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Spawning aggregations act as a bottleneck influencing climate change impacts on a critically endangered reef fish

Most projections of how climate change will affect species distributions and phenology are based on a species’ most conspicuous life stage. However, not all life stages are equally sensitive to temperature. Among fishes, spawning adults often have narrower thermal tolerances than other life stages and may constrain population responses to climate change. We tested this hypothesis using data on Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus striatus), an endangered coral reef fish.