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The world of molecular recognition.

Molecular recognition is one of the intriguing phenomena in chemical and biological systems involving more or less complex intermolecular associations which can be regarded as the molecular communication system of the chemical world. It is a basic principle of various molecular regulation processes in cellular, biological and artificial molecular systems ensuring that chemical information is transmitted properly and faithfully. While the level of complexity may vary considerably, some characteristic features are common to all such intermolecular recognition and association events that are subsumed under this term, in both biological and artificial systems. The associating entities are in contact for an extended time as compared to their non-specific initial collisional contact. Spatial factors in host and guest molecules must allow their 3-dimensional fit in terms of steric, electrostatic and hydrophobic parameters as to enable their binding by multiple synchronous non-covalent interaction forces. Such supra-molecular selforganization is a highly dynamic process and often involves flexible, conformational and induced fit phenomena to minimize internal surface areas not being saturated intermolecularly and thereby maximize the binding strength. In the common perception, it is this multiplicity of simultaneously active binding forces that are involved and constrained to a specific region of the host molecule, which gives rise to a distinction between systems that are categorized as ones acting by molecular recognition as opposed to those constituting non-specific binding. In fact, these multiple non-covalent bonds that are formed selectively due to the narrow spatial constraints are at the origin of specificity of the given system due to the result of a much higher binding strength and affinity over other more or less dissimilar molecules. This is the key of molecular recognition and enables a receptorial molecular entity to recognize a specific molecule and distinguish it from an ensemble of other molecules in that system. Ultimately, it is the high specificity that secures the proper molecular information string.