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Identification and Management of Gynecology Patients With Hereditary Cancer Syndromes

Approximately 10% of ovarian cancers and 5% of endometrial cancers arise in the setting of an inherited cancer syndrome.At this time, two defined hereditary cancer syndromes increase the risk of gynecologic malignancy. The Breast-ovarian cancer syndrome is characterized by an inherited mutation in either BRCA1 or BRCA2, whereas Lynch syndrome II/hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) results from a mutation in one of a number of mismatch repair genes. Obstetricians and gynecologists have an important role in identifying at-risk patients for these cancer syndromes by obtaining a family history, as genetic risk assessment allows for screening and prevention strategies that decrease the morbidity and mortality of these hereditary processes.