{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0009090909090909091, 'mean_word_length': 5.838509316770186, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Energy behavior analysis of electric and hybrid vehicles over traffic signals’ adjustment scenarios

New electrified powertrains are increasingly entering the vehicular fleet and therefore their energy response to traffic management measures that have been designed for conventional vehicles is under consideration. The present paper examines the effect of traffic signals’ adjustment on the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of various types of modern powertrains, such as hybrids and electric vehicles, estimating the effect of signal settings on vehicular energy consumption. This examination follows a modeling approach, where vehicular speed profiles for various signal setting scenarios were evaluated in energy terms, with the use of detailed instantaneous powertrain models of hybrid and electric vehicles. The evaluation reveals the formed trends on the energy performance of modern vehicles when an adjustment of traffic signal settings is applied to traffic. The recognition of these trends is essential as traffic streams will be increasingly penetrated by new electrified powertrains.