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Vascular malformation in the uterus: a case report and literature review

Uterine vascular malformations are rare, potentially life-threatening lesions that originate from dysfunctional venous and arterial communications. They present with heavy vaginal bleeding which does not respond to conventional treatment. They can be congenital or acquired. Acquired arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) may be preceded by uterine curettage, caesarean section, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia or endometrial carcinoma. Ultrasound with colour Doppler is the most common initial investigation, with magnetic resonance imaging being used for detailed evaluation. However, angiography remains the gold standard. Embolization is becoming increasingly the first choice of treatment with excellent results. We present a case of uterine AVM successfully treated with embolization, along with a review of the literature.