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Fabrication and optimization of vacuum free hybrid solar cells prepared using composites of zinc oxide nanoparticles and narrow band gap polymer composite

In this paper, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (Nrods)–polymer based bulk hetero-junction solar cells were fabricated employing an eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloy negative electrode coated using a brush-painting method. Devices were fabricated using the structure; indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS)/ZnO-Nrods+polymer/electron transport layer (ETL)/EGaIn. The overall device was operated under environmental conditions and compared with a device fabricated using thermally evaporated-aluminum as a negative electrode. Adding the ZnO (ETL) between the active layer (ZnO-Nrods+polymer) and the cathodes (Al or EGaIn) improved the performances of the investigated devices. Power conversion efficiencies of devices with different cathode electrodes (Al or EGaIn) were comparable.