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Development of obesity in Ossabaw pigs fed diets high in saturated and n‐3 fatty acids

Western diets high in saturated fat have been implicated in the increasing rate of obesity within the U.S. Saturated fatty acids are of considerable interest because of their interaction with toll like receptors in adipose tissue and contribution to chronic low‐grade inflammation. In contrast, n‐3 fatty acids are generally viewed as being anti‐inflammatory. To determine the impact of supplement a western diet with n‐3 fatty acids, 26 Ossabaw pigs with an initial body weight of 47.4 kg were fed 3 diets: a restricted low fat control diet (LFC, 2750 kcal/kg), a high fat palm oil diet (HFP, 4000 kcal/kg), and a high fat palm oil with n‐3 supplement diet (HFPn3, 4000 kcal/kg). At 8 weeks there was no difference in body weight between the HFP and HFPn3 diets (77.6 vs. 79.4 kg), nor was there a difference in caloric intake. Fasted serum glucose and insulin concentrations were increased at 8 weeks in pigs feed both the HFP and HFPn3 relative to the LFC group. Additionally, fasted serum cholesterol was increased at 8 weeks by the high fat diets, but there was no difference between HFP and HFPn3 groups. Collectively, these data indicate that the n‐3 supplementation alone for 8 weeks in insufficient to attenuate obesity or the onset of insulin resistance cause by diets high in saturated fat. This project was supported by National Research Initiative Grant 2008–35200–04466 from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture.