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Statistical characterization of circulation patterns and direction of turbulent flow over a waveform structure

The objective of this paper is to analyze statistically the turbulence characteristics of flow over an artificial waveform geometry in an open channel, using velocity data collected by 3‐D acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV). The joint distribution of velocity fluctuations have been studied and modeled using multivariate normal distribution, and its effectiveness is analyzed in the light of explaining turbulent bursting events, like sweeping and ejection. The relationship between the randomness in the directional variations of the 3‐D velocity fluctuations and the intensity of circulation has been studied. We have exploited this relationship and used it in conjunction with the principles of statistical clustering for splitting the region of flow, into different spatially connected segments based on circulation patterns. Directional data analysis has been adopted to visualize the flow pattern over the entire test section, in particular, the circulation bubbles in the region of separated flow. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.