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The Parish Republic: Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party, 1939-1945. By Yeshayahu Jelinek. East European Monographs, 14. Boulder, Colo.: East European Quarterly, 1976. viii, 206 pp. $11.50. Distributed by Columbia University Press, New York.

Held's contribution examines the origin and impact of one important element in the Czech national tradition, Hussitism. Victor S. Mamatey's discussion of the forces which led to the establishment of an independent Czechoslovak state after World War I and Josef Anderle's treatment of domestic and foreign policy developments in the interwar period illustrate the continuing impact of external factors on events in Czechoslovakia and also summarize the most important aspects of domestic politics during these periods. Edward Taborsky considers similar topics in his essay on the occupation and the war years. Although certain of these essays tend to emphasize developments in the Czech Lands, most of them also discuss the often differing situation in Slovakia, thus providing some insight into the factors which have contributed to the persisting differences in the objective situations and attitudes of Czechs and Slovaks. Taken together, they illustrate the importance of history in understanding contemporary developments in Czechoslovakia and the problems faced by leaders and peoples in small nations. The essays by Ivan Svitak, Jan F. Triska, and Jifi Valenta highlight the influence of these factors in the contemporary period, with particular emphasis on the reform period of 1968, opposition and dissent in the post-1968 era, and the relationship between the Prague Spring and Eurocommunism. Otto Ulc and George Klein provide brief evaluations of the operation of the judicial system and the economy. These essays contain interesting interpretations, but, taken as a whole, this section of the book is somewhat less satisfactory than the one dealing with earlier periods. The essay by Svitak, for example, and the brief samples of his writings included in the appendix, provide a useful illustration of the perspectives of a participant in one segment of the reform movement. Neither they nor the references to the Prague Spring contained in the essays by Triska and Valenta, however, can substitute for a more detailed analysis of the reform period outlining the main actors and groups involved in the process, the underlying causes of the movement, and its development and demise. The heavy emphasis on politics in this section also means that there is little consideration of social and cultural developments. Despite these omissions, this remains a valuable book, particularly for the purposes the editors discuss in the introduction. Because it is relatively short and spans a number of disciplines, it should be very useful as a source of background information, particularly in advanced undergraduate and introductory graduate courses on Czechoslovakia, Eastern Europe, and comparative communism.