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Large-Scale Constellation Design for the Internet of Space Things/CubeSats

The increasing popularity of CubeSats has given rise to the possibility of ubiquitous cyber-physical systems, known as the Internet of Space Things/CubeSats, serving a wide variety of applications that range from monitoring and reconnaissance to in-space backhauling. Expectedly, such systems are characterized by the need for global coverage and consistent connectivity, and, thus, optimal constellation design is of great importance to system architects. The significance of optimal constellation design comes from the fact that it has a direct impact on the cost, scalability, and effectiveness of the system. However, the constellation design methodologies present today do not scale well beyond a few dozen satellites, severely impacting the system's potential. To this end, a large-scale optimal constellation design framework is presented in this paper. The proposed framework is geared towards achieving global coverage with robust connectivity, and can scale well for several hundred CubeSats, making it a perfect fit for the Internet of Space Things/CubeSats. Further, a performance comparison is conducted with several state-of-the-art constellations to validate the efficacy of our constellation design.