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New cytostatic drugs in ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND
Many ovarian cancer patients will after treatment of the recurrence with cisplatin based therapy enter phase I or II studies with new drugs. Lately, some new agents have shown activity.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The review is based on phase II studies mainly and focuses on paclitaxel (taxol).


RESULTS
A Canadian/European study of high (175 mg/m2) versus low dose (135 mg/m2), and short (3 hours) versus long (24 hours) infusion confirms the reported activity of paclitaxel in previously treated patients. The preliminary overall response rate in 286 evaluable patients is 18.5%. A dose effect exists regarding neuropathy and neutropenia, and a longer infusion duration results in a higher frequency of grade 4 neutropenia. In a phase III study comparing cisplatin 75 mg/m2 plus cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2) or plus paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 over 24 hours, the paclitaxel-based combination gave a superior response rate (54% versus 33%) and statistically significant longer progression-free interval. The semisynthetic docetaxel (taxotere) gives an overall response rate of 32% (95% confidence interval 23%-43%). Skin toxicity and edema are dose-limiting factors. Gemcitabine has also shown activity in platinum-resistant patients with an overall response rate of 23% (95% CI 10%-40%).


CONCLUSIONS
The role of new drugs in first-line therapy remains to be seen. Further development of experimental work for screening and evaluation of new agents is needed.