{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.00760043431053203, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004343105320304018, 'mean_word_length': 5.026143790849673, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Superconducting filters for radio astronomy

Superconducting filters provide extremely low loss and very sharp transitions from stop bands to pass bands and are therefore ideal for cutting out interference in a radio astronomy receiver. The collaborative work between the Jodrell Bank Observatory operated by the University of Manchester and the University of Birmingham has produced a range of filters operating in a number of observation bands between around 400 MHz and 8 GHz. Some of these filters have been tested in receivers and used for astronomy. This paper discusses the design of HTS filters, the mounting of the filters into a cooled receiver and the improved results obtained in astronomical observations. In addition, such a filter has been designed to operate in each element in a focal plane array, in this case a large number of filters are required in the array and miniaturization is a crucial criteria