{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02267739575713241, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.483412322274882, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Proximate and Ultimate Perspectives on the Maintenance of a Unisexual-Bisexual Mating Complex: Importance of Behavioral Syndromes and Stress Hormones

The persistence of gynogenetic organisms is an evolutionary paradox. An ideal system for examining the persistence of gynogens is the unisexual-bisexual mating complex of the unisexual Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), and the bisexual, host species, the sailfin molly (P. latipinna) and the Atlantic molly (P. mexicana). Insight into the maintenance of this mating complex might be enhanced by taking a more holistic view of male and female behavior through a behavioral syndrome framework. In this study, we examined whether behavioral syndromes are correlated with male mate-choice and stress hormone production. We quantified behaviors related to activity, boldness, exploration and sociability in male sailfin mollies, as well as their mate preference for conspecific females or the all-female species of Amazon mollies. In addition, we examined baseline cortisol production in male sailfin mollies. The results of this study provide evidence for behavioral syndromes in male sailfin mollies, but individual behavioral type was not correlated with their mate preference or stress hormone production. However, we did find differences in baseline cortisol production related to male boldness behaviors. The lack of