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A study on histomorphological patterns of endometrial biopsies in women with infertility

Background: Infertility is a global health problem. Cyclical histological changes in the endometrium reflect the fluctuating hormone levels and enables histological appearance of endometrium to be a reliable parameter to evaluate the cause of infertility. The aim was to study histomorphological patterns of endometrial tissue in cases of infertility. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study on 250 endometrial samples of infertile women both primary and secondary was carried out to find the histomorphological patterns of endometrium in infertile women. Results: 250 endometrial biopsies of patients presenting with infertility were studied. The age ranged from 20 to 45 years, with mean age of 31.47+3.15 years. Majority of the cases were of primary infertility 165 cases (66%) and secondary infertility 85 cases (34%). The various patterns include proliferative phase 76 cases (30.4%), early secretory phase 15 cases (6%), mid secretory phase 15 cases (6%) and late secretory phase 36 cases (14.4%), endometrial polyp 40 cases (16%), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia 52 cases (20.8%), atypical endometrial hyperplasia 2 cases (0.8%), nonspecific endometritis 12 cases (4.8%) and tuberculous endometritis 2 cases (0.8%). Conclusion: Endometrial biopsies provide an insight into the hormonal response of endometrium as well as the local factors of endometrium. Hence the histological examination of endometrial biopsy is the most confirmatory tool for the diagnosis of infertility.