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The Effect of Medium and Task on Dyadic Communication

This study was designed to help clarify relevant factors for communication support of dispersed individuals. A controlled laboratory study examined dyadic communication in face-to-face, telephone and computer text modes with high and low equivocal tasks to determine the differences in decision time, decision confidence, concensus change, equality of influence, agreement in thinking, cooperativeness, sensitivity to partner communication openness and communication satisfaction. 
While the findings support the hypothesis that decision time varies as a function of medium, the results failed to support similar hypotheses for any of the other variables. Additionally, no support was found for hypothesized differences in decision time, consensus change and communication satisfaction as a function of the interaction of medium and task. Essentially, this experiment failed to support media richness theory. While there were significant differences (not hypothesized) in decision time, decision confidence, consensus change, and communication satisfaction relative to tasks that were perceived by the subjects to be either high or low equivocally, the differences were similar across media. The text only medium and the audio only medium were as effective and personally satisfying as face-to-face. Even decision time (efficiency) was confirmed only in the text mode as compared to the audio mode and face-to-face communication which is likely the result of keyboarding time. 
The design of this study is considered to be a useful extension to earlier media richness studies for several reasons: (1) Because the focus was on communication rather than business skills, the use of a student population as subjects is considered to be beneficial. (2) The use of zero-history groups eliminates the confounding effect of pre-defined relationships and represents a collaborative unit that occurs naturally on a continuum of working business partnerships. (3) The focus is strictly on media effects, not on media choice. (4) Contrasted to earlier studies designed to build theory, this study tests media richness theory. (5) The highly controlled design permitted the author to break down communication media into smaller increments than would naturally be found in organizations (specifically, the use of synchronous text communication). (6) This study reinforced prior media research that clearly show that outcomes are task-dependent.