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The contribution of earthworms to soil aggregate formation

Anecic and endogeic earthworm species are known as “ecosystem engineers” that significantly contribute to the porosity and coherence of soil as well as soil water infiltration and the turnover rates of organic matter (OM). Additionally, earthworms actively excrete nutrient rich mucus, release bacteria within casts and translocate litter into the subsurface. In this way, earthworms not only shape the structure of soils but also the chemical milieu of the drilosphere where mucus forms a prominent fraction of OM. Furthermore, other biogenic extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are known to form organo-mineral associations, which suggests that earthworms also facilitate their further attachment into soil aggregates.