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Canine Pain Syndrome Is a Model for the Study of Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of unknown cause that affects infants and young children [I]. It is characterized by intense inflammation of predominantly medium-sized muscular arteries [2]. The principal complication of the vasculitis is coronary artery damage, which can be detected in approximately 20 percent of patients [3]. Intravenous administration of large doses of gamma globulin reduces the signs of systemic inflammation and the prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities, although its mechanism of action is unknown [4]. Study of the pathogenesis of this disease and of its therapy has been hampered by (1) difficulty in obtaining affected arteries for study during the acute phase, (2) failure to elucidate the causative agent of KD, and (3) the absence of a suitable animal model. A recently described spontaneous vasculitis of young dogs, designated canine pain syndrome (CPS) [5, 6], shares many clinical, immunological, and pathological features with KD. We present here a comparison of the two syndromes and suggest ways in which CPS may be an appropriate model for the etiology, immunopathology, and effect of therapy in KD.