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Self-Crosslinked MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Membranes with Good Anti-Swelling Property for Monovalent Metal Ions Exclusion.

Two-dimensional (2D) membrane-based separation technic has been increasingly applied to solve the problem of fresh water shortage via ion rejection. However, these 2D membranes often suffer from the notorious swelling problem when immersed in solution, resulting poor rejection for monovalent metal ion. Design of the anti-swelling 2D lamellar membranes has been proved to be a big challenge for highly efficient desalination. Here, a kind of self-crosslinked MXene membrane is proposed for ion rejection with obviously suppressed swelling property, which takes the advantage of the hydroxyl-terminal groups on the MXene nanosheets by forming Ti-O-Ti bonds between the neighboring nanosheets via the self-crosslinking reaction (-OH + -OH = -O- + H2O) through facile thermal treatment. The permeation rates of the monovalent metal ions through the self-crosslinked MXene membrane are about two orders of magnitude lower than that through the pristine MXene membrane, which indicates the obviously improved performance on the ion exclusion by self-crosslinking between the MXene lamellas. Moreover, the excellent stability of the self-crosslinked MXene membrane during the 70 h-long-term ion separation also demonstrates its promising anti-swelling property. Such a facile and efficient self-crosslinking strategy not only gives the MXene membrane good anti-swelling property for metal ions rejection, which is also suitable for many other 2D materials with tunable surface functional groups during membrane assembling.