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One-year clinical and echocardiographic follow-up of patients with congestive cardiomyopathy treated with captopril compared to placebo.

The beneficial hemodynamic and clinical effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in patients with severe congestive heart failure has recently been documented in large-scale studies. This mode of therapy when added to digitalis and diuretics improves survival. To evaluate the clinical effect and the changes in cardiac dimensions of captopril compared to placebo we followed 50 patients with severe congestive heart failure over 1 year using echo-Doppler cardiography. After randomization, 25 patients were started on captopril and 25 patients on placebo. At baseline and at 6 and 12 months, each patient underwent exercise tolerance test, radionuclide angiography to estimate left and right ventricular ejection fraction, M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler cardiography to calculate cardiac dimensions and stroke volumes. During follow-up two patients in the captopril group and four in the placebo group died. Due to clinical deterioration nine patients in the placebo group had to be started on open-label captopril. Treatment with captopril was associated with a more significant improvement in functional class and exercise duration compared to placebo. Forward stroke volume estimated from Doppler echocardiography increased significantly by captopril from 47 +/- 3 to 55 +/- 3 ml and decreased in the placebo-treated patients from 49 +/- 5 to 44 +/- 4 ml. This improvement was associated with a trend towards reduced heart rate by captopril. Left ventricular end diastolic volume tended to increase in the placebo group and did not change in the captopril group. Calculated mitral regurgitant volume at 6 and 12 months tended to be lower in the captopril-treated patients. Thus captopril therapy proved efficacious in patients with severe congestive heart failure and resulted in increased forward stroke volume; it may have a beneficial effect on cardiac dimensions and on mitral regurgitation.