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Long-term changes in water quality and ecological status of lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone with special reference to effectiveness of the lakes’ protection

Abstract This paper evaluates water quality and ecological status of lakes located in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone. Changes in water quality were analyzed from 1974 to 2012 in order to assess the effectiveness of the protection strategies implemented on the studied lakes since 1957, i.e. the date when the park was established. The ecological status of the lakes was assessed with the use of macrophytes as well as hydromorphological and physicochemical analyses performed in 2012. Changes in water quality of the studied lakes within the last 40 years were analyzed based on available published and unpublished data, as well as field studies. All water bodies are characterized by advanced eutrophication. However, evaluation of the ecological status showed good status of the charophyte-dominated lakes, i.e. Lake Wielkowiejskie and Lake Budzyńskie. Lack of significant differences in physicochemical water qualities between the park and its buffer zone indicated that measures implemented to protect the water, particularly in the park, are ineffective. This study shows that more radical conservation measures are necessary to protect and improve the water quality, not only in WPN and its buffer zone but also in the whole catchment area.