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Jesus, the Tribulation, and the End of the Exile

Chapter One: Introduction Pitre begins his work with his thesis statement (1.1), which sets forth his two primary objectives of the study: to “attempt to trace the development and shape of the concept of eschatological tribulation in late Second Temple Judaism” (2, emphasis in original); and “to determine whether the historical Jesus ever spoke or acted on the basis of his own expectation of a period of eschatological tribulation” (3, emphasis in original). He posits at the outset that the evidence he surveys will show that Jesus did in fact speak and act in a manner consistent with Jewish expectation of the eschatological tribulation as demonstrated through an examination of late Second Temple Judaism. This specific belief and hope is demonstrably tied to the Jewish conviction of the ingathering of the twelve tribes from among the nations (4).