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Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

querulous but important thinker who deserves to be taken seriously. His influence on Lagrange, Condorcet, and Laplace was not limited to the stimulation inherent in his papers on vibrating strings, lunar theory, the integration of partial differential equations, or his perverse stand on probability problems. These disciples were invariably led by d'Alembert to consider deeper issues as well, for he seldom joined in debate unless an important part of his philosophical principles was at stake. Hankins insists these principles are derived from a Cartesian attitude, though I suspect that 'Cartesianism' will ultimately prove as nettlesome a concept as 'Newtonianism' has become. What our author amply demonstrates is that it is more rewarding to struggle alongside d'Alembert as he faces major issues of his day than to provide him with an appropriate philosophical label.