{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.013781223083548665, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0103359173126615, 'mean_word_length': 5.11578947368421, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Description of evolution of neuraminidase from influenza A virus

Virus evolution is important because it generates new mutations, which can be harmful to humans. Because the evolution is a process along the time course, and many mathematical tools describe the phenomenon along the time course, thus it is possible to apply a mathematical tool to a virus evolution. Neuraminidase is one of two surface proteins in influenza A virus playing an important role influenza transmission, thus it is important to model its evolution. Yet, a protein sequence should be converted into numerical values in order to be workable in mathematical tools, and a driving force for evolution should be defined. In this study, first we use the amino-acid pair predictability as a measure of driving force for evolution to convert 3828 neuraminidases sampled from 1956 to 2008 into numerical values; second we use a system of differential equations to describe the mutation neuraminidases; and third we use the analytical solution to fit the evolution of neuraminidases. The results show a promising and encouraging trajectory of evolution of neuraminidases along the time course.