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The slow contagion of Scottish example: association football in nineteenth-century colonial Singapore

The Singapore Football Association was established in 1892, the first institution of its kind in Asia. Only football really captured the imagination of the predominantly migrant population and subsequently it became the national game. Football was introduced by marine engineers, many of whom were Scots, and their friends from the Singapore Cricket Club (SCC). This paper establishes that the process of diffusion of sport was hesitant and often exclusive. Interest in the game spread quickly to the Asian communities, notably the Malay population and the Straits Chinese population, but then stalled as it lacked complete support from the British. Based on news reports at the time, it emerges that the game was transformed from a colonial distraction to a tool of cultural imperialism, being promoted as a civilizing agent. Yet the reluctance of the SCC to play against the Chinese prevented more rapid growth.