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Remote Sensing of Land Surface Phenology

Phenology is the study of periodic life-cycle events (for example, flowering, insect emergence, nesting, migration) and how these stages are affected by climate and environment. Phenology describes how organisms are specifically adapted to the environmental cycles that surround them and it applies to nearly all aspects of life on Earth including the abundance, distribution, and diversity of organisms, ecosystem services, food webs, and the global cycles of water and carbon. Phenological events are sensitive to climate variation; therefore, phenology data provide important baseline information documenting trends in ecology and detecting the impacts of climate change on ecosystems at multiple scales. Remote sensing of land-surface phenology can characterize vegetation changes during the growing season and documents specific events such as start and end of season and growing season duration (table 1). These indicators can reveal broad-scale phenological trends that are difficult to detect over large areas using traditional ground-based methods (fig. 1). Remote Sensing Phenology indicators developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) RSP program are used