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Larval habitat and behaviour of Phenes raptor (Odonata: Petaluridae): a review of current knowledge, with new observations

Phenes raptor is one of only two petalurid dragonflies with a documented non-fossorial larval lifestyle. There have been few reported observations of larvae and their habitat, and the behaviour and ecology of this unique South American species remain largely unknown. This paper provides a review of previously published and unpublished information, and new observations on the habitat and behaviour of larvae and imagines. Larval habitat ranges from fens or seepages to moist terrestrial forest floor litter habitats. Better understanding the ecology and behaviour of the species will require observation of mating locations, additional observations of larvae in habitat and of oviposition and emergence sites across the species’ broad geographic and bioclimatic range.