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AJAX AND ACHILLES PLAYING A BOARD GAME: REVISITED FROM THE LITERARY TRADITION*

According to the detailed surveys carried out by a large number of archaeologists and scholars, there are more than 150 vases depicting the well-known image of Ajax and Achilles playing a board game.1 These vases have been dated to the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E. Interestingly enough, in some cases the two warriors are explicitly identified as Ajax and Achilles on the basis of inscriptions.2 Sometimes even the number of their throws on the game board is also labelled.3 Furthermore, many of the pieces of pottery adorned with this motif show formulaically4 the presence of the goddess Athena. This goddess is depicted facing the viewer and standing between the players, holding her spear in one hand while making a gesture as if speaking with the other one, and looking rather sternly at Achilles.5 However, the meaning both of her gesture in particular and that of the picture in general still