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Personalising nutrition for older adults: The InCluSilver project

Ageing is associated with a decline in health and an increase in age-related disease. However, the rate of biological ageing is not consistent between individuals and is not completely determined by genes. The rate of ageing and health decline is influenced by the environment and can be manipulated experimentally (e.g. by regulating metabolism). This highlights the potential for appropriate nutrition in order to maintain metabolic health as we age. Such interventions could consequently increase health-span and quality of life of an ageing population. However, public health advice about nutrition, such as consumption of two portions of fish each week (one of which should be oily) and eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables daily, is focused on the population as a whole. It may not address an older individual’s specific nutrient requirements to maintain health during ageing. The InCluSilver project, supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 programme, seeks to address this challenge through personalised nutrition for older adults. Personalised dietary recommendations should be fine-tuned to an individual’s age, health, phenotype/genotype, activity, preferences and/or motivations, and framed by evidence from clinical trials. However, currently the dietary evidence base in older adults is small. Long-term studies that investigate dietary modifications in older individuals who are malnourished or over-nourished are needed to inform potential strategies. A wider food perspective will be necessary for successful implementation of personalised nutrition to support healthy ageing. This may include technologies that enable users to monitor their nutritional and health status for the purpose of motivating dietary adherence.