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[Surgical results of severe acute pancreatitis with special consideration of the severity of pancreatitis].

The surgical treatment of acute pancreatitis remains controversial. Since 1975, we have treated 70 patients with acute pancreatitis. In 36 with severe acute pancreatitis who were not responding adequately to medical intensive treatments, mobilization and drainage of pancreatic exudate from pancreatic bed and retroperitoneal cavity (M-D procedure) were carried out. Thirty-six operative cases were classified into 8 edematous, 7 hemorrhagic, and 21 necrotizing. Edematous pancreatitis showed a tendency of early development of severe symptoms such as enzymatic encephalopathy. Eight of 36 patients who underwent M-D procedure died (22.2 percent), but the rate became 13.8 percent after excluding 3 who died of unrelated causes. Postoperative complications were most frequently encountered in the patients with gallstone pancreatitis. Obstruction of the alimentary tract due to pancreatic or peripancreatic abscess was most serious late complication. Six of the eight were required reoperations and three of them died of further complications which were developed after reoperations. The rate of curability of M-D procedure was 84.8 percent. These data suggest that M-D procedure is highly effective in the treatment of early case of severe acute pancreatitis.