{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03787878787878788, 'fraction_numerical': 0.020202020202020204, 'mean_word_length': 3.6705882352941175, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Square-Root Sum Rule for Quark and Lepton Masses in a Minimal Composite Model

It is pointed out that the masses of quarks and leptons in the first generation may satisfy the square-root sum rule of m e 1/2 - m ν e 1/2 = m d 1/2 - m u 1/2 , which suggests the quadratic form of Hamiltonian in “hypercharges” and the additivity of “hypercharges” in a minimal composite model of quarks and leptons.