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Update on the Management of Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis in AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To update readers on the pharmacotherapeutic management of cryptosporidiosis in patientswith AIDS. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was used to identify pertinent literature. Additionally, programs and abstracts from the 33rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; the 1st International Conference on Macrolides, Azalides, and Streptogramins; the 93rd American Society for Microbiology Meeting; and the 6th and 7th International Conferenceson AIDS were used. DATA EXTRACTION: Available data from in vitro, animal, and human experiments were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Intestinal cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS can be a life-threatening opportunistic infection. However, there can be significant variability in disease expression, including spontaneous remission. Supportive care with hydration and nutritional supplementation remains a hallmark of therapy. Unfortunately, there is no proven specific pharmacotherapy of cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS. Numerous agents have been analyzed for in vitro activity and efficacy in experimental animal models and actual human cases of the infection, including paromomycin, azithromycin, c1arithromycin, octreotide, hyperimmune bovine colostrum, bovine transfer factor, and many others. Because limited numbers of controlled trials have been conducted with potential therapeutic agents, the majority of the information to date is preliminary in nature. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the availability of some evolving and potentially promising treatment modalities, further controlled clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the role of pharmacotherapy for intestinal cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.