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In Search of a New Face for Muscovy

If we replace “man” with “Muscovy,” we get a highly accurate description of prevailing views on 15thto 17th-century Russia. Paradoxically, we still know very little of what Muscovite society thought of itself. First, it was a closed society and never discussed itself in public. This position is manifested in the instruction of 1569 to the Russian ambassador in Turkey, Luka Novosil ́tsev. Questions about the tsar’s title and why the sovereign used it were to be answered: “I am a young man unaware of why our sovereign calls himself tsar. Whoever wants to know this should come to my country and find out for himself.”1 1 Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv drevnikh aktov (RGADA) f. 89, op. 1, d. 2, l. 23 ob.