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Complex of the soluble IL-11 receptor and IL-11 acts as IL-6-type cytokine in hepatic and nonhepatic cells.

The signaling functions of the membrane and soluble form of the mouse IL-11 receptor (mIL-11R) were compared in rat and human hepatoma cells, which have a low endogenous IL-11 response. The expression vectors encoding either the full length or a secretory form of the ligand binding subunit of mIL-11R together with IL-6-responsive reporter gene constructs were transiently transfected into the H-35 and HepG2 cells. An IL-11-specific stimulation of transcription was detected that was qualitatively similar to that mediated by the endogenous IL-6R. HepG2 cells were noted to synthesize constitutively IL-11, resulting in an autocrine stimulation of gene expression. Addition of COS cell-derived soluble mIL-11R to the hepatoma cell cultures prominently enhanced IL-11 regulation of transfected reporter gene constructs and expression of endogenous acute phase plasma protein genes. Similarly, the complex of soluble mIL-11R and IL-11 was capable of mediating an IL-6-type signaling in cells that are naturally deficient in IL-11 response as shown by the activation of STAT1 and STAT3 in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells and human T cells. The results indicate that the IL-11R can serve as a substitute to IL-6R in activating gene expression in target cells that are devoid of the appropriate ligand-binding receptor subunits.