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Biofilm monitoring by photoacoustic spectroscopy.

The use of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) as a new biofilm monitoring technique is presented. Growth and detachment of biofilms at three different positions inside a flow channel were monitored by photoacoustic measurements in the visible spectral range (lambda = 532 nm). The experimental approach allows the investigation of the influence of various process parameters (e.g. pH or flow conditions) on growth and detachment of biofilms. In addition, the distribution of the attached biomass can be monitored by depth-resolved photoacoustic measurements.