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Variation in the demography of a woodland understorey herb (Primula vulgaris) along the forest regeneration cycle: projection matrix analysis

1 Gaps in the forest canopy allow establishment of many understorey species. As gaps close, their demographic behaviour is affected by changing environmental conditions. A demographic analysis of Primula vulgaris populations in forest patches with varying canopy openness was carried out to investigate the effect of forest canopy dynamics on the demography of this forest understorey herb.