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The Role of Military Strategies in Medical Thinking

At first blush, there appears to be no relationship between military strategy and medicine. National defense and health care seem to be competing constantly for funds and for national attention. Within the culture of medicine, the metaphor of war surrounds us: the "wars" on cancer and AIDS, "battling" disease, a physician's "armamentarium," and so forth. On a more practical level, the military has made a number of important contributions to medicine, most notably in the areas of public health and trauma, and medicine has reciprocated, especially in reducing the number of casualties in war due to disease. The armed forces can make one other profound contribution to medicine: military strategies. These strategies, especially the ancient but fundamental ones, can offer a different perspective on how we actually think about problems in medicine, in areas ranging from research to clinical care. This article will demonstrate such an approach by matching quotations from the landmark military strategy text, The Art of War, by Sun Tzu (translated by Thomas Cleary) with examples in medicine which, intentionally or not, demonstrate certain military strategic concepts. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a unique perspective on everyday medicine and science. Sun Tzu, described as a Chinese warrior-philosopher, wrote The Art of War over 2,000 years ago [I]. It is a classic because of its potential for broad application and its fundamental nature. Contemporary movie