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Theoretical analysis of the Sagnac interferometer configuration: an optical integrated chip - a single-mode fiber coil

A complex optical transfer function of the Sagnac interferometer consisting of an integrated optical chip and a single-mode fiber coil is calculated. The fiber and the chip attenuation coefficients, refractive indices, and the lengths of the paths in the fiber and in the chip were included. To that purpose, the multiple Fresnel reflections as well as the gap width between the fiber and the chip were taken into account. By means of this transfer function, the influence of the spectral width of the light source on the level of the output signal and on the interferometer selectivity are determined. Finally, an antireflection configuration is proposed and analyzed and the influence of the polarizer and the phase modulator chip position on the interferometer selectivity are discussed.