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Fire Smoke Detection in Video Images Using Kalman Filter and Gaussian Mixture Color Model

Fire smoke detections are crucial for forest resource protections and public security in surveillance systems. A novel approach for smoke detections with combined Kalman filter and a Gaussian color model is proposed in the paper in open areas. Moving objects are firstly generated by image subtractions from adaptive background of a scene through Kalman filter and MHI(Moving History Image) analysis. Then a Gaussian color model, trained from samples offline by an EM algorithm, is performed to detect candidate fire smoke regions. Final validation is carried out by temporal analysis of dynamic features of suspected smoke areas where higher frequency energies in wavelet domains and color blending coefficients are utilized as smoke features. Experimental results show the proposed method is capable of detecting fire smoke reliably.