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Malnutrition in children and its determinants: a study from east India

Malnutrition continues to be a major killer of children, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries such as India. An ecological study was undertaken to correlate different demographic factors with the prevalence of underweight children. Based on findings from the National Family Health Survey 4 (2015–2016), 81 districts were analysed from three states in the eastern part of India. The findings suggest that female literacy (r = −0.556) and improved sanitation (r = −0.741) reduces the burden of malnutrition. Regarding childbirth, four antenatal visits (ANC), institutional deliveries, full immunisation, early breast feeding and adequate diet also reduce the degree of malnutrition among children. For preventing malnutrition, emphasis should be laid on improving social determinants and maternal health awareness.