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Orientational Phase Transitions in Langmuir Monolayers

A statistical mechanics approach is applied to studying orientational phase transitions in Langmuir monolayers. The orientational phase transition of rodlike molecules in the monolayer is attributed to a competition between two types of forces experienced by the dipolar molecules. One is the electrostatic attractive force between the dipolar molecules and water surface, the other is the steric repulsive force among the molecules. The consideration of finite steric repulsive potentials makes the present theoretical result in qualitative agreement with the existing experiments.