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The clinical value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) semi-quantitative parameters in monitoring neoadjuvant chemotherapy response of osteosarcoma

Background Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a non-invasive technique which could monitor tumor morphology, blood vessel dynamics, and micro-environmental changes. Purpose To evaluate the value of DCE-MRI semi-quantitative parameters in monitoring the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response of osteosarcoma. Material and Methods Twenty-five patients pathologically confirmed as osteosarcoma received four cycles of NAC followed by surgery. All patients underwent conventional and dynamic MRI twice, before starting chemotherapy and before surgical treatment. With a reference standard of histological response (tumor necrosis rate), semi-quantitative parameters were compared between good response group (TNR ≥ 90%) and non-response group (TNR < 90%). The differences between intra- and inter-group parameters before and after NAC were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was generated to assess the parameters’ efficacy in predicting the outcome of NAC. Results The changes were statistically significant on slope, maximum signal intensity (SImax), time to peak (TTP), signal enhanced extent (SEE), peak percent enhancement (PPE), washout rate (WOR), and enhancement rate (ER) in the good response group (P < 0.05), while only SImax and SEE were different in the non-response group after NAC. The changes in Slope, SImax, TTP, SEE, WOR, and ER were markedly different (P < 0.05) between the two groups after NAC. Also, at the threshold values of 3.2%/s, 175 s, and 5.4% (slope, TTP, and ER), the sensitivity and specificity for predicting good response to chemotherapy were 83.3% and 92.3%, 91.7% and 69.2%, 84.6% and 75.0%, respectively. Conclusion Slope, TTP, and ER values could be used to evaluate and predict the response to NAC in osteosarcoma.