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Software for evaluating the reliability and residual life of welded joints

Ensuring reliability when calculating the reliability and service life of structures with possible or detected defects is an urgent problem which requires solution. This is indicated by the large number of cases of sudden failure of important structures, many of which have been calculated in complete agreement with the existing standard documents. The need for these calculations arises in both the design of welded structures, in which the concentration of stresses and defects in welded joints is unavoidable, and in reference calculations. The latter make it possible to propose a solution as to the possibility of further service and the necessity for repair or replacement of a structure on the basis of the results of nondestructive inspection or after completion of the planned service life. At present, the most developed and reliable methods are those of calculating structures produced from a ductile material with a low stress concentration, and also structures with residual stress concentrators in the brittle condition of the material (at low temperatures, the presence of quenched structures, etc) or in multicycle alternating loading. In the first case, investigations are carried out using the facilities of classic mechanics of materials, in the second case the facilities of linear fracture mechanics (LFM). The most complicated calculations are those measuring failure of material in the ductile condition with the limited ductility resulting from a cracklike defect, in a multiaxial stress state, under non isothermal loading, and also low-cycle fatigue failure. The solution of these problems requires work in the following directions: