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Criminal Behaviour and Mental Disorder

The main problem in discussing any relation ship between criminal behaviour and mental disorder is that the two concepts are largely unrelated. We are all aware that the very existence of mental illness has been challenged (Szasz, 1962) and that definitions are extremely difficult to formulate (see e.g. Lewis, 1953 and Clare, 1976). Yet most of us believe that some where in the confusion there is a biological reality of mental disorder, and that this reality is a complex mixture of diverse conditions, some organic, some functional, some inherited, some learned, some acquired, some curable, others unremitting. It would be surprising ifsuch a mÃ©lange had a clear-cut relationship with any social parameter, specially one which is arbitrarily determined by legislation. Criminal behaviour is simply the breaking of the criminal laws in force at any particular time. Crimes embrace everything from murder and treason to riding a bicycle without lights. Over 6o per cent of all crimes dealt with by British courts concern motoring, and almost 6 per cent concern drunkenness. As attitudes change so do laws; suicide attempts were criminal offences until recently in the United Kingdom, male homosexual behaviour was once illegal under all circumstances. Most discussions on the mentally abnormal offender concentrate on either those who are resident in hospitals or prisons, or on serious offenders, especially those who are violent or sexually deviant. In view of the complexities mentioned above, this selectivity is under standable, but it should always be remembered that it excludes the majority of the mentally disordered and the majority of criminals.