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Hematopoietic Adaptors in T‐Cell Signaling: Potential Applications to Transplantation

Recent advances have been made in understanding the basis of T‐cell signaling with the identification of hematopoeitic‐specific adaptor proteins, or molecular scaffolds that facilitate protein complex formation and the integration of signals from the surface of T cells. Their potential relevance as targets in the modulation of transplantation relates to their immune‐cell‐specific expression and their ability to integrate signals needed for T‐cell/APC conjugate formation, cytokine production and the clonal expansion of T cells. While LAT, GADS and SLP‐76 are needed for TcR‐induced cytokine production, the adaptors ADAP, VAV and SKAP‐55 play specialized roles in the regulation of integrin adhesion and conjugation. Given the importance of these functions to the reactivity of T cells to allodeterminants of tissue grafts (GvH), and in the recognition and destruction of leukemic cells (GvL), these adaptors represent a new generation of potential targets in the modulation of transplantation.