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Circulating miR‐26a and miR‐21 as biomarkers for glioblastoma multiform

Glioblastoma multiform is the most common and lethal primary central nervous system tumor. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), present in cell‐free bodily fluids, have been gaining importance as cancer biomarkers. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether circulating miRNA‐128, ‐21, and ‐26a in glioblastoma patients can be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Venous blood samples were collected from 11 noncancerous volunteers and 15 glioblastoma patients pre‐ and post operation. Also, tissue tumor samples were obtained intra‐operationally to assay consistency of miRNA levels in serum and tissue samples. Serum and tissue levels of miRNAs were determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. miR‐21 and miR‐26a were both significantly upregulated in pre‐ and postoperation serum samples of glioblastoma patients compared with the serum samples of noncancerous controls. We found that all three miR‐128, ‐21, and ‐26a expression levels were reduced in postoperative serum samples compared with pre‐operative serum samples, though this decrease was only significant for miR‐26a. The serum miR‐26a and miR‐21 upregulation in glioblastoma patients compared to noncancerous controls and their downregulation in postoperative serum from glioblastoma patients suggest that these miRNAs could be used as serum‐derived miRNA biomarkers for glioblastoma.