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Effect of the manner of spike execution on spike performance in volleyball

The purpose of this study was to find out the common tendencies of peak performance spikes and study the effect that the manner of execution (type of spike, zone and direction) has on spike performance. A total of 4968 spikes from 33 men’s matches and 2450 spikes from 23 women’s matches of the 2000 Olympic Games were analyzed. The variables studied were spike performance, type of spike, zone of the court from which spike was done, spike direction, rally phase, gender and team level. The results show that the use of fast tempo spikes and the use of the line spike both increase spike performance, and the ball contacting the block reduces spike performance. The zone most used by males and females was zone four (left side of the net) both in side-out and in counter-attack. Player’s participation is different depending on gender.