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Calculated Intrinsic Magnetic Properties of 3d and 4f Materials

First principle calculations of ground-state charge and spin distributions of 3d and 4f ferromagnets are reported. While the metallic 3d-states are well described in the itinerant picture, 4f-states are better described in a localized picture of an "open core shell". The inter-relation between intra-atomic exchange splitting, moment formation, charge transfer, and structure is considered yielding essential contributions to an understanding of magnetic behaviour.