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The reduction the load on the MSW landfill by optimizing the waste management system of residential territories

The article considers the possibility of reducing the load on municipal solid waste landfills in the real conditions of Tyumen. Analysis of the content of bio fermented components in wastes in Tyumen was carried out. A decentralized scheme for collecting, accumulating and disposing of municipal solid waste (MSW) of multi-apartment buildings for the purpose of generating and using methane is given. It is established that the amount of methane produced is sufficient to compensate for the communal needs of apartment buildings. Reduction of anthropogenic impact of landfills of solid domestic waste is possible with the introduction of utilization and use of biogas at the place of waste generation. A project has been developed for the placement of decentralized MSW processing facilities in the area of the existing residential district. Potential options for utilization of methanogenesis products were selected.


Introduction
According to [1], almost all waste of the housing and communal sector in the south of the Tyumen Region is located in the dumps and landfills of municipal solid waste (MSW), the total area of which in the region is 3 880 hectares. The distribution of waste storage facilities by type is shown in Figure 1.   Analyzing the situation with the placement of waste, we can say with confidence that over the past two years the number of unauthorized objects has increased, and the number of officially authorized ones has decreased. This indicates a low environmental and economic efficiency of the existing waste management scheme in the region [2, 3]. The purpose of this research is to consider an alternative scheme of waste management on the example of the city of Tyumen.

Materials and methods
The largest MSW landfill in the Tyumen region -Velizhansky, has been in operation since 2010 ( The landfill accepts MSW and waste products that are close to them in composition. This object is used only for disposal of waste, does not have a centralized sorting and processing of waste. According to the administrations of municipal districts and urban districts, sorting for the purpose of extracting secondary material resources from MSW throughout the South of the Tyumen region was not carried out [1,5]. Only in Tyumen the technology of separate collection of municipal solid waste is partially implemented. At the same time, this practice in 2017 had an episodic character with a low level of efficiency. The introduction of separate collection of municipal solid waste in Tyumen in 2017 had no significant impact on the waste management system. Solid domestic waste has a significant resource value. The Wastes of the Velizhansky polygon [6,7] contain 75% recycled components, including biologically active (Figure 3).   This confirms the possibility of methane fermentation of solid waste in order to obtain biogas. However, significant areas occupied by landfills, as well as the lack of control and technological methods of intensification of methanogenesis in the landfill do not allow doing it in natural conditions. The construction of reactors for fermentation requires significant investment and increased requirements for the safety of the facility. All this contributes to the gradual abandonment of centralized waste collection, storage and disposal [8,10].

Results
The concept of processing and use of solid waste at the place of formation is shown in Figure 4. The presented scheme of waste management involves: 1. Separate collection of municipal solid waste from apartment buildings on specialized place 2. Primary wastewater treatment with the removal of large objects that prevent the transportation of wastewater 3. Grinding and dehydration of a mixture of MSW suitable for fermentation and sewage sludge 4. Production of methane, carbon dioxide and humus-like product as a result of methane fermentation 5. Use of the received products for needs of housing and communal services of the residential district The introduction of a decentralized scheme solves several pressing problems in the field of housing and communal services: 1. Reduce the amount of waste to be accumulated to 5% of the total mass and, as a result, reduce the load on landfills, thereby minimizing their area and increasing their service life. 2. It will contribute to the elimination of blockages of intra-house and intra-municipal sewerage networks, reducing accidents and ensuring the stable operation of urban networks and sewage facilities. 3. It will produce methane up to 1.5 m 3 per day per inhabitant suitable for use in roof boilers [11]. All volume of engineering constructions according to the presented scheme can be placed within the residential district. The architectural concept is presented in Figures 5 and 6.   The modeling of methane formation conditions and the calculation of the main characteristics of the process equipment were carried out for the quarter shown in Fig. 5. As a result of preliminary calculations, the overall dimensions of the blocks were determined (Fig. 7), which is included in the technological scheme of co-digestion.

Conclusion
The accumulation of waste in the environment dramatically affects all elements of the biosphere: changes in relief, evaporation of moisture and groundwater, the nature of vegetation, surface runoff regimes, accumulation of toxic products in biota and transmission along the food chain [12,13]. Storage of waste is associated with the alienation of large areas, often not subject to restoration and reclamation after the end of the service life [14]. The total impact of waste causes significant environmental and economic damage [15,16,17,18].
Recycling of municipal solid waste by anaerobic digestion reduces the load on municipal solid waste landfills, which will lead to positive changes in the biosphere as a whole.
Co-processing of municipal waste in apartment houses at the place of education allows us to improve the hydraulic modes and conditions of operation of the system of collection of sewage water due to the extraction of floating large impurities (waste).
In addition, biomethanogenesis products are suitable for use in the national economy, as a source of thermal, mechanical and electrical energy, the catalyst for the growth of plants or soil [19,20].