{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.025333333333333333, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.258333333333334, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A Broadband S/SSTDR-VNA for Energized Circuits

We propose the use of the Spectral Time Domain Reflectometry (STDR) and Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry (SSTDR) methods as a substitute for a vector network analyzer (VNA) to extract complex impedance and S-parameters. S/SSTDR can be used on energized systems, opening up opportunities for new test capabilities of real time measurements on functioning systems from near-DC through higher frequencies. This test modality also opens up the opportunity to test multiple channels simultaneously by using multiple uncorrelated PN codes. This could prove useful in applications such as medical imaging (MRI or microwave imaging), where scans between many antennas are combined to create the image.