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The collaborative planning’ project in an institutionalist and relational perspective: A note

The 'planning project' and the idea of collaborative planning Those who have worked in or encountered the field of 'planning theory' in recent years tell a narrative of conceptual development in which so-called 'rationalist' and 'critical political economy' traditions have been challenged by, and to some extent displaced by, a 'communicative/collaborative turn'. There has been a great deal of debate and criticism of this 'turn', and more recent efforts in the planning theory field are producing greater diversity in intellectual contributions. But the 'communicative/collaborative turn', which is in practice a broad umbrella sheltering different kinds of work, has many parallels and interactions with 'post-positivist' and interpretive work in policy analysis (see Fischer and Forester, 1993). Some contributors, such as John Forester, have provided inspiration to both fields. The 'planning project' generally has much in common with policy analysis, but, as stressed by John Friedmann, its focus of attention is on 'societal guidance' in some way, on shaping future development trajectories, not merely analysing and shaping specific policies (Friedmann, 1987). The inspiration of the project is the hope that, through some kind of collective human endeavour, some kind of governance process, a better outcome can be created than would otherwise emerge. As a 'project', therefore, it has a strong normative tone, and belief in the possibility that, by collective human endeavour, the future can be influenced and shaped for 'good' purposes. Those involved in this 'project', from people working inside government systems inspired by 'societal guidance' intentions, to critical analysts and theorists observing these practices and promoting alternatives, have always felt the need to maintain such an orientation, a focus