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Mesenchymal Polyps of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstract Mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract can rarely present as incidental polyps that are encountered during routine endoscopic investigations for nonspecific upper gastrointestinal symptoms or as a part of screening for colorectal neoplasms. The spectrum of lesions includes fatty, smooth muscle, neural, and vascular lesions, as well as gastrointestinal stromal tumors and inflammatory fibroid polyps. Because most mesenchymal proliferations that present as small polyps are benign in nature, this review discusses the clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of the most commonly encountered benign mesenchymal tumors, namely, leiomyoma, mucosal Schwann cell hamartoma, perineurioma, ganglioneuroma, granular cell tumor, and inflammatory fibroid polyp.