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What do parents need to know about pain in newborn babies?

Newborns undergo painful procedures, such as heel prick, blood drawing and vaccination. They react to pain in different ways such as crying, grimacing, disturbance of sleep patterns, increased oxygen usage and increased stomach acidity. In addition, research has shown that pain in newborns has longlasting effects on the immune system (natural protection system) as well as neuro-endocrine systems (hormonal effects). Thus, the effects of pain on newborns are quite significant and remarkable. Common misconceptions are that newborns do not feel much pain due to the under-developed or immature nervous system and that they do not remember pain. Newborns, irrespective of whether they are term or preterm, do experience pain. Thus they have a compelling right to receive effective and safe pain relief.