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Spatial relationships of female hamadryas baboons of a one – male unit in the corral conditions

Introduction. The study of the spatial relationships of hamadryas baboons is important both from a theoretical and practical point of view. The purpose of this study is to establish the characteristics of spatial relationships in female hamadryas baboons belonging to the same harem, as well as the connection between the spatial position of females in the harem and the quality of their relationships. Materials and methods. The subject of the study was a group of 25 adult female hamadryas baboons kept in a standard enclosure with an area of 600 square meters in the monkey colony of the Institute of Medical Primatology. The study was carried out using standard ethological methods. In total, 47 pairs of female hamadryas baboons of 5 harems were analyzed: 3 harems with 3 females, 1 harem with 5 females, and 1 harem with 8 females. Results. Analysis of the study showed that female hamadryas baboons spent most of their time in relative proximity to the females of their harem. It was found that a territory of 4 meters is a mobile one for the females contacting within their harem. It was found that neither the age of the females, nor the relationships or their rank were the predictors that influenced the established standards of spatial relationships in female hamadryas baboons. It is their relationship that can be considered as a factor that determines the tendency to maintain greater spatial proximity between the females. It was found that the distance between the females in harems is closely related to the quality of their relationships. Conclusion. It was found that in hamadryas baboons kept in corrals a fixed interindividual distance of 4 meters maintained by females is a mobile territory for females of their harem and serves as a condition for their normal interaction and coexistence. The established standard for the interindividual distance of females is a consequence of the harem structure of hamadryas baboons and does not have a direct relationship with age, rank and relationship. Maintaining greater spatial cohesion between individual females of the same harem is a consequence of their kinship. The spatial relationships of female hamadryas baboons can serve as an indicator for determining the quality of relationships between females of the same harem.