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Large-format photon-counting x-ray and gamma-ray imagers

Photoemissive photon counting tubes of 40 mm diameter are routinely made, and 75 mm tubes are in development. When these tubes are coupled to a suitable scintillator, substantial quantum efficiency can be achieved from soft rays through to gamma energies. Available scintillators and their performance are described in this paper. The advent of fast PC compatible computers has enabled the electronics readout to be improved, simplified, and reduced in cost. The new electronic readout system is described, and the image processing capability outlined. The pulse height distribution is available to the user, and to a limited extent, this allows the user to measure the energy of the input photons to the system. Systems of this type are used for x-ray crystallography, and could find wider applications in nuclear medicine and gamma ray photography.