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The Archaeology of Warfare: Local Chiefdoms and Settlement Systems in the Jenin Region during the Ottoman Period of Palestine

What is a Chiefdom? Scholars have debated the exact definition of chiefdom for decades. Some, such as R. L. Carneiro, define it to be "an autonomous political unit comprising a number of vil lages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief" (1981: 45). C. K. Chase-Dunn and T. D. Hall, applying world-systems theory, argue that chiefdoms provide momentum for the development of core-periphery relations and such relations need an organizational system, especially one that can control its economical resources (Chase-Dunn and Hall 1997: 406). Thus, a chiefdom is a tool that can be used by a central power to collect revenue and maintain loyalties. Within a more complex chiefdom, there exist hierarchies of kinship that are used to redistrib ute goods produced by its members (Chase-Dunn 1992: 56-57). Villages that exhibit a tiered settlement system, in which larger villages were surrounded by smaller satel lites, are likely to have been under the control of a complex chiefdom (Nissen 1988: 41; Lightfoot and Feinman 1982: 67-68). Each system would have a site-specific catchment area that would produce enough surplus resources to feed the local community and the ruling chiefdom as well as provide extra revenue for the central ruler. Accordingly, it is possible that only 20 percent of the product would actually go to the fellahin while the rest was exchanged or utilized by other authorities.2 Land ownership in such a system was