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Cryptogenic cirrhosis: Current knowledge and future directions

Cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC) is the end stage of a chronic liver disease in which its underlying etiology remains unknown after extensive clinical, serological, and pathological evaluations have been performed. CC contributes to morbidity and mortality associated with liver disease worldwide and represents a significant and increasing indication for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the United States according to data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (Figure 1). The prevalence rate of CC ranged from 5% to 30% in patients with cirrhosis in earlier studies but has decreased to an estimated 5% with advances in the field and the development of viral hepatitis testing and serology, as well as other biomarkers.