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Biomarkers and Spectroscopic Methods: The Strategies for Diagnostics of Selected Diseases



 There are many different tools for diagnostics of various diseases.
One of the simplest approach for the early, rapid and accurate diagnosis represents
determination of biomarkers.

Focus: In the following text, we describe review of the latest discoveries in the field of
biomarkers of selected diseases: intestinal ischemia and atherosclerosis. The aim of this
review article is to show the problems which the researchers have been dealing with in the
process of discovering and establishing novel biomarkers. This work describes the
possibilities of monitoring biomarkers from noninvasive samples such as tears. Additionally,
the actual possibilities of the spectroscopy techniques in monitoring and diagnostics of
selected diseases are mentioned which might replace the need of biomarkers of several
diseases.

Prospect: For the most diagnostic purposes, biomarkers should be analyzed in body fluid
samples. For the biofluids, metabolic signatures could be determined, although there is no
consensus on possible biomarkers yet. Metabolomics, the comprehensive, qualitative, and
quantitative study of secondary metabolites and signaling molecules reveal a wide range of
dysregulated molecules in various diseases. However, using spectroscopic methods could
contribute to the traditional view on biomarkers by monitoring the relevant tissues and body
fluid samples.
