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Overview on soil fertility management for cereals crops in semi-arid conditions of Spain

The management of the fertilization in integrated production intends to produce good yields and high product quality, while protecting the soil from different processes such as erosion, salinization, and acidification. Principally, it seeks to maintain and improve soil fertility by preventing loss of organic matter and nutrient imbalances, while also preventing surface and groundwater pollution, and the main objective being to produce food of maximum nutritional value. In this paper we assess, in prevailing soil types in central Spain (Cambisol and Regosol), several limiting factors of soil fertility, such as soil compaction due to conservative tillage systems and climatic conditions which influence the vegetation and soil conditions (mainly during the summer). The analysis of integrated fertilization allows us to highlight the importance of maximizing resources and natural production mechanisms. We evaluate the nutritional requirements of crops, aiming to ensure long-term sustainable compatible agriculture which satisfies both the demands of society (concerning environmental protection) and the agricultural productivity requirements. In this context, the official guidelines in Spain have been to meet the standards and requirements established in integrated management programs.