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Leveraging Multi-task Learning for Umambiguous and Flexible Deep Neural Network Watermarking

Deep neural networks are playing an important role in many real-life applications. An important prerequisite in commercializing deep neural networks is the identification of their genuine owners. Therefore, watermarking schemes that embed the owner’s identity information into the models have been proposed. However, current schemes cannot meet all the security requirements such as unambiguity and are inflexible since most of them focus on classification models. To meet the formal definitions of the security requirements and increase the applicability of deep neural network watermarking schemes, we propose a new method, MTLSign, based on multi-task learning. By treating the watermark embedding as an extra task, the security requirements are explicitly formulated and met with well-designed regularizers and components from cryptography. Experiments have demonstrated that MTLSign is flexible and robust for practical security in machine learning applications.