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Indigenous histories of the American South during the long nineteenth century

Over the past generation, an impressive body of scholarship has drawn scholarly attention to the Native South. Ethnohistorians have been at the forefront of efforts to reevaluate Native American political, social, and cultural history in what is today the Southeastern United States. At the same time, scholars from a range of disciplines have started conversations that delve more deeply into the complexities of identity, trade and diplomacy, and migration and resettlement among Southeastern Indian communities. As a result of this scholarly attention, a still growing historiography that highlights the dynamism of life in the Native South between the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries continues to expand. This special issue of American Nineteenth Century History builds on recent historical research and showcases some of the best and most innovative historical scholarship currently being written about the late-eighteenthand nineteenth-century Native South. As the following essays reveal, historians of the Native South continue to develop our collective historical understanding of how social and cultural relations in the Native South changed during the long nineteenth century, of how critically important concepts such as land and sovereignty were contested by Native and settler governments, and how changing commercial and economic activities contributed to alterations in the collective identities of Native American communities. The essays in this special issue of American Nineteenth Century History pay particular attention to the large, multiethnic Indigenous societies that began taking shape in the Southeast after the sixteenth century. These societies include the Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminoles, Native American polities that are well known in American popular and political culture. However, this special issue also contains analysis that expands on recent historical, anthropological, and archeological scholarship of smaller societies like the Tuscaroras, Yamasees, Natchez, and Nottoway. As a whole, then, the following essays and reflection pieces make an important contribution to an increasingly sophisticated and detailed scholarship that represents Native Southerners as major contributors to the overlapping/intersecting/conflicting tribal and/or colonial frontiers and borderlands of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries – a period characterized by frontier violence, warfare, and the territorial dispossession and removal of Native Southerners. The contributors to this special issue are particularly attentive to shifting power dynamics between the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The contested,