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Lithium carbonate and kidney function. A failure in renal concentrating ability.

Three patients with manic-depressive illness who were successfully treated with lithium carbonate developed polyuria and polydipsia at varying periods after starting treatment. Water deprivation studies revealed a defect in renal concentrating ability which was not corrected by the administration of vasopressin injection. None of the patients had elevated urine volumes prior to lithium carbonate therapy, and there was no evidence of other conditions which might have affected renal concentrating ability.