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The Impact of COVID-19 on Spanish Health Professionals: A Description of Physical and Psychological Effects

Aim: To describe the physical and psychological symptoms in healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study design A sample of 1,452 participants was collected Sociodemographic data were recorded Symptoms of anxiety were screened with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), symptoms of depression were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and finally physical symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) Percentages, means and standard deviations, the one-way and two-way ANOVA test, the Chi square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were all calculated The level of significance was (p < 0 05) Results: Medium levels of anxiety (range, 5-9) and depression (range, 5-9) were observed, as well as the existence of physical symptoms (5-30) Nursing staff presented higher scores for anxiety than medical staff (Bonferroni test = -1 68;p < 0 001) Significant differences were also found for depression (F = 9 8;p < 0 001) Nursing staff and assistant nursing staff presented higher scores than medical professionals (Post hoc test = -2 11;p < 0 001 and Post hoc test = -1 53;p < 0 001, respectively) Significant differences were found according to gender in all variables referring to emotional distress: anxiety (t student = -6 492;p < 0 001), depression (t student = -4 703;p < 0 001) and physical symptoms (t student = -9 015;p < 0 001) Female healthcare workers displayed anxiety, depression and physical symptoms more frequently than their male counterparts Analysing gender differences within each professional activity, no significant differences were found using the two-way ANOVA test (F = 1 52;p = 0 109) Anxiety and depression correlated with physical symptoms (rxy = 0 604;p < 0 001) when applying Pearson's correlation coefficient Conclusions: The study confirms the psychological impact and manifestation of physical symptoms in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak, highlighting the need to monitor symptoms and provide effective psychological intervention to prevent adverse effects on mental health such as post-traumatic stress disorder and burnout