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High serum iron markers are associated with periodontitis in postmenopausal women: a population-based study (NHANES III).

AIM
To investigate the association between increased serum markers of iron (ferritin and transferrin saturation) and the severity and extent of periodontitis in postmenopausal women.


METHODS
Data from 982 postmenopausal women participating in NHANES III were analyzed. Exposures were high ferritin (≥ 300 μg/mL) and transferrin saturation (≥45%). The primary outcome was moderate/severe periodontitis defined according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology. The extent of periodontitis was also assessed as outcome: proportion of sites affected by clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm and probing depth ≥ 4 mm. Crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratio (PR) and Mean Ratio (MR) were estimated using Poisson Regression.


RESULTS
The prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis was 27.56%. High ferritin was associated with moderate/severe periodontitis in the crude (PR 1.55, p = 0.018) and in the final adjusted model (PR 1.53, p = 0.008). High ferritin and transferrin saturation levels were associated with a higher proportion of sites with clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
The increasing serum iron markers seem to contribute to periodontitis severity and extent in postmenopausal women.