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An Integrated Study of Deep Seismic Sounding Profiling along Xinjiang Global Geosciences Transect (Quanshuigou-Dushanzi)

Some achievements in the study of the Deep Seismic Sounding profiling along Xinjiang Global Geosciences Transect (GGT) have been published in succession. This paper focuses on the comparison of the seismic phases along the whole profiling and the investigation of the relationship between crustal structure and geological evolution. The profile extends from the West Kunlun Mountains across Tarim Basin and the Tianshan Mountains, and terminates at the southern margin of Junggar basin, approximately 1 200 km long. Totally 12 shot points were designed along the profiling. During the field experiment 20 tons of explosive charges were used to generate seismic wave and 120 sets of seismographs were put into use for observation. As a result, totally 973 effective 3 component records were obtained. On the reduced travel time sections, 6 seismic phases (P g,P 2,P 3,P 4,P m,P n) were recognized. The final crustal velocity model was built by inverse calculation and ray tracing modeling. The final model indicates that the thickness of the main part of Tarim basin varies in the range of 38～46 km.The model also reveals that the Moho dips southward beneath southern Tarim basin at an angle in concordance with the angle of the crystalline basement. From central uplift of Tarim to the front of West Kunlun, the depth of the Moho increases from 40±2 km to 57 km. Further southward beneath the northern part of West Kunlun, the Moho interface suddenly becomes flat and the depth also decreases to 54 km. Based on the surveyed results that crystalline basement is uplifted, lower crust thickens beneath the northern part of West Kunlun, and huge sediments exist in the foredeep of Tarim, the authors have reached the conclusion that the crust of southern Tarim basin subducted a limited distance and depth beneath West Kunlun. In the region of Tianshan Mountains, The P n phases, with a velocity of 8.15 km/s, were recorded clearly. The Moho interface appears at an average depth of 52 km and the crust has a quite complex structure with a low velocity layer (3～7 km in thickness, 5.6 km/s in mean velocity) in the middle crust. It is also found that Moho is gently uplifted under Central Tianshan and is obviously ruptured under the boundary between Central Tianshan and North Tianshan. The thicknesses of various layers composing the crust vary remarkably in the lateral direction, and the structural characteristics suggest that the crust has been shortened as a result of the compression both from the south and from the north.