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MicroRNA‐26b inhibits oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation by targeting adrenomedullin in spinal cord injury

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) serve as a reservoir of newborn oligodendrocytes (OLs) in pathological and homeostatic conditions. After spinal cord injury (SCI), OPCs are activated to generate myelinating OLs, contributing to remyelination and functional recovery; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, microRNA‐26b (miR‐26b) expression in the spinal cord tissues of SCI rats was examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The influences of miR‐26b on locomotor recovery following SCI were assessed utilizing Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores. The effects of miR‐26b on OPC differentiation were explored using immunofluorescence and western blot analyses in vitro and in vivo. The potential targets that are modulated by miR‐26b were identified by bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assays, and western blot analyses. The effects of adrenomedullin (ADM) on OPC differentiation were explored in vitro using immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. We demonstrated that miR‐26b was significantly downregulated after SCI. BBB scores showed that miR‐26b exacerbated the locomotor function deficits induced by SCI. In vitro, miR‐26b inhibited the differentiation of primary rat OPCs. In vivo, miR‐26b suppressed OPC differentiation in SCI rats. Bioinformatics analyses and experimental detection revealed that miR‐26b directly targeted ADM in OPCs. In addition, knockdown of ADM suppressed the differentiation of primary rat OPCs. Our study provides evidence that ADM may mediate miR‐26b‐inhibited OPC differentiation in SCI.