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Enhanced energy detection and moving average thresholding for cognitive femtocell networks

Underutilization of spectrum is one of the main hurdles for emerging technologies. A major portion of the spectrum is vacant in many bands and there is a misconception that the spectrum scarcity is prevalent. Cognitive radio and femtocell have been considered as efficient and reliable technologies to explore vacant spectrum and allocate it to the opportunistic users. In this paper, a femtocell is incorporated in a cognitive radio environment which minimizes the interference and increases its capacity. Spectrum underutilization is greatly solved by this kind of environment. This is achieved by allowing the opportunistic users to use the free and available spectrum. In this paper, enhanced energy detection and moving average thresholding are applied for efficient spectrum sensing. The network created in this work is a proactive protocol enabled network which maintains the information of primary users as well as vacant channel information. Opportunistic users access this information for reliable communication and spectrum sensing.