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Man: Believer and Unbeliever by Francis M. Tyrrell (review)

Francis Tyrrell, formerly professor of philosophy and now professor of fundamental theology at Immaculate Conception Seminary, Huntington, New York, has given us in this book reflections that are obviously the fruit of many years of study and teaching. The spirit that breathes through this work is one of sympathetic understanding for the multiple faiths of our modern world and a sustained effort at dialogue with them. The author seeks to help men of our time appropriate themselves as orientated toward God and as finding themselves in Christ, and to do this in a period of conflicting humanisms. The book then is dedicated to help us to believe, and so is in the field of foundational theology. There are three main parts to Tyrrell's work. In the first of these he analyzes the problem of belief in our time. Here, in chapter 1, he presents the central positions of the formers of modern consciousness (particularly Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzsche, Comte, Dilthey, and Freud), who have in common an interpretation of man through his desires and values. For them, the Christian God is an alienating factor for man, and they want to help man grow from the state of childhood characterized by religious consciousness to an adult state, though they do this, of course, in differing ways. Largely because of their cumulative influence, believers are now a cognitive minority, and we have witnessed the demise of cultural Christianity. These men generally interpret the Christian belief in God as man's projection. In the process of man's transcendence, he forms projects; the projection of God occurs because of the difficulties man meets in life; modern man is called to go beyond this stage so that he may fully possess his humanity. As Tyrrell points out later in his book, this theme of man's self-transcendence is common to Christian humanism and atheistic humanisms: