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Thermogravitational separation and the thermal diffusion factor near critical points in binary liquid mixtures

The thermogravitational separation for each of the binary liquid systems nitrobenzene+n-hexane and isobutyric acid+water as a function of composition was measured at temperatures above and near to their critical conditions. The first system, in which the component densities are very different, presents large separations near the critical composition. In contrast, in the second one, with similar densities of the pure components, no separation is observed. The extension to high Soret numbers of the authors' previously developed thermogravitational theory, which takes into account the effect of the buoyancy-driven convection induced by the density composition dependence allows them to obtain values of thermal diffusion factors of binary liquid mixtures in the vicinity of consolute points from separation measurements.