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Growth and Decomposition Mechanism of Clathrate Hydrates in the Presence of Porous Media and Seawater: Experimental Validation

The natural gas entrapped in hydrate reservoirs could meet the global energy demand for centuries. In order to exploit this vast energy source at a commercial production rate, it is necessary to forecast the amount and physical behavior of the natural gas hydrates contained in the reservoirs. Toward this direction, we formulate a rigorous mathematical model to interpret the clathrate hydrate kinetics in reservoirs, mimicking the environment. The formulation considers precisely the effects of the central elements existing in marine and permafrost regions, i.e., seawater and porous media. Usually, the salt ions present in seawater impede hydrate growth by interfering in the formulation of a strong network of hydrogen-bonded water molecules, and they counteract the hydrate decay by facilitating the breakage of the hydrate-associated water network. This multifaceted behavior is taken into account by introducing a general activity term in the newly proposed dynamic driving force, i.e., the difference in the ch...