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Impact of overexploitation of groundwater along the irrigated perimeter of Tadla, Oum Errabia Basin, Morocco

Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources used for many reasons among which we can cite first and foremost drinking, industry, and agriculture. Understanding spatial and temporal variations in groundwater levels throughout an aquifer is essential for sustainable development and management of groundwater resources. The objective of the present study is to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of groundwater levels in an irrigated perimeter of basin Oum Errabia in Morocco. The present environmental impact of over-exploitation on groundwater manifests as drops in groundwater level, reduction in or cessation of spring discharge, saltwater intrusion, and overall deterioration of water quality. The socio-economic impacts are the result of reduced water quality and quantity. The results obtained in this study show that the problem of low piezometric levels in the water table is the direct consequence of overexploitation, the types of techniques used for irrigation, and faulty operation of the management system, which has led to serious impacts in soil and environment. Analysis of variations in piezometric levels showed a significant reduction over time, down to a depth of 4 m, and that the most exploited zones are those far from the river about 10 km. As soon as one moves away from the river, the exploitation of groundwater intensifies.