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Electron microscopy of virulent phages for Streptococcus lactis

Electron microscopic studies were made on eight virulent Streptococcus lactis bacteriophages. These phages were taken as representative of eight host range groups established in a study of 75 phage isolates and 253 hosts (213 S. lactis, 22 S. cremoris, 18 S. diacetilactis). The phages studied were shown to have an isometric hexagonal head and noncontractile tails, usually several times longer than the head diameter. The virus heads were octahedral. The phages investigated represented three morphological types on the basis of head diameter , tail thickness, and tail length. These dimensions were approximately: for type I phages, 63, 172, and 11 nm, respectively; type II, 73, 200, and 20 nm, respectively; and type III, represented here by a single phage, 98, 551, and 12 nm, respectively. The tail surface revealed a different arrangment of the structural subunits which lent a helical appearance to the tails of type I and II phages and a guaffered tube appearance to the tail of type III phage. The number of turns along the tail axis, turn length, axial pitch, and helix angle were: type I, 32, 12 to 13 nm, 7.14 nm, and 11 degrees 43', respectively; type II, 24, 24, to 28 nm, 40.00 nm, and 32 degrees 30', respectively; and type III, 120, 12 nm, and no visible slope towards the axis. The morphology types showed complete correlation with serological groups, but not with groups based on host range pattern.