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Compact and low-crosstalk mode (de)multiplexer using a triple plasmonic-dielectric waveguide-based directional coupler

A compact and low-crosstalk mode (de)multiplexer [(De)MUX] is proposed based on a triple-waveguide coupler, consisting of a hybrid plasmonic waveguide in between two outer silicon waveguides. The proposed quasi-TM0 and quasi-TM1 mode (De)MUX is optimized by using the full vectorial finite element method and 3D full vectorial finite difference time domain method sequentially. The numerical results show that the proposed mode (De)MUX has a compact coupling length of 7.5 μm, an ultralow mode crosstalk of −30  dB, an insertion loss of 0.32 dB at 1550 nm, and an extinction ratio of >15  dB over the full C-band. The fabrication tolerance of the proposed mode (De)MUX is also investigated in detail. The effects of thermal tuning and absorption heating are studied to correct the fabrication errors and to evaluate the thermal effects on the performance, respectively.