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The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products (Ages) and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy

4 Abstract: This work aimed to investigate the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study included 60 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (30 diabetics with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, NPDR and 30 diabetics with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, PDR) compared to 20 healthy age- matched control subjects. Plasma AGEs levels were assayed by ELISA Oxidative stress levels in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) along with antioxidant defences as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in diabetic and control subjects. Results revealed that the plasma levels of AGEs, MDA and GPx were significantly higher in all diabetic patients compared to controls. Also, AGEs and MDA levels were significantly higher in patients with PDR compared to NPDR patients. On the other hand, there were significant decreases in TAC, GSH and SOD activities in both the NPDR and PDR diabetic patients compared to control subjects. Conclusion: this study clearly demonstrated increased association of AGEs with the severity of DR. Thus; it could be used as a prognostic tool to predict the development and progression of DR. In addition, the study detected increased lipid peroxidation products along with impaired antioxidant status in patients with diabetic retinopathy which may contribute to the progression of DR.