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An Assay Method for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Seroprevalence Survey—Detection of Antibody in Saliva by Avidin‐Biotin Complex Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ABC‐ELISA)

To determine whether the avidin‐biotin complex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ABC‐E) is a potentially useful method for detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) antibody in saliva, paired serum and saliva samples from 129 healthy individuals aged 18 to 25 years were collected simultaneously and subjected to a neutralization test (NT) for neutralizing antibody and also to an indirect ELISA (IE) and ABC‐E for HSV‐1 specific IgG detection. Compared with the results of NT, the sensitivities of the IE and ABC‐E for serum were both 100% (45/45), and for saliva 82.2% (37/45) and 93.3% (42/45), respectively. The specificity of all these methods was 100% (84/84). With the same ABC‐E method, a significant correlation (r=0.66, P < 0.001) between the OD‐difference (d‐OD) values of positive serum and saliva samples was observed. Furthermore, the consistency of ABC‐E for salivary antibody detection was confirmed with the paired serum and saliva samples which were collected from four individuals followed up for eight months. It was clear that the ABC‐E method for saliva can be used in place of the NT and ABC‐E method for serum for seroprevalence studying of HSV‐1 infection.