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Minimum Energy Consumption Braking Torque Distribution Scheme Based on STA Second-Order Sliding Mode Controller

A four-wheel-drive electric vehicle has a regenerative braking function, and its braking stability changes while recovering part of the braking energy. In order to ensure safe braking distance and improve energy recovery efficiency, the motor model and battery charging model were established, and the energy consumption function was formulated, moreover braking force plane was divided into four quadrants, and a minimum energy consumption braking torque distribution scheme based on STA second-order sliding mode controller (hereinafter referred to as STA-MECBTD) is proposed and the co-simulation of Simulink and Carsim is adopted. The results show that both the I-curve and the ECE regulations curve (hereinafter referred to as ECE-curve) can’t balance the braking stability and energy recovery efficiency. The proposed scheme has a good comprehensive performance, which can quickly respond to driver demand and improve energy recovery efficiency.