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Cutaneous manifestations in diabetes mellitus – a north indian study

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disorder which affects every 
organ system and the skin is no exception. Almost all patients of diabetes develop these 
cutaneous manifestations at some point of time.Objectives: Our purpose was to study the 
pattern of cutaneous manifestations in diabetes mellitus and their prevalence in controlled and 
uncontrolled diabetes. Materials and methods: Two hundred patients of diabetes mellitus that 
consecutively attended the outpatient department of dermatology or were admitted in the 
wards for any reason, having diabetes with skin complaints were included in the study. Results: 
The most frequent skin condition observed was infections, among which the most common 
were fungal infections (33.5%) followed by bacterial infections (12.5%). Among the non 
infectious skin lesions, acrochordons (8.5%) and acanthosis nigricans (8%) were the most 
frequently seen. Most of the diseases were more frequently seen in uncontrolled than in 
controlled diabetes. In 11% of patients, skin lesions preceded the diagnosis of diabetes. Most of 
the patients came with a single cutaneous manifestation (89%), but 11% of patients came with 
multiple skin conditions. Conclusion: Skin involvement is an important part of clinical 
manifestations of diabetes mellitus and may be the first sign of undiagnosed diabetes or 
uncontrolled metabolic state. Recognition of these specific and non specific cutaneous markers 
enables earlier diagnosis and treatment, which may ultimately improve the overall prognosis.