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Visual hand display (VHD) as an introductory procedure for measuring vision in infants and young children with visual impairment.

We developed the Visual Hand Display (VHD) to measure vision in visually impaired infants and young children. The VHD is a circular fabric mitten, which is held easily by inserting the hand between the two surfaces. Black-and-white stripes are attached to one surface, 25, 15, 10, 4, and 2 mm per stripe. The VHD acuity is determined by the shortest test distance and the smallest stripes that the patient can detect. The VHD acuities were compared with preferential looking (PL) staircase acuities in 130 patients (53 males, 77 females; age range, 2 to 13 years; median, 21.0 months). Of these, 107 (82.3%) had various degrees of retinopathy of prematurity. The correlation between the VHD and the PL acuities was high (R2 = 0.849). PL acuities were better than the VHD acuities in 98/130 patients (75.4%), with an average difference of 0.51 (SD = 0.70) octave. The visual acuity differences were more pronounced in subjects with slight visual impairment and much less in subjects with severe visual impairment. The VHD seems to be an effective introductory method to evaluate visual acuity in severely visually impaired infants and young children. This method also would be effective with severely mentally and physically disabled patients who cannot undergo PL testing.