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Discussion of “A Model of Coupled Heat and Moisture Transport in an Annular Clay Barrier” by L. Rossi, H. I. Inyang, J. Graham-Eagle, and S. Pennell

I would like to offer several observations, comments, requests for clarification, and analyses of certain facets of the article, primarily in order of appearance. Eq. 1 is an energy conservation equation that differs in several ways from the energy equation of deVries 1958 , which also deals with coupled heat and water flow in soil. The energy equation of deVries 1958 is a more detailed version of the energy portion of the theory advanced by Philip and deVries 1957 . The 1957 theory has achieved a dominant position with respect to this topic in soil physics. Milly 1984 discussed this theory as applied to thermal vapor diffusion effects on evaporation from land. The authors’ paper states that Eq. 1 neglects advection of thermal energy with the fluid flow. It is in contrast to the deVries 1958 theory and means, most important, that the latent heat of vaporization carried by water vapor is neglected. Vapor latent heat is an important factor in some situations, particularly heat pipes, where the vapor latent-heat effect accounts for the exceptionally large effective thermal conductivity of these devices. Also not accounted in the time-derivative part of Eq. 1 but appearing in deVries 1958 are heat capacity and latent heat of water vapor, as well as heat of wetting. The right-hand side of Eq. 1 represents the rate of energy conversions because of evaporation and condensation as a function of water content and temperature offsets from an equilibrium state. In deVries 1958 , however, instantaneous equilibrium of liquid and vapor is assumed and vaporization is constrained by requiring the sum of volume fractions of liquid, solid, and gas to equal one. Eq. 2 states a linear relationship between w unusual notation for volumetric water content and “thermal diffusivity K w .” The term “diffusivity” usually implies a diffusion coefficient with units of L2 /T. Units on the right-hand side of Eq. 2 , W / mK , make it clear that K w is a conductivity. Also, assuming a strictly linear relationship, as in Eq. 2 , is incorrect. The highly nonlinear and temperature-dependent conductivity functions as in Fig. 4 of Milly 1984 represent the true nature of soil thermal conductivity, as verified in many experimental studies. They are needed in this article for reasonable accuracy. Eq. 3 defines the equilibrium vapor content Veq that also appears in Eqs. 1 , 4 , 13 , and 14 . These equations and their context are consistent with Veq meaning the volume of liquid water per unit of total volume of barrier, which is equivalent to water as vapor within the same total volume. The description of er Eq. 1 is inconsistent