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Removal of Organic Micropollutants from Riverine Waters using Constructed Wetlands: A Mesocosms Experiment

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a viable technology that can remove organic micropollutants (OMPs) through synergic processes that involve interactions between vegetation biomass and microorganisms, such as hydrolysis, volatilization, sorption, biodegradation, and photolysis. This is accomplished through a combination of design conditions of the wetlands, such as the hydraulic retention times, type of particulate material, and type of selected plant. In this study, the elimination of alkylphenols (AFs), atrazine (ATZ), methyl dihydrojasmonate (MDHJ), caffeine (CAF), and galaxolide (GAL) in horizontal sub-surface flow CWs was evaluated in a pilot system consisting of eight mesocosms with surface areas of 0.6 m. Four of them were filled with river gravel and the other four were filled with volcanic gravel (tezontle). Six of the systems were planted with Typha latifolia (Ty), Cyperus papyrus (Cyp), and Phragmites australis (Phr) in each of the support mediums, and two of the wetlands remained without plants and were used as control cases. The systems were fed with synthetic river water, in which the concentrations of AFs, ATZ, MDHJ, CAF, and GAL were similar to those historically and currently found in the Nexapa river (Mexico), and the hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 1, 3 and 5 days were used. The results of this study allow to conclude that planted horizontal sub-surface flow CWs can eliminate OMPs from riverine waters with efficiencies (OMP, plant, HRT) between 54 (AFs, Cyp, 1day) and 98% (CAF,.Typ, 5 days).