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A Reappraisal of Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach

What is sex? For the most part, psychology – including feminist psychology – has not dignified this question with an answer. Sex is a given: a natural phenomenon, a reproductive duality, an ‘irreducible fact’ in need of no explanation beyond its biology, anatomy and reproductive functioning. Gender, in contrast, has been seen as a psychological phenomenon of interest for at least the past 30 years. When Suzanne J. Kessler and Wendy McKenna, two young, relatively unknown psychologists, published Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach in 1978, the new field of psychology of women had already been producing research and theory on gender for more than a decade. But Kessler and McKenna went much further. Despite its title, their book dared to challenge the objective reality of sex. The challenge is boldly stated on the book’s first page of text: