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Development of the Teamwork Inventory for Community-Based School Management:

The aim of the present study was to develop the Teamwork Inventory for Community-based School Management (TICSM) and to examine its reliability and validity. The participants in interviews conducted for item collection were individuals who were concerned about elementary and middle schools, including parents, community residents, and teachers. Based on an analysis of the interviews, items were c onstructed for the Teamwork Inventory for Community-based School Management for parents. The parents of elementary and middle school students ( N ＝ 495 ) completed the inventory in a survey conducted on line. Exploratory and conﬁrmatory factor analyses revealed that the scale was comprised of 3 factors: team orientation, team leadership, and team process. Correlations of each factor of the scale with trust in teachers and community residents, and group identity indicated the construct validity of the inventory. How to utilize the scale in education settings was discussed.