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Book Review: Walls Built on Sand: Migration, Exclusion, and Society in Kuwait

The next section of the book uses international examples of how ethnicity matters. Chapters 10 to 16 include discussions of Belgium, Japan, Switzerland, and India. While this part of the book was a fascinating read, it was not well-linked to the main thesis. Petersen tells convincing stories about these groups in various settings and even draws parallels to U.S. groups (such as the similarities between Belgian Flemings and American blacks), bur these chapters do not illuminate the problem of how to better tabulate ethnic groups. In fact, there is relatively little reference to the problem of enumeration in this section. Finally, the author comes back to his thesis regarding ethnic identity and the problem ofaggregate data ofethnicity, Here, he suggests that aggregation of data depends on the boundaries individuals demarcate. For instance, the Census Bureau asks every American Indian to identify his/her tribe when tribal identity is not always relevant to individuals, but Asian subgroups are often lumped together even though they are more likely to differentiate themselves. While this is one of the few attempts in the monograph to address the issue of improving data collection, Petersen misses the point with which he began. Not only do ethnic group boundaries and identities change over time, but individual ethnic identities also change depending on context. Group boundaries often shift for political purposes, ranging from broad coalitions like Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition to narrow family associations for all Cantonese families with a particular surname. Nonetheless, Petersen's book is an interesting read on an extremely important topic.