{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.019656019656019656, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.468253968253968, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Electric Vehicle Traction Control - A New MTTE Approach with PI Observer

Abstract This paper investigates a new traction control approach which utilizes the maximum transmissible torque estimation (MTTE) scheme to carry out the anti-slip control of electric vehicles. An innovative scheme for slip prevention, which requires neither chassis velocity nor information about tire-road conditions, is then proposed. A PI type disturbance observer is employed to enhance the steering stability of MTTE approach. The proposed scheme which contains the closed-loop friction torque estimator is not required to utilize any differentiator. Additionally, the inversion of the controlled plant is unnecessary. Illustrated examples are given for evaluating the performance and feasibility of the presented anti-slip strategy.