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Performance improvement of an ultra-wideband antenna using textile material with a PIN diode

Wearable antennas are critical in on-body wireless communications and have piqued scientists’ curiosity. Because wearable antennas work so near to the human body, the loading effect caused by body tissue breakdown, along with their high dielectric constants and conductivity, makes developing a high-radiation output antenna challenging. The demand that these antennas be lightweight, low-cost, maintenance-free, and require no setup adds to the problem. In recent years, the demand for wearable devices has skyrocketed. Wearable antennas are utilized in a variety of applications, including wireless body area networks (WBANs), in many circumstances. The patch antenna is one of the primary research goals of wearable antennas for WBAN applications due to the extensive ground plane employed in its construction and its relatively high directionality. In addition to directivity, microstrip patch antennas provide other benefits for on-body wearable applications. The wearable textile ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna’s frequency of changes versus gain is set. The maximum gain is about 17.2 dB at 16 GHz. The gain of the frequency of 14 GHz is obtained at 16.8 dB, with a high performance rate. The design in the present paper has low power consumption as a result of achieving gain results of less than 5 dB in most frequency bands from 2 to 16 GHz. While the reflector is present, the size of the reflector is chosen to make the antenna resistant to frequency detuning. When the distance between the monopole and the reflector is lowered, the antenna’s frequency decreases. The greater power, the closer the reflector is to the inductive near zone. However, the reflector was chosen to boost the front-to-back ratio of the proposed monopole. The reflection coefficient is derived by varying different resonating frequencies between −19.45 and −16.45 dB. The highest directivity is 11.5 dB and the lowest is 9.8 dB while varying different resonant frequencies. Gain is achieved by varying different resonant frequencies, with a maximum of 17.2 dB and a minimum of 16.2 dB. The effectiveness of varying different resonant frequencies is 45% maximum and 40% minimum. The suggested UWB antenna was found to have an acceptable agreement between models and tests, demonstrating its potential for microwave applications. The directivity, gain, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and radiation pattern are all performance metrics that are measured.