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Evaluation of spontaneous fermentation with basil content in the technology of rye-wheat bread production

The bakery industry is increasingly using technologies that improve the quality of finished products. Such technologies of bread production include technology with the use of natural leavens of spontaneous fermentation, which are made without the addition of various artificially created chemical ingredients. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of basil seeds on the activity of rye-wheat leaven in the technology of its renewal and to investigate the physicochemical, organoleptic characteristics of the dough during fermentation and the quality of bread. The research used generally accepted in the bakery industry methods of physical and chemical research of sourdough, dough and finished products. It was found that the introduction of basil seeds in the composition of spontaneous leaven in the amount of 1.5 to 3.0 % reduces the time of renewal of the leaven and accelerate the increase in acidity, which is the result of the development of its own microbiota. The expediency of adding basil seeds (up to 2.0 %) to the technology of spontaneous leaven production was established, as the time of ball emergence after the fifth stage of renewal was 8 minutes shorter compared to the control sample of leaven. The addition of basil accelerates the development and biochemical activity of the yeast microbiota, resulting in more enzymes of the reductase class. The dough is made with the addition of spontaneous fermentation leaven, which contains basil seeds ferment and ripen faster. In the evaluation of bread samples, the highest total score was obtained by samples № 2 and №3, which were made on spontaneous leaven with a content of 1.0 and 1.5 basil – the total number of points was 19.3 points, which is 0.5 points more than the control sample. Therefore, for the production of rye-wheat spontaneous leaven, it is advisable to add basil seeds to its composition to enhance biochemical and microbiological processes.