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Homocysteine thiolactone and protein homocysteinylation: mechanistic studies with model peptides and proteins.

In vitro incubations were performed to show that homocysteine thiolactone could generate covalent adducts with model peptides and proteins. MS and MS/MS data suggest that the thiolactone reacts with the side-chain amino group of lysine residues as well as with the N-terminal amino group or C-terminal carboxy group. For larger peptides and proteins, the contribution from the in-amino groups of lysine residues should be predominant. These data could help explain the detrimental effects of elevated levels of homocysteine and homocysteine thiolactone.