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The method of redundant design schemes and the method of contour minimization of group water supply and sewerage systems

Due to the uneven distribution of water resources across the territory of Russia, many settlements and even cities do not have own sources of water supply and reservoirs, where treated wastewater could be discharged. To solve this problem, group and district water supply and sewerage systems are designed, built, and developed, hundreds and even thousands of kilometers long. The construction and operation of such facilities require significant financial investments every year. Therefore, the issues of the choice of routes, the structure of facilities, and particularly the methods of transporting water and wastewater, justifying the locations of water intakes and treat treatment facilities are relevant and require special attention and development of a comprehensive methodology for optimizing the structure and parameters of water supply and sewerage systems. The paper proposes, on the basis of a previously constructed redundant graph, the method of contour minimization of the structure of facilities and ways of supplying water to end users, transporting wastewater to treatment plants by pipelines and trucks. The redundant graph includes all kinds of connections (edges, arcs) that simulate pipelines and trucks, between vertices that simulate existing and new sources of water and wastewater discharges, sewage treatment plants, pumping stations, control tanks, and end users. The method selects the best (from the point of view of minimal life cycle costs) edges, arcs, and vertices of the graph and determines the corresponding parameters of pipeline and road sections of the network and facilities. This method is based on the procedure of traversing the contours and sequentially replacing the branches of the tree with moves, while the best option is remembered in the form of a spanning tree. Based on the results of the performed numerical experiments, it was shown that the use of combined (pipeline and truck) systems for transporting water in terms of life cycle costs is optimal.