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Applications Of Fiber Optic Coupler Sensors

A new type of single mode fiber optic sensor is described which possesses broad application to various sensor configurations. The sensor uses a potted fused tapered biconical fusion coupler as a strain transducer element. Changing or imposing conditions of internal stress near the fusion joint cause the output fiber coupling ratio to change. The overall excess loss of the coupler remains constant, only a change in output coupling ratio is observed. This characteristic is highly desirable for feeding the inverting and noninverting inputs of an electronic differential amplifier through application of a photoconductive device. A variety of geometrical configurations allow a coupler sensor to be designed as a differential pressure sensor with a wide range of applications. The sensor exhibits no observable one-over-f noise from over 10K Hertz to the steady state. Pressure oscillations of extremely low amplitude and frequency allow applications to various geophysical and chemical sensors.