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Systemic mycoses in dogs and cats.

ADVANCES IN MEDICINE now permit more effective control of certain bacterial and viral diseases, and mycotic infections are assuming greater importance. The reported prevalence of mycoses in man and animals in the Americas is the highest in the world and the known cases may represent only a fraction of the total. Animals may be exposed to fungi with mild or unnoticed response. The clinical disease is rare. The natural habitat of many pathogenic fungi is the soil (1) and the primary route of infection is by inhalation. Emmons et al (16) in a survey of histoplasmosis extending over a period of eight years examined 4,664 animals of various species. Dogs and cats showed the highest incidence of the disease. Of 397 dogs examined 145 were infected, and of 449 cats 81 had Histoplasma capstulatum in their tissues. It is the most common cause of systemic mycosis in dogs in North America. Between 1959 to 1962 specimens from 472 animals including 16 species, were examined at the U.S. Public Health Service Communicable Disease Centre, Kansas City, and 70 were found to have a mycotic infection. Of 70 positive cases, 42 were due to blastomycosis, 23 to histoplasmosis and the remaining five were due to other fungi (30). The benign forms of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis are common (44). A total of 151 dogs were skin-tested with histoplasmin and blastomycin and of these 34 (23%) had a specific reaction to histoplasmin and seven (5%) had a specific reaction to blastomycin. In none of these dogs was Histoplasma capsulatur or Blastomyces dermatitidis demonstrated by cultural, histopathological or fluorescent antibody examinations. Porter et al (36) considered that only the fluorescent antibody tech-