{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.025592841163310964, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005011185682326622, 'mean_word_length': 4.928912466843501, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 1, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Hindu Literacy: The Basic Concept of Education and the Literacy Patter in Upanisads

Literacy is the soul of education in Hindu civilization. The Upani ⋅ sad is an integral part of Vedic literature, and it provides the basic concepts of education and literacy patterns. According to the Upani ⋅ sad, education is about giving academic degrees to students and building excellent human character; literacy is essential in Hindu Education. Various educational methods are used in the Upanisad, with the aim of awakening all human potential. Through educational efforts to generate superior human character as a whole, intelligence and wisdom are accentuated. Upanisad learning still has relevance in the modern era, such as in the philosophy of idealism. Students must be made aware of the importance of education in life, outside of simply making a living. The spirit of the learning torch must be adopted in modern times to prevent it from losing sight of its main path, that is, to raise human excellence. Hindu literacy becomes the main foundation in the education system, which builds the machine of human intelligence and wisdom. Activating the spirit of learning and methodology in Upanishad will directly help efforts to increase literacy.


Introduction
Education is the soul in Hindu, Vedic, or Sanatana Dharma Civilization. The education system that is held generally changes every time but is still based on the same spirit.
Hindu education in the Vedic era was generally in the form of learning in the middle of the forest. The goal is that teachers and students concentrate fully on the development of education and student personality. In the following period, the Vedic Civilization moved forward with learning through the past universities.
In times past, education pattern can be observed in various phases, beginning with the Brahmanic Education. This period is often known as education in oral tradition. Rgveda was the earliest of these collections. It contains 1017 hymns divided into ten different books or mandates.
The composition of these hymns took place previous to 1000 B.C. The Aryan race still occupied territories on both sides of the Indus (1). In the following period, Vedic Civilization has given birth to many of the oldest Hindu universities globally, with books as a world-famous educational medium. Taxila University or Taksasila is the oldest university with the largest and most comprehensive collection of books on earth. (2) states the taxasila university is estimated to exist in 1000 BC-500 AD. Taksasila was known as the center of education in 700 BC. The university is a vast building complex consisting of several lecture halls, discussion rooms, dormitories, and a huge library (3).

This study will discuss how the basic concepts of Hindu education and literacy in
Upani ⋅ sads. This study aims to analyze how the basic concepts of education and literacy in Upani ⋅ sad can be reflected in Indonesia's current situation amid the shallow literacy levels. These thought results are expected to reflect the Hindu education system's improvement and efforts to increase literacy to increase national literacy.

Research Method
This research is a qualitative research that focuses on text. Text study is a data analysis that examines the text in depth regarding its content, meaning, structure, and discourse.
The first thing to do is the principle of organizing to obtain complete knowledge by finding truth in texts, objects, people, and oneself (8).

Swami Dayananda argued that
Veda is an utterance from God, spoken by God [svatah pramana]. Still, there have been many misinterpretations so that what is understood is ultimately a mistake.
For this reason, an effort to interpret it is necessary (9). The steps that must be done are: First, he analyses the composite words according to Sandhi's rules. Secondly, he gives the padārtha; these components' systematic explanation indicates their meaning.
The third step is constructing the whole sentence in a straightforward grammatical form.
Finally, he gives the bhāvārtha. It explains' the purport of the text, indicating whether it is an injunction, a statement of principle or some comparison. Thus, this research procedure follows the Vedic Hermeneutic pattern (12), consisting of four stages. The First Stage [1] is the research preparation stage, which includes selecting and obtaining the text, checking the text's authenticity to be studied, and determining the approach to be used. Next is to read the entire predetermined text intently and make paraphrases. The second stage [2] is the stage of data collection.
Data collection is related to data selection and reduction activities, concluding, and data verification. The third stage [3] the stage of analyzing the data. The last step [4] concludes. Vedic Hermeneutic's use has been carried out from the first to the last stage, namely interpreting the Vedic text, which is carried out by checking the origin and meaning of words to the context Vedic Mantra.

Results and Discussion
Indonesia, in its history since Independence, has struggled to improve the literacy of its people. It was started with a literacy program and efforts to improve skills. Since 2000, Indonesia has concentrated on increasing literacy related to empowerment, including increasing community interest in reading (13). Efforts to increase literacy by the government should be welcomed by all groups, including the Hindu community and universities, because this is related to the spirit of Hindu education in the Upani ⋅ sad, which promotes learning to achieve enlightenment. The spirit of education and literacy became the basis for the Upani ⋅ sad and other Vedic texts. Ancient Hindu education can be a spirit for education in the modern era to build excellent human resources (14). and Nidhidhysana, a realization by meditation [18]. This learning stage leads students to understand a subject and feel, absorb, apply, and realize the genuine truth in their lives.
Thus happiness in education will be handled. This is different from modern education, which is felt as a burden by students. Upani ⋅ sad learning pleasures the education process and afterward, because the knowledge provided leads to true happiness in life [Lee, 2016]. Students or Brahmacari are the main pillars of Upani ⋅ sad education [19].
Therefore, he must get the right education through a good system and truly competent teachers.
Education in the Upani ⋅ sad implies mastery of certain branches of knowledge, having a good understanding, memory, and at the same time, the most profound dimensions of enlightenment to achieve liberation. Education aims at cultivating humility. Therefore, literacy is not just understanding, reading, but achieving the primary goal of learning in the Upani ⋅ sad, which builds a superior human character marked by attaining the highest enlightenment. Therefore, at the final stage, Nidhidhysana is needed, namely self-realization, inner understanding through samadhi.
The learning method in the past, in addition to using the technique of Śravana or Listening, Mañana or meditation, and Nididhyaana or realization, some other methods such as experience, question, and answers, discourse, discussion and debate lecture Also were prevalent. These methods can still be used in our classrooms faithfully.
Besides, there is another instruction that strengthens a student, namely svadhyaya. It is also stated that the Vedic Pedagogy is supported by dual methods in the form of upadesa and svadhyaya, namely the first learning in the form of instruction from the teacher then repeated privately by students [20]. Besides, the Upani ⋅ sad literature also recommends the upāsanā method, a ritual related to learning, which shows a student's obedience and devotion to his teacher, which is an essential key to education success. It is also stated [21] that upāsanā can be described as a systematic practice of the worship method to please a teacher, and students absorb knowledge and good attitudes from the teacher. This method is still considered relevant in the current educational context.  In the Śik ⋅ sāvalli Taittiriya Upani ⋅ sad, it is emphasized that students must be able to control physically and mentally to remain firm in learning. The teacher and student must jointly realize the virtues as stated in the holy text and confirm it in the form of practice in good deeds and speech (21). Concepts like this are essential to be adopted and revived to build an education system that fosters everyone's virtue and the much needed intellectual abilities. (23)  The text asserts that a king is respected in his country only, whereas a learned person is respected worldwide. This sentence is not just motivation in taking education but an appreciation for educated people in Vedic Civilization. This sentence has given the inspiration to keep the education torch burning. The teacher has to go the extra mile to help students gain knowledge.
The Vedic period's education system has unique characteristics and qualities that were not found in the ancient education system of any other country in the world.
According to Key, in his book entitled Ancient Indian Education an Inquiry Into its Origin, Development, and Ideals, Key stated that Brahmans develop an education system that survived in society's changes to achieve their aim the events of the empire's crumbling.
Still, they also kept a glow of torch of higher learning (1).
Seeing the strong roots of education and literacy in the Vedas and Upani ⋅ sads, Hindu Education Institutions should re-explore their education's cultural roots. It is essential to contribute to building a superior education system in the future because Hindu civilization has placed education and the center of development (25

Conclusion
In Vedic civilization, education has a prominent place in society. Education is a must for every person to be cultured. The student and teacher relationship is very close. The teacher provides direct examples of life learning. Various educational methods are used in the Upani ⋅ sad, with the aim of awakening all human potential. Through educational efforts, it is hoped that the superior human character will be produced as a whole, which accentuates intelligence and wisdom. The great aim of Hindu education is character and the effort to achieve self-realization. Thus the ancient educational system achieved its full goal.
Upani ⋅ sad learning still has relevance in the modern era, such as educational idealism, which develops human beings as a whole, not only smart but also wise. The discipline of teachers and students in the ancient era was very relevant to be developed. Students must be made aware of the importance of education in life, not just making a living.
The Upani ⋅ sad provides various teaching methods that lead students to enlightenment, apart from having brilliant abilities in their fields. This education torch's spirit must be adopted in modern times not to lose its main path, namely, to raise human excellence.
Hindu literacy becomes the main foundation in the education system, which builds the machine of human intelligence and wisdom.