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Hexahistidine-metal Assemblies: A Facile and Effective Co-delivery System of Subunit Vaccines for Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses.

Fully effective vaccines must induce both potent humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Nanoparticles co-encapsulating antigens and adjuvants have shown promising advantages as subunit vaccines in many aspects. However, low loading efficiency and complicated synthesis process of these nanomaterials need to be improved. Here, we utilized hexahistidine (His6)-metal assembly (HmA) particles as carriers to co-delivery ovalbumin (OVA) peptides and cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs). We found that antigen/adjuvant-carrying HmA can efficiently enter into antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and help the antigens escape from lysosomes to induce the maturation of these cells in vitro characterized by increasing expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines. More importantly, the vaccines with high biocompatibility can elicit strong humoral and cellular immunity by improving secretion of specific antibodies and cytokines, enhancing activation of DCs and T cells in vivo. Our results suggest that HmA provides a new approach for subunit vaccines by co-delivery of antigens and adjuvant.