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Detection of cattle exposed to foot-and-mouth disease virus by means of an indirect ELISA test using bioengineered nonstructural polyprotein 3ABC.

Abstract An indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (I‐ELISA) capable of detecting foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV)‐specific antibodies in sera from animals with previous viral exposure was developed, as an alternative tool to the enzyme‐linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) test previously described (Bergmann et al., 1993). Out of the 5 recombinant DNA‐derived FMD nonstructural viral antigens used in the EITB assay, 3ABC was selected, as a serologic probe for the I‐ELISA. High sensitivity for detection of acute as well as of subclinical infection, even at late stages of the persistent status, was indicated by the results for sera from naive animals following experimental infection, or following exposure to the virus under natural conditions. The ability of the test to identify FMDV persistently infected animals subjected to systematic vaccination was also demonstrated. High specificity was revealed by evaluating sera from cattle in FMD‐free regions without vaccination, including samples from cat...