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Agrarian Reform in Latin America

society positively. If we are to have our cake and eat it too, that is, to have growth and equity, the state must play an active role. " . . . the most important instruments for increasing political participation . . . are those that involve fundamental changes in socio-economic and political structure as well as a basic reorientation of development strategies" (p. 198). Moreover, "If a country is to avoid stagnation at a low level of development, it must not only eliminate expatriate or neocolonial elites but replace them with indigenous entrepreneurs and administrators who are quite widely spread throughout the country" (p. 194). One senses that Adelman and Morris are chastened by their conclusions. The policy recommendations in Economic Growth and Social Equity in Developing Countries are made with less assurance than those in Society, Politics, and Economic Development. Indeed they have a certain rhetorical and hortatory quality. Committed to equity as a proper goal for developing societies, and persuaded by their own research of the need for institional reform, they have, in effect, passed the modernization baton to political and other social scientists with the injunction that they must have a "thorough knowledge . . . of the complex interrelationships among the society, the bureaucracy, and the economy" (p. 200). Readers of this journal are not likely to quarrel with this view which, after all, is very largely what the literature of political modernization is about. Yet they, too, should feel chastened because it is far from clear that that literature contains solutions to the policy problems Adelman and Morris pose.