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Problems of Evil

The chapter begins with a discussion of the nature and diversity of worldviews, and the proper ways to go about comparing and evaluating worldviews. Three stages of worldview assessment are delineated: articulation, internal evaluation, and comparative evaluation, with the latter stage consisting in the weighting of theoretical virtues. There follows a comparison of theistic worldviews with naturalistic worldviews. It is contended that naturalism is simpler than theism, and that, while considerations about evil may not lead to the internal defeat of either theism or naturalism, naturalism has an advantage over theism in that the distribution of suffering and flourishing in the universe is more difficult to account for on theism than on naturalism, at least if theistic explanations of evil incur no additional theoretical commitments.