These plans respond to pastoralists’ observed changes in the climate, such as greater heat stress during the summer months, and increased snowmelt leading to mudslides and river floods in spring. The climate-risk management plans lead to the re-zoning of production enclaves that are more suitable in light of changing climate trends.

Similarly, in the Southern Provinces of Mozambique, where livestock-raising represents a lifeline for resource-constrained pastoralists, the Pro-Poor Value Chain Development Project (PROSUL) is drilling boreholes to increase the number of watering points for herds, while also supplying water for domestic use and community vegetable gardens. Increased water availability thanks to the multifunctional boreholes has reduced the amount of time needed for women to collect and transport water, leading to improved household food and nutrition security.

In both projects, local vulnerabilities are accounted for based on changes in temperature and rainfall and how these factors are expected to influence pastures and livestock.