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Lower bound limit and shakedown analysis of orthotropic material

We present in this study a new approach for predicting the plastic and shakedown limits of structures composed of orthotropic materials. In this approach, the Hill yield criterion is introduced to Melan’s theorem. By formulating the problem by means of the finite element method and solving the resulting large-scale nonlinear optimization problem we successfully predict the plastic and shakedown limits of structures having complex geometries made from multi-orthotropic materials. Several numerical examples are elaborated in this study for evaluating the accuracy, general applicability, as well as the efficiency of the established numerical scheme. Overall, the study confirms that the direct method can be extended and adopted as a viable means for design and analysis of structures made of orthotropic materials.