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EFFECT OF NARCOTIC WITHDRAWAL ON NEONATAL SLEEP PATTERNS

It is known that morphine and related compounds suppress REM sleep in the adult. This study was undertaken to determine if infants of heroin and methadone-addicted mothers would exhibit altered sleep patterns in withdrawal. EOG, EMG, and respiration were recorded by multichannel polygraph on 10 infants (4 methadone, 6 heroin) for 2½-4 hr. periods prior to, during, and after chlorpromazine therapy (2.0 mg/kg/d).It was found that heroin and methadone obliterated REM sleep and that periods of quiet sleep were rare before treatment. After a minimum of 48 hrs. therapy, brief but identifiable periods of REM appeared, increasing in frequency as successful withdrawal occurred. However REM occupied a maximum of 5% of sleep time.Since this state is normally present in the newborn and is thought to be that period of sleep in which neuronal protein synthesis is most active, and since heroin and methadone suppress REM, it was concluded that suitable treatment of withdrawal is essential, not simply to relieve symptoms, but also to promote more normal and necessary sleep patterns during this critical time of brain development. This may, indeed, be especially valuable for those infants already demonstrating intrauterine growth retardation with maternal addiction.