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Electrical conductivities of minerals and rocks in the Earth crust, upper mantle, mantle transition zone and subduction zone

Magnetotelluric results have confirmed that there are many high conductivity anomalies in the deep Earth interior. To explain these available cases of high conductivity anomalies, we have undertaken insitu measured electrical conductivities for a series of representative minerals and rocks occurring in the deep Earth by virtue of a multi-anvil press and a Solartron-1260 impedance spectroscopy analyzer (e.g. albite and granite in the deep Earth crust [1-2], olivine, pyroxene, garnet and peridotite in the upper mantle [3-10], wadsleyite in the mantle transition zone [11], and as well as eclogite, epidote, mudstone, gneiss and amphibole in the subduction zone [12-16]) at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Some crucial conclusions are summarized as follows: the pre-exponential factor of hydrogen-assisted electrical conductivity of Fe-bearing silicate minerals and rocks dependence on water content was determined as r = 0.6‒1.0; the main conduction mechanisms for anhydrous and hydrous Fe-bearing silicate minerals are small polaron and hydrogen-related defects, respectively; Geophysical observations for the high conductivity anomaly in the asthenosphere and mantle transition zone can be explained by a high water content or high electrical conductivity anisotropy; However, dry natural eclogite with different oxygen fugacities cannot explain the high conductivity anomaly in the region of the Dabie–Sulu ultrahighpressure metamorphic belt. Furthermore, the dehydration reaction and dehydrogenation effects of some representative hydrous minerals and rocks such as Fe-bearing epidote, Fe-bearing amphibole and mudstone can be used to reasonably explain the high conductivity anomaly in a subduction zone.