{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.044765840220385676, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0337465564738292, 'mean_word_length': 5.054166666666666, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Adipocyte effects of xanthohumol

Adipocyte hypertrophy may constitute an initiating factor in the inflammatory state that occurs in obesity. Adipocyte size is largely determined by the rate of proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. The aim of this work was to study the effects of xanthohumol (XN), a flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus L.), in adipose tissue. For this, its effect in proliferation, differentiation, lipogenesis, lipolysis and apoptosis was tested in 3T3‐L1 cells. XN decreased proliferation measured by SRB staining [IC50: 26 (19.9–34.5) μM, 12 (9.1–16.6) μM and 17 (11.6–27.9) μM after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively]. At 5 μM, XN reduced preadipocyte Ki67 expression. XN decreased differentiation, measured by oil red O staining, and this effect was more pronounced when XN was present before or during induction of differentiation (47% of control). Apoptosis was increased, but only significantly in adipocytes. Incubation with XN (5 μM) did not change lipogenesis but reduced basal lipolysis. These results suggest that XN is able to reduce adipocyte number and basal lipolysis, which may contribute to increase the adipocyte size. Knowing the metabolic consequences of adipocyte hypertrophy, XN does not seem to contribute to the improvement of the metabolic profile associated with obesity. Supported by FCT (POCI, FEDER and Programa Comunitário de Apoio, SFRH/BD/12622/2003) and iBeSa (Instituto de Bebidas e Saúde).