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Mapping Empire: Knowledge Production and Government in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire

Many studies of the nineteenth century Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
 region have been concerned with the economic, social and political influence
 exerted by European colonial governments through the accumulation of
 knowledge about the region and its subsequent military domination. The
 case of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century demonstrates that
 European techniques of knowledge production were also strategically adopted
 by ruling elites outside the colonial metropolises. Ottoman adoption of
 European technologies and techniques were politically entwined with the
 empire’s territorial claims against nascent nationalisms and a calculated
 move towards knowledge-based forms of government administration in the
 quest to hold onto power. Cartographic and demographic methods used by
 the Ottomans produced new assemblages of territory and population that
 profoundly reshaped the objective of government and the conduct of imperial
 administration. Statistics and geography became the choice tools of social
 progress and advancement, underpinning the numerous reforms of the
 nineteenth century aimed at rationalisation and centralisation.