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Natural and Controlled Demineralization for Study Purposes in Minimally Invasive Dentistry.

Artificially induced demineralization of enamel is frequently used during laboratory tests, particularly in minimally invasive dentistry. The aim of this study was to analyze demineralization techniques of hard tooth tissue applicable in the research of materials in minimally invasive dentistry. The most important factor taken into consideration when designing a method is to make a model as closely similar to the natural environment of the human oral cavity as it is possible. In vitro models allow us to maintain stability and control over the environment and guarantee repeatability of the results. There are main models to produce dental caries outside of the body. The first model is chemical and it uses acids. It is simplified and reflects the actual environment of the oral cavity to a lesser degree. The second model is biological and it is more accurate as it uses microorganisms which build the dental plaque. Among in vitro protocols are also used pH-cycling models. Based on the available literature, it was found that bovine teeth and human teeth with demineralization diagnosed while still inside the oral cavity are the most frequently used kind of specimens in research conducted with use of the chemical model. Not a single case of use of the biological and pH-cycling models were found in the available literature related to the research of infiltrants in minimally invasive dentistry.