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Retinoid X receptor expression in the normal pituitary and clinically ‘non‐functioning’ pituitary tumours

The glycoprotein hormone common α‐subunit is frequently expressed in clinically ‘non‐functioning’ tumours (NFTs) of the anterior pituitary, despite normal levels of T3 and gonadal steroids. This observation suggests abnormal negative‐feedback regulation of the α‐subunit by T3 and gonadal steroids in NFTs. We have previously documented reduced expression of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) variants in NFTs compared to normals and proposed that this observation may, in part, explain the defective negative regulation. Due to the important role of retinoid X receptors (RXRs) in transactivating TR‐mediated transcriptional regulation, via heterodimer formation, we hypothesize that aberrant RXR isoform expression in NFTs may contribute to the defective negative regulation of the α‐subunit by T3.