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Reproducible microbial community dynamics of two drinking water systems treating similar source waters

Understanding whether the spatial-temporal dynamics of the drinking water microbiome are reproducible in full-scale drinking water systems is an important step towards devising engineering strategies to manipulate it. Yet, direct comparisons across full-scale drinking water systems are challenging because multiple factors, from source water to treatment process choice and configuration, can be unique to each system. This study compared the spatial-temporal dynamics of the drinking water microbiome in two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) with identical sequence of treatment strategies treating source waters from the same river system and with treated drinking water distributed in same large-scale (but independent) distribution system (DWDS) with similar disinfectant residual regiment. Dissimilarities in source water communities were tempered by the pre-disinfection treatments, resulting in highly similar post-filtration microbial communities between the two systems. However, high community turnover due to disinfection resulted in highly dissimilar microbial communities in the finished water between the two systems. Interestingly however, the microbial communities in the two systems increased in similarity during transit through the DWDS despite presence of a disinfectant residual. Overall our study finds that the drinking water microbiome demonstrated reproducible spatial and temporal dynamics within both independent but nearly identical DWTPs and their corresponding DWDSs. Graphical abstract