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Whole grain intake is associated with intakes of other foods and nutrients and some markers of health in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme years 1, 2 and 3

There is much epidemiological evidence to suggest an inverse association of whole grain consumption with the risk of many non-communicable diseases. The risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity and some cancers has been shown to be reduced in higher consumers against low or non-consumers of whole grain (1,2,3) . We have previously shown that whole grain intake in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008 – 2011 population is low, with 18% of adults and 15% of children/teenagers consuming no whole grain (4) . It is important to understand whether the health bene ﬁ ts associated with intake of whole grains are still present at low levels of consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of daily whole grain intake with intakes of other foods and nutrients, and markers of health (anthropometric and blood measures) in the NDNS 2008 – 2011 population. The NDNS is a representative dietary survey of households in the UK. Four-day diet diaries were completed by 3073 individuals between 2008 and 2011, along with the collection of anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist/hip ratio and body mass index (BMI)), blood pressure and blood samples. Daily whole grain intake was calculated for each individual, considering foods with any whole grain content, on a dry matter basis. Whole grain intake was also