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Urban Development, Policy Failure, and Regime Change in a Manager-Council City

This study of St. Petersburg, Florida, shows that large-scale urban development decisions are irreversible. A prodevelopment regime used an aggressive city manager, a prodevelopment council, and a mayor to pursue risky development policies. Scandal, policy failure, and racial polarization triggered a governmental structure change. Mounting debt forced the adoption of caretaker, or maintenance, policies to minimize the tax burden.