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Treatment of dinitrotoluene in an aqueous environment by electro-peroxidisulfate process using a central composite design

In this study, through electro-peroxydisulfate (E-PDS), the removal of dinitrotoluene (DNT) in synthetic wastewater was explored. The influence of crucial parameters, including applied current, the ratio of peroxydisulfate to DNT, pH, and also the treatment time on the DNT removal was investigated. For statistical analysis and experimental design, a central composite design was applied. The quadratic model had high correlation coefficients ( R 2 = 0.999 and R 2 adjusted = 0.998). Based on experimental results, it was detected that the treatment time and the ratio of peroxydisulfate (PDS) to DNT had more influence on DNT removal. The neutral pH was observed as the optimum point. Graph of Pareto analysis offered significant information for the impact of variables on the response. The optimal condition was achieved as pH at 6.5, S 2 O 8–2 /DNT = 1.6, applied current at 2.4 A, and 40 min of reaction time. At achieved optimum conditions, about 90.9% and 67% of DNT and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were removed, respectively, and the amounts of COD were decreased from 350 to 100 mg L –1 . In the attained optimum conditions, the electrical energy consumption (EEC) and cost evaluation for E-PDS were achieved at 4.5 kWh kg –1 COD removed and 0.37 USD kg –1 COD removed, respectively.