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Evaluation of mechanical properties and environmental impact of using limestone powder in high performance concrete

High performance concrete (HPC) is widely used in construction of high rise buildings and bridges. However due to low w/c ratio, high temperature rise and self-desiccation of HPC occurs which leads to higher autogenous shrinkage and thus increasing the cracking potential of HPC. In this study, various dosages of LS powder (10%, 15% and 20%) with varying fineness were used as a replacement of cement to investigate its influence on the selected properties of HPC. Besides, the efficiency factor and equivalent-carbon dioxide (CO2e) emission were evaluated for life cycle assessment (LCA) of HPC mixtures containing LS powder. Various properties of HPC such as, workability, compressive, split tensile and flexural strength, semi-adiabatic temperature rise and autogenous shrinkage were investigated. The results revealed that the workability and density were enhanced by replacing a part of the cement with finer and intermediate LS powder in comparison with the coarser LS powder. The compressive, split tensile and flexural strength all were reduced by increasing the replacement level of finer, intermediate and coarser LS powder at all curing ages. Further, higher temperature peaks and high autogenous shrinkage was observed in finer limestone mixtures due to nucleation effect and accelerating hydration reaction by finer limestone particles. The highest efficiency factor and highest reduction in emission of CO2e was observed in the mixtures containing 20% coarser LS powder followed by the intermediate LS powder. This research work may help in understanding the role of varying finenesses of LS powder as a viable material in high performance based composites.