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Cost Optimization of Water Distribution Networks without Storage Tanks

— This paper investigates the optimal design of water distribution networks without storage capacity using mathematical optimization. Both micro-genetic algorithm and hydraulic simulation of water network are used to find the optimal diameters of pipes of the network. The single-objective function of the optimization problem is the total cost of the capital costs of the piping network and the pump, and the operating cost of the pump, under the fulfillment of minimum nodal pressure requirements. An optimization methodology, Genetic Algorithm for Pumps (GAPUMPS), is used to minimize energy consumption. The described procedure is demonstrated in four case studies for water distribution networks with or without pumps. Three case studies are already established in the literature as traditional benchmark networks: the two-loop network, the three-loop network without pump, and the three-loop network with centrifugal pump. The results showed good agreement with the literature. The micro-genetic algorithm used in this study obtained better, or at least similar, optimal costs in the number of function evaluations compared with those of other evolutionary algorithms reported in the literature.