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The Use and Intended Outcomes of Presence: A Focus Group Study

PURPOSE
To explore and understand the use and intended outcomes of presence from the perspective of and as experienced by nurses.


METHODS
Twenty-seven nurses participated in one of four focus groups. Data were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological method.


FINDINGS
Four themes emerged: (1) therapeutic communication; (2) nurse well-being; (3) dimensions of presence; and (4) intention to improve client outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Presence was described as a multidimensional intervention that required therapeutic communication and nurse well-being with the intention of improving client outcomes. Study findings provide evidence of the significance of presence in the face of human interaction that is shifting to virtual, impersonal communication.