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Analysis and experimental research on air gap characteristics of permanent magnet low‐resistance belt conveyor

Normal belt conveyors transfer materials by utilising the friction force between driving rollers and the conveyor, resulting in sag resistance and friction. In order to overcome this shortcoming, this study presents a new permanent magnet low resistance belt conveyor, which is used to replace the original mechanical contact with the permanent magnetic support system. The simplified mechanical three-dimensional model of its permanent magnet support system was established. The mathematical expressions of suspension force, reluctance force and lateral force were deduced with Maxwell equations based on reasonable assumptions. The approximate relationship among air gap length, magnetic flux density and magnetic force was derived from the analysis of air gap characteristics of the permanent magnet support system and the finite-element simulation of the permanent magnet support system under different air gap conditions. A self-designed test device of the permanent magnet low-resistance belt conveyor was used to apply different sets of loads and carry out the experimental research on the permanent magnet support system under different air gap lengths, so as to obtain the pressure distribution of the magnetic conveyor belt. The findings provide theoretical references for further research on the permanent magnet low-resistance belt conveyor.