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Operation Orchestration of Local Energy Communities through Digital Twin: A Review on suitable Modeling and Simulation Approaches

Increasing the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) requires an orchestration of the existing centralized management system used for the electricity grid and the emerging distributed ones for local energy communities (LEC). To support this orchestration, design and operation strategies of LECs needs to be analysed, based on a so-called Digital Twin (DT) platform with suitable modeling and simulation techniques. This paper presents a set of requirements needed to develop DT, thus enabling operation orchestration of LECs. Based on these specific requirements, a comprehensive review on the relevant physics-based and data-driven models will be discussed, especially focusing on the flexibility profile of LEC based on data-driven model to support the balancing reserves to the electricity grid.