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Migration of Conventional PZT to Thin Film PZT for Underwater Acoustic Sensing Applications

Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZrTiO3) (PZT) has been used for underwater acoustic sensing in different formations and configurations. They are mostly in bulk form and acoustically band-limited. Varying sizes of them are needed for their operation in varying applications and frequency regimes. Therefore, their utilization is limited especially to the recent ocean-going smart, unmanned and programmed vehicles like autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), remotely operated vehicles (ROV), bio-mimicking underwater vehicles (BUV), etc. Thus, research on transforming the conventional bulk form of PZT to the thin-film form is on the rise. This paper attempts to report some of the advances on PZT thin films that are evolving towards the realization of underwater acoustic sensors.