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Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide Role in Anchoring Gold Nanoparticles onto Liposome Surface for Triggering the Drug Release

Liposomes with their capacity to anchor gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto their surface are used in the treatment of several pathologies such as cancer. The objective of this work was the optimization of the vesicle composition by using cationic agents in order to reinforce the anchoring process of AuNPs, and for the study of the influence of local temperature and vesicle size on drug release. A Plackett–Burman design was conducted to determine the optimal composition for the anchoring of AuNPs. A comprehensive study of the influence of lipid bilayer composition on the surface charge, size, and polydispersity index (PdI) of liposomes was carried out. Afterwards, in vitro release studies by dialysis were performed and several release parameters were evaluated as a function of temperature. Cholesterol was fixed as the rigid agent and Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) was selected as the cationic lipid into the liposome bilayer. Photomicrographs revealed that DDAB facilitated the anchoring of AuNPs onto the liposomal surface. The anchoring of AuNPs also enhanced the amount and rate of calcein released, especially in extruded samples, at several incubating temperatures. In addition, it was observed that both the anchoring of AuNPs and the calcein release were improved by increasing the surface of the vesicles. The contributions of liposome composition (DDAB inclusion, incubation temperature, anchoring of AuNPs) and size and surface availability of the vesicles on calcein release could be used to design improved lipid nanostructures for the controlled release of anticancer drugs.