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Early State Formation in Central Madagascar: An Archaeological Survey of Western Avaradrano. Henry T. Wright, editor. 2007. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan Memoirs, Number 43, Ann Arbor. 311 pp. $38.00 (paper), ISBN 978-0-915-70363-0.

sporadically before the Spanish Conquest, the cave was used most intensively in the eighteenth and nineteenth century when it was turned into a drinking spot and hideaway. Smith's discussion of his excavations at the site is the most disappointing aspect of the book. While he reconstructs how the cave was modified into a living space by adding a cut coral stone masonry staircase and retaining wall, he does very little with the jar fragments, pipe stems, and other small finds associated with this period of use. None of these small finds are illustrated, there is little to no description of them, and he makes no significant comparison of the Mapp's Cave assemblage to other assemblages found in Barbados or elsewhere. Smith's interpretation of Mapp's Cave as a liminal space where slaves could relax, blow off steam, and even plan rebellion may be correct, but his case is made plausible by the cave's greater historical context rather than by the much more equivocal archaeological evidence that he presents from the site.