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The case for funding agricultural research.

Major and continuing gains are being made in the productivity of US agriculture and that in other countries. Many of these gains in productivity are based on new technology and the application of fundamental knowledge. These advances are improving the quality of life of many people. There is considerable evidence from economic studies in the United States that agricultural research has made major contributions to the improvement of productivity (reviewed by Fuglie and Heisey, 2007). Thus, it is clear that there has been a high “payoff from government investment in agricultural research” (Fuglie and Heisey, 2007). Moreover, there is marked spillover of the benefits of agricultural research across states boundaries (McCunn and Huffman, 2000). There are strong reasons to grow agricultural research. The recommended increase should be a balance of funding federal laboratories such as the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS), the availability of federal formula funds, funding for the states, federal competitive grants and in particular the National Research Initiative (NRI), congressional “earmarks” to address specific problems, issues, and challenges, and funding from industry and foundations to support specific projects and for endowments for research and extension centers, departments, chairs, and fellowships. Funding needs to address support for the following: