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The Grail, the Quest and the World of Arthur (review)

place than Alexis or Roland, this absence of belonging being common to all versions of the legend, despite variations in treatment. The final chapter further suggests that the ‘courtly’ and ‘common’ versions of the legend, which represent different developments of the story, also diverge in their representation of place: the courtly version, Kelly argues, shows the disintegration of all forms of belonging, whereas the common version depicts the gradual restoration of place from the moment the love potion ceases to be effective. This is an accessible study that interestingly explores how belonging is, in the case of all three protagonists, linked to exile and alienation: a feature of the book that gives it a potential relevance to literary discussions of these themes in other contexts. Where the discussion is weaker is in seeming to take for granted contextual locations such as ‘France’. Though not always relevant to the literary analysis, this is more of a problem when it comes to the discussion of audience. For instance, in Kelly’s consideration of the place of the audience in the Alexis, the relationship between ‘France’ as Rome’s successor and the French-speaking community of English recluse Christina of Markyate is not made apparent (pp. 99–101). The problematization of France as a location is something that one might also have expected to find further developed in discussion of the Roland, particularly in light of the work of scholars such as Sharon Kinoshita. Kelly’s study is nonetheless a methodical exploration of a little-studied theme in some canonical Old French texts and, as such, constitutes a useful resource both for undergraduate teaching and for further research on the medieval literary depiction of space.