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Synthesis and morphology of polyvinyl alcohol /zinc sulfide nanocomposite

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites have been synthesized. The nanocomposites which prepared by sol-gel method were mixed to various concentrations of PVA using magnetic stirrer bar of 500 rpm at 80°C. After the solvent evaporates, the white suspensions were casted on to a flat metal and the film-like composites formed. Those samples were characterized including tensile for mechanical test follow ISO-527-2 and melting points for thermal analysis using DSC operated at 20°C/min with the temperature range of 30-300°C. The most homogeny and Young modulus samples were obtained at ratio 98:2 w/w % of PVA/ZnS, and the highest melting point were found at ratio 97:3% of PVA/ZnS.


Introduction
Nanotechnology describes the knowledge about the system as well as the proportion of equipment nanometers. One nanometer is equal to one millionth of a millimeter. Nanotechnology has been impact in science and engineering as well as each side of human life. Many people believe nanotechnology is able to cure the majority of medical diseases in humans. Indeed, most of the application of innovation in the field of nanotechnology is currently only speculative and theoretical, but already many are becoming practical applicative. For example, carbon nano-tubes, tubular carbon molecules are structurally unique and have the properties of electric currents better. Carbon nano-tubes has been applied to the high-resolution screen and reinforce the materials in the industry. Other practical applications of nanotechnology those are for packing, the health and automotive sector [1][2][3].
The nanoparticles used in the prevention of dirty clothes on the surface where the feathers attached with nano size so similar to taro leaf surface. Polymer nano sizes ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm is used for exterior wall paint, adhesives, paper coatings, upholstery fabrics, cosmetics as well as retaining UV rays. Retaining sunlight is also an example of the use of nanoparticles. It caused UV rays can be easily to disperse and adsorb to nanoparticles. The use of light barrier is very widespread in Australia to dominate the market by 60%. Nanoparticles of aluminium used to mix propellant (fuel) which is able to accelerate the burning of up to two times. Nanocopper mixed lubricating oil to prevent engine wear. Nanocalsium and phosphate composite is used as synthetic bone substitute human bone. and has high elasticity properties. Nanoparticle technology, particularly in semiconductors has been expanding applications in biological and biomedical fields. Compound semiconductor nanoscale dimensions can be used as sensors to the cells of the human body, capable of detecting the cancer so that treatment would be more effective [4][5][6][7][8].
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is one type of hydrophilic polymer that is widely used in various fields, especially chemistry, pharmaceuticals and health. PVA can be mixed with other materials to obtain a composite that better suit its usefulness [9]. Gea (2010) [10] has been mixing PVA with bacterial cellulose increase Young's modulus, Campos [11] mixing PVA with silver (Ag) to obtain a higher conductivity properties. Zhang et al., (2011) [12] adds graphene oxide on PVA to produce a composite that has high tensile strength. The products produced as a result of this process generally has good physical properties, non-toxic and have the ability to absorb the relatively high water and biocompatible [13]. PVA hydrogel crosslinked is one of the PVA polymer modified. The hydrogel has a three-dimensional network structure which allows the inclusion of other substances into it.
PVA hydrogel is one type of hydrogel which in recent years have been developed for applications both for the purposes in the field of chemistry, health and biomedicine. It has unique properties, among others,PVA is sensitive to temperature and has a transition temperature of 58 o C with partially hydrolyzed to 85 o C with a degree of hydrolyzed. Because the melting point of PVA is relatively low, it is necessary to have an amplifier that can improve the physical properties of the material. So in the research, the addition of ZnS improved the mechanical and thermal properties of PVA/ZnS nanocomposite.
Samples were formed according to the sample test, tensile test to ISO 527-2 and DSC test with ASTM D3418-03. SEM used to determine the morphology of the sample surface.

Results and Discussion
Nanocomposite PVA/ZnS have been synthesized by sol-gel method. The product was formed in