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Morphology and connections of the abdominal accessory neurons of the crayfish Cherax destructor

Associated with the abdominal muscle receptor organs of crayfish are accessory neurons that inhibit the activity of the stretch receptors. Cobalt infusion into their cut axons reveals four accessory somata associated with each hemiganglion in the abdomen of the crayfish Cherax destructor. These conform to the pattern described previously for these neurons: The cell bodies are in the ganglion posterior to the one from which they exit. We recorded intracellularly from the largest accessory neurons, Acc‐1 and Acc‐2, and stained them with intracellular dye to establish unambiguously the characteristics defining their identity and structure. We describe their branching patterns in the ganglion of origin and the ganglion of exit. This morphological information permitted us to distinguish all four accessory neurons in preparations with dye infused through their cut axons, and we propose a revised, unambiguous nomenclature for the two smaller ones. Our intracelluar recordings allowed us to reexamine the physiological relationships of Acc‐1 and Acc‐2, the only accessory neurons for which there are data in the literature. In general, the connections and inputs described in previous studies were substantiated, although there has clearly been confusion between the two, and they differ in a number of significant ways. We found that they are seldom active together, have different firing patterns, and may operate with different clusters of extensor and flexor motorneurons. The results illustrate the level at which the accessory neurons operate within the abdominal control system but do not distinguish between competing hypotheses concerning their role in behavior. The data are consistent with the view that accessory neurons assist in timing between adjacent segments. J. Comp. Neurol. 469:548–558, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.