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Investigation on Statistical Behavior of Radiation Pattern in Analog Beamforming System

In millimeter-wave wireless communications systems, analog beamforming technology is being used to overcome technical drawbacks such as limited service coverage, high atmospheric loss, and insufficient signal-to-noise ratios. However, the errors caused by circuit implementation, quantized control, and imperfect isolation between antenna elements result in radiation pattern distortion and performance deterioration. In this work, we derived the statistical behavior of radiation pattern distortion due to random error, quantization noise, and mutual coupling. The analysis revealed that the radiation pattern distortion follows the Beckmann distribution.