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Observation of Phase Transitions of 1-Dimensional Ion Clouds in a Linear RF Trap

Our goal is to study the effects of long-range correlations among ions in regard to their statistical characteristics using ion clouds confined in a linear rf ion trap. It is important to generate a simple ion cloud which shows the smooth phase change between gas and solid for detailed research on the effects of the Coulomb interaction. The competition between rf-heating and laser-cooling effects usually leads to a discrete change in ion temperature; therefore, the generation of rf-heating free ion clouds is required. In this paper, the difference in the cooling process of 3-dimensional and 1-dimensional ion clouds is discussed. The smooth phase change in 1-dimensional ion clouds is confirmed by observing the cooling process.