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Morphology in Austronesian Languages

This chapter presents on overview of the major morphological properties of Austronesian languages. We present and analyze data that may bear on commonly discussed category neutrality of Austronesian and suggest that Austronesian languages do differentiate between core lexical categories. The chapter addresses the difference between roots and stems showing that Austronesian roots are more abstract than roots traditionally discussed in morphology. Austronesian derivation and inflexion rely on suffixation and prefixation; infixation is also attested. Austronesian languages make extensive use of reduplication. In the verbal system, main morphological exponents mark voice distinctions as well as causatives and applicatives. In the nominal domain, the main morphological exponents include case markers, classifiers, and possession markers. Overall verb morphology is richer in Austronesian than nominal morphology. The chapter also presents a short overview of empirically and theoretically challenging issues in Austronesian morphology: the status of infixes and circumfixes, the difference between affixes and clitics, and the morphosyntactic characterization of voice morphology.