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Optimal location of Electric Vehicle Rapid Charging Stations in Power Distribution Network and Transportation Network with V2G Strategies

Government organizations and the automotive industry are paying close attention to electric vehicles (EVs) because of their lower CO2 emissions, cheap maintenance, and low operating costs. EVs have a bright future ahead of them and have become increasingly popular as the primary source of new energy, due to which many countries are interested in developing the EV charging infrastructure. The optimal number of charging stations and placement has become a prominent research topic across the world, and these challenges are vital for government planning for EVs. This paper first built a mathematical model to predict the number of EV rapid charging stations (EVRCSs) in the given area. Moreover, a model has been developed to optimize the location of EVRCS in the power distribution network with V2G strategies at the charging stations. The power loss of the distribution network and the transportation cost of EVs from the demand point to EVRCS are considered objective functions for problem formulation. The proposed model for the placement of EVRCS has been tested on the IEEE34 bus system, and power flow was analyzed by using the backward forward sweep algorithm. Results are analyzed for the base case without EVRCS placement, the optimal location of EVRCS without V2G strategies, and the optimal location of EVRCS with V2G strategies.