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Analysis of Cloud Spectral Radiance/Irradiance at the Surface and Top-of-the-Atmosphere from Modeling and Observations

Summary Spectral and broadband fluxes at the surface and TOA radiances and albedos were calculated using measurements collected at the ARM SGP CF site as input into the MODTRAN radiative transfer code. The results were compared to RSS, BSRN downward surface fluxes, and VIRS and CERES satellite data, respectively. Low-level, single-layer, non-precipitating cloud cases were considered. Broadband total downward surface fluxes were reproduced well. In general, simulated TOA radiances under-estimate VIRS observations. The greatest differences occurred at 3.75 µm where radiances are most sensitive to the effective radius of cloud droplets near the cloud top. TOA albedos compared well with CERES data except for one case where there may have been some unnoticed high-level cloud, the presence of which was not included in the modeling. The general location and strength of gaseous absorption lines in the spectrum of RSS surface measurements under cloudy conditions were adequately reproduced. Spectral fluxes at the surface showed significant sensitivity to the magnitude of the surface spectral albedo. Based on this, a method of reconciling modeled and observed spectral fluxes and retrieving surface spectral albedo from