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Pretranslational Regulation of Rhythmic Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase Expression by β-Adrenergic Mechanism in the Rat Pineal Gland.

It has been demonstrated that type II iodothyronine deiodinase is present in rat pineal gland, and the deiodinase activity markedly increases during the hours of darkness, primarily throughβ -adrenergic mechanism. We have studied the relationship between pineal type II iodothyronine deiodinase messenger RNA (mRNA) and the deiodinase activity to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the nocturnal rise in pineal deiodinase activity. Northern analysis has demonstrated that type II iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA is expressed in rat pineal gland, and the mRNA markedly increases during the hours of darkness. The nocturnal increase in pineal type II iodothyronine deiodinase activity is preceded by the increase in its mRNA. Daytime isoproterenol administration resulted in a rapid increase in pineal type II iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA followed by the increase in deiodinase activity. Propranolol treatment, bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy, or constant light exposure significantly suppressed the nocturnal ...