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Potential adverse effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids: Influence of lipid oxidation on lymphatic transport of lipophilic bioactive components and cell morphology

One of the most effective ways to enhance the bioavailability of highly lipophilic food components is to facilitate their chylomicron‐based lymphatic transport by oral administration with dietary lipids. However, lipids that contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are highly susceptible to oxidation. Ingestion of oxidized lipids is associated with numerous kinds of health risk, including diabetes, tumor development, and atherosclerosis. In addition, the oxidation of lipids may affect the absorption of other lipophilic bioactive components in foods. In this study, we compared the effect of oxidized and unoxidized linoleic acid (LA) on the transport of a highly lipophilic bioactive compound (5‐hydroxy‐6,7,8,4′tetramethoxylflavone or 5‐DMT) using a Caco‐2 cell model. Unoxidized LA improved the bioavailability of 5‐DMT by stimulating chylomicron production. Oxidized LA also enhanced the transport of 5‐DMT, however, it significantly affected the morphology of the Caco‐2 monolayer, and especially the tight junctions. Our results suggest that oxidized PUFAs may alter the transport pathway of lipophilic bioactives, which may influence their subsequent distribution and metabolism in the human body.