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“Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon” in Normal and Aphasic Adults: An Exploratory Study

The present study aimed at studying the nature of “Tipof-the-Tongue phenomenon (TOT) seen ubiquitously in most of the normal individuals in their day-to-day life as well as in disordered population such as individuals with aphasia. The study consisted of 30 normal subjects grouped in 3 age group: young, middle and old respectively and 6 subjects with fluent aphasia. Prediction of tip of the tongue phenomenon in normal subjects was investigated by the use of two basic ways: diary studies to acquire information on naturally occurring TOTs and experimentally induced TOTs which involved word retrieval tasks. Results revealed that TOTs are caused by deficits in the transmission of priming that occurs when the connections between lexical and phonological nodes become weakened due to infrequent use, nonrecent use, and aging. Consistent with this theory, TOT targets were infrequent words in the language and often had not been used recently, even though they were highly familiar to the subjects. Results also indicated clear cut superiority on the part of conduction aphasics, as compared to Wernicke’s and anomic aphasic subjects, the results gave some insights about the occurrence of TOT in normal as well as aphasic population across three age groups.