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Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System as an Efficient Method for Mass Production of In Vitro Plants in Horticulture and Medicinal Plants

A temporary immersion system (TIS) bioreactor has been used as an efficient and cost-effective method for the in vitro propagation of many plant species. In the current study, the applicability of a TIS bioreactor for plantlet regeneration Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Fragaria × ananassa Duch., and Cnidium officinale Makino was studied. Shoot length, a number of leaves per regenerated shoot, fresh, and dry biomass of plantlets were optimal with the TIS compared to semi-solid and liquid immersion cultures. The leaf area in cryshanthmum, strawberry, and C. afficinale were 2.87 cm2, 3.51 cm2, and 1.43 cm2, respectively, in the plants regenerated by TIS. The photosynthetic pigments were highest in strawberry plants grown in TIS bioreactor culture, and there was no significant difference between semi-solid and liquid culture while the highest values were obtained in C. officinale maintained in semi-solid culture. The chrysanthemum and strawberry plants showed a 100% acclimatization rate in all culture systems. C. officinale plants showed the highest survival rate at 96.9%, which were regenerated in the TIS. TIS bioreactor culture, thus, provides a convenient method that could be adopted for commercial in vitro propagation of chrysanthemum, strawberry and C. officinale plants.