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Origin and significance of membrane asymmetry in yeast

Most plasma membranes display asymmetric lipid distributions with the aminophospholipids concentrated in the cytosolic leaflet. This arrangement is critical for cell survival in multicellular organisms but it's purpose for the functioning of individual cells is unclear. A general view is that membrane asymmetry is created by aminophospholipid translocases (APLTs) that use ATP hydrolysis to flip PS and PE from the external to the cytosolic leaflet. The identity of APLTs is not known but prime candidates are members of the P4 subfamily of P‐type ATPases. A systematic analysis of these proteins in budding yeast revealed that: