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Temperature dependent structural studies and magnetic characterization of pure BiFeO3 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method

Pure BiFeO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple sol-gel method namely modified Pechini method. The nanoparticles were calcinated at four different temperatures (450°C, 550°C, 650°C, 750°C). Requirement for extra washing step for impurity phase reduction has been eliminated by elongation of the drying duration at oven from 12 hours to 28 hours along with intermediate grinding. FESEM and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were performed which confirm that the samples calcinated at 450°C and 550°C show smaller particle size and greater correspondence. Hence XPS was performed on these two samples which showed lower oxygen vacancies for 550°C. Finally the SQUID analysis has been carried out for the 550°C sample. A higher value of remanent magnetization and coercive field at room temperature has been observed. Besides, an asymmetric shift in the field axis with unsaturated M-H curve may be attributed to the existence of exchange bias effect in the synthesized nanoparticles.