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Neutron Reflectometry for Observation of Machined Surface Roughness

Neutron reflectometry was applied for the characterization of machined roughness on iron surfaces, including a buried solid–solid contacting surface. The observed distribution of the reflected neutron beam could be explained using a structure factor estimated from the Fourier transform of the physical roughness measured by a contact-type roughness gauge, particularly in the case of a periodic surface structure. In the case of random roughness, the accumulation of beams specularly reflected from every small local region of the surface gave a better explanation of the broad distribution of the scattered beam, where each local region was assumed to be flat and differently inclined relative to the incident beam direction. When the surface was buried beneath another material, the width of the distribution of the reflected beam became slightly wider than that in air. Although neutron reflectometry for the characterization of surface roughness has various limitations, it is still an effective tool for nondestructively observing the surface roughness at a buried contacting surface.