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Molecular characterization of a human calicivirus with sequence relationships closer to animal caliciviruses than other known human caliciviruses

cDNA clones were produced from a morphologically typical human calicivirus (HuCV) in stool specimens collected in 1982 during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in Sapporo, Japan. The cDNA clones were generated separately in two laboratories by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using primers 35 and 36 derived from Norwalk virus. The RT‐PCR product from six specimens was of the predicted size, had a continuous protein encoding frame on the positive strand, and contained GLPS and YGDD amino acid motifs at the predicted distance from the primers. RT‐PCR amplification with primer 35 and a HuCV/Sapporo‐specific primer 36 of four HuCV/Sapporo‐positive stool specimens from a 1986 Houston day care center outbreak yielded products with 93% nucleotide and 99% predicted amino acid sequence identity with the HuCV/ Sapporo strain from the 1982 outbreak. The HuCV/Sapporo strains are genetically distinct from previously characterized HuCVs and more closely related to known animal CVs than other known HuCVs. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.