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The effects of non‐anaemic iron deficiency on cognition, mental health and fatigue in women of childbearing age: A systematic review protocol

Review Question: Does iron deficiency effect specific measurements of mental health (such as but not limited to mental health, vitality and general health perceptions)? Does iron deficiency effect specific measurements of fatigue (Such as but not limited to behavioural/severity, affective meaning, sensory and cognitive/mood)? Does elemental iron supplementation improve iron status and have consequent effects on measurements of cognitive functioning? Inclusion criteria: Types of participants: This review will consider studies that include female human participants, aged between 13 and 40. Participants are to have serum iron studies performed with a result of either iron deficiency anaemia, iron deficiency (without anaemia), or iron sufficient. Participants are to have completed a cognitive functioning test and may also complete other measures of psychological functioning, including fatigue and mental health. Types of intervention: This review will consider studies that evaluate interventions that include any form of elemental iron supplementation for a minimum of 4 weeks. Ferrous sulphate is an iron salt formulation that typically contains 2‐3% elemental iron and is the most common treatment for iron deficiency. Ferrogradumet is the one most commonly recommended iron supplements by GPs in Australia. This supplement provides 325mg of ferrous sulphate and 105mg elemental iron, a dose which has been associated with gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, constipation and darkening of stools. In studies testing effects of iron supplementation, low doses are used to reduce the chance of subjects suffering from side effects (60 or 80mg elemental iron).The supplementation period must include a control group taking placebo to compare subsequent effect on iron status and cognitive functioning.