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Evidence of the need for cervical cancer screening in adolescents.

Screening is an important tool for achieving secondary prevention of disease. In the middle-aged adult population screening for certain cancers is the norm. In that age group cancer is the leading cause of death. In the 10-14-year-old age group cancer is the second leading cause OF death and it is the fourth leading cause of death. Unfortunately most pediatric malignancies are not amenable to screening. However many female adolescents are at risk for cervical cancer which can easily be screened by using the Papanicolaou (PAP) smear. The Pap smear has led to a marked decrease in cervical cancer deaths. From 1973- 1999 both the incidence of and death rates for cervical cancer decreased approximately 50% in the United States (Anonymous 2002). Cervical cancer is usually caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (I-IPV) a sexually transmitted infection. Because cervical cancer is often caused by a sexually transmitted organism the behavioral risk factors for this disease relate to an individuals history of intercourse. Certain risk factors for cancer of the uterine cervix have been well established. These include early age at first inter- course and a history of multiple sexual partners. Teenage females with a history of unprotected sexual intercourse are at high risk of being infected with a sexually transmitted infection. Adolescent females ages 15-19 years old have the highest. (authors)