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Fabrication and characterization of electrospun poly lactic-co-glycolic acid/zeolite nanocomposite scaffolds using bone tissue engineering

Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid/zeolite nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared with 17 (wt%) poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (75:25) and 3, 7, and 10 (wt%) nanocrystalline zeolite particles by electrospinning poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and nanocrystalline zeolite with an average diameter of crystals equal to 42 nm. The field-emission scanning electron microscope images confirmed that fibers had no beads. In vitro mineralization in the simulated body fluid revealed that the poly lactic-co-glycolic acid/zeolite nanoscaffolds had strong bioactivity behavior and apatite crystals were formed on the scaffolds. Mechanical properties were improved in the nanocomposite scaffolds compared to the poly lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold. Biodegradation of scaffolds was tested by being immersed and incubated in phosphate-buffered saline for 90 days, and the effect of zeolite on the degradation rate was also studied. The biological performance of nanoscaffolds and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid was assessed by in vitro culture of MG63 osteosarcoma cell line, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dimethiyltetrazolium-bromide assay, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. All types of scaffolds were cell compatible and could support cell proliferation. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid/zeolite (3 and 7 (wt%)) showed cell viability and proliferation since 1, 4, and 7 days after the implantation. The cell adherence to the scaffolds was also studied by scanning electron microscope images. The results showed that MG63 cells adhered to the nanocomposites. Besides, all the results illustrated that nanocomposite scaffold with 7 (wt%) zeolite is the most suitable scaffold for bone tissue engineering.