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Impact of obesity on the vascular circadian clock

Obesity leads to cardiovascular disease, but specific mechanisms remain unidentified. Studies suggest that circadian disruption is pivotal in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Because obesity is associated with altered circadian rhythms, we hypothesized that obesity would impact the circadian clock in vascular (aorta) and metabolic (liver) tissue. To examine whether obesity impacts circadian rhythms of gene expression, we analyzed mRNA expression profiles of circadian regulator genes in lean mice, obese mice and diabetic mice at 6 hour intervals. In the liver, expression of circadian genes cry, clock, and per showed mild amplitude suppression in diseased animals and expression of DBP was markedly suppressed. In aorta, similar results were observed but diabetes was required to fully suppress DBP. To test whether obesity impacts cardiovascular gene expression, we measured temporal mRNA expression profiles of cardiovascular regulator genes in the aorta. Expression of endothelial NO synthase and adrenergic receptors showed AM suppression in obesity and augmented expression of adrenergic receptors with the onset of diabetes. Taken together, these data indicate that obesity and/or diabetes affects not only expression of cardiovascular genes but also their circadian variation. This variation may contribute to the altered function of these pathways in obesity.