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Chronic Pain and Self‐efficacy: The Effects of Age, Sex, and Chronicity

Abstract: Higher self‐efficacy (SE) is associated with lower pain ratings in chronic pain patients, although longer experience with chronic pain leads to lower SE scores. Self‐efficacy in pain patients does not appear to be clearly related to sex or age, however. This study investigated the effects of gender, age, length of pain experience (chronicity) on SE and pain ratings.