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Factors Affecting Inpatient Mortality and Length of Stay in Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of opioid use and other factors on inpatient length of stay (LOS) and mortality among patients hospitalized with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer (NMCRC). Materials and Methods: We analyzed discharge encounters collected from the 2016 to 2017 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to evaluate the effect of long-term opioid use (90 d or longer) and cancer-related complications on LOS and mortality among hospitalized patients with NMCRC. Results: A total of 94,535 patients with NMCRC were included in the analysis. Long-term opioid users had a shorter average LOS and reduced inpatient mortality as compared with nonopioid users (5.97±5.75 vs. 6.66±6.92 d, P<0.01; and adjusted odds ratio=0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.56-0.93, respectively). Factors that significantly increased both LOS and mortality included infection, venous thromboembolism, and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia; the average LOS was 2.7, 2.6, and 0.7 days longer, and the adjusted odds ratio for risk of inpatient mortality was 3.7, 1.2, and 1.2, respectively (P<0.05), for patients admitted with these cancer-related complications. Conclusions: Long-term opioid use is associated with decreased LOS and inpatient mortality among patients with NMCRC. Individuals admitted for cancer-related complications face a longer LOS and increased mortality as compared with those admitted without these morbidities.