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The western Indian Ocean and the early maritime links of the Indian subcontinent

evolve out of the earlier Greek historiographical tradition which incorporated notices on India from around the fifth century B.C. onwards? If the Periplus Maris Erythraei grew out of an earlier literary tradition, it would be quite legitimate to argue that it reflects expanding Graeco-Roman interests in the western Indian Ocean. On the contrary, if it stands out as an isolated example of Greek writing, it should be possible to conclude that it represents attempts at the codification of local seafaring traditions and knowledge in the western Indian Ocean. Any study of early maritime links with the Mediterranean would then necessarily have to contend with the indigenous Indian and Arab sailing traditions now available to us largely from ethnographic studies and accounts. It is significant that the Eruthras thalassa which roughly corresponds to the present Indian Ocean appears in Greek writing only in the first century A.D.’ Pliny was the first classical author to use the term Eruthras thalassa