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Coalescence of C60 molecules assisted by doped iodine inside carbon nanotubes.

C60-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), so-called fullerene peapods, have been successfully doped with iodine. High-resolution transmission electron microscope observation revealed that the iodine atoms could be doped in the intratubular position. The doped intratubular iodine atom(s) can assist the coalescence of the C60 molecules inside SWNTs. Heating the iodine-doped peapod at 550 °C induces the transformation of C60 molecules into a tubular structure. The doped iodine atoms can be intercalated between the outer host SWNT and the newly formed inner SWNT.