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What Is inside a Papilionoid Flower? II. Insights into the Vascular Anatomy of Faboideae

The diversity of vascular patterns in flowers of Fabaceae subfamily Faboideae is outstanding yet remains relatively overlooked. Studies of floral vasculature are fairly scarce, and the phylogenetic framework they have been interpreted in is outdated. Here we propose a reassessment of previous results, underlining the relevance of vascular characters for systematic studies. A thorough literature survey was conducted, we bring some remarkable and seminal work from the late 1960s into light, and we include recent results leading to the description of an until now unrecognized floral vascular pattern in Faboideae. Our review shows that the high diversity of floral vasculature patterns among Faboideae is mostly due to the shape and number of traces, the vertical and horizontal fusions among bundles, and the mode of division of stamen traces. The distribution of the different vascular patterns in the phylogeny of the subfamily does not seem random, particularly at the tribal level. In addition, floral nectaries located between the stamens and the carpel exhibit contrasting vascular supplies in Faboideae. Morphological constraints might have an impact on the division mode of the traces of Faboideae flowers with numerous stamens. Our review provides groundwork for future studies aiming to clarify the nature of floral nectaries’ structure and further investigate the evolution of floral vascular patterns in Faboideae using a representative taxonomic sampling and an updated phylogenetic framework.