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Effects of early choline deficiency on brain growth in chicks.

Abstract INTRODUCTION CHOLINE deficiency has been studied in laying hens (Nesheim et al., 1967; Burns and Ackerman, 1955) where it has been established that the deficiency leads to a decrease in the size of the egg produced, a diminished egg production, and a decreased viability of the fertile egg. The latter phenomenon has led to the characterization of choline as a “hatchability factor” (Balloun, 1956). Although choline deficiency has been the subject of several studies in growing chicks (Fritz et al., 1967; Deeb and Thornton, 1959), the deficient state in the newly hatched bird has not been so extensively studied (Schaeffer et al., 1950). These workers (Schaeffer et al., 1950) observed that a high mortality rate exists for such chicks and that vitamin B12 and folic acid decreased the severity of the effects of choline deficiency. We have been interested in studying the effects of choline deprivation on the rate of…