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Hydrogen Energy and Potential for Its Development in the Economy of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen energy and the prospects for its development in Ukraine. The advantages of hydrogen, which determine the development of hydrogen energy are allocated: ease of use, infinity of reserves in the environment, energy efficiency. Also, the production of «green» hydrogen is a solution to the problem of excessive energy production by alternative energy and a convenient way to balance electric energy production in the power system of the producing countries. The disadvantages of hydrogen energy include the following: the high cost of producing «green» hydrogen at the present stage of energy development; flammability and danger in contact with air; significant technical problems that arise during the storage and transportation of hydrogen as an energy carrier. The analysis of the plans of developed countries in general and the EU in particular for the development of hydrogen energy and their implementation shows that the policies of national governments and the EU have led to an increase in investment in the industry, an increase in the scale of projects being implemented and a reduction in the cost of equipment for the production of «green» hydrogen. The carried out analysis shows that taking into account high energy prices, cheaper electric energy from renewable energy sources and equipment for hydrogen energy, hydrogen will become competitive in 12 national markets by 2030, and in many other countries – by 2050. The following promising effects for the Ukrainian economy are highlighted: reducing dependence on imports of traditional energy carriers; improving the balance of the country’s energy system; the opportunity to change the role of Ukraine’s gas transmission system for the European energy market; creation of a new export industry with financial and technical support from the EU; creation of a domestic market for «green» hydrogen in the country along with opportunity for new jobs