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Synthesis of Mixed TiO2-Rare Earth Up-Conversion Material and Application in the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Rare earth ion-doped nanoparticles NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+ is one of the most efficient up-conversion nanosystems, when mixing a TiO2 heterogeneous layer outside can extends the range of NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+ nanoparticles absorb solar energy. In this work, a multi-functional mixed NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+-TiO2 structure was synthesized. The micromorphology, structure and particle size of the up-converting nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and room temperature up-conversion luminescence (UCL) spectrofluorimetric measurements. The mixture of NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+ and TiO2 nanoparticles was applied to Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSC with up-conversion material is nearly twice as much as of the control DSSC irradiated by infrared (IR) light.