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Congenital hypothyroidism: Its profile in infancy

Thyroid hormones play an important role in the physical development, neuronal growth and influence various metabolic processes of the newborn. Their deficiency or a defect in thyroid hormone receptor activity may present as congenital hypothyroidism. This may lead to irreversible mental and physical growth retardation. Interestingly majority of the neonates with congenital hypothyroidism appear to be normal. These facts led us to review this entity in infancy. Therefore, initiation of early treatment becomes essential. Levothyroxine is the drug of choice and its dosage should be adjusted with biochemical hormone assays. The untoward effects of congenital hypothyroidism are largely reversible, if treated before the age of 6 weeks, a very easily affordable help in curtailing the morbidity among these newborns. Genetic counseling and routine examination of siblings is very essential.