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Haptic Feedback in the Instructional Environment and its Relationship to Visual Attention and Learning

This study, involving a computer-based training application coupled with a haptic input device, offered insight into how haptic feedback influences visual attention in learning applications. Data was collected from 33 students (ages 11–14) who completed a learning module on lever principles. This data consists of paper-based pre- and post-test scores, embedded module test scores and eye movement data. Embedded test scores were significantly higher in the non-haptic condition. Eye movement data revealed differential influences of haptic feedback. A path analysis of gaze movements indicated that haptic feedback was associated with increased frequencies of movements between zones of interest surrounding lever components but there were no significant increases in the frequencies of eye movements between the levers and the numeric force readout. Implications of these findings are discussed.