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BREAST MILK EFFECTS ON CLINICAL SIGNS OF ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS IN INFANTS UP TO 6 MONTHS OF AGE

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common infections in childhood and it can be especially dangerous in the first 6 months of life with a higher risk of moderate and severe dehydration, especially in infants who are not exclusively breastfed. The aim of this study was to to evaluate the clinical pattern of acute gastroenteritis in infants up to 6 months of age, to correlate the severity of the disease related to the type of nutrition and to determine the possible microbiological causes of the acute gastroenteritis in this age group. A total of 23 infants with acute gastroenteritis divided into 2 groups based on the feeding patterns (type of milk) were included in the study. Investigated indicators were severity of symptoms, dehydration degree and the need for parenteral rehydration. It was identified a statistically significant association between group affiliation and severity of symptoms depending on the feeding type between first and second group. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants up to 6 months of age was Rotavirus. Our study has shown that exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of Rotavirus infection especially in the first 6 months of life OR= 0.0758, 95% CI (0.0071-0.8074). Breast milk has an effect on the severity of the clinical picture of acute gastroenteritis by reducing the number and severity of diarrheal episodes, the vomiting frequency, fever frequency and the risk of moderate and severe dehydration. that exclusive breastfeeding effective in preventing Rotavirus infection by the risk of Rotavirus infection in children, in the first 6 months of life. Some have shown that Rotavirus is a more common cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants than Adenovirus 2001 Carraturo 2008). These results support our findings that the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants was Rotavirus . In this study, clinical signs and symptoms 24 hours before hospital admission were evaluated and clinical condition during treatment was assessed, as well as the need for parenteral rehydration, and the length of hospitalization. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05.) for the average number of vomiting before admission was registered between the the two groups with less frequent vomiting in exclusively breastfed infants in the first group. Regarding the number of liquid stool 24 hours before admission, high statistically significant difference was registered between the first and second group. Sherif et al., 2015 did not prove statistical significance for the degree of dehydration between groups, but in our study all infants from the first group who were exclusively breastfeed had a mild degree of dehydration while in the second group only 25% of infants had a mild degree of dehydration, the rest had a moderate and severe degree of dehydration. Similar results were obtained in the study of Fuchs et al., 1996, which found that infants study performed