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Hydroquinone clathrates by temperature-dependent terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS), we measured the structural transition from hydroquinone (HQ) clathrates having the storage properties to crystalline a-form hydroquinone as a function of temperatures. We found that all three HQ clathrates, CO2-, CH4-, and CO2/CH4-loaded HQ clathrates, have the different vibrational lines and transform into the a-form HQ at around 102±7°C. The resonance peak of the CO2-loaded HQ clathrate at 2.15 THz decreases with increasing temperature, indicating that CO2 guest molecules are readily released from the host framework prior to the structural transformation. This reveals that the HQ clathrates may transform into the stable a-form HQ via the metastable form of guest-free clathrate, which depends on guest molecules enclathrated in the cages of the host frameworks.