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Thinness at Birth and Glucose Tolerance in Seven‐year‐old Children

Adults who had low birthweight and were thin at birth have an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. To discover whether thinness at birth is associated with reduced glucose tolerance in children, 250 7‐year‐old children underwent an abbreviated oral glucose tolerance test. Children who were thin at birth, as measured by a low ponderal index (birthweight length‐3) had higher plasma glucose concentrations. Plasma glucose concentration 30 min after a glucose load rose by 0.07 mmol l‐1 (95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.14; p = 0.04) for every unit (kg m‐3) fall in ponderal index. Children in the lowest quarter of the distribution of ponderal index (23 kg m‐3 or less) had a mean 30 min plasma glucose concentration of 8.49 mmol l‐1 compared to a mean of 7.97 mmol l‐1 for those in the highest quarter (>27.5 kg m‐3). These associations were independent of duration of gestation, gender, social class or the child's current weight. This is consistent with the hypothesis that Type 2 diabetes originates in utero.