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Possible utilization of weeds for the management of plant parasitic nematodes infesting some vegetable crops

Leaf extracts of noxious weeds such as Solanum xanthocarpum and Argemone maxicana were used as bare-root dip treatment for the management of three important plant-parasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Tylenchorhynchus brassicae infesting tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum ) and chilli (Capsicum annuum) plants. Significant reduction was observed in the root-knot development caused by M. incognita, multiplication of nematode populations of R. reniformis and T. brassicae on both the test plants. Larval penetration of second stage juveniles of M. incognita was also inhibited at various concentrations of leaf extracts and dip durations. Leaf extract of S. xanthocarpum caused relatively more inhibition in root-knot development in case of root-knot nematode, nematode multiplication of reniform and stunt nematodes than that of A. maxicana. Because of dip treatment in leaf extracts of Argemone maxicana and Solanum xanthocarpum, the plants show better growth and at the same time the populations of nematodes such as M. incognita, R. reniformis and T. brassicae significantly decreased, which naturally improved plant growth. The efficacy of root-dip treatment with respect to improvement in plant weight and reduction in root-knot development and nematode populations, increased with increasing the concentration of leaf extracts and dip durations.