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Influence on Electrochemical Properties of Different Types of Manganese Oxides

Manganese oxides have been widely studied as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries because they have many advantages such as high theoretical capacity, abundant resources, low price and low environmental tox-icity. In this paper, various manganese oxide materials, i.e., MnO2,
 Mn3O4, MnO, (FeO)0.331(MnO)0.669 were prepared by facile methods. The above compounds were then characterized through X-ray diffraction spec-troscopy (XRD). The oxidation states of Mn in these compounds were found to be: +4, +3/+2, +2 and +2 each
 of them corresponding to a different crystal system, respectively: hexagonal, tetragonal cubic, cubic. The electrochemical properties of these four different manganese oxides, used as anode materials, were investigated to find the possible relationship between their valence states, crystal
 systems and their electrochemical properties. The results show that their electrochemical properties are influenced by their crystal system and cell parameters, while incorporating FeO into MnO has an activation effect on the reversible lithium ion in the batteries.