{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.017080745341614908, 'fraction_numerical': 0.009316770186335404, 'mean_word_length': 5.964864864864865, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Reduction of Complications: Should Peripheral Intravenous Catheter be Replaced every 72–96 Hours?

Background:Peripheral Intravenous Catheter replacement is a painful, time-consuming, and costly procedure. The current guidelines of Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the routine replacement of the Peripheral Intravenous Catheter every 72 to 96 hours among the adult inpatients to reduce the level of phlebitis and catheter-related blood stream infection. The recent studies questioned the effectiveness of the traditional practice of routine replacement in preventing the occurrence of phlebitis and reducing in catheter-related bloodstream infection. Objective:The main purpose of this review is to come up with evidence to prove the effectiveness of replacing the Peripheral Intravenous Catheter when there is a clinical indication comparedwith instructions from theCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, which recommends changing the Peripheral Intravenous Catheter every 72 to 96 hours. Methods:PICO (population, intervention, comparison and outcomes) approach was used to facilitate the research. The eBook collection at Saint Louis University(EBSCOhost) and the Cochran databases were searched as primary sources of literature to answer the evidence review question ‘Is replacing the Peripheral Intravenous Catheter access when there is clinical indication more effective than replacing it every 72 to 96 hours in term of occurrence rate of phlebitis, infection, and cost-reduction’. Results:The resources accounted a Meta-analysis study that included seven Randomized Controls Trials with a total number of 4895 patients; a systematic review that summarized the result of previously conducted two meta-analysis and four randomized control studies; and one set of clinical guidelines. The review yielded evidence that indicated no clinical significance from changing the Peripheral Intravenous Catheter every 72 to 96 hours. On the other hand, results show no increase in the risk of increasing phlebitis and infection rates in clinically indicated changing of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter compared with routine replacement. Conclusion:Clinical indication and routine replacement have no difference in terms of clinical significance. However, the safety and effectiveness of replacing the Peripheral Intravenous Catheter based on clinical indication is more favorable than routine replacement in the reduction of the experienced pain among the patients, workload of staff nurses, and cost related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheter replacement.