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Evaluation of a proton pencil bean algorithm for dose calculations in heterogenous media

Our group previously developed a pencil beam algorithm for calculating dose from a scanned proton beam in water that produced excellent agreement with dose distributions simulated with Monte Carlo (MC). The PBA consisted of two terms: a central axis term obtained from a central axis depth dose of a proton beam in water. The off-axis term consisting of two terms: A primary term accounting for multiple Coulomb scatter and a nuclear halo term accounting for large angle and non elastic scatter. The primary Gaussian term was determined from Fermi –Eyges scattering theory using the differential Moliere scattering power. The nuclear halo term consisted of a Gaussian determined by fitting a MC simulated 1-mm x 1-mm pencil beam in water.