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Four misunderstandings about sustainability and transitions

In this book chapter, Thomas Block and Erik Paredis discuss four misunderstandings about sustainability and transitions. These popular and often-used concepts are subject to a diversity of interpretations and misunderstandings about their meaning. Four common ‘misunderstandings’ are (1) that sustainability is only about ecological concerns, (2) that we need a waterproof and objective definition of sustainability, (3) that every change towards sustainability can be seen as a transition and (4) that we can easily plan and manage sustainability transitions. The authors argue that sustainability is neither an objective standard nor an arbitrary concept, but that it is a broad political notion. Through a brief introduction to the multilevel perspective on sustainability transitions, they also indicate that building a more sustainable world is a very complex process that requires fundamental changes in socio-technical regimes. Transitions, they argue, go hand in hand with resistance, power struggles and questions of legitimacy which constitute its political 
dimension.