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Mobilization of dendritic cells in cancer patients treated with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and chemotherapy

Summary. The number of dendritic cells (DC) circulating in the peripheral blood of cancer patients were monitored at multiple time points during chemotherapy and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) support. DC were identified via the lack of expression of standard lineage markers and high expression of HLA‐DR (LN–/DR+). The expression of DC‐associated markers, including CD83, CD11c, IL‐3Rα (CDw123) and CD86, within this LN–/DR+ population was also monitored. Maximal mobilization occurred during recovery on d 12, with a mean 32‐fold increase in LN–/DR+ numbers. The most striking increase was observed in the LN–/DR+/CD83+ cell population: 12 d after commencement of treatment, the proportion of these cells had increased by approximately 120‐fold when compared with baseline. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and CD34+ cell numbers also peaked 12 d into the treatment regimen in most patients. These data suggest that it should be possible to acquire substantial numbers of DC from leukapheresis products collected from cancer patients undergoing a standard treatment regimen of chemotherapy and G‐CSF. This strategy may be a feasible, low‐risk means of acquiring cells for DC‐based vaccine studies.