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Effective Use of LMS in Inculcating 21st Century Skills among University Graduates – A Conceptual Success Model

The last two decades have seen universities actively implementing ICT in teaching and learning, largely via the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS). With the increasing demands to respond to the needs of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) and with Blended Learning (BL) becoming popular in the educational landscape, LMS' functionalities have been uplifted to include components that provide robust platforms for students’ 21st century skills development through online exchange of communication, assessment and multimedia elements. However, mixed outcomes have been reported as the result of this initiative. While some educational enthusiasts may have been successful in integrating LMS in their teaching, there are lecturers who merely use LMS as a place to ‘park’ the contents of their subjects, hence not realizing the many potentials that LMS has to offer in cultivating 21st century skills among students. This study identifies the factors contributing to lecturers’ limited usage of LMS in their teaching and learning activities and based on the factors identified, propose a success model which can be referred to as a guideline for effective implementation of LMS in higher education. The outcomes are hoped to contribute to the tertiary education’s initiatives in producing graduates who are ready to meet the demands of the 21st Century workforce through the use of ICT in education.