{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.016177957532861477, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 6.122302158273381, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The Formation of the Italian Administrative Justice System, European Common Principles of Administrative Law, and ‘Jurisdictionalization’ of Administrative Justice in the Nineteenth Century

The present study deals with the formation of the Italian administrative justice system and its French derivation. The analysis therefore extends into the wider European context in the nineteenth century, showing the existence of European common principles of administrative law and providing reasons that explain why the administrative justice system achieved a citizen protection superior to that of the civil law tradition. Finally, the chapter focuses on the consequences of the process of ‘jurisdictionalization’ of administrative justice, suggesting that the gracieuse origins of administrative justice was more easily saved in systems, such as the French or Italian system, in which the ‘same’ administrative bodies in exercising administrative justice formally became administrative courts.