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Environmentally Friendly Fabrication of Surface‐Modified MWNT‐Supported Pt Nanocomposites for PEMFCs

The functionalisation process of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is required as a primary step in fabricating CNTs‐supported composites. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were treated under N2 atmospheric pressure plasma in order to functionalise their sidewalls with nitrogen‐containing and other functional groups. The surface‐treated MWNTs with –NO, –NH2 and other functional groups grafted on their sidewalls were analysed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, a certain amount of structural disorder generated by the continuous decoration of functional groups on the MWNT sidewalls was investigated by Raman spectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functional groups introduced by N2 atmospheric pressure plasma were used as the chemical reaction sites for fabricating the Pt/MWNT nanocomposites. The deposition manner of Pt nanoparticles from their precursor ions (PtCl2–6) was positively correlated with the proportion of the surface functional groups. The plasma‐treated MWNT‐supported platinum catalysts exhibited higher electrochemical activity for hydrogen adsorption/desorption and methanol oxidation than did the catalysts prepared with MWNTs treated by HNO3/H2SO4. These results were due to the uniformly deposited Pt nanoparticles on the MWNTs caused by the strong interactions between the Pt precursors and the functional groups formed by N2 atmospheric pressure plasma.