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Beyond the divide: entangled histories of cold war Europe

When relations with the Labour Party deteriorated, Trotsky and his wife were put under house arrest. The reason for the new restrictive requirements was the fact that, according to the terms of his presence, Trotsky ‘could not engage in any political activity against a country with which Norway maintained friendly relations’ (p. 104). The Norwegian government certainly wanted to maintain friendly relations with the Soviet Union and Trotsky’s presence in the country started to be regarded as threatening. In the end, Trotsky and his wife were treated more like prisoners, not like guests. Their freedom of movement and contacts with other persons were restricted. Trotsky wrote about this last period of his Norwegian exile: ‘Never, anywhere, in the course of my entire life ... was I persecuted with as much miserable cynicism as I was by the Norwegian Socialist government’ (p. 228). Once his residence permit expired the government was not going to issue a new one; it was decided to send Trotsky out of the country. The problem was that no democratic nation in Europe was willing to grant him refuge. Finally, distant Mexico accepted him and Trotsky was sent to what became his last exile. The lives of Trotsky’s family and supporters, as well as those of the people who had an impact on Trotsky’s exile, were not happy in the post-Norway period. In Norwegian history itself, the Trotsky affair remains a sad page. Trotsky in Norway is a beautifully written book, and it is an important contribution to the history of socialism. It is sure to be of interest not only to scholars and students of Soviet and communist history, but also to everyone interested in the history of the twentieth century.