Fluid and Electrolytes for Nursing Students | NCLEX RN Review (2019)

Welcome to this video tutorial on fluid & electrolyte
balance. Fluid and electrolyte balance is essential
signs and symptoms, and basic treatment. The body is largely made up of water, or fluids,
and maintenance of body temperature. Body fluid is further broken down into intracellular
fluid (fluid inside the cell) and extracellular fluid (fluid outside the cell). All body fluid compartments contain fluids
and electrolytes. Cells maintain a balance by the transferring
and magnesium. The major extracellular electrolytes are sodium
and chloride. Electrolytes are ions that carry either a
positive or negative charge. Exact concentrations of electrolytes are vital
body. The most prominent cations (positively charged
bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate. Most of these electrolytes come from our food
and fluid intake. Electrolytes can also be affected by medications,
hyperalimentation, blood administration, and IV fluids. (By the way for more info on types of IV fluids,
check out our video on IV Fluids: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic.) Fluid and electrolyte imbalances can occur
endocrine system, the vascular system, the gastrointestinal system, and the kidneys. It’s important to know the normal ranges of
values you need to memorize remember that these lab values are a measurement of what
which has the largest amount. Magnesium is 1.5-2.5 (it’s measured in mEq/L,
but don’t be overly concerned about remembering that it’s the number values that you want
95-105, and Sodium is 135-145. Let’s look at each one in bold individually,
focusing on their basic function in the body, along with the signs & symptoms you will see. MAGNESIUM is a major intracellular cation
hypomagnesemia), below 1.5, the effect is opposite muscles are excited, there’s neuromuscular
faint and diminish, which is a precursor to respiratory depression and cardiac arrest. POTASSIUM is also a major intracellular cation
in the body. Therefore, since the serum electrolyte value
basic function of potassium is intracellular excitation which means it is crucial to heart
of nerve impulses and skeletal muscle activity. Hyperkalemia is when the potassium level is
cardiac dysrhythmias. Hyperkalemia is often associated with renal
lowering medications, and restricting potassium containing foods. Hypokalemia is when serum potassium falls
normally. Moderate hypokalemia results in muscle weakness
levels. Be sure IV potassium is diluted and administered
arrhythmias and death. Calcium is found primarily in the bones and
be symptomatic. So let’s look at the simplified body function
of calcium neuronal excitability (or motor neurons sending signals to muscles, causing
them to contract). It’s a little confusing, because hypercalcemia
causes decreased muscle contraction, whereas hypocalcemia causes excess muscle contraction
and spasms. Think of it as a way to stabilize membrane
channels. In hypocalcemia, there are a lot of easily
important to know First is Trousseau’s sign, where you inflate a blood pressure cuff above
continuous cardiac monitoring. In hypercalcemia, there is too much calcium,
cardiac monitoring, and loop diuretics to promote calcium excretion. Sodium is the major extracellular fluid cation,
and coma. Other symptoms include nausea/vomiting, muscle
cause, diuretic medications, IV sodium, and fluid restrictions. Hypernatremia, or sodium level higher than
or extensive exercise. Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia include
of hypernatremia includes the correction and management of underlying causes by administering
diuretics, measuring I/O, dialysis, and decreasing sodium intake. Remember, know the normal ranges and the basic
function of the primary electrolytes this will really help you in answering questions
related to fluid and electrolyte balance. Let’s look at a couple of sample questions… A nurse is caring for a patient with a calcium
level of 7.5 mg/dL. Which nursing interventions are necessary
based on this calcium level Choose all that apply. A. Assess for positive Trousseau sign
B. Implement seizure precautions C. Administer IV calcium gluconate
D. Implement continuous cardiac monitoring If you chose all of the answers, you’re correct! All of these interventions are necessary for
hypocalcemia. Here’s another one… A patient with a potassium level of 2.5 mEq/L
will exhibit the following symptoms: A. Muscle irritability, then weakness; tall
peaked T waves B. Increased DTR’s, neuromuscular irritability,
confusion C. Muscle weakness, numbness/tingling, flattened
T waves, U waves D. Relaxed muscles, vasodilation, hypotension,
decreased DTR’s If you chose C, you’re correct! Muscle weakness, numbness/tingling, flattened
T waves, and U waves, are all symptoms of hypokalemia. Great job! Thanks for watching this video tutorial on

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  1. I tried many other videos on fluid and electrolyte imbalance.. All those were difficult to understand and concentrate… This video was simple.. Very easy to understand… Helped me Alot ufreestanding Fluids and electrolytes… Thank you

  2. I gotta say, I love your video series. It's clear and straight to the point, and doesn't talk down to the viewer. Thank you! <3

  3. I love MoMetrix prep…Nurse Laura T. Is a fantastic teacher…im following these tutorials all the way to NCLEX RN!!
    Thanks Laura👍

  4. Very good that you included foods with high concentrations of certain electrolytes. NCLEX is VERY nutrition heavy! I love teaching fluids and electrolytes!

  5. Wooow…all videos are explained well with much enough content.the most common thing is the way of presentations of subjects …great job

  6. The video is very helpful and easy to understand but there is no information regarding phosphorus (hypo and hyper phosphatemia). Thank you!

  7. I love this video so much. I have watched many other videos and some are too simple and others are too deep. This is exactly what I was looking for. This is information presented in a way that I can understand it more than memorize it. Also the fact that you speak a bit like a robot and don't move, helps me focus more in the video. Also you remind me of EDI from mass effect 3. I normally don't write reviews but I really like this video. I am definitely going to subscribe and recommend. Thank you for helping nursing students.

  8. I have searched a ton of videos and listened to many lectures about F&E balance. This video is the best for me to grasp the understanding & knowledge of the patho. behind F& E. Thank you for sharing this! So helpful.

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