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A Social Location Theory of Gender

This chapter analyses three main themes present in gender stereotypes around the globe: the family as a private sphere of male control, heteronormative marriage and women’s subservience to men, and women’s fitness for emotional and care labour. These stereotypes reveal that gender is a class system that consolidates power and resources in the hands of gender-conforming men by exploiting women’s labour. These stereotypes also reveal that gendered borders not only passively reflect the distribution of gendered ways of being, but they actively create a gendered underclass through the imagined relevance of neatly-ordered sexed bodies. Women, far from being a natural biological kind, are made to be the gendered ‘Other’ by an interconnecting network of beliefs, behaviours, customs, and institutions. Membership in this sociopolitical class is the only thing that women have in common as women. Given this insight into what it is to be a woman, I argue that gender justice requires the abolition of gendered borders.