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Stimulation of renal and hepatic c-myc and c-Ha-ras expression by unilateral nephrectomy.

Unilateral nephrectomy induces compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney in rats, resulting in a 25% weight increase in 14 days. We have demonstrated that expression of the c-myc and c-Ha-ras protooncogenes is increased more than ten-fold in the contralateral kidney within 4 to 8 hr following unilateral nephrectomy in rats. The increased expression of these genes is analogous to the increased expression of c-myc and c-Ha-ras that occurs early in liver regeneration, preceding the first increase in DNA synthesis by at least 20 hr. In order to define the tissue specificity of the signals for compensatory renal hypertrophy, we also determined the early protooncogene response and the proliferative response in the liver of rats following unilateral nephrectomy. The expression of c-myc and c-Ha-ras was also increased (five- to ten-fold) in the livers of these animals. DNA synthesis was stimulated in the contralateral kidney at 26-30 hr following nephrectomy as measured by 3H thymidine incorporation, indicating a hyperplastic response to unilateral nephrectomy. However, there was no increase in DNA synthesis in the liver despite the dramatic increase in c-myc and c-Ha-ras expression. Our data suggest that the early increase in protooncogene expression in response to unilateral nephrectomy is stimulated by circulating signals that are not tissue-specific. Increased protooncogene expression in both kidney and liver following unilateral nephrectomy is an early response to the regenerative stimulus, but later signals must provide the tissue specificity necessary for regeneration and cellular proliferation.