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African livestock systems research, 1975-2018.

Abstract
 Livestock systems research (LSR) at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) sought to answer two questions: (1) What are the major livestock systems in the sub-Saharan Africa tropics and subtropics? (2) What technical and organizational changes can be introduced into these systems to make them productive? This chapter reports the answers of decades of research at ILRI, its predecessors and its principal partners to these questions. The chapter also examines the scientific and development impacts of LSR since the 1970s, and whether the development impacts of LSR be distinguished from long-term trends in African livestock systems.