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Iron Deficiency and Anemia Among Indian Women in Fiji

Summary In June 1979, 245 Hindu and 240 Moslem women of childbearing age (14–45 yr) living in a semi‐rural area north of Lautoka were tested for anemia and for iron‐deficiency. Ninety‐six (39%) of the 245 Hindu women and 77 (32%) of the 240 Moslem women were anemic according to World Health Organization criteria. Most of the cases of anemia were due to iron‐deficiency. The prevalence of anemia did not change significantly with advancing age or increasing parity. Hookworm ova were found on examination of a single specimen of feces in 27 (14%) of 195 Hindu and 50 (24%) of 209 Moslem women. The presence of hookworm did not correlate with anemia. The red cell folate level was less than 160 μg/l in 117 (24%) of 478 women and the serum vitamin B12 level was less than 100 ng/l in 47(10%) of 476 women. Subnormal levels of these vitamins did not correlate with anemia. The serum ferritin was determined to assess tissue iron stores. Two‐hundred‐ and‐twenty‐four (46%) of 484 Indian women tested had serum ferritin values of less than 10 μg/l; 400 (83%) had ferritin values of less than 26 μ/l. The high prevalence of iron deficiency appears to be due predominantly to dietary factors.