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Invasive fungal diseases caused by rare pathogens in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) & chemotherapy

Abstract Background The number of publications on the invasive fungal diseases caused by rare pathogens (rare IFD) after HSCT and chemotherapy is limited. Methods From 2008 to 2017 in R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation (CIC725) have been performed 2738 HSCT including 1845 allogeneic (allo-HSCT) and 893 autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT). During the observation period 40 probable and proven rare IFD (EORTC/MSG 2008 criteria) cases were diagnosed in children and adults with hematological malignances and non-malignant hematological diseases after allo-HSCT (n = 30), auto-HSCT (n = 2), and chemotherapy (n = 8). The median follow up time for rare IFD cases was 3 months; for survivors – 30 months. Results Incidence of rare IFD in HSCT recipients was 1,5%, it was higher after allo-HSCT (1,6%) than auto-HSCT (0,2%) (p  Conclusions The incidence of rare IFD in HSCT recipients was 1,5%. Rare IFD is a late complication after chemotherapy and HSCT and usually develops after or in combination with invasive aspergillosis. Higher incidence and worst prognosis rare IFD is observed in allo-HSCT recipients. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.