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Application of ash and slag mixtures in the road construction: current directives and recommendations

Nowadays civil engineering is constantly searching for cheaper substitutes of already known and commonly used building materials. Especially road and railway industries focus on reducing the costs, as large objects like highways and railroads can require high material usage in order to prepare required foundation. Therefore, the use of waste (in particular fly ash and slag mixtures) as a foundation material not only can bring savings but also is environment friendly, as it creates new ways to dispose waste. However, it is problematic to use the mentioned materials due to ambiguities revolving around current recommendations for their application. In the article, a comprehensive review of the fly ash and slag mixtures use in civil engineering is made. Guidelines and requirements for the use of waste material as a road foundation material are discussed. Discrepancies between the recommendations are analyzed and the potential changes are suggested. The article is also the basis for further investigation of fly ash and slag mixtures composition improvements.