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A Facile Synthesis of Fe-doped Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Rhodamine B Dye Degradation

This work presents a synthesis of undoped and Fe-doped zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) as photocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B dye (RB). The undoped and doped ZrO2photocatalysts were successfully synthesized using co-precipitation process. Structural and morphological studies using XRD and FESEM showed that spherical shapes of undoped and Fe-doped ZrO2 NPs prepared in high crystallinity and tetragonal phase. The optical characterization of photocatalysts using UV–Vis absorbance spectra revealed that the band gap was increased with increasing the dopant concentration. The band gap values of 4.98, 4.44, 4.29, 4.05 and 3.88 eV were obtained for undoped ZrO2, 2wt%, 5wt%, 8wt% and 10wt% Fe-doped ZrO2 NPs, respectively, which indicates narrowing of band gap with increasing the Fe concentration. The results of photodegradation studies showed that the complete removal of 100 mg/l RB was obtained after 55 minutes UV irradiation for the 8wt% Fe-doped ZrO2. The maximum photodegradation efficiency on 8wt% Fe-doped ZrO2 than undoped ZrO2 can be associated with the presence of Fe ions that can act as a sink and trap and transfer holes and electrons to minimize recombination of photoexcited electrons and holes. The stability response of 8wt% Fedoped ZrO2photocatalyst to degradation of Rhodamine B under UV irradiation showed that the photocatalyst had great recycling stability.