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Development of Effective Protocol for Four Varieties of Large Cardamom

Large cardamom is one of the most important spices that can significantly contribute to the economical farming in the country of Nepal. It is grown in Nepal and north-eastern states of India which provide suitable agroclimatic growing conditions of high humidity, ambient temperature and high rainfall. Meeting the demand for high quality plants and yield of cardamom is challenging with traditional methods of propagation. The present study has used the plant tissue culture technique to produce high quality plants. In this regard, MS media with three different hormonal combinations were used for the development protocol for 8 weeks. Shoot length, root length, shoot number and root number were assessed at intervals. The best protocol for growth was MS media with 1 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IBA for the Ramsey variety, with no significant difference for Golsai, Dambarsai, or Sikkimae varieties. Similarly, the acclimatization and field transfer study was done. The use of any substrate composition in ratio of coco peat: soil 1:2; moss: coco peat 1:2 and sawdust: coco peat 1:2 enables transfer of healthy plants to the field. The results indicate that the varieties respond differently to the micropropagation process and to hormone concentrations indicated by differing root and shoot production. The protocol of 1mg/L BAP and 0.5mg/L IBA could be used for the Ramsai while optimal shoot production for Golsai and Sikkimae should be at 0.5mg/L and 5mg/L for shoot production. All varieties showed optimal root production at 0mg/L BAP and 0.5mg/L IBA. This study sheds light on the different responsiveness of varieties to tissue culture and hormone concentrations for both root and shoot development in micropropagation.