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Lower Extremity Chronic Venous Disease

&NA; Purpose: Chronic, systemic venous disease negatively impacts a person physically, emotionally, and financially. Reducing cost of venous disease management and improving quality of care are necessary. This paper provides clinicians with an understanding of lower extremity peripheral vein structure/function, clinical disease manifestations, and ramifications. Summary of Key Points: Lower extremity peripheral veins include the superficial, perforating, and deep systems. Veins typically have 3 layers: tunica intima, media, and adventitia. Systemic vein functions include: conducting deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart, interstitial/extrastitial barrier, circulatory pressures maintenance, bioactive substances production (ie, nitric oxide), blood storage, thrombosis inhibition, and other special local functions. Vein pathology presented includes: valve failure, skeletal and smooth muscle pump failure, vein incompetence, and insufficiency. Various venous tests and measures are discussed. Appropriate interventions are presented for varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, and venous wounds. Conclusion: Chronic venous disease of the lower extremity is a common and costly entity. In order for appropriate, effective care to be provided, clinicians need a complete understanding of lower extremity vein anatomy, pathology, as well as issues related to examination/evaluation and interventions.