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The Impact of Brownfield Reclamation on Surrounding Land Values and Crime

How have land values and crime patterns changed near brownfields post reclamation? This paper used geographic information systems analysis tools and statistical analysis to measure the change in land values and crime occurrences over time. Land value and crime data from 2002 were compared to the same geographic areas in 2005 using paired t-test analyses. Both land value and crime statistics were analyzed on a micro-level and macrolevel level for purpose of comparisons. The goal was to demonstrate whether or not brownfield sites have a measurable difference compared to control sites that did not receive brownfield reclamation investment. Steps were taken to select control and brownfield sites with similar qualities. Three different selection processes determined the control sites. Land value tests had control sites selected based upon attributes such as land use type, percent low-income residents, school district, and proximity to each other. Crime analysis tests had control sites selected based upon proximity alone. A bivariate correlation analysis was performed to determine if there was a relationship between dollars spent on cleanup and impact on total crime, property crime, and violent crime in 2005. Post brownfield reclamation shows two of three brown parcel groups near brownfields increased land values at the same rate as comparable control sites. The analysis of all former brownfields in Central Minneapolis revealed parcel land values within 1500 ft of brownfield sites showed a statistically significant decline in land value. However, post brownfield reclamation, the Central Minneapolis control neighborhoods showed significant increases in total value and property crime, but the neighborhoods with brownfield reclamation did not.