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Judgments of Size and Distance with Imaging Displays

The application of computer-animated imagery analogous to a contact view from an air-plane calls for a better understanding of the essential visual cues for spatial orientation. Such systems have application both as contact analog flight displays and as outside visual scenes for flight simulators. In either case, systematic errors in distance judgments are encountered that can be compensated for by magnifying objects in the animated scenes. Results of an experimental investigation of biased distance judgments with a projection periscope accounted for, but did not explain, a portion of the systematic error. The findings are discussed in relation to other unexplained experimental facts associated with size and distance judgments, including various optical illusions and the “projection” of afterimages.