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Effects of high dietary cellulose on the large intestinal microflora and short‐chain fatty acids in rats

Wistar rats fed diets containing different contents of cellulose or 5% transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (TOS) for 7 weeks were examined for faecal microflora and caecal short‐chain fatty acids. High (15%) cellulose diet showed remarkable increases in concentrations of faecal bifidobacteria and caecal butyrate with a reduced concentration of propionate as compared with the other diets. TOS‐fed rats showed strikingly increased concentrations of bifidobacteria and acetate. A comparison of pH values between the caecal contents and faeces suggested more fermentation of cellulose in the distal than proximal part of the large bowel of rats.