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[Metabolic Stone assessment: Underused tool and how to implement it on daily practice.]

Nephrolithiasis is a highly prevalent disease presenting itself mostly at a working age, which leads to a great economic burden on health system. Kidney Stone disease should be viewed as a systemic disorder,associated with or predictive of hypertension, insulin resistance, chronic kidney disease and cardiovasculardamage. According to current guidelines and evidence,a full screening of risk factors for kidney stones and for cardiovascular damage should be recommended in all cases of kidney stone disease, yet it is rarely performed, and a real-world clinical practice is lacking. The aim of this narrative literature is to serve as guidance for a patient-tailored dietary suggestion after a clinical and biochemistry evaluation, with limited resources, and still offer a rational management of kidney stone patients. Meta-analysis, systematic review, experimental studies, case-control plus high-impact factor journals PubMed and EMBASE, on the topic were included. Search criteria included metabolic profile, metabolic work-up, kidney stone, urolithiasis between 2010 and 2020.