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South Korea's Intelligence Targets U.S. Technology

As one of the Four Dragons of East Asia, South Korea has achieved an incredible record of economic growth. Little more than a generation ago, Korea was one of the world’s poorest countries. In 1963 its per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of only $100 was comparable to those of other poor countries in Asia and Africa. Today, Korea, with a GDP of $434.5 billion (with a year 2000 estimated purchasing power parity of $764.6 billion) and a per capita GDP of $9,019 (with an estimated purchasing power parity of $16,100 in 2000) boasts the world’s eleventh largest economy. Its GDP, now greater than that of India, is on a par with those of the lesser economies of the European Union. (See Table 1.) Korea’s leaders are keenly aware of the critical role of science and technology in fostering and maintaining their country’s economic development. Science and technology have ‘‘significantly contributed to the improvement of the [Korean] people’s quality of life, as well as in social and economic development [and are a] key element of national wealth, industrial competitiveness, and national security.’’ In an effort to join the ranks of the technologically advanced nations, the Korean government has placed a ‘‘special emphasis on strengthening its scientific and technological capacity.’’ An integral part of this ‘‘special emphasis’’ is the conduct of economic intelligence collection and technology transfer operations against technologically advanced nations. The late Dr. Ray Cline, a former Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, once stated, ‘‘South Korea gets enormous economic benefits from spying.’’ The Koreans, he said, have been