{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03266090297790586, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.72258064516129, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Energy optimization in ad-hoc networks with MQAM, MFSK, MPSK and MPAM modulations

Determining the most energy-effective modulation technique is essential to elongate the lifetime of energy-constrained ad-hoc networks. In this paper, we consider four different M-ary modulation techniques to optimize the energy consumption cost per successfully received information bit. These digital modulation techniques include linear coherent modulation systems such as MQAM (M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), MPSK (M-ary Phase Shift Keying), MPAM (M-ary Pulse Amplitude Modulation), and non-linear non-coherent modulation system such as MFSK (M-ary Frequency Shift Keying). For this, we employ interior-point optimization method to solve the proposed problem. The formulation is verified by simulation experiments for various uncoded modulation schemes involving AWGN channel. The results obtained from simulation analyses indicate that the proposed optimization scheme converges to energy-efficient solutions within finite number of iterations.