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Compact Permanent Magnetic Circuit with Periodic Magnetic Field Designed for Studies of Liquid Crystals

Abstract We have developed a high-performance compact magnetic circuit to investigate orientational phase behaviors of biological and synthetic macromolecular systems by using spectroscopic methods such as X-ray scattering and light scattering. This magnetic circuit can apply a periodic magnetic field and gradient to samples. The maximum values of the magnetic field strength and gradient are varied from 1.5 tesla to 0.55 tesla and from 2.4 × 102 tesla/m to 7.3 × 101 tesla/m. Owing to the high periodicity of the magnetic field strength and gradient macromolecules are subjected to both rotational and translational forces from the magnetic field. We show some prominent features of this magnetic circuit and its first application to the synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering (SR-SAXS) studies of supermacromolecular liquid crystals.