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THE ROLE OF RELATIONSHIP FACTORS IN HARMFUL CAREGIVER BEHAVIORS: OLDER CHILDREN CARING FOR PARENTS WITH DEMENTIA

Abstract Elder abuse by family caregivers is an often-overlooked phenomenon that affects many older adults. Especially, retirement-aged children caring for their oldest-old parents with dementia may be at greater risk of engaging in harmful or abusive behaviors, given their own age-related health issues and other competing caregiving demands. Most of the elder abuse literature has focused on general demographic predictors of elder abuse, regarding the caregiver, care recipient, and the care environment. Less attention has been paid towards relationship factors, which may play a large role among these parent-child dyads. This study examined how relationship factors are associated with potentially harmful caregiver behaviors (PHCB; e.g., screaming), which have been identified as “early warning signs” for elder abuse. Relationship factors of interest include positive and negative relationship quality measured by caregivers’ mean scores on the support and conflict subscales on the Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI). We conducted in-depth interviews with 88 caregivers (65+) who are caring for their parents with dementia (90+) as the part of the Boston Aging Together Study. Regression models revealed that relationship conflict was significantly associated with higher levels of PHCB, accounting for caregiver, care recipient, and care environment characteristics. The creation of screeners to identify “high conflict” care dyads could prove useful in the early detection and intervention of potential elder abuse cases, given that caregivers may be more willing to report negative aspects of their relationship (e.g., fighting) than more obviously harmful or abusive behaviors.

The prevalence of financial exploitation (FE) experienced by older adults is increasing. Population-based survey estimates of FE in the older adult population range from 5% to 11%. Given the growing prevalence of FE victimization in older adult populations, understanding the population's vulnerability to FE has increased in importance. This study investigates a conceptual framework in an attempt to understand how financial stressors and resources are associated with substantiated FE in a sample consisting largely of black older adults. The study uses a cross-sectional design to investigate group differences among a total sample of 142 community-dwelling older adult participants, 62 of whom sought services to address FE and 80 with no FE history FE. Older adults who sought services to address FE were more likely to be unmarried and had fewer years of education. Financial literacy had a protective effect on FE, whereas and perceived financial vulnerability increased FE risk. According to the findings sociodemographic and financial stress and resource measures have significant relationships with FE. These findings support the conceptual framework describing their relationship. This new conceptual framework provides a guiding factor in better understanding older adult's vulnerability to financial exploitation. Scamming has become a booming, multibillion-dollar industry with millions of Americans targeted by scams each year. To better understand the rates of exposure to scams and factors that may increase a target's susceptibility to financial loss resulting from a scam, AARP commissioned a national survey that screened over 9,000 adults ages 18+ about their rates of encounters and financial loss from 26 popular scams. Among the total sample, 15% (an estimated 33 million people) reported losing money to a scam in the past year. Additionally, a subset of 3,280 respondents, including 1,085 respondents who lost money to a scam, were surveyed more extensively about their experiences. The study uncovered environmental and emotional factors in which targets are more susceptible to fraud. Specifically, fraud victims reported experiencing twice as many stressful life events (i.e., 4.0 vs. 1.9), 58% more fraud encounters, stronger emotional arousal during fraud encounters, and significantly less family support and closeness than nonvictims. Additionally, only two of the eight protection tools recommended by fraud experts (i.e., using a passcode and installing protective software on one's computer) were used by most respondents; and less than half of respondents reported using call blocking tools or online monitoring of their accounts, which can dramatically reduce exposure to scam encounters. Together, these findings show the importance of building public awareness of the role of stress, emotional arousal, and feelings of isolation in fraud susceptibility, and highlight the benefits of using fraud protection tools to limit one's exposure to fraud.

EMPOWERING SENIORS TO RECOGNIZE ELDER MISTREATMENT THROUGH PEER SUPPORT: RESULTS FROM A COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROJECT
Jessica Hsieh 1 , Sharon Tan 1 , Celeste Pang 2 , Raza Mirza 3 , and Christopher Klinger 1 , 1. University of Toronto,Toronto,Ontario,Canada,2. Egale,Toronto,Ontario,Canada,3. National Initiative for the Care of the Elderly, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Elder mistreatment, often understood in the context of abuse and neglect, is a growing concern for the health and wellbeing of seniors and their families. A 2015 Canadian prevalence study by the National Initiative for the Care of the Elderly (NICE) found that seniors who are mistreated are more willing to talk to other seniors, rather than clinicians, police or family. However, a lack of knowledge, access to resources, and community stigma may limit seniors' abilities to address mistreatment.This study evaluated the impact on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of having seniors deliver workshops on mistreatment to other seniors. A Seniors' Advisory Committee developed content for these workshops, delivered by seniors in sixteen communities across Ontario, Canada. Participants completed pre/post-surveys assessing changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. Results indicate that workshops effectively increased awareness of mistreatment issues among participants, on average, by 37%. Participants experienced a 44% increase in their perceived preparation to provide information to another older adult asking about mistreatment. Barriers to help-seeking among seniors include finding trustworthy sources, fear of retaliation, and a lack of legal protection. Prior to the training, healthcare providers were the main sources of information for participants (58%); depending on the severity of the situation, 60% of participants indicated eventually reporting to police, who are not the preferred source of information. Senior-led workshops about mistreatment appear to be effective for increasing knowledge and encouraging disclosure and help-seeking behaviours. Results support prevention models that empower seniors to educate other seniors on issues around mistreatment. caregiver, care recipient, and the care environment. Less attention has been paid towards relationship factors, which may play a large role among these parent-child dyads. This study examined how relationship factors are associated with potentially harmful caregiver behaviors (PHCB; e.g., screaming), which have been identified as "early warning signs" for elder abuse. Relationship factors of interest include positive and negative relationship quality measured by caregivers' mean scores on the support and conflict subscales on the Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI). We conducted in-depth interviews with 88 caregivers (65+) who are caring for their parents with dementia (90+) as the part of the Boston Aging Together Study. Regression models revealed that relationship conflict was significantly associated with higher levels of PHCB, accounting for caregiver, care recipient, and care environment characteristics. The creation of screeners to identify "high conflict" care dyads could prove useful in the early detection and intervention of potential elder abuse cases, given that caregivers may be more willing to report negative aspects of their relationship (e.g., fighting) than more obviously harmful or abusive behaviors.

SOCIAL NETWORKS AND HELP-SEEKING AMONG US CHINESE OLDER ADULTS REPORTED ELDER MISTREATMENT
Ying-Yu Chao 1 , Jin Young Seo 2 , and XinQi Dong 3 , 1.

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States, 2. Hunter College, CUNY, New York, New York, United States, 3. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
Purpose: Older immigrant adults are reported to be more tolerant of abusive situations and less likely to seek help. This study aimed to examine the associations between social networks and help-seeking among U.S. Chinese older adults reported elder mistreatment (EM).
Methods: Data were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE). Social networks were assessed with network size, volume of contact, emotional closeness, proportion kin, proportion female, and proportion coresident. Informal/formal help-seeking (intentions and actual behaviors) were measured. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed.
Results: A total of 450 participants reported EM. Participants had a mean age of 72.73 ± 8.03 years old (range 60-97). Participants had a mean of 3.29 (SD ± 1.31) network members, a mean of 3.24 (SD ± 0.67) emotional closeness, and average contacts of 6.62 (SD ± 1.10) times per year with network members. Smaller network size (p = .00) and less emotional closeness (p = .03) were associated with an increase in intentions of seeking help from formal sources. Compared to not seeking help, smaller network size (p = .04) and more emotional closes (p = .03) were associated with a higher likelihood to seek help from informal sources among U.S. Chinese older adults who reported any EM. Conclusion/ implication: This study highlights the dynamic nature of social networks of help-seeking among this underserved population. Culturally tailored interventions are suggested to promote help-seeking through increasing strong ties and improving the quality of social networks for U.S. Chinese older immigrants with EM.

THE ROLE OF FORMAL RESOURCES ON ELDER MISTREATMENT HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIORS AMONG ASIAN OLDER ADULTS
Eun Jeong Lee 1 , Ga-Young Choi 2 , and Eun Koh 3 , 1. Asian American Resource and Information Network,Wood Ridge,New Jersey,United States,2. California State University,Los Angeles,Los Angeles,California,United States,3. The Catholic University of America,Washington,District of Columbia,United States Elder mistreatment is one of the most difficult topics to talk about among Asian older adult immigrants in the U.S. because they are unfamiliar and uncomfortable to disclose the issue due to their unique cultural values and limited English language proficiency. We recruited 494 community dwelling older adults from five cities who identified themselves of Asian ethnicity, and were 55 years old and older. Participants had various Asian ethnic and language backgrounds (e.g. Korean, Chinese, Filipino, and Vietnamese). Most of them were foreign-born (84.6%) with the mean age of 69.0 (SD = 8.47). Using the participant survey data, we focused on examining difference regarding elder mistreatment experience, perceptions, and help-seeking intentions between the Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) group and the non-SCSEP group that may or may not participate in paid workforce. The SCSEP is the federally paid workforce program for low-income older adults aged 55 or above aiming at fostering older adults' community service and economic self-sufficiency. There was a significant difference in emotional mistreatment experiences between SCSEP and non-SCSEP participants. Furthermore, the two groups were significantly different in their likelihood of seeking help from Adult Protective Services (APS). Those who ever participated in the SCSEP were more likely to seek help from APS (X2 = 1, N = 284) = 4.674, p ≤ .05. Implications for future research and gerontology services are discussed to enhance Asian older adults' awareness of elder mistreatment, and APS and other formal sources of help.

PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A NOVEL MEASURE OF FINANCIAL ABUSE OF OLDER ADULTS
David Hancock 1 , Karl Pillemer 2 , David Burnes 3 , Sara Czaja 1 , and Mark Lachs 4 , 1. Weill Cornell Medicine,New York City,New York,United States,2. Cornell University,Ithaca,New York,United States,3. University of Toronto,Toronto,Ontario,Canada,4. Weill Cornell Medicine,New York,New York,United States Background and Objectives: Elder abuse, or mistreatment affects at least 1 in 10 older adults. Financial abuse, or exploitation, of older adults is among the most commonly reported forms of abuse. Few validated measures exist to measure this construct. We aim to present a new psychometrically validated measure of financial abuse of older adults.

Research Design and
Methods: Classical test theory and item response theory methodologies were used to examine a five-item measure of financial abuse of older adults, administered as part of the New York State Elder Mistreatment Survey.
Results: Factor analysis revealed a single factor best fits the data, which we labeled as financial abuse. Moreover, IRT analyses revealed that these items discriminated well between