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STUDY OF WATER QUALITY AND HEAVY METALS IN SOIL & WATER OF EX-MINING AREA BESTARI JAYA, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Tin mining is one of the oldest industries in Malaysia that have started since1820s. These mining activities have resulted in about 113,700 hectors of tin tailings throughout the peninsula that created numerous environmental problems such as threat to natural reserves due to landscape changes, damage to natural drainage, pollution and destruction of natural habitats The present study was carried out in old tin mining area Bestari Jaya (Batang Berjuntai old name), district Kuala Selangor in Selangor state. The purpose of this study is to get the ground information about environmental and contamination characteristics and also planning for future work. The mined out catchment covers an area of 323.74 hectors. Initially 92.61 hectors of downstream catchment were investigated which includes two mined out water ponds. These ponds flow downstream to River Ayer Hitam that ultimately ends up with River Selangor, 5 Km upstream of Batang Berjunti Water Treatment Plants SSP1 and SSP2 which are major water distributors to federal territory (Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya) and Selangor state as well. Samples of soil and water were taken separately from fifteen locations of downstream catchment using Global Positioning System. In preliminary studies physio-chemical parameters and concentration of heavy metals Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn were analyzed. The metals were extracted by nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a closed vessel microwave digestion system and analysed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method was validated by using standard reference material (NIST SRM 4354, 1643e) and results were compared with interim national water quality standards for Malaysia and found that most of physio-chemical parameters and metals concentration exceeds the permissible limits set by interim national water quality standards for Malaysia. So it is concluded that Bestari Jaya ex-mining catchment has a high pollution potential due to mining activities and Sungai (River) Ayer Hitam, recipient of catchment water is a highly polluted river. Therefore extensive research needs to be carried out in order to evaluate possible environmental risk factors in the area. Different environmental aspects have also discussed in this paper for the future research during this project.