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Disorders of movement

The neural pathways that control movement involve several structures, from the cerebral cortex through to the muscle. This allows for the maintenance of tone, posture, and volitional movement. Disruption of subcortical structures which modulate these pathways (such as the basal ganglia) can cause a variety of clinical presentations collectively termed movement disorders. They can be simply divided into hypokinetic disorders (e.g. parkinsonism) and hyperkinetic disorders.