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Extraction of organic acids using a supported liquid membrane.

Citric acid was extracted from aqueous solutions using a supported liquid membrane. Alamine 336 diluted in heptane or xylene was used as carrier and various concentrations of sodium carbonate in aqueous solution were used as the stripping agent. It was found that systems with heptane as diluent were unstable, whereas those with xylene gave acceptable performance. Increasing concentrations of carbonate and citric acid gave rise to higher extraction fluxes, in agreement with qualitative predictions. Doubling the membrane thickness halved the flux, confirming that in this case the rate limiting process is transmembrane diffusion. At a given carbonate concentration, the extraction rate first increased then decreased with increasing carrier concentration. This can be explained by an increase in membrane phase viscosity and the resulting reduction in the diffusion coefficient of the complex.