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Elderly People in Siberia in the XIX – early XX centuries: Problems of Social Status and Main Directions of Public Charity in the "Open" Society

The article deals with the problems of the social status of an elderly person, as well as the social care of elderly people in Siberia in the XIX-early XX centuries. The conducted historiographic analysis showed that special studies of the problem should not be considered as exhaustive, and therefore there is no holistic scientific understanding of the social status of elderly people and the practice of aid and support of this group of the population. The article analyzes the understanding of what old age meant in the post-reform period, the specifics of determining the age range of old age, the difference between the concepts of “elderly” and “retired”. We also study the lifestyle of an elderly person during the transition of the person to the category of “elderly”, features of helplessness and social activity of elderly citizens. On the basis of previously unpublished archival data, the main directions of social care for elderly people in Siberia outside charitable institutions are considered in detail, since this problem is less studied. On specific examples the features of the pension provision and the payment of an “invalid” salary are characterized, as well as the position of widows and public care of them, the importance of the widow type, social aid to the elderly people who have no place in the poorhouse, the role of the police and health institutions in the process of public charity. The examples of different social practices of the population in relation to the elderly people are demonstrated: from taking care of the extraneous elderly people to the expulsion of them from their own homes.