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Concentric tetratic orientational order in a confined quasi-2D tubular system

Experimental evidence of two different forms of tetratic orientational order in granular submonolayers is presented. The system, which consists of tubular particles in a circular cell, essentially consists of a central region exhibiting conventional tetratic orientational order, reminiscent of that expected in the bulk for hard rectangles, as well as an outer region exhibiting ‘concentric’ tetratic order. The analysis used to quantify the latter’s degree of order and size, which requires suitably re-defining the relevant order parameters, can be readily extended to a wide variety of confining geometries, both with curved and straight confining walls.