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Inhibition and Eradication Effect of Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Extract Against Mature Phase Biofilm of Candida albicans

Objective: To analyze the potency of Javanese turmeric extract in inhibiting and eradicating the mature phase of  C. albicans biofilm. Material and Methods: C. albicans ATCC 10231 was cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth on a 96-well plate and was incubated at 37oC. To analyze its inhibitory effect,  C. albicans  cultures were incubated for 1.5 hours before being exposed to various concentrations of Javanese turmeric extract, followed by a further 48-hour incubation to reach the maturation phase. To analyze the eradication effect, the 48-hour  C. albicans cultures were exposed to the extract and incubated further for 24 hours. Nystatin (100,000 IU) was used as a positive control. The percentage of viable  C. albicans cells on the 48-hour biofilm was determined by a methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. This value was converted into the percentage of the extract’s minimum inhibitory and eradication concentrations. Results: Against the mature phase  C. albicans biofilm, the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of the Javanese turmeric extract was 40%, while the minimum biofilm eradication concentration was 45%. There were significant differences between the inhibition percentage of the positive control and that of the solutions exposed to Javanese turmeric with all the tested concentrations (p<0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between the increase in extract concentration and the eradication percentage of the mature C. albicans biofilm (r=0.981).  Conclusion: Javanese turmeric extract is potential for inhibiting and eradicating mature phase  C. albicans biofilm. The extract is more effective in inhibiting than in eradicating the biofilm.