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Ultramicrobiosensors for Monitoring of Neurotransmitters

Carbon fiber electrodes are used to construct ultramicrobiosensors with 7-15 microns diameter. Electrochemical operations for preelectrolysis and measuring were examined for sensitive determination of hydrogen peroxide. Determination limit was 0.1 microM of hydrogen peroxide. Reproducible determination of hydrogen peroxide is possible even in samples containing albumin protein. A micro-acetylcholine sensor was fabricated by immobilizing acetylcholine esterase and choline oxidase on the carbon fiber by entrapment with PVA-SbQ. This sensor gave a linear calibration plot for the range from 0.1 to 1.0 mM with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9842. A micro-glutamate sensor consisted of a platinized carbon fiber disk electrode modified with immobilized glutamate oxidase membrane. This sensor gave a linear calibration for the range 2 microM to 1.2 mM. Release of glutamate in the cerebellar cortex was detected after potassium stimulation.