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LEARNING FROM IMAGES: Renal Volume in Polycystic Kidney Disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal cystic disease. Majority of families with ADPKD have an abnormality on chromosome 16 (PKD1 locus) resulting in end stage renal disease at a mean age of 54.3 years. The diagnosis and management of ADPKD relies primarily on imaging studies. Renal ultrasonography is commonly utilized to screen family members for ADPKD [1]. The ultrasonographic criteria for the diagnosis of ADPKD for at risk individuals are age dependent. Individuals aged 40 -59 years with two cysts in each kidney on ultrasonography is associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 90 and 100% respectively. CT scan (Fig. 1) imaging is more sensitive than ultrasonography and can identify cysts with a diameter of 23mm.