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ROMAN GREEK: LATINISMS IN THE GREEK OF FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS

In 1935, Johannes Hering published his dissertation entitled Lateinisches bei Appian. In his introduction, he states that while the influence of Greek on Latin had been the subject —already by 1935—of several investigations the same could not be said of the reverse, the influence of Latin on Greek. The state of affairs some seventy years later is little changed. While the important and unequalled study of J. N. Adams addresses the question in certain instances, the main concern of his book is with speakers of Latin, whether Latin was their native or a later acquired language and their use of, struggle with or rejection of Latin with relation to conceptions of identity. Even in a recent work focused on language change in which Greek authors such as Diodorus and Dionysius writing under or in imperial Rome are examined, the influence of Latin is not taken into consideration. While the present study by no means attempts to address this situation as a whole, its aim (as is the case with a few other, more recent studies) is much the same as Hering’s, namely, to examine in what ways the Greek of Josephus was influenced by Latin. Of course, Latin would not have been the only language to influence his Greek. Aramaic, Josephus’ native language, certainly played a role. Attempting to determine the degree of influence each of these languages exercised on Josephus’ Greek is also a goal of this study. Before considering the impact Latin left on Josephus’ writings, it will be helpful to review briefly the sort of investigations that have been done by those philologists and linguists who have concerned themselves with the language of Josephus. Afterwards, it will also be of benefit to consider evidence both direct and indirect relating to Josephus’ knowledge of Latin. Lastly, a word on the methodology here employed will be provided.