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Effects of LHRH, FSH and activin A on follistatin secretion from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells.

We demonstrated the release of follistatin, an activin-binding protein, from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells by measuring immunoreactive (ir-) follistatin in a specific immunoradiometric assay. Ir-follistatin release gradually increased in cultures over 1-18 days and reached its maximal level at 12-15 days of incubation. The basal ir-follistatin levels in the culture media increased about 3- (P < 0.01) and 5-fold (P < 0.001) in 2 and 10% fetal calf serum for 6 days, respectively. LHRH and activin A caused an approximately 2.0- (P < 0.05) and 1.8-fold (P < 0.05) rise in ir-follistatin release, respectively, in contrast to the lack of significant FSH effects. The culture medium condensed on sulfate-cellulofine gel was resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blotted with anti-follistatin polyclonal antibody, resulting in at least three protein bands ranging from 35 to 50 kDa under non-reducing conditions. These results indicated that follistatin is produced in anterior pituitary cells and that its secretion is regulated at least in part by LHRH and activin, implying an autocrine/paracrine role of activin and follistatin in the pituitary.