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The Psychology of Police-Public Relations

Communication is not a unitary concept it embraces varied types of human behaviour that convey messages, both intended and unintended. Not only actions and words but also clothes, hair style, accent and tone of voice are an integral part of a message'. The intended content of a message also varies enormously police officers may wish to cajole, warn or inform the public; or may need to persuade them to co-operate in some activity such as a search for stolen property or a missing child. Most difficult of all, perhaps, are the occasions when it is necessary to explain or defend police actions to an unsympathetic public. Communication, moreover, is essentially a duologue it is only effective when the reaction of the audience is recognized and used to modify further messages so that they are more intelligible or acceptable. Repetition of a message that is unwelcome or persistently misunderstood can only provoke an emotional and antagonistic response. Two people in conversation can only exchange ideas if they are aware of, and adapt to, each other's reactions. The same is true, although on a more complicated and cumbersome scale, of two groups of people who are trying to communicate. Human communication is never a whole and undamaged transfer of the intended message from the transmitter to the receiver. To employ briefly the jargon of information theory there is always some "noise" in the channel of communication and the repertoire of concepts of the transmitter can never be identical to the repertoire of the de-coder so that misunderstandings inevitably arise. One reason why communication has become more complex is that the conceptual repertoires of the people in this country have perhaps become more elaborate during this century. The majority of society no longer accepts a single code of ethics and the spread of education means that more people distinguish the shades of moral grey between the extremes of right and wrong. Ours is also now a multi-racial society containing groups with language and cultural differences. Before considering means of improving the clarity of the dialogue between police and public we must make a small expedition into the tangled thickets of English society. Although there are no longer the wide divisions between rich and poor today that there were 50 years ago, we are not the homogeneous society that the fantasies of advertisers suggest. Many