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Pedagogical methodologies and strategies used in anatomy education: a scoping review

Anatomy is an important subject to master since it is the backbone of numerous disciplines in the field of healthcare. As education advances, so do the expectations of students when it comes to their learning approach. To optimize efficient teaching and to maximize knowledge, medical universities are using a variety of methods in teaching anatomy. Nonetheless, some may be effective and some may not be as effective. This study aims to assess and provide an insight on the current pedagogical methodologies employed in anatomy education through a scoping review of the literature. A search was performed targeting traditional and innovative learning approaches using mainly EBSCOhost (ERIC and ScienceDirect), Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and various electronic databases, with combinations of MeSH terms. The studies that were deemed eligible for further analysis were published in English with specific reference to teaching techniques used in anatomy. Emphasis was placed on studies that assessed the effectiveness of certain techniques. A descriptive analysis and results were reported. A total number of 191 studies were included and analyzed. The majority of studies were from North America, Europe, and Asia. Results suggest that there are several effective teaching methods in anatomy that can be used. However, all methods examined in this study offer their own advantages and limitations. This scoping review confirmed that most studies focused mainly on implementing innovative teaching approaches with an increased interest in CAI. Nevertheless, as the integration of new technologies inside the classroom being taken place, the importance of traditional teaching approaches must not be dismissed.