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Value of p16INK4a in the diagnosis of low‐grade urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in urinary cytology

The sensitivity of urinary cytology for the diagnosis of urothelial carcinomas is low, particularly in low‐grade carcinomas. The UroVysion test is a fluorescent in situ hybridization multiprobe assay that increases the sensitivity of urinary cytology. However, this test is not widely available. P16INK4a, a protein involved in cell cycle progression, is overexpressed in urothelial carcinoma. Immunocytochemical expression of p16INK4a has been examined in biopsy samples from urothelial carcinomas, but few studies have addressed this protein in urine cytology.