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Effects of Fluid Viscosity and Two-Phase Flow on Performance of ESP

Electric submersible pumps (ESPs) are widely used in the oil and gas industry for crude-oil lifting, especially in subsea oil fields or underground storage caverns. The failure of ESPs causes a large economic cost mainly attributed to a break in production continuity, as the ESP cannot be easily replaced. Therefore, the assurance of safe and efficient operation of ESPs has attracted high attention in recent years, although the problem still remains challenging given the complexity of carrying fluid and the mechanical structure of the ESP. In this article, we systematically review both the high-impact, classic contributions and the most up-to-date, current opinions in experimental and numerical advances of viscous effects and two-phase flow in ESPs. We specifically focus on the applications in the oil and gas industry and point out a few current challenges in the operation of ESPs. We aim to guide the audience which is new to the area of ESPs to the correct articles related to their interests, including classic work and recent advances.