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Effect of temperature on the metabolism of proteoglycans in explants of bovine articular cartilage.

The turnover of proteoglycans in bovine articular cartilage was determined in explant cultures, maintained at 32 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Both the rate of proteoglycan synthesis and the release of newly synthesized proteoglycans were decreased in cultures incubated at 32 degrees C compared to 37 degrees C. At both temperatures the newly synthesized proteoglycans were similar in hydrodynamic size and chain length of the glycosaminoglycans. However, the ratio of 6-sulfated disaccharides over 4-sulfated disaccharides of the newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans, differed less from the endogenous ratio at 32 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. At both temperatures, the incorporated 35S-sulfate is released from explants in two pools. Twenty-three percent of the 35S-radiolabel was released into the culture medium during an initial short phase (t1/2 = 1.1 day at 32 degrees C, 1.3 day at 37 degrees C), 77% had a much longer half-life. The lowered temperature markedly decreased the release of 35S-sulfate with a slow turnover (t1/2 = 60 days at 32 degrees C, 38 days at 37 degrees C).