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Stacked slantwise convective circulations

It is well known that classical (ana) cold fronts tend to be characterized by mesoscale circulations in which upright line convection feeds a layer of concentrated rearward slantwise ascent. Occasionally, however, as in the case‐study presented in this paper, two and sometimes more of these mesoscale circulations coexist within the same cold‐frontal zone. The two slantwise circulations described were observed to be stacked one above the other with a vertical wavelength of less than 2 km. Although it is often suspected that the circulations at ana‐cold fronts are enhanced by mesoscale processes such as conditional symmetric instability (CSI) or ΔM‐adjustment, it is notoriously difficult to discriminate between these circulations and the larger‐scale transverse circulation within which they are embedded. The occurrence in this study of multiple circulations with small vertical scale helps to distinguish them from the large‐scale circulation, and this has motivated the detailed examination of this case.