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The sweet side of urea transporters.

UREA IS PRODUCED AS AN END product of protein catabolism in the liver and is ultimately excreted by the kidney. However, this unique small molecule of only 60 daltons is also used by the kidney to control water balance by a complex process that involves both secretion and reabsorption of urea throughout the entire renal tubule (11). Disturbance of these processes can cause a toxic buildup of urea in the blood termed uremia. Clearly, urea transporters (UT) are key players in this important process, and understanding UT activity, synthesis, turnover, and membrane trafficking has been a focus of researchers since the first gene was cloned in 1993 (17).