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Heavy quarkonium production and polarization.

We present a perturbative QCD factorization formalism for the production of heavy quarkonia of large transverse momentum p(T) at collider energies, which includes both the leading-power (LP) and next-to-leading-power (NLP) contributions to the cross section in the m(Q)(2)/p(T)(2) expansion for heavy quark mass m(Q). We estimate fragmentation functions in the nonrelativistic QCD formalism and reproduce the bulk of the large enhancement found in explicit next-to-leading-order calculations in the color-singlet model. Heavy quarkonia produced from NLP channels prefer longitudinal polarization.