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An association of human T‐cell lymphotropie virus type I infection with vascular dementia

Subjects ranging in age from 50 to 89 years old, either with or without dementia were studied by both ELISA for anti‐human T‐cell lymphotropie virus type I (HTLV‐I) gag 100–130 antibody and by cranial CT in order to clarify the relationship between HTLV‐I infection and dementia. The frequency of anti‐HTLV‐I antibody was found to be significantly higher in the patients with dementia (24/130,18.5%) than in those without dementia (11/139, 7.9%) (P=0.0169). Among the various types of dementia, HTLV‐I seropositivity was found to be significantly associated with vascular dementia (11/48,23%) (P=0.0087), but not with Alzheimer type dementia. In addition, HTLV‐I seropositivity was also associated with Babinski sign, and the severity of cerebral infarction, ventricular dilatation and periventricular lucency on CT. The presence of HTLV‐I therefore appears to be one of the risk factors for vascular dementia in HTLV‐I endemic areas.