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Ultrastructural localization of glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa, β3 integrin) on placental syncytiotrophoblast microvilli: implications for platelet alloimmunization during pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti‐human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1a more commonly occurs in first pregnancies, unlike hemolytic disease of the newborn. Anti‐D is produced after D+ fetomaternal hemorrhage; this usually occurs at parturition. Anti‐HPA‐1a could develop during pregnancy if maternal immunization is stimulated by HPA‐1a expressed not only on platelets but also on other fetal cells.