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The effects of cold and restraint on the glucose level, bilirubin level and the production of stressed ulcers in rats.

The effect of restraint and cold on the glucose level, bilirubin level and production of stress ulcers were studied in white, adult male, Sprague-Dawley rats of the Holtzman strain. In addition, the role of mucin in reducing incidence of gastric lesions produced by stress was investigated. The highest incidence and depth of ulceration was produced by the stress factor combination of fasting for 24 h followed by physical restraint and cold exposure for 2 h. Under these conditions only one of the experimental rats died throughout the experimentation period. Fasting alone did not produce ulceration. The stress factor combination of fasting for 24 h, followed by physical restraint and cold exposure for 2 h resulted in an increase in glucose level. Increase in bilirubin level was highest in the stress factor combination of fasting, physical restraint and cold exposure acting synergistically. It can thus be hypothesized that the higher the bilirubin level the greater is the rate of red blood cell destruction. Introduction of 2 ml mucin directly into the stomach of the stressed rats reduced ulceration incidence by more than 50%.