{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.016982364467668192, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007184846505551927, 'mean_word_length': 5.547008547008547, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Controlling of Portulaca oleracea and Meloidogyne incognita infecting sunflower using leaf extracts of Psidium guava

Experiments were conducted under laboratory and greenhouse conditions to investigate the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of dry and fresh leaves of Psidium guava on purslane weed growth and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting sunflower plants cv. Giza 102. A Petri dish assay showed that the aqueous extracts significantly reduced seedling length of purslane (Portulaca oleracea), with the degree of inhibition being concentration dependent. Greenhouse studies (in 2008 and 2009) indicated greatest significant inhibition in purslane growth as well as number of galls and egg masses of infecting nematode. However, this inhibition was accompanied with increase in sunflower growth and yield. The studies indicated increase in the endogenous contents of total phenols in purslane tissues which correlated with growth inhibition. Chemical analysis indicated increase in the contents of carbohydrates, protein and oil in sunflower seeds. The studies involved analysis of fatty acid composition by GLC which indicated increasing in the percentage of oleic and linoeic acids in sunflower seeds by fresh and dry leaves extract of P. guava. The percentage of linoleic acid and linolenic acid was higher by fresh and dry leaves extract. A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of P. guava extracts recorded that the ferulic, coumaric, vanelic, chlorogenic, caffiec acids were present.