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Beta-hairpin and beta-sheet formation in designed linear peptides.

Recent knowledge about the determinants of beta-sheet formation and stability has notably been improved by the structural analysis of model peptides with beta-hairpin structure in aqueous solution. Several experimental studies have shown that the turn region residues can not only determine the stability, but also the conformation of the beta-hairpin. Specific interstrand side-chain interactions, hydrophobic and polar, have been found to be important stabilizing interactions. The knowledge acquired in the recent years from peptide systems, together with the information gathered from mutants in proteins, and the analysis of known protein structures, has led to successful design of a folded three-stranded monomeric beta-sheet structure.