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The French Communist Party and the Beginnings of Resistance: September 1939-June 1941

The resistance record of the French Communist Party (PCF) has become an important political issue in post-war France’ and for many Frenchmen its activity during the period from September 1939 to June 1941 is still a measure of its patriotism. There is also a lively historical debate on the PCF during this period, which has been revived by a decision of the Twenty-third Congress to set up a series of commissions to re-write the official party history. The aim of this essay is to summarize the main points of this discussion and try to answer the question, ’Did the PCF resist before June 1941?’