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PCNA and p 21 both accumulate very fast at heavy ion-induced DNA damage and become chromatin-associated after X-ray irradiation

Previously, we have described that PCNA (proliferating nuclear antigen; plays a role in DNA replication and DNA repair) and p21 (mainly known as a cell cycle inhibitor) form focal accumulations at heavy ion (HI)-induced DNA lesions. The necessity of the functional interaction between p21 and PCNA was shown for p21 foci formation at HI-induced DNA lesions [1]. Furthermore, we showed that p21 is part of the chromatin-associated protein fraction after DNA damage induction with HI [2]. Here, the kinetics of the PCNA and p21 accumulation at HIinduced DNA lesions is shown to be very similar and both proteins are part of the chromatin-bound protein fraction also after DNA damage induction by X-rays.