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Small intestine absorption and secretion

Major advances have occurred in the study of intestinal physiology and biochemistry. A microsomal triglyceride transport protein has been described whose importance is highlighted in abetalipoproteinemics. These patients do not synthesize microsomal triglyceride transport protein and cannot transport triglycerides, but they do produce β lipoprotein. Circulating fatty acids were shown to enter the intestine, become esterified to triglyceride, and enter a pool in which chylomicron formation is selected against. Apolipoprotein A-IV was shown to be a physiologically important satiety factor. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was transfected into Caco-2 cells that produced a surfactant-like particle. The ontology of complex lipid synthesis in Caco-2 cells as they matured at confluence was described. Aging was shown to be associated with a reduction in glucose transporters. Protein added to the diet was shown to increase peptidases at the level of transcription. A 14-kD protein appears to be important in intracellular bile-acid transport in the ileum. Sensitized rats responded to oral rechallenge by the specific antigen with an increase in intestinal permeability.