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Indications, Technique, and Complications of Balloon Tamponade for Variceal Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Timely treatment of bleeding esophageal varices with balloon tamponade effectively achieves initial hemostasis. However, therapeutic endoscopy and sclerotherapy in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is associated with better short- and long-term follow-up. We describe the technique of esophagogastric balloon insertion, as well as principles of monitoring and maintenance. The different types of balloons for tamponade are described, as well as potential complications.