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Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (GALA)

El Yali coastal reserve is the most important wetland complex in central Mediterraneanclimate Chile, especially due to the native and foreign bird fauna which arrives here periodically; the wetlands represent habitat for more than 25% of the bird biodiversity in Chile. The coastal lagoon, part of a micro-tidal estuary (1.2 m tidal range), is a shallow (< 1 m depth) dynamic system and unique site of coexistence of northern halophyte and southern palustrian riparian vegetation. This study identifies and quantifies the effect of forcing variables in the lagoon’s water level over one year of data collection. Transects of piezometers with level sensors were installed between the coastal lagoon and the sea. Monthly water quality data were collected. The soil is sandy with porosity of 0.43 and hydraulic conductivities circa 10 -4 m s -1 . During the winter rainy season, the lagoon connects with the sea via an ephemeral tidal inlet, producing noticeable daily variations in the water level, up to 80 cm depending on the tides. In contrast, during the season when bar closure of the inlet disconnects the lagoon from the sea, the lagoon level is very stable, and only decreases very slowly due to evaporation, which also makes the system hypersaline. Rainfall does not affect the lagoon level considerably, although groundwater levels responded quickly as expected for the sand berm material. During the connection phase, analyses using general pattern, spectral and Fourier analysis of the sea vs. lagoon-level signals show that two temporal scale hierarchies are relevant: monthly (due to moon cycles) and daily (due to tidal cycles every 12.5 and 24.2 hrs). A simple diffusion numerical model simulated the water table trends well for the sand bar between lagoon and sea, supporting the main effect of sea level on lagoon water levels. These and other methods coupled with ongoing data collection and the augmented monitoring network are to be used soon in connection to vegetation spatial data to study water-level and riparian vegetation interactions.