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Red Mud Characterization Using Atomic and Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Red mud is a toxic waste left as a byproduct in aluminum production Bayer process. Since it contains significant concentrations of other chemical elements interesting for industry, including Rare Earths Elements (REEs), it is also potential secondary ore source. Recent events in some countries have shown that red mud presents a serious environmental hazard if not properly stored. The subject of our study is evaluation of the red mud elemental composition, especially yttrium, scandium, gallium and REEs, from an ex-aluminum plant in Obrovac, Croatia, left from the processing of bauxite mined during late 70's and early 80's at the eastern Adriatic coast and stored in open concrete basins for more than 30 years since then.