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Reconstruction of the Rheumatoid Thumb

Abstract Thumb deformities are common manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and represent a significant source of disability. A clear understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is essential in directing treatment. Differential diagnosis for flexible deformities includes soft‐tissue imbalances as well as tendon ruptures. In its early stages, thumb involvement can be treated nonsurgically or with soft‐tissue reconstruction. With more advanced disease, arthrodesis and arthroplasty often are required. Isolated interphalangeal involvement is best addressed with arthrodesis. Metacarpophalangeal involvement can be treated with arthroplasty in low‐demand patients or with arthrodesis in more active patients. Trapezium resection arthroplasty provides excellent relief for patients with carpometacarpal joint destruction.