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Pastoralism, Egalitarianism, and the State

The specificity of nomadic or pastoralist social formations has recently been the subject of lively and continuing debate, a debate which has both theoretical and practical implications. It also has a wider significance in that it involves the issue of whether or not there are any ’pre-class’, ’classless’, or ’egalitarian’ societies in the record, from which class-based social formations arise, either through ’internal’ processes of differentiation or through their incorporation by precapitalist, capitalist, or socialist states (e.g., Asad 1970; Bonte 1978a; Bradburd 1981; Lefebure 1979; Rigby 1985, 1986a, 1986b; Rey 1979). ’Feminist’ orientations upon the role of women in pastoral (and other precapitalist) social formations also add a critical dimension to this controversy, frequently involving commentaries upon Engels’ classic study, The Origin of the Family, Pri-