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Activity limitation and social participation of patients with diabetes

Objectives: to evaluate the activity limitation and the social participation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: 79 diabetic patients were evaluated through SALSA scale (Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness) and Social Participation scale of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results: the average age of the participants was 61.6±9.8 years, 55.7% were female, 68.4% had a marital status, 32.9% had a low income (up to three minimum wages) and 13.9% had left work due to health reasons. The average time of illness was 10.3±8.9 years. 39.3% of the participants were treated with insulin, 70.9% with oral medication, 51.9% with diet and 45.6% with physical exercises. 48.1% presented some disease complication. The average in SALSA score was 26.5±11.6 and higher scores were associated with more than 10 years of disease. With diabetes evolution there may be a need for insulin therapy and diabetes complications can appear and interfere with the individual’s occupations. These factors can contribute to activity limitation. The average in Social Participation scale was 9.8±10.9, with higher scores when the patients considered their physical health impaired in the last year and when they were under insulin therapy. Conclusion: the activity limitation in type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated to the duration of the disease with possible contribution of factors related to the disease’s evolution. The auto-evaluation of impaired physical health and insulin therapy seem to interfere with social participation.