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Thermionic Work Function and Conductivity of Oxide-Coated Cathodes

A combination of research on thermionic emission and conductivity enables one to investigate the electron band structure of oxide-coated cathodes. During the past year W. E. Mutter carried out on a well-activated cathode some experiments which reveal a thermionic work function of 1.40 ev and a conductivity activation energy of 1.22 ev. Below 650*K a low temperature slope of 0.13 ev was observed on his conductivity curve. A similarlow temperature slope of 0.1 0.2 ev for temperatures in the range between 6000K and 800 K has been reported by the Philips Laboratories (1). To explain this break, Vink, the experimenter, thinks that there are two conduction processes going on. Below 800*K, electron conduction through adjoining particles of the coating dominates. Above 800 K, conduction by electrons passing in the pores between the particles dominates. In disagreement with this hypothesis Mutter found no changes in conductivity measurements made with the cathode in vacuum and in helium at a pressure of one atmosphere, where the mean free path of low energy electrons is only 10 cm. This indicates that the conductivity takes place through the coating particles and not by thermionic emission between the particles. In this case a possible explanation for the break can be that electron traps have two electrons associated with them and give up the first electron to correspond with the low temperature slope, and the second electron to produce the larger slope. An anomaly observed by Mutter in the case of an oxygen-deactivated oxide-coated cathode has led to an experiment wherein therelation between the thermionic work function and the conductivity activation energy will be studied as the degree of activation of the cathode is varied. Mutter employed a split-cathode to measure the conductivity. He found that the thermionic work function was 2.36 ev, while the conductivity activation energy was 3.40 ev for the deactivated state. In the present case conductivity will be measured using both the