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LQR Based PI Controller for Load Frequency Control with Distributed Generations

In this paper, a novel application of linear quadratic regulator based proportional-integral (LQR-PI) controller is proposed for load frequency control. The given methodology is examined on a two-area multi-source interconnected power system. Furthermore, area-1 comprises of thermal power plant as well as distributed generations like solar photovoltaic (SPV) and wind turbine system (WTS), whereas area-2 comprises of geothermal power plant. First, the state-space modelling of the test system is done, then using an appropriate Figure of demerit (FOD) LQR gain is determined. Moreover, the proposed LQR-PI controller is compared with LQR based integral (LQR-I) controller to show the effectiveness. Finally, sensitivity is analyzed by ±20% variation in thermal-turbine time constant and tie-line loading. Sensitivity analysis depicts that the controller is robust and optimum gains obtained during nominal operating conditions need not to be changed.