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Poverty and longevity in a developing country : the dynamics of disability and mortality in Indonesia

Across developing countries, improving the health of poor individuals is a major policy priority. Many governments and global organizations are building and implementing policies that specifically target individuals and families in poverty. Although many studies find large poverty differences in child health and mortality, almost no research examines whether these differences persist into adulthood. Using longitudinal individual level data from three of of the four waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey, I combine disability and mortality in a multi-state model to provide the some of the first estimates of poverty differences in total and healthy life expectancy for adults in a developing country. Using three separate poverty lines, I find that poverty is only weakly related to adult longevity in Indonesia. For men, poverty differences in total and healthy life expectancy range from around one year to virtually no difference. Poverty differences are slightly larger for women: poor women can expect to live around two fewer years between the ages of 20 and 80 compared to non-poor women. Still, these differences are modest and most are not statistically significant. Poverty differences in healthy life expectancy are even smaller, with almost no difference between poor and non-poor women. Overall, my findings suggest that income poor individuals in Indonesia do not live shorter or unhealthier lives as adults.