{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.019104084321475624, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005270092226613966, 'mean_word_length': 5.904545454545454, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Construction Accidents and the Lesson Learnt from 1000 Cases

Abstract The safety management of construction projects to prevent accidents requires a thorough understanding of the ‘system mechanics’ of the causation process. Generally, this paper proposes a theoretical model of accident causation for construction projects, representing the underlying and complex interaction of factors in the causation process. The theory describes multiple paths of causation, including the constraints and responses experienced by all project participants, during project conception, design and construction, which may generate situations or provoke behaviours that can lead to increased risk of accidents. It maps causal factors of accidents, including distal and proximal factors, which may be generated by project participants. These factors are identified as contributory factors leading to disturbances of plant or equipment, structures or temporary structures, operatives, materials, services, ground and other facilities. The proximal factors have been validated by analysis of 1000 records of accident investigation provided by UK Health & Safety Executive (HSE). Further study for validating the distal factors is required since current available accident records are incomplete to cover analysis of the distal factors. It will need in depth analysis of problems encountered in pre construction stage of project development. Therefore, in this paper, hypothesised individual distal factors are presented without analysis.