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Password policies of most top websites fail to follow best practices

We examined the policies of 120 of the most popular websites for when a user creates a new password for their account. Despite well-established advice that has emerged from the research community, we found that only 13% of websites followed all relevant best practices in their password policies. Speciﬁcally, 75% of websites do not stop users from choosing the most common passwords—like “ abc123456 ” and “ P@$$w0rd ”, while 45% burden users by requiring speciﬁc character classes in their passwords for minimal security beneﬁt. We found low adoption of password strength meters—a widely touted intervention to encourage stronger passwords, appearing on only 19% of websites. Even among those sites, we found nearly half misusing them to steer users to include certain character classes, and not for their intended purpose of encouraging freely-constructed strong passwords.