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Book Reviews : MICHAEL CAVADINO AND JAMES DIGNAN, The Penal System: An Introduction. London: Sage Publications, 1992, 298 pp

Cavadino and Dignan cover a lot of ground in this relatively brief intoductory textbook. The first chapter reviews orthodox and radical accounts of the penal crisis, then synthesizes them in a ’radical pluralist’ approach to penal sociology. Chapter 2 discusses the standard philosophical justifications of punishment and outlines the authors’ own philosophical position based on the notion of ’positive freedom’. Chapter 3 presents a marvellously succinct account of the major traditions in sociological theory: in just 15 pages Marx, Rusche and Kirchheimer, Gramsci, Althusser, Foucault, E. P. Thompson, Durkheim and Weber are introduced, criticized and then brought together in the author’s