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Anomalous impurity transport in plasmas

The transport of high-Z impurities resulting from Compton and induced scattering by drift waves is found to be comparable in magnitude with base ion and electron transport when the fluctuation spectrum is obtained from a recent theory of drift turbulence. The anomalous frictional flux is marginally subdominant whilst the diffusion flux is enhanced over the neoclassical value by a numerical factor which (i) agrees quantitatively with the results of impurity injection experiments, (ii) decreases with increasing base ion atomic mass, and (iii) is independent of the impurity-charge-to-mass ratio. The theory further predicts a dramatic increase in anomaly, also in agreement with experimental results, when the growth rate is enhanced during the heat pulse released by the sawtooth relaxations of the core.