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Fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphatic filariasis presenting as a swelling over the left elbow

Lymphatic filariasis prevails as one of the significant socio-economic threats in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with around 40% of the cases occurring in India alone, despite considerable progress made in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease over the past decade. Wuchereria bancrofti continues to be the predominant species accounting for more than 90% of the national burden. The slender thread-like parasites can be conveniently demonstrated in the peripheral smear examination with the subtle morphological distinction between the different species. Although W. bancrofti is known for its occurrence in various sites such as the thyroid, breast, lungs, lymph nodes, and body fluids, its presence in the subcutaneous tissue is uncommonly heard. Thus, the index case emphasizes the rarity of its occurrence so that clinicians would be familiar with such a presentation.