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Investigation of colloidal stability and insulation characteristics of magnetic oils.

Superparamagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) particles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and the oleic acid-coated SPIO (OA-SPIO) was then obtained by a surface grafting procedure. A stock sample of magnetic oil (MO) with 1.6% particle volume fraction (VF) was obtained by dispersing the OA-SPIO in insulating naphthenic oil. The MO stock sample was diluted in the same naphthenic oil to yield MO with 0.1, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01% VF. Moreover, the 0.04% VF MO sample was manipulated to yield MO samples with water content of 26, 37, and 63 mg L(-1). The spinel structure of OA-SPIO was assessed by XRD and the average diameter of 8.3 nm was provided by TEM analysis. The saturation magnetization at room temperature (RT) was 70 emu/g and no remanence or coercivity was observed. The average hydrodynamic diameter (D(H)) of the colloidal particles suspended within the 0.04% VF MO sample was 58 nm. After aging for 30 days at RT no change was observed for the lowest water content MO sample (26 mg L(-1)). However, D(H) equals to 270 nm was observed for the highest water content MO sample (63 mg L(-1)). The MO samples with 26 mg L(-1) water content were found stable under heating at 90 degrees C for all VF investigated. We found the insulation resistance dropping significantly as VF and temperature increases. The lowest value found was 11 GOhms for the 0.1% VF at 60 degrees C, which is an acceptable value for MO.