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Old Laws, New Strategies: Continuity and Change in the Labor Politics of Brazil and Mexico

Within Latin America, the Brazilian and Mexican legal frameworks for labor represent two ends of a spectrum: the former is extremely conservative, while the latter is remarkably progressive. Political changes in the two countries have led to a current labor-friendly climate in Brazil and a labor-unfriendly climate in Mexico. In both cases, there have been initiatives - from different sides - to modify the labor code. Although some changes have been implemented, no major law reforms have passed in either country. While the legal framework is important enough for actors to push for revision, labor practices have evolved beyond legal constraints - and in different directions in the cases under study. This paper undertakes two objectives: (1) trace continuity and change in the Brazilian and Mexican labor codes; (2) describe the innovative strategies used by Brazilian labor actors to circumvent legal challenges and the restrictions that Mexican labor actors face in applying the provisions of the labor code.