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Opportunities for population-based studies of complex genetic disorders after the human genome project.

I recent years, remarkable progress has been made in unraveling the etiology of several genetic disorders, including Huntington’s disease and cystic fibrosis. Progress has been most notable for monogenetic disorders, in which there is a clear-cut relation between the genetic factor and the occurrence of disease. At present, genetic research focuses on chronic disorders with a complex etiology, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In these diseases the risk associated with a mutation may depend for a large part on interaction with other genetic or environmental risk factors. Given the lack of success of family studies in the identification of genetic factors involved in these complex diseases, there is growing interest in the possibility of identifying relevant genes using population-based patient series. These expectations are fueled largely by the developments of the human genome project.1 These developments will bring genetic research closer to epidemiologic practice. Here we discuss the opportunities for epidemiologic research in the identification of genetic risk factors involved in complex genetic disorders.