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A positional effect in sound symbolism: An experimental study

It has been well-established in the psycholinguistic literature that word-initial syllables play a primary role in word recognition processes (Browman, 1978; Brown and MacNeill, 1966; Cole, 1973; Hawkins and Cutler, 1988; Marslen-Wilson, 1975; Mattys and Samuel, 2000; Nooteboom, 1981). For example, when speakers recall only a part of word (“tip of the tongue phenomenon”), the most successful cue to recall the word in its entirety is the initial syllables (Browman, 1978; Freedman and Landauer, 1966). In a phoneme monitoring task, response times are generally faster for segments in word-initial syllables than for segments in non-word-initial syllables (Mattys and Samuel, 2000). These types of evidence show that initial syllables are important in word recognition; that is, they are psycholinguistically prominent. Reflecting initial syllables’ psycholinguistic importance, the cohort model of word recognition postulates that an incoming signal—or a spoken word—activates lexical entries starting with the same segment with the incoming signal. As speakers hear subsequent sounds, words which do not contain such sounds are dropped, until a unique entry is finally detected (Marslen-Wilson, 1980; Marslen-Wilson and Welsh, 1978).