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Current knowledge and future trends in maternal and child health in the Middle East.

A basic source on child health in the Middle East in the 1970s is WHO/EMRO Technical Publication No. 9 by Harfouche and Verhoestraete. The present paper updates this extends it somewhat on the side of maternal health and includes some data not available to WHO or Harfouche at that time. The definition of the Middle East used here is WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Broadly speaking it covers from Tunisia to Pakistan and from Syria to Somalia. There are certain overall trends and tendencies which may result in considerable improvements in maternal and child health. 1) Fertility is not far short of its biological maximum and as it can hardly increase any change will tend to favor maternal and child health. 2) Urbanization is rapidly increasing. 3) Female literacy and education level is increasing sharply. Expectations of child survival knowledge of hygiene and nutrition will improve and fertility regulation will accelerate. 4) Oral rehydration obstetric care and immunization levels will improve.