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Deriving Greenberg s Asymmetry in Arabic

Semitic verbs exhibit a well-known prohibition against forms with initial gemination, *ssam, or with an initial sequence of two identical consonants, *sasam, alongside an abundance of forms with final gemination or final identity such as samm, samam (Greenberg 1950). This asymmetry has received considerable attention in the literature. Past explanations crucially rely on restrictions imposed on the inventory of lexical inputs. In this paper, properties of the Semitic lexicon such as the asymmetry *ssam versus samm and other well-known alternations in the shape of the verb such as the doubled verb alternation are considered in the context of the inflectional paradigm. This makes it possible to explain the asymmetries in the lexical inventory and other previously problematic alternations in the verb by employing three independently necessary factors: the structure of the verbal paradigm, the syllabification canons of the language, and intra-paradigmatic identity constraints requiring identity between morphologically related forms. The implications of this stem-based view for the typological distinction between concatenative and non-concatenative morphology are developed.