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Assessing retinal vein occlusion based on color fundus photographs using neural understanding network (NUN).

OBJECTIVE
To develop and validate a novel deep learning architecture to classify retinal vein occlusion on color fundus photographs (CFP) and reveal the image features contributing to the classification.


METHODS
The neural understanding network (NUN) is formed by two components: (a) convolutional neural network (CNN) based feature extraction and (b) graph neural networks (GNN) based feature understanding. The CNN-based image features were transformed into a graph representation to encode and visualize long-range feature interactions to identify the image regions that significantly contributed to the classification decision. A total of 7,062 CFPs were classified into three categories: (1) no vein occlusion ("normal"), (2) central retinal vein occlusion, and (3) branch retinal vein occlusion. The area under the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used as the metric to assess the performance of the trained classification models.


RESULTS
The AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for NUN to classify CFPs as normal, central occlusion, or branch occlusion were 0.975 (±0.003), 0.911 (±0.007), 0.983 (±0.010), and 0.803 (±0.005), respectively, which outperformed available classical CNN models.


CONCLUSION
The NUN architecture can provide a better classification performance and a straightforward visualization of the results compared to CNNs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.