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Risk Factors for Treatment-Related Death Associated with Chemotherapy and Thoracic Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer

Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the current status of treatment-related death (TRD) in lung cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the incidence and risk factors of TRD in lung cancer patients who received chemotherapy and/or thoracic radiotherapy using logistic regression analyses. Results: Between January 2001 and December 2005, 1225 (222 small cell and 1003 non-small cell lung cancers) patients received chemotherapy and/or thoracic radiotherapy as the initial treatment. Of these, 43 patients receiving chemotherapy followed by thoracic radiotherapy were included into both the chemotherapy-alone and radiotherapy-alone groups. There were a total of 23 (1.9%) TRDs. Chemotherapy-related deaths occurred in 7 of 927 (0.8%) patients, including 4 from drug-induced lung injury, 2 from pneumonia, and 1 from unknown cause. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy-related deaths occurred in 12 of 245 (4.9%) patients, including 11 from radiation pneumonitis and 1 from pneumonia. Thoracic radiotherapy-related deaths occurred in 4 of 96 (4.2%) patients. The incidence of chemotherapy-related death was correlated with poor performance status (odds ratio [OR]: 11.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.53–37.1), the presence of hypoxia (OR: 19.3, CI: 6.06–61.7), hyponatremia (OR: 45.5, CI: 13.4–154), and treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (OR: 8.56, CI: 2.48–29.5), whereas the incidence of concurrent chemoradiotherapy-related death was correlated with pulmonary fibrosis (OR: 22.2, CI: 5.61–87.8). Radiotherapy results were not analyzed because there were too few patients. Conclusions: TRD occurred in 1.9% of the patients as a result of treatment-related lung injury in the majority of the cases.