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The calculation of near-wake flows

Calculated flow properties are compared with measurements obtained in two-dimensional isothermal wakes with and without recirculation. The equations of continuity and momentum were solved numerically together with equations which formed a turbulence model. Calculations were made using three turbulence models: the first comprised transport equations for turbulence kinetic energy and the rate of turbulence dissipation; the second and third comprised equations for the rate of turbulence dissipation and two forms of Reynolds-stress equations characterized by different redistribution terms. The results show that, for wakes without recirculation, the particular turbulence model is less important than the boundary condition assumed in the plane of the trailing edge of the body; though the Reynolds-stress models do, of course, provide a better representation of the individual normal stresses. In the case of wakes with recirculation, both the length of the recirculation region and the rate of spread of the downstream wake are underestimated. The second discrepancy is particularly evident and appears to stem from the form of the dissipation equation. A suggestion for improving the modelling of this equation is provided together with necessary justification.