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Deep Rock Foundations of Skyscrapers

In the case of skyscrapers, the suitable bearing surfaces occur at considerable depth in rock formations, and when it is uneconomical to excavate the overlying weak material, socketed shafts are required for the foundations. In selecting a suitable foundation system, several factors must be taken into consideration. In this article problems associated to deep building foundations in rock formations are explained, as well as the actual evolution of skyscrapers. Geomechanical characterization in terms of deformability and strength of rock masses is analyzed in detail. The design processes of rock-socketed shafts are briefly explained and the foundations of some important buildings in New York and Chicago are presented with the available geotechnical information. Some conclusions on deep rock foundations of skyscrapers are presented.