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Involvement of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the immunological response against Orf infection.

Methods | Our institutional review board approved the study. Archival materials with a diagnosis of orf infection and inflamed molluscum contagiosum (I-MC) were retrieved from our dermatopathology database. A total of 5 orf and 5 comparable I-MC cases fit the inclusion criteria. As described before,2 immunohistochemical analysis was performed on sections obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue using antibodies to BDCA-2 (mouse IgG1, clone 124B3.13, dilution 1:50; Dendritics) and myxovirus protein A (MxA) (M143, University of Freiburg, Germany; dilution 1:100).1,2 Although antiBDCA-2 antibody is a specific PDC marker, anti-MxA antibody indirectly assesses PDC activity because MxA is an interferon (IFN)-α/β–inducible intracellular protein well established as a surrogate marker for local type I IFN production.1,2 We used a semiquantitative scoring system to assess PDC recruitment and MxA staining (Table).