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United States of Europe or Free Trade Zone? No Thanks!

This article seeks to unravel the theoretical implications of Slavoj Žižek’s plea for a leftist Eurocentrism, focusing specifically on his defence of the ‘No’ vote in the French and Dutch referenda on the European Constitution (29 May and 1 June 2005, respectively). While most liberal commentators have read these results as a blow to the hopes of a United Europe against the overwhelming geopolitical power of the United States, Žižek argues that the French and Dutch ‘No’ votes express a deep-seated desire for a radically changed idea of Europe - a desire disclosing the need to move beyond the very notion of liberal democracy in order to ‘reinvent that which is to be defended’: democracy itself. While exploring the theoretical background to Žižek’s argument on Europe through an in-depth analysis of its psychoanalytic foundations (Lacan), the article also contextualizes it within the Marxist tradition, looking particularly at Lenin’s 1915 pamphlet, ‘On the Slogan for a United States of Europe’.