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INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY PARTICLES AND FIBERS

The mammalian lungs have to be able to deal with particles, and indeed there are effective defenses in the airways and in the alveolar region that protect the lung by clearing the particles. In the airways the mucociliary escalator traps and sweeps particles out of the lungs. Beyond the ciliated airways the alveolar macrophages phagocytose particles and then migrate, with their particle load, to the mucociliary escalator for removal to the gut. So problems with particles occur only when these general “rules of engagement” between the lungs and particles are breached. This occurs when the particles: