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Exercise training effects on aortic gene and protein expression

Exercise inhibits atherosclerosis in animal models, but the mechanisms by which it does so are unclear. We conducted an exercise training intervention in C57L/J mice to investigate whether exercise induces atheroprotective changes in gene and/or protein expression in the aorta. At 8 weeks of age, 30 mice were placed on an atherogenic diet and randomly assigned to a sedentary (SED) or exercise (EX) group. Mice in the EX group ran on a treadmill 5 days/week for 45 minutes for 3 months, while SED mice remained in their cages. RNA from pooled aorta samples (n = 4/group) were used in a microarray analysis (Affymetrix, Inc.) to measure differences in aortic gene expression between the groups. Additionally, aortic lysates from four mice/group were pooled and used to measure the expression of 96 atherosclerosis‐related proteins using a commercially available antibody array (Ray Biotech, Inc.). The microarray analysis identified 577 genes that were up or down‐regulated at least 2‐fold in aortas from the EX mice, including dozens associated with inflammation, oxidation, cell adhesion, and vascular function. The cytokine array also identified 13 atherosclerosis‐related proteins whose expression was up or down at least 2‐fold in aortas from the EX mice. These exercise‐induced changes in gene and protein expression provide insight into potential mechanisms by which exercise may inhibit atherosclerosis.