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EXTRAORDINARY COMMISSIONS AND THE CONTROL OF THE BOLSHEVIKS FOR THEIR ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE DURING THE CIVIL WAR (1918–1920)

The article examines the connection between the Bolshevik political doctrine and the activity of the extraordinary commissions in the USSR in 1918–1920. The forms and methods of party control over the Cheka are shown. The mechanism of state terror in the context of the activity of the Cheka is investigated.
The legal basis of the activity of the extraordinary commissions is analyzed. Comparatively, the legal regulation of the control of extraordinary commissions by the party bodies and the practice of enforcement. The author analyzes the powers and functions of party bodies in the control over the activities of extraordinary commissions.
Information from archival sources on the activities of party control bodies of the CheK is provided. The author examines the mechanism of the formation of the Chekist bodies and the control of this activity by the Bolsheviks. Archival information on the national composition of a number of extraordinary commissions operating in the territory of Ukraine is provided. The normative basis for the formation of party bodies authorized to control the Chekist bodies is investigated.
The author describes in the article the characteristics of the activities of extraordinary commissions in Ukraine from the side of real eyewitnesses, participants in those events, party figures, and publicists of those times. The provisions of the secret documents issued by the authorities of the Soviet government with the aim of manually managing the activities of the Chekist bodies and its correct
coordination were provided. The author gives a number of statistical data on the results of the activity of party bodies in controlling the activities of the extraordinary commissions in Ukraine.
The genesis of the development of party control by the Bolsheviks over the activities of the Chekist bodies on the territory of Ukraine is explored. The author analyzes the relationship between the Communist Party of the Bolsheviks and the extraordinary commissions.
The process of involvement in the activities of extraordinary commissions of communist youth, the process of recruiting staff to their ranks is explored. The author presents archival information on the practice of bringing to justice the members of the Communist Party of the Bolsheviks.
The author considers this article as the first step towards rethinking the essence of “red terror”, its origins and mechanism of implementation from the standpoint of today.