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Entrepreneurial orientation, Waynesian self-efficacy for searching and marshaling, and intention across gender and region of origin

Both entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy have been shown to drive entrepreneurial intention. Using survey data from 1658 graduate students in an international business pitch competition, this paper focuses on the impact of two sub-dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy memorably characterized by the roles of actor John Wayne: searching for new opportunities and marshaling resources. These two traits in sequence mediated the relationship between orientation and intention. Moreover, even though all four cognitive constructs in this study differs across the entrepreneurs’ gender and region of origin, the pattern of mediation remains unaffected by these moderators. These results narrow the search for predictors of intention, and give educators a more precise locus for intervention.