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Identifying Common Patterns of Discourse and Strategy among the New Extremist Movements in Europe: The Case of the English Defence League and the Bloc Identitaire

ABSTRACT The last decade has marked a significant change in the European political landscape: along with the electoral breakthrough of right-wing extremist/populist parties, there has been a re-emergence of the street extremist movement phenomenon with the creation of several groups that call for defence of the national identity of their respective countries. The UK and France both experienced this phenomenon through the creation of the English Defence League (EDL) in 2009, and through the rise of the ‘Bloc Identitaire’ in France. This article examines the characteristics of these groups and focuses on how European and state policies shape their discourses. I argue that regardless of their differences, the national context or the state policies, the new extremist movements share common patterns of discourse and I identify these.