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The High Value-Added, Low-Wage Model: Progressive Competitiveness in Québec from Bourassa to Bouchard

In the face of global economic restructuring, progressive 
competitiveness has been sold as a means of maintaining and enhancing the welfare of citizens. Economic success is 
argued to flow from a space-specific institutional context of learning and innovation, wherein the State's key role involves linking firms, hard and soft infrastructure and organized interests. To be overly schematic, creating the right institutional context nurtures competitive industries, which in turn create surpluses that flow through to the whole population via consumption and state redistribution. However, critics have argued that selling competitiveness as a progressive project is mistaken, as it instead tends to create "competitive austerity." This article attempts to flesh out these issues by examining the Quebec case, where much has been invested in a competitiveness strategy, but with little to show in 
welfare gains.