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Study of the Si(111)“1×1”–Au Surface Using Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

The initial stages of Si(111)–Au interface formation have been studied using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and intensity rocking curve analysis of one-beam RHEED. An equilibrium phase diagram of the Au/Si(111) system has been determined for the Au coverage range of 0–0.7 monolayers and substrate temperatures of 750–850°C. Our RHEED data and “quench and look” STM observations show that two different types of “1×1”–Au-stabilized surface phases can be formed depending on the magnitude of interaction between Au atoms. The interaction between Au atoms was found to be weak when they are separated by a distance of more than about five 1 ×1 unit cells of the Si(111) surface kept at temperatures higher than 800°C. At different conditions, Au atoms cluster into trimers which are assumed to form all other Si(111)–Au surface phases.