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Medical Ethics and Economic Medicalization

Medicalization is typically defined as a societal process where more and more aspects of everyday life come under medical dominion, influence and supervision. The process of medicalization is part of a larger historical transition involving social values associated with traditional institutions, such as the church, the common law and the family, being replaced by the values of science and the scientific method. The practice of medicine has been an important player in this transition. The observation that medicine had “nudged aside” or “replaced” religion as the dominant moral force in the social control of modern societies is a central theme in medicalization research surveyed in the influential review by Conrad (1992). However, the lack of cohesion in this research is reflected in the considerable effort Conrad and others dedicate to the search for a precise definition of ‘medicalization’. Writing over a decade later, a continuing lack of cohesion in the state of medicalization research is reflected by Sismondi (2004): “For the most part, medicalization is discussed in terms of the politics of professions, with medical professions gaining importance as they take control over the problems . The means by which economic interests shape medical knowledge and medical discourse have not been well explored”