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Effect of heat treatment on wheat dough rheology and wheat protein solubility

In the present study, the influence of moisture content, temperature and time during heat treatment of wheat flour was investigated. Heat treatment was carried out on laboratory scale in a water bath at 50–90 ℃ for times up to 3 h. Flour functionality was evaluated by analysing protein solubility in acetic acid as well as by the formation of bread-like doughs, which were then analysed with dynamic oscillatory and rotational rheometry. Effects during heat treatment were explained on a molecular level using a simplified physical model describing wheat dough as a continuous gluten matrix with starch as filler particles. Heat treatment causes the formation of gluten aggregates resulting in decreased protein solubility and lower network strength of dough. Rheological data also indicate the formation of starch aggregates and modified interactions between gluten and starch. The effects were more pronounced in heat-treated flours with increased moisture content due to a higher mobility of the molecules.