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ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR APPEARANCE AND PROBABLE SCENARIOS OF DEVELOPMENT ACCIDENTS WHEN UNLOADING OIL PRODUCTS AT PETROL FILLING STATIONS

The greatest potential danger to the technological scheme of a gas station (gas station) is a violation of the tightness tanker with oil products in the territory of a gas station. This can lead to an explosion of fuel vapor over the strait and the fire of the strait, as well as an explosion and fire inside the tanker truck. In these cases, the area of effect the damaging factors of the accident can be spread even outside the territory of the gas station. The main causes of emergencies at gas stations are: failure of the control and emergency protection equipment; excess of technological parameters of processes above critical values; violation of technological regimes; mechanical and corrosive wear of equipment; errors of repair and maintenance personnel; actions of external factors. The purpose of this work is to analyze the causes and the likely scenario for the development of accidents during the unloading of petroleum products at gas stations and develop recommendations for the prevention of these dangerous situations. A detailed analysis of the conditions for the occurrence and development of an accident at each stage of the oil product unloading unit is considered, and a logical scheme of emergency situations in this unit is constructed. The main hazards include the following: excess pressure in the tank above the critical value boundary, mechanical and corrosive wear of the tank truck, operating personnel errors, influence of external factors, leakage, overturning of the tank truck, formation of explosive and fire hazardous mixtures inside the tank truck, spillage of oil products, explosion, fire inside the tank truck, evaporation of the strait, fire of the strait, creation of explosive and fire hazardous mixture over the strait, explosion over the strait, destruction of building structures, equipped, injury, burns to people and the spread of the affected area outside the gas station. Recommendations on the prevention of emergency situations when unloading oil products from a tanker at gas stations and the actions of gas station employees in the event of their occurrence are developed.