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The use of oestradiol uptake and binding-site studies in endometrial and ovarian carcinoma.

Estrogen action is thought to involve specific cytoplasmic protein m olecules to which estrogen becomes bound. Another receptor protein exists in the cell nucleus and estradiol must be transferred to this receptor before it can produce its stimulating effect. This effect is determined by the cell nucleus; it is the same as that produced by synthetic progestational agents. The number of cytoplasmic and nuclear binding sites can be estimated by in vitro studies. When no specific binding sites exist within a cell it cannot be directly influenced by estrogen. In all 30 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma studied estradiol uptake and binding was seen regardless of degree of histological differentiation. However there were individual variations. Sarcoma and mixed mesodermal tumors do not contain binding sites and therefore do not respond to hormone therapy. In 8 cases of ovarian adenocarcinoma studied no specific binding sites in either cyto plasm or nuclei could be shown. In these it is considered unlikely that they will respond to hormone therapy. In vitro studies to determine specific estradiol binding sites can lead to more rational therapy.