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Chest wall lesions in children.

L esions can arise from all components of the chest wall. Although there is overlap with processes in the adult population, many of the chest wall lesions are unique to the pediatric population (Table 1). Radiography after physical examination is generally the initial imaging modality in assessing chest wall lesions in children. This is often followed by ultrasound, which is especially valuable because it provides the radiologist the real time ability to examine the patient, palpate the area of concern, and scan the site of interest directly. CT or MRI may subsequently be required for confirmation and further characterization of a chest wall lesion. By combining the clinical history, physical examination, and imaging findings, the radiologist can localize a lesion and arrive at a differential diagnosis. In some cases, it is possible to make a specific diagnosis, thus sparing the child further workup or unnecessary treatment.