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Gold-copper-based biosensor for impedance analysis of mammalian adherent cells

In this work we report on the fabrication and testing of an impedance biosensor consisting of an array of gold-copper (AuCu) microelectrodes on a glass substrate. The sensor was manufactured by means of a combination of microfabrication techniques and the complete protocol is detailed within this paper. The measurement system consisted of a function generator, a lock-in amplifier and a custom-made digital demultiplexing circuit. With this setup, impedance was measured as a function of frequency and time for Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells cultured on the surface of the AuCu microelectrodes. The results show that the AuCu-based impedance biosensor manufactured with this protocol has a high sensitivity and can be used to carry out impedance measurements on mammalian adherent cells.