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Blood contact activation: pathophysiological effects and therapeutic approaches

a nonphysiologic manner. Perfusion is conducted using heparinization, haemodilution, pulsatile or nonpulsatile flow, and some degree of hypothermia. Oxygenation is achieved using membrane or bubble oxygenators. Significant clinical morbidity is relatively unusual, although this owes more to the body’s ability to compensate for the damaging effects of CPB than to extracorporeal circulatory perfection. CPB poses significant pathophysiological effects, principally from four areas; haemodynamics and perfusion,4-16 gaseous exchange,17-21 hypothermia and acid-base regulation22-28 and, finally, blood contact activation. Contact activation is caused when the formed