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Concentrated submodules model for modular multilevel converters

The MMC is currently the converter of choice for HVDC applications, which leads to a high number of submodules being deployed. The simulation of conversion systems based on MMCs is typically demanding on numeric computation power. Even more when all the SMs are to be included in a full scale switched model. Real time simulators and hardware-in-the-loop based design require efficient simulation models and the MMCs are a real challenge to these tasks. This work discusses previously presented simulation oriented models and proposes a concentrated submodules model that accounts for the effects of dead-time in the switching signals of an MMC. It is shown that the effects of dead-time change the dynamic behavior of an MMC and should be considered whenever highly accurate simulation models are desired.