{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.050724637681159424, 'fraction_numerical': 0.034255599472990776, 'mean_word_length': 4.864864864864865, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 5, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Increased plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in men with visceral obesity

Background. Adipose tissue (AT) is an important source of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Its expression is markedly increased in obesity. Aims and methods. To quantify the associations of IL-1Ra with body fat distribution as well as to examine the respective contributions of IL-1Ra and visceral adiposity to the variation in some cardiometabolic risk (CMR) markers. Plasma IL-1Ra levels were measured in a sample of 117 healthy non-diabetic men (age: 44.9±10.1 years; body mass index (BMI): 28.8±4.5 kg/m2). Results. Plasma IL-1Ra levels correlated positively with BMI, waist girth, and visceral and subcutaneous AT (0.39 ≤ r<0.48; P < 0.0001). Multiple regression analyses revealed that visceral AT was the best independent predictor of IL-1Ra levels, explaining 22% (P < 0.0001) of its variance. IL-1Ra (P < 0.05) was an independent predictor of several CMR markers including triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, glucose and insulin concentrations in response to a 75 g oral glucose load, and fasting insulin levels, in addition to the expected contribution of visceral AT (P < 0.05). Conclusions. These results suggest that elevated IL-1Ra concentrations are influenced to a greater extent by visceral than subcutaneous adiposity and that IL-1Ra is independently related to some features of CMR beyond the known contribution of visceral adiposity.