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Th1 and Th2 immunological profile induced by cysteine proteinase in murine leishmaniasis

This study evaluated the immune response to three synthetic peptides (pI, VMVEQVICFD; pII, VGGGLCFE; pIII, PYFLGSIMNTCHYT) from the COOH‐terminal region of Leishmania amazonensis cysteine proteinases, in BALB/c‐ and CBA‐infected mice with this parasite. Only BALB/c mice, previously inoculated with pI, showed a distinct exacerbation of the lesion. Blastogenesis assays were performed with lymph node cells from the group of mice infected with L. amazonensis, but not inoculated with the peptides, and we detected lymphoproliferative responses in BALB/c and CBA mice with a 5·0×and 2·5×stimulation index, respectively. Cell phenotypes were evaluated and in both mouse strains CD8+cells proliferated more extensively than CD4+cells. INF‐γ and nitric oxide were detected only in supernatants obtained from CBA mouse lymph node cell cultures, whereas IL‐4 was detected in supernatant cultures from both strains of mice. Our results indicate a preferential stimulation of CD8+T‐cell subsets by the pI cysteine proteinase peptide and the induction of both Th1 and Th2 phenotypes during L. amazonensis infections in both BALB/c and CBA mice. We suggest that the pI peptide from the COOH‐terminal region of the cysteine proteinase induces immune responses different from those elicited by the whole molecule.