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PLANETARY DISTANCES IN COPERNICAN THEORY

It is a widely held view that the fact that the radii of planetary orbits can be calculated in the Copernican theory but not in the Ptolemaic theory constitutes an advantage of the former over the latter. For example, Imre Lakatos and Elie Zahar ([1975], p. 379) assert that 'the determination of planetary distances represents excess empirical content of Copernicus's theory over Ptolemy's'. Thomas Kuhn ([1959], pp. 176-7) writes