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Structural investigations of solvated ions in two-component solvent mixtures

The history of studies of ionic solvation is briefly introduced, and then, the structures of water and nonaqueous solvents are briefly described. The structure of some two-component solvent mixtures are also reviewed. Thestructure of hydrated ions, as well as solvated ions in nonaqueous solutions, is summarized, and finally, discussion is focused on the structure of solvated ions with two different kinds of solvent molecules in two-component solvent mixtures. In order to describe the degree of preferential solvation of ions in mixed solvents, a new term, preferential solvation quotient, K P S Q = {[A] S S /[B] S S }/{[A] B /[B] B }, is defined, where A and B denote the solvents in a mixture, and the subscripts S S and B represent the solvation sphere and the bulk. The causes of preferential solvation of ions are discussed from various points of view such as the donor-acceptor properties of solvents, the bulkiness of the solvent molecules, solvent structures of binary mixtures, and the electronic structure of ions.