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Development of a reactor with optical access for in-situ analysis of fast pyrolysis

A pyrolysis reactor with optical access was developed to study the in-situ reactions taking place during the first stages of fast pyrolysis. All aspects of the reactor are documented, including sample insertion, temperature profiling, and species measurements. Analytical instruments including a gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were used in the experiments. In the case of the FTIR, a commercial instrument was modified to allow in situ analysis and to enable sufficient sensitivity for time-resolved measurements during the reaction. Cellulose and Lignin were pyrolyzed, and qualitative identification of the main products was gained from the chromatogram with the FTIR as a function of residence time in the reactor. Also, hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs/ps CARS) was applied to study phenol and 2,2’-biphenol demonstrating the capability of identifying biomass products using a non-invasive, spatio-temporally resolved in-situ technique. Finally, the optical access in the reaction chamber allowed direct time-resolved visualization of the pryrolysis process within the reaction zone. The data collected in this work illustrate that the implementation of insitu diagnostic techniques can potentially provide new information on spatio-temporally dependent physicochemical processes that are relevant to biomass conversion.