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Dispositional mindfulness among BDSM practitioners: A preliminary investigation

Despite increased popular interest in, and research attention to, the topic of BDSM (Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, Sadism and Masochism) in recent years, empirical literature focusing on the psychological traits of people who practice BDSM is scarce. Mindfulness, which can be defined as non-judgmental awareness and acceptance of the present moment, has been linked to a host of positive physical, psychological, and sexual outcomes (e.g., relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, sexual arousal), and there is some limited evidence that those who practice BDSM may be exercising mindfulness. The current study examined dispositional mindfulness in a sample of BDSM practitioners ( n = 160) compared to a sample of undergraduate students ( n = 190). BDSM participants were found to report higher levels of mindfulness than undergraduates after controlling for age. These findings provide preliminary support for a link between BDSM and dispositional mindfulness. The pleasant altered states of consciousness sometimes achieved through BDSM activity may foster a state of mindfulness, which in turn may foster dispositional mindfulness.