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A case with Crohn's disease-associated spondyloarthritis exhibiting enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to Toll-like receptor ligands.

BACKGROUND
Despite the high incidence of spondyloarthritis (SpA) as an extra-intestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease (CD), the immunopathogenesis of CD-associated SpA remains largely unknown.


OBJECTIVE
We tried to explore molecular mechanisms accounting for the development of CD-associated SpA in a patient successfully treated with infliximab.


METHODS
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before infliximab treatment were stimulated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to measure pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. Endoscopic biopsy samples before and after infliximab treatment were subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction.


RESULTS
PBMCs from this CD-associated SpA patient exhibited higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon stimulation with TLR ligands than PBMCs from healthy controls. Induction of remission by infliximab was associated with the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in the small intestinal mucosa, which is continually exposed to TLR ligands.


CONCLUSIONS
Excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to TLR ligands might underlie the immunopathogenesis of CD-associated SpA.