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Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient in India

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by the bite of a sandfly (Phlebotomus and Lutzomiya in the Old and the New World, respectively), and presents as visceral, cutaneous or mucosal syndromes. Mucosal leishmaniasis is common in South America, but is relatively rare in India. Primary leishmaniasis of laryngeal mucosa, together with other structures of the upper respiratory tract, is reported in immunocompromised patients. Primary, isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in an otherwise healthy individual is exceptional, and we describe such a case, who presented with hoarseness of voice.