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Stents in the Gastrointestinal Tract in Palliative Care

Even now, many gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are significantly advanced and incurable at presentation. Unresectable malignancies frequently lead to luminal obstruction and reobstruction after surgical resection caused by local recurrence or lymph node metastasis may occur. The consequences of GI obstruction can be serious, including intolerance of oral intake and deterioration of quality of life. Stents now play a significant role in relieving obstructive symptoms in these patients. Regarding the esophagus, plastic prostheses have been used for a long time, but were associated with frequent serious complications. Introduced in the early 1990s, self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) (Table 13.1) are more flexible and provide a significant decrease in the incidence of stent-related complications, as well as use in other organs such as the duodenum and colorectum. Although conventional treatment for obstruction of the GI tract has been palliative surgery, such as gastroenterostomy or colostomy, the fact that unresectable GI obstruction is often contents