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The redirection of adipocyte to osteoblast through the alteration of the Casein Kinase 2 interaction with the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Pathway

Osteoporosis is a degenerative disorder resulting in the loss of bone mass over time with the replacement of fat. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) is a growth factor that promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes. Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) interacts with BMP2 receptor Ia (BMPRIa) at three phosphorylation sites. When CK2 is prevented from binding to one of its sites on BMPRIa with the use of a CK2 blocking peptide, the pathway promotes the differentiation of a particular cell. When peptide CK2.2 is used to stimulate cells differentiating the stem cells into both adipocytes and osteoblast then several days later stimulated again with CK2.3 we see a decrease in adipocyte and an increase in osteoblast in comparison to the controls only stimulated with either peptide alone. This difference suggests a redirection from adipocytes to osteoblasts caused by CK2.3. To find further evidence for a redirection, cells were cultured out of three types of mice: a high bone density mouse (1–12), a low bone density mouse (6T), and a control mouse (B6). Each type of cell was stimulated with CK2.3 and a series of controls. The amount of mineralization and adipogenesis was then determined.