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Behind teaching-learning strategies in physiology: perceptions of students and teachers of Brazilian medical courses.

The teaching-learning process must constantly overcome the barriers imposed by rapid scientific and technological advances, as well as changes in the profile of students and access to information. This study intended to analyze the perceptions of students and professors of medical courses about the teaching-learning strategies used in physiology at different Brazilian universities, as well as the factors that influence or hinder the learning of this discipline. There were analyzed questionnaires from 174 students and 16 professors of physiology from medical courses of 20 higher education institutions (public and private) in a southern Brazilian state. The teaching strategies most used by physiology teachers coincided with the classroom activities that students consider to have the greatest contribution to their learning (expository classes/lectures, tests and questionnaires, problem-based learning/clinical case studies and demonstrative/practical classes). It was also evidenced that teachers' didactic is considered as a very influencing factor for the students during their learning process, while the teachers pointed out daily pedagogical practice as the most relevant factor in the development of their skills within the classroom. Besides, some factors hindering the teaching-learning process of physiology were identified by the respondents, such as: large amount of information, little time for study outside the classroom, previous knowledge and intrinsic difficult of the discipline. Finally, students tend to study alone and generally used teachers' slides and their own notes as study materials. The continuous assessment of the perceptions, needs and difficulties of students and teachers plays an essential role improving the teaching-learning process.