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Gregory King, Robert Malthus and the origins of English social realism.

This lecture in honor and memory of David Glass compares Gregory King (1648-1712) and Robert Malthus (1766-1834) in their ability to penetrate social opacity the resistance of all social structure to objective analysis by their contemporaries. The author calls King the 1st person to have recognized the issue to have set out to penetrate it and to have written an objective systematic account of the social structure of his day. His attitude was that of Gregorian realism. Malthu reminiscent of the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes was equally realistic but worked in a much different more theoretical mode. His attitude is called Malthusian realism. The author insists that an understanding of both Gregorian and Malthusian realism are essential to all social scientists especially demographers. Finally before asserting that David Glass was a Gregorian the author shows Tom Paine in the Rights of Man (1790) to have originated the notion of deliberate redistributive transfers from the propertied to the poor by means of the national taxation system. (authors modified)