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Separation and determination of phenol, alpha-naphthol m- and p-, o-cresols and 2,5-xylenol, and catechol in the urine after mixed exposure to phenol, naphthalene, cresols, and xylenols.

The evaluation of mixed exposure to chemical compounds may be carried out by measuring the rate of excretion of each of their metabolites in the urine, separating the compounds beforehand. It has been shown that phenol may be detected after exposure to benzene` or phenol.46 Paradowski etal have shown that after mixed exposure to phenol and cresol the presence of phenol and oand p-cresol may be shown in the urine of exposed workers.7 Since the metabolism of benzene8 and phenol compounds9 is well known one may assume that phenolic compounds are excreted into the urine as glucuronides and sulphates'0 and that a-naphthol is also eliminated.11 The splitting of the phenols and cresols from their carriers is made possible by the use of enzymes or by simple acid hydrolysis.12 13 When the compounds are liberated it is easy to transfer them quantitatively into ethyl ether by simple extraction.13 There is no published information about the levels of cz-naphthol when xylenols are present in the urine of people exposed simultaneously to both phenols and xylenols. We have attempted to develop a method for simultaneously determining phenol, o-, m-, and pcresol, a-naphthol, and 2,5-xylenol in the urine of industrial workers after mixed exposure to phenol, cresols, xylenols, and naphthalene.