{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.012109623964308477, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.885964912280702, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Actuation of magnetoelastic membranes in precessing magnetic fields

Significance Understanding the properties of elastic membranes with superparamagnetic particles advances the design of autonomous, soft robots. Magnetic fields readily penetrate most materials and can be used remotely to induce rapid and precise changes in membrane shape. Here, we compare analytical and numerical models to molecular dynamics simulations to explain how rapidly precessing biaxial magnetic fields can be used to control the forces on magnetoelastic membranes. These forces are closely linked to its actuating behavior and its potential applications in micromechanics. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles incorporated into elastic media offer the possibility of creating actuators driven by external fields in a multitude of environments. Here, magnetoelastic membranes are studied through a combination of continuum mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations. We show how induced magnetic interactions affect the buckling and the configuration of magnetoelastic membranes in rapidly precessing magnetic fields. The field, in competition with the bending and stretching of the membrane, transmits forces and torques that drives the membrane to expand, contract, or twist. We identify critical field values that induce spontaneous symmetry breaking as well as field regimes where multiple membrane configurations may be observed. Our insights into buckling mechanisms provide the bases to develop soft, autonomous robotic systems that can be used at micro- and macroscopic length scales.