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Metabolism of polycyclic hydrocarbons in mammalian cell cultures

Two extraction procedures were used to measure the metabolism of tritiated polycyclic hydrocarbons in cell cultures derived from several mammalian species. Metabolism of the hydrocarbons to “ alkali‐extractable derivatives” was measured by extraction of the labeled medium with acetone:hexane, followed by extraction of the resulting acetone‐hexane phase with NaOH (Nebert and Bausserman, 1970); metabolism to “ water‐soluble derivatives “ was measured by extraction of the medium with chloroform:methanol:water (Diamond et al., 1968b). The extent of metabolism was dependent on the concentration of hydrocarbon, the number of cells and the time of incubation. The kinetics of hydrocarbon metabolism suggest that there may be sequential conversion of the parent compound first to alkali‐extractable derivatives and then to water‐soluble derivatives. Each of the cell cultures which was sensitive to the growth‐inhibitory effects of 3,4‐benzpyrene or 7,12‐dimethylbenz (a) anthracene was able to metabolize the respective hydrocarbon to water‐soluble derivatives. In general, little or no ability to metabolize the hydrocarbons was detected in cells which were resistant to the cytotoxic effects. Two resistant cell lines were exceptional in that they did metabolize the hydrocarbons to water‐soluble derivatives; however, no alkali‐extractable derivatives could be recovered from the medium of these cultures.