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[Tracheoesophageal fistulas in anesthetic and intensive care practice].

The paper analyzes the etiology and pathogenesis of respiratory organ fistulas and their prevention and various treatment options (radical and palliative surgery and medical therapy). Particular attention is given to tracheoesophageal fistulas that are iatrogenic complications in anesthetic and intensive cares. The experience in treating the patients at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Russian Research Center of Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, before 1991 and from 1992 to 2007 is analyzed. Today's approach to the etiology and therapy for this severe iatrogenic complication is determined by the development of measures to prevent this complication and by the change in treatment policy in favor of early radical surgical interventions.