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THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC PROPRANOLOL (P) ON THE GROWTH AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF NEWBORN PUPPIES

The effect of P, commonly employed in the treatment of neonatal hypertension, on growth, development and endocrine function of developing infants has not been examined. Beagle littermates, age 1 week, were placed in one of three groups: P 3 mg/kg/BID, P 9 mg/kg/BID, or control (C). Measurements of blood pressure, weight, and length were done weekly or bi-weekly. At 3 and 6 months of age fasting puppies were given, on different days, 0.5 gm/kg of glucose IV and 0.1 U/kg insulin IV for determination of glucose and insulin tolerance respectively. Fasting T3 and T4 levels were determined. Animals were sacrificed at 6 months and wet organ weights obtained.Blood pressure was significantly lower in P treated animals (p <.001). There were no significant differences between P and C animals in body or individual organ size. After IV insulin, P animals had greater falls in serum glucose (p <.02) compared to C animals at 3 months (42.5% vs 33.6%) and at 6 months (33.6% vs 26.4%). In P animals glucose disappearance rate was slower at 3 months (.009 vs .011, p <.05) and T4 levels were lower at 6 months (2.85 mcg/dl vs 3.51 mcg/dl, p <.05).In summary, chronic β blockade with P had no effect on body or organ growth of newborn puppies. However, significant abnormalities were observed in thyroid function and in glucose homeostasis, suggesting the need for additional studies on the safety of chronic β blockade in developing infants.