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Systematic technique for water minimisation in urban watersystem using water pinch analysis

Pinch Analysis has been an established systematic technique for the design and retrofit (improvement) of heat, mass and water recovery networks in industry to achieve maximum energy as well as mass efficiency. Until today, the application of Pinch Analysis is perceived to exclusively belong to the process engineering domain. This work describes a potential shift in the global traditional process engineering paradigm related to energy and water savings to allow Pinch Analysis application to be extended beyond the frontiers of process industry; into the area of public and domestic buildings for the purpose of maximising water recovery. Adaptation of Pinch Analysis targeting technique for urban water system buildings allowed the minimum water and wastewater targets to be established. In order to realise these targets, Pinch design rules were applied to generate a maximum water recovery network. A preliminary study involving the application of Pinch Analysis on a mosque yields potential maximum reductions of 66% fresh water and 53% wastewater respectively (after regeneration); a very encouraging results in terms of water savings. Much better savings can be expected for applications involving public buildings like shopping centres, offices due to the much better potential expected for recycling water.