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Internal colonialism and its effects

This Chapter notes that the Brexit vote called into question the whole idea of a United Kingdom and a Union with Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. These countries had been colonised by the English in much the same way that the Empire’s overseas colonies had been created. It overviews the way the Celtic areas were taken over and regarded as socially and culturally backward while being dominated politically and exploited for labour and food. It covers the conquest of the countries from Ireland in 1169, and attempts to Anglicise them through religion, language and education. It describes the secession of 22 counties to form the Republic of Ireland, with 6 counties remaining as Northern Ireland, and the eventual dependence in 2017 of the Conservative Party on votes from the Democratic Unionist Party to put laws required for Brexit in place.