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Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate reduces neutrophil extracellular trap formation and tissue injury in severe acute pancreatitis

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promote intra‐acinar trypsin activation and tissue damage. Therefore, reducing NET formation can reduce tissue damage in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). However, NET formation pathways may differ among disease models. In this study, we evaluated the role of the myeloperoxidase–neutrophil elastase (NE) pathway in NET formation in SAP. SAP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and LPSs in mice, and NE activity was inhibited by GW311616. Pancreatic tissues were collected for multiplex immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and western blotting to detect NET formation and the effect of NE on citrullinated histone H3, followed by analyses of serum amylase and cytokine levels. Pretreatment with GW311616 significantly reduced NET formation, pancreatic tissue damage, and systemic inflammatory responses in SAP. Network pharmacology analyses using NE as the target revealed the monomeric compound epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG). Binding between EGCG and NE was validated using molecular docking, and the ability of EGCG to inhibit NE activity was verified experimentally. NET formation by PMA‐stimulated neutrophils was significantly reduced in vitro when the cells were pretreated with 40 μM EGCG. Pretreatment with EGCG significantly reduced NET formation, pancreatic tissue damage, and systemic inflammatory responses in vivo. These results reveal that NET formation requires the myeloperoxidase‐NE pathway, and citrullination of histone H3 is affected by NE activity in SAP. EGCG shows therapeutic potential for affecting NE activity, NET formation, and systemic inflammation in SAP.