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Relocating A Historical Black Swift Nest and the Importance of Nest Sites to the Species

In British Columbia, the Black Swift (Cypseloides niger) is thought to breed throughout the southern half of the province (Campbell and others 1990); however, relatively few Black Swift nests have been located and described. Grant (1966) located the 1st active Black Swift nest in the province 29 km north of Vernon at Harlan Creek. Tyson (2004) located the 2nd active nest at Cascade Falls 16 km northeast of Mission. In 2004, I located an active nest at Brandywine Falls 14 km south of Whistler. There are additional accounts that suggest nesting, but active nests have not been located or described. The 1st breeding evidence of Black Swifts was a developing egg in a bird collected on 16 June 1901 near Chilliwack (Brooks 1917). Jobin (1955) reported breeding colonies of Black Swift on cliffs near the north arm of Quesnel Lake, and 10 km northwest of Kleena Kleene. During wildlife inventories in Kootenay National Park, Black Swifts were observed flying near Helmut Falls, Sinclair Canyon, and Marble Canyon; nesting was suspected at the latter site (Poll and others 1984). In June 2001, during a cave inventory west of Prince George, a dead juvenile Black Swift was found at the entrance of Redemption Cave; Black Swifts were observed entering the cave in July, but active nests were not located (Northern BC Caving Club 2015). Black Swifts have been observed flying from sea caves near Hotsprings Cove (Campbell and others 1990) and near Port Renfrew (Tyson 2004). Given the limited number of known Black Swift nest sites in British Columbia, each of the known nest sites are increasingly valuable to the conservation of the species and determining the status of unconfirmed sites should be a priority. Beebe (1959) provided the 1st evidence of Black Swift nesting in British Columbia. On 16 August 1958, a flightless Black Swift nestling was delivered to Beebe’s home in Victoria. Apparently, the nestling was 1 of 2 Black Swift nestlings that were collected by a teenage boy on 15 August from a single nest located 4.57 m on a vertical rock face adjacent to a waterfall, approximately 2 mi north of Clinton, British Columbia. Beebe cared for the nestling by feeding the bird goat’s milk, termites, and crickets; the nestling survived and was successfully released in Victoria, British Columbia on 25 August. There is no indication that Beebe attempted to relocate the nest site, nor that it has ever been relocated (Campbell and others 1990). There are a number of reasons that would deter readers of Beebe’s account from attempting to relocate the Clinton nest site: (1) the site location is a second-hand account from an unnamed teenage boy; (2) the waterfall is unnamed; and (3) the area surrounding Clinton is generally not known for waterfalls. The mention of 2 nestlings being removed from a single nest raises doubt of Beebe’s account. It is now well established that Black Swifts lay a single egg per nest (Lowther and Collins 2002; Hirshman and others 2007); therefore, if 2 nestlings were collected in 1958, this would suggest 2 active nests were involved. In 2014, 56 years after Beebe’s nest account, I relocated what is presumed to be the original nesting site described by Beebe (1959). On 29 July 2014, I visited a series of waterfalls located approximately 6.4 km north of Clinton (Fig. 1), and conducted a 2-h search for evidence of nesting Black Swifts. I found 1 active Black Swift nest, but it was immediately clear that a more thorough inventory of the site was needed. I revisited the site on 3 August, and conducted a 7-h inventory over the approximately 500-m length of the Clinton Creek waterfall complex. No additional active Black Swift nests were located; however, I observed 4 empty nest structures that appeared to be Black Swift nests from previous years. The active Black Swift nest was beside the southern edge GENERAL NOTES