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Feminisation of the legal profession in Venezuela: Its meaning for the profession and for women lawyers

The process of modernisation began in Venezuela in the 1930s. The discovery of oil in 1928 had a considerable impact on the country’s then poor rural economy. Slowly at the start, but rapidly gathering speed, this reality transformed the nation profoundly. It had consequences, not only for the economy, prompting a process of industrialisation, but also for Venezuela’s political and social organisation, culture and values. In 1936, after the death of dictator Gómez, came a period of fluctuating political progress, which was followed by a dictatorship that lasted for 10 years. In 1958, a democratic government was elected. The installation of democracy started an era of profound cultural changes, especially as it coincided with important cultural transformations in the Western world in the 1960s. Education was one of the democratic government’s priorities and continued to be so for the succeeding periods. As a result, many new universities were established in the next 40 years and masses of new students eventually had access to higher education. The cultural impact of the process of modernisation was greatest on the female part of the population, as Venezuelan women were gradually liberated from many of the constraints of a traditional society. More and more women went to work outside the home; more and more reached higher levels of education; in 1947 women were granted the right to vote and to be elected even to the top positions of government. That very same year a small number of women were elected as parliamentary representatives; however, the proportion of women in Congress has not grown very much since then, and not many women have been appointed to high posts in government. Venezuelan society has been characterised by behavioural sciences professionals as a matriarchal one, in the sense that the weight of the ‘mother’ figure (applicable