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Modality Tests for Use in Applied Econometrics: Application to Macroeconomic Convergence

We examine three tests, widely employed in the statistics literature, that help determine the number of modes in an empirical nonparametric kernel density. The tests are described and applied to the Penn World Table (PWT) data set on world-wide per capita income to study convergence. Our results suggest that the distribution of world-wide per capita income, contrary to conventional wisdom based on informal inspection, may have been multimodal throughout the period covered by the PWT data set. JEL classiflcation codes: C1.