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General Strain Theory and Delinquency: A Replication and Extension

Strain theory has recently been reformulated into a theory of broader scope. In this revitalized version, called general strain theory, strain is hypothesized to have three distinct sources; (a) blockage of desired goals, (b) withdrawl or loss of valued objects, and (c) introduction of negative stimuli. Empirical tests of general strain theory are few to date, and those that have been conducted, although generally supportive, have shortcomings that preclude the drawing of more definitive conclusions. The authors conduct a more comprehensive test of general strain theory and, with a longitudinal sample of adolescents, find that several dimensions of general strain are positively related to involvement in a wide range of delinquent acts. Strain has both a direct effect on delinquency and indirect effects by weakening the inhibitions of the social bond and increasing one's involvement with delinquent peers. It is concluded that general strain theory makes an important contribution to delinquency theory, and additional efforts should be undertaken to fully develop its implications.