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Substituting Symbol for Substance: What Did Brown Really Accomplish?

(Kluger 1976, 710), Brown, it is claimed, "profoundly affected national thinking and has served as the principal ideological engine" of the civil rights movement (Greenberg 1968, 1522). Brown has long served as the "symbol" of the courts' ability to produce significant social reform (Neier 1982, 57), the "principal inspiration to others who seek change through litigation" (Greenberg 1974, 331). As Wilkinson puts it, "Brown may be the most important political, social, and legal event in America's twentieth-century history" (1979, 6). It has served, Robert Cover tells us, as a "paradigmatic event" (1982, 1316). Despite its enduring importance, major claims made about Brown are highly questionable: that the decision made a difference in