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Water quality and radium isotope results from the Souss-Massa basin, Morocco

Groundwater and surface waters in the Souss-Massa basin located in the west-southern part of Morocco are characterized by large variations in salinity, up to levels of 37 g L. The data show that the water quality of groundwater in the western Souss-Massa basin is degraded by two sources; (1) seawater intrusion into the aquifer; and (2) mixing with geothermal water that is characterized by a distinguished chemical composition (high calcium and sulfate concentrations relative to seawater intrusion). The different calcium to chloride and sulfate to chloride ratios provide a simple, yet powerful geochemical tool that is able to delineate the source of salinity for each of the investigated wells. The preliminary radium isotopes data indicate that geothermal water in the SoussMassa basin is characterized by relatively high radium (combined Ra and Ra of 9.3 pCi/L) and thus future utilization of geothermal water as an alternative source to the local groundwater degraded by seawater intrusion should be carefully examined given the relatively high level of radioactivity. Salinization of water resources in the SoussMassa region is also associated with high concentrations of toxic trace metals, with high correlation between salinity, chromium, and uranium. These findings indicate that salinization of water resources may be associated with occurrences of other inorganic contaminants in groundwater and thus investigation of a large spectrum of inorganic contaminants is required to access the water quality in the Souss-Massa basin. New insights into the biogeochemical cycling of iron from in situ measurements in marine sediments