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Track Location Enhancements for Perspective View Displays

Abstract : Three-dimensional (3-D) perspective view displays are being developed for naval air warfare consoles. Because of the inherent ambiguities of perspective projection and the lack of depth cues available in flat-screen 3-D displays, it is difficult to correctly identify the position of tracks. Our objective was to test the potential performance benefits of adding depth cues and other augmentations to 3-D displays to improve track localization. Participants viewed tracks in augmented 3-D displays or a two-dimensional (2-D) top-down display, and then reconstructed track positions on blank paper maps with track symbol pins. We found the following: Drop-lines and drop-shadows significantly improved the localization of aircraft over no augmentations for 3-D displays. Augmenting 3-D displays with drop-lines and drop-shadows improved ground-plane localization performance to the level of 2-D displays. Drop-lines led to the best overall localization performance for 3-D displays. Varying the size of track symbols with distance for 3-D displays improved localization only when there were no drop-lines or drop-shadows present.