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Relevance of basic laboratory and clinical research activities as part of the vascular surgery fellowship: an assessment by program directors and postfellowship surgeons.

INTRODUCTION
Decreased federal monies for graduate medical education, increased clinical training demands, and a decreased pool of general surgery trainees applying to vascular surgery fellowships have brought into question the relevance of the fellowship research experience. This study sought to describe the recent laboratory experience of the fellows, the value of this experience to program directors (PDs) and the trainees, and what factors related to this experience contributed to the trainee entering an academic career versus a private practice career.


METHODS
A survey regarding the relevance of research experience during fellowship training was mailed in 2001 to all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-approved vascular surgery fellowship PDs and vascular surgery fellows (VSFs) from 1988 to 2000 applying for the American Board of Surgery Certificate of Added Qualification in General Vascular Surgery.


RESULTS
Survey responses were received from 89% of the PDs (74/83) and 69% of the VSFs (259/378). Among the PDs, 70% had completed an approved fellowship, and current bench research was performed by 46%. The PDs afforded protected research time to 69% of the VSFs (with a mean duration of 12 months). This research was in the basic science laboratory 34% of the time. Only 42% of the PDs considered basic laboratory research to be an important part of the fellowship, whereas 99% believed that clinical research was important. Among the PDs, 42% believed that more practice-oriented fellowships with no basic research were needed, whereas 35% believed that basic research should remain an integral component of the fellowship. VSF basic science productivity was significantly greater from those programs that offered protected research time as compared with those that did not (mean basic science paper published, 1.7 +/- 0.1 versus 0.3 +/- 0.6 per VSF; P <.001). At the time of the survey, 99 VSFs had entered academic careers and 136 were in private practice. Basic science research had been undertaken by 56% of the VSFs during medical school and by 53% during general surgery residency. Research during the fellowship was performed by 65% of the VSFs. This experience was considered helpful in choosing an academic or private practice career by 44% of the VSFs. A greater proportion of academic surgeons had research experience as VSFs when compared with VSFs who became private practitioners (71% versus 57%; P <.05). VSFs who entered academic careers had a more productive publication record in fellowship than did those who chose private practice (mean paper, 2.4 versus 1.5; P <.05). Overall, 78% of the VSFs believed that their research experience was maturing beyond the technical skills learned.


CONCLUSION
This report provides a benchmark of the vascular surgery fellowship research experience. Most VSFs considered the research experience as it now exists to be worthwhile, and less than half of the PDs believed that it should remain as it is. Research experience in fellowship seemed more influential than that in medical school or general surgical residency in promoting an academic career.