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Emission at cyclotron harmonics due to coalescence of z-mode waves

It is proposed that solar spike radiobursts showing harmonic structure are due to emission resulting from the coalescence of z-mode waves. The emission mechanism is emission at the second harmonic of the cyclotron frequency due to coalescence of two z-mode waves, and emission at higher harmonics with emission at the (n+1)th harmonic due to coalescence of nth harmonic emission with a z-mode wave. It is argued that the z-mode may be the dominant mode of electron cyclotron maser emission due to a loss-cone distribution, with the waves energy being concentrated near perpendicular propogation and just above the cyclotron frequency.