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An Investigation on Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has gained undisputed importance in the past decade in wide range of applications. WSN consists of densely deployed sensor nodes to monitor the environment. The sensed and collected data is communicated to the end user via the sink node using multi-hop transmission. There are several constraints in the construction of a sensor node such as processing power, memory and battery capacity. When the sensor nodes spend energy in an inefficient manner, it will reduce the network lifetime (NL) and hence the components of sensor node and the protocols governing the network must be optimally designed to extend its lifetime by reducing energy consumption. Many investigators have done their work in identifying energy consumed by the various activities carried out in WSNs. A detailed study is required for complete analysis of energy consumed by various elements in the WSN for the development of efficient protocols. This paper summarizes the energy consumed in a WSN and provides an insight for further research in WSN.