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Diffusive MASS NMR Studies of Transport in Porous Materials

NMR methods are widely used to probe the structure and fluid dynamics of porous materials including such diverse materials as cheese and chocolate, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, solvents in resins and soft matter, biological tissue, and for oil exploration. NMR measurements are uniquely suited to these studies since it records the correlation of changing local magnetic fields over a time scale of ms to seconds. The local magnetic fields are established by local variations in the bulk magnetic susceptibility of the sample (and so are directly tied to the sample’s local structure). The fluctuation in field that a spin sees is due to molecular transport (including molecular diffusion) through these local fields, and so reports on the length scales of structures and impediments to transport. In the past this information has primarily been employed via empirical relations that relate bulk measurements of relaxation times or diffusion to some microscopic property (pore size, throat size, S/V, and surface relaxivity, etc.). These empirical relationships, while useful, hide the underlying complexity of spin dynamics in confining geometries. We have developed a new set of methods to provide a means of systematically varying the effective time scale of the measurement and thus the effective length scale. This new handle permits a detailed, microscopic picture of the structure and dynamics.