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Confocal Raman microspectroscopy for evaluation of optical clearing efficiency of the skin ex vivo

Optical clearing (OC) of biological tissues is a promising technology for a wide spread use in medical practice to increase the screening depth, spatial resolution and contrast of the resulting images/spectra. Nevertheless, despite the significant OC effect, some biocompatible optical clearing agents (OCAs) can adversely affect biological tissues, causing local hemostasis, morphological changes, d ehydration, and in some cases even tissue necrosis. The aim of this study was to study the effect of Omnipaque 300 and fructose solutions of various concentrations and exposure times on the intact skin using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. It was shown that the application of each of these OCAs on intact skin for 5 min also leads to an appreciable OC effect. The increase in OC was achieved using a mixture of Omnipaque 300 with DMSO; it was shown that the optical properties of the skin can be controlled at a depth of about 80 μm.