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On Force and Case , Fin and

Rizzi (1997) splits C into Force and Fin, which head separate projections if discourse pragmatic features Top and /or Foc are merged in the clausal left periphery. In this paper, I revise a proposal of mine (Giusti 1996, 2006) on the upper layer of the nominal expression originally inspired by Rizzi’s proposal. In the course of the discussion here, I reconsider the parallels and the similarities between Case and Force and between Fin and Num, concluding that Case and Num do not actually split, but are bundled together either higher or lower than the left peripheral portion of the nominal expression.