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Arsenic-feeding bacteria find expands traditional notions of life

By the CNN Wire Staff
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Is life on other planets possible?
  • Arsenic molecules were incorporated into the bacterium's DNA, in place of phosphorus
  • Scientists have discovered a form of bacteria that can thrive largely on arsenic
  • Arsenic is an element generally considered to be toxic
  • The bacterium was scooped from sediment in California's Mono Lake

Washington (CNN) -- Scientists have discovered a form of bacteria that can thrive on arsenic -- an element generally considered toxic -- dramatically expanding both traditional notions of how life is sustained and the range of where it might be found in the universe, NASA funded-researchers said Thursday.


The bacterium -- strain GFAJ-1 of the Halomonadaceae family of Gammaproteobacteria -- was scooped from sediment in California's Mono Lake, an area rife with high levels of naturally occurring arsenic, it said.

Scientists were able to grow the microbes from the lake with only small portions of phosphorous -- considered an essential nutrient in the biomolecules of naturally occurring bacteria.

"We've discovered an organism that can substitute one element for another," said NASA scientist Felisa Wolfe-Simon. "Nothing should have grown. Put your plant in the dark, it doesn't grow."

NASA discovery: We're not alone?

The bacterium not only grew but also incorporated the arsenic molecules into its DNA, in place of phosphorus, she said.

"We've cracked open the door to what's possible elsewhere in the universe," Wolfe-Simon said during a press conference Thursday.

Internet speculation had reached a fever pitch by Thursday ahead of the news conference, which the agency said would "discuss an astrobiology finding that will impact the search for evidence of extraterrestrial life."

"There's only one thing this could mean: NASA has aliens," wrote Stephen Losey on "Now let's just hope they're the friendly, E.T.-kind of visitors, and not the warlike Klingon types."

Speculation was rampant on social networks as well. "Can only mean one thing," one Twitter user posted. "The Martians are coming." One person wrote on the Huffington Post, "we've got enough ... alien lifeforms in Washington."

The findings could affect the scope of space missions by expanding the criteria of chemical elements that had traditionally defined the building blocks of all known life.

CNN's Jim Kavanagh contributed to this report.