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Effect of epidermal growth factor on bone formation in vitro.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a peptide isolated from mouse submaxillary glands which stimulates cell proliferation, was examined for its effects on bone formation in vitro. To study the effect of EGF on bone formation, we examined its effects on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA, [3H]uridine into RNA, and [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible (CDP) and noncollagen protein as well as on DNA content in cultured 21-day-old fetal rat calvaria. EGF caused a dose-dependent stimulation of the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA at concentrations of 0.1–10 ng/ml and increased the total DNA content. The effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation first appeared at 3 h, was maximal at 18 h, and was sustained for up to 96 h. The effect of EGF was opposed by cortisol. EGF had a small stimulatory effect on [3H]uridine incorporation, related to an increase in uptake of the label. EGF (1–100 ng/ml) caused a dose-related inhibition of the incorporation of [3H]proline into CDP without affecting noncollagen pro...