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Effects of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae on disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxins contamination in bread wheat (Part I).

BACKGROUND
Wheat is the most important winter crop in the world being affected by the presence of fungal mainly those belonging to the Fusarium genus. Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a serious disease that causes important economic damages and quantitative/qualitative losses, being F. graminearum and F. poae two of the most isolated species worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between F. graminearum and F. poae and the effects on disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxins contamination on five wheat genotypes under field conditions in three growing seasons.


RESULTS
Statistical differences between Fusarium treatments were found for disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxins contamination during 2014/2015 growing season. High values of incidence (58.00 ± 8.00%), severity (6.28 ± 1.51%) and FHB index (4.72 ± 1.35) were observed for F. graminearum+F. poae treatment. Regarding grain quality, results showed that the degradation of different protein fractions depends on each Fusarium species: glutenins were degraded preferably by F. graminearum (-70.82%), gliadins were degraded preferably by F. poae (-29.42%), while both protein fractions were degraded when both Fusarium species were present (-60.91% and -16.51%, respectively). Significant differences were observed for mycotoxin contamination between genotypes, being Proteo the most affected (DON=12.01 ± 3.67 μg/g). In addition, we reported that 3-ADON predominated over 15-ADON in the three seasons evaluated.


CONCLUSIONS
Variations in plant-pathogen interaction (Fusarium-wheat pathosystem) should be considered at least in the years with favorable climatic conditions to FHB development, due to the potential impact of this disease on grain quality and mycotoxin contamination. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.