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Microstructure and magnetic properties of two-phase exchange-coupled SmCo5/Sm2(Co, M)17 (M = Fe, Zr, Cu) nanocomposites

The microstructure and magnetic properties of nanocomposite SmCo5/Sm2Co17, Sm2(CoFe)17, Sm2(CoFeZr)17, Sm2(CoFeCuZr)17 powders prepared by intensive milling and subsequent annealing have been studied systematically. A small amount of Fe substitution for Co was found to slightly increase the saturation magnetization and maximum energy product of SmCo5/Sm2Co17 powders. The coercivity is enhanced by Zr and especially Cu. The highest maximum energy product of 11.5 MGOe and coercivity of 2.4 T were obtained in 40% SmCo5 + 60% Sm2(Co0.9Fe0.1)17 and 40% SmCo5 + 60% Sm2(Co0.74Fe0.1Cu0.12Zr0.04)17 powders, respectively. All the hysteresis loops showed a smooth demagnetization curve. A few percent of Zr substitution proved to be effective in refining the microstructure and Cu increased the volume fraction of SmCo5 phase in the mixture of two phase powders. Measurements of δM and recoil curves indicated that intergranular exchange coupling and exchange spring magnet behaviour were observed in the above samples.