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Types and Frequency of Errors in the Pre-Analytical Phase in the Clinical Laboratory - Single Center Study from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

BACKGROUND
The pre-analytical phase, which includes all preparatory actions to the analytical procedure, is part of the process during which there is the greatest possibility of laboratory errors. This study was conducted to investigate the frequency and types of laboratory errors during work in the clinical laboratory as well as the frequency and types of laboratory errors in the pre-analytical phase of laboratory work.


METHODS
The retrospective, descriptive study covered the period from 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2016 within which the presence of 5 different indicators of quality of work, i.e., pre-analytical errors, was monitored: improperly drawn blood, coagulated blood sample, hemolyzed blood sample, improperly marked referral for analysis, and insufficient sample for analysis.


RESULTS
The most common error in the pre-analytical phase of our study was "coagulated sample", followed by: "improperly drawn blood", "improperly marked referral", "insufficient sample for analysis", and "hemolyzed sample". Using the chi-squared test, a statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of occurrence of certain types of indicators in different departments (p < 0.005).


CONCLUSIONS
Reduction of these errors can be achieved through analyzing and correcting the reasons for them, education, and by joint action of experts and international organizations, continual training of staff as well as to following the adopted guidelines and standards.