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miR‐25‐5p regulates endothelial progenitor cell differentiation in response to shear stress through targeting ABCA1

The importance of flow shear stress (SS) on the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been demonstrated in various studies. Cholesterol retention and microRNA regulation have been also proposed as relevant factors involved in this process, though evidence regarding their regulatory roles in the differentiation of EPCs is currently lacking. In the present study on high shear stress (HSS)‐induced differentiation of EPCs, we investigated the importance of ATP‐binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1), an important regulator in cholesterol efflux, and miR‐25‐5p, a potential regulator of endothelial reconstruction. We first revealed an inverse correlation between miR‐25‐5p and ABCA1 expression levels in EPCs under HSS treatment; their direct interaction was subsequently validated by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Further studies using flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that both miR‐25‐5p overexpression and ABCA1 inhibition led to elevated levels of specific markers of endothelial cells, with concomitant downregulation of smooth muscle cell markers. Finally, knockdown of ABCA1 in EPCs significantly promoted tube formation, which confirmed our conjecture. Our current results suggest that miR‐25‐5p might regulate the differentiation of EPCs partially through targeting ABCA1, and such a mechanism might account for HSS‐induced differentiation of EPCs.