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Production of anchorage‐dependent cells—problems and their possible solutions

In vitro cell culture has proven to be a valuable procedure for the study of cellular function as well as the production of veterinary and human vaccines. In recent years, interest in cell culture technology has grown due to the need for production of interferon, monoclonal antibodies, various hormones, and other cell‐secreted products with potential medical uses. Many of these products have been successfully produced only be cells which require attachment to a surface in order to grow and function. This requirement places severe limitations on the economics and feasibility of large‐scale culture. In response, a number of new technologies have been proposed and developed in attempts to increase the surface area available within a given culture volume, to increase the cell density per surface area, to decrease medium and serum requirements per unit of product, to increase product production by control of the cellular environment, and to automate the production process. Some of the techniques and described along with their ability to control the environment of cells in culture.