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Effect of Battery Dynamics and the Associated Technologies on the Life Time of Wireless Sensor Networks

Battery life extension is the principal driver for energy-efficient wireless sensor network (WSN) design. However, there is growing awareness that in order to truly maximize the operating life of battery- powered systems such as sensor nodes, it is important to discharge the battery in a manner that maximizes the amount of charge extracted from it. In spite of this, there is little published data that quantitatively analyzes the effectiveness with which modern wireless sensor nodes discharge their batteries, under different operating conditions. This paper focuses on discharge profiles of battery under different conditions which could play a vital role in the life time of the wireless sensor networks. Power consumption is the limiting factor for the functionality offered by portable devices that operate on batteries. This power consumption problem is caused by a number of factors. Users are demanding more functionality, more processing, longer battery lifetimes, and smaller form factor and with reduced costs. Battery technology is only progressing slowly; the performance improves just a few percent each year. Mobile devices are also getting smaller and smaller, implying that the amount of space for batteries is also decreasing. Decreasing the size of a mobile device results in smaller batteries, and a need for less power consumption.