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Co-infection between tuberculosis and malaria: A consideration on interaction of molecules and pathogenesis.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and malaria are counted as worst diseases for the following: (i) together cause 4 million deaths every year; and (ii) pregnant women are at high risk of developing anaemia and infection of placenta 1 . Children born to co-infected mother are in low birth weight. AIDS may increase the risk of severe malaria and antimalarial drugs are less effective 1 . Virus that cause AIDS replicate more readily. A common infection in a patient with AIDS is tuberculosis. Malaria and tuberculosis are endemic in many regions of the world, and co-infection with the two pathogens is common. The interaction between both infections within a co-infection episode is an interesting topic in infectious medicine. The public health importance of TB/malaria is highlighted in this paper 1‐3 . Page et al 4 said that tuberculosis-induced potentiation of type 1 immune responses is associated with protection against lethal murine malaria. The protective process is believed to relate to gamma interferon induction 4 . This induction of cellular immune responses is related to ATP-binding protein (ATPBP) of Plasmodium species 5 . Zheng et al 6 found that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was associated with the induction of a strong humoral and cellular response directed against Plasmodium falciparum 3 .