{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.013714967203339297, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0035778175313059034, 'mean_word_length': 5.0577617328519855, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effects of anaesthesia and surgery on renal haemodynamics.

The kidneys are the most vascular organs, receiving approximately 25 per cent of the cardiac output although they constitute only 0.4 per cent of body weight. Almost all of the blood supplied to a kidney flows through the afferent arterioles of the glomeruli, the residual minute quantity entering hilar fat and renal capsule. After flowing through the capillary bed of the glomerulus the blood may take either of two routes, depending on whether the glomerulus is situated in the cortex or juxtamedullary region. Eighty-five per cent of the glomeruli are situated in the cortex. The blood from these glomeruli passes through the glomerular efferent arteriole which then subdivides into a capillary network in close contact with the tubule of that glomerulus. The efferent arteriole of the 15 per cent of glomeruli situated in the juxtamedullary region branches repeatedly, giving rise to straight capillary channels which plunge directly into the inner medulla, turn a hairpin bend at the tip of the papilla to return to the juxtamedullary region and join the venous system. These straight capillary channels are called vasa recta and play important roles in the countercurrent system of concentration of urine. There are, therefore, four different anatomical and functional parts of the kidney— cortex, juxtamedullary region, medulla and perirenal fat. Each part has its own special type of vasculature intimately related to function. Alterations in renal function could thus occur either by changes in total renal blood flow or by a redistribution of flow within the kidney in the presence of unaltered total flow.