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Firsting in Discovery and Exploration History

Not exclusive to the study of the history of discovery and exploration, firsting is the process through which a scholar presents an act, circumstance, or phenomenon generated by man, or accomplishment to have occurred for the first time. Firsting necessarily implies seconding and lasting as concomitant processes that help structure historical exchanges. Firsting involves complex issues that conflict our present, including those of race and ethnicity, gender and sexuality, religion and language, and place of origin. These issues inform firsting within discovery and exploration history, or at the least are tricky to avoid implicating while firsting. In discovery and exploration history, firsting occurs when scholars attempt to precise when and where Europeans traveled for the first time. As will be shown in due course, not all scholarship or primary accounts arising from expeditions participate in firsting, but this fact does not deter subsequent academics, editors, and translators from using that scholarship and documentation to support firsting. The knowledge created from this form of scholarship, when undertaken in the West, is constrained by its limited relevance beyond the western world. Examples of firsting can be detected in scholarship about the events following the moment when Europeans came to the Americas in 1492 (although this moment really occurs before this date if we follow the Basques or the Vikings in their transatlantic voyages for economic and environmental purposes). These deliberations over when and which Europeans went where result in firsting. Firsting creates and then upholds a powerful framework through which the world can be understood, often to the detriment of those who are not constructed as firsters. In a contemporary world, firsting protects and privileges the eminence of the predominately white, western world at the expense of those who follow in the wake of its development. Thirty years ago, J.B. Harley and David Woodward acknowledged that scholarship has and continues to favor western perspectives on the nature of our world, which in turn leaves a dearth of scholarship (consulted, that is, by western scholars) with broader objectives.1 Harley and Woodward called upon scholars to engage with the problem.