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Arterio-Hepatic Venous Fistula Following Liver Biopsy: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Arterio-hepatic venous fistula (AHVF) is an exceedingly rare phenomenon compared to arterio-portal venous fistula with only 8 cases reported in world literature. Many listed causes can be attributed to the development of there are no reported cases of AHVF following a core-needle biopsy. We report a case of 38 year-old-female with EHPVO, who underwent splenectomy with a proximal splenorenal shunt. She had an injury to left hepatic artery, consequent to a blind intra-operative core needle biopsy from the liver, which led to the development of a fistulous connection between left hepatic artery and middle hepatic vein causing high output cardiac failure. She was successfully managed with trans-arterial embolization. The present review emphasizes the possibility of AHVF following a liver biopsy and the role of digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis, therapeutic intravascular interventions, and follow-up.