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[What's new in hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women? I. Advantages of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)].

Different cohort studies have shown that HRT decreases the risk of cardio-vascular (C-V) disease and the risk of bone fracture by 30 to 50%. The only controlled study (HERS study) did not show any benefit of HRT with estradiol and medroxyprogesterone (MPG) in secondary prevention. The beneficial effect of estrogens on coronary dilatation and on HDL cholesterol could be attenuated by some progestogens such as MPG but not by nomegestrol acetate. In this framework, the comparative metabolic effects of different progestogens and tibolone are described in this article. The effects of estrogens on mood and of androgens on libido are discussed. The preventive effect of estrogens on osteoporosis and on Alzheimer disease is compared to other nonhormonal treatments.