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Troglitazone and metformin, but not glibenclamide, decrease blood pressure in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.

To determine whether hypoglycemic agents such as sulfonylureas, biguanides and the newly developed insulin sensitizers such as troglitazone, have hypotensive effects in an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with insulin resistance, male Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats aged 12 weeks were administered following hypoglycemic agents or vehicle by gavage for 26 weeks; glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day), metformin (100 mg/kg/day) and troglitazone (70 mg/kg/day). The gain in body weight was similar in the different groups. At 36 weeks of age, troglitazone significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose levels when compared to controls. The area under the curve (AUC) for insulin during glucose loading (2 g/kg, i.p.) was 50% lower in the group treated with troglitazone. Serum triglyceride levels in troglitazone-treated rats were also significantly lower than in the glibenclamide-treated group. Plasma membrane GLUT4 protein content was significantly augmented by a factor of 1.48-fold (p<0.02) in the glibenclamide-treated group and tended to be increased 1.32 times by administration of metformin (p=0.06). The systolic blood pressure increased with age in controls and the glibenclamide-treated group. In contrast, treatment with either metformin or troglitazone significantly decreased systolic blood pressure after the age of 29 weeks. Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations did not show a significant decrease in the treated group when compared with the control group. These results suggest that metformin and troglitazone, but not glibenclamide, lower blood pressure in an animal model of insulin resistance, providing further evidence of the beneficial effect of insulin sensitizing hypoglycemic agents on blood pressure.