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Risk Factor of Hypertension among Adolescence: A Literature Review

Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases whose numbers continue to increase in both developed and developing countries. This increase in prevalence will increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Current developments, hypertension can also occur in the teen age group. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for hypertension that occur in adolescence. A literature review was conducted from 55 references sources and 10 article was eligible to this study. Data source using Science Direct, Proquest, SAGE dan Springer Link which published since 2007 until 2017. The results of the analysis of hypertension risk factors in adolescents showed that groups of adolescents with overweight and obesity had a higher risk of developing hypertension. Family history, high consumption of salt, consumption of cigarettes and low physical activity also increase the risk of hypertension. The development of adolescent hypertension can also be predicted through wrist circumferences, high waist circumference and high levels of fat in the blood. Overweight and obesity in adolescents characterized by an increase in body mass index are the most common risk factors for hypertension in adolescents. These risk factors can be reduced through efforts to lose weight and make modifications to healthy lifestyles such as consuming healthy foods, increasing physical activity and preventing smoking cigarettes.