{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.011353711790393014, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00960698689956332, 'mean_word_length': 5.47457627118644, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Insight into CO2 Etching Behavior for Efficiently Nanosizing Graphene

Chemical etching of graphene over catalytic metal surface holds great potential in nanosizing the graphene microstructure and thus modulating its properties. Herein, it has been demonstrated that gaseous CO2 can efficiently etch the monolayer graphene film grown by chemical vapor deposition catalyzed with the surface of Cu foil. During the etching process, the CO2 etching rate is monotonously dependent on the CO2 flowrate and the etching temperature, and is faster than the H2 etching which has been usually employed for the graphene patterning. Moreover, the resultant graphene flakes by the CO2 etching remain the originally high crystallinity and are free of being oxidized. Also, a 120° angle between the neighboring edges and hexagonal morphology of graphene flakes can be realized for the potential shape regulation of nanostructured graphene, which is similar as the anisotropic etching of H2. These results illustrate that the CO2 etching over the metal surface can provide a promising strategy for the precisely fabrication of nanostructured graphene materials.