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Significant attitude changes among residents associated with a pediatric nurse practitioner.

In the study reported here, significant changes in attitudes occurred over a three-year period among pediatric residents who had close association with a pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) in their residency program. Residents entering the training program had an overall uncertain attitude toward PNPs but did respond favorably to the PNP's participation in the care of well children, patient education, and follow-up care. The greatest number of attitude changes toward the PNP took place after the first year of interaction between the residents and the PNP. After the first year, the residents favored the PNP's participation in the care of minor illnesses and stable chronic illnesses and in management of telephone calls from parents with concerns. Second-year residents also felt that the PNP was accepted by patients and physicians, that the PNP contributed to the reduction of health care costs, and that the PNP should have an expanded role. Upper-level residents continued to express favorable attitudes. The findings support the authors' hypothesis that favorable attitudes on the part of physicians toward PNPs can be cultivated during residency training by exposing residents to a PNP role model. In addition, the findings suggest that subsequent years of exposure will reinforce these favorable opinions if favorable opinions are established early in residency training.