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Bats of Fort Leavenworth Military Reservation and nearby areas of eastern Kansas and western Missouri

Abstract Although nine species of bats are considered resident in northeastern Kansas, we caught only six (198 individuals). Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) comprised 77% of the catch, and three species - hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), and eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) - were each represented by one individual. Five captures of three species were county records: red bats in Linn and Miami counties, northern myotis in Leavenworth County, and evening bats in Leavenworth and Miami counties. The mean rate of capture was 9.4 bats/net site (Species Diversity Index: SDI = 15.0) and 2.9 bats/net night (SDI = 4.9). We captured no bats at 6 of 21 net sites, whereas the greatest catch at a single location was 56 bats. The rate of catch was similar to studies in Indiana, Ohio, and West Virginia, but the species diversity, utilizing MacArthur's diversity index, was lower (1.6 vs. 2.9 - 4.4). We obtained evidence of reproduction for the big brown bat, red bat (Lasiurus borealis), evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), and northern myotis. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in catch of adult male and reproductive female big brown and red bats, or for all species combined (numbers of other species were too small to test). The rate of capture over 5 hours of sampling was different than random for the big brown bat (χ = 38.800; P <0.001), and for all species combined (χ = 43.228; P = 0.001), but was similar for all species combined excluding the big brown bat (χ = 8.353; P = 0.079). Captures decreased over the sampling period. The rate of capture of red and evening bats was similar in all habitats sampled (P > 0.05), whereas big brown bats were caught disproportionately often over stream versus bottomland and upland corridors (χ = 12.486; P = 0.002). At 10 sites sampled ultrasonically, we detected echolocation calls of seven species. Although we detected calls of the eastern pipistrelle and little brown myotis, these species were not captured at these 10 sites.