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Genetic profiling of wheel running exercise‐induced adaptation of mouse soleus muscle

We previously reported improved Ca2+ handling capacity in mouse soleus muscle after 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running exercise (de Snoo et al., Faseb J, 19(4), A132, (2005)). To further investigate these results and underlying mechanisms, mRNA profiling was performed on pooled mRNA from soleus muscles isolated from animals in the running wheel (RWE; n=3) and sedentary control (SED; n=3) groups (male C57Bl/6 mice, age 10 weeks). The Affymetrix mouse 430 2.0 Genechip array was used. Data were analyzed with LIMMA (linear models of microarray), an implication in R. The top‐50 of most likely up‐ and downregulated genes were selected and clustered according to their function. Confirmation was obtained by RT‐PCR in subset of these genes. We found that genes responding to RWE fell into three major groups: (1) Ca2+ signaling, (2) Krebs cycle, and (3) cell cycle. The combination of up‐ and downregulated genes in group 1 (e.g. MARCKS↓, PLB↓, FK506BP↑) would enhance Ca2+ handling. Genes in group 2 (e.g. PDK4↓, Glut1↑) enhanced glucose metabolism and substrate oxidation (Krebs cycle). Genes in group (3) improved muscle differenti ation (e.g. MyoD↑, cyclinD1↓)