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Peacebuilding in a Conflict Setting: Peace and Reconciliation Committees in De Facto Rojava Autonomy in Syria

In Syria people from some ethnic and religious groups have been discriminated against for decades. The violent conflict in 1982 in Hama between the Sunni Muslim Brotherhood and the Alevi ruling elite caused the deaths of thousands of people (Kenner 2011). Kurds, the biggest ethnic minority group, were oppressed and stripped of citizenship rights for about 50 years. The socio-economic policies of the authoritarian Baathist regime played a significant role in the popular uprising in 2011, and ethnic and religious cleavages have come to the surface and have been expressed in violent ways. In the midst of this conflict, Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians, Turkmens, and Chechens declared a Social Contract and the establishment of three autonomous cantons in Efrîn (Afrin), Kobanî (Ain al-Arab), and Cezîre (Jazirah) in January 2014. Representatives of these ethnic groups established jointly managed councils in three cantons where the council co-heads and their deputies were chosen from different ethnic groups to ensure that each group has equal rights to administration. Local civil and community-based organisations that were established to replace the ones of the Syrian regime in the Rojava region, which covers most of northern Syria, have successfully resolved interpersonal and intercommunal disputes in a setting where the Syrian regime failed and cannot address such disputes.