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Pulsed electrical breakdown of conductive water with air bubbles

In this study we summarize our experimental results regarding the influence of artificial bubbles, introduced in bulk liquid and deposited on the surface of electrodes, on the pulsed electrical breakdown of water with conductivity of 35 and 330 μS cm−1 in ‘pin-to-rod’ geometry. A comparative study is completed for four different configurations of bubbles: (1) no bubbles at all; (2) bubbles only in bulk liquid; (3) bubbles only on the surface of electrodes; (4) bubbles both in bulk liquid and on the surface. Both volumetric and surface bubbles were revealed to change the breakdown mechanism at the near-breakdown voltage in two different ways, based on plasma channel propagation speed.