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Developing Multiscale Simulation Models using the Software GroIMP

GroIMP (Growth grammar based Interactive Modelling Platform) is an open-source software tool focused on the development of functional-structural plant and forest stand models. It encompasses a domain-specific programming language, Extended L-System language (XL), which provides standard Java language features and additional rule-based graph rewriting mechanisms. A model with meaningful 3D representation and visualization, such as a forest plot, can be constructed by interpreting each project graph geometrically. Additionally, embedded imperative code allows to run process-based simulations (e.g., light interception) on these 3D structures. Recent extensions to the graph model and XL have allowed convenient representations of hierarchical or multi-scale objects in GroIMP. Using these features, models at different spatial scales are coupled in a common data structure, raising further interests towards specific methods in upand down-scaling model dynamics. In this paper, we show the graphand rule-based programming approach as a viable method to developing multi-scale functional-structural models. Examples include stand dynamics and morphological developments of individual conifers as well as reactions to ozone exposure of beech trees at the metabolic, organ and whole-tree scale. Distinct scales can be visualized and observed for analysis and comparisons.