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Physiological Adjustments to Low Temperature in the Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

The kangaroo rat is a nocturnal desert rodent that survives without drinking and is active throughout the year. Its water balance makes it a striking example of physiological adaptation to the desert (Schmidt-Nielsen 1964). The habitats and behavioral adaptations of the kangaroo rat have been reported (Schmidt-Nielsen 1964; Carpenter 1966). The thermoneutral zone is reported to extend from about 26 to 36 C (Carpenter 1966) and from 31 to 34 C (Dawson 1955). The only known metabolic responses of the kangaroo rat to temperatures below the thermoneutral zone is an increase in metabolic rate (Dawson 1955; Carpenter 1966) after a few hours' exposure. The objectives of the following report were to study the effects of exposures to 5 C for 1 week and for 4 weeks. Observations were made on metabolic rate, body weight, body composition, organ weights, and hematology.