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Silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite ceramics (Si‐HAp): densification and grain growth through the prism of sintering theories

Ceramics based on calcium phosphates is known to be a prospective material for biomedical applications. Noticeable attention is paid to hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAp) due to its affinity to a bone mineral. It was recognized recently that Si‐doped HAp is a highly promising material in sense of bioactivity improvement. In the frame of distinct research activity structured around this subject, some special problems are to be solved: (1) solubility of Si in the bulk of HAp lattice (and its limit) vs. segregation of Si to free surfaces and grain boundaries, (2) rationalization of Si effect on sintering of HAp ceramics, (3) charge compensation over aliovalent doping of HAp with Si and its interplay with thermal stability of HAp phase.