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The effects of gravity and surface tension on the circular hydraulic jump for low- and high-viscosity liquids: A numerical investigation

The present work investigates the causes of the circular hydraulic jump for both low- and high-viscosity liquids in an effort to address a recent dispute in the research community. We first validate our numerical model against existing experiments and then study the effects of different parameters involved in the problem. The influences of viscosity, gravity, and surface tension on the formation of the jump are comprehensively explored. We observe a significant difference in the mechanisms behind the hydraulic jump for low- and high-viscosity liquids, which have rarely been reported. Surface tension is found to be responsible for the low-viscosity jump, while gravity dominates the high-viscosity jump, which partially resolves the recent noise regarding the cause of the jump in a consistent manner.