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The effect of cholecystectomy on the lipid profile of patients with gallstone disease: a prospective study

Background: Gallstones are a common cause for abdominal pain and discomfort. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the ‘gold standard’ for the treatment of gallstone disease. The association of gallstones in patients with altered lipid profiles is well documented. Recent studies have shown that there is an improvement in the lipid profile following cholecystectomy. The aim of the study was to study the effect of cholecystectomy on lipid profile and to study the relation between lipid profile and the nature of gallstones.Methods: Prospective study involving 100 patients admitted to the surgery department for cholecystectomy at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) hospital, Bangalore. Study period was on between October 2016 to July 2018. The pre-operative lipid profile was compared to the post-operative lipid profile done 6 months after cholecystectomy. Gallstone analysis was done with the extracted specimen.Results: There was a significant improvement in the lipid profiles of study subjects post cholecystectomy. The total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly (p<0.001) post cholecystectomy. Simultaneously, there was a significant increase (p<0.001) in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels post-surgery. Majority of the stones were cholesterol stones (51%) followed by pigment stones (6%) and mixed stones (43%).Conclusions: Cholecystectomy has a favourable effect on the lipid profile of patients. However, we found no correlation between lipid profile and nature of gallstones.