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An updated list of type material of Ephemeroptera Hyatt & Arms, 1890, deposited at the Zoological Museum of Hamburg (ZMH)

Abstract The type specimens of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) housed at the Zoological Museum of Hamburg (ZMH) are compiled in this document. The current nomenclature of all species is given. In total, Ephemeroptera type material of ZMH encompasses 161 species. Fifty-one holotypes and five lectotypes are present. Forty-one species are represented by syntypes, 85 by paratypes and five by paralectotypes. Material of two species (Cinygma asiaticum Ulmer, 1924 and Pseudocloeon klapaleki Müller-Liebenau, 1982) is missing. The present catalogue is an updated version of Weidner (1964a).


Introduction
The Ephemeroptera collection of the Zoological Museum of Hamburg (ZMH) contains 433 species and approximately 4,500 specimens. In total, 161 species are represented by type material. In this sense, this is one of the largest collections with the highest number of type specimens of this insect order in Germany. Furthermore, the mayfly collection together with the caddisfly collection comprise some of the oldest voucher material of the entomological collection at the ZMH which was mainly collected at the end of the 19 th century and in the first decades of the 20 th century by the Hamburgian entomologist Dr. h.c. Georg Ulmer (1877-1963) (e.g., Weidner 1964b.
Georg Ulmer was born in Hamburg on 5 March 1877. He was the oldest son of seven siblings. After his father died in 1889, he decided to become a school teacher. During his qualification time in the early 1890s, he began collecting insects in the vicinity of Hamburg . Initially, he started to compile a beetle collection but since he observed a mass emergence of mayflies at the river Fulda near Kassel in 1898, he started to focus his collecting efforts and taxonomic studies on primarily aquatic insect groups like mayflies or caddisflies . In 1899, he finished his teacher training and started his career as a board school teacher in Hamburg for 32 years until 1934. Beside his profession, he studied voluntarily the faunistics, biology, systematics and taxonomy of Ephemeroptera (e.g., Ulmer 1904aUlmer , 1926Ulmer , 1939 and Trichoptera (e.g., Ulmer 1905Ulmer , 1951, and other freshwater invertebrates (e.g., Ulmer 1901Ulmer , 1902a. His first publication (Ulmer 1900) was followed by 175 scientific publications until his death on 15 January 1963 (Illies 1964). In the first years of his scientific career, he mainly studied the faunistics and taxonomy of caddisflies in the vicinity of Hamburg (e.g., Ulmer 1902b), or other localities in Germany (e.g. Ulmer 1904bUlmer , 1915. From the year 1905 on, he intensively started to study the material from foreign countries (including tropical regions), which has been lent to him by colleagues or other institutions (e.g., Ulmer 1905).
Besides the Trichoptera, Ulmer worked on mayflies (e.g., Ulmer 1908Ulmer , 1909Ulmer , 1912. Between 1904 and1943, he published thirty research papers on the systematics and taxonomy of Ephemeroptera (Kimmins 1963;Illies 1964) with the description of 111 species (Weidner 1964a). His studies on mayflies resulted in the fundamental revision of the Southeast Asian mayfly fauna with the description of numerous species (Ulmer 1939).
During World War II (in 1943), the Zoological Museum Hamburg (that time located near the central railway station) was bombed and nearly all dry preserved material housed in the collections was destroyed and burned in the fire. Only material deposited in ethanol was transferred into the underground networks and survived the war (Weidner 1967). The valuable Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera collection of Georg Ulmer was kept in his private house outside of Hamburg. In 1964, the insect collection of Georg Ulmer was donated to the ZMH (Weidner 1964b) providing the majority of the recent voucher material of the ZMH in these two insect orders.  (Spieth, 1938) Oligoneuriidae Edmunds and Allen 1957 anatolica Rhithrogena anatolica Kazanci, 1985 PT (1) M Rhithrogena anatolica Kazanci, 1985 Heptageniidae (d.) annandalei Polymitarcys annandalei Chopra, 1927 ST (1) F Ephoron annandalei (Chopra, 1927) Polymitarcyidae Hubbard and Srivastava 1985 apicatum Cloeon apicatum Navás, 1933 ST ( (Ulmer, 1909) Baetidae Gillies, 1990 biobionicum Deleatidium biobionicum Ulmer, 1938 PT (2) F Meridialaris biobionica (Ulmer, 1938) Waltz and McCafferty 1987 Georg Ulmer was an outstanding specialist and his comprehensive studies on the faunistics and taxonomy of various groups of freshwater invertebrates formed the foundation of the recent taxonomy and systematics of those groups, especially Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera.
In addition to Ulmer's collection, the ZMH also stores primary type material described by other authors, such as Klapalek (1905a,b), Lestage ( , 1935, Malzacher (1976Malzacher ( , 2015Malzacher ( , 2016, Müller-Liebenau (1971, 1980a, b, 1981, and Sartori (2008). An interesting finding was the discovery of several paratypes of species described by Esben-Petersen (e.g. 1909, 1912a, b, 1913, which were not labelled as such but come from the type series, judging from the dates and places on labels. More information on these mayfly specialists can be found at http://www.ephemeroptera. de/inhaltsverz_deutsch/Galerie____/galerie____.html, a webpage maintained by Udo Jacob and Arne Haybach. The only attempt, prior to this type catalogue, has been made by Weidner (1962Weidner ( , 1964aWeidner ( , 1977, who published a list of Ephemeroptera type material deposited in ZMH, without any taxonomic remarks. At that time, 121 species were mentioned. This catalogue is accessible online (https://www.cenak.uni-hamburg.de/sammlungen/ zoologie/entomologie/typenkatalog.html).
The catalogue that follows is arranged alphabetically by species name, followed by the original combination, author(s) name and year of publication. For each entry, an actual nomenclature (valid names or synonymy) is given. The kind of type and the metamorphic stage of specimens are abbreviated as indicated in the table header. The present study is a completely independent and new work; data reported by Weidner were not copied as a base for this catalogue. This study is entirely original work, based on the first author's specimen-by-specimen examination of the ZMH collections from December 2013 to June 2014. Recent publications by Malzacher (2015Malzacher ( , 2016) on Ulmer's collection were also added.