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Results of attenuation measurements for optical wireless channels under dense fog conditions regarding different wavelengths

Free Space Optics (FSO) has gained considerable importance in this decade of demand for high bandwidth transmission capabilities. FSO can provide the last mile solution, but the availability and reliability issues concerned with it can not be ignored, and requires thorough investigations. In this work, we present our results about light attenuation at 950 and 850 nm wavelengths in continental city fog conditions with peak values up to 130 dB/km and compare them with attenuation under dense maritime conditions with peak values up to 480 dB/km. Dense fog is the most severe limiting factor in terrestrial optical wireless applications and light propagation in fog has properties in the spatial, spectral and the time domain, which are of importance to free-space optic data communication. In 2004 (within a short term scientific mission of COST 270) measurements of very dense maritime fog and low clouds were made in the mountains of La Turbie, close to the coast of southern France. Using the same equipment, the measurements were continued for the conditions of the continental city of Graz, Austria. This campaign was done in the winter months from 2004 to 2005 and 2005 to 2006 and allows us to compare fog properties for different environments, and the impact of snow fall. We provide detail analysis of a fog and a snow event for better understanding of their attenuation behavior.