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Fundamental And Parametric Considerations For Numerical Rain Simulation In A Wind Tunnel

A climatic wind tunnel (CWT) is an important testing facility to study the effect of different environmental conditions on test objects of interest. CWTs are equipped with wind blowing nozzles and water supply systems that are capable to simulate precipitations. Natural rainfall appears as a simple phenomenon, consisting of distinct droplets of water falling from an elevated height. However, simulating rainfall in a wind tunnel is a complex process due to confined space and different droplet formation mechanism as compared to nature. This paper presents the parameters that should be considered when simulating rainfall inside a CWT, including the size of droplets produced from a rain simulation device, falling height for the droplets, and wind speed; which can affect the resulting simulated rainfall characteristics of droplet kinetic energy, impact angle, and size distribution. A computational method is used to perform these parametric considerations. The derived inter-relationships of the parameters serve as a guideline for simulating realistic rainfall characteristics in a CWT, which is believed to be beneficial for numerous research fields. The usage of this guideline is demonstrated with an example of an arbitrary rain test condition. Keywords-rain simulation; natural rainfall characteristics; multiphase modeling; climatic wind tunnel