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Manipulation of single atoms and molecules by electron probe and mechanical force

Science and technology ever seek to build structures of progressively smaller size that has finally reached the point where structures and materials can be built via atom-by-atom engineering. The ability of manipulation of single atoms or molecules can enable us to build and characterize model systems that will advance the material development and the understanding of physics and chemistry.[1-4] By necessity, we must combine both the imaging and manipulation techniques, to affect matter and to real-time monitor the system at atomic level. The scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), based on the atomically focused electron probe [2], can be utilized to introduce subtle changes in atomic structure while the process is resolved at atomic level, including vacancy ordering, single dopant atom motion and chemical reactions. On the other hand, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) which has made it possible to image the surfaces of materials with picometre (pm) resolution, and also to manipulate single atoms and individual chemical bonds [1]. Besides bond formation, the controlled rupture of a chemical bond using mechanical forces, along with accurate measurements of these forces, provides new insights into the physical nature of a chemical bond. Here, we present a few examples of imaging or manipulating single atoms and molecules, which include (1) imaging the continuous movement of Au single atoms on a graphene substrate under electron beam, and (2) manipulating a single carbon monoxide (CO) molecule on a ferrous phthalocyanine (FePc) complex via mechanical forces applied by AFM tips.