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How isotopic fractionation of snowmelt affects hydrograph separation

We present the isotopic composition of meltwater samples from four seasonal snowpacks: a warm, maritime snowpack in California; a temperate continental snowpack in Vermont; a cold continental snowpack in Colorado; and an Arctic snowpack in Alaska. Despite the very different climate conditions the δ18O of meltwater from all four snowpacks increased as melting progressed. This trend is consistent with theoretical results that model isotopic exchange between water and ice as meltwater percolates through a snowpack.