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Rethinking Empire in India and the Atlantic: William Cowper, John Newton, and the Imperial Origins of Evangelical Abolitionism

This article explores connections between calls to reform the British presence in India and to abolish the Atlantic slave trade during the 1780s and early 1790s. It does so by focusing on two Evangelicals, the poet William Cowper and the clergyman John Newton. Both men saw parallels between abuses in India and the Atlantic and believed that imperial iniquities threatened the welfare of both Britain and its empire. The article concludes by showing how these concerns reflected anxieties that extended beyond the Evangelical community and how the critique of empire advanced by reformers in these decades helped catalyse an intensification of empire in the early nineteenth century.