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Assessment of a Holistic Wellness Program for Persons with Spinal Cord Injury

Zemper ED, Tate DG, Roller S, Forchheimer M, Chiodo A, Nelson VS, Scelza W: Assessment of a holistic wellness program for persons with spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82:957–968. ObjectiveTo test the effectiveness of a holistic (comprehensive and integrated) wellness program for adults with spinal cord injury. DesignA total of 43 adults with spinal cord injury were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention group attended six half-day wellness workshops during 3 mos, covering physical activity, nutrition, lifestyle management, and prevention of secondary conditions. Outcome measures included several physical measures and standard psychosocial measures. Statistical analyses included paired t tests, used to determine within-group differences, and multiple regression conducted to assess between-group differences. ResultsWhen comparing within-group baseline and final results, the intervention group reported fewer and less severe secondary conditions by the end of the study. Similarly, significant improvements were found in health-related self-efficacy and health behaviors. No significant changes in physiologic variables were observed. Although no significant between-group differences were observed, regression analyses suggested participation in the wellness program may be associated with improved health behaviors. ConclusionWithin-group comparisons suggest improvements in several areas of the participants’ overall health behaviors. These findings, although preliminary, emphasize the potential role of health behaviors in positively influencing long-term health outcomes and quality of life.