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Chemical toolbox for "live" biochemistry to understand enzymatic functions in living systems.

In this review, we present an overview of the recent advances in chemical toolboxes that are used to provide insights into "live" protein functions in living systems. Protein functions are mediated by various factors inside of cells, such as protein-protein interactions, posttranslational modifications, and they are also subject to environmental factors such as pH, redox states, and crowding conditions. Obtaining a true understanding of protein functions in living systems is therefore a considerably difficult task. Recent advances in research tools have allowed us to consider "live" biochemistry as a valid approach to precisely understand how proteins function in a live cell context.