{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03382838283828383, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007425742574257425, 'mean_word_length': 5.664835164835165, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
IR microfluidics for in situ sensing of molecular interfaces

Recent developments in infrared (IR) microfluidics for sensitive monitoring of molecular adsorption at solid–liquid interfaces are briefly reviewed. A microfluidic platform is presented that uses a metallic island film for surface enhanced IR absorption (SEIRA) coupled to IR spectroscopies for bio-sensing and vibrational investigations of molecular monolayers and their adsorption kinetics. Exemplarily, IR spectral monitoring of the monolayer formation of 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (4-MBN) in liquid environment is discussed as a Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption isotherms of specific molecular vibrations are analyzed from the time-dependent evolution of band amplitudes and peak areas during adsorption. Given the detection limit of 0.03 nmol/cm2 , the isotherms of 4-MBN, gluthathione (GSH) monolayer formation, and the sensing of 4-nitrobenzylmercaptan (4-NBM) by the MP/graphene surface are compared. Potential applications are bio- and bio-medical sensing as well as the study of processes, e. g., enzymatic reactions, chemical or catalytic reactions, receptor–ligand interactions, and structural changes of molecules due to environmental stimuli.