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Performance evaluation and resource allocation in HetNets under joint offloading and frequency reuse

Offloading users from an overloaded macro base station (BS) to a lightly loaded small cell BS is critical to alleviate the congestion of the macro BSs. However to overcome the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) degradation of the offloaded users, offloading should be done in conjunction with an efficient interference management technique. Strict fractional frequency reuse (Strict-FFR) is an attractive interference management technique due to its bandwidth efficiency and its fitness to orthogonal frequency division multiple access based cellular networks. We provide a mathematical framework for evaluating the performance of the users under a flexible user association and a Strict-FFR interference management mechanism. Furthermore, we propose a novel resource allocation mechanism based on the BSs bias values and FFR thresholds that achieves higher user throughput and rate coverage probability. The accuracy of analysis and the effectiveness of the Strict-FFR mechanism is verified by numerical experiments in different scenarios.