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Urban Micro-Circulation Bus Planning Based on Temporal and Spatial Travel Demand

Bike sharing systems improve public transport by providing the first or last-mile connections for citizens, and therefore, bring great convenience to modern urban life. However, the rapid growth of Bike sharing systems, particularly, the dockless ones, leads to a series of new problems, such as destructive competition, wasting of resources, discretionary parking, etc. To this end, this paper aims to develop a new type of public transport service, namely, micro-circulation bus, according to spatiotemporal analysis of multimode pick-up and drop-off demands. In particular, we first identify the stations of micro-circulation bus by clustering the large-scale pick-up and drop-off points, then construct transition network according to spatiotemporal Origin-Destination (OD) analysis. Last, an iterative greedy algorithm is proposed to plan the routes of micro-circulation buses by decreasing transportation afford on constructed transition network gradually. Experiments are conducted on real-world data, results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and also reveal the potential of first and last-mile ransportation service by micro-circulation buses.