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Development of Tetrapetalonema marmosetae to the infective stage in Culicoides hollensis and C. furens.

Development of the microfilaria of Tetrapetalonema marmosetae to the infective stage is described in 2 species of biting midges, Culicoides furens and C. hollensis. Development takes place in the thoracic muscles where the microfilaria requires 8 days to reach the third, or infective, stage. These observations suggest that species of Culicoides are the probable natural vectors of T. marmosetae in enzootic areas and that possibly a wide range of midges will serve as suitable vectors for the parasite in the laboratory. The elucidation of the life cycle, the first for a filaria from a neotropical primate, opens the way for the maintenance of this parasite in the laboratory and provides another useful tool for experimental study.