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JUMPING PLANT-LOUSE EURYCONUS DIALIA SP. NOV. (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE), ASSOCIATED WITH DIALIUM SP. (FABACEAE) IN CAMEROON

Jumping plant lice are phytophagous insects which induce damages to their host plants. The biodiversity of Cameroonian psyllid fauna is important but many species remain unknown. Euryconus dialia sp. nov. is associated with Dialium sp. a valuable timber tree in which the psyllid induces necrosis of leaves especially young plants. The aim of this work is the describe and identify the psyllid associated with Dialium sp. in Cameroon, a contribution of the psyllid biodiversity study in Cameroonian fauna. From the description E. dialia sp. nov. is characterized by forewing pattern in which the surface is covered by large brown band which is darker on the distal portion of the wing and on c+sc cell, a light white area covered the third surface of c+sc cell on the proximal portion and another light white area is surrounding half of the Rs vein; internal veins carrying dark patches except M2+3 and R+M+Cu veins. Genal processes well developed and broad anteriorly slightly incised forming two tubercles on the apex. Terminal abdominal margin with 4+4 truncate sectasetae; anus oval, in terminal position; circumanal ring consisting of a single row of pores; additional pore fields developed, convulted, extending much onto abdominal dorsum and consisting of a single row of wax pores. Comparing E. dialia with the specimens recorded previously elsewhere it is morphologically different from them and can be reported as new species in the Euryconus genus.


INTRODUCTION
The plants are associated with good number of insect species to provide to them nutritive elements for their surviving; among those insects psyllids are included. Psyllids generally called jumping plant-lice, are plant sap sucking insects belonging to Hemiptera order principally associated to perennial dicotyledone plants [1,2,3,4,5]. Psyllids induce several types of damages to their host plants: necrosis of some parts of the host plant, formation of galls, stunting of buds and leaves; some species are vectors and transmit pathogens to their host plant when they are feeding. The diseases transmitted by the psyllids induced the degeneration of the host plants.
microscope equipped with a drawing tube mark LEICA DM. 1000. SPSS version 16.0 program was used for statistical analysis. The morphological terminology follows mostly [25,26,27].

RESULTS
Fifth instar immature Colouration: overall body yellowish, half of the distal portion of abdomen completely yellow brown, anterior part of abdomen with four brown bands; dorsal face of thorax with 4 brown spots dorsal part of head covered totally by brown patch; wing pads brown and eyes redish. Structure: fifth instar immature dorsoventrally flattened ( fig.1); head with 3+3 simple setae. Antenna relatively long with ten segments, flagellum with a single rhinarium on the flagellomere 2, 4, 6 and 8. Wing pads sparse of short setae. The mesotibia with single capitate seta; metabasitarsus also with single capitate seta, metatibia with 3 regularly spaced apical spurs on external face and 2 on internal face, metabasitarsus with 2 single apical spur ( fig.2). Terminal abdominal margin with 4+4 truncate sectasetae; anus oval, in terminal position; circumanal ring consisting of a single row of pores; additional pore fields developed, convulted, extending much onto abdominal dorsum and consisting of a single row of wax pores ( fig.3). Measurements found in table 1.

Adult
Colouration: the overall body brown in male; and yellowish in female but the thorax is slightly darker than abdomen; in male abdominal sclerites brown separated by yellowish intersegmental membrane. Eyes dark reddish grey, ocelli lighter whitish. Antenna brownish but flagellomeres 5 and 6 with dark tip; fagellomeres 9 and 10 completely dark. Forewing surface covered by large brown band which is darker on the distal portion of the wing and on c+sc cell, a light white area covered the third surface of c+sc cell on the proximal portion and another light white area surrounding half of the Rs vein. All the internal veins of the forewing carrying dark patches except M2+3 and R+M+Cu veins; black pteriostigma. Hindwing hyaline with brown veins. Metatibia and metabasitarsus with black spurs. Structure: head strongly inclined from longitudinal body axis resulting in an arched dorsal outline of the thorax and wider than pronotum; vertex trapezoidal, 1.8 times as wide as long, covered by inconspicuous short setae; genal processes well developed and broad anteriorly slightly incised forming two tubercles on the apex, genal process 1.2 times as wide as long, each genal process carrying 7 long simple setae and inconspicuous short setae ( fig.4). Antenna relatively long 1.04-1.15 times as long as head width, fifth flagellomere the longest, single simple subapical rhinarium on flagellomeres 2, 4, 6 and 7, terminal setae long and flagellomere 2, 5, and 6 each with two setae while flagellomere 3, 4, and 7 each with single seta (fig.5). The pronotum of the prothorax and mesonotum of mesothorax less large than the head wide; mesonotum slightly arched while metanotum relatively large. The hind leg with long coxa carrying short and pointed meracanthus; metatibia without conspicuous genual spine, metatibia with 4 regularly spaced apical spurs on internal face and 3 on external face; metabasitarsus with 2 regularly spaced apical spurs; and hind leg ending by an arolium composed of two lobes ( fig.6,7). Forewing ( fig.8) .10) proctiger unipartite and tubular; male subgenital plate trapezoidal. Paramere ( fig.11) relatively long with broad proximal part and incurved internal margin ending by a sclerotinised hooked pointed apex, paramere sparsely covered with long simple setae. Distal segment of aedeagus relatively long, strongly inflated apically or distal dilatation irregularly oval with truncate apex and sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius relatively long and thick ( fig.12). Female terminalia ( fig.13) relatively long with broad proximal part and tapering apical half ending by rounded apex; circumanal ring elongate narrow and incurved consisting of two rows of elongate wax pores; subgenital plate triangular with broad proximal part and rounded apex; ovipositor well developed; valvula lateralis bluntly rounded apically; valvulae dorsalis and ventralis long and straight. Measurements found on table 2.
Etymology: the species name refers to its host plant name Dialium sp. Bio-ecology and damage: the adults and larvae of Euryconus dialia ( fig.14,a,b,c) are sucking sap of the host. Adults feed on the veins of the leaves while the immature stages feed on the host plant buds and produce white wax filaments. The highest number of adults and larvae was observed from June to September when there is moderated rainfall and from December to March during dry season. Numerical variation of E. dialia individuals in the year depends of the phenology of the host plant. The remarkable damage the psyllid induces to its host plant is the necrosis of the leaves especially when the host plant is young (fig.14d).

DISCUSSION
According to [28], the genus Euryconus is more related with the genera such as Brinckitia [29] with type-species Brinckitia annosa [29]; Colophorina [26] with type-species Colophorina cassiae [26]; Epiacizzia [30] with type-species Epiacizzia edentalis [30]; Euphaleropsis [31] with type-species: Euphaleropsis drypetis [31]; Euphalerus [32] with type-species Euphalerus nidifex [32]; Euryconus [33] with type-species Euryconus enderleini [33]; Macrocorsa [34] with type-species: Macrocorsa congensis [34]; Paraphyllura [35] with type-species Paraphyllura micheliae [35]; Peregrinivena [36] with type-species Peregrinivena liangheana [36]; According to [40] Macrocorsa genus resemble more to Colophorina and Euryconus genera. The forewing of the three genera is rhomboidal, pattern consisting of dark spots or patches, absence of genual spine on metatibia. Euryconus genus differs from Colophorina and Macrocorsa genera in that the head in profile, inclined from longitudinal body axis in an angle of about 0-45°; number of apical metatibia spurs 6-8; fifth instar immature with Capitate setae and anus is ventral. Euryconus dialia differs from Euryconus sp. recorded by [25] in Brazil the fact that the forewing pattern is composed of surface covered by large brown band darker on the distal portion of the wing and on c+sc cell, a light white area covered the third surface of c+sc cell on the proximal portion and another light white area surrounding half of the Rs vein. All the internal veins of the forewing carrying dark patches except M2+3 and R+M+Cu veins while in Euryconus sp. the forewing pattern without large brown band and bearing several brown spots on the veins and cells. In Euryconus dialia genal processes well developed and broad anteriorly slightly incised forming two tubercles on the apex, while in Euryconus sp. genal processes well developed and deeply incised forming two tubercles.

CONCLUSION
Euryconus dialia sp. nov. described in this work is morphologically different from the other species recorded previously elsewhere. The morphological characters specific for E. dialia are based on the forewing pattern, genal processes, and the circumanal of the fifth instar immature. Considering the economic importance of the host pant Dialium sp. (Fabaceae), is urgent put in place appropriate control method to fight against the pest insect described in this work.