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Genetic background affects gene expression in response to dietary phosphorus in the kidney of pigs

Phosphorus (P) plays a vital role in growth and development of animals, and the role of the kidney as a major regulator of P homeostasis is well known. However, little research has focused on the genetic mechanisms regulating P homeostasis by the kidney. In this study, we examined the influence of two genetic backgrounds on the expression of a variety of genes in the kidney in response to dietary P levels. Thirty‐six gilts (21d of age, 6.63 ± 0.78kg) from 6 litters (3 pigs/litter) for each of 2 sire lines were allotted into 3 dietary treatment groups: P adequate (+P, 0.41% available P), P repletion (RP, 0.14% available P for wk 1, 0.41% available P for wk 2), or P deficient (−P, 0.14% available P) for 2 wks. Using real‐time PCR, we quantified the gene expression of IGF1, IGFBP3, IGFBP5, growth hormone receptor (GHR), parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR), calcitonin receptor (CALCR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), and estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) in the kidney of these pigs. The expression of CALCR, OXTR and PTHR message were significantly affected by dietary P and by the interaction of genetic background and dietary P (P<0.05). The interaction between genetic background and dietary P also affected (P<0.05) the expression of ESR1, IGF1 and VDR. Our results demonstrate that there are significant interactions between nutrition and genetic background that affect gene expression in the kidney of pigs. These genes may provide targets or lead to strategies to increase the efficiency of growth in domestic animals in a more environmentally friendly manner.