{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.030476190476190476, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0038095238095238095, 'mean_word_length': 5.408536585365853, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
[Changes of plombage-operations in respiratory surgery].

The first plombage-operation for pulmonary tuberculosis was by Dr. Nagaishi (1947) and Dr. Wilson, who developed the plombage method employing hollow polymethylmethacrylate spheres. Although the method presented a relatively effective option at a time when no effective drugs were available, its use was discontinued because of such complications as lung injury, cavity-perforation, and empyema. Therefore, soft elastic resin materials, such as those used in sponge-plombage and air-plombage, replaced the hard resin materials. Each plombage method is associated with a certain medical historical period, in Japan. Still the "Kinchyu" method was used. However, the complication of chronic empyema with bronchopleural fistula was difficult to treat. A notable recent method is the pedicled omentum plombage method, which is effective in the treatment of patients who have not responded to standard operations. Finally there was surely a clinical significance in each medical historical period.