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The Study of the Historical Records of Xuanzang on Sri Lanka

The main objective of this research paper is to identify the authenticity of the historical facts compiled on Sri Lanka, by Xuanzang. He travelled to India in seventh century C.E. Although he wanted to visit Sri Lanka, he could not visit the island owing to a famine and political unrest in Sri Lanka. He visited Kānchipuram, and there he met the chief monks of Bodhimegehsvar and Abhayadrustra with three hundred other fellow monks, who stayed in South India, owing to the famine and the political unrest that occurred in Sri Lanka. Xuanzang’s records of Sri Lanka was based on, what he has heard from the above monks. In this research the attention is made to compare the records of the Xuanzang with the chronicles of Sri Lanka, the Divyāvadāna, the records Faxian and the Jātaka stories. Xuanzang reveals two stories regarding the origin of Sinhalese people. One of the stories is much more similar with the Mahāvaṃśa and the other is similar to that of the Divyāvadāna. It is deemed to study all these literary sources and its influence on the records of Xuanzang. As recorded by Xuanzang, Buddhism was introduced to Sri Lanka by the youngest brother of Asoka, prince Mahendra, not by his son as the vamsa have. It is presumably wise to critically analyse all these assertions. Xuanzang says that the royal palace is situated next to the alms hall. This can be testified with the archaeological findings and the epigraphical data. There are differences between Faxian’s and Xuanzang’s descriptions as well. The present study is an attempt to trace the differences between above records. Xuanzang sheds light on the fraternity of the sangha’s, Tooth Relic Temple of Sri Lanka and the ceremonies conducted for the veneration of it, monasteries of monks, trade and the economy. The valuable historical facts can be gathered, which belongs to the 14th century as well. This paper proposes to discuss the significance of all these scenarios.