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Embryogenesis of the peristaltic reflex

Neurogenic gut movements start after longitudinal smooth muscle differentiation in three species (mouse, zebrafish, chicken), and at E16 in the chicken embryo. The first activity of the chicken enteric nervous system is dominated by inhibitory neurons. The embryonic enteric nervous system electromechanically couples circular and longitudinal spontaneous myogenic contractions, thereby producing a new, rostro‐caudally directed bolus transport pattern: the migrating motor complex. The response of the embryonic gut to mechanical stimulation evolves from a symmetric, myogenic response at E12, to a neurally mediated, polarized, descending inhibitory, ‘law of the intestine’‐like response at E16. High resolution, whole‐mount 3D reconstructions are presented of the enteric nervous system of the chicken embryo at the neural‐control stage E16 with the iDISCO+ tissue clarification technique.