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Relationship Between Grazing Intensity and Qualitative and Quantitative Changes in Artemisia Sieberi Besser Essential Oil Compounds in Kashan Province of Iran

The relationship between grazing intensity and qualitative and quantitative changes in Artemisia sieberi Besser essential oil compounds in Kashan province of Iran was evaluated in this study. For this purpose, vegetation sites of Artemisia sieberi under three grazing intensities (heavy, moderate, and ungrazed) with the same ecological conditions based on the distance to the water resource were selected in Kashan-Ghamsar road rangelands and near Natural Essential Oils Institute, University of Kashan, Iran. Within each site, individual plants were sampled at random in the full flowering stage in a completely randomized (CR) design with three replications. The oils were extracted by hydrodistillation of the air-dried samples and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main constituents of the oils were as follows: ungrazed site; 1,8-cineol (29.9%), myrcene (14.1%), moderate grazed site; myrcene (15.9%), 1,8cineol (15.1%), Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (11.1%), and heavy grazed site; 4-tepinyl acetate (23.3%), davanone (21.9%), p-cymene (19%). Among the compounds from the three sites, 4 thepenyl acetat allocated the highest amount in heavy grazed site. The analysis of essential oils showed that there were significant quantitative and qualitative differences found within the natural populations under the three different grazing sites.