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Rethinking the Middle/Upper Paleolithic Transition [and Comments and Replies]

This paper critically examines previous statements concerning the nature of the Middle/Upper Paleolithic transition in Western Europe. Mellars's overview of the transition in southwestern France forms the point of departure for discussion. Several of Mellars's contentions are modified in light of methodological weaknesses and recently available data. It is suggested that many observed Middle/Upper Paleolithic differences are best understood with reference to a restructuring of social relations across the boundary. This is seen to be consistent with the suggestions of Sally and Lewis Binford based on mortuary practices and lithic variability.