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Bridging the transition to DC distribution: A hybrid microgrid for residential apartments

The DC residential microgrid is a feasible solution to increase distribution efficiency and integrate distributed generation, storage, and energy-efficient loads. Although many modern residential loads can be directly fed from a DC supply, some loads such as white goods will continue to depend on AC in the immediate future. Therefore, a hybrid AC/DC microgrid forms an intermediate stage in the transition from AC to pure DC residential distribution. This paper proposes a hybrid architecture that enables this transition without having to reconfigure the entire system. A decentralized differential-droop based control is adopted to eliminate the need for fast and reliable communication links. The proposed “transitional” design enables smooth integration of renewables and storage in addition to incorporating smart grid services like plug-and-play operation, and demand response. A scalable design strategy for such a microgrid is detailed, and its merits demonstrated through simulations.