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Study of prevalence and determinants of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls in rural area: a prospective study

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinological disorder affecting 5-10% of women in the reproductive age. This prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 26% in adult women from 18-45 year. In a recent study the prevalence of a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years was 5-15%, which increased to 10-22%. When undiagnosed cases with documented symptoms qualifying for PCOS according to NIH (National institute of Health) criteria were included. PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder which is most common in women of reproductive age. PCOS may first present in adolescence, but the incidence of PCOS in adolescence is not known, as diagnostic criteria for PCOS in the adolescent age-group is still not defined, PCOS symptoms tend to overlap with normal pubertal changes making the diagnosis even more challenging. The objective is to study prevalence and symptomatology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls.Methods: Prospective Cross sectional study between April 2018 and March 2019. 150 adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years attending OPD with oligomenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycle, obesity and/or hirsutism were advised for biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS on the basis of Rotterdam's criteria at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.Results: Prevalence of PCOS in the study was 17.33% in the study group.Conclusions: PCOS is increasingly encountered during adolescence, although the overall prevalence is low and evaluation of PCOS in adolescents is challenging. At this age, lifestyle modification is imperative to prevent long-term metabolic and reproductive complications.