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Assessing the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are rising at an alarming rate in India. By 2020, there will be a 75% increase in the global CVD prevalence. CVDs are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the Indian population. Physicians play a vital role in the assessment of risk factors associated with CVDs and accordingly plan a necessary intervention. Some of these risk factors, such as family history, ethnicity and age, cannot be changed. However, risk factors which can be overcome include smoking, alcohol consumption, high blood pressure, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes and unhealthy diet. Docplexus conducted an online survey on 248 physicians to understand their opinion regarding current methods of assessment used for prioritizing the risk factors associated with CVDs. Sixty-one physicians participated in the survey and the responses obtained were collected and analyzed. As per the survey results, 91% of physicians opined that the greatest barrier to the prevention of heart disease is the patient themself, owing to their unhealthy lifestyle and physical inactivity, while 9% disagreed with this statement. According to physicians the most prevalent risk factor leading to CVD is hypertension (31%), followed by smoking (26%), diabetes (23%) and obesity (20%). Another parameter assessing the risk of CVD is the Framingham Risk Score, which is a numerical scoring system which gives an estimate of the probability that a person will develop CVD within a specified amount of time. As it gives an indication of the risk of developing CVD, it also indicates who is most likely to benefit from prevention. When physicians were asked about the usefulness of this Framingham Risk Score in predicting 10-year risk of CVD for Indians, 65% of physicians opined that it is helpful while the remaining 35% did not find it that useful. Another important part of determining the risk of CVD is the diagnostic test. When the physicians were asked about their opinion on the most relevant diagnostic tests, the majority of the physicians preferred lipoprotein test (24.6%) over other tests such as apolipoprotein A1 (23.1%), lipoprotein associated-phospholipase A2 (17%), N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (16.9%), apolipoprotein B (13.8%) and fibrinogen (4.6%), as shown in Figure 1. From this survey, it was observed that cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, high blood glucose, obesity and elevated cholesterol levels are the leading causes of mortality due to CVDs in India. Thus, management of risk factors and early diagnosis is an effective approach for prevention and treatment of CVDs.