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Load Flow Calculation Considering Droop Control in Distribution Networks: A Convex Optimization Approach

Load flow (LF) calculation is a crucial module in modern energy management systems. Departing from the conventional Newton-Raphson iterative method, this paper shows that LF solutions can be obtained by solving a second-order conic programming (SOCP) problem. To consider droop characteristics of distributed generators (DGs), convexiflcation of LF equations embedded with approximation of droop equations is investigated. The implications are twofold. On one hand, LF solutions can be obtained efficiently by directly applying existing commercial solvers into the SOCP problem. On the other hand, transforming the original system of nonlinear LF equations into a convex optimization problem facilitates the subsequent spatial decomposition, where state-of-the-art distributed optimization algorithms can be readily deployed. Numerical tests on four different benchmark systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.