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Induction and maintenance of specific multipotent progenitor stem cells synergistically mediated by Activin A and BMP4 signaling

We recently reported that epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs)‐like cells could be derived from preimplantation embryos (named as AFSCs). Here, we established AFSCs from pre‐implantation embryos of multiple mouse strains and showed that unlike EpiSCs, the derivation efficiency of AFSCs was affected by the genetic background. We then used AFSCs lines to dissect the roles of Activin A (Act A) and basic fibroblast growth factor and reported that Act A alone was capable of maintaining self‐renewal but not developmental potential in vivo. Finally, we established a novel experimental system, in which AFSCs were efficiently converted to multipotent progenitor stem cells using Act A and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (named as ABSCs). Importantly, these ABSCs contributed to neural mesodermal progenitors and lateral plate mesoderm in postimplantation chimeras. Taken together, our study established a robust experimental system for the generation of specific multipotent progenitor stem cells that was self‐renewable and capable of contributing to embryonic and extra‐embryonic tissues.