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Identification of potential canine mammary tumor cell biomarkers using proteomic approach: differences in protein profiles among tumor and normal mammary epithelial cells by two-dimensional electrophoresis-based mass spectrometry.

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are regarded as invasive with a high rate of recurrent and metastasis in intact female dogs. Tumor diagnosis, therefore, is an important step in predicting and monitoring tumor progression. This study was designed to identify protein expression on CMTs by employing a proteomic approach. The primary cell culture from benign mixed tumor, simple carcinoma, complex carcinoma, and normal mammary gland were established and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) was subsequently performed. The different spots on each sample type were collected for identification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results indicated that cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and transketolase (TKT) were identified in benign mixed tumor cells and complex carcinoma cells. In contrast, cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and pyruvate kinase PKM were identified in simple carcinoma cells. Moreover, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein tumor antigen was identified specifically in complex carcinoma cells. Additionally, ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase platelet type and elongation factor 2 proteins were observed in benign cells. In conclusion, all expressed proteins in this study have been recognized for acting as their expression that differs from healthy mammary epithelial cells. Expectantly, this study identified the expressed proteins that might be useful in further diagnostic biomarker studies on CMTs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.