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On the hygroscopic growth of ammoniated sulfate particles of non-stoichiometric composition

The hygroscopic growth of ammoniated sulfate particles was studied by measurements and model calculations for particles with varying ammonium-to-sulfate ratio. In the measurements, the ammonium-to-sulfate ratio was adjusted by using mixtures of ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate in generating the solid particles. The hy5 groscopic growth was measured using a tandem di erential mobility analyzer. The measurements were simulated using a thermodynamical equilibrium model. The calculations indicated that the solid phases in particle with ammonium-to-sulfate ratio between 1.5‐2, were ammonium sulfate and letovicite. Both in the calculations and in the experiments the hygroscopic growth was initiated at relative humidities less than the 10 theoretical deliquescence relative humidity of these particles. This indicates that the particles were multi-phase particles including solids and liquids. The equilibrium model yielded a satisfactory prediction of the hygroscopic growth of particles generated from a solution with 1:1 mass ratio between dissolved ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate. However, for particles with 3:1 and 10:1 mass ratios, the model predictions 15