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Effects of Gas Phase Density on Effervescent Atomization

For scaling considerations in the development of future effervescent nozzle prototypes, the challenge is to minimize the dissimilitudes between the real, i.e. hot, operation of the nozzle and the laboratory, i.e. cold flow spray tests. In commercial or hot pilot plant operation of the nozzles, steam is used to atomize bitumen at 350 o C. In cold flow spray tests, air is usually used to atomize water at ambient temperatures, ~20 o C. To overcome this dissimilitude, this study was attempted to compare two different gas densities (air and mixed gas of 81.4 % helium/18.6 % nitrogen) at equivalent operating temperatures. Experiments conducted in a nozzle sized to one quarter of the commercial scale using the Dantec 2-D fibre mode Phase-Doppler-Particle-Anemometer, and high speed visualization show no appreciable variation of droplet Sauter Mean Diameter (Dd or D32) in the spray and pressure gradient (dp/dx) in the upstream two-phase flow for the two ranges of gas density investigated in this study. This study will be a milestone toward energy-efficient technology development for multiphase scaling that would be of very significant value to industries and to the scientific community in general.