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Deciphering the internal driving mechanism of microbial community for carbon conversion and nitrogen fixation during food waste composting with multifunctional microbial inoculation.

In this study, the effects of multifunctional microbial inoculation on food waste composting based on the synergistic property between organic matter degradation and nitrogen fixation were investigated. The results showed that inoculation simultaneously strengthened organic matter degradation by 9.9% and improved the nitrogen content by 20.6% compared with that of the control group. Additionally, spectral analysis demonstrated that inoculation was conducive to the enhanced humification, which was supported by the improvement in polyphenol oxidase activity. Microbial analysis showed that most of the introduced microorganisms (Bacillus, Streptomyces, Saccharomonospora) successfully colonized, and stimulated the growth of other indigenous microorganisms (Enterobacter, Paenibacillus). Meanwhile, the change in microbial community structure was accompanied by the enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, network analysis and structural equation model revealed that the enhanced cooperation of microorganisms, in which more carbon sources could be provided by cellulose decomposition for nitrogen fixation.