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NotI subtraction and NotI-specific microarrays to detect copy number and methylation changes in whole genomes

Methylation, deletions, and amplifications of cancer genes constitute important mechanisms in carcinogenesis. For genome-wide analysis of these changes, we propose the use of NotI clone microarrays and genomic subtraction, because NotI recognition sites are closely associated with CpG islands and genes. We show here that the CODE (Cloning Of DEleted sequences) genomic subtraction procedure can be adapted to NotI flanking sequences and to CpG islands. Because the sequence complexity of this procedure is greatly reduced, only two cycles of subtraction are required. A NotI-CODE procedure can be used to prepare NotI representations (NRs) containing 0.1–0.5% of the total DNA. The NRs contain, on average, 10-fold less repetitive sequences than the whole human genome and can be used as probes for hybridization to NotI microarrays. These microarrays, when probed with NRs, can simultaneously detect copy number changes and methylation. NotI microarrays offer a powerful tool with which to study carcinogenesis.