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A Model for the Establishment of Polyploidy in Plants

A model is presented for the establishment of polyploid plants in communities in which diploid ancestors predominate. The model considers competition in preadulthood and frequency dependence produced by the increasing fraction of pollinations that are intercytotypic, and unsuccessful, as frequency decreases. Analyses of the model indicate that increasing fecundity, selfing, and niche separation between cytotypes increases the likelihood of polyploid invasibility. These findings coincide with empirical patterns and with some theoretical results previously reported in the literature. However, in disagreement with other theoretical models, the conditions for polyploid establishment are found to be less restrictive. The application of the model, given that its parameters can be quantified, is discussed. As the percentage of selfing decreases, the niche separation required for polyploid invasibility increases, and the consequences of this result for community theory are discussed.