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Evolution of Anuran Chorus Behavior: Neural and Behavioral Constraints

This article provides values for two fundamental time constraints (minimum integration time and temporal integration time constant) of the peripheral auditory system of the Neotropical arboreal frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui. The minimum integration time (MinIT) is a common measure of temporal resolution, or the auditory system's ability to distinguish two events exclusively on the basis of temporal cues. In the case of E. coqui, calls separated in time by less than the MinIT (0.5 ms on the average) cannot be resolved by the auditory system. This represents one limit that any chorusing model must consider if it uses "gaps" as cues for the initiation of calling by participant males. The mean temporal integration time constants for auditory nerve fiber groups in this species vary between 190 and 270 ms. These values reflect the time over which the ear can integrate energy, and therefore they provide an upper limit to useful communication signal duration with respect to enhanced detectability in background noise. These time constants represent one set of physiological limits of the E. coqui auditory system that mediates intraspecific communication. This article describes a simulation model of chorus interactions that uses these limits as boundary conditions. Predictions from the model, which is based on computer network theory, suggest that, in order to optimize the number of nonoverlapping calls (information throughput), an individual calling male should elect to vocally interact with exactly two of its nearest neighbors in the chorus. This hypothesis was empirically tested in a series of field experiments and was shown to be an accurate predictor of the vocal behavior of a large proportion of chorusing males of E. coqui.