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Nanocrystal heterostructures of LiCoO2 with conformal passivating shells.

Stabilization of electrode-electrolyte interfaces is required to increase the energy stored in battery electrodes. Introducing redox-inactive ions on the electrode surface minimizes deleterious side reactions without affecting the bulk properties. A synthetic challenge exists to grow such layers conformally at each primary particle, to fully passivate interfaces that are buried in the final electrode architecture. The development of methods of sequential colloidal growth of complex oxides and overlayers, enabled by surfactant interactions, would provide novel means to advance toward this goal. Here, nanocrystals composed of LiCoO2, a commercially relevant material for high energy devices, were grown with a shell enriched in Al3+, deposited conformally through a one-pot colloidal synthetic method. The effects of synthetic conditions on the composition of the Al-rich shell and the corresponding electrochemical performance were investigated. The modified nanocrystals showed enhanced electrochemical properties, while maintaining carrier transport.