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In Utero PM2.5 Exposure Contributes to Adult Cardiac Dysfunction

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of in utero exposure to PM2.5 on the adult cardiac functions. Female FVB mice were exposed either to filtered air (FA) or particulate matter (PM2.5) at concentration of 51.69 μg/m3 for 6 h/day, 7 days/wk throughout pregnancy. To examine cardiac function, male offsprings at 12 weeks of age underwent a baseline echocardiographic assessment. Following sacrifice, cardiomyocytes were isolated to assess cardiac dysfunction at cellular level using IonOptix. LV tissue from separate group of mice was used to isolate mRNA and protein to study underlying mechanisms. Mice exposed to PM2.5 in utero demonstrated increased LVESd and LVEDd dimensions and reduced PWTs. Morphological alterations were associated with lower systolic function as indicated by reduced FS in PM2.5 exposed mice compared to FA controls. Cardiomyocytes isolated from PM2.5 exposed hearts showed reduced %PS compared to FA exposed hearts. ‐dL/dt was significantly reduced whereas +dL/dt, TR90 and TPS90 remain unchanged between the groups. qPCR analyses revealed decreased TNF‐α, increased IL‐1ß, collagen I and MMP9 expression in one‐day‐old mice exposed to PM2.5 in utero compared to FA. Western blot analyses demonstrated modified NCX, SERCA and PLN expression in PM2.5 compared to FA exposed hearts. Mass spectrometry revealed differential expression of proteins involved in maintaining cardiac physiological functions in PM2.5 compared to FA exposed hearts.