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A knowledge model to support inconsistency management when reasoning with shared knowledge

This paper presents and motivates an extended ontology knowledge model which represents explicitly semantic information about concepts. This knowledge model results from enriching the usual conceptual model with semantic information which precisely characterises the concept’s properties and expected ambiguities, including which properties are prototypical of a concept and which are exceptional, the behaviour of properties over time and the degree of applicability of properties to subconcepts. This enriched conceptual model permits a precise characterisation of what is represented by class membership mechanisms and helps a knowledge engineer to determine, in a straightforward manner, the meta-properties holding for a concept. Meta-properties are recognised to be the main tool for a formal ontological analysis that allows building ontologies with a clean and untangled taxonomic structure. This enriched semantics can prove useful to describe what is known by agents in a multi-agent systems, as it facilitates the use of reasoning mechanisms on the knowledge that instantiate the ontology. These mechanisms can be used to solve ambiguities that can arise when heterogeneous agents have to interoperate in order to perform a task.