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Evaluation of dissolved carbon dioxide and methane at three tropical hydroelectric reservoirs

This study on gas concentration profiles was developed as a task of the "Carbon Balance Project of Furnas Centrais Elétricas S.A." (http://www.dsr.inpe.br/projetofurnas/). Carbon balance projects quantify carbon flow rates in the biosphere, including the flow of greehouse gases (GHG). This information contributes to the assessment of antropically modified systems, allowing their comparison to the undisturbed original environments. In our budget studies we considered a reservoir a compartment o f the type commonly called a b laek box, one in which intemal processes such as primary production or other chemical changes are not considered. Only carbon inputs and outputs are quantified because our budgets are flow budgets in which instantaneous carbon inflows and outflows are quantified. The problem ofmethane (CH4) emission by water passing through turbines ( degassing) is a source of debate. This work focused on the importance of the hypolimnion layer and its high CH4 concentration. Several situations indicate that the intake water to the turbines comes from this layer; however, researchers should consider that all water intakes are situated at the hypolimnion layer. During August 2006, we made 3 study trips to 3 hydroelectric reservoirs: Furnas, Mascarenhas de Moraes (Peixoto) and Luiz Carlos Barreto (Estreito). We estimated the GHG dissolved in the water from savanna-type reservoirs and compared them with other reservoirs located in the Amazonian forest. These comparisons are important because Amazonian reservoirs have been typically used for extrapolations of emissions ( degassing) of GHG by other hydroelectric reservoirs located in the Brazilian territory.