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Genetics and Oral Diseases: A Scoping Review

Introduction: Recently genes act as hereditary blueprints of humans in our modern evidencebased dentistry era, Genomic wide association studies (GWAS) have investigated genetic and environmental factors which are considered instruments in genesis of complex and wide range of oral & maxillofacial disorders and syndromes. Their findings indicated that genetic mutation & polymorphisms are involved in periodontal diseases and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) etiology & play a role by contributing to small effects and in determining the course and outcome of these disorders. Oral tissues are unique in different aspects, but they share many genetic etiopathogenesis of various disorders that are common to tissues throughout the body. Conditions affecting oral and maxillofacial tissues may occur as a part of systemic conditions or syndromes or single gene mutation or multifactorial gene disorders or X-linked diseases. Objectives: This article provides scopic reviews on the previous and current human genetics factors association with oral, periodontal, and temporomandibular disorders, which may lead to revolutionized treatment and prevention plans in the future. Methods: Databases search of literature were reviewed including Egyptian knowledge bank (EKB), and PubMed (NIH) by using scientific terms for periodontal disorders, oral diseases, TMDs and genetic mutation. Bibliographies of additional articles were reviewed to identify additional studies of relevance.