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Ecological and legal support for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of ideas of sustainable development in the international and Russian legal doctrine and practice. The aim of the work was to study the process of legal consolidation of the concept of sustainable development in the program documents of the United Nations and strategic legal acts of the Russian state. The authors note that the concept of sustainable development is a reflection of a new type of world outlook on ways to ensure the progressive development of humanity in the context of global changes in its habitat depletion of natural resources, degradation of ecosystems, and climate change. Arguing about sustainable development as a long-term and safe development of civilization, the authors draw attention to the fact that the solution of this problem is impossible without ensuring environmental safety. Moreover, in their opinion, the problem of ensuring environmental safety is the most important problem in the context of achieving socionatural sustainability in general. At the same time, the very understanding of environmental safety and its provision (including legal) can be transformed from simple actions to protect the environment to complex greening, i.e. ecological reorientation of all human activities. It is in this aspect that both the international community in general and the Russian Federation in particular, are experiencing serious difficulties. Analysis of the current Russian legislation forced the authors to conclude that despite the increase in the total number of environmental and legal norms, their content is far from fully capable of ensuring the environmental safety of the country and, accordingly, the environmental legal mechanism for the transition of Russia to sustainable development. For the Russian environmental legislation is characterized by the presence of technical and legal problems reducing its regulatory and protective potential. Thus, the environmental and legal framework for sustainable development remains an important and unresolved problem of the Russian state. Keywords—sustainable development, environmental safety, legislation, environmental threat, national security, socio-economic development, environment, environmental-legal mechanism of transition to sustainable development, «green» technology.