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From the Reconquest to the Revolutionary Wars: Recent Trends in Austrian Diplomatic History, 1683–1800

NEARLY FIFTEEN YEARS ago Grete Klingenstein and I had the occasion to discuss the state of early modern Austrian diplomatic history. Despite her own vivid interest in the held, she bemoaned the general lack of interest among the current generation of Austrian university students. She suggested at the time that Austria's neutrality in the cold war had contributed to a general detachment from foreign affairs, "as if it were true that es kann ja nichts geschehen." Klingenstein's lament was borne out shortly thereafter when an international symposium convened in Vienna to commemorate the two-hundredth anniversary of the death of Maria Theresa and the succession of Joseph II. Of the fifty-six scholars who delivered papers at the symposium, only Derek Beales, the late Robert A. Kann, and Russian historian Erich Donnert dealt with foreign affairs. Much of what has since been published about early modern Austrian foreign policy has come from Anglo-American scholars or from Germans and Hungarians who write from the perspective of their own national histories. It is also not surprising to find that the number of recent publications increases steadily as one proceeds in time from the second siege of Vienna to the great international congress that still lends the greatest presumption of relevance to the study of Austrian diplomatic history.