{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024719101123595506, 'fraction_numerical': 0.020224719101123594, 'mean_word_length': 5.144827586206897, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
High-energy ion generation

We report on multi-MeV ion beam generation from the interaction of a 10 TW, 400 fs, 1.053 μm laser focused onto thin foil targets at intensities ranging from 1017 to 1019 W/cm2. Ion beam characteristics were studied by changing laser intensity, the preformed plasma scale-length and target material initial conductivity. We manipulated the proton beam divergence by using shaped targets. We observed nuclear transformation induced by high-energy protons and deuterons. A fully relativistic two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation modeled energetic ion generation. These simulations identify the mechanism for the hot electron generation at the laser-plasma interface. Comparison with experiments sheds light on the dependence of ion-energy on preplasma scale length and solid density plasma thickness as well as relates ion energies for multi-species plasma.