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A survey on real-time Ethernet

Smart manufacturing era is coming. As the nervous system in smart manufacturing, real-time Ethernet (RTE) has been one of the main research focuses in academia for decades and has become a multidisciplinary area. With these growing research trends, it is important to consolidate the latest knowledge and information to keep up with research needs. This paper compares the similarity and imparity of RTE protocols defined by IEC 61158 from the perspective of protocol model, transmission mode of real-time data, synchronisation mode, topology and communication mode. Meanwhile, this paper introduces the performance indicators (PIs) defined by IEC61784-2 and several special PIs. This paper also presents evaluation methods of RTE in actual application. A brief literature survey and possible future directions are included.