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Insulin resistance in patients with a recent diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Objective To elucidate whether insulin resistance is present in coronary artery disease (CAD) at diagnosis and to study its relationship with other known cardiovascular risk factors. Methods We evaluated the incidence of insulin resistance in 40 newly diagnosed CAD patients. Fifteen healthy subjects were used as a control group. The patients and controls had no previous history of metabolic disorders, and were not being administered any medication that might have affected their insulin sensitivity. Immediately after diagnosis of CAD, a standard 75 g oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) and an insulin suppression test (IST) were performed on separate days. The IST consisted of a constant infusion of glucose, insulin and somatostatin for 150min; insulin resistance was estimated by determining the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentrations during the last 60min of the test. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated by the formula ISI=(glucose infusion rate/SSPG] x 103. Results Insulin resistance, defined by an ISI below the normal range derived from the control group, was present in 82.5% of the CAD patients. As a group, the patients with CAD displayed lower ISI (means ± SD: 29.23 ± 11.23 versus 50.33 + 9.37 dl/kg per min, P<0.001) and higher SSPG (225 ± 57 versus 123 ± 24mg/dl, P<0.001) than did controls. Serum triglycerides and uric acid were higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in patients than they were in controls. No differences were observed in fasting plasma insulin, glucose, total and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. An abnormal OGTT result was observed in 27 patients. The ISI was low in 88.8% of the patients with an abnormal OGTT result and in 69% of the 13 patients with a normal OGTT result. Conclusions Insulin resistance and even impaired glucose tolerance are common findings in CAD at diagnosis. The changes in the lipid profile and in uric acid levels paralleled the changes in insulin sensitivity. These results suggest that insulin resistance might play a role in the development of coronary atherosclerosis and that its early diagnosis might be important in the prophylaxis of CAD.