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Role of oral chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Despite the long clinical history of 5-FU in gastrointestinal cancer, the development of oral agents has been a productive endeavor, and oral fluoropyrimidine agents are likely to play an important role in the management of colorectal cancer. Results of recent trials in advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer have shown equivalence of response rates, time to disease progression, and median survival and reduced rates of neutropenia and stomatitis with oral capecitabine (Xeloda) or UFT/leucovorin compared with standard fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin regimens. Evaluation of these oral agents in adjuvant therapy, in combination chemotherapy, and in combination with radiation therapy is ongoing.