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A Discrete Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation Dynamic Self-Regulating Energy Management Scheme for Smart Grid Applications

Abstract The paper presents a novel discrete search optimisation technique to dynamically and optimally select the capacitor-bank size for loss reduction and energy management system of distribution/utilisation systems using either fixed or switched capacitor bank stages selected online using a discrete multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (DMOPSO) technique. The novel search and optimisation approach is implemented to compromise a number of conflicting objectives/goals including minimum load-bus voltage deviation, minimisation of source root-mean-square current for feeder-capacity release, reduction of feeder loss and total harmonic distortion of currents and voltages as well as the maximum power factor in a global complex optimality-search multi-objective problem. The correct (on-off) timing/switching intervals for the four solid-state switches for capacitor bank switching stages in addition to the fixed base-capacitor bank originally selected by the DMOPSO search and optimisation technique.