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Cohort Study of Probiotics in a North American Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Objective To determine whether routine probiotic administration to very preterm infants would reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) without adverse consequences. Study design Since the end of July 2011, we have administered a probiotic mixture to all admitted infants of Bifidobacterium breve, bifidum, infantis, and longum ) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (2 × 10 9 colony-forming units) per day, starting with the first feed, until the infant reaches 34 weeks. We compared complications among infants admitted during the first 17 months of routine use with those admitted during the previous 17 months. Results Two hundred ninety-four infants received probiotics, and 317 infants formed the comparison group. Introduction of probiotics was associated with a reduction in NEC (from 9.8% to 5.4%, P P Discussion A product that is readily available in North America, that has excellent quality control, and that contains strains similar to those that have been shown effective in randomized controlled trials substantially reduced the frequency of NEC in our neonatal intensive care unit.