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The diagnostic value of amylase isoenzymes.

To evaluate the clinical use of isoamylase, 63 blood samples were collected from patients and 30 from controls. The method for isomylase determination is via selective inhibition by an inhibitor protein in wheat extract. The concentraction of total serum amylase, pancreatic type (P-type) isoamylase, and salivary-type (S-type) isoamylase were 200 ± 19 U/L, 105 ± 25 U/L, and 95 ± 34 U/L respectively, in normal control samples. In chronic pancreatitis, the P-type, and total amylase had no remarkable changes as compared to those of normal controls although the ratio of S-type total amylase elevated and the P-type isoamylase activity decreased. In acute pancreatitis, the P-type and total amylase activities increased, while the S-type isoamylase level remained unchanged. In mumps, the total amylase increased and the salivary contribution continued as the main component, so the S-type isoamylase in blood samples increased, and the P-type and S-type amylase were 90 ± 29U/L and 390 ± 233 U/L respectively. According to the results of this study, total amylase increased in acute pancreatitis and mumps, with the P-type being a prominent fraction in acute pancreatitis while the S-type was the main component in mumps. Thus the detection of isoamylase based on selective inhibition was found to be satisfactory for routine clinical laboratory use. Determination of serum isoamylase is convenient, inexpensive, and rapid for the detection of pancreatic function.