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Papel del estrés oxidativo en el desarrollo del deterioro cognitivo y su progresión a enfermedad de Alzheimer

This review aims to provide scientific evidence of the role of oxidative stress in the development of cognitive impairment and its progression to Alzheimer's disease. Oxidative stress originates when there is an uncontrolled production of free radicals that disrupts the balance between oxidants and antioxidants, favoring oxidants. It has been associated with oxidative stress with the pathogenesis of brain aging, cognitive impairment and some neurological diseases. The cells of the central nervous system produce a high amount of free radicals since their energy demand is high, this coupled with a low antioxidant capacity, favors the appearance of a pro-oxidant environment that contributes to neurodegeneration and neuronal death. Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent form of dementia, it is characterized by neurodegenerative changes that occur with cognitive impairment, progressive impairment of memory and thought, until preventing the performance of daily life activities. Neuropathologically, it is characterized by the presence of extracellular deposits of β-amyloid peptide in the form of neurofibrillar plaques and clews; lesions capable of generating damage and neuronal death that lead to cognitive failure through the generation of more free radicals