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[Infanticide in primates and man and the problems of reconstructing the social behavior of the hominids].

The general analysis of infanticide distribution pattern in primate and human populations is given. The possibilities to use the sociobiological, ecological, psycho-analytical and structural-social approaches are considered to explain the infanticide functions in primates. The necessity of exact data concerning the sex, age and social position of both: killers and victims (victim's mothers either) is stressed, as well the estimation of social situation in the group in the period before the infanticide. The qualitative differences in infanticide mechanisms in lower monkeys, anthropoids and man is illustrated. It is proposed to differentiate the infanticide on the individual level and as a group social strategy. The probability of infanticide in hominid societies on the different stages of evolution is discussed.