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Correlation and Path Analysis Study in Dolichos Bean (Lablab purpureus L.)

It is one of the major sources of protein in the preparations in India (Savitha et al., 2012). It is a field crop mostly confined to a large extent in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh and some parts of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Among the quantitative characters, yield is a complex character and is dependent on a number of yield contributing characters. Therefore, the Knowledge of correlation between yield and its contributing characters are basic and for most endeavor to find out guide lines for plant selection. Partitioning of total correlation into direct and indirect effect by path coefficient analysis helps in making the selection more effective.


Introduction
Dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L.) is an important leguminous vegetable grown throughout the country and is mainly grown for its green pods, while the dry seeds also used in various vegetable preparations.
It is one of the major sources of protein in the preparations in India (Savitha et al., 2012). It is a field crop mostly confined to a large extent in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh and some parts of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Among the quantitative characters, yield is a complex character and is dependent on a number of yield contributing characters. Therefore, the Knowledge of correlation between yield and its contributing characters are basic and for most endeavor to find out guide lines for plant selection. Partitioning of total correlation into direct and indirect effect by path coefficient analysis helps in making the selection more effective.
Keeping in view the above facts, the present investigation was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity of 30 dolichos bean genotypes collected from Chhattisgarh based on morphological variations.

Materials and Methods
The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad U.P. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design having thirty genotypes collected from different part of Chhattisgarh in three replications. The allocation of treatments of the individual plots using random number in each replications with spacing 1.5× 1 m row to row and plant to plant respectively. Five plants from each replication were taken for recording observation on 16 characters viz. days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, inflorescence length, number of flowers per inflorescence, number of pods per inflorescence, days to first green pod harvest, days to last pod harvest, number of green pod pickings, vine length, pod length, pod width, pod weight, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, green pod yield per plant, YBMV incidence %.

Correlation analysis
Correlation coefficient is a statistical measure which is used to find out the degree and direction of relationship between two or more variables. The necessity of coefficient of correlation to describe the degree of association between independent and dependent variables. Association analysis gives an idea about relationship among the various characters and determines the component characters, on which selection can be used for genetic improvement in the pod yield. The yield components may not always be independent in their nature but may be interlinked. Correlation analysis provided a measure of genetic association between the characters and normally used in selection while, environmental as well as genetic architecture of a genotype plays a great role in achieving higher yield combined with better quality. In this experiment green pod yield per plant is highly significant and positively correlated with 100 seed weight (0.5730) followed by pod length (0.48), pod width (0.45), number of pods per inflorescence (0.37), while non-significant and positively correlated with number of seeds per pod (0.33), pod weight (0.32), vine length (0.24), number of green pod picking (0.22) and days to last green pod harvest (0.014), whereas highly significant and negatively correlated with YBMV incidence % (-0.6046) while non-significant and negative correlated with days to first green pod harvest (-0.20), days to first flowering (-0.1965), number of flowers per inflorescence (-0.1799) at genotypic level (Table 3). Similar result was observed by Patel et al., (2014) for pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, and days to last green pod harvest. The experimental findings on correlated coefficient analysis are in general agreement with the result reported by Baswana et al., (1980), Pandita et al., (1980, Pandey et al., (1980), Dahiya et al., (1991), Upadhyay et al.,(2011) and Kiran et al., (2014) (Tables 1 and 2).

Path analysis
Path coefficient analysis is an important tool for partitioning the correlated coefficients into the direct and indirect effects of independent variables on a dependent variable with the inclusion of more variables in correlated study. Their indirect association becomes more complex. Two characters may show correlated, just because they are correlated with a common third one. In such circumstances, path coefficient analysis provides an effective means of a critical examination of specific forces action to produce a given correlated and measure the relative importance of each factor.     (Table 3). Patel et al., (2014) observed similar result that pod weight, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, pod width expressed a higher positive direct effect on green pod yield per plant. Singh et al., (2015) also observed that pod width expressed a higher positive direct effect on green pod yield per plant. Kiran et al., (2014) also reported that pod weight showed a higher positive direct effect on green pod yield per plant (Table 4).
It is concluded that green pod yield per plant was significantly and positively correlated with 100 seed weight, pod length, pod width, number of pods per inflorescence, seeds per pod, pod weight, vine length, number of green pod picking and days to last green pod harvest. 100 seed weight showed high direct positive effect on green pod yield per plant followed by number of pods per inflorescence, days to last green pod harvest, pod length, days to first flowering, vine length, pod width and number of seeds per pod. Therefore these characters should be considered in selection criteria for increasing green pod yield per plant.