{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024411508282476024, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0026155187445510027, 'mean_word_length': 5.597701149425287, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Quadrature Spatial Modulation for 5G Outdoor Millimeter–Wave Communications: Capacity Analysis

Capacity analysis for millimeter–wave (mmWave) quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is presented in this paper. QSM is a new MIMO technique proposed to enhance the performance of conventional spatial modulation (SM) while retaining almost all its inherent advantages. Furthermore, mmWave utilizes a wide-bandwidth spectrum and is a very promising candidate for future wireless systems. Detailed and novel analysis of the mutual information and the achievable capacity for mmWave–QSM system using a 3-D statistical channel model for outdoor mmWave communications are presented in this paper. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to corroborate derived formulas. Obtained results reveal that the 3-D mmWave channel model can be closely approximated by a log–normal fading channel. The conditions under which capacity can be achieved are derived and discussed. It is shown that the capacity of QSM system can be achieved, by carefully designing the constellation symbols for each specific channel model.