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Situation-oriented System of Technology Transfer Methods in the Agricultural Sector of the Economy

In the article, the authors schematically depict the process of functioning of a situation-oriented system of technology transfer methods in the agricultural sector of the economy. Indicators of domestic expenditures on research and development in Russia, as well as exports of high-tech goods from Russia, China, Japan, the United States, Germany and France are presented. As a set of methods of technology transfer proposed by us to create a situation-oriented system, we consider: the method of forming an intensive market interaction of economic entities based on information and telecommunications technologies, the method of introducing innovations based on the accumulation of additive technologies, the method of transforming information products and services into an autonomous component of the domestic agricultural economy. The scientific foundations of the development of situational modelling in relation to the formation of technology transfer are revealed. It is concluded that it is necessary to actively develop the mechanism of technology transfer in modern agriculture based on the consolidation of information resources of state structures, specialized organizations, innovation centers of cities and regions into a single network and its further integration into European networks. Key-words: Agriculture, System of Methods, Technology Transfer, Efficiency, Development Economy, Innovation and Investment Mechanism, Agricultural Economy.


Introduction
The study of the prerequisites for the formation of a functional environment for technology transfer and the improvement of the regulatory regime, carried out by the adoption of new laws and bylaws or by making changes and additions to existing official documents, will ensure the creation of favourable social economic conditions for its existence. It is necessary to supplement the existing and Building organizational links between formal and informal technology transfer institutions based on data structuring will allow monitoring the state of technology transfer and controlling the process of promoting high-tech products, as well as analyzing the consistent impact of external and internal factors on the adaptability of technology transfer in the agricultural economy in conjunction with the developed methods of technology transfer based on the regulation of the activities of its institutions and organizational -economic methods of activating the process of technology transfer in agriculture.

Methods
The conceptual basis of the research is the theory of innovative and technological development of the modern market economy, as well as a new innovation paradigm, consisting of a cascade structure of trajectories of technological development, creation and development of innovative products and the diffusion of innovations to the market, proposed by the Japanese scientist M. Hirooka[1], as well as the methodology for analyzing and predicting the development of technological innovationsthe technology maturity cycle (Gartner Hype Cycles), created by the American analytical and consulting company Gartner, which is quite acceptable for use in the domestic economy [2].

Results
The scheme of the process of functioning of the situation-oriented system of technology transfer methods in the agricultural sector of the economy is shown in Figure 1.
As the main means of developing a situation-oriented system of technology transfer methods in the agricultural sector of the economy, algorithm creating and scheme building of this process are used, which allow us to consider the order of interaction between institutions and subjects of technology transfer, as well as the use of administrative, legal, managerial, and economic tools of influence mediated by the use of the developed methods: the method of forming intensive market interaction of economic entities based on information and telecommunications technologies, the method of introducing innovations based on the accumulation of additive technologies, artificial intelligence, mediating the optimization of production and management processes, the method of transforming information products and services into an autonomous component of the domestic economy, contributing to the consistent solution of important tasks for the formation of an effective innovation and investment mechanism. The initial information mediating the functioning of the state of the technology transfer system in the Russian economy, which depends on the share of internal current research costs, is formed under the influence of the factors considered earlier: organizational-administrative, financialeconomic, technological-environmental, innovative, and social [5].
Analyzing the data shown in Figure 2, we can conclude that the structure of internal costs for research and development in the Russian Federation as a whole is relatively stable.  Figure 3, we note the priority place of China in the export of high-tech products, the country accounts for up to 54% of exported goods in 2019. The share of the Russian Federation is consistently low and is 1%, among the countries selected as competitors. The indicators of Germany, France, and Japan are static and make up 16%, 9%, and 8%, respectively. Slight decline by 2019 (about 2%) was recorded for the export of high-tech goods by the United States of America, but the indicator remains high -4th place in the ranking after China, Hong Kong and Germany.
The process of functioning of a situation-oriented system of technology transfer methods in the agricultural sector of the economy, using dynamic characteristics, improving the institutional environment, taking into account the identified external and internal, economic, institutional and social factors, will allow state authorities to use in practice tools to influence the transfer mechanism.
The developed methods of technology transfer, which altogether are situation-oriented, provide for improving the quality of existing formal and informal institutions, involving new institutions in the ongoing process of digitalization of the agricultural economy in order to activate the process of creating and implementing high-tech products and increase the efficiency of using the digital space.
In the process of developing a situation

Discussion
Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856Taylor ( -1915 wrote that "the scientific organization of government does not presuppose, as its necessary prerequisite, any major invention or discovery of new and startling facts. It presupposes a certain new combination of elements that did not exist before, namely, such a collection, analysis, grouping, classification of previously known data into new laws and rules, that these former disparate knowledge is organized into a new coherent science" [6].
Mary Parker Follet in the early 1920s  is considered one of the founders of the situational approach to management. In her work, she constantly focused on taking into account the "requirements of the situation" in the management. In her opinion, each situation has its own internal logic that determines the order that participants should follow. She argued that the effectiveness of managing a situation depends on the availability of the necessary information, which is formed under the influence of the actual conditions of the existence of the management process [7].
One of the first Russian researchers of situational modelling was Yu. I. Klykov, who in 1974 identified the concept of "situation" with the concept of "state". In contrast to simulation modeling, The development of methods of situational modeling was proposed by D. A. Pospelov, interpreting the concept of " situation "as follows: "We will further call a discrete set (situation) a set of operational elements located at certain points of the system." Later, the author defined the current situation as the totality of all information about the structure of the object and its functioning at a given time [9].
The undeveloped institutional environment of technology transfer and, as a result, the unfavorable functional state is the result of the low-efficiency work of existing institutions and their functional interaction. The determination of the causes of this situation is due to an objective assessment of the factors that have a direct impact on this process. The innovation and investment mechanism should be considered as a dynamic system defined in the generally accepted form "source information-functional state-output information". Since the state of the technology transfer system is in dynamics, it is necessary to study the set of current characteristics, represented by the following elements: information and analytical properties; diagnostics of the problem; input effects (controlling and disturbing), set for the current and future time points [10]. We can say that the dynamic state of the technology transfer system mediates the evolutionary development of the situation.

Conclusions
In conclusion of the study, it is necessary to draw the following conclusions: The process of functioning of the situation

Acknowledgments
The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-010-00324