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Evidence for HIV weakening over time

Payne et al. (1) present evidence that HIV may be evolving into a less virulent form over time. Central to this evidence is a documented difference in the results from an in vitro assay measuring HIV replication capacity in the two populations studied (in Botswana and South Africa). Because there are significant cross-sectional correlations between the results of this assay and viral load and CD4 counts, Payne et al. (1) suggest that the significantly lower HIV replication capacity documented in study participants in Botswana can be equated to slower disease progression from HIV infection to AIDS and death.