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Glucose and phosphate inhibit respiration and oxidative metabolism in cultured hamster eight‐cell embryos: Evidence for the “Crabtree effect”

The development of hamster eight‐cell embryos is inhibited by glucose in culture medium containing inorganic phosphate (Pi). This is hypothetically attributed to the “Crabtree effect,” in which enhanced glycolysis inhibits respiratory activity and oxidative metabolism. To examine this hypothesis, oxygen consumption of hamster eight‐cell embryos was measured using a microelectrode. A two‐ to three‐fold decrease in oxygen consumption was observed in embryos cultured with glucose and Pi. Oxidizable substrates and intermediates of the Krebs cycle supported embryo development only in the absence of glucose and Pi; Krebs cycle inhibitors (fluoroacetate and arsenite) arrested embryo development. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate and lactate did not support embryo development. Inhibition of both respiration and oxidative activity in cultured hamster embryos by glucose and Pi is consistent with the existence of a Crabtree effect and indicates that the metabolic properties of preimplantation embryonic cells differ markedly from those of most somatic cells and resemble some cancer cells.