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GROWTH HORMONE SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMAS ARE HETEROGENEOUS IN CELL CULTURE AND COMMONLY SECRETE GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONE α‐SUBUNIT

Cell culture methods were used to assess whether human pituitary adenomas secreting GH and associated with clinical acromegaly also secreted the structurally unrelated glycoprotein hormone α‐subunit. Thirty‐two tumours, together with peri‐adenomatous tissue from two of them and three normal pituitaries were studied. Anterior pituitary hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay and included PRL, TSH, LH, FSH, and ACTH, as well as GH and α‐subunit. Normal pituitary tissues secreted all hormones assayed. All 32 tumours secreted GH ranging from 241 to 5556 ng/2 × 105 cells/24 h and 12 (37·5%) secreted α‐subunit in amounts which could not be accounted for by cross‐reaction of other hormones or contamination by normal pituitary tissue, and which ranged from 10·3 to 73·5 ng/2 × 105 cells/24 h. Ten other tumours also secreted α‐subunit but in very small amounts, not exceeding 1·8 ng/2 × 105 cells/ 24 h. PRL was secreted from 21 tumours (6679, and small amounts of other hormones, chiefly LH and TSH, were occasionally secreted from tumours. These cell culture studies would suggest that pituitary adenomas causing acromegaly are hormonally heterogeneous and that PRL and glycoprotein a‐subunit are commonly detected in addition to GH.