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Science and Technology of Graphene

A little more than a decade ago, graphene has moved into the focus of scientists. Graphene “is a single carbon layer of graphite structure, describing its nature by analogy to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of quasi infinite size”.[1] Graphene has been known before (even though it was sometimes called differently). For example, the electronic structure of graphene was already calculated in 1947 by Wallace[2] using a tight binding approach. Interestingly, its calculated electronic and vibrational properties were frequently employed to explain electronic and vibrational properties of carbon nanotubes (see e.g. Refs. 3 and 4). The increase in truly graphene-focused activities, however, was triggered by reports on high carrier mobility and unconventional magneto-transport properties.[5–8] The fascinating properties of graphene – some of which are record setting – have since then been investigated by many groups. As a result of the increased interest in the field of graphene a round table meeting funded by the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) was held in September 2008 at Kloster Banz (Germany) with 30 participants from institutions all over Germany. The program included 22 presentations covering various aspects of graphene research including theoretical and experimental work on graphene properties, transport, growth and devices, giving an overview of activities in Germany. Following this meeting, a proposal for a DFG Priority Programme was developed and submitted in fall 2008. The DFG granted the Priority Programme 1459 Graphene in spring 2009 and the first funding period with 38 scientific projects and one coordination project commenced in fall 2010. In the second funding period 40 scientific projects and one coordination project were funded. The projects covered many subtopics of graphene science, including theoretical and experimental studies of basic physical properties of graphene, electronic transport and magneto-transport, graphene synthesis and growth of graphene and graphene nanoribbons on various substrates, the chemistry of graphene, and graphene device physics. The present special issue of Annalen der Physik with the title “Science and Technology of Graphene” includes 14 Feature Articles, 3 Review Articles and 6 Original Papers, summarizing and reporting research performed within the Priority Programme 1459 Graphene. Five contributions review and report on various aspects of graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition on metal substrates, sublimation growth on silicon carbide, or by using aromatic self-assembled monolayers as a precursor.