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Synthesis and optimization of microwave-assisted exfoliated functionalized graphene as an efficient catalyst in biodiesel production

Abstract In this study, the capability of functionalized graphene was investigated as heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from vegetable oil. Graphene oxide was fabricated from graphite via carrier improved method, and its exfoliation was carried out by microwave radiation. The exfoliated sample was reduced and sulfonated, being analyzed by Fourier transform Infrared, Scanning Microscopy Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction and element mapping. The catalyst was employed in biodiesel production reaction and effective reaction parameters were studied. The optimized reaction temperature, time and catalyst percentage were 178 °C, 3 h and 1.9% respectively. It was observed that modified graphene, due to its high surface area and presence of sulfonic acid functional groups, is a suitable catalyst with reasonable capability providing a 98% synthesis yield, also in the present study it was prepared from graphite which is a very cheap material.