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DEVELOPING SMALL SCALE CHEMISTRY PRACTICUM MODULE TO IDENTIFY STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN PREDICT- OBSERVE-EXPLAIN (POE) IMPLEMENTATION

Chemistry practicum does not have to be complicated and requires expensive apparatus and chemicals, and is considered not environmentally friendly. The concept of small scale chemistry practicum is one of appropriate technology that is packaged elegantly to introduce and embed the principles of green chemistry in every chemistry experiments, and also to enhance the concepts of chemistry through verification and scientific discovery. This study aims to create the newest product, the small scale chemistry practicum module to identify the ability of the students of chemistry education study program, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta in formulating predictions on phenomenon based on the insights they have, making direct observations through small scale chemistry practicum, and explaining the results of observations and emphasis on concepts in detail and depth. This research is the development research with the model of Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE). Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and Rasch Model. The results of the study show that the product developed has a perfect and feasible level of readability to be tested. From the content aspect, it presented in perfect criteria, as well as the construction aspect and aspect of language, also shows good value. The students already have quite an excellent ability to predict (average score= 76), observe (average score= 88.5), and explain (average score 87.5). Also, it was noted that students enthusiastically applied POE, and the results of POE students show good person reliability value (0.88) in small scale chemistry experiments. The product developed has been valid, effective, and practical for use in experiments according to experts and teachers, and good student responses (Cronbach's alpha value= 0.92) to the product.


INTRODUCTION
Practicum is characteristic of subjects such as biology, chemistry, and physics.
Especially in chemistry, general experimental activities are carried out at school laboratories and use apparatus and chemicals.
Unfortunately, the needs in the chemical laboratory are not as complete as thought.
There are still many high schools in Indonesia that lack facilities to support these experimental activities. Research findings in Jambi, Indonesia reveal that lack of facilities In chemistry experiments, including small scale practicum, the ability to Predict, Observe, and Explain commonly known as POE is an important part to be analyzed.
Competence in POE emphasizes individual participation to be active in building conceptual understanding and skills [6]. Through prediction, students can strive to provide an overview and linkages with practicums carried out, make observations according to facts, and explain phenomena that occur [7]. Furthermore, these three abilities become part that is able to describe the phenomena that occur.
Previous authors [8] revealed that all three activities in the POE were very useful in building student activities, and connectivity was formed between new knowledge and things observed during the experiment.
The small scale practicum that has been determined needs to be designed procedurally and fulfilling the requirements. Descriptive analysis is also used in describing the results of validation and the students' POE ability.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The development of small scale chemistry practicum module is designed by adapting the structural ADDIE model in managing development research activities previous author [20] which in this paper were developed as follows:

Develop
After designing, the product of the small scale chemistry practicum module is printed to be a module with A4 size with art paper, softcover, and finishing with doff lamination. The product that was developed was then validated by two experts and three

Implement and Evaluate
The validated product is then implemented to the small scale chemistry practicum. Through practicum to try out this product, students will learn many things that can verify things found in POE. Previous authors [9] states that practicum makes students more trust in truth based on experiments rather than information from teachers or books, observes every phenomenon, enriches experiences, and shapes scientific attitudes. POE also helps in the chemistry practicum, as expressed [10]  The implementation of the product developed involved 35 students. There are ten essay questions, each of which represents ten experiments, then followed by analyzing the students' abilities in predicting, observing, and explaining.

a. Predictive Ability
Predicting is an activity in an effort to reach C5 cognitive level. This ability is indeed needed to develop students' self-evaluation abilities of experiments given.  This predicting stage is what was desired before this small scale chemistry experiment, and further previous authors [11] revealed that the predicting stage sought to explore students' initial knowledge, explore their abilities, and of course, provide information on these abilities to the teachers. Previous authors [12] emphasizes that the predicting stage gives students the opportunity to explore their knowledge independently of things not previously encountered. Thus, the predicting stage becomes an important part of linking students' initial abilities to new phenomena and experiences and strengthening skills during small scale chemistry experiments.

b. Observing Ability
In this research, all students have good observation skills. This is indicated by the complete observation data that is filled in observing each phenomenon. Also, students are very closely observing the changes that occur.
Based on the chemistry experiments that have been carried out, the results obtained from the analysis of students' ability to observe are as follows. authors [15] added that discussion could strengthen students' abilities in terms of observing and predicting.

c. Explaining Ability
Previous authors [16]   Following the statement previous author [17] that POE also helps to build constructivist strength in developing students' chemistry science process skills. POE can also stimulate scientific thinking and support to build their knowledge [18]. Besides, previous authors [19] added that the implementation of POE