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Thrombopoiesis‐ and Megakaryocyte Colony‐stimulating Factors in the Urine of Patients with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The urinary extract from patients with severe, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was capable of inducing significant thrombocytosis in rats in vivo and enhancing megakaryocyte colony formation in culture of mouse bone marrow cells. The apparent specific activity of megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor (MEG‐CSF) in the ITP extract was approximately one‐half of that of the urinary extract from patients with aplastic anaemia (AA). Daily injections of ITP extract did not cause an increase in Hb concentration, while rats receiving AA urinary extract revealed profound erythropoiesis 3 weeks later. In vitro assay of erythropoietin (EPO) failed to show significant EPO activity in the extract from patients with ITP. These findings excluded the possibility that the observed activities of thrombopoiesis‐stimulating factor (TSF) and MEG‐CSF in the ITP urinary extract are due to contaminating EPO. Urine of patients with severe ITP appears to be a good source of TSF and MEG‐CSF.