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Original Research Article Propoxur resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from N dali district in northern Benin, West Africa

A B S T R A C T Because of the Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) with carbamate in northern part of the country since 2011, it is important to investigate susceptibility to propoxur, a carbamate compound in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from surrounding departments of Atacora department in northern Benin. Larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes were collected from the breeding sites in Borgou department. WHO susceptibility tests were conducted on unfed female mosquitoes aged 2 5 days old. WHO bioassays were performed with impregnated papers with propoxur 0.1%. PCR techniques were used to detect species and Ace-1 mutations. Anopheles gambiae N dali populations were resistant to propoxur. The mortality rate observed was 89.53%. PCR revealed that all specimens tested were Anopheles gambiae s.s. The presence of Ace-1R at very low frequency (0.01) was observed in Anopheles gambiae N dali populations. This study shows that propoxur resistance detected in An. gambiae populations from N dali was first in this district. Therefore, these populations of An. gambiae need to be monitored for insecticide resistance in this area.