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ON STEADY AVALANCHES OF DENSE GRANULAR MEDIA

Dense granular media have a high solid fraction and each grain has contacts with its neighbors. Despite their compactness, dense granular media have the possibility of flowing like liquids. However, the constitutive relations describing their rheology is not easy to deduce from laboratory experiments because the ratio between the size of the apparatus and the size of a grain cannot be made as large as desired. It is thus important to understand the role of the boundaries and to study the possibility of inferring from experimental results the behavior of an infinite granular medium. We focus here on avalanches over heaps which are perhaps the most famous examples of dense flows.