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Blind Estimation of the Ocean Acoustic Channel by Time–Frequency Processing

A blind estimator of the ocean acoustic channel impulse response envelope is presented. The signal model is characterized by a deterministic multipath channel excited by a highly nonstationary deterministic source signal. The time-frequency (TF) representation of the received signal allows for the separation between the channel and the source signal. The proposed estimator proceeds in two steps: First, the unstable initial arrivals allow for the estimation of the source signal instantaneous frequency (IF) by maximization of the radially Gaussian kernel distribution; then, the Wigner-Ville distribution (WV) is sequentially windowed and integrated, where the window is defined by the previously estimated IF. The integral gives the channel impulse response envelope, which turns to be an approximation to the blind conventional matched filter (MF). The blind channel estimator (CE) is applicable upon the following conditions: that the multipath channel contains at least one dominant arrival well separated from the others, and that the IF of the source signal is a one-to-one function. Results obtained on real data from the INternal TIde Measurements with Acoustic Tomography Experiments (INTIMATE'96), where the acoustic channel was driven by an linear frequency modulation signal, show that the channel's envelope detailed structure could be accurately and consistently recovered, with the correlation of the estimates ranging from 0.796 to 0.973, as compared to the MF result