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Transcending Market Logic: Envisioning a Global Gift Economy

that babies are highly social beings right from the beginning, and not passive egotists as Freud and Piaget imagined. These studies can also be taken as the basis for a new psychology of mothering because rather than being seen as slavishly serving a solipsistic being, mothers can be seen as caring for a being endowed with what Trevarthen has called great “innate intersubjective sympathy.” This caregiving takes place before and beyond the market economy. It takes place in what we might call a “maternal economy,” where gifts and services are distributed directly in response to needs, according to a transitive, otheroriented logic that has as its goal the enhancement of the life of the child. It makes sense to call this arrangement an economy because giving and receiving form a mode of distribution of goods to needs that is actually more functional than the mode of exchange. Although this maternal economy is often implemented with love, it can also be practiced without love — by disengaged mothers, by institutions, or by paid caregivers. In some way, though, it must function in order for the child to survive and thrive. In the process, it lays down a pattern of giving and receiving that serves the child in all her further communicative interactions. Thus for years children live and learn in an economy that is not based on the market. Transcending Market Logic Envisioning a Global Gift Economy