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Histories of demography: a review article.

During recent years historians and philosophers of science have given increased attention to the early development of population analysis particularly its place in the emergence of modern concepts of probability during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In this article three central works from this scholarly literature are selected for extended review. Their interest for demography lies not only in what they have to say about its history but in the examples they provide of different ways in which the history of demography can be written. Three fundamental questions are considered: What was the role of population mathematics in the origins of probability? What was its relationship to the contemporary mathematical scene? And what can the history of population arithmetic tell us about the way analytical methods in social mathematics arise? (EXCERPT)