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Nitrogen Fixation and N-Balance Studies on Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Landraces Grown on Tropical Acidic Soils of Malaysia

ABSTRACT Bambara groundnut has great potential as an alternative crop for improving food security in its production regions and beyond. A field experiment was conducted at the Field Research Centre of the Crops for the Future to obtain information on the nitrogen (N) fixation and N balance of Bambara groundnut landraces on tropical acidic soils of Malaysia. Treatments consisted of three Bambara groundnut landraces (Ex-Sokoto, Kaaro, and NN-1) laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Results obtained revealed that Ex-Sokoto landrace was greater in yield and N fixation, whereas N balance (-haulm) was greater in NN-1 landrace. The results revealed grain yield of 703–2256 kg ha−1 and N fixation from 32–81 kg ha−1 and suggest that Bambara groundnut could be integrated into a cereal-based cropping system. Ex-Sokoto landrace appeared to be the most promising for yield and N fixation under Malaysian acidic soil conditions.