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Cellulose-derived carbon dots guided growth of ZnIn2S4 nanosheets for photocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-diformylfuran.

Cellulose-derived carbon (CC) dots directed growth of ZnIn 2 S 4 was constructed through hydrothermal treatment of carboxylated cellulose followed by in-situ growth of ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets. The carbon dots inherited from carboxylated cellulose equip plenty of surface carboxyl, which induces the ionic interaction with Zn 2+ and In 3+ and the guided growth of ZnIn 2 S 4 . As a result, the nanosheets of ZnIn 2 S 4 are evenly and intimately grown on the small carbon dots, giving the high-speed channels for charges transfer. In conjunction with the reinforced visible-light capture and good conductivity of carbon dots, the resultant CC/ZnIn 2 S 4  performs an outstanding photocatalytic activity. As a proof of concept, visible-light-driven 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation into 2,5-diformylfuran was conducted. The evolution of 2,5-diformylfuran over the optimal CC/ZnIn 2 S 4 sample can reach ~2980 μmol·g -1 , about 3.4 times that of pristine ZnIn 2 S 4 . Additionally, the apparent quantum yield could attain 3.4% at a wavelength of 400 nm.