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Dietary α‐mangostin exacerbates colitis and adversely alters the gut microbiota in mice (134.7)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon partly due to a dysregulated immune response to the gut microbiota. The use of complementary and alternative medicines among UC patients is prevalent. Despite the absence of clinical evidence, nutraceuticals containing mangosteen, a fruit from Southeast Asia, are marketed as beneficial for gut and immune health. We hypothesized that α‐mangostin (α‐MG), the most abundant xanthone in mangosteen, would ameliorate colonic inflammation. The effect of α‐MG on the gut microbiota of healthy mice was also assessed. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce colitis in C57BL/6J mice fed AIN‐93 (control) diet or AIN‐93 diet with 0.1% α‐MG. Colitis was more severe in mice fed α‐MG than in controls. Mice fed α‐MG also had greater colonic infiltration of immune cells and colonic and systemic inflammation than controls. Interestingly, non‐DSS treated mice fed α‐MG also had increased colonic infiltration of immune cells and inflammation. Moreover, the gut microbiota of these mice had an increased abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. This bacterial profile is reminiscent of that seen in human UC. The exacerbating effect of α‐MG on colitis may be associated with its adverse impact on the gut microbiota. The potential for unintended effects of mangosteen products on gut health merits investigation.