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History of LCD: milestone, state-of-the-art and future directions

In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of liquid crystal display (LCD), we review a chronological development of the history of LCD from the 1950s, when liquid crystal (LC) was a laboratory curiosity, to the growth arriving upon 100 BD industry, and thus, LCD is now an indispensable information terminal in our ordinary life and business. In this chapter, we place an emphasis on how individual research group has resolved problems for getting across barriers for producing historical original products that were the rank of milestone that became seeds for the next development and current LCD. Further, we briefly introduce the current state-of-the-art LCD technologies and foresee the next direction.