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Down‐regulation of CD3zeta is a breast cancer biomarker associated with immune suppression

This work was done to establish a correlation between serum protein expression profiles and breast cancer. A high‐density antibody microarray was used to identify serum protein expression profiles. Proteins up‐ or down‐regulated by 2‐fold compared with normal controls were used for hierarchical clustering analysis. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used for validation of protein array data. The CD3zeta chain was one of the down‐regulated molecules identified by the antibody array analysis and confirmed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The mean CD3zeta levels in breast cancer and in normal control were 119±23 and 156±35 ng/ml, respectively. The AUC (area under the curve) of CD3zeta was 0.837±0.057. Forty‐one out of 65 breast cancer cases (63.08%) showed reduced CD3zeta expression on tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes by immunohistochemistry. This is the first report describing down‐regulation of CD3zeta expression on breast cancer for the Chinese population and suggests that an immunosuppressive status plays an important role in breast cancer progression.