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Occurrence of the colistin resistance mcr‐1 gene in soils from intensive vegetable production and native vegetation

Colistin, currently regarded as the last‐resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria, is used in poultry production to treat and prevent infection, and as a growth promoter. Poultry litter is commonly used as organic fertilizer; however, there are no reports on the effect of its application regarding colistin resistance in soils. Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare the abundance of the colistin resistance gene (mcr‐1) in soils from vegetable production areas that received non‐composted poultry litter as organic fertilizer and native vegetation areas. The mcr‐1 gene was detected in all soil samples from both areas. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the relative abundance of the mcr‐1 gene between soils pertaining to the vegetable production area and the native vegetation area in six of those 10 properties. This is the first report of the presence of the colistin resistance gene in soils from Brazil. The vast majority of antibiotic resistance genes acquired by human pathogens originated in natural environments. Thus, the presence of the mcr‐1 gene in soils treated with poultry litter and from native vegetation areas reinforces the need for studies that minimize potential risks of the development of colistin resistance.