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Windmills (Asbads): remarkable example of Iranian sustainable architecture

Ab s t r a c t The structures such as windmills (Asbads), which are remained from past to add to the knowledge and understandings of the today and future generations, are the indicators of creativity of our ancestors and ancient people. Windmills, dating back to 2800 years ago, are among the oldest examples of using the power of nature by human beings. In Netherland and other European countries, some windmills which are similar to Iranian windmills have been found. Some believe that the art of windmill building was transferred from Iran to the European countries during the Crusade. Because of blowing a type of wind called 120-day wind in Iran, people of Sistan Province made several attempts to exploit the power of this wind. As a result, they invented the Windmills, which are considered as one of the most important inventions of human, to both control and take advantage of the wind power. The present study is of descriptive-analytical type. Data gathering was done in library and by means of fieldwork method. To this end, the Lutak, Neshtifan, and Nehbandan mills, located in Sistan Province, were studied. Following the study of the mill history of Sistan Province and southeast of Iran, the quotations from foreign tourists as well as the stand and the function of the mills in Iran ’s architecture were investigated. It is noteworthy that the functional elements of the mills are designed according to the aerodynamics rules. This fact suggests that the builders of these mills were cognizant of the capacity and behavior of the wind to satisfy the daily needs of people. It also is a proof for the updated technology of people of that era and the reason for the continuity and uniqueness of these mills throughout the centuries.