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Motor behaviour mimics the gaze response in establishing joint attention, but is moderated by individual differences in adopting the intentional stance towards a robot avatar

ABSTRACT Leading another person’s gaze to establish joint attention facilitates social interaction. Previously it was found that we look back at agents who engage in joint attention quicker than at agents who display this behaviour less frequently. This paper serves to fill in two remaining knowledge gaps. Firstly, we examined whether this looking-back behaviour is replicated by a manual response. In an online task, participants selected one of two objects. One robot identity on the screen followed the selection most of the time, whilst the other looked at the other object most of the time. Participants clicked back on the following robot quicker when it looked at the same object relative to when it did not. We found no such difference for the unfollowing robot. Secondly, we examined how individual differences in autistic traits and adopting the intentional stance affected participants’ behaviour over time. The results showed that autistic traits influenced participants’ motor responses over time across conditions, whereas this response was only sensitive to the intentional stance for the unfollowing robot. Our results indicate that there is a potential overlap between evoked gaze behaviour and manual actions. However, individual differences may not fully predicate reflexive social behaviour.