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Hydrodynamic instability of nanofluids in a channel flow

A linear hydrodynamic instability of nanofluids in a channel flow is investigated. The instability equations of nanofluids are derived and solved numerically. The validity of the numerical formulations and schemes is tested by comparing the present results with the available experimental data and theoretical results. The results show that the existence of particles suppresses the flow instability, but cannot completely eliminate it. As particle mass loading is increased, the region of unstable wavenumbers is reduced from that of the pure Newtonian flow and the largest growth rate that governs the flow instability is reduced. The Stokes number has an effect on the instability behavior of the nanofluids. As the Stokes number and Knudsen number decrease, the critical Reynolds numbers increase and the unstable regions of small perturbations decrease, along with a decrease in the largest growth rates that govern the flow instability, therefore reinforcing the flow stability. Larger particles reduce the peak value of the velocity disturbance and hence attenuate the flow instability.