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Investigation of the flux state in single-flux-quantum circuits with moats by scanning SQUID microscope

We have investigated the flux state in high- and low-Tc SFQ circuits having superconducting ground planes with moats by a scanning SQUID microscope (SSM) system. Observation of YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) sampler circuits having superconducting ground planes with 5 µm-wide moats confirmed that magnetic flux was excluded from the moat-surrounded area including ramp-edge Josephson junctions. The threshold value for complete flux exclusion was about 0.8 µT slightly depending on chips, which can be achieved readily with dual μ-metal magnetic shielding. Moreover, we have observed the flux state in Nb multilayer structures having a superconducting ground plane with 4 µm wide moats, which was designed and fabricated using the CONNECT cell library. It was confirmed that magnetic flux was trapped selectively into moats with appropriate configuration, which were fabricated within each 40 µm × 40 µm unit cell.