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Duplication and Paired Inferior Vena Cava With an Absent Right Kidney

* From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and the Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Aviv, Israel † Associate Professor of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California The embryological development of the inferior vena cava, and particularly its postrenal division, is exceptionally complex. Simultaneous embryological differentiation and regression of various segments of three paired longitudinal venous channels draining the lower extremities and abdomen takes place, (4, 6, 6). The evaluation of these variations of the inferior cava is now a necessity, in the light of recent progress in vascular surgery, in particular ligation or plication of the inferior vena cava for prevention of pulmonary embolism, and portocaval shunting for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Recognition of these anomalies is simplified by angiography and venography. The report presented here describes an exceedingly rare type of caval anomaly found incidentally at angiography which had been performed for evaluation of