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Combination Strategy Associated With Reduced HIV Incidence in Uganda.

Molecular analysis of peripheral blood samples from patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) identified new mechanisms of pathogenesis and possible biomarkers that may help determine which patients infected with the Ebola virus are most at risk of dying from the disease, according to new research in Cell Host & Microbe. In December 2014, during the height of the outbreak, researchers traveled to Sierra Leone to obtain 29 blood samples from 11 patients who survived Ebola virus infection and 9 blood samples from 9 patients who died with from the infection. The team also looked at blood samples from 10 healthy patients. They performed transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma to determine how host responses contribute to EVD pathophysiology. The investigators identified 11 candidate biomarkers that distinguish fatal infections from nonfatal infections, and found that 2 of these biomarkers in particular— L-threonine and vitamin D binding protein— could be used to predict fatality from EVD several days in advance of death. The team also found commonalities between molecular signals of EVD and sepsis, evidence that pancreatic enzymes contribute to tissue damage in fatal EVD, and that aberrant neutrophils may be involved in dysregulation of adaptive immunity and tissue damage. The study demonstrates that a “multiomics” approach can be useful for understanding host-response events in disease pathology and could be applied to other diseases, noted the authors.