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Mapping Prehistoric Building Structures by Visualising Archaeological Data and Applying Spatial Statistics : a Case Study from Taiwan

This paper aims to examine the presence of building structures based on the distribution of features and artefacts from a Neolithic site located in Northeast Taiwan: the site of Wansan. Three steps of analysis are conducted. First, we tried to visualize where the buildings might have been located through an analysis of the distribution of postholes. Then, we superimposed maps of the posthole groups, burials, ceramic and lithic artefacts in order to identify possible spatial patterns. Finally, we applied spatial statistics, the Global Moran’s I and the Anselin Local Moran’s I, to further attest and analyse the presence of these possible buildings. We argue that by using GIS not only different maps can be superimposed easily to facilitate visualisation but also various spatial statistics can be conducted to re-evaluate and confirm the results of the visual analysis which can help archaeologists to construct better interpretation.