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Number of binding sites of DNA and polynucleotides with tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) cations

The binding of tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) cations [Ru(bpy)  2+3 ] with single‐ and double‐stranded (ss and ds) DNA, and the polynucleotides poly(A), poly(C), poly(G), poly(I), poly(I) · poly(C), and poly(U), was studied in aqueous solution. Steady‐state electrical conductivity measurements with the polynucleotides, ssDNA, and dsDNA reveal that approximately three nucleotides offer one binding site. This may be compared with the ratio [nucleotide]/[Mg2+] of 2.4 : 1 for dsDNA. After laser excitation (353 nm), the luminescence of Ru(bpy)  2+3 bound to nucleic acids shows two decay components. The contribution of the fast component, which is interpreted as resulting from quenching processes of the absorbed ruthenium complex, exhibits a maximum with increasing [nucleotide]/[Ru(bpy)  2+3 ] at a ratio of about three to one. Bound Ru(bpy)  2+3 can be released from the strand by addition of NaClO4 [half‐concentration: 2.5 and ≤ 10 mM for poly(U) and dsDNA, respectively].