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Defining According to its Essence: An Analysis on the Concept of Tong Shi Education (General Education) in the Native Chinese Context

Abstract The authors review the concept of Tong Shi (通 识) in ancient Chinese philosophical texts, illustrate the Chinese cultural attributes unique to the characters Tong and Shi, and confirm that the name and essence of Tong Shi Education has a clear directivity and irreplaceable coverage to university general education in contemporary China. To use Tong Shi to refer to general education can facilitate the establishment of a modern higher education concept that deeply rooted in Chinese traditions. Based on substantial historic sources, the authors also argue that Tong Shi Education as an educational concept that links both the past to the present and has global significance, was created out of the internal requirements of China’s reforms as Chinese universities are facing modern transformations.