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Andrew David, Rüdiger Joppien & Bernard Smith (eds). The Charts and Coastal Views of Captain Cook's Voyages: The Voyage of the Endeavour (1768–1771). London: The Hak-luyt Society, 1988. Pp. Ixiv + 328. ISBN 0-9041-8023-9. £100.

Well aware of the problems facing scholars, von Staden paves the way for the reader to enjoy his book by speaking in the Introduction of his own criteria for including and excluding fragments, and of the difficulties in interpreting some Greek phrases. Whether the native Egyptian medicine had an impact on the Alexandrian counterpart is an inevitable question. Von Staden tackles the problem from a different perspective by asking a question: on what aspect of medicine could the old Egyptian medicine possibly have some influence on the Alexandrian one? He answers the question by limiting its possible influence to some aspects of sphygmology, pharmacology, and ophthalmology; certainly not the anatomy that won the Alexandrians fame through the ages. In the section that is assigned to Herophilus one finds all the information about his life, his birth date, his learning centre, and his teacher Praxagoras of Cos. Von Staden discusses also the peculiar relationship between Athens, Cos and Alexandria. Separate chapters are assigned to the spurious and genuine works, as well as to Herophilus' tripartite division of medicine, and his theory of method and cause. It is no wonder that one of the biggest chapters in the book (pp.138-241) deals with anatomy (the second is physiology and pathology; pp.242—396) the speciality that made Herophilus known as the anatomist through the ages. Tertullian's accusation of cruel vivisection is compared with the statements of Celsus, Galen and Vindician to indicate the probability of their credibility. In the chapter on physiology and pathology, von Staden finds it difficult to explain Herophilus' belief in the hindbrain as the control centre of the body and his acceptance of the humoral theory while, at the same time, neglecting the compromise solution provided in the Hippocratic treatise on the sacred disease. Herophilus' contribution to sphygmology lies in linking the pulse with the heart and the arteries and correcting his master in differentiating between tremor, spasm, palpitation and pulse. The restriction of therapeutics to the instrumental parts, allopathy, the liberal use of drugs and the use of phlebotomy are the main characteristics of Herophilus' therapeutics. Herophilus does not appear reluctant to comment on Hippocrates, interpret his difficult words and write an exegesis. Von Staden, in each chapter, not only skilfully argues and documents Herophilus' views but also gives the historical background to enable the reader to evaluate the evidence and recognize the main figures that had great influence upon Herophilus. The texts are accompanied with a critical apparatus and good English translation as well as with commentaries. Herophilus, at the end, appears as an innovator in what concerns anatomy, and generally as a Hippocratic with pre-Socratic and Aristotelian affinities. The size of the book seems to have obliged von Staden to exclude the texts of the Herophileans at the expense of a perfect work. Reflecting their time more than their own school, the Herophileans generally kept pulse-lore, pharmacology, and Hippocratic exegesis alive while anatomy breathed its last breath out with Herophilus and his immediate pupils. A new interest in surgery took its place. It would perhaps have been useful to have included a map of the Hellenistic world on which the home towns of the Herophileans are indicated as well as the presentation of the Arabic texts of which von Staden gives an English translation. This book is of extreme value to classicists as well as to historians of medicine. Our gratitude and thanks to Professor von Staden for this great work.