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Extraction of EPS from Mould Fungi Isolated from City Houses and its' Antibiosis against Pathogenic Bacteria

An aero-allergenic fungus in the indoor environments has been associated with adverse respiratory symptoms leads to different allergenic diseases viz., allergic asthma, bronchitis, rhinitis, and hay fever in the atopic human beings. Moreover, fungal assessment and exposure has traditionally relied upon questionnaires for health issues especially to children. The present study is an attempt to record the incidence and seasonal periodicity of airborne fungal spores in indoors and outdoors of an industrial city house, Hosur, Tamilnadu by Petri-plate settlement method. In qualitative and quantitative way, fungal spores considerably varied from indoors to outdoors as well as from season to season. Apart from fungal growth on culture plates and spore counts, new immunoassays for extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have enabled quantisation of fungal agents in house dust in a more timely and cost-effective manner, possibly providing a better measure of fungal exposure. The present data investigated outdoor air harbored maximum fungal spores (53%) in comparison to indoor air (47%). Incidence of fungal species was predominated with more number of propagules during mid winter (December) and early rainy (July) periods in comparison to other months. Qualitatively, Aspergillus was found with the highest frequency and had eleven members i.e., A. awamori, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus, A. flavipes, A. nidulans, A. ochraceous, A. japonicus, A. terreus, A. versicolor and A. wentii, but quantitatively, Penicillium was isolated highest in its contribution to total CFUs followed by Aspergillus. Out of the 32 isolated fungal taxa, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. awamori, A. niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata were the predominant aeroallergens, which cause different types of respiratory/lung diseases among atopic human beings. Samples were sieved and fine dust was analyzed for EPS from Aspergillus and Penicillium spp., though they are considered as more allergenic. In seasonal periodicity, winter contributed the maximum spore load followed by rainy. Summer was found with the least in harboring the spore mass in the indoors and outdoors. Alternaria alternata, which is accounted as a human allergen for sporosis inducer and an agent for hay fever and other pathologies, was also intermittently recorded. The extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) collected was further treated against the human pathogen to check its antimicrobial activity, which can be used as a good replacement of antibiotics.