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Flow-Injection Determination of Benzimidazole Fungicides in Natural Waters with Copper(II)-Hydrogen Peroxide Chemiluminescence

A simple, sensitive, and rapid flow-injection method is reported for the determination of benzimidazole fungicides (BFs): fuberidazole, benomyl, and carbendazim. The method is based on enhancement of the chemiluminescence (CL) signal generated during the reaction of BFs with hydrogen peroxide and copper(II) in alkaline condition in the absence of luminescent reagents. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration range of 5–2000, 25–2000, and 25–5000 ng mL−1 for fuberidazole, benomyl, and carbendazim, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n = 4) were in the range 1.2–2.6% with limits of detection (S/N = 3) 3 ng mL−1 for fuberidazole, and 15 ng mL−1 for benomyl and carbendazim. The proposed method allowed 120 injections h−1. The effect of common anions, cations, and some pesticides on the determination of BFs was also examined. The method is applied to determine BFs in spiked natural water samples using Sep-Pak C18 cartridges for solid phase extraction and preconcentration procedure. Recoveries were in the range of 94 ± 1 to 105 ± 1%. The CL mechanism is also discussed briefly.