{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.015286624203821656, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005095541401273885, 'mean_word_length': 5.238095238095238, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Denoising Filter Based on Focus Measure Operators for Astronomical Images: A Comparative Study

The celestial study requires exceedingly proper scientific research, which depends on the quality of the astronomical image. The photo may contain noise due to various interference presented during the quantization process. Removing different types of noise from an image is an essential step in image processing. This paper compares the effect of using various kinds of denoising filters on various focus measure operators for two separated astronomical image sequences. The 74-inch telescope at the Kottamia astronomical observatory (KAO) is used to observe these sequences. The results reveal that a median filter of size 5 × 5 is privileged in most cases according to ranking criteria.