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Factors determining labor underutilization in Spain by gender before and after the economic crisis

This article analyzes separately for men and women the main factors associated with labor underutilization (underemployment and unemployment) in Spain before and after the economic crisis. It does so by means of a novel application of the mixed logit econometric model, which has not been used before in the specialized literature on this topic and which represents a significant advance with respect to previous models. The results evidence significant modifications during this period of crisis and underscore important differences between men and women pertaining to these two conditions of labor underutilization.