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The threat of diabetes to public health. Introduction.

There is probably no need to emphasize the threat of diabetes to public health. Diabetes is frequently diagnosed in the adult and elderly population, and its prevalence has reached epidemic proportions in several countries, with a consistent upward trend worldwide. Furthermore, diabetes is an important risk factor for a number of major cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and peripheral artery disease), which accounts for most of the frequent hospitalizations and for the marked increase in death rate associated with it. Diabetes is also associated with serious microvascular complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy, which drastically compromise patients’ quality of life and increase its already substantial healthcare burden. Nephropathy is the greatest of these complications because diabetes is the recognized first cause of renal insufficiency and thus dialysis and transplantation.