{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.024967148488830485, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005913272010512484, 'mean_word_length': 5.092, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Feed-forward control of movement disorders by on-demand type stimulation of the thalamus and motor cortex

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamus (Vo/Vim) has become popular as a means of controlling involuntary movements, including post-stroke movement disorders. We have also found that post-stroke movement disorders and motor weakness can sometimes be controlled by motor cortex stimulation (MCS). In some forms of movement disorders, motor dysfunction became evident only when patients intend to move their body. We have developed an on-demand type stimulation system which triggers stimulation by detecting intrinsic signals of intention to move. Such a system represents feed-forward control (FFC) of in voluntary movements. We report our experience of DBS and MCS for controlling post-stroke movement disorders, and discuss the value of FFC. Excellent control of poststroke movement disorders was achieved by conventional DBS and/ or MCS in 21 of 28 patients with hemichoreoathetosis, hemiballism, tremor, and motor weakness. FFC was tested in 6 patients who demonstrated excellent control of post-stroke postural tremor or motor weakness by conventional DBS or MCS. The on-demand stimulation provided satisfactory FFC in 4 of 4 patients with postural tremor and 2 of 2 patients with motor weakness, when the activity of muscles involved in posturing or intention to move was fed into the system. The on-demand type stimulation system may also be useful for overcoming various post-stroke movement disorders.