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Contraception: a strategic investment.


 In 1995, researchers developed a model to compare the effectiveness and economic costs per person of different contraceptive methods. The model addressed the direct medical costs of method use, adverse and beneficial side effects, and unintended pregnancies. Indirect costs, such as the price of travel to and from a clinic, or loss of productivity in case of hospitalization, were not measured. All costs were evaluated from the perspective of both a private and a public payer. The study assessed the effects of all sexually active women of reproductive age in the US using each method for periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 years. 15 methods were compared. The outcome measure calculated for each was the number of pregnancies avoided, defined as the difference between the number expected to occur with no method and the number expected to occur using that method. The use of any of the evaluated methods proved to be more effective and less costly than using no method at all.
