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Impact of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on post-coronary artery bypass interleukin 6 release

Background: Angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce morbidity and mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). This benefit may result from an anti-inflammatory action. Objective: To examine the effect of ACE inhibition on interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations after CABG. Patients and methods: 161 patients undergoing elective first time CABG were recruited, of whom 41 (25%) were receiving ACE inhibitor treatment; 21 patients with confounding postoperative complications were excluded. After these exclusions there were 33 patients (24%) on ACE inhibitor treatment. Plasma IL-6 was measured preoperatively and again six hours after CABG. Results: Baseline IL-6 concentrations (geometric mean (SEM)) were non-significantly lower among the patients receiving ACE inhibitors (3.7 (0.1) v 4.3 (0.1) pg/ml, p = 0.12). Overall, post-CABG IL-6 concentrations increased significantly (mean rise 177 (12) pg/ml, p < 0.0005). This response was blunted among ACE inhibitor treated patients. Median increases in IL-6 concentrations were 117 v 193 pg/ml, for treated v non-treated patients, respectively (Kruskal–Wallis, p = 0.02), with peak postoperative IL-6 concentrations lower among the subjects receiving ACE inhibitors than in untreated subjects (142 (19) v 196 (13) pg/ml, p = 0.02). The effect of ACE inhibitors remained significant after multivariate analysis (p = 0.018). Conclusions: ACE inhibitor treatment is associated with a reduction in IL-6 response to CABG. The data suggest that this class of drug may have a direct anti-inflammatory effect, which could explain some of its clinical benefit.