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Structural and spectroscopic analysis of HoMn2O5 multiferroics

HoMn2O5 was synthesized using sol-gel auto combustion method and characterized through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared reflectivity, Raman, UV–visible, Photoluminescence spectroscopies at room temperature and transport properties (utilising dc- and ac- electric fields) at high temperatures. The investigation validates the crystal structure by Rietveld refinement with orthorhombic symmetry, and structural characterizations indicated a single-phase nature (space group Pbnm). The Lorentz oscillator model fitted the reflectivity spectrum to account for the infrared active optical phonons. The Raman spectrum was also measured to calculate the optical phonons. The intermediate bandgap value (1.54 eV) of HoMn2O5 indicates its ability to absorb UV radiations and make it suitable for light harvesting material. At last, the transport (dc, ac) properties have been discussed in detail within the temperature range (293–473K) and the variable range hopping conduction mechanism is confirmed in this material.