{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.013623978201634877, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.191011235955056, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Radiation signatures of laser driven wakes in plasmas

In laser driven accelerators, the interaction of laser radiation with plasma leads to a variety of scattering mechansims. The scattered radiation can be used to understand the wake structure and its effect on electron acceleration. In the case of a resonantly driven quasi-linear wake, spectral broadening due to photon acceleration and deceleration is related to the coupling of energy into plasma waves. Simultaneous time and frequency analysis of the laser fields produces distinctive features in the photon phase space that give information on wake generation in long plasma channels. The ponderomotive guiding center algorithm is advantageous for modeling such interactions because it allows for averaging over optical cycles, and can be implemented in axisymmetric geometry. In the case of the nonlinear wakes that are driven in the self-guided regime, a region of electron cavitation is formed, which emits electro-optic shocks at the second harmonic of the drive laser. The form of this radiation can be correlated with electron trapping.