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Enlisting Citizens in the Military Mobilization of the Nationalist State

Xu discusses how conscription laws, army textbooks, and the New Life Movement propaganda helped the Chinese Nationalist state construct the soldier figure in the 1930s. These supplementary materials aided in configuring the citizenship ideal the Nationalist Party envisioned of their soldiers at Whampoa. In addition, literacy education was pivotal to morality and virtue, and thus was implemented into programs for the soldiers in order to educate the young individuals who previously had not been or were poorly taught. Despite these attempts, much of society did not respect and attempt to emulate these soldiers because of their social status and the fact that they still had few rights.