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[Study of the development of human fetal kidney: relevance of tubular basement membrane to the formation and development of the nephron].

Human embryonic kidney was examined histochemically using PAP and PAM staining with par ticular emphasis on the relevance of basement membrane to the formation and development of the nephron. PAP method was used for staining laminin of basement membrane, and its sensitivity was compared to that of the conventional PAM method. The results were as follows: 1) In 5 weeks of embryo, laminin of the ureteral bud was already stained in a linear pattern. 2) When renal vesicle was formed from the metanephric blastema, laminin was also noted on the basal aspect, indicating that laminin is intimately involved in the early evolution of cell differentiation from mesenchyme to tubules. Up to this stage, there was no staining of basement membrane like structure of PAM method. 3) As tubules undergo S-shaped stage and luminar connection of ureteral bud and S-shaped body were noted, laminin was also found to form a continuity from tubules to ureteral bud. At this stage PAM staining became positive from the beginning albeit in a portion of tubules. 4) As nephron matures, staining characteristic of basement membrane by PAP method was changed from a punctate to a linear pattern, and this matched to PAM method for the first time. These data suggest that (a) basement membrane evolves as nephron is formed from metanephric blastema to tubules and (b) PAP method for laminin is more sensitive than PAM method in assessing the functional role of basement membrane in the development of nephron.