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Nucleokinesis: Distinct pattern of cell translocation in response to an autocrine motility factor-like substance or fibronectin

Human lung adenocarcinoma cells develop bipolar shape with prominent pseudopodia (.:200 ,Lm) when cultured in the presence ofautocrine motility factor (AMF)-like substance or on fibronectin-coated substrata. AMF was partiady purified from a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and has a peak biological activity at a molecular mass of 67 kDa. Using time-lapse photography, we observed that during AMFor fibronectin-induced cell translocation, the nuclei of some bipolar cells are transported to the opposite end of the cell, while gross cell shape and position remain unchanged. Following this nuclear movement, which we call "nucleokinesis," the posterior pseudopodium is retracted behind the nucleus. Thus, extension of a pseudopodium followed by nucleokinesis in the game direction and retraction of the cell body behind the nucleus is a normal motile sequence in translocating bipolar cells. This suggests that nudeokinesis is a distinct step in whole-cell translbcation of bipolar cells on biological substrata and that pseudopodia can be used as nuclear transport organs. In contrast, adenocarcinoma cells cultured on artificial substrata and in the absence of AMF display a fibroblast-like motility pattern with the nucleus centrally located within the