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Identification by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy of an imino tautomer of 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidine, a powerful base analog transition mutagen with a much higher unfavored tautomer frequency than that of the natural residue 2'-deoxycytidine.

UV resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to detect and estimate the frequency of the unfavored imino tautomer of the transition mutagen 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidine (HO5dCyt) in its anionic form. In DNA, this 2'-deoxycytidine analog arises from the oxidation of 2'-deoxycytidine and induces C --> T transitions with 10(2) greater frequency than such spontaneous transitions. An imino tautomer marker carbonyl band (approximately 1650 cm-1) is enhanced at approximately 65 degrees C against an otherwise stable spectrum of bands associated with the favored amino tautomer. This band is similarly present in the UV resonance Raman spectra of the imino cytidine analogs N3-methylcytidine at high pH and N4-methoxy-2'-deoxycytidine at pH 7 and displays features attributable to the imino form of C residues and their derivatives. The fact that the imino tautomer of HO5dCyt occurs at a frequency consistent with its high mutagenic enhancement lends strong support to the hypothesis that unfavored base tautomers play important roles in the mispair intermediates of replication leading to substitution mutations.