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Adjoint data assimilation in coupled atmosphere‐ocean models: Determining model parameters in a simple equatorial model

Simple equatorial coupled atmosphere‐ocean models have been used to simulate the El Niño phenomenon. the possibility of determining the empirical parameters in these coupled models is explored by the adjoint data‐assimilation method. Identical twin experiments are conducted to retrieve six parameters (coupling and damping parameters) in a simple coupled model with the atmosphere and the ocean each represented by a single‐layer linear shallow‐water model with perfect initial conditions specified. Wind and sea level height (SLH) data, generated from a 40‐day unstable local‐growth simulation of a warm event, are assimilated to test the effects of data sparsity and noise on parameter retrieval.