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Comparative textual analysis of New Year’s speeches of the heads of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in linguistic and cultural aspects

Based on the text theory in the context of linguocultural studies the full text of New Year’s speeches of Russian and Chinese heads of state in 2013–2022 in terms of content and expression were analyzed, high-frequency words were organizes and summarizes using antconc and SEO software to create word cloud maps, which visually represent the research content and help in analyzing the text structure. It is proven that the New Year’s speeches of V.V. Putin and Xi Jinping have similarities and differences. The New Year’s speeches of the heads of the two countries have a stable structural basis. The content of New Year’s speeches consists of two parts: the first is an expression of wishes for the New Year, and the second is a brief summary of the work of the past year, setting plans and goals for the next year. The themes of the New Year’s speeches continue and change according to different political, economic and contemporary contexts. Ideology is built into the themes of the text. V.V. Putin’s New Year’s speeches reflect the national culture of Russia. He uses rhetorical means such as rhetorical modification, metaphor, gradation, and rhetorical exclamation. He also uses intertextuality in expressing ideology in order to express emotional resonance and to elicit an identity with the motherland. In Xi Jinping’s New Year’s speeches, cultural themes are reinforced year by year and rhetorical techniques such as quotation, comparison and parallelism are widely used, which has the genetic effect of spreading widely.