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Associations between IL‐1RA polymorphisms and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth among patients with irritable bowel syndrome from India

Low‐grade inflammation (controlled by pro and anti‐inflammatory molecules), induced by gut microbes in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), may be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Polymorphisms of IL‐RA gene (anti‐inflammatory) was evaluated in IBS and healthy subjects (HS); small intestinal mucosal IL‐1α and β levels (pro‐inflammatory) in relation to the presence of SIBO were evaluated in a subset of patients.