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Aging exacerbates obesity‐induced cerebromicrovascular injury and cognitive decline in mice

Obesity in the elderly promotes the development of vascular cognitive impairment, which develops in the absence of Alzheimer‐type senile plaques as a result of cerebromicrovascular alterations. To elucidate the mechanisms by which aging exacerbates the deleterious cerebrovascular effects of obesity, young (7 mo) and aged (24 mo) C57/BL6 mice were fed a high fat diet for 5 months. Compared to young obese mice, aged obese mice exhibited impaired pressure‐induced myogenic constriction and flow‐induced constriction of middle cerebral arteries, disruption of the blood‐brain barrier, hippocampal microvascular rarefaction, microglia activation, up‐regulated hippocampal expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and impaired performance in tests relevant for hippocampally ‐ dependent tasks of learning and memory. Taken together, aging exacerbates obesity‐induced cerebromicrovascular injury and neuroinflammation, which likely promote the development of vascular cognitive impairment in aged obese individuals.