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A Novel Camphor-Based “Turn-on” Fluorescent Probe with High Specificity and Sensitivity for Sensing Mercury(II) in Aqueous Medium and Its Bioimaging Application

Precise detection of Hg²⁺ in an ecological environment and biological system is of great importance. Hence, in this paper, we have constructed a simple fluorescent turn-on probe CP-Hg toward Hg²⁺ based on natural and renewable camphor. A significantly enhanced green fluorescence was clearly observed only with the participation of Hg²⁺ due to the Hg²⁺-mediated deprotection reaction of thioacetal. The probe CP-Hg could also sensitively detect Hg²⁺ with a detection limit of 19.3 nM and a large Stokes shift of 153 nm in a near-perfect aqueous solution. The reaction mechanism was fully analyzed through ¹H NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance), ESI-MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and DFT (density functional theory) calculations. Moreover, the CP-Hg-coated test strips were successfully fabricated for naked-eye detection of Hg²⁺. Furthermore, the cell imaging experiment manifested that the probe CP-Hg is suitable for labeling intracellular Hg²⁺.