{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.040160642570281124, 'fraction_numerical': 0.03112449799196787, 'mean_word_length': 4.601123595505618, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Impact of an artificial surfactant release on air‐sea gas fluxes during Deep Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment II

[1] During the 2007 UK SOLAS Deep Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, we conducted the first ever study of the effect of a deliberately released surfactant (oleyl alcohol) on gas transfer velocities (kw) in the open ocean. Exchange rates were estimated with the 3He/SF6 dual tracer technique and from measured sea-to-air DMS fluxes and surface water concentrations. A total of seven kw estimates derived from 3He/SF6 were made, two of which were deemed to be influenced by the surfactant. These exhibited suppression from ∼5% to 55% at intermediate wind speeds (U10) in the range 7.2–10.7 m s−1. Similarly, kw determined from DMS data (kDMS) was also depressed by the surfactant; suppression ranged from ∼39% at 5.0 m s−1 to ∼24% at 10.8 m s−1. Surfactant thus has the potential to measurably suppress gas exchange rates even at moderate to high wind speeds.