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The Ordering Source and Graded Modality in Gitksan Epistemic Modals

Gitksan represents a class of languages with epistemic modals that appear to have variable modal force. This presents a challenge to the standard analysis of modality that treats modal force as quantification over possible worlds. The claim pursued here is that epistemic modals in languages such as Gitksan have fixed quantification over an epistemic modal base, but that a contextually-determined ordering source is responsible for deriving the variability in modal force. This approach is compared to another recent proposal which treats the same phenomena as deriving from a choice function over the modal base.