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Quantitative microfluidic analysis of S‐ and R‐type endotoxin components with chip capillary electrophoresis

A novel, fast, and sensitive ME method was developed to analyze and differentiate the smooth (S) and rough (R) type bacterial endotoxin components labeled covalently with a fluorescent dye. The quantitative analysis of purified lipopolysaccharides, or partially purified samples from whole‐cell lysates becomes possible with this method. Two groups with three sub‐groups in the first group of S‐type lipopolysaccharides can be classified based on the electrophoretic profiles. The LOD of the endotoxins from S‐ and R‐type Gram‐negative bacteria was found to be 2.6 ng and 6.9 ng, respectively. This method is capable to replace the commonly used SDS‐PAGE combined with silver staining.