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Effects of organic water pollution on the infectivity of the fungus Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) for larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: culicidae): field and laboratory evaluation.

Sporulating agar-plate cultures of Lagenidium giganteum (North Carolina strain) were introduced into outdoor, pilot-scale, poultry-waste disposal lagoons. In unpolluted water, the fungus infected 27–100% of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, depending upon the size of the fungal inoculum, and persisted for 1 month until low water temperature inhibited fungal development. No infection occurred in water with low to moderate levels of organic pollution. With data obtained from laboratory tests of the effects of polluted water on zoosporogenesis and infection of larvae by the fungus, a multiple regression equation was developed relating levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (P) to percentage infection of larvae under standardized, optimal conditions. The multiple regression, % Infection = 113.9 – 0.02 (mg/litre COD) – 1.92 (mg/1 TKN) ♂ 3.41 (mg/1 NH3-N) – 6.02 (mg/1 P), means that the infection rate decreased 0.2% for each additional mg/1 COD, 1.92% for each additional mg/1 TKN, 3.41% for each additional mg/1 NH3-N and 6.02% for each added mg/1 P, when all 4 parameters were considered simultaneously. Of the 4 parameters, only NH3-N and P were statistically significant predictors of pollution effects on infection of larvae by Lagenidium. The presence of organic pollution in the water prevented the formation of sporogenic vesicles by the fungus and drastically reduced the viability of any zoospores that were produced.