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Restoring meaning in life by meaning-focused coping: The role of self-distancing.

Meaning-focused coping is an important coping strategy in the face of stressful life events. The "construal level theory" and recent research suggest that reflecting on a stressful situation from a self-distanced stance (temporal or spatial) allows individuals to find meaning in negative life events; however, its long-term effects have not yet been explored. The present research had two main goals: (1) to determine whether distanced meaning making enhances meaning in life and (2) to explore the underlying emotional mechanism of this effect. We hypothesized that positive affect (relative to negative affect) may play a more important role in the relationship between self-distanced meaning making and meaning in life. A total of 136 university students were recruited as participants in two studies. The participants were prospectively instructed to make meaning of a highly stressful event. They were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) self-immersed, (b) temporally distanced, or (c) spatially distanced. The findings indicate that both the temporally and spatially distanced perspectives in the meaning-making process can enhance meaning in life and that they do so by promoting positive affect. Implications for future research on meaning-focused coping and self-distancing are discussed.