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Clean-energy transportation for eco-cities

The combined impacts of progressive urban planning and transit are shown to lead to a future higher fraction of commercial vehicles within cities. Personal cars have only been eliminated in European cities where there was an overriding financial reason. Clean personal vehicles will still play a role. Well-to-wheel analysis can be used to select technology and fuel options where hybridisation and biofuels are lower cost means of reducing greenhouse gases. Some options listed, natural gas, hydrogen and electric vehicles, are most easily implemented by centrally refuelled fleets resulting in a natural synergy with the growing faction of commercial vehicles within cities. Life cycle costing of commercial vehicles enables the selection of clean technologies using financial benefits from fuel savings and maintenance. The fuel savings from vehicle weight reduction are described. It is concluded that transportation greenhouse gas savings in cities can well exceed 40% with a combination of the factors discussed.