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Book Review: Secularization, Rationalism and Sectarianism

Although widely known for his sectarian studies, Bryan Wilson's was also to become a key reference point for studies in secularization theory, charismatic authority and new religions. There has been very little of quality written on these subjects over the past thirty years that has not drawn on his insights, and naturally, since it seeks to pay tribute to his achievements, this Festschrift is no exception. Some of the contributions are specialist and narrow in range, while others seek to be more comprehensive and to grapple with all of Wilson's principal scholarly interests. The volume begins with Robertson's very fine discussion of the concept of religion in a global context. Seguy confines himself to a discussion of the apocalyptic theme in religious orders and attempts to show that they can be best understood from the perspective of the sociology of conflict. Hill, on the other hand, takes on three of the subjects that Wilson devoted most of his academic life to studying-secularization, charisma and sectarianism/new religions-in the context of New Zealand. Wallis' chapter deals with the two last mentioned topics, as does Eileen Barker's, and both raise interesting problems clearly and intelligibly. Fenn on charisma is much more difficult to assess. Overall, secularization theory receives the most emphasis and where the contributions concern secularization in the European context some modification of their conclusions will be required in the light of the recent European Values Study published in 1992. Many acknowledge a considerable debt to Wilson, including David Martin who looks at sectarianism and secularization in the context of the rapid shift from Catholicism to Evangelical Protestantism in Latin America in recent times. Peel is also persuaded that Wilson's monumental work Magic and the Millennium (despite its socio-evolutionary character and its assumption that the western