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SPECULATORS AND TRAVELLERS THE POLITICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE TOURIST IN THE KÁDÁR REGIME

This paper analyses the political construction of different types of tourists present in Hungary during the period of state socialism. After the 1956 revolution was crushed, Communist leadership sought to find new ways of legitimizing its power. One of the major legitimizing factors was raising standards of living. Another was the opening of the borders that is, allowing Hungarian citizens limited possibilities for travelling abroad. This concession was rather unique within the Communist Bloc, and it was not without its own dangers from the power holders' point of view. Citizens had to be guarded, controlled and supervized, not only to come back to Hungary,but also to think and feel properly in foreign countries. This paper demonstrates the efforts of the Communist Press, to bring into being construction of the ideal enlightened Tourist who is interested in art, museums and ‘social human values’. This ideal Tourist is set against with the Speculators, whose only concern is goods, especially Western goods, and have only ‘dirty’ material interest in travelling. This construction was doomed to fail due to a basic paradox: whereas the Kádár regime - quite successfully - stimulated consumer values in Hungary,one could hardly hope that these consumerist desires would be left behind during there vacation spent abroad.