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Long-term effects of obstructive sleep apnea and its treatment on open-angle glaucoma: a big-data cohort study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
The relationship between open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is unclear. The long-term risk for OAG after OSA diagnosis has not been investigated. Therefore, we assessed the risk for OAG among patients with OSA over a 12-year follow-up period using nationwide, population-based data.


METHODS
The OSA group was randomly selected from among 3.5 million individuals registered with the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). The non-OSA group was obtained through propensity score (PS) matching considering several variables. The primary endpoint was glaucoma diagnosis.


RESULTS
The OSA and non-OSA groups both included 6,369 individuals. The overall hazard ratio (HR) for OAG in the OSA group was 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.69). In subgroup analysis, the HR for OAG was 1.94 (95% CI: 1.57-2.41) for those aged > 60 years, 1.50 (95% CI: 1.20-1.89) for those with diabetes mellitus (DM), 1.53 (95% CI: 1.26-1.86) for those with hypertension, 0.71 (95% CI: 0.52-0.96) for those with a history of OSA surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
Over the 12-year follow-up, the risk for OAG increased after OSA diagnosis. Further research will be necessary to determine if treating OSA can mitigate this association.