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Revision of Failed Externally Fixated Ankle Fusions Using Retrograde Tibial Nail

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and indication of retrograde intramedullary nailing for the revision of ankle fusions performed initially in conjunction with multi-planar deformity correction using three-ring external fixation. Thirteen patients (13 ankles) were revised utilizing a retrograde intramedullary nail, after failed clinical and radiographic evidence of ankle osseous healing (mean time to revision was 12.25 weeks, range 8.5-18 weeks). All thirteen patients achieved ankle fusion with the retrograde tibial nail, which were based on clinical and radiographic fusion (mean average 15 weeks with a range of 8 to 25 weeks). Complications were found in 48% of patients, which included dehiscence, soft tissue infection, painful hardware, and