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The Effect of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Leaf Ethanolic Extract Gel on Superoxide Dismutase and Interleukin-1β Levels in Wound Healing after Tooth Extraction in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which can cause complications, such as impaired wound healing after tooth extraction. The high level of blood glucose will increase ROS, leading to the degradation of SOD and elevation of IL-1β. Jackfruit leaf contains flavonoids with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. This research aimed to study the effect of topical administration of jackfruit leaf ethanolic extract gel (JLEEG) after tooth extraction on SOD and IL-1β in gingiva tissue near tooth socket in diabetic rat models. The study was experimental laboratory research with a randomized posttest-only control group design. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were used as the sample and divided into 5 groups: T1, T2, T3 (diabetic rat groups treated with JLEEG concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% respectively), C1 (healthy control group), and C2 (negative control group). The treated groups showed higher SOD levels and lowered IL-1β levels in comparison to the negative control group. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA indicated significant differences (p<0.01) between the treated groups and the negative control group. 15% was considered the most effective concentration to reduce the inflammation phase and accelerate the healing process of tooth extraction wounds in diabetic conditions.