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Dynamic Holography in Bacteriorhodopsin/Gelatin Films: Effects of Light–Dark Adaptation at Different Humidity †

This work examines the kinetics of dynamic holography responses in light‐adapted and dark‐adapted bacteriorhodopsin (BR) films at different humidity. We have demonstrated that the kinetics of the diffraction efficiency in wild type BR films is quite different in dark‐adapted and light‐adapted samples. The holographic recording kinetics, which depends on the duration of incubation in the dark after light adaptation at different humidity values, was studied in depth. A specially designed miniature cell containing a BR film was mounted inside the holographic set up to allow controlled humidity changes over a broad range. The diffraction efficiency kinetics at humidity values of 96–99% were quite different from the kinetics at 60–93% humidity. We found that humidity values of 90–93% were most optimal for dynamic holography recording using a gelatin film containing BR. In agreement with a calculation of the wavelength‐dependent changes of the refractive index for dark‐adapted and light‐adapted BR samples using the Kramers–Kronig relation, the maximum difference in the refractive index and thus in the diffraction efficiency for dark‐adapted and light‐adapted BR films takes place at 630 nm, close to the wavelength of the He–Ne laser used.