{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03633141338059371, 'fraction_numerical': 0.018165706690296855, 'mean_word_length': 5.324929971988795, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Tachykininergic synaptic transmission in the coeliac ganglion of the guinea‐pig

1 The responses of coeliac ganglion neurones of the guinea‐pig to electrical stimulation of the mesenteric nerves and applications of tachykinin receptor agonists were investigated by use of intracellular recording techniques. 2 Ganglion neurones were classified into three groups based on firing patterns in response to a depolarizing current pulse: phasic (38% of the population), tonic (39%) and atypical (23%). In the majority of phasic neurones (91%) a long after‐hyperpolarization (LAH) lasting 5–8 s followed action potentials induced by a train of depolarizing current pulses. In contrast, LAH was rarely observed in tonic neurones (5%). 3 In most of tonic neurones (90%) slow excitatory post‐synaptic potentials (e.p.s.ps) lasting 3–10 min were evoked by repetitive electrical stimulation of the mesenteric nerves. Prolonged depolarizations were also evoked in most tonic neurones by applications of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) or senktide, a tachykinin NK3 receptor agonist. 4 In most of phasic neurones (73%), mesenteric nerve stimulation did not induce an obvious depolarization but induced a prolonged inhibition of LAH lasting 3–10 min. Bath‐applied tachykinin receptor agonists similarly induced an inhibition of LAH without causing depolarization in most of the phasic neurones. 5 GR71251 (5 μm), a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, partially depressed the nerve‐evoked slow e.p.s.ps in tonic neurones and the nerve‐evoked LAH inhibition in phasic neurones. 6 Capsaicin (0.1–5 μm) induced a prolonged depolarization in tonic neurones and an inhibition of LAH in phasic neurones. 7 A mixture of peptidase inhibitors potentiated the depolarization and the LAH inhibition evoked by nerve stimulation, SP and NKA, but not those evoked by senktide. 8 It is concluded that tonic neurones respond to repetitive mesenteric nerve stimulation preferentially with slow e.p.s.ps and that phasic neurones respond preferentially with LAH inhibition. The present study further suggests that SP and NKA, released from axon collaterals of primary afferent neurones, produce slow e.p.s.ps in tonic neurones and the LAH inhibition in phasic neurones via NK1 receptors.