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Image defined risk factors in patients with neuroblastoma. Literature review

Currently, two staging systems are used: the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS), which relies on surgical staging, and the International Neroblastoma Risk Group Stading System (INRGSS), which relies on preoperative imaging for staging and image-defined risk. The article presents a review of the literature on image defined risk factors (IDRF) determined during radiological studies (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) in patients with neuroblastoma. The article focuses on the definition of IDRFs, their prevalence and their influence on surgical outcomes and prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma.