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Language Characteristics of Children with ADHD

Language characteristics of 11 children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 11 typically developing children ages 6 to 8 were compared in terms of semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic language skills. Children were tested on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R), the Test of Language Development-2 Primary (TOLD-2), and the Test of Pragmatic Language (TOPL). Samples of children's language were collected during free play with an adult conversational partner using the Pragmatic Protocol. Results indicated that there was no difference between the two groups on receptive vocabulary as measured by the PPVT-R. Children with ADHD performed worse than typically developing children on the sentence imitation, word articulation, speaking quotient, and overall speech and language quotient subtests of the TOLD-2 Primary. Children with ADHD produced more inappropriate pragmatic behaviors in conversational interactions, although their pragmatic knowledge as measured by the TOPL did not differ from that of the normally developing children. Results are discussed in terms of the relative strengths and weaknesses in the communication skills of children with ADHD.