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The association between alcohol consumption and self-reported current depression among adults residing in Brazil.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between binge and heavy drinking and self-reported current depression (SRCD) in a representative population-based sample of adults residing in Brazil.


METHODS
The sample for this study was based on the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey. SRCD was accessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), a valid eight-item depression measure for population-based studies instrument. The association between binge/heavy drinking and SRCD was investigated using weighted and adjusted multivariable logistic regression models.


RESULTS
Out of the final study sample of 59 399 Brazilians, 47.2% were young adults, 34.6% were middle age adults and 52.4% were females. The prevalence of binge drinking was 13.8%, of heavy drinking was 3.2% and SRCD was 7.6%. There was a significant weighted and adjusted association between binge drinking and SRCD among young and middle age females (OR = 1.5, 95% CI:1.1-2.0 and OR = 0.6, 95% CI:0.4-0.8, respectively) and between heavy drinking and SRCD among young and middle age males (OR = 1.8, 95% CI:1.2-2.8 and OR = 2.5, 95% CI:1.5-4.1, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
The possible protective factor of binge drinking for SRCD among middle-aged Brazilian females needs to be further investigated and understood. Longitudinal research is needed to provide further evidence of associations found in this study.