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Retrospective Study on Fetomaternal Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors and feto-maternal outcome in mothers with Gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J. J. Hospital, Mumbai. Antenatal patients beyond 22 weeks of gestation with deranged sugars were included for the study. The diagnosis of GDM was made by Oral Glucose Tolerance test or by FBS, PPBS values. The diabetic mothers were started on diabetic diet and started on insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents according to their requirement and monitored. The risk factors and effect on maternal and fetal outcome were thus compared among the groups. Results: Gestational diabetes mellitus has a higher incidence in mothers > 30 years (68%), with increased parity and increased pre-pregnancy BMI. It was observed that the babies born to GDM mothers have more incidence of being born preterm (32%) and increased in incidence of delivery by Caesarian Section (60%). The GDM babies have a higher mean birth weight (3.43 kg) and higher incidence of IUFD in mothers of GDM . Thus, the feto-maternal morbidity was significantly higher in patients with GDM. Conclusions: There was significant feto-maternal morbidity in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Hence, early detection by screening and timely intervention is necessary for a better feto-maternal outcome.