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An Eco-driving Strategy for an Electric Bus: IPMSM Drive-train

The specific energy (kWh/kg) in energy storage systems (ESS) [capacitors and batteries] presents a major stumbling block into the wild breakthrough of electric vehicles(EVs). Consequently, this results into less mileage coverage by EVs which is further exacerbated by the less accessibility of EV charging infrastructures. Even if EV chargers are available, the low C-rate in batteries impedes the charging process. As a result, EV manufacturers increase on board battery sizes in EVs. Unfortunately, this make EVs to be heavy and therefore more expensive as compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Therefore it becomes extremely imperative that the onboard energy must be used optimally during a drive schedule. This paper develops a Matlab/Simulink electric bus model based on the insert permanent magnet synchronous machine drive train and then uses it to come up with an energy-efficient driving strategy. Optimal velocities were then generated for each road gradient of the drive route. When compared to a conventional velocity profile, consumption rate of approximately 8.9% can be saved on the (8360−8910m) range that have a road gradient of 0.076.