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Multilingualism, citizenship, and identity: voices of youth and symbolic investments in an urban, globalised world

They could have added and do elsewhere in their analysis ‘ethnic’ gang rape to this list, and Australia to the examples. As well as appraising the ideology that blames whole communities and their cultures, the authors (citing Davina Cooper) point out that the obsession with these practices is disproportionate to their actual extent and level of risk posed. Throughout the book, the authors make use of some instructive cases to substantiate and elucidate their key arguments. In addition to the veil controversies instanced above, these include the politics of (and surrounding) the late Pim Fortuyn and Theo Van Gogh (along with collaborator Ayaan Hirsi Ali) and the Fitna video circus of the live showman Geert Wilders in The Netherlands; the Swiss anti-minarets referendum of 2009 and its wider influence; the ‘PC’ debate from the United States and its use to traduce and discredit multiculturalism; and the ‘debate’ over integration and ‘values’ especially with regard to liberal western values regarding gender relations and sexuality. Lentin and Titley drily note that these latter show the proselytism of the recently converted when used as a stick with which to beat illiberal Islam from the wellknown gay-friendliness and attention to women’s rights of the Christian right wing in the United States, to the surprising and newly welcomed allies of the English Defence League. This is a thoroughly researched book, and, with its wide review of the relevant literature and its close critique of some influential works (notably Joppke), as well as its important intervention in the ‘integration’ debate, it will serve as a useful resource. As an ‘academic work’ it probably will not have the broad reach into popular movements against contemporary racism to which its arguments have much to say. (One stylistic flaw which irritated me slightly was the failure to translate quotations.) The central arguments of the book are insightful and elegantly constructed, with abundant evidence. Its critique is attentive, not dismissive: this is no polemic. Its international comparative analysis is ambitious, and it proves equal to the challenge. Its ideology analysis, both of the crises of multiculturalism and the ‘posting’ of racism, is incisive. Lentin and Titley’s valuable survey of ‘where post-racialism is at right now’ leads us beneath the appearances of neo-liberal worrying about the backward influence of cultures that are just too ‘other’, to see ‘the reproduction of racisms through conjunctions in which an anti-racist stance is officially endorsed’ (225).