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The effects of RANTES/CCR5 promoter polymorphisms on HIV disease progression in HIV‐infected Koreans

Recent studies have reported that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RANTES gene promoter region, –403G/A and –28C/G, are associated with a slower rate of decline in CD4+ T‐cell number, whereas genetic polymorphisms within the CCR5 promoter are linked to acceleration of AIDS progression. In this study, we investigated the distribution of SNPs in the RANTES and CCR5 promoters and the association between these SNPs and HIV‐1 disease progression in HIV‐infected Koreans. Twenty‐seven long‐term non‐progressors (LTNPs), 29 AIDS patients and 39 HIV‐uninfected persons were enrolled in this study. SNPs for the RANTES and CCR5 promoters were determined by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and a direct sequencing method. In the analysis of RANTES promoter polymorphisms, the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the RANTES –28G mutation were significantly lower in HIV‐infected patients than in HIV‐uninfected persons (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively). The genotypic frequencies of RANTES –28G and –403A mutations did not differ significantly between LTNPs and AIDS patients. The frequencies of three CCR5 promoter polymorphisms, designated 59029 G/A, 59353T/C, and 59402G/A, did not differ significantly between HIV‐uninfected and HIV‐infected patients. However, the allelic frequency of CCR559353C was significantly higher in AIDS patients than in LTNPs (P = 0.003). These results suggest that RANTES‐28G and CCR5 59353C mutations might be associated with HIV infection or pathogenesis in the Korean population.