{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.017123287671232876, 'fraction_numerical': 0.001141552511415525, 'mean_word_length': 5.496296296296296, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
FEA and experimental characterization of Langevin transducers with comparable longitudinal and lateral dimensions

In this work, a 3D finite element analysis of the Langevin transducer has been carried out in order to evaluate potential performance and suitability to applications of transducers with diameters comparable to or greater than the total length. In order to investigate the dependence of transducer performance on its aspect ratio, several transducers, all designed to work at the same frequency, have been simulated. FE results have shown that Langevin transducers with comparable diameter and length. i.e., working in the coupling region, exhibit better performance than transducers designed to work in pure length mode at the same frequency. First experimental measurements, carried out on two manufactured prototypes, are presented to validate the FE results.