{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01580135440180587, 'fraction_numerical': 0.013544018058690745, 'mean_word_length': 5.474452554744525, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Neuroophthalmology and Trauma

The incidence of severe head injuries in the United States is very high. Twenty thousand Americans die each year from head trauma, and the average annual incidence of hospitalizations from head injury is 200 to 300 per 100,000. One can expect that many of these affected patients will have sustained injuries that require ophthalmic consultation. Most ophthalmologists faced with an injured patient naturally tend to focus on such obvious ocular manifestations as lacerations, contusions, and fractures. The more subtle manifestations, many of which are equally important, may be unrecognized or ignored. Among them are a variety of neuroophthalmic disorders that are the focus of this chapter. In the setting of head trauma, patients often have reduced consciousness or coexisting injuries that render neuroophthalmic evaluation particularly challenging.