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Stigma as a Barrier to the Elimination of New Infant Infections: Model Projections from an Urban PMTCT Program in South Africa

• Stigma and resulting discrimination, whether experienced or anticipated, have been documented as powerful barriers to uptake and retention in programs providing pregnant women living with HIV with services to prevent child infection and maternal deaths. • However, the size of the potential impact of stigma and discrimination on numbers of new child infections and therefore on investments in programs to prevent these infections is unclear. • The aim of this study was to quantify the extent to which mother-to-child transmissions (MTCT) can be attributed to stigma in an urban setting of South Africa.