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Bureaucratic and Strategic Human Resource Management: An Empirical Comparison in the Federal Government

Proposals to reform the highly regulated personnel system that governs the majority of federal employees are the focus of national debate. This study compares two contrasting personnel systems, authorized by titles 5 and 38 of the U. S. Code, presently used within the federal government. Title 5, which emphasizes uniformity and centralization, typifies the bureaucratic model of human resource management. Title 38, which is decentralized and gives more latitude to line managers, is representative of the strategic human resource management (SHRM) model. This study