{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.013289036544850499, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.8522727272727275, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Labor and Post-Fordist Industrial Restructuring in East and Southeast Asia

By a variety of measures, East Asian trade unionism remains numerically weak and politically ineffectual despite continuing industrial deepening in the region. Although political explanations go some distance in explaining this weakness, the new competitive strategies of firms have played an increasingly important role in undercutting and preempting organized labor. This article explores the impact of new strategies of flexible production, and of their developmental timing, for emergent labor movements across the region.