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Theoretical and experimental investigation of significant characteristic parameters of piezoelectrical actuators

The main advantages of piezoelectrical actuators as compared with conventional actuation concepts are their high precision, unsurpassable resolution in motion (sub μm-range) and in particular their excellent dynamic behavior. Especially the very short response time of solid state actuators gives rise to new opportunities in developing high dynamical systems with unsurpassable characteristics. Very compact systems with parallel motion and high accuracy in high displacements can be realized by integration of piezoelectric actuators into special mechanical frames with lever transmission systems made of solid state hinges. For the design of such dynamical actuation systems, the knowledge of significant parameters such as resonance frequency, stiffness and damping as a function of the additional load is important. This problem can be reduced to the determination of a few general system parameters, which is outlined in detail. As a result of the complexity of compact electromechanical actuation systems this determination is not a simple calculation by means of commonly given material specific parameters or by the actuator moved masses. Exact acquisition of the characteristics of the complete transducer-system requires the use of a known mathematical model of piezoelectrical transducers and appropriate measurements. Essential parameters and characteristic values of piezoelectrical actuators are presented in order to develop a suitable measuring technique for general characterization of system parameters.