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The effect of bile acids on mitochondrial mass and activity in normal and cancer cells

Barrett's esophagus is a condition where normal squamous epithelium is replaced by metaplastic columnar epithelium. This condition is associated with an increased risk for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma, which is linked to the reflux of bile acids. Our study was to compare the effect of bile acids (deoxycholic acid, DCA) on cytotoxicity, mitochondrial mass and activity in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells (JHEsoAd) and non dysplastic Barret's esophagus (CP‐A). Cytotoxicity was examined by SRB colorimetric assays, the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases was evaluated by MTS assay and mitochondrial mass was examined by MitoTracker Green and Hoechst staining. SRB showed a decrease in protein concentration in CP‐A cells exposed to DCA compared to untreated cells. A similar decrease was observed in JHEsoAd cells exposed to DCA. MTS showed a decrease in mitochondrial activity in CP‐A cells exposed to DCA but, the opposite effect was detected in JHEsoAd cells exposed to DCA. The ratio of the number of mitochondria (MitoTracker Green) and the number of cells (Hoechst) was observed. This ratio was increased in JHEsoAd1 cells but not in CP‐A cells. This indicated that the mitochondria in cancer cells respond differently to stress induced by bile acids and are crucial for apoptosis induction. Therefore, we will further evaluate the role of mitochondria in bile‐acid induced cancer development.