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Non-Contrastive Voice Quality Characteristics of Northern Vietnamese Tones

This study investigated non-contrastive voice qualities in Northern Vietnamese tones with a focus on huyền and hỏi. The analysis measured the relative amplitude of the first and second harmonics (H1-H2) and of the first harmonic and first formant (H1-A1) in a sample of native speaker speech. While the results are consistent with reports of multiple voice qualities for huyền and hỏi, huyền appeared to be breathy or tense, not breathy or modal. In addition, low falling-rising hỏi demonstrated breathy, modal, and tense qualities, while the low falling variant was consistently non-modal.