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PNAS Plus Significance Statements

The hydrodynamic forces within bursting bubbles are of interest for their relevance to small-scale fluid mechanics, bioreactor efficiency, pollutant degradation, and the origin of life. However, despite the 150-year history of their study, the strengths of flows within bursting bubbles are only hypothetically known. Here, we show that DNA nanotubes—architecturally similar to biological microtubules—are fragmented during the bubble bursting process. Further, by analyzing the resulting fragment lengths, we characterize the spectrum of elongational flow rates, revealing that surprisingly strong tensile forces can be generated—in principle sufficient to fragment filamentous cyanobacterial chains, lipid vesicle protocells, genomic DNA, and other long polymericmolecules residing within or near the disintegrating liquid film. (See pp. E6086–E6095.)