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Molecular dissection of ribosome function in two active sites

Translation of the genetic code is mediated by the adaptor tRNA substrates interacting with two distinct active sites in the RNA‐rich functional centers of the ribosome. We are using mutant analysis coupled with pre‐steady state kinetic approaches to decipher the molecular details of ribosome function in these active sites. Previous mutational analysis of the role of nucleotides in the large subunit catalytic center indicated that the universally conserved residues found there were most important for the role that they play in peptide release (and not in peptidyl transfer). Current studies are focused on the protein class I release factors (RF1 and RF2) and how they interact with the large subunit active site to trigger the hydrolytic reaction of release and how their interactions with the decoding center of the small subunit are critical to the peptide release function. Finally, we are conducting a mutational analysis of universally conserved nucleotides (A1492, A1493 and G530) in the decoding center of the small subunit to define their contributions to signaling during the process of tRNA selection.