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Required water quality for the use of high-performance membranes.

The clinical benefits of high-performance membrane (HPM) dialyzers have often been reported since the advent of the synthetic polyacrylonitrile dialysis membrane. HPMs, which have high water permeability, eliminate a wide spectrum of uremic toxins, and offer excellent biocompatibility, are now essential for hemodialysis, hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration. For HPMs whose mean pore size is enlarged to secure better dialysis membrane performance, however, the dialyzing fluid must be highly purified to prevent contamination. Blood purification therapies using highly purified dialyzing fluid and HPM are expected to improve the prognosis of future patients undergoing dialysis.