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Fuel Cell City Buses: Grey Shadows of Green Energy

This work analyzes the prospects for reducing pollution caused by city buses that can be achieved with the help of electrical drives powered by hydrogen fuel cells. Two sides of the bus supply systems are being reviewed, namely the environment (ecological side) and the energy (efficiency side). The case study examines several scenarios for the introduction of hydrogen technology on the example of one city, Tallinn, the European Green Capital 2023, which intends to power all buses by electricity by 2035. It is shown that simple change fossil fuels with “grey” or “blue” hydrogen by itself does not reduce environmental pollution, but only pushes emissions out of the city, since additional capacities and infrastructure for hydrogen production and delivery certainly serve as a source of new contamination. The only way out of this situation is to switch to “green” hydrogen, but this is also associated with a surge in environmental pollution.