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Wetter Subtropics Lead to Reduced Pliocene Coastal Upwelling

Current global warming scenarios suggest surface temperatures may attain warmth last seen during periods of the early‐to mid‐Pliocene (5.3–3 Ma). Pliocene proxy reconstructions suggest sea surface temperatures 3–9°C warmer than today along midlatitude coastal upwelling sites. Recent climate modeling efforts focused on the mid‐Piacenzian period showed a good model‐data fit over midlatitude upwelling regions, but did not attempt to reproduce proxy records of early‐Pliocene warmth. Evidence also suggests that subtropical continents were wetter then; we show that warm coastal SSTs can be explained via such wetter land conditions near the upwelling sites. Using a global atmospheric model, we show that introducing idealized wetter conditions over subtropical continents leads to reductions in upwelling‐favorable wind events by weakening the land‐sea surface pressure gradient. The resulting weaker coastal upwelling of cold deep water can help explain the inferred warm coastal temperatures.