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Essays on Teaching Excellence Toward the Best in the Academy

For many students and even some instructors the unspoken purpose of teaching and learning is the reduction of uncertainty. In a teacher-directed, content-oriented teaching approach--a conceptualization held by many instructors, the primary role of the instructor is the presentation of content in a clear and organized fashion primarily through the traditional lecture (Kember, 1997). According to Perry's well-known stage theory of intellectual development, many college students believe that knowledge consists of right answers and learning the memorization and reproduction of these answers, a notion quite compatible with the teacher-directed, content-oriented approach to teaching (Perry, 1970). An implicit but clear contract exists between teacher and student: "I'll tell you what you need to know, and you show me that you know it."