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Spinal epidural hematoma during anticoagulant therapy. A case report and review of the literature.

The authors present a case of spinal epidural hematoma during anticoagulant therapy. Clinical presentation is characterized by classic paravertebral back pain, followed by progressive neurological deficit due to spinal cord and radicular compression, with sensory deficits and bladder disturbance. From the literature, 37 cases are collected of spinal epidural hematoma during anticoagulant therapy, treated surgically. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis are discussed. Early surgical decompression of the spinal cord minimizes the degree of permanent neurological damage, because of the long-time compression of the spinal cord resulting in irreversible disturbance of circulation; therefore an early diagnosis is a better prognosis. The thoracic and cervical spine canal is smaller than the lumbar, therefore there is less space to reward the formation of hematomas, consequently the postoperative recovery is lower in patient with high spinal epidural hematomas with respect to lumbo-sacral spinal epidural hematomas; at this level the epidural hematoma may be insidious in its onset and tends to become chronic before definite treatment is undertaken.