{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.04257425742574258, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0039603960396039604, 'mean_word_length': 5.127272727272727, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Learning from the mobile payment role model: lessons from Kenya for neighboring Rwanda

ABSTRACT Nationwide adoption of mobile payment (m-payment) has been a key driver for the socio-economic development in emerging markets. The Rwandan m-payment adoption lags behind the one in neighboring Kenya and its own ambition. This explorative study examines the factors that could enhance m-payment adoption in Rwanda. We extend the Technological, Organizational, and Environmental (TOE) framework (Tornatzky, L., & Fleischer, M. (1990). The process of technology innovation. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books) and apply it first to Kenya’s success story of M-Pesa and then to Rwanda’s main m-payment service. Based on our analysis, we determine several anchor points where Rwanda – to improve its economic situation and national welfare – could learn from M-Pesa. Further, we offer country-specific recommendations to enhance Rwanda’s national welfare via m-payment adoption also among the formerly unbanked population.