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Computational fluid dynamics in a traditional animation environment

This paper presents a system that uses computational fluid dynamics to produce smoke, water, and other effects for traditionallyanimated films. The system was used in over twenty scenes in the animated feature film The Prince of Egypt. Animators use images and animation sequences to drive two-dimensional numerical simulations of the time-dependent compressible Navier-Stokes equations. For instance, images can be used to initialize temperature fields which cause dynamic buoyancy-driven vortices to evolve. In addition to being image-driven, the system is unique in allowing for compressibility of the fluid, and in its use of partial differential equations for texture mapping.