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Multimodality imaging to diagnose pulmonary vein stenosis following atrial fibrillation ablation.

BACKGROUND
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing in prevalence. Although experienced centers performing radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation procedures have reported success rates approaching 72%, in rare instances it is complicated by stenosis of one or more pulmonary veins. In this report we present a case of recurrent pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) following radiofrequency ablation for AF.