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The Pogroms of the Civil War and the Soviet-Jewish Alliance

Chapter 1 dissects the genocidal impulses that emerged during the Russian Civil War, in reaction to the Bolshevik Revolution, through a series of case studies in the ethnography of violence. The close-up examination of anti-Jewish violence in one place helps underscore the rationale for the Jewish alliance with Soviet power. This chapter sheds light on the long-term effects of these pogroms—in particular on the legacy of sexual violence against Jewish women and girls, a common feature of this violence. These pogroms triggered the redistribution of the Jewish population away from the former Pale of Settlement. But aside from a geographic resettlement, the pogroms also prompted an emotional resettlement: many responded to the trauma of destruction and rape, searching for anonymity, assimilation, and Sovietization through a symbiotic relationship with the state. A foundational experience for Soviet Jews, the pogroms hastened their process of urbanization, encouraging ideological and cultural choices and erasures.