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CHLOROSULFONIC ACID: A HIGH POTENTIAL REAGENT IN CATALYST DESIGN

Chlorosulfonic acid was first prepared by Williamson in 1854 [1]. Chlorosulfonic acid (ClSO3H) s a colourless or straw-coloured liquid which fumes in air and decomposes slightly at its boiling point (151152 ° C) [2]. It is a strong acid which is toxic and corrosive and behaves as a dehydrating, oxidizing and chlorinating agent. It is soluble in some organic solvents, such as: CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3COOH, acetic anhydride and nitrobenzene. Chlorosulfonic acid may be stored and transported in steel containers, but in this case the iron content will be in the range 25-50 ppm [3]. Many reports showed that chlorosulfonic acid could act as a catalyst in some important reactions such as: esterification of aliphatic alcohols, alkylation of alkenes, and synthesis of alkyl halides from alkenic halides and isoalkanes containing tertiary hydrogen. Meanwhile, it was a powerful acid with a high reactivity because of its relatively weak sulfurchlorine (S-Cl) bond. This property led to that this reagent used for designing of various acidic catalysts.