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Spatial variability of hydrological processes and model structure diagnostics in a 50 km2 catchment

In this paper, we develop diagnostic methods to assess spatial variability in hydrological processes, particularly those relevant to catchment modelling. We target a range of catchment responses, including runoff volume, runoff timing, storage–discharge relationships, and threshold responses to rainfall and soil moisture. The diagnostics allow us to map the scales and patterns of process variability, to test whether climate or physical catchment characteristics can be used to predict patterns in processes, and to explore the implications for appropriate spatial variability in hydrological model structures or parameters.