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Less is more? Navigating with Different Types of Information on a Small-Screen Device

An experiment was conducted to study differences in workload and performance of participants when navigating a route inside a building. Participants used a personal digital assistant (PDA) which presented three different types of spatial information. The spatial information varied in complexity. Spatial information was presented as a sequence of maps which were advanced by the user according to location. This method of presentation captures the essence of a location-based service; the spatial information presented is only relevant at that location. Results show significantly shorter route completion times and lower mental workload for participants using the simplified information when compared to the more complex information. Implications for the design of location-based navigation support on small-screen devices are discussed.