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Creativity: A Mathematical Approach to Explain its Ubiquitous Occurrence in Nature

When the human mind searches concept space for solutions to a given condition we have a choice between conventional and creative thinking. But what are the probabilities of improving a given situation using creative thinking compared with conventional thinking? To make this quantitative comparison we utilize the metaphor of an adaptive fitness landscape and simple statistical techniques. We show mathematically how the inclusion of creativity in a search can dramatically increase the chances of finding appropriate solutions. We also recognize that creative behaviour is most successful when the environment is unstable and note the existence of a tuning parameter that allows self-adaptation of creative output. We support our claims with examples from nature. By investigating the effects of a feedback loop between the receiver of creative output and this strategic meta-parameter we can rationalize many intuitions we possess about creativity promoters and inhibitors. Our investigations also enable us to understand the processes, conditions and phenomena surrounding creativity such as mistakes, madness and serendipity and may also allow us to incorporate creativity into artificial computer models. We speculate that creativity is an emerging property of any complex system and as such ubiquitous in nature