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Orthodoxy and Nationality: Andreiu Şaguna and the Rumanians of Transylvania, 1846–1873 . By Keith Hitchins. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977. ix + 332 pp.

Members of mainstream communions in the North who were committed to education of freed Blacks following the Civil War developed an extensive system of parochial schools. Parker traces the efforts of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., and notes in passing work by the United Presbyterian Church, two denominations which merged to form UPCUSA in 1958. A few of the Black educational institutions formed in the 1870s still remain, although most had ceased to exist by the 1930s. The history follows the course of actions by the General Assembly of the UPCUSA, credits in detail the support lent both boarding and day schools by the Women's Committee, and editorially questions the wisdom of closing so many of them. But the heart of the book lies in the sketches of individual schools, ninety in all. From the Russell Grove School in Amelia Court House, Virginia, to the Mount Zion Parochial School in Lothian, Maryland, obscure and long-forgotten places of learning take on interest and life as Parker portrays them. Persons engaged in study of the history of American education, Christian missions, and other related subjects will find Parker's work valuable. Those of us involved in doing Black and/or Presbyterian history have needed this history for a long time.