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DESIGN EXPLORATION ON VARIETY USE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL FOR TEMPORARY EVACUATION SHELTER

Indonesia has the second-longest coastline in the world and known as a country that is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, which has frequent earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. Tsunamis often occur in Indonesia and cause quite a lot of casualties such as the events in Aceh in 2004 (220,000 killed) and the latest, namely the Banten tsunami in 2018 (killed 446). The population that inhabits along the coast in Indonesia, a total of 3.8 million people, is considered a population that lives with a high threat from tsunamis. In order to minimize the number of victims and losses, innovations for rescue strategy are needed – one of which is the design of Temporary Evacuation Shelter (TES). TES is a safe house and a vertical protection from tsunami hazards. Generally in Indonesia, TES is built made of reinforced concrete structures. Although it has high compressive strength but has weaknesses that it tends to be heavier and larger in dimensions and also brittle, it has a high risk of damage due to earthquake shocks that usually proceed with the tsunami. This research paper is intended to utilize steel material as a TES structure. The advantage of using structural steel is that it has a good tensile capacity, high compressive strength, with relatively slimmer and lighter dimensions compared to concrete, and, lastly, it has high ductility measure. This becomes the advantage of steel as a TES structure because it can withstand large deformations without collapse caused by an earthquake. It is expected that the performance of the structural steel TES will be preferable than the reinforced concrete TES structure. This research explores the idea of designing a variety of multi-function TES built made of steel structures, in addition to having excellence and resilience as a safe house for tsunami evacuation. The design shall have the flexibility to respond to various contextual site conditions and shall suffice the function of tourism, markets, sports, worship, and education facilities when there are no disaster threats. Designs of TES aim for an integrated solution as a means of saving residents' lives as well as improving the quality of life for coastal communities in Indonesia.