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Tunable Balanced Power Dividers: An Overview of Recently Developed Balanced Power Dividers and Couplers With Fixed and Tunable Functions

Signal crosstalk and common-mode noise are two issues for engineers when designing today's increasingly complicated microwave integrated circuits [1]. Compared with singleended circuits, balanced circuits can provide high immunity to environmental noise and broadband common-mode rejection capability [2]. Over the past few years, various balanced passive circuits, such as filters [3], antennas [4], power dividers, and couplers [5]-[17], have been extensively studied. Power dividers and couplers are widely used in microwave integrated circuits, such as antenna feeding networks, balanced mixers, and amplifiers. Balanced couplers are used in doublebalanced mixers [18] and balanced frequency doublers [19] to achieve higher efficiency and lower loss.