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The immunomodulatory effects of Carapax Trionycis ultrafine powder on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice.

BACKGROUND
There are abundant resources of Carapax Trionycis from soft-shelled turtle processing wastes each year in China. Our preliminary work showed that Carapax Trionycis ultrafine powder (CTUP) obtained using ball-milling with a particle size of 2.24 μm (D0.025) contained more active ingredients. The CTUP D0.025 has a good bioaccessibility, but there was no report about the immunomodulatory function of CTUP. Therefore, using a cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced immunosuppression mice model, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of CTUP D0.025.


RESULTS
The results indicated that CTUP D0.025 administration significantly improved the immune organs (bone marrow, thymus and spleen) indices and ameliorated spleen tissue morphology, increased the capacity of splenocyte proliferation and the activity of macrophages phagocytosis. CTUP D0.025 also significantly promoted the secretion of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α), improved the related mRNA expression levels of IL2, IFN-γ, T-bet and GATA3 in immunosuppressed mice, and increased the production of serum hemolysin and the levels of IgG, IgM as well as complement C3 . Moreover, CTUP D0.025 administration enhanced the antioxidant capacity of mice, exhibited a moderating effect on the damage of bone and skeletal muscle, and improved the recovery of bone mineral density and calcium metabolism.


CONCLUSION
These findings demonstrated that CTUP D0.025 had an effective immune-enhancing function in immunosuppressive Balb/c mice and also exhibited anti-osteoporosis properties. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.