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Deployment issues for robust time synchronization in WSN

The practical applications of wireless sensor networks require robust time synchronization. In this paper we describe the Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP) that provides time synchronization service in such networks. We found there are Key nodes and Non-key nodes when using FTSP in the case of temperature interference. This protocol was designed to utilize low communication bandwidth, scale well for medium sized multi-hop networks, and be robust against temperature interference when temperature impact on the Non-key nodes. The data from a controlled experiment shows the average network-wide synchronization error under temperature interference to be in the microsecond ranges. This paper proposes the deployment issues against temperature interference in WSN for robust time synchronization.