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The Sly Text: Contradiction and Parody in the Libro de buen amor

Abstract This article highlights Juan Ruiz's use of contradiction and parody to subvert authoritative social and textual constructs of the fourteenth century. A specific examination of the various contradictory elements of the epic battle between Flesh/Lent (Carnal/Cuaresma) demonstrates how Juan Ruiz transgresses the boundaries of hegemonic sensibilities to maintain a more complex expression of the populist influences on his text. Using Antonio Gramsci's theory of the national-popular, the perceived clash of popular and formal spirituality is rendered intelligible, permitting the reader to understand that ideology is both a product of the ruling classes and influenced by a multivocal society.