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Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from nickel in an aquatic plant (Ludwigia repens): pseudophytodermatitis

There are no previous reports of dermatitis from the inorganic materials that plants contain, rather than from the plants themselves (1). A 28-year-old woman, who worked for a company that fitted out aquaria, had developed a fingertip dermatitis 6 months ago, when given the job of storing and selling ornamental aquatic plants. She associated recurrences of the eruption with one particular aquatic plant, namely Ludwigia repens (Onagraceae/Oenotheracerae), a cosmopolitan temperate-zone water plant also found in Italy, typically growing along the edges of lakes and watersheds, and periodically submerged. Plants on sale come from Singapore, where they are grown in open nurseries. They had routinely been placed in the aquaria of this company for the past 5 years. The patient was patch tested with the GIRDCA standard series, plus samples of water from various tanks, and alcoholic and aqueous extracts of water plants, including Egeria densa, Dracaena, nasturtiums, moss, aquatic mint, cryptophyces, and Ludwigia repens, prepared as follows: 1 g macerated plant material was placed in 10 ml 95% ethanol or distilled water, sealed and stood for 24 h, with occasional shaking. After 24 h, 10 ml supernatant was removed and another 10 ml ethanol or water added, to be removed 24 h later. The 20 ml supernatants were filtered, evaporated to 1 ml, and used for patch testing. Neither extracts nor water from tanks caused positive reactions, only Ludwigia repens itself and nickel sulfate. We therefore thought that there might be nickel in the plant and proceeded to analyse it (2). Samples were precision weighed and dried to constant weight at 55°, and then digested in a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids to solubilize the nickel and remove the organics. Nickel content in the ash was determined by atomic absorption