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Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures: a single-center analysis of pain and quality of life outcomes

Abstract Background Vertebral body compression fractures are one of the most common causes of disability and morbidity, especially among the elderly population. The present study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) on patients’ pain and quality of life (QOL) in Iran. Methods The study was conducted on a consecutive series of 54 patients with symptomatic vertebral compression fractures who failed conservative management between 2014 and 2017. A quasi-experimental design was employed in which the pain severity, quality of life, and kyphotic angle were measured before and 3 and 12 months after the PBK procedure. Pain and quality of life outcomes were determined using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for Pain and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) for QOL. Results Excellent improvement in VAS was documented at 3 and 12 months after the BKP procedure (p = 0.001). Improvement at 3 months was maintained through the 12 months follow-up period. A statistically significant improvement in QOL was documented at 3 months after BKP that continued to improve through 12 months follow-up. The mean kyphotic angle before PBK was 19.4 ± 5.3 degrees which after 3 months improved to 12.8 ± 3.1 degrees; this reduction was significant (p < 0.001). No new fractures occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusion Balloon kyphoplasty was determined to be a safe and successful method for treating symptomatic vertebral compression fractures. It leads to significant pain relief, an improvement in self-reported QOL measures, and correction in kyphotic deformity.