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Novel mobile-based location techniques for UMTS

The aim of this paper is to propose two new hybrid cellular techniques for mobile positioning in UMTS. Developed methods are entirely mobile-based since no modifications are required on the network side. Proposed techniques exploit signal strength and delay spread measurements from at least two base stations. The estimation accuracy of the presented location techniques has been assessed by measurement campaigns performed in various network configurations and in diverse propagation environments. Measurement results have indicated that the accuracy of positioning based on signal strength measurements can be improved in majority of propagation environments if one of the proposed methods is used. Namely, in a measured area in an urban micro cellular environment the mean error in the range estimation has been reduced from 58 m to 30 m when introduced method has been used. Slightly smaller improvement (30%) has been observed in macro cellular urban and no improvement in macro cellular suburban/rural environment. In addition, obtained measurement results have illustrated that the range estimation error resulting from signal strength based positioning is correlated with the distance from the measured base station. Observations of the range estimation error have been concluded in a distance-dependent model.