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Active optically-controlled broadband terahertz modulator based on Fe304 nanoparticles

We report an active broadband terahertz modulator based on an Fe304 nanoparticle/Si structure, where the interface effects were measured in a THz time-domain spectroscopy system. The Fe304 nanoparticle thin film on the Si substrate was easily attained by spin-coating ferrofluids. A modulation depth as high as 92% was achieved at an external laser irradiance of 3.6 W/cm2. This result can be explained by the accumulation of carriers at the interface of the hybrid structure, which induces intense absorption of the terahertz transmission. The superior performance of this device for THz wave modulation compared to other nano-material-based terahertz modulators and the ease of fabrication both illustrate that this is a promising method to modulate THz transmission.