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Localization via the received signal strength gradient at lower VHF

Localizing a node in complex propagation environments, such as in obstacle-rich indoor scenes, is a challenging task. Conventional approaches employ a dense and/or highly calibrated infrastructure of sensors assisting in the localization process, which is costly and difficult to achieve in ad-hoc situations. In this paper, we propose a minimalistic design based on a small number of access points. Our method uses the received signal strength (RSS) gradient as a direction of arrival (DoA) estimator. Though non-uniform shadowing and multipath adversely affect RSS, these are much less at lower VHF. We show through high fidelity simulations that our approach has promise as a rapidly-deployable localization system.