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Model aggregation of wind farms and other ensemble systems

An important challenge currently faced by the electric power industry is the integration of wind farms and other new generation technologies into power system models used for system security analysis. Because wind farms comprise a large number of relatively small generating units, it is convenient to seek a model that represents the farm as an equivalent single generator, but questions remain as to the ability of such aggregate models to correctly represent the wind farm dynamics for the purpose of stability studies. This paper outlines a 'perturbation theory' of model aggregation for ensembles of identical dynamical systems, which when applied to wind farms can guide the construction of aggregate models and provide theoretical bounds for their accuracy.