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Rapid and Persistent Decrease in Brain Tissue Oxygenation in Ovine Gram-negative Sepsis.

The changes in brain perfusion and oxygenation in critical illness, which are thought to contribute to brain dysfunction, are unclear due to the lack of methods to measure these variables. We have developed a technique to chronically measure cerebral tissue perfusion and oxygen tension in unanesthetised sheep. Using this technique, we have determined the changes in cerebral perfusion and PO2 during the development of ovine sepsis. In adult Merino ewes, fibre-optic probes were implanted in the brain, renal cortex and renal medulla to measure tissue perfusion, oxygen tension (PO2) and temperature and flow probes were implanted on the pulmonary and renal arteries. Conscious sheep were infused with live Escherichia coli for 24-hr, which induced hyperdynamic sepsis; mean arterial pressure decreased (85.2±5.6 to 71.5±8.7 mmHg), while cardiac output (4.12±0.70 to 6.15±1.26 L/min) and total peripheral conductance (48.9±8.5 to 86.8±11.5 mL/min/mmHg) increased (n=8, all P<0.001) and arterial PO2 decreased (104±8 to 83±10 mmHg; P<0.01). Cerebral perfusion tended to decrease acutely, although this did not reach significance, but there was a significant and sustained decrease in cerebral tissue PO2 (32.2±10.1 to 18.8±11.7 mmHg) after 3 h and to 22.8±5.2 mmHg after 24-hr of sepsis (P<0.02). Sepsis induced large reductions in both renal medullary perfusion and PO2 but had no effect in the renal cortex. In ovine sepsis, there is an early decrease in cerebral PO2 that is maintained for 24-hours despite minimal changes in cerebral perfusion. Cerebral hypoxia may be one of the factors causing sepsis-induced malaise and lethargy.