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A deeper look at cancer immunity

Cancer
A key goal in oncology is diagnosing cancer early, when it is more treatable. Despite decades of progress, early diagnosis of asymptomatic patients remains a major challenge. Most methods involve detecting cancer cells or their DNA, but Beshnova et al. suggest a different approach that is focused on the body's immune response. The authors reasoned that the presence of cancer may cause alterations in the T cell receptor repertoire, which could then be detected. They designed a deep-learning method for distinguishing the T cell repertoires in the blood of patients with and without cancer, which they validated in samples from multiple clinical cohorts.

Sci. Transl. Med. 12 , eaaz3738 (2020).