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Gametophyte development and reproduction of the Asian fern Polystichum polyblepharum (Roem. ex Kunze) C. Presl (Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiopsida)

Abstract The gametophytic generation of Polystichum polyblepharum (Dryopteridaceae), including spore germination, morphological development of the gametophytes, major vegetative features and reproduction strategies, was studied. Spore germination was of the Vittaria model and the developmental pattern was of the Aspidium model. Adult gametophytes were cordate and hairy, with unicellular hairs located at the margins and at the prothallus surface. The marginal ones were secretory. The gametophytes produced archegonia located in the central area between the notch and the rhizoids, but antheridia were never detected. Archegonia were of the normal type described for leptosporangiate ferns. Apogamous sporophytes appeared from a cellular outgrowth developed just under the apical notch. Initially, the outgrowth appeared completely surrounded by glandular hairs and scales, which persisted throughout the subsequent stages of leaf development.