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Cytomegalovirus retinopathy and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: results of treatment with ganciclovir.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the retina is the commonest potentially blinding ocular manifestation of AIDS. Recently the acyclic nucleoside dihydroxypropoxymethyl guanine (DHPG, ganciclovir) has become available to treat sight-threatening CMV retinopathy. This paper reports the clinical features and results of ganciclovir therapy in 48 patients seen over a four-year period. Seven patients were excluded from the study due to inadequate follow-up, leaving 41 patients as the study group. All patients responded clinically to this therapy. Patients were treated initially with high-dose ganciclovir (10 mg/kg/day) and then continued on lower dose treatment (5 mg/kg/day) indefinitely. Significant bone marrow toxicity developed in 12 patients (29.3%) requiring temporary cessation of therapy. Patients treated with ganciclovir retained vision and had increased survival times when compared to untreated patients. A poor visual outcome occurred when there was involvement of the macula or optic nerve head at presentation or when there was an interruption of ganciclovir therapy.