{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.016645326504481434, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0076824583866837385, 'mean_word_length': 5.357723577235772, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The Concept of Victimisation in the Racial Equality Directive and in the Netherlands: A Means for Effective Enforcement of the Right to Equal Treatment

The need for effective enforcement of the right to equal treatment, arguably, demands that the prohibition of victimisation, as enshrined in the Racial Equality Directive (2000/43/EC), be vested with substantive meaning, and interpreted as a form of discrimination. Such a reading needs to be consistently applied taking into consideration all the related consequences thereof. The Dutch implementation and application of this provision illustrate some of the problems that might occur if victimisation is not considered a form of discrimination resulting in a negative effect on the enforcement of the right to equal treatment.