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Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Subtypes in Human Atherosclerosis

Abstract: To clarify the involvement of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) in atherosclerotic plaque formation, we investigated the expression patterns of mRNA and protein of PPARα and PPARγ in human aorta. Atheromatous plaque, fatty streak, and diffuse intimal thickening (DIT) were separated macroscopically, and each sample was divided into halves. Half of them were used for analysis of mRNA expression with reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and the others were used for histologic analysis. Both PPARα and PPARγ mRNA were detected in all atheromatous plaques, all fatty streaks, and in some DIT. However, expressions of PPARα and PPARγ were obviously less frequently found in DIT than in atheromatous plaques, and the intensity of these expressions was stronger in the atheromatous plaques than in the DIT. Compared with PPARα, PPARγ mRNA was expressed more frequently in atheromatous plaques. In atheromatous plaques, PPARγ mRNA was expressed independently, whereas PPARα mRNA was coexpressed with PPARγ. PPARγ protein was obviously found in the nuclei of endothelial cells, macrophages, mononuclear cells, and smooth muscle cells in the aortic intima. These results suggest that expressions of PPARα and PPARγ in human aortic wall are involved in atherogenesis from the early stages.