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Density-Independent Population Growth

Population growth rate depends on the difference between birth and death rates. The simplest population models assume that these rates are constant and do not depend on population size or density. Nor do they consider the size or age of the individuals in the population. These models predict exponential growth or decline depending on the balance between birth and death rates. Aquatic organisms of different life stages and ages typically have different survival rates and produce different numbers of offspring; therefore, depending on the objectives of the analysis, it may be necessary to structure population models by age, size, or life-history stage to capture this essential feature. Population models are typically cast in either continuous time using differential equations or in discrete time using difference equations. The former may be more appropriate in ‘constant’ environments while the latter may be better suited for application in seasonal environments.