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Early Numerical Competencies and Students with Mathematics Difficulty.

Children start elementary school with variable mathematics skills. Some children understand the fundamentals of numbers and mathematics, while others struggle with basic counting, number recognition, understanding of symbols, quantity discrimination, and concepts of addition and subtraction. Often, this set of early numerical competencies is referred to as number sense or early numeracy competencies. Students need to establish and understand these competencies before moving on to more complex mathematical tasks. This article describes important early numerical competencies and provides a description of how these competencies can be taught to students who struggle with mathematics.