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The demonstration of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia with tumorlets in a patient with chronic cough and a history of multiple medical problems.

A 58-year-old woman presented with chronic cough felt to be multifactorial secondary to asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and chronic sinusitis. Additional medical history included obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. She had a 40- year history of tobacco use, but quit 10 years ago. Her examination was significant for obesity and cobble stoning of the oropharynx. Pulmonary function testing and arterial blood gases were unrevealing. Chest films were normal. High-resolution computed tomography revealed multiple focal lucencies in a mosaic pattern consistent with air trapping and small airways disease. Bronchoscopy revealed normal airways and a noninflammatory bronchoalveolar lavage. Transbronchial biopsies revealed inflammatory infiltrates of the peribronchiolar interstitium. Lung biopsy revealed pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia with tumorlets that stained positive for neuroendocrine tissue. We present the case of a woman with chronic cough, multiple medical problems, and pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia with tumorlets.