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Munshi Premchand of Lamhi village

is a tendency for purely technical innovations to be recited. Thus, reports for given dates on the number of hospitals and doctors, automobiles and road mileage, and lists of provincial weekly or monthly newspapers seem out of place in the text. This type of distraction reaches as an extreme when we are informed that the fountain pen was introduced between 1909 and 1911 (p. 200). Assessment of cultural/social change is more difficult than are the more tangible issues of politics. Gregorian explores the connections between political and cultural change, but reaches fewer, confident conclusions. Not only do we learn little about the modernist elite itself, we learn much less about the pace and quality of change of life outside of Kabul, produced by the innovations in law or education. Policies especially in the cultural and social fields, could not have been more than sets of intentions whose effects were uncertain at best. Such hiatuses cannot be considered a weakness. In relating the struggle for royal control to the process of cultural change, Gregorian identifies a large number of avenues of significant research. Emergence will serve as an indispensible tool for students of Afghanistan. Especially useful is its elaborate apparatus which includes 90 pages of informative notes and 66 pages of bibliography. Even at $17.50 it is a worthwhile investment.