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Facial characteristics in Malagasy adults: A pilot study with 64 volunteers

Context: The facial proportion is essential for preoperative and postoperative assessment in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. For many years, the neoclassical canon has commonly been used to define the facial morphology features. Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of neoclassical facial canons and explore its variants in Madagascar population. Settings and Design: This is a descriptive pilot study on facial description of young adult Madagasy volunteers. Subjects and Methods: The study group consists of 64 young adult volunteers, without facial dysmorphy (30 males and 34 females, age 18-30 years). Six neoclassical canons were measured and analyzed. Results were discussed with African, Asian, White Caucasian American and Greek. Results: The three-section facial profile canon was not equal in our population study. The majority of the subjects had a longer forehead and lower face than the middle part; sexual dimorphism was observed. The most frequent variation in the orbital proportion was a wider intercanthal distance. The nose was wider than the intercanthal distance in 100% of the subjects while the mouth width was smaller than the 1.5 nose width. The validity of all canons was poorly demonstrated in our population study. Both African and Asian facial characteristics were observed in our subjects. Conclusion: The majority of our sample does not fit the facial proportion of neoclassical canon. Therefore, it should not be regarded as a directive for facial reconstruction in Malagasy people. These findings can assist surgeons in planning facial plastic surgery for Afro-Asian patients.