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Integration of load scheduling and direct load control for effective demand management

Requirement for network upgrade as a result of recent increase in peak demands has been a primary driver in the rise of electricity price in recent years. Additionally, the large deployment of variable renewable energy resources increases the risk of supply-demand mismatch, consequently, reducing the reliability of power system. These challenges will doubtless raise the need for a more sophisticated grid and demand response programs. The paper presents a detailed literature review of recent demand management strategies along with their limitations. The requirement for studying Load Scheduling and Direct Load Control in a single power network setup is highlighted. Additionally, the shortfalls of different tariff designs are discussed and the complexities in designing cost-reflective tariffs are presented. The paper concludes by bringing forward the attributes of an effective tariff design as well as proposing an economically viable system architecture for load scheduling as well as direct load control.