{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02512562814070352, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.719101123595506, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice

Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) is a new but already well‐recognised non‐surgical method of overcoming extrahepatic biliary obstruction. It can be used as a temporary measure to improve the patient's general condition prior to high‐risk operative surgery. It provides time for further investigation and, if the patient has an advanced malignancy, he can be offered long‐term PTBD as the definitive palliative treatment. Thus surgery, with its high rates of mortality and morbidity in such patients, is avoided.