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The Development of the Radical Party in the Third Republic: The New Radical Movement, 1926-32

1 The classic study remains A. Soulier, L'instabilite ministerielle sous la IIIe republique, 1871-1938 (Paris, 1939). 2 For the conservative view of the Radicals as opportunists skillful at winning elections but incompetent at governing, see Daniel Halevy, Decadence de la liberte (Paris, 1931) and La republique des comites (Paris, 1934); Andre Siegfried, Tableau des partis en France (Paris, 1930); and Albert Thibaudet, La republique des professeurs (Paris, 1927) and Les idees politiques de la France (Paris, 1932). The Radicals are viewed as the advocates of the petite bourgeoisie and the unfortunate policies which they sought, in D. W. Brogan, France under the Republic, 1870-1939 (New York, 1940); David Thomson, Democracy in France since 1870, 5th ed. (London, 1969); and Charles A. Micaud, "French Political Parties," in Modern Political Parties, ed. S. Neumann (Chicago, 1956). Maurice Duverger's influential study Les partis politiques (Paris, 1951) treats the party as the party of the petit bourgeois and therefore the primitive form of party organization, the "cadre" party which must give way to the mass-based Socialist and Communist parties. He associates the prolonged death struggle of the Radical party and its class with the difficulties of the Third Republic. Duverger's influence is evident in Daniel Bardonnet, L'evolution de la structure du parti radical (Paris, 1960); Peter J. Larmour, The French Radical Party in the 1930's (Stanford, Calif., 1964); and Otto Kirchheimer, "The Transformation of the Western European Party Systems," in Political Parties and Political Development, ed. J. LaPalombara and M. Weiner (Princeton, N.J., 1966). Interestingly enough, Duverger's views of the Radicals were also accepted by Radicals of the Fourth Republic who, under the leadership of Mendes-France, were seeking to renovate the party (see Claude Nicolet, Le radicalisme [Paris, 1957]; and Alain Gourdon, "Le parti radical," in Partis politiques et classes sociales en France, ed. M. Duverger [Paris, 1955]).