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Enhancement of flux pinning in a MgB2 superconductor doped with tartaric acid

The synthesis and characterization of a carbon (C) doped polycrystalline MgB2 superconductor is reported with tartaric acid (C4H6O6) used as the C source. The amount of C4H6O6 is varied between 5 and 30 wt%. Relationships between microstructures, critical current density (Jc), critical temperature (Tc), upper critical field (Hc2), and irreversibility field (Hirr) for MgB2 doped with 0–30 wt% C4H6O6 are systematically studied. A reduction in Tc from 37.65 to 34.45 K and in lattice parameter a due to the C substitution occurs with C4H6O6 doping. Jc, Hc2, and Hirr are significantly enhanced with an increasing amount of C4H6O6. All the samples exhibit a Jc above 104 A cm−2 at 5 K and 8 T. This value is higher than for un-doped MgB2 by a factor of 6. The significant improvement in the superconducting properties is attributed to the lattice distortion due to the C substitution for boron, with the C coming from the C4H6O6. These findings suggest that C4H6O6 is a promising C source for MgB2 with excellent Jc properties under high field.