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Free arterialized venous flap for the reconstruction of defects of the hand: new modifications.

Arterialized venous flaps were used in 13 cases for reconstruction of defects in the hand. The flap was used as a fascial venous flap in three cases, and as a sensory venous flap in three cases. In three cases, the flap was designed as an ipsilateral pedicled flap, similar to a standard free flap, instead of as a contralateral pedicled type. Ten flaps survived completely. Two flaps underwent superficial necrosis, with viable subcutaneous-tissue layers.