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Poor health outcomes in moderate and late preterm children at 2 years of age

was not predictive of NIV failure. Only GA and prerandomisation FiO2remained significant in the multivariable analysis: area under a receiver operating characteristic curve 0.74. NIV failure was associated with an increased risk of requiring supplemental oxygen at 28 days (26% vs. 6%, P < 0.001), nasal trauma (27% vs.11%, P < 0.001), and longer durations of respiratory support (median 9 vs. 3 days, P < 0.0001) and hospitalisation (median 47.5 vs. 36 days, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: In preterm infants born 28–36 weeks’ GA, lower GA and higher FiO2 predicted NIV failure within 72 hours. NIV failure was associated with increased morbidity.