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Interaction between cigarette smoke and cyclic AMP signaling in human bronchial epithelial function

COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells. Airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells contribute to inflammatory cytokine release and airway remodeling. Notably, cAMP‐elevating drugs such as β2‐agonists and phosphodiesterase inhibitors diminish COPD symptoms. Compartimentalization of cAMP and its effectors by A‐kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) may explain distinct cellular responses to cAMP.