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Effect of seat angle and lumbar support on seated buttock pressure.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a lumbar support at two seat angles (0 degrees and 10 degrees of posterior tilt) on the area of highest buttock pressure. Twenty able-bodied subjects were seated on a pressure-sensing transducer incorporated into an adjustable chair (ischiobarograph). A video camera on the underside of the transducer detected changes in light levels in direct relation to pressure application. The camera output was processed by a microcomputer system that converted the signal into nine colors, each representing a distinct pressure interval in the range of 0 to more than 500 mm Hg. The microcomputer determined the area of each pressure interval before and after a 10-degree posterior tilt of the seat and lumbar support placement. The results demonstrated high test-retest reliability for each position (r = .95). A significant decrease in the six highest pressure intervals occurred when the lumbar support was used in both the upright and reclined positions (p less than .05). The results of this study have implications for wheelchair-dependent individuals.