals and ores except KMnO4 show higher value compared to pure Mn 2p3/2 state and quadrupole transitions have negligible effect on the X-ray transitions.