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Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Baicalein on Rotenone Induced Parkinson's disease in rats

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor dysfunction, such as bradykinesia, resting tremors, rigidity, and difficulty with voluntary movement etc. The anti‐PD drugs currently used clinically can only relieve symptoms. Up to now, there is still lack of anti‐PD drugs or pathology to alleviate PD. Baicalein is a flavonoid isolated from Chinese medical herb, Huangqin, which has been found in recent years with significant anti‐PD activity. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of baicalein on rotenone‐induced PD rats. We found that baicalein induced rat PD model due to significantly increase the spontaneous activity; prolongation of the rotarod latency and the retention time of the inclined plate, increased the suspension score, and shorted the latency of the rat model in grid experiment. Further research shows the baicalein neuroprotection is closely relate to that baicalein inhibited rotenone induced oxidative stress in the brain, improved the function of mitochondria of rotenone injury, increased α‐synuclein degradation by enhancing rotenone inhibited autophagy and inhibition of NF‐KB and MAPK pathway activation to prevent brain inflammation. In an addition, we also evaluate the neuroprotective effect of baicalein in the rotenone induced SH‐SY5Y and midbrain primary neuronal cell PD model. Our results show that baicalein enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, improved fusion and fission of rotenone inhibited mitochondrial, alleviated mitochondrial autophagy dynamics process, and increased the number of mitochondria decreased by rotenone through the CREB and GSK‐3β pathway. Baicalein can significantly inhibited the activation of NF‐KB pathway, inhibition of production and release of its downstream inflammatory protein and exert anti nerve inflammation.