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Chemical Imaging With X-Ray Scatter

Diagnostic radiology is based on interpreting projection images of the scalar quantity known as the x-ray total linear attenuation coefficient. While this information is adequate in many cases, there are situations where more detailed knowledge (e.g. of the chemical composition of an organ) is desirable. Such information is precluded in principle when only transmission radiation is measured. It is shown that measurement of the angular variation of the coherent and Compton radiation scattered from a small sample allows the chemical composition of the sample to be determined. Using Hubbell's compilation of atomic form factors and incoherent scatter functions for the six commonest elements of the human body, scatter data have been simulated with realistic noise components for some representative compounds. Good agreement is obtained between the amounts of each element derived from fitting the scatter data and those used to generate the data. A scatter system for chemical imaging is proposed, based on a monochromatic pencil x-ray beam and detector arc, and incorporating translation and rotation movements as in first generation transmission CT. An iterative technique is described, analogous to those developed for SPECT, which allows the spatial and angular variation of the coherent and Compton scatter strengths to be reconstructed. Chemical imaging with x-ray scatter (CIXS) appears feasible as a technique to provide information for diagnostic radiology which is unobtainable by other means.