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Bank Erosion Risk: A Study on the Khowai River, Tripura

Khowai, the second longest river of Tripura, is suffering from severe bank erosion and resultant shifting. Out of 78 km length in its lower reach, 27.22 km stretch has been represented in this paper, within which three sites, namely, Chakmaghat, Karilong and Moharcherra, have been identified as vulnerable to bank erosion through overlay of temporal datasets. The maximum rate of shifting is 10.84 m/year. This study aims to analyse the temporal change of the bank line of the Khowai River and to calculate the Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) of these vulnerable sites. Overlay of four temporal datasets (SOI topographical sheets No. 79M/9 of 1932-33 and 1974-75, LISS III satellite image of 1989 and 2006) shows the positional change of the Khowai River during the period 1932 to 2006. Then for estimating BEHI, field survey has been carried out for ranking of erosion risk. The variables selected for BEHI are bank height ratio, root depth ratio, bank angle, bank materials, weighted root density, surface protection etc. The study indicates that three sites are suffering from moderate to very high risk of bank erosion.