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For God and Ulster, Self-Interest, or Social Networks?

Using survey and interview data, this chapter shows that the well-established idealist, rationalist, and structuralist explanations for participation in contentious political action do not fully explain loyalist parading. The chapter presents data from participants and comparable nonparticipants to assess the strength of the three models. It demonstrates that parade participants’ attitudes toward the Protestant in-group and Catholic out-group are not notably different from those of nonparticipants, that participants do not receive selective material incentives, and that pre-existing social networks do not differentiate participants and nonparticipants. The data do show that participation might be spurred by social sanctioning and that participants are more likely than nonparticipants to have a history of past parading. Overall, none of the three important existing theoretical approaches explain patterns of parade participation.