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Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and gastric cancer in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND
The etiology of gastric cancer has not been clearly delineated. There is some evidence of an association of gastric cancer with Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Previous studies report a high rate of H. pylori infection and chronic gastritis among Nigerians.


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 84 tissue specimens with gastric cancer seen in our department over an 18-year period for for the presence of H. pylori infection, chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia in the adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa.


RESULTS
H. pylori infection was detected in 15 (17.9%) of 84 specimens. Moderate to severe gastritis was found in non-cancerous areas in 77 (91.7%) specimens, and was equally frequent in patients with 'intestinal' and 'diffuse' types of cancer. Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were observed in 22 (26.2%) and 35 (41.7%) specimens, respectively, and were more common in 'intestinal' type of gastric cancer.


CONCLUSION
Chronic gastritis was seen in the adjacent non-cancerous mucosa in most specimens with gastric cancer. However, its severity did not correlate with the histological subtype of gastric cancer.