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Evaluating the urban form of a mountainous city from the perspective of compactness characteristics: Kigali city, Rwanda

A better understanding of the composition and form of cities, and how land use changes throughout a city, can provide helpful insights for city sustainable planning. Many sustainable city models have been studied and the compact city concept has been adopted as one the sustainable model in city planning policies of many countries. However, due to dynamic nature of the city structures around the world, there exists a limited consensus on parameters and dimensions to measure urban compactness especially in the cities developed in unplanned manners. This study aims at analyzing and understanding the urban form in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda. Two dimensions of spatial organization and spatial distribution of population were measured using GIS functions to objectively evaluate physical compactness. Findings reflected trend of decrease in compact form with absence of sustainable concepts due to lack of regularity authority control and haphazard development. Suggestive measures were provided for future consideration in sustainable urban development of the city.