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Regulatory role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell on γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 in a rat model of vascular dementia

Objective 
To explore the regulatory role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on γ-aminobutyric acid transporter (GAT) 1 in a rat model of vascular dementia. 
 
 
Methods 
BMSCs were isolated from 4 ~ 6 weeks SD rats, and vascular dementia model was induced by bilateral internal carotid artery ligation followed by intravenous injection of 5×106 BMSCs. 4 weeks later, immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay were employed to detect the expression of GAT1 in the brain of rats. One-way ANOVA was used when three groups were compared, and Student's t test was used in comparison between the two groups. 
 
 
Results 
The expression of GAT1 in the hippocampus and cortex of the control group (rat model received PBS injection) was decreased significantly (P < 0.01) compared with the sham group (exposed bilateral carotid artery without ligation) . 4 weeks after BMSCs transplantation, Western blot results showed that the ratio of gray value (GAT1) in the hippocampus (0.32±0.06) was increased significantly (t = 10.68, P = 0.002) in comparison to the control group (0.18±0.03) , and immunohistochemical results manifested that the number of GAT1 positive cells (43.10±2.87) was increased specifically (t = 18.99, P = 0.001) in the hippocampal CA1 area compared with the control group (24.30±3.97) . After cell transplantation, the expression of GAT1 in the cortical area (ratio of gray value: 0.55±0.04, number of GAT1 positive cells: 49.15±2.78) did not present significant change (t = 6.49, 3.50; P = 0.12, 0.39) in comparison to the control group (ratio of gray value: 0.51±0.03, number of GAT1 positive cells: 47.82±3.27) . 
 
 
Conclusion 
BMSCs transplantation is capable of improving the GAT1 expression in the hippocampus (especially in the CA1 region) in a rat model of vascular dementia. 
 
 
Key words: 
Dementia, vascular; Bone marrow; Mesenchymal stem cells; Gamma-aminobutyric acid