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Characterization of Residue and Bio-Oil Produced by Liquefaction of Loblolly Pine at Different Reaction Times

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of liquefaction time on the properties of residue and bio-oil produced by liquefaction of loblolly pine using ethylene glycol at 150°C. Liquefaction was carried out in a glass reactor for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. The lowest residue content of 42 percent was obtained from 90 minutes of liquefaction. Fourier transform infrared analysis of residue and bio-oil revealed that as liquefaction time was prolonged, more hemicellulose underwent degradation, resulting in the formation of compounds containing carbonyl groups. An inverse correlation between the intensity of peaks at 1,734 cm−1 (carbonyl groups) and 3,293 cm−1 (OH stretching) in the infrared spectra of bio-oil was observed. X-ray diffraction analysis of residue supported the degradation of hemicellulose in the early stage of liquefaction as well as cellulose degradation as the liquefaction was prolonged. Finally, the hydroxyl number of bio-oil was determined by the phthalic anhydrid...