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Characteristics of Outcome in Schizophrenia at 13 Years

Background This paper describes the 13-year outcome of an epidemiologically defined and representative cohort of patients selected when they were experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia. Method In a 13-year follow-up study of a cohort identified in Nottingham in 1978–80, the outcome (symptoms, disability, residence and treatment) was assessed using standardised instruments. Results Four of the original 67 patients with ICD–9 schizophrenia were lost to follow-up and five were dead: 52% were without psychotic symptoms in the last two years of follow-up, 52% were without negative symptoms and 55% showed good/fair social functioning. However, only 17% were alive at follow-up, without symptoms and disability, and receiving no treatment. Conclusions The findings reported are similar to those of other long-term follow-up studies of schizophrenia and also to 5-year follow-up studies. Kraepelin's emphasis on the longitudinal implications of a diagnosis of schizophrenia are supported, but may be over-pessimistic.