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[Surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures. The 100-year anniversary].

Fractures of the neck of the femur, and especially operative treatment of such, are seldom described in the older medical literature. Sir Astley Cooper (1768-1841) was the first surgeon to describe, in 1822, the two most common fractures of the upper end of the femur, medial fracture and pertrochanteric fracture. However, like many other surgeons of his time, he believed that such fractures would not heal. B. von Langenbeck (1810-1887), a German surgeon, was the first to propose operative treatment of a fracture of the femoral neck and actually did one operation, but the patient died. In 1897 and 1899, J. Nicolaysen (1831-1911), Professor of Surgery at the National Hospital, Oslo, published first his technique and then the results of closed nailing of fractures of the femoral neck in his material of 21 patients. He performed his first operation in July 1894, one hundred years ago. Fracture of the femoral neck was not as common in the 1890s as it is today. It is now one of the most frequent kinds of fracture and presents a major challenge to surgical and orthopaedic departments. Professor Nicolaysen is recognized in the international professional literature as a pioneer in the operative treatment of fracture of the femoral neck. His publications are reviewed in this article, to mark the hundredth anniversary of the first systematic nailing of a fracture of the neck of the femur.