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Evaluation of a Segmented Approach to Model PCB-Based Links of a PCIe Bus

In this work, a segmented approach to model PCI Express buses on PCBs, in terms of S-parameters, is analyzed. The models are built with a 3D full-wave approach. The goal is to evaluate a traditional segmented approach considering only signal paths, against complete full-wave models with mixed reference planes. It will be shown that, for the studied topology, transmission can be estimated through the segmented approach with good accuracy below 20 GHz. However, differences are observed at higher frequencies. For the case of mixed reference planes, the segmented approach underestimates crosstalk levels.