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Spinal cord glia activation following peripheral polyinosine–polycytidylic acid administration

Effects of repeated intraperitoneal injections of polyinosine–polycytidylic acid on spinal cord cells were analysed. After each injection, the number of ED-1+ microglia significantly increased in rat spinal cords. Expression of endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II, however, was not observed. The morphology of microglia indicated an incomplete activation state even after three repeated polyinosine–polycytidylic acid injections. Astrocyte activation was observed after the first injection using glial fibrillary acidic protein staining. Simultaneously with glia activation, hyperalgesia was observed, but the expression of P2X4 receptor, which is considered to be closely associated with hyperalgesia, on microglia was not detected. In sum, our data suggest that repeated peripheral injections of polyinosine–polycytidylic acid might alert the central nervous system through limited activation of microglia and astrocytes.