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A Review of The Politics of Innocence: Hutu Identity, Conflict, and Camp Life

Throughout the 1990s, the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa was plagued by a series of violent ethnic conflicts which ultimately displaced millions of people. These refugees often ended up in camps in neighboring countries where they posed several challenges for international relief organizations and foreign governments alike. On the one hand, the camps had to serve the practical purpose of providing food, shelter, and health care to millions of displaced persons, while relief agencies had to determine the best way to provide these services. Camp residents had already fled from conflict zones; aid agencies needed to determine how to best facilitate a peaceful coexistence within the camps themselves. On the other hand, refugees found themselves straddling the line between their status as citizens of Burundi, which rendered them eligible for specific rights as citizens, and as nonnational settlers struggling to recreate an identity within the context of institutions arising around the foreign camps. The Politics of Innocence: Hutu Identity, Conflict, and Camp Life examines these dynamics through an analysis of Burundian refugees who ended up in the Lukole refugee camp in Tanzania. Simon Turner investigates the ways in which the social and political identities of the Hutu refugees were shaped and transformed within Lukole in western Tanzania beginning in 1993. In October of that year, Tutsi officers from the Burundian military abducted and killed Hutu President Melchior Ndadaye, who had served only 6 months in office. This sparked a mass killing of 30,000 Tutsi by Hutu villagers, an event that would have a lasting effect on Burundian society. The first large-scale exodus of Hutu began almost immediately; many of the refugees settled in the Lukole refugee camp in neighboring Tanzania. Within this context of politically motivated ethnic genocide, the book explores the changing dynamics of social and political relationships within the camps. It considers not only how these relations were influenced by events in Burundi but also how they were directly impacted by numerous relief agencies operating in and around Lukole. In order to make sense of the refugee population, aid agencies established identities based on guilt and innocence in light of recent events, while failing to consider the history