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Human-Competitive Machine Intelligence by Means of Genetic Algorithms

This paper demonstrates the correctness of John Holland’s expectation that the genetic algorithm would have "applications to ... artificial intelligence" by showing examples of the automatic creation of human-competitive computer programs from a high-level statement of a problem’s requirements. The paper argues that the field of design is a useful testbed for determining whether an automated technique can produce results that are competitive with humanproduced results and then presents several results that are competitive with the products of human creativity and inventiveness.