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Current status of infant stimulation or enrichment programs for children with developmental disabilities.

Infant stimulation programs are organized programs of enrichment designed to provide developmentally appropriate activities to babies and toddlers who have or who are at risk for a variety of conditions that may interfere with their ability ultimately to have a full and productive life. Among these conditions are the sequelae of poverty, nutritional, sensory, and emotional deprivation, family instability, and developmental disability, any of which may interfere significantly with social and interpersonal relationships as well as cognitive, language, and motor performance.1-3 There are now a number of well-documented follow-up studies to show that early preschool stimulation programs for the baby from a low socioeconomic environment have both short-term and long-term benefits, providing that support systems are maintained during the school years.4,5 Further, there are studies which demonstrate short-term cognitive and long-term social improvement in babies genetically handicapped with Down syndrome,4 although contrary results have been reported recently.6
 The Committee on Children with Handicaps of the American Academy of Pediatrics has requested this review of the historical background of infant stimulation programs and has sought to confirm that they accomplish their purpose of improving the overall outlook for children with developmental disabilities and those considered at high risk for them.
 DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
 The 1979 Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act defines the term "developmental disability" as any severe, chronic disability of a person attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination thereof, that is manifested before the age of 22 years, is likely to continue indefinitely, and will result in substantial limitation of function in three or more of the following areas: (1) self-care, (2) receptive and expressive language, (3) learning, (4) mobility, (5) self-direction, (6) capacity for independent living, (7) economic self-sufficiency, and (8) need for combinations and sequences of special, interdisciplinary or generic care, treatment, or other services which are of lifelong or extended duration and are individually planned or coordinated.