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TSADIKIM AND PHYSICIANS

This chapter discusses the role of tsadikim and how the Jews viewed physicians. The Jewish population of eastern Europe was caught in the middle of a conflict between traditional treatments, represented by Orthodox circles, and the modern alternatives propagated by educated physicians. Tsadikim were often perceived as allies in the struggle for health and life. In the Talmud this was the term used to denote individuals of exceptional piety and probity, suffused with the grace of heaven in recognition of their virtues. Rabbis were also considered tsadikim; throughout Jewish history they would be approached for advice and prayers for the sick. The treatment process took a variety of forms, which depended not only on the type of ailment but also on the healer's own preferences. The ultimate effort that a tsadik could expend for the good of his community was the sacrifice of his life. The death of a tsadik did not mean the end of life, but marked the beginning of the holy man's constant, uninhibited access to the divine throne. Doctors were not greatly trusted; they were seen as godless proponents of Enlightenment heresies who dressed in European fashion.