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Pollinator Extinction in the Pacific Islands

“If all the animals and plants of Great Britain were set free in New Zealand, in the course of time a multitude of British forms would become thoroughly naturalized there, and would exterminate many of the natives. . . . Yet the most skillful naturalist from an examination of the species of the two countries could not have foreseen this result” (Darwin 1859:337– 338). Although Charles Darwin was writing about New Zealand, the decimation of indigenous floras continues in many Pacific archipelagos, including Hawaii. Alien species are regarded as the chief threat to over 90% of Hawaii’s 282 federally endangered plants, but to less than 30% of the 486 endangered species on the U.S. mainland (Wilcove et al. 2000). Why are island floras so vulnerable to invasion?