{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04524361948955916, 'fraction_numerical': 0.010440835266821345, 'mean_word_length': 5.440298507462686, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Non‐NMDA receptor activation in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) increases ventilatory drive

Previous studies showed an important role for N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors but not non‐NMDA receptors in the NTS in the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) of awake rats. We hypothesized that plasticity of non‐NMDA receptors in the NTS is necessary for ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia, which increases normoxic ventilatory drive and the acute HVR. To test this, we microinjected artificial CSF or NBQX in the NTS (4 mM in 50 nL, bilaterally) of normoxic control rats (CON, n=7) and chronically hypoxic rats (CH, n= 3, PIO2 = 70 Torr for 7 days) and used barometric pressure plethysmography to measure ventilation. Microinjection sites were identified by colloidal gold microinjections after the experiment. Ventilation (ml/(kg min) was (mean + sem):