{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02269861286254729, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00819672131147541, 'mean_word_length': 5.72457627118644, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Physical properties of soils under different management systems in the Cerrado region of Brazil

The physical properties of a soil can be influenced by management systems, but information on the effects of management systems such as integrated crop-livestock-woods is still incipient and inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in the physical attributes of Cerrado soil under different management systems. Soil samples were collected and subjected to an experiment with a completely randomized, 5 x 3 factorial design with five replications. The treatments were different management systems (notillage, integrated livestock-woods, cultivated pasture, degraded pasture and preserved area reference), and samples were collected from three soil depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm). The following physical soil characteristics were evaluated: density, total porosity and resistance to penetration. Additionally, the organic matter content has previously been determined for the different systems under analysis. The results showed that soils under conservation management involving corn and integrated crop-livestock-woods presented greater soil density but were also less susceptible to compaction, especially the superficial soil layer. The resistance of the soil profile to penetration was lower under conservation management compared to pasture (cultivated or degraded), but it was superior to that of the reference soil. The areas under braquiária ruziziensis pasture or degraded with Urochloa decumbens pasture presented higher resistance to soil penetration.