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Stress Protective Role of Secondary Metabolites Diversity of Functions and Mechanisms

Secondary metabolites play a major role in the adaptation of plants to the changing environment and in overcoming stress constraints. This flows from the large complexity of chemical types and interactions underlying various functions: structure stabilizing, determined by polymerisation and condensation of phenols and quinones, or by electrostatic interactions of polyamines with negatively charged loci in cell components; photoprotective, related to absorbance of visible light and UV radiation due to the presence of conjugated double bonds; antioxidant and antiradical, governed by the availability of –OH, –NH2, and –SH groupings, as well as aromatic nuclei and unsaturated aliphatic chains; signal transducing. In our research embracing several plant-abiotic stress stimuli systems we evidenced the multiplicity of biochemical mechanisms involved in the protective role of secondary metabolites: condensation of chlorogenoquinone with proteins yielding brown pigments limiting the spread of stress-induced tissue damage in tobacco; accumulation of polyamines and formation of phenylamides in tobacco and bean subjected to water stress and heat shock, respectively, with phenylamides performing ROS-scavenging