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Direct Synthesis of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Tri‐doped Carbon Nanorods as Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Electrocatalysts

The growing energy and environmental crisis calls for renewable systems for energy production and conversion. Herein, polyaniline‐derived porous carbon nanorods tri‐doped with N, P, and S (NPSC) are directly fabricated by the one‐pot polymerization of aniline and diphenylamine‐4‐sulfonic acid induced by organophosphonic acid and subsequent pyrolysis at 900 °C. The nanorods exhibit high‐efficiency electrochemical oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution activity in alkaline electrolyte, along with strong durability and methanol tolerance. The synergistic effect among the tri‐doped elements and the related porosity can account for the superior electrocatalytic capacity of the fabricated catalysts. Particularly, a Zn–air battery assembled with the fabricated NPSC as the cathode shows a peak power density of 122 mW cm−2 and superior stability, presenting a promising potential for sustainable energy devices, particularly regenerative metal–air batteries and fuel cells.