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Ambient Plasma Synthesis of Si‐Fe Hollow Nanoparticles and Their Biocompatibility and Lithium Storage Capacity

DOI: 10.1002/admi.201300134 Various synthetic strategies have been developed to prepare this type of nanostructured Si-based material such as templatedirected synthesis, self-curing, solvent extraction, and so on. However, due to the high crystallization energy barrier of Si, these strategies can hardly be used to synthesize hollow structured Si; moreover, their processes are not environmentally benign and energy effi cient. [ 6 ] Nonetheless, hollow structured Si has been made by chemical vapor deposition of Si precursors with hard templates, [ 11 ] and thermal decomposition of Si precursors. [ 12 ] These methods are usually high in cost and vacuum, and cannot be easily scaled up. The present work introduces an ambient heterogeneous spark discharge to fabricate Si-Fe hollow nanoparticles for verifying their biocompatibility and lithium storage capacity regarding biomedical and energy storage purposes. The use of plasma discharges for nanoscale materials synthesis is a rapidly developing fi eld. In particular, nonthermal plasmas at atmospheric pressure are attractive because of several factors conducive to effi ciency. [ 13 ] Given that Si and Fe are nontoxic, it is also considered to be an environmentally friendly material compared to other low-cost inorganic materials. [ 14 ] Furthermore, the absence of liquid solvents together with the high thermal stability of gases involved in this process makes spark discharge an attractive alternative to produce Si-based nanomaterials. [ 15 ]