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CRETACEOUS CLIMATE-OCEAN DYNAMICS : FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR IODP A WORKSHOP SPONSORED

In recent years, a surge in the amount and quality of paleoclimatic data has renewed interest in Cretaceous climate and ocean dynamics. New data have provided a more precise picture of paleotemperatures and climate variations, and research on Cretaceous climate has entered an exciting, multidisciplinary phase in which geological, geochemical, geophysical and paleontological data can be integrated between marine and terrestrial realms and into modeling studies, with the goal of better constraining the controls on climate change during intervals of overall warmth. In July, 2002, the JOI-USSSP/NSF-sponsored Workshop on Cretaceous Climate and Ocean Dynamics held in Florissant, Colorado, brought together a multinational group of more than 90 scientists (including 16 graduate students) with diverse research interests and expertise. The conference objective was to summarize the current state-of-the-art in our understanding of Cretaceous paleoclimate and to discuss future research priorities. Ocean drilling has been crucial in our advances to date and is a critical priority for the future of research in this field. Ultimately, our interest in Cretaceous climate stems from the current concern over modern global warming. Some of the most important earth science questions of our time relate to understanding how human activities may be modifying current and future climates. Will Earth enter another warm climate state due to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations? If so, what kinds of biota are likely to adapt/evolve and which face extinction? Will Earth enter a "permanent" El Niño or will the system exhibit variability that allows for periods of increased/decreased marine productivity? These are just a few of the questions for which Cretaceous climate studies may hold the key. For example, many critical questions involve how the biosphere will adapt to global warming. Because sea level was high, there is a rich land-based record for the Cretaceous. This paleontological record serves as an archive of biotic responses to climate change in terms of migration, extinction, adaptation and diversification. Cretaceous research therefore allows us to assess the biotic responses to factors such as warming/cooling, humidity/aridity, and sea level change. Of all the past warm climate periods, the Cretaceous may be the one most richly described with respect to its terrestrial fossil and marine geochemical records. These sediments therefore present special opportunities for multiple proxy studies and new proxy development, as well as well-integrated model-data comparisons, and multidisciplinary studies to understand how terrestrial and marine environments are coupled on a warmer Earth. We now …