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CHAPTER 3 . 3 DNA G-quadruplex structures : from sensing to logic gates

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is known to play a central role in storing the genetic information of every living organism, and DNA replication and transcription mechanisms have been studied intensively. Recently, many findings have shown DNA to be a very dynamic molecule with the ability to form a number of non-canonical spatial arrangements such as single-stranded hairpins, homoduplexes, triplexes, and quadruplexes to regulate other functions [1, 2]. The formation of such secondary and tertiary structures is involved in DNA recombination, regulation of gene expression, and possibly proliferation of tumor cells. Therefore, there is growing interest in studying the structures of nucleic acids and their application in medical science.