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Insight into SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants in Saudi Arabian genomic isolates.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the emergent mutations involved in the evolutionary stages of the virus for better management of pandemic.


METHODS
This cross-sectional genomic investigation was performed on February 28, 2022, at the Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University. Numerous mutations were searched in genomic isolates of Omicron variant prevalent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabian. Whole-genome sequences were retrieved from genomic databases and were subjected to the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) CoVsurver for the Omicron variant detection and mutations.


RESULTS
Approximately 8.755 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes were reported to GISAID on February 28, 2022, of which 1270 have been reported from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Among the 1270 genomes, 30 were Omicron variants. Among the Saudi Arabian genomes, 30 were detected as Omicron variants. Twenty-four unique mutations have been detected in membrane, envelope, spike and non-structural proteins (NSP) 12, NSP3, and NSP2. Ten of these unique mutations have been detected in spike protein.


CONCLUSION
The current study provides useful information for further experimental investigation of mutation's effects on virus transmission, severity, and vaccine efficacy.