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Hydatid disease in children and adolescents.

SUMMARY 
Fifty-five proven cases in patients under 20 years are presented. The sex incidence was twice as high in boys. The organs infested were: lungs, 39; liver, 11; kidney, 3; bone, 2. Study of pulmonary lesions demonstrates the progression of the disease from simple cyst, to enlargement producing pressure changes, eventual rupture into the pleural space or bronchial tree, untreated cases continuing as chronic lung abscesses. A very rare case of calcification in a pulmonary cyst is illustrated. 
 
Changes in liver lesions are mainly limited to alterations in the size and shape of the liver. With large hepatic cysts, it is postulated that the laminated membrane itself can be identified on the radiograph. 
 
Renal cysts present as masses displacing the kidneys or distorting the calyces. 
 
Bone hydatids are very uncommon, presenting as chronic cysts. A rare appearance in the vault of the skull is illustrated. 
 
The apparent prevalence of pulmonary lesions may be attributed to the rapid growth of the cysts with the earlier onset of complications, causing clinical symptoms. Cysts in the liver and other organs are more indolent, remaining clinically silent, often until adult life. 
 
Attention is drawn to the considerable variation between published series in the incidence of echinococcal infestation in this age group and in the frequency with which systems are involved.