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Teaching Competency of Teacher-Trainees in Relation to their Emotional Intelligence

Good teachers are responsible for improving the quality of its citizens. The effectiveness of a teacher mainly depends upon his competency towards teaching. Competency is an important human trait or characteristics, which contributes to learning, problem solving and all round development of personality. To acquire favorable competency a person should be emotionally intelligent. He should have the ability to manage and control his emotions and to understand the emotions of others. So the present study was done to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and teaching competency. 200 teacher-trainees were taken from different B.ed colleges of rohtak district. Emotional Intelligence Inventory by Dr S.K Mangal and Dr. Shubra Mangal and Teaching Competency Inventory by Dr. B.K Passi were used to collect the data. The findings of present research revealed perfect positive relationship between the emotional intelligence and teaching competency of teacher-trainees whereas sex factor has no impact on the level of emotional intelligence. Introduction We are in the beginning of a new century. Today intelligence and success are not viewed as the same way as they were before. New theories of intelligence have been introduced and are gradually replacing the traditional theory. Now it has established that I.Q. accounts only 20% of a person’s success in life. The balance 80% can be attributed by emotional intelligence i.e. E.Q. Emotions can be useful in terms of directing attention. Emotions can be used to facilitate certain kind of cognitive processes. According to Gardner (1995) I.Q is only a minor predictor of success in life while emotional and social skills are far better predictors of success and wellbeing of a person However, the term emotional intelligence was used for the first time in 1966 by a German Psychologist called Leuner. Dr. John Mayer and Dr. Peter Salovey were two psychologists from yale university coined the phrase emotional intelligence in 1990 in the journal ‘Imagination, Cognition, Personality’. In this they attempt to develop a scientific measure for knowing the difference in people’s ability in the areas of emotions. The concept of emotional intelligence gained popularity through Goleman’s (1995) best seller titled ‘Emotional Intelligence’. He defined emotional intelligence in 1998 as ‘Emotional Intelligence refers to the capacity of recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and our relationships. The concept of emotional intelligence has brought a revolution in the field of child care, home, school and work place management. If the proper efforts are made for training the emotions and developing proper E.Q. potential among the people right from their childhood, then it will surely help in bringing mutual emotional understanding, empathy accompanied with right actions and behavior on the part of the individual and groups to lead better life in peace and co-operation. Importance of EQ Development Why it is necessary to develop EQ? The reason is that people with high EQ are happier, healthier and more successful in relationships. These people strike a balance between emotion and reason, are more aware of their own feelings, show empathy and compassion for others and have high self-esteem. Emotional intelligence can be place and can help to achieve organizational effectiveness. One also needs high EQ for making the right decisions and solving problems. Some of the immediate benefits of high EQ are that it can lead to increase productivity, enhanced leadership skills, improved responsiveness and greater creativity. It can also create an enthusiastic work environment, reduce stress levels and resolve emotional issues, improve the well-being of employees and improve relationships all round. Emotional traits are factors that are most likely to ensure success in life. The more complex the job is , the more important is emotional intelligence. Operational Definitions of the Terms Used Emotional Intelligence It is ability to recognize, acknowledge, manage and handle the emotions in such a way that promotes personal growth. Emotionally Intelligent people know the real reason for their emotions and thus they don’t confuse them with other factors nor do they get their past involved in the decisions they take. Emotional Intelligence comprises of elements like selfawareness, managing emotions, self-motivation, empathy and social skills. Salovey and Mayer (1997) “Emotional Intelligence involves the ability to perceive accurately, the appraisal and expression of emotions; the ability to access and /or generate feelings when they facilitate thought; the ability to understand emotion and emotional knowledge and the ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth.”


Introduction
We are in the beginning of a new century. Today intelligence and success are not viewed as the same way as they were before. New theories of intelligence have been introduced and are gradually replacing the traditional theory. Now it has established that I.Q. accounts only 20% of a person's success in life. The balance 80% can be attributed by emotional intelligence i.e. E.Q. Emotions can be useful in terms of directing attention. Emotions can be used to facilitate certain kind of cognitive processes. According to Gardner (1995) I.Q is only a minor predictor of success in life while emotional and social skills are far better predictors of success and wellbeing of a person However, the term emotional intelligence was used for the first time in 1966 by a German Psychologist called Leuner. Dr. John Mayer and Dr. Peter Salovey were two psychologists from yale university coined the phrase emotional intelligence in 1990 in the journal 'Imagination, Cognition, Personality'. In this they attempt to develop a scientific measure for knowing the difference in people's ability in the areas of emotions. The concept of emotional intelligence gained popularity through Goleman's (1995) best seller titled 'Emotional Intelligence'. He defined emotional intelligence in 1998 as 'Emotional Intelligence refers to the capacity of recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and our relationships. The concept of emotional intelligence has brought a revolution in the field of child care, home, school and work place management. If the proper efforts are made for training the emotions and developing proper E.Q. potential among the people right from their childhood, then it will surely help in bringing mutual emotional understanding, empathy accompanied with right actions and behavior on the part of the individual and groups to lead better life in peace and co-operation.

Importance of EQ Development
Why it is necessary to develop EQ? The reason is that people with high EQ are happier, healthier and more successful in relationships. These people strike a balance between emotion and reason, are more aware of their own feelings, show empathy and compassion for others and have high self-esteem. Emotional intelligence can be place and can help to achieve organizational effectiveness. One also needs high EQ for making the right decisions and solving problems. Some of the immediate benefits of high EQ are that it can lead to increase productivity, enhanced leadership skills, improved responsiveness and greater creativity. It can also create an enthusiastic work environment, reduce stress levels and resolve emotional issues, improve the well-being of employees and improve relationships all round. Emotional traits are factors that are most likely to ensure success in life. The more complex the job is , the more important is emotional intelligence.

Operational Definitions of the Terms Used Emotional Intelligence
It is ability to recognize, acknowledge, manage and handle the emotions in such a way that promotes personal growth. Emotionally Intelligent people know the real reason for their emotions and thus they don't confuse them with other factors nor do they get their past involved in the decisions they take.
Emotional Intelligence comprises of elements like selfawareness, managing emotions, self-motivation, empathy and social skills.
Salovey and Mayer (1997) "Emotional Intelligence involves the ability to perceive accurately, the appraisal and expression of emotions; the ability to access and /or generate feelings when they facilitate thought; the ability to understand emotion and emotional knowledge and the ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth."

Teaching Competency
Competency is an important human trait or characteristics, which contributes to learning, problem solving and all round development of personality. Teaching competency is one or more abilities of teacher to produce agreed upon educational effects.

Statement of the Problem
A Study of Teaching Competency of Teacher-Trainees in relation to their Emotional Intelligence

ReseaRch PaPeR
Objectives of the study 1. To study the level of Emotional Intelligence of teachertrainees. 2. To study the level of teaching competency of teachertrainees. 3. To find out the difference between the emotional intelligence of male and female teacher-trainees. 4. To study the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Teaching Competency of teacher-trainees.

Hypotheses
1. There is no significant difference between the Emotional Intelligence of the male and female teachertrainees. 2. There is significant relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Teaching Competency of teacher-trainees.

Method Used
Descriptive survey method was used in the present study.

Sample
For the present study investigator selected 200 teachertrainees from the different B.ed colleges of Rohtak district of haryana. Out of 200 teacher-trainees 100 were male and 100 were females.

Tools Used
The following tools have been used in the present study.
Procedure of the study 2oo teacher-trainees were given the above tests with short introductions and instructions. They were asked to fill their responses in the answer-sheets. The data collected from them were scored following the scoring procedure in the manual.

Statistical Techniques Used
Keeping the nature of the study and the nature of objectives the investigator used following statistical techniques which helped in the analysis and interpretation of data.

Analysis and Interpretation of Data
From the collected data, firstly mean was calculated. After this standard deviation and significant difference of each group was calculated with the help of t-test to study the difference in Emotional Intelligence of male and female teacher-trainees. From the Table1 we find out that the calculated mean is 56.68 for males and 59.32 for females. The S.D in the case of male is 9.31 and female is 9.76. Obtained t-value is 1.3, which is not significant at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance, which means that there is no significant difference between the Emotional Intelligence of male and female teacher-trainees. So the hypothesis H1 stating that there is no significant difference in the Emotional Intelligence of male and female teacher-trainees is retained.  From Table 2, it is observed that the score of Emotional Intelligence and Teaching competency of teacher-trainees was found to be 0.72 that means there exits high co-relation between emotional intelligence and teaching competency. So, Hypothesis H2 stating there is significant difference between emotional intelligence and teaching competency of teacher-trainees is retained.

Main Findings
1. There lies no significant difference in the Emotional Intelligence of male and female teacher-trainees. The computed t-value is 1.3 is insignificant at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance. Similarly (1999), Smith (2000), Sanjeev (2001) , Dimple & Naginder (2014) found no significant difference in the Emotional Intelligence of male and females.

There lies significant relationship between Emotional
Intelligence and Teaching competency of teachertrainees. The value of r 0.72 is positively significant. Navita & Shivalik (2012) reported positive relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Teaching attitude of B.ed students.
Educational Implications  No research can be said to be complete in itself especially in behavioral science. The present study has adequately dealt with emotional intelligence and teaching competency of B.ed students. The findings of the study are important to educational thinkers, teachers, psychologists and other who are concerned with the sphere of education.  From the findings of the study it is observed that the male and female student teachers don't differ significantly with respect to their teaching competency and emotional intelligence. Hence they should be treated at par as criteria for selecting teachers.  A significant correlation between emotional intelligence and teaching competency shows that the students having high emotional intelligence are better for teaching because they have high teaching competency.  The results of the present study indicate that the atmosphere of school should be developed in such a manner that it helps in the development of emotional intelligence of the students. Effective teachers should be employed in the schools and colleges because emotionally intelligent teachers are more competent than the less emotionally intelligent teachers.  One of the implications of the present study is of great importance in developing curriculum, text book, designing educational programs and method of teaching etc. all should be modeled in such a fashion that they can utilize their energies in the right direction.  It is therefore most important for student teachers to develop the emotional intelligence to become a perfect teacher.

Suggestions for Further Research
The following studies related to the present study can be undertaken: • The same study can also be done on other population of B.Ed students of Haryana. • The same study can be undertaken in other states and union territories of the country also. • A comparative study of emotional intelligence in relation to teaching competency of ng teachers. • A comparative study of competency towards teaching of any other teacher education programme like N.T.T, D.I.E.T can be made. • A comparative study of emotional intelligence of B.Ed and J.B.T students toward teaching competency can be made. • A study of relationship between emotional intelligence and teaching attitude of B.Ed students can be undertaken • A comparative study of emotional intelligence of male and female students can be done. • A study can be concluded to study the impact of various factors like age, sex, environment conditions on emotional intelligence.\ • A comparative study of emotional intelligence of urban and rural students can be undertaken. • A study can be done by taking other variables like mental health, job anxiety, academic achievement could be taken.