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Effect of gemini surfactant additives on pour point depressant of crude oil

ABSTRACT Efficiencies of cationic gemini surfactant additives in improving the pour point depressant of crude oil were investigated. The length of alkyl chain is a major factor affecting the improvement of the pour point depression. The adsorption behavior of these gemini surfactants at air/solution and oil/solution interfaces were investigated by measuring the surface tension and interfacial tension as functions of concentration. It is found that there is a good relation between surface properties especially interfacial tension of the gemini surfactants and their efficiency in depressing the pour point. Also, the surface parameters and free energies of micellization and adsorption confirm the decreasing and improving of pour point depression. Crystallization study in crude oil revealed the relationship between the structure and activity of gemini surfactant additives. It is found that the x-ray diffraction patterns of waxes with additives are remarkably different from those without additives. The mechanism of the depressants action has been suggested according the adsorption of each additive. Adsorption of the additive on the surface of the wax particles inhibits their growth and alters the crystal habits through micelle core. Pretreatment of the crude oil with pour point depressants has received the greatest acceptance due to its simplicity and economy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT