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Handover Procedure and Algorithm in Vehicle to Infrastructure Visible Light Communication

In vehicle-to-infrastructure visible light communication (V2IVLC) systems, the vehicle receives data from LED street lights that are placed along both sides of a street. At a certain time, a vehicle communicates with only one group of LEDs. As the vehicle moves, it needs to switch the communication from the current LED group to the next group. Because of the fast movement of the vehicle and the small coverage of each LED group, the handover between the LED groups is a difficult problem. This paper proposes an entire handover procedure for a V2IVLC system. The main point of this procedure is a distance-based probabilistic algorithm for the determining of the handover switching time. The switching time is chosen to maximize the signal quality subject to a constraint, so that the missing handover rate is lower than a predetermined threshold. The proposed algorithm is verified through simulations. The results show that the proposed handover algorithm can provide a high signal quality of the communication within a reasonable missing handover rate.