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Isotopic and Hydrochemical Study of Groundwater in an Area Between the Lesser Zab and Tigris River, Northern Iraq

Stable isotopes (2H, 18O) in the water cycle can carry all the information about the movement of water molecules, their ratio different from one place to another in rainfall. Stable isotopes are the function of evaporation, relative humidity, temperature and different longitude, latitude and altitude. On this base. A total of 28 water sample (20 samples were analyzed for major ions and 8 samples for stable isotopes) were collected for two periods to study the origin and the type of groundwater in the area between Lesser Zab and the Tigris river The Results indicated that groundwater samples in the study area are brackish saline water and excessively mineralized water. The average groundwater was classified as Mg-Na-Calcium: Cl-Sulfate for two periods. The groundwater samples represent earth alkali with privilege sulfate and chloride according to the piper diagram. The mean values of 18H and 2O in the groundwater sample are -27.7 and -4.9, respectively for the dry period, and -29.8 and -5.2, respectively, for the wet period. The d-excess varies significantly depending on the humidity and temperature at the vapor source. Isotopic analysis of 2H -18O for groundwater in the study area shows that the origin of groundwater in the study area is of meteoric origin from global source and rain from a local source. The downward shifting of the regression line on the 2H-18O diagram indicates that the samples have undergone evaporation events.