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Topical bromfenac vs focal laser photocoagulation in treatment of focal diabetic macular edema

Objective The aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical bromfenac in comparison with focal laser photocoagulation in treatment of focal diabetic macular edema (DME). Background DME, a serious eye condition caused primarily by hyperglycemia, is the major cause of visual loss in the working population of developed countries. Patients and methods A total of 30 eyes from 30 diabetic patients with previously untreated focal DME were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study from October 2017 to October 2018. Patients with central macular thickness (CMT) less than 350 μm were included. Patients were divided into two equal groups, each of 15 eyes. Group 1 patients received focal laser as needed and group 2 patients received topical bromfenac eye drops twice daily for 6 months. Best-corrected visual acuity and CMT were measured initially and at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. Results After 6 months, best-corrected visual acuity was stabilized as baseline in 60 and 53.3% of group 1 and group 2 patients, respectively. After 6 months, the mean baseline CMT was significantly reduced from 290.5 ± 10.1 to 266.4 ± 8.6 μm in group 1 (P < 0.001) and from 286.9 ± 10.59 to 265 ± 14.14 μm in group 2 (P < 0.001). Conclusion Topical bromfenac showed good results close to that of focal laser on stabilization of vision and reduction of CMT in patients of focal DME with favorable safety and tolerability. Topical bromfenac twice daily for 6 months may play an effective role in treatment of early focal DME.