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Effects of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on Family Life

Chronic disease is a condition which produces an infinite variety of effects upon family interaction accentuated by the personality of each person within the family, the emotional approach towards one another and the family as a unit. PD is a progressive neurological movement disorder with permanent chronicity. Although the etiology is not known, research abounds and Fahn et al. (1992) strongly believe that free radicals influence the development of PD. Various factors affect the perception of disease and the adaptation of coping mechanism, declared Wright (1959). For example, individual differences and premorbid personality of patient and family members, the functional role within the familial hierarchy, physical, mental and social aspects, age of onset, the type of neurological condition and stage of disease process, pathology, disabling sequelae, trauma, heredity, probability of recovery or improvement, economic solvency, solidity of the family constellation, availability of support systems, and ability to use them, cultural attitudes, etc., to name a few. Some criteria may not specifically apply to PD or to particular patients and their families, but some general principles pertain to the effect on family life of all (neurological) disabilities. PD is not known to occur at birth, is very rare in childhood, but according to Langston (1992) may develop in early adulthood, and strikes most often in midlife or later. Each age group presents its own characteristics and problems, requiring different adaptations. There are also cultural differences. In the Occident and Mideast, personal values are rooted in body image and