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Requirements to the light sources and photodetectors used for design of optical tomographs

Feasibility of a high-resolution tomography for the analysis of the thyroid gland structure has been already demonstrated. It is based on registration of ballistic photons (BP). To generate BP the method of optic heterodyning is used. A high-resolution tomograph based on this technique is similar to Mach-Zehnder interferometer. An APD is used as a photodetector. The light coming through human tissues experiences both absorption and scattering. A certain amount of optical energy must be generated by the light source in order to provide acceptable SNR at the output of the photodetector. In others words, the number of BPs must be above a certain threshold. Since human tissues have various absorption coefficients, during the design of a tomograph a special attention must be paid to the following parameters: 1. Wavelength of the laser; 2. Coherence length of the laser; 3. Minimum required optical power; 4. Beam diameter and form of the generation area. This article is devoted to following items: 1. Experimental results of measuring the spectral response of thyroid gland tissues, fat cellular tissue, human skin are provided; 2. The model of the light transmission through the glands is described. With the help of this model we definite the approximate amplitude of the absorption and scattering spectral coefficients for both the gland and adjacent tissues.