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Generating Expensive Relationship Features from Cheap Objects

We investigate the problem of object relationship classiﬁcation of visual scenes. For a relationship object1-predicate-object2 that captures the object interaction, its representation is composed by the combination of object1 and object2 features. As a result, relationship classiﬁcation models usually bias to the frequent objects, leading to poor generalization to rare or unseen objects. Inspired by the data augmentation methods, we propose a novel Semantic Transform Generative Adversarial Network (ST-GAN) that synthesizes relationship features for rare objects, conditioned on the features from random instances of the objects. Speciﬁcally, ST-GAN essentially offers a semantic transform function from cheap object features to expensive relationship features. Here, “cheap” means any easy-to-collect object which possesses an original but undesired relationship attribute, e.g., a sitting person ; “expensive” means a target relationship on this object, e.g., person-riding-horse . By generating massive triplet combinations from any object pair with larger variance, ST-GAN can reduce the data bias. Extensive experiments on two benchmarks – Visual Relationship Detection (VRD) and Visual Genome (VG), show that using our synthesized features for data augmentation, the relationship classiﬁcation model can be consistently improved in various settings such as zero-shot and low-shot.