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TITLE: Oral antisense oligonucleotides to mitigate GI crypt survival post-irradiation A. SPECIFIC AIMS Gastrointestinal (GI) injury is a major cause and contributor of death after whole-body irradiation

A. SPECIFIC AIMS Gastrointestinal (GI) injury is a major cause and contributor of death after whole-body irradiation (Jarrett 1999; NCRP 2001), agents to mitigate the effects of acute GI radiation injury are needed. Acute radiation enteritis results from (1) loss of the epithelial stem cell population within the intestinal crypts, (2) subsequent breakdown of the epithelial barrier protection, and (3) mucosal inflammation in response to the injury. The interactions of these events accentuate the injury, e.g. mucosal breakdown allows translocation of bacteria resulting in further mucosal inflammation. Subsequently, mucosal inflammation causes regional tissue damage resulting in further mucosal injury and loss of barrier protection (Roberts, Foulcher et al. 1993; Fajardo, Berthrong et al. 2001). Apoptotic and inflammatory signaling have been identified as potential biological targets to prevent radiation injury following exposure (Coleman, Blakely et al. 2003). Antisense oligonucleotide drugs targeting the signaling events in apoptosis and inflammation are in development.