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The Deutsches Museum: Idea, Realization, and Objectives

The Deutsches Museum in Munich is the largest and oldest museum in Germany devoted to the history of science and technology, and ranks with the great technical museums of the world: the Science Museum in London, the Conservatoire national des arts et metiers in Paris, and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. The museum was founded in 1903 by Oskar von Miller, a Munich engineer and pioneer in the field of electrical engineering.1 He, the mathematician Walther von Dyck, and the pioneer of refrigeration engineering Carl von Linde constituted the original board of directors. The former South Kensington Museum in London and the Conservatoire national des arts et metiers served as models. The basic conception of the founders comprised a broad pedagogical and scientific goal: the exhibitions should give an encyclopedic overview of all areas of technology and exact sciences. (This is why they excluded biology and medicine.) According to its original statutes, the museum should strive “to demonstrate the historical interaction of science, technology and industry and to illustrate the most important stages of development by exhibiting eminent and characteristic masterpieces.”2 The “masterpieces” in the museum’s collections include, for example, the Magdeburger hemispheres of Otto von Guericke, the first glider of Otto Lilienthal, and the first automobile constructed by Carl Benz. The term was The Deutsches Museum