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Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation

What is the problem and what is known about it so far? Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Several different types exist: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common and, with timely treatment, they usually do not lead to major problems or death. Melanoma is less common but is more difficult to treat and can be deadly. Persons with fair skin, light hair and eye color, or freckles or who sunburn easily have a higher risk for skin cancer than do people with darker skin. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from natural sunlight or tanning booths increases skin cancer risk. Thus, counseling persons during health care visits to reduce sun exposure by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning booths or outdoor sun might be helpful. However, whether such counseling is effective in reducing risky behaviors and skin cancer was uncertain. The negative effects of such counseling could include vitamin D deficiency because sun exposure helps the body produce this vitamin or physical activity may be reduced from avoidance of outdoor activities. When the USPSTF last developed recommendations on this topic in 2003, it found too little information to recommend for or against counseling to prevent skin cancer in patients of any age. The USPSTF wanted to update these recommendations.