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Diurnal variation in the metabolism of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine in humans.

The routes of metabolism of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine in humans are dependent on the time of dosing. Administration of 750 mg of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (Day 1) during the day at 8:00 AM followed by a 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM urine collection revealed that S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine S-oxide was the major urinary metabolite produced. The 4:00 PM to midnight urine collection resulted in S-(carboxymethylthio)-L-cysteine being identified as the major urinary metabolite. However, the administration of 750 mg of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (day 15) during the night at midnight and analysis of the midnight to 8:00 AM urine collection found that thiodiglycolic acid was the major urinary metabolite, whereas thiodiglycolic S-oxide was identified as the major urinary metabolite in the 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM urine collection. A diurnal variation in the metabolism of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine was seen and, in particular, the timing of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine administration had a profound effect on the identity of urinary S-oxide metabolites produced. After administration at 8:00 AM the urinary S-oxides produced were S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine S-oxide and S-methyl-L-cysteine S-oxide but at midnight the major urinary S-oxide metabolite produced was thiodiglycolic acid S-oxide.