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In vitro modulation of the toxicity associated with the use of zidovudine on normal murine, human, and murine retrovirus‐infected hematopoietic progenitor stem cells with basic fibroblast growth factor and synergistic activity with interleukin‐1

The antiviral drug used in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, zidovudine, has proved effective in ameliorating the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, associated with zidovudine is the development of severe bone marrow toxicity manifested by anemia, neutropenia, and occasionally thrombocytopenia. We report the results of studies that demonstrate the ability of basic fibroblast growth factor (B‐FGF) to reduce zidovudine toxicity to several classes of hematopoietic progenitors (granulocyte‐macrophage, CFU‐GM; megakaryocyte. CFU‐Meg; and erythroid, BFU‐E) from normal murine, human, and murine retrovirus–infected bone marrow cells when cocultured with zidovudine in vitro. Optimal response to B‐FGF was observed at a dose concentration of 10 ng/ml. The specificity of B‐FGF was demonstrated in the presence of protamine sulfate, an effective inhibitor of B‐FGF mitogenic activity. In addition, synergistic activity of B‐FGF on zidovudine‐induced hematopoietic stem cell toxicity was observed in the presence of interleukin 1 (IL‐1) (30 ng/ml). These studies demonstrate that B‐FGF is capable of reducing the hematopoietic toxicity associated with zidovudine and that such an effect can be amplified in the presence of IL‐1.