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Introducing al-Ansari as a classic of intelligence

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze a very little-known classic of strategy, written by a Muslim scholar of the late fourteenth century called al-Ansari, which extensively discusses intelligence, strategy, deception, and stratagems. When comparing his work with those of some renowned authors such as Sun Tzu and Kautilya on intelligence issues, astonishing similarities and intriguing nuances emerge. In addition, al-Ansari develops a quite original argument on the relationship between spies and their dispatchers, with special reference to the psychological attentiveness between the two parties.