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Stomach and duodenum.

DOI:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000477 This section highlights significant articles published within the past year pertinent to the stomach and duodenum. Experts from around the world have contributed chapters summarizing the literature and included expert commentary. The following chapters are included: ‘Duodenal chemosensing’ by Drs. Iwasaki et al. (pp. 422– 427); ‘Gastroduodenal motility disorders’ by Drs. Tack et al. (pp. 428–435); ‘Advances in management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding’ by Drs. Holzwanger et al. (pp. 436–443); ‘Evolving techniques for ERCP in gastric bypass patients’ by Drs. Wang and Ryou (pp. 444–450); ‘Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors: fact or fake news?’ by Dr. Schubert (pp. 451–457); ‘Guilt by association: intestinal metaplasia does not progress to gastric cancer’ by Drs. Graham and Zou (pp. 458–464); and ‘Advances in the treatment of gastric cancer’ by Dr. Ilson (pp. 465–468). These reviews are intended to update physicians and researchers regarding recent developments in gastroduodenal physiology and pathophysiology as well as clinical management of common gastrointestinal disorders. I thank the reviewers for their excellent contributions. Gut luminal chemosensing is a relatively novel concept that plays an important role in gut physiology (e.g. absorption, hormone secretion, bicarbonate secretion, motility, inflammation and appetite). An enhanced understanding of the pathways through which nutrients (e.g. long-chain fatty acids), endogenous substances (e.g. bile acids), bacterial metabolites (e.g. short-chain fatty acids) and bacterial components (e.g. lipopolysaccharide) regulate organ function should lead to novel therapies to limit mucosal injury, treat metabolic disorders and manage irritable bowel syndrome. Functional dyspepsia and gastric dysmotility are amongst the most common and difficult to manage disorders encountered in gastrointestinal practice. Although testing for Helicobacter pylori and eradication, if present, is generally recommended for patients with functional dyspepsia, the effect is modest with only a minority achieving resolution after eradication. This notion was corroborated in a recent Japanese study that reported that successful eradication in 440 patients did not alter symptoms.