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A case of catamenial pneumothorax caused by thoracic endometriosis

Introduction It was Schwarz and Counsellor [1] who described the first case of pulmonary endometriosis in 1938. Thirty-four years later Maurer et al. [2] mentioned recurrent pneumothorax associated with the menstrual cycle. In that same year, Lillington et al. [3] introduced the term ‘catamenial pneumothorax’, coined from the Greek root meaning monthly. Until now approximately 130 cases of thoracic endometriosis have been described in the English language literature. Seventy-three per cent of these cases actually presented as catamenial pneumothorax.