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Influence of the Various Li/Nb Ratios on Defect Structure and Photorefractive Properties of In: Eu: Fe: LiNbO3 Crystals

In: Eu: Fe: LiNbO3 crystals were firstly grown from a congruent melt according to the Czochralski method, with the various ratios of Li/Nb =0.885, 0.946, 1.051. The new crystal composition and defect structure were analyzed by the UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the two-wave coupling experiments, writing and erasure time, maximum diffraction efficiency, photorefractive sensitivity and dynamic range were measured and calculated. The dependence of the photorefractive properties on the defect structure of In: Eu: Fe: LiNbO3 Crystals were discussed.