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Anomalously robust valley polarization and valley coherence in bilayer WS2

Significance Coherence of electronic states is crucial for quantum manipulation through light–matter interactions. To achieve coherence in conventional solid-state systems, extreme conditions such as cryogenic temperatures are required, which is a long-term challenge for practical applications. The emerging atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides provide an unprecedented platform to explore the interplay of quantum states of spin and valley. In this paper, we demonstrate room-temperature valley coherence and valley polarization in bilayer WS2 with polarization-resolved photoluminescence measurements. The robustness of the valley coherence and valley polarization is understood as the consequence of the coupling of spin, layer, and valley degrees of freedom in bilayer WS2. It inspires new perspectives on quantum manipulations in 2D solid-state systems. We report the observation of anomalously robust valley polarization and valley coherence in bilayer WS2. The polarization of the photoluminescence from bilayer WS2 follows that of the excitation source with both circular and linear polarization, and remains even at room temperature. The near-unity circular polarization of the luminescence reveals the coupling of spin, layer, and valley degree of freedom in bilayer system, and the linearly polarized photoluminescence manifests quantum coherence between the two inequivalent band extrema in momentum space, namely, the valley quantum coherence in atomically thin bilayer WS2. This observation provides insight into quantum manipulation in atomically thin semiconductors.