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Cancerous and normal human tissues investigated by near-infrared time-resolved and spectroscopic imaging techniques

Spectroscopic and time-sliced two-dimensional (2-D) transillumination imaging methods were used to investigate ex vivo tumor and normal tissues of human breast and parotid gland. The experimental arrangement for time-sliced optical imaging uses 120-fs, 1 kHz repetition-rate, 800-nm light pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser system for sample illumination and a charge coupled device (CCD) camera coupled to a gated image intensifier for recording 2-D images. The spectroscopic imaging arrangement uses 1210-1325 nm tunable output of a Cr: forsterite laser for sample illumination, a Fourier space gate to discriminate against multiple-scattered light, and a near-infrared (NIR) area camera to record 2-D images. Images recorded with earlier temporal slices of transmitted light highlighted tumors, while those recorded with later slices accentuated normal tissues. When light was tuned closer to the 1203 nm absorption resonance of adipose tissues, a marked enhancement in contrast between the images of adipose and fibrous tissues was observed. A similar wavelength-dependent difference between normal and cancerous tissues was observed. These results correlate well with pathology and nuclear magnetic resonance based analyses of the samples. This work demonstrates the advantages of time-resolved spectroscopic approach for imaging tumors in body organs.