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A survey of quantum language models

Language model is a fundamental research topic in areas related to natural language processing. In recent years, researchers have proposed quantum language models based on the probability theory of quantum mechanics. This paper aims to review the research motivation and the current progress of constructing various quantum language models. First, it reviews the research problems of classical language models. Then, it introduces some quantum language models in information retrieval and speech processing, as well as an end-to-end quantum language model based on neural network architecture. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each quantum language model considered here, taking into account the essential connection between quantum mechanics and neural networks, we outline our vision for future research directions.