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Features of Engineering Geological Investigations in Regions Underlain by Deposits of Volcanic Origin

Soils of volcanic origin in the fields of Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology are rarely encountered as compared to other global residual soils. As such, research on the behavior of weathered soils of volcanic origin is almost inexistent and in literature these deposits are treated same as conventional residual soils, complying to existing standards which are applicable in respective developed countries. This paper gives an inventory of volcanic basaltic deposits and the soil testing methodologies practiced on residual materials derived from weathered basalt and agglomerates occurring in Mauritius Republic, which is an island of volcanic origin located in the Indian Ocean, and where currently soil testing is carried out in compliance with the British Standard BS 1377. Some comparisons have been made with existing standards of another regions, particularly those prevailing in the Eastern European Countries. The genetics and geological history of the founding material resulting from weathering process of volcanic basalt and also the principles adopted to assess the consistencies and strengths of the encountered weathered material on site and laboratory conditions have been overviewed. Laboratory tests, like consolidation and triaxial tests, performed on undisturbed samples of volcanic residual soils may not always be appropriate for this particular family of soils due to the gravelly nature and degree of disturbance during extraction of the latter. Somehow adapted site investigation methods, namely standard penetration tests and plate load bearing tests yield tangible information which are coherent with prevailing site conditions, deemed reliable for design purposes and may be recommended for weathered soils of volcanic origin encountered on the island and possibly for countries underlain by similar deposits.