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Improved Measurements of the Diffuse and Global Solar Irradiances at the Surface of the Earth

In recent years, studies have shown significant discrepancies between irradiances measured by pyranometers and those computed using atmospheric radiative transfer models (Kato et al. 1997 and Kato et al. 1999). Questions have been raised about the uncertainty in pyranometer measurements because observed diffuse irradiances sometimes are below pure molecular atmosphere values and because the instruments often produce non-zero signals at nights ranging between -5 and -10 W/m.