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Analysis of visual evoked responses in multiple sclerosis.

In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) the modification of the latency of visual evoked responses (VER's) shows sequels of the involvement of anterior optic tracts manifested by a retro-bulbar optic neuritis (RBON). This study was made on 102 patients with MS. The stimulus used the pattern reversal of a checkboard. The influence of the size and squares 8' and 20' chosen as stimulus has been first studied in patients with antecedents of RBON. Using the 8' squares, all eyes with a history of RBON had pathological VER's. When there is no clinical antecedent of RBON, this means of stimulation enabled us to detect sequels of RBON. In "definitive" and "probable" MS, 100% of patients had pathological VER's either for both eyes of a single eyes. In "possible" MS a sequel of RBON was demonstrated in 57% of this population without clinical antecedent of RBON. A correlation between VER's result and the ophthalmological examination (visual acuity, fundoscopic examination and acquired dyschromatopsie) was made. Although VER's are an excellent method for detecting the sequels of RBON in MS. VER's abnormalities have no etiological significance, they are observed in other neurological involvements of anterior optic tracts. These different points are discussed and a physiological interpretation of VER's abnormalities is proposed.