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Political Violence During the Spanish Second Republic

Violence became increasingly prominent during the short life of the Spanish Republic, and references to it formed an important aspect of the political rhetoric of the era. Each side of the political polarities accused the other of resorting to violence, while the exiguous centre denounced both sides (although the centre especially denounced the left, since most of the violence by civilian groups came from the left). Yet this violence, which claimed more than 2000 lives, was immediately followed by and subsumed under the much greater violence of the Civil War. Studies of violence in Spain have naturally focused primarily on the latter, while studies of the Republic centre much more on political and social conflict per se. Despite the undeniable importance of escalating political violence in helping to produce the breakdown of Spain’s first attempt at twentieth-century democracy, no general analysis of its character and extent has ever been carried out.