{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.027952082144894468, 'fraction_numerical': 0.011409013120365089, 'mean_word_length': 5.048275862068966, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The Cycle of Undermobilization of Minority Voters

According to 2016 Census data White non-Hispanics turned out to vote at 65% compared with 59% for African Americans, 49% for Asian Americans, and 48% for Latinos. Why does this discrepancy continue to be an artifact of American elections? The answer is what I call the cycle of undermobilization, and creates a self-fulfilling prophecy that will not be remedied until our political institutions address three critical issues. First, there needs to be a marked increase in the outreach and contact with Black, Latino, and AAPI voters. If voters are not regularly contacted, they will not vote. Second, candidates, parties, and institutions charged with upholding our democracy must address the efficacy deficit in minority communities. If people of color do not believe the political system cares about “people like me” it makes it much more difficult for any amount of outreach to resonate. And third, contact to minorities needs to be culturally appropriate and campaigns must incorporate more Black, Latino, and Asian-American staff to ensure this outcome. The importance of voter mobilization is presented in the article by Ramirez, Solano & Wilcox-Archuleta, “Selective Recruitment or Voter Neglect? Race, Place and Voter Mobilization in 2016” (2018). The authors make the case that even after controlling for whether a voter lived in a coveted battleground state, minority voters receive less contact than Whites. The Ramirez, Solano & Wilcox-Archuleta contribution to this debate is that the race of the person doing the contact is also very important to consider, finding minorities are much more likely to report contact by co-racial group members and be neglected by Whites. Coupled with prior