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Independence in Work as a Socio-Cultural Phenomenon in Russia and Other Countries

This article examines various aspects of the phenomenon of independence of employees in present-day Russia. On the basis of European Social Survey (ESS) polls in 2006 and 2016 and International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) work orientations surveys in 2005 and 2015, we offer a comparative analysis of how much value is put on independence by employees in Russia and in some European and Asian countries. A socio-cultural approach was used to ensure a comprehensive analysis. This approach underlies four types of attitude to independence: valuing it, seeing it as excessive, feeling that one has too little of it, and feeling indifference to it. Russia is shown be an outlier in terms of independence and value put on, measuring higher than all the other countries covered by the ESS and ISSP surveys except Japan. Although Russia and Japan have similar independence statistics, practical forms that Russian employees’ independence takes bring Russia closer to European corporate culture. For Russians, the reference point of independence is high value put on independence and the latter’s implementation in work.