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African-Americans, West Indians, Model Minorities, and the Movement for Racial Equality in the United States

I have always been concerned about the role of social science in society. When I went through graduate school there was a great emphasis placed upon value neutrality and science for science's sake. This never made sense to me. I could not understand why we bothered to do research if our work was not going to contribute to society. Still, I was somewhat influenced by this position. I always selected research topics with social relevance but I did not always draw out the policy implications of my findings. Sometimes I was a scholar and sometimes an activist but rarely a scholar-activist. Things changed as I aged and my scholarship and activism grew closer together. This is reflected in my choice of "Scholarship in Pursuit of the Just Society" as the theme for the SSSP annual meetings during my presidential year. Thomas Sowell seems to share my belief in making social science relevant but with different objectives. He and others interpreted his work on race and culture as raising questions about the value of affirmative action. Social science was used to support the ending of affirmative action, which facilitated the continued reproduction of racial inequality. This is unacceptable. The present manuscript is designed to demonstrate the flawed nature of those interpretations and to argue for a return to affirmative action.