{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0260707635009311, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0037243947858473, 'mean_word_length': 5.554878048780488, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A method for assessing pull production systems: a study of manufacturing, healthcare, and construction

Abstract Pull production systems (PPS) are key elements of lean production, encompassing a number of attributes that have been presented by various studies. However, no earlier work has jointly considered all of those attributes. This study presents a holistic method for the assessment of PPS, which was developed based on a systematic literature review and interviews with 13 experts. The method allows for the assessment of 23 attributes of PPS, divided into three groups: design, stability, and control. Sources of evidence for applying the method involve interviews, observations, and analysis of documents. This study reports the use of the method in companies from three sectors: manufacturing, healthcare, and construction. Results pointed out the method’s contribution for understanding the context-dependent nature of PPS and implementation trade-offs. Occasional violation of pull principles might be legitimate and not necessarily detrimental to performance.