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Nutritional status assessment in patients indicated to PTCA and after 3-month period of following dietary guidelines.

Despite of significant advances in medicine, ischemic heart disease caused 42% of cardiovascular deceases in 2012 year. The inclusion of ischemic heart disease treatment is intended to inhibit the progression by abolishing the condition of myocardial ischemia and to ensure secondary prevention by eliminating risk factors. Appropriate dietary guidelines can reduce the number of risk factors and the intensity of cardiovascular diseases.


AIM
The aim of study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary guidelines as a form of secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease in post- PTCA patients.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 103 patients indicated to PTCA. After preliminary evaluation of demographic, clinical and risk factors characteristics with author's questionnaire, all participants were measured with Innerscan Monitor using bioelectrical impedance to assess body compositions. Secondary, after 3-month period of following dietary guideline all measurements were again performed to observe the changes in body compositions.


RESULTS
After 3 months of following dietary guideline, all body composition parameters were improved to a greater or lesser extent. Body weight decreased on average by 5.80±4.66 kg, with the largest reductions seen in participants between 56 and 66 years of age. Reduction in BMI was observed in 86.41% of respondents by 1.96±1.56 kg/m2. The improvement of WHR rate has been observed due to an average of 4.08±4.15 cm waist circumference reduction. In addition, the adipose tissue was reduced in most respondents by 1.70±2.09% on average. Most importantly, 63% of the subjects reported an improvement in biochemical parameters (whereof 54 participants' improvement in the correlation with relative body weight loss).


CONCLUSIONS
Properly implemented cardioprotective diet is an indispensable element of secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease in patients after PTCA intervention. It gradually eliminates nutritionally-dependent cardiovascular risk factors by normalizing body weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels.