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SEX RATIOS IN TROPICAL FOREST TREES

Sex ratios of dioecious plants often depart significantly from unity (Correns, 1922; Dzhapardize, 1967; Godley, 1964; Pauley and Mennel, 1957; Rathore, 1969). Explanations for these deviations have usually been sought in the genetics of sexdetermination (for a review see Westergaard, 1958; Lloyd, 1974). However, biased sex ratios may also have an ecological basis, and thereby have important implications for the reproductive ecology of the subject plants. Yet, relatively few studies have considered the ecological aspects of deviant sex ratios (Harris, 1968; Lloyd, 1973; Lloyd and Webb, 1977; Putwain and Harper, 1972). Here we present data on the sex ratios of 23 species of tropical forest trees and attempt to explain these ratios with respect to certain ecological factors. Our study may be considered noteworthy because most previous studies of sex ratios in dioecious species have been conducted on plants of temperate regions. Since dioecism is more common in tropical than in temperate ecosystems (Bawa and Opler, 1975; see also Ashton, 1969; Tomlinson, 1973), studies of sex ratios in tropical trees should contribute significantly toward an understanding of deviant sex ratios in flowering plants.