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Intracellular Localization of hsp90 Is Influenced by Developmental Stage and Environmental Estrogens in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

In this study, we investigated the intracellular localization of heat shock proteins hsp90 and hsp70 in adult and juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and in juvenile trout exposed to estrogen or one of its mimics, 4‐nonylphenol (4‐NP). Livers were harvested from each group and analyzed directly or separated into nuclear and nonnuclear fractions. We found that hsp70 was predominantly nonnuclear in mature and juvenile fish regardless of treatment. Mature fish had significantly greater levels of hsp90 outside the nucleus, while juvenile fish had similar levels of hsp90 inside and outside the nucleus. Treatment with estradiol or 4‐NP resulted in a translocation of hsp90 out of the nucleus in juvenile fish. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a development‐ and/or estrogen‐dependent shift in intracellular localization of hsp90 in fish. This change in subcellular distribution points to important roles for this hsp in fish estrogen signaling and development.