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Intracranial Aneurysm Phantom Segmentation Using a 4D Lattice Boltzmann Method

This article proposes a 4D segmentation method by considering the 3D t data as a 4D hyper object, using a D4Q81 lattice in a lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (LBGK) simulation, where time is considered a fourth dimension for defining directions of particle momentum in the LBGK model. They implemented 4D-LBGK on 20 4D hypersphere and hypercube images with varying amounts of Gaussian noise added (0–300 percent). The average Dice values were 94.56 and 93.35 percent for the hypersphere and hypercube segmentations, respectively, demonstrating good segmentation accuracy. They also applied 4D-LBGK on 4D intracranial aneurysm CTA images and compared the results to five established segmentation methods, demonstrating that the proposed method is accurate and robust. The aneurysm segmentation was subsequently used in a LBGK-based biomechanics simulation to provide potentially novel information for understanding the physiology and treatment of intracranial aneurysms.