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Effects of enhanced muscle mass on body fat deposition and insulin sensitivity

Obesity and insulin resistance cause serious consequences to human health. Increased body mass index plays a significant role in obesity prevalence. To understand the effects of enhanced muscle mass on obesity prevention, we generated transgenic mice through muscle‐specific expression of the cDNA sequence (5¡¯‐region 886 nucleotides) encoding for the propeptide of myostatin. The transgene effectively depressed the inhibitory function of myostatin on muscle mass, and transgenic mice showed dramatic growth and muscling by 9 weeks of age. Both transgenic mice and littermate wild‐type mice were fed a high‐fat diet (45% kcal fat) for two month. Results indicated that transgenic mice maintained normal blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and healthy glucose tolerance, whereas their littermate wild‐type mice developed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance after two‐month high‐fat diet. Individual major muscles of transgenic mice were significantly heavier than those of wild‐type mice, maintained and normal fat mass. In contrast, high‐fat diet induced wild‐type mice with excessive adipose tissue fat mass. Interestingly, high‐fat diet significantly increased adiponectin secretion while blood insulin, resistin and leptin levels remained normal in the transgenic mice. An increased secretion of adiponectin may result from enhanced skeletal muscles in the transgenic mice, which in turn promotes a beneficial interaction between muscle and adipose tissue in utilizing dietary fat.