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Control of the modular multilevel converter as a photovoltaic interface under unbalanced irradiance conditions with MPPT of each PV array

The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has many features that make it suitable for photovoltaic systems. It has good output performance, flexibility in control and its modular and scalable design allow it to directly connect to high voltage networks. The converter's isolated DC links also allow for the connection of many individual PV arrays. This paper presents an MMC control scheme which, by controlling individual sub-module voltages, allows for maximum power point tracking of each photovoltaic array. The presented control scheme also allows for operation under largely varying converter arm irradiances, while maintaining balanced sinusoidal output currents to the grid, without the requirement of an overall DC link in the converter. Simulation results are presented to confirm that the control system operates as expected under these unbalanced conditions.