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Sustainability Assessment of Marine Aquaculture Considering Nutrients Inflow from the Land in Kyushu Area

The nutrient load generated by excessive aquaculture farms leads to self-pollution around water, which destroys aqua-environment, and further leads to a decline in aquaculture production. The purpose of this study is to propose an index to assess the sustainability of inshore aquaculture in Kyushu area, considering nutrient loads from land and farms. The number and size of fish cages identified from Google satellite imagery are used to calculate annual fish production, which is then converted into annual loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The pollutant load factor method is applied to calculate the land nutrient inflow. An index, including nutrient load from land and farms, bay area, water depth and distance from farms to bay, is proposed. The results show that for most of the cultured bays in Kyushu, the nutrient load from the farm is more than that from the land inflow. The bay with higher index value has a higher possibility of red tide occurrence and lower sustainability for aquaculture. Among which, location of fish farms, total nitrogen and total phosphorus loading are key factors impacting water quality within the bays.