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Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Forearm in an Elite Flatwater Sprint Kayaker

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a potentially debilitating entity among athletes across a variety of sports. Defined as an intermittent and reversible pathologic elevation of compartment pressures following exertion, it has been best recognized in the lower extremities. Only rarely has CECS been reported in the upper limbs, with just 25 reported cases of exertional compartment syndrome in the forearm. Where noted, the majority of these reported cases involve activities that place substantial demands on the forearm musculature, including manual labor, motorcycle racing, tennis, rock climbing, and weight lifting. We report a novel case of CECS in an elite flatwater kayaker, discuss this patient’s management, and present a review of the literature.