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Research on Nozzle Design and Application of Single‐Flow Postcombustion Oxygen Lance in a 120 t Top‐Blown Converter

The flow characteristics and postcombustion behavior of a single‐flow postcombustion (PC) oxygen lance are of paramount significance to optimal design and operation of the lance but not well understood, and there is also no well‐known design criterion for the optimization of the single‐flow PC lance. Herein, the design criteria of a single‐flow PC lance are first proposed. Then, a 3D fluid model is established combined with a 120 t top‐blown converter. The influences of the key parameters of secondary nozzles (i.e., inclination angle, diameter, and number) on the jet characteristics and PC behavior at the steelmaking temperature are studied. Finally, based on the design criteria, an optimal PC lance is designed and its smelting effect is compared with that of the conventional lance by industrial tests. The results indicate that the reasonably designed PC lance can effectively improve the PC zone of CO gas and simultaneously increase both the penetration depth and impact area of the main jet. Compared with conventional lance, the PC oxygen lance can raise the temperature of molten steel by ≈30 °C and reduce the total fe (T.Fe) content in the final slag by 0.86%. Moreover, it has almost no effect on the gas recovery.