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Winging of the scapula as a complication of first rib resection: a report of six cases.

Long thoracic nerve injury occurred in 6 patients as a complication of first rib resection by the transaxillary route for relief of thoracic outlet syndrome. In a review of 38 patients following 48 first rib resections, this is the second most frequent complication. This complication has rarely been reported in the literature. In 4 patients the long thoracic nerve palsy was transient, and complete recovery of serratus anterior function occurred within 6 months. In one patient, complete recovery followed repair of the long thoracic nerve.