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[Surgical access in interventions on the kidney, adrenal gland and upper and middle third of the ureter].

The paper presents indications for, techniques and feasibility of different approaches--thoracophrenolaparotomy (TPL), vertical median and transverse subcostal laparotomy as well as anterolateral lumbotomy--in various retroperitoneal surgical conditions. TPL approach providing maximal radicality and safety in serious operations is thought basic in operative urology. The authors believe that the rest approaches are variants of abdominal part of TPL performed isolated. Thus, if one of the abdominal approaches meets with technical difficulties and a risk of serious complications, these difficulties are overcome by conversion of the approach to TPL.