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Caught Between Character and Race: ‘Temperament’ in Kant’s Lectures on Anthropology

Abstract Focusing on Immanuel Kant’s lectures on anthropology, the essay endeavours to address long-standing concerns regarding both the relationship between these empirical investigations and Kant’s better-known universalism, and more pressingly, between Kant’s own racism on display in the lectures, and his simultaneous promotion of a universal moral theory that would unhesitatingly condemn such attitudes.