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Investigation and optimization of low-power techniques in X-band CMOS LC-VCO design

This paper investigates the optimization method for two low-power circuit techniques in low-power LC-VCO designs: Transformer feedback and forward body-bias. In addition to theoretical analysis, a low-power, low-voltage X-band VCO using these two techniques has also been implemented in a standard 0.18µm CMOS technology. This VCO exhibits good FOM and of •191.4dBc/Hz while the core circuit draws a DC current of 2.73mA from 0.55V low supply voltage. The excellent performance can be compared with the best reported X-band CMOS VCOs.