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Multi-Microgrid-Based Operation of Active Distribution Networks Considering Demand Response Programs

In a novel approach, this paper investigates the effect of demand response (DR) programs simultaneous with the multi-microgrid-based operation of active distribution networks. In the proposed model, the possibility of microgrid construction is evaluated through technical indices such as supply-adequacy, efficiency, voltage profile, and reliability as well as DR transaction costs. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved by a powerful method named non-dominated genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Due to the probabilistic nature of renewable energy sources, loads, and energy prices, these are modeled using their probability density functions by Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. Also, the backward–forward load flow method is employed for obtaining the objective function parameters. The results of the proposed model are compared with the conventional operation method in various scenarios by implementing it on IEEE 69-bus test distribution system.