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Adult survival is reduced when endogenous period deviates from 24h in a non-human primate (Microcebus murinus), depending on sex and season

Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous attributes across living organisms and allow the coordination of internal biological functions with optimal phases of the environment, suggesting a significant adaptive advantage. The endogenous period called tau lies close to 24h and is thought to be implicated in individuals’ fitness: according to the circadian resonance theory, fitness is reduced when tau gets far to 24h. In this study, we measured the endogenous period of 142 mouse lemurs (Microcebus. murinus), and analyzed how it affects their survival. We found different effects according to sex and season. No impact of tau on mortality was found in females. However, in males, the deviation of tau from 24h substantially increased mortality, particularly during the inactive season (winter). These results, comparable to other observations in mice or drosophila, show that captive gray mouse lemurs enjoy better fitness when their circadian period closely matches the environmental periodicity. In addition to their deep implications in health and aging research, these results raise further ecological and evolutionary issues regarding the relationships between fitness and circadian clock.