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Speaking for the Arabian Subaltern; Latent Orientalism in Eldon Rutter’s Journey to Mecca

The study reviews Eldon Rutter’s book “the two cities of Arabia” and makes a textual analysis of selected excerpts. Rutter’s book has long been praised for its objective tone in dealing with Islam and reporting on the religious rituals he witnessed and participated in while he was visiting Mecca in disguise as a Muslim pilgrim in the early 20th century. This study argues that while Rutter’s account does not seem to be biased against the Arabs and Muslims, there are certain instances of latent orientalism throughout his account. Said’s Orientalism and Spivak’s Subaltern are the main theoretical concepts against which the analysis and discussion are carried out. The study then compares between Rutter’s orientalism and present-day orientalism in dealing with the image of Arabs and Muslims in the media.