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How transactional relations contribute to adaptive developmental outcomes when young people with disabilities participate in specially designed group programs − a scoping review

Abstract Background Meta-synthesis can enhance our existing knowledge regarding experiences of participation in group-based programs designed for young people with disabilities. Aim This study aimed to identify the transactional relations between the social contexts in group programs and meaningful personal experiences and developmental processes for young people with disabilities. Method For this research, 4 electronic data-bases were searched, 3406 citations were reviewed, and 13 qualitative studies describing experiences of participation in specially designed group-based programs from the perspective of young people with disabilities were included. A meta-ethnographic approach was used to synthesise the data, and resulting categories were conceptualised in King et al.’s framework of transactional processes and adaptive development. Results Nineteen categories across six themes describing: environment, social context, social mechanisms, personal processes, meaningful experiences, and outcomes demonstrated the dynamic interrelation between social context and personal processes. Peer group interaction was essential for exploring capacities and developing strategies. Conclusion This review highlights the important role of the peer group in transferring program experiences into the everyday life contexts of young people with disabilities. It may assist professionals who are considering the use of peer groups when planning participation-focussed programs aiming to facilitate personal development for young people with disabilities.