{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.019721818559269255, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0035291675316587085, 'mean_word_length': 4.550691244239632, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Cranial Screw Migration along the Subdural Peritoneal Shunt Catheter in a Pediatric Patient

However, during the diagnostic tests we saw that a screw has migrated along the SP shunt catheter from the skull intothe abdominal wall ( ► Fig. 1 ). The screw was removed successfully together with the shunt catheter by doing an incision over the screw ( ► Fig. 2 ). In this report, a titanium screw migration along the SP shunt catheter was observed and it was removed carefully during the SP shunt removal surgery. Abstract Craniotomy is a common surgery used to expose the brain by removing a part of the bone from the skull. During surgery, bone ﬂ aps can be ﬁ xed by using variety of materials that can migrate in the long term. A 7-year-old boy presented several years after the craniotomy and subdural peritoneal (SP) shunt surgeries. It was decided to remove the shunt catheter, and during the diagnostic tests, we saw that a loosened titanium screw has migrated along the SP shunt catheter from the skull into the abdominal wall. To the best of our knowledge, this is the ﬁ rst case in the reported electronic literature for a pediatric patient with a subcutaneous migration of a screw along the shunt catheter.


Introduction
Craniotomy is a common surgery used to expose the brain by removing a part of the bone from the skull. 1 There are different approaches for fixing the bone flap for craniotomy, one of which is titanium plates and screws. 2 Sometimes this hardware can loosen and usually remain in the same location. 3 In this case, a titanium screw migrated from the skull into the abdominal area. The existence of the subdural peritoneal (SP) shunt had facilitated this. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the reported electronic literature for a pediatric patient with a subcutaneous migration of a screw along the shunt catheter.

Case Report
A 7-year-old boy presented us with an SP shunt with bilateral proximal catheters. In the patient history, he was operated with a craniotomy to evacuate subdural hematoma due to a nonaccidental trauma when he was an infant. He also developed subdural hygroma and a SP shunt with bilateral proximal catheters was placed after the incident. After 6 years, the patient represented to our clinic for the assessment if he is still in need of SP shunt. After clamping the SP shunt and intracranial pressure monitoring, we assured that the patient was not in need of SP shunt anymore. We decided to perform an SP shunt catheter removal surgery. However, during the diagnostic tests we saw that a screw has migrated along the SP shunt catheter from the skull into the abdominal wall (►Fig. 1). The screw was removed successfully together with the shunt catheter by doing an incision over the screw (►Fig. 2).

Discussion
In this report, a titanium screw migration along the SP shunt catheter was observed and it was removed carefully during the SP shunt removal surgery.

Abstract
Craniotomy is a common surgery used to expose the brain by removing a part of the bone from the skull. During surgery, bone flaps can be fixed by using variety of materials that can migrate in the long term. A 7-year-old boy presented several years after the craniotomy and subdural peritoneal (SP) shunt surgeries. It was decided to remove the shunt catheter, and during the diagnostic tests, we saw that a loosened titanium screw has migrated along the SP shunt catheter from the skull into the abdominal wall. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the reported electronic literature for a pediatric patient with a subcutaneous migration of a screw along the shunt catheter.
There are some reported cases of subcutaneous migration of needles. For instance, in a case report, a broken dental needle has been reported as a subcutaneous migration from the mandibular gingiva to the neck that caused mild swelling in the neck area. 4 However, subcutaneous migration of a surgical hardware, such as a screw, has not been reported in the literature.
There has been a debate on how to secure the bone flap in the pediatric population. 5 As an alternative to titanium hardware, nonabsorbable sutures or absorbable plates and screws can be used. Complications due to the used materials in craniotomy could be seen in long term. The most common long-term complications of craniotomy are infection, bone resorption, and skin erosions. 6 Our case led us to conclude that titanium hardware can migrate and can be defined as a rare complication of craniotomy. We suggest that alternative bone fixation methods such as absorbable screws or stiches should be considered to prevent hardware migration.

Ethical Approval
The authors followed the Declaration of Helsinki as a statement of ethical principles.    Cranial Screw Migration Baykoca-Arslan, Belirgen 577