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Family planning communication research possibilities in Indonesia.


 An attempt is made to offer some ideas and guidelines that would suggest a direction for family planning communication research for the next few years. A psychologically based communication model developed by Donald Bogue provides some practical guides on information which should be collected with regard to communication for family planning. This Bogue model is presented, indicating the kinds of information that is needed in Indonesia. According to Bogue, individuals are likely to adopt family planning if they are well informed about the idea of family planning, about the methods of contraception and the potential side effect of the methods. Information is needed in Indonesia concerning what different audiences know about family planning. Being informed about family planning is important for many groups in addition to the actual users: community leaders, physicians, field workers, government leaders. It is necessary to know how well these groups are informed about family planning methods, places of service, and choices. Bogue indicates that individuals are likely to use family planning methods if they are motivated to get some of the benefits obtainable through having a small family. In Indonesia systematically collected information about the benefits which people associate with having a small family is badly needed. Again, information is needed about the various motives for using family planning among audiences other than only the potential users. If people are going to adopt and continue to use family planning methods, it is important that they have positive attitudes toward the methods available. To develop a scientifically based communication program, it is necessary to know which methods are liked by which kinds of people and why. Bogue argues that adopters must feel that the innovation has legitimacy. Contraceptive use is not likely to continue if the individual feels that the community does not support that activity. Future research must devote attention for a variety of audiences when investigating the legitimacy of using family planning methods. Bogue's evidence indicates that individuals are likely to use family planning to the degree that they believe its use concerns them and that their personal concerns can be taken care of through family planning use. At a practical level, it is important to establish the degree to which various groups in Indonesia are involved in family planning as a solution to their own problems. Learning the ways in which they are involved can help in developing communication approaches to relate them more directly to the family planning program. Also of great potential utility is research directed to learning about the unintended communication done by the national family planning program. Continued development of the program's communication activities will depend upon the development of fundamental research with regard to family planning, sex, influence, village and neighborhood structure.
