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The arrangement and identification of axons innervating the vas deferens of the guinea-pig.

The vas deferens of the guinea-pig has provided a suitable preparation for the physiological and pharmacological study of an autonomic nerve-smooth muscle junction. Excitatory nerve fibres to the vas deferens are derived from the hypogastric ganglion (Langley & Anderson, 1895; Sjostrand, 1962; Bentley & Sabine, 1963; Birmingham & Wilson, 1963; Ferry, 1967) and, until recently, were considered to be predominantly adrenergic (Hukovic, 1961; Burnstock & Holman, 1961, 1966; Bentley & Sabine, 1963; Birmingham & Wilson, 1963). Further investigation has cast doubt on this conclusion (Ambache & Zar, 1971; Wakade & Krusz, 1972) and suggests that there is a substantial non-adrenergic component of the innervation. The main evidence is: (1) the nerve mediated contraction is reduced by only 400 when the noradrenaline content is reduced by reserpine to 1 00 of normal; (2) x-adrenoreceptor antagonists block the contractions caused by noradrenaline but not those in response to nerve stimulation; (3) noradrenaline antagonizes, rather than enhances, the response to nerve stimulation. The proposed non-adrenergic component of transmission does not appear to be mediated by the release of acetylcholine (Bell, 1969; Ambache & Zar, 1971; Wakade & Krusz, 1972), although some physiological experiments have suggested the existence of a synergistic excitatory cholinergic innervation (Birmingham & Wilson, 1963; Della Bella, Benelli & Gardini, 1964; Birmingham, 1966; Bell, 1967; Clementi, Naimzada & Mantegazza, 1969). These recent pharmacological results indicate the need to extend our knowledge of the ultrastructure of the innervation of the guinea-pig vas deferens and, in particular, to distinguish the nerve types supplying the longitudinal muscle. In this organ, the small granular vesicles characteristic of adrenergic axons have proved difficult to demonstrate (Merrillees, Burnstock & Holman, 1963; Merrillees, 1968; Robinson, 1969; Iwayama & Furness, 1971), but the problem has now been overcome by using 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OH-DA) to label the vesicles of adrenergic axons (Furness & Iwayama, 1971). In the present work, the types of nerves and their distribution in the longitudinal and circular musculature of the vas deferens are described.