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Influence of graphene on the cell morphology and mechanical properties of extruded polystyrene foam

The incorporation of nanoparticles to polymer foams not only reinforces the cell walls and struts but can also lead to a decrease of cell size and enhanced cell morphology which in turn, yield foams with superior mechanical properties. For this purpose, several studies have focused on identifying close-to-ideal nucleating agents as well as understanding the influence of processing parameters on foam cell morphology. This research provides a systemic approach to low-density polystyrene foams produced with graphene (thermally reduced graphite oxide), talc and carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via foam extrusion. Remarkably, the cell morphologies of polystyrene/thermally reduced graphite oxide foams show enhanced cell homogeneity with a tremendous increase of the cell densities by more than one order of magnitude compared to neat polystyrene and its counterparts.