{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.042042042042042045, 'fraction_numerical': 0.012012012012012012, 'mean_word_length': 5.2924528301886795, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Sports Tourism Theory and Method—Concepts, Issues and Epistemologies

Earlier this year I wrote a piece in ESMQ on approaches to research synthesis in sport management (Weed, 2005). This piece was subtitled ‘‘Chaos in the brickyard’’. The analogy from which this subtitle was taken was drawn by Bernard Forscher in 1963 who, commenting on the development of social science knowledge, expressed concern about what he saw as the ‘‘random’’ and often excessive production of studies (bricks) that were thrown on to the pile of research without any consideration as to how bodies of knowledge (‘‘edifices’’) could be constructed. Forscher’s analogy was constructed thus: