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Cervantes and Modernity (review)

first part of the history was published during his lifetime, in 1535; the second and third parts remained unpublished until the mid-nineteenth century. Ife concentrates on Oviedo’s representation of the novelty of the landscape as a kind of political and personal allegory. The chronicler would seem to contrast the Old World as a source of positive values with the New World as a source of negative values—something along the lines of civilización y barbarie—but Ife finds an inversion, or subversion, of the premises, which gives increased status to the natural abundance of the newly encountered territories and increased authority to the writer. Ife grants to the New World a religious symbolism that associates it with God and with a divine and infinite space, as opposed to the finite realm of Europe and of the Emperor Charles V, whom man must serve unremittingly but who is always below his Creator in the order of things. Each essayist reads respectfully and ingeniously against the grain, so that the lessons of the volume encompass history, literature, and theoretical paradigms. Individually and collectively, the essays are enlightening and inspiring, full of ideas that whet the critical appetite.