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Viral-bacterial synergism in the bovine respiratory disease complex

Calves were challenge-exposed in separate experiments with parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus. Blood neutrophils were assayed for functional activity every other day for at least three weeks by random migration, Staphylococcus aureus ingestion, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cytochrome-c reduction, iodination, and native chemiluminescence. Exposure to PI-3 virus resulted in a brief febrile response and no other clinical signs. No alterations in total or differential WBC were detected. Chemiluminescence and iodination activities were reduced from activities before exposure. Exposure to IBR virus resulted in mild clinical signs and a f ebrile response of several days' duration. Total WBC and mononuclear cell counts were reduced. Random migration was reduced, whereas S aureus ingestion was enhanced. We concluded that infection of calves with IBR virus and PI-3 virus might directly or indirectly result in alterations of neutrophil function. The functional alterations are apparently different for each virus. These virus-induced alterations in neutrophil function might predispose calves to secondary bacterial pneumonia.