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A Microwave Glucose Sensor with Improved Sensitivity Using the Nonlinearity of PIN Diodes

In this paper, a microwave glucose sensor with improved sensitivity is proposed. We design the sensor by taking advantages of metamaterial structures, in which mush-room configuration is employed and the active element PIN diodes are applied as well. Especially, we explore to enhance the glucose sensing sensitivity with studying the nonlinear property of PIN diodes by actuating PIN diodes with different voltages. Simulated results show that the glucose sensor with PIN diodes possesses sensitivity of 7-times higher than that without PIN diodes.