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Solvation of montmorillonite.

It is known that polar solvents penetrate the montmorillonite lattice and that multiple layers of solvent can exist between the silicate layers. It is shown here that the number of layers in the interlaminar spacing is different when the clay is equilibrated with liquid than when it is equilibrated with vapor. A method for calculating the number is presented, and a generally usable experimental approach is suggested, Acetonitrile, ethanol, and methanol form 11, 5, and 7 layers, respectively, when equilibrated with montmorillonite as liquids but form only 3, 2, and 2 layers, respectively, when equilibrated with vapors.