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Antidepressants and drug‐metabolizing enzymes — expert group report

Antidepressant drugs are extensively metabolized. Consequently, the biotransformation pattern of antidepressants has an important influence on their clinical properties, i.e., pharmacokinetics, toxicity, drug‐drug interactions, side‐effect profile and last but not least therapeutic efficacy. It was against this background that a multidisciplinary group of experts discussed the clinical relevance of the rapidly increasing body of knowledge of antidepressant‐metabolizing enzymes. The variability of the response of a given individual to an antidepressant is determined genetically and by the environment. Genetic polymorphism of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and inhibition by other substrates may affect the enzymatic biotransformation of antidepressants. In vitro assay techniques allow an estimation of the potential variability in clinical response to antidepressants and a reasonable prediction of the drug‐drug interaction patterns. The results of in vitro tests should therefore be considered early in the development of an antidepressant as a background for designing clinical studies (treatment schedules and dosing).