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The effect of hyponatremia on the regulation of intracellular volume and solute composition.

HYPONATREMIA is a common fluid and electrolyte disturbance. The decrease in plasma sodium concentration is usually associated with a reduction in body fluid osmolality, a state that causes shifts of water between the interstitium and the cells. This review is addressed to the cellular response of tissues to a reduction in plasma osmolality. We briefly describe the current understanding of how hyponatremia is generated, how certain organs function in response to hyponatremia, how the individual cells within organs alter intracellular volume in response to hypoosmolality, and how the volume adjustment is affected at the cellular level.