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The Strengthening and Reproduction of Stereotypes: Ethical Considerations in Conducting Research

Many sociologists are interested in studying stereotypes and stereotypical reasoning. This interest often stems from a desire to contribute to a more just and equal society. When scientists design and conduct research, they are engaged in conducting effective research in accordance with the research criteria. However, when scientists study stereotypes and stereotypical reasoning, they run the risk of reproducing and possibly even amplifying these processes, and thus harming individuals or groups of people. Scientists are constantly faced with methodological obstacles that have to be overcome in order to promote research in the most effective way. However, sometimes scientists find themselves in situations where conducting effective research may contradict ethical considerations or principles. Research projects that study stereotypes and stereotypical reasoning fall into this category. The debate on this ethical issue mainly takes the form of General discussions on the ethics of the study and weighing the purpose of the study against the potential harm to participants. While these reflections are extremely important, it is necessary to discuss how this ethical issue can be resolved in practice. The purpose of this article is to develop a set of practical recommendations for solving this ethical problem, based on the study of ethically sensitive moments experienced in the course of ethnographic research on the formation of health identity and risk. Three guiding principles are suggested: develop ethical sensitivity to identify ethically sensitive issues; ethics and methods should be taken into account when formulating and posing questions; more specifically, briefings and reviews can be used to address ethical issues; and, finally, to get participants to reflect on their views and responses.