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“A Treadmill Life”: Class and African American Women's Paid Domestic Service in the Postbellum South, 1863–1920

This paper suggests that, by the end of Reconstruction, most African American domestic workers were involved in a feudal relationship within white households. This relationship centered on the continued exploitation of their labor by whites and served to reinforce nonclass conditions prevalent in the South, including their continued bondage, economic dependency, and socially designated inferiority in relation to whites. Their freedom from slavery resulted in their nonfreedom to become serfs.