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Evaluating the Potential of Advanced Vehicle Detection Systems in Mitigating Dilemma Zone Safety Conflicts

The dilemma zone is the area where drivers must decide whether to stop or go when presented with a yellow traffic signal. An incorrect decision, leading to either stopping too suddenly or running a red light, can cause accidents. Advanced vehicle detection systems could help mitigate these dilemma zone conflicts. This paper presents a field test that modeled and evaluated the impacts associated with both point (fixed) and space (continuous) advanced detection systems. A radar-based space sensor was installed at a high-speed signalized intersection approach and evaluated in comparison with a typical signal timing plan and advance vehicle detection provided by an in-pavement inductive loop. The results showed that the rate of drivers exposed to the yellow indication within the dilemma zone was reduced by 20% with the space sensor. Far fewer drivers passed through the intersection on yellow or ran the red light with the space sensor. These findings provide preliminary evidence that radar-based space sensors could potentially improve dilemma zone safety at high-speed signalized intersections. Directions for future research are discussed.