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Vascular effects of aerobic exercise training in rat adult offspring exposed to hypoxia‐induced intrauterine growth restriction

Prenatal hypoxia, one of the most common consequences of complicated pregnancies, leads to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and impairs later‐life endothelium‐dependent vascular function. Early interventions are needed to ultimately reduce later‐life risk for cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise training has been shown to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Whether exercise can be used as an intervention to reverse the vascular phenotype of this susceptible population is unknown. Aerobic exercise training enhanced endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization‐mediated vasodilatation in gastrocnemius muscle arteries in male IUGR offspring, and did not improve nitric oxide‐mediated vasodilatation in IUGR offspring. Understanding the mechanisms by which exercise impacts the cardiovascular system in a susceptible population and the consideration of sexual dimorphism is essential to define whether exercise could be used as a preventive strategy in this population.