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Dietary Leucine Supplementation Alters Muscle and Liver Protein Synthesis during Immune System Stimulation in Pigs

Immune system stimulation (ISS) adversely affects protein and amino acid (AA) metabolism, leading to a decrease in skeletal muscle protein synthesis and increases in muscle protein degradation and visceral protein synthesis. While such short‐term changes in protein metabolism are beneficial for supporting an immune response, prolonged alterations are undesirable as it negatively affects whole‐body protein deposition (PD) and body weight gain. Among essential AA, Leu has a regulatory role in protein turnover in skeletal muscle and other tissues through its effect on the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signalling pathway. However, ISS may produce a short‐term resistance to Leu in skeletal muscle that impairs the anabolic effects of this AA.