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Interaction of Liquid Lead Bismuth and Materials in Spallation Target

Material choices for liquid lead bismuth spallation target are some of austenitic stainless steel, ferrite martensitic steel and cold-worked austenitic stainless steel. In order to ensure materials resistance to irradiation and corrosion as well as compatibility with lead bismuth, it is appropriate to lower the incident proton current density and the process temperature, in which temperature range engineering design can control to work, especially in ADS (Accelerator-Driven nuclear transmutation System) concept. The lower limit temperature is determined from the physical melting temperature and the engineering efficiency of the steam generator involved in process control. The material related issues for liquid lead bismuth are mass loss by impinging secondary flow, wettability at the device interface for ultrasonic waves application, detachable control of the slag in the flowing system, stabilized electrical resistance between the material and the liquid lead bismuth interface. Electromagnetic fluid analyses show how flow rate relates electrical resistivity of flow channel material.