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Measuring molecular exchange for water in a yeast cell suspension through NMR diffusometry

1. Introduction NMR and diffusion has been used to determine molecular exchange for quite some time. It started with the Kärger model [1] using the echo attenuation of an ordinary pulsed-field-gradient spin echo (PGSE) to fit to a model including exchange between two domains with different diffusion coefficient. It continued with the Diffusion EXchange Spectroscopy (DEXSY) [2], which makes a correclation between two PGSEs with a mixing time inbetween through an inverse Laplace-transformation. Here we present a NMR Diffusometry technique that takes the advantages of the previous methods (the precision, like the Kärger model, is obtained through fitting the data to equations, and the directness to fast determine if exchange is present, in the same way as the DEXSY) but it requires significantly less time and mathematical processing. The new method, Filter EXchange SpectroscopY (FEXSY), is a modification of DEXSY by reducing the number of dimensions and instead taking well known simple equations (see Fig 1 and 2). This makes it possible to reduce the number of data points so that an appropriate amount can be obtained in just over 5 minutes. This time reduction makes it ideal to measure samples which change over time, for example living cells, or samples that are available for a limited amount of time, for example humans or animals in a clinical environment. In combination with imaging it should be ideal to use in a MRI-scanner to identify diseases that effect the exchange time of the cells.