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The reproductive cycle of the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta): sex steroid levels and sexual receptivity under controlled photoperiods.

During a photoperiodically regulated breeding season, the relation between sexual receptivity, gonadal hormones, and vaginal cornification was examined in 6 parous ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) throughout the course of 9 ovarian cycles. We monitored estrous cycles by daily vaginal smears, and the duration of receptivity was determined by repeated pair tests (15 min) with one or more stud males, which were separated from the female before ejaculation. Concentrations of estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Mean (±SEM) peak concentrations of E2 (120 ± 30 pg/ml) were observed on the first day of fully cornified vaginal smears, i.e., during vaginal estrus. Receptivity occurred 26.33 ± 6.75 h after the E2 peak and persisted for 21.66 ± 5.76 h. Some females showed partner preference during the receptive period. Progesterone concentrations, which were low (3.3 ± 2.4 ng/ml) on the day of the E2 peak, rose gradually to peak values (92.5 ± 15.5 ng/ml) about 26 days later. A...