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Validation of Heights Derived from Interferometric SAR and LIDAR over the Temperate Forest Site Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald

Estimating forest parameters from remote sensing is becoming more relevant in these days as new sensor technologies allow to derive improved data quality with higher spatial resolution and higher accuracy. The determination of forest height has been shown to be feasible from both remote sensing systems Lidar and interferometric SAR, and can serve as an input parameter to estimate forest biomass, which is the most important forest structural parameter. Within the frame of the HTO project 33-8, different new remote sensing techniques were tested and analysed at the test site “Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald” in order to estimate different heights, the canopy top and the ground topography. The ‘Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald’ is located in south-east Germany in a mountainous region ranging from 750-1130 m a.s.l and consists of three major forest zones dominated by Norway spruce. The stand structures are highly divergent ranging from natural to semi-natural to disturbed. The goal of this study was to validate and compare the forest and terrain heights retrieved from Lidar and from three interferometric SAR products: X-band digital elevation model (DEM) minus Lidar ground DEM, P-band DEM and X-minus-P-band DEM. The experimental Lidar and SAR data were acquired with airborne sensors over an area of 2 x 6 km. Inside this area, 34 test stands between 0.2-6.0 ha were chosen, each one homogeneous in species composition, height distribution and density. As a reference height served the forestry standard parameter h100, the so-called upper canopy height or top height.