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Haemophilus ducreyi and chancroid


 Haemophilus ducreyi is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus that is the cause of chancroid. The condition was endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean, but the overall global incidence of the condition has decreased dramatically since the mid-1990s. After an incubation period of 4–10 days, presentation is with a tender genital papule that develops into a pustule and then an ulcer with a ragged undermined edge and a yellow base that bleeds readily. The usual sites of infection in men are the prepuce and coronal sulcus, and in women the labia minora and fourchette. Inguinal lymphadenopathy is found in about half the male cases. Chancroid is an important risk factor for the transmission of HIV infection. HIV infection may result in atypical manifestations of chancroid.
 Nucleic acid amplification tests are the optimal method of diagnosing H. ducreyi. Treatment is with either ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, or ceftriaxone.