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Efficient Load Balancing Scheme in 5G Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) where conventional macro cells are being overlaid with low-powered small cells and the millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies are considered as a way to efficiently enhance the spectral efficiency per area with the availability of huge bandwidths. However, how to efficiently manage small cells and mmW frequencies is still an open question. In this paper, a load balancing problem for 5G HCNs is discussed with different band operation modes and a joint user association (UA) scheme using a hybrid self-organizing network (SON) is suggested for a practical clustered HCN.