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Observations and climate models confirm precipitation pattern is changing over Nepal

This paper presents a comprehensive picture of precipitation variability across Nepal over the present (19852014) and future (2021-2050) based on gaugebased observations from 28 precipitation stations distributed throughout the country and thirteen climate models of the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP 245 and SSP 585). Seventeen different precipitation indices are computed using daily precipitation data based on gauge-based observations and climate models. Along with absolute extreme precipitation indices, such as maximum 1-day, maximum consecutive 3-day, 5-day, and 7-day precipitation amounts, this study also computes the contribution of such instances to the annual precipitation. The selected precipitation indices not only allow for the analyses of heavy precipitation-related extremes but also guide the evaluation of agricultural productivity and drought indications, such as consecutive dry and wet days (CDD and CWD). The number of wet days and average precipitation during those wet days, along with the information of ARTICLE INFO Received: 2 February 2021 Received in Revised form: 11 March 2021 Accepted: 12 March 2021 Available Online: 21 April 2021