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Genetically Engineered Mice by Pronuclear DNA Microinjection

The generation of transgenic mice by DNA microinjection is a powerful tool to investigate the molecular regulation of gene expression, development, and disease. The power of this technology is that foreign DNA can be introduced into every cell of a developing organism, and the phenotypic impact of this genetic modification can be investigated in a system under the constraints of normal development and physiology. The generation of transgenic mice requires the preparation of the transgene DNA construction, collection of one‐cell fertilized mouse embryos, injection of the transgene into mouse embryos, and transfer of the surviving embryos into a pseudopregnant female. Mice born from such manipulations are then screened for the presence of the transgene. The execution of these procedures requires a highly efficient system; otherwise, the cost of the generation of these mice can be cost prohibitive. However, the production of these animals can provide an invaluable research resource. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:245‐262 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.