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Regulation of Calcium in Isolated Nerve Terminals (Synaptosomes): Relationship to Neurotransmitter Release a

The synaptosome is the simplest system in which the events from plasma membrane depolarization to transmitter release can be observed, and at the same time the most complex neuronal preparation which is sufficiently homogenious for detailed biochemical analysis of these events, since it largely avoids contributions from the cell body or from glial cells inherent in cell culture or slice preparations respectively. This paper will discuss the regulation of Ca2+ in the nerve terminal, the Ca*+-dependent release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, and possible loci for the modulation of the coupling between depolarization and elevation in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+],), and between increased [Ca2+], and glutamate release. Results from our own laboratory refer to synaptosomes prepared from the cerebral cortices of Dunkin-Hartley strain guinea pigs incubated at either 30°C or 37°C. '