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Treat and Trick: Common Regulation and Manipulation of Sugar Transporters During Sink Establishment by the Plant and the Invader.

Sugar transport proteins are crucial for coordinated allocation of sugars. In this review we summarize recent key findings of roles and regulations of sugar transporters in inter- and intracellular transport by focusing on applied approaches, demonstrating how sucrose transporter activity may alter source and sink dynamics and their identities. The plant itself alters its sugar transport activity in a developmental-dependent manner to either establish or load endogenous sinks, e.g. during tuber formation and filling. Pathogens represent aberrant sinks, triggering the plant to induce the same processes resulting in loss of carbon assimilates. We explore common mechanisms of intrinsic, developmental-dependent processes and such aberrant, pathogen-induced manipulation of sugar transport. Transporter activity may also be targeted by breeding or GMO approaches in crop plants to alter source and sink metabolism upon over- or heterologous expression of these proteins. In addition, we highlight recent progress in the use of sugar analogs to study these processes in vivo.