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Nuciferine prevents bone loss by disrupting multinucleated osteoclast formation and promoting type H vessel formation

Recently, type H vessels were reported to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis during osteoclastogenesis, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (Trap)+ preosteoclasts were found to secrete increased PDGF‐BB to promote type H vessel formation. Therefore, utilization of type H vessels may be a strategy to treat diseases involving bone loss. In the present study, we found that nuciferine, a natural bioactive compound, has various effects, including inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting type H vessel formation. Nuciferine inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption but increased the relative number of Trap+ preosteoclasts. Nuciferine restrained the expression of osteoclast‐specific genes and proteins, promoted PDGF‐BB production and potentiated related angiogenic activities by inhibiting the MAPK and NF‐κB signaling pathways in vitro. We confirmed the bone‐protective effects of nuciferine in ovariectomized mice and found that nuciferine treatment increased the PDGF‐BB concentration and the number of type H vessels in the femur. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that nuciferine can decrease multinucleated osteoclast formation and promote type H vessel formation through preservation of Trap+ preosteoclasts via inhibition of the MAPK and NF‐κB signaling pathways and may be an excellent agent for the treatment of diseases involving bone loss.