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Distribution and Clearance of Blood Constituents after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats: Mechanisms and Relevance for Functional Outcomes

Background and Objective To evaluate the impact of blood clearance mechanisms on neurologic damage and functional outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Methods A rat model of ICH was established through pre‐cannulation and injection of autologous arterial blood into the caudate nucleus. Blood was supplemented with 6‐amino‐caproic acid (a procoagulant), low‐molecular‐weight heparin (an anticoagulant), or vehicle. Relationships between hematoma volume and edema size and neurologic damage were assessed at different times. Results At 6 hours and 24 hours, hematoma volume was greater in rats that received anticoagulant than in the other two groups (p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed at 3 days, 5 days, or 7 days (p > 0.05). At 6 hours and 24 hours, the Neurological Severity Score in the procoagulant group was significantly higher than in the other two groups (comparison between groups, p < 0.01); and no significant differences were found at other times (p > 0.05). Conclusion Enhanced clearance of leaked blood was associated with larger hematomas within the first 3 days of ICH and with less neurologic damage. The capacity to clear blood is an important determinant of functional recovery after ICH. Enhanced clearance may help reduce neurologic damage.