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An empirical study of the relative phase center variation of a ceramic patch antenna for automotive applications

High-accuracy, Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is a prospective technology that will be used in future automotive navigation systems, such as the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) and the European Union's Galileo. The main feature of this technology is the utilization of the carrier phase observables. Due to the size and high-cost of today's antenna solutions, this kind of technology is difficult to use widely in the automotive sector. In this paper, a real mass production low-cost small size ceramic patch antenna is presented from the CST simulation design to real-world production. A further study of this patch antenna illustrates the relative phase center variation measured in an indoor range to achieve a received signal phase correction. In addition, this low-cost antenna solution is investigated in a standard multi-band antenna as well as on a typical vehicle roof at an outdoor range.