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Industry 4.0 and Educational Strategies

Over recent decades, manufacturing industries in advanced economies have changed dramatically, due mainly to forces of globalisation and technological disruption, leading to a new model of manufacturing known as Industry 4.0. These changes have generated new demand for competences, and hence new demand for education and training paths for employee skills development. I address this issue empirically through a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. I surveyed 26 top managers operating in four advanced manufacturing industries (biotech, engineering, fashion and new materials) in five European countries (Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom). The results show a set of factors associated with companies’ training strategies and employees’ educational attainment that have the greatest power to explain high levels of firms’ educational match, and a set of factors leading to firms’ educational mismatch. The paper elaborates on these findings and highlights policy implications for educational interve...