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Measuring with endoscopes

Endoscopy has been widely applied for visual inspection in difficult to access environments. In the medical field, endoscopy is not only the method of diagnosis but also the method of treatment. In regular endoscopy there are some fundamental limitations that can affect the proper diagnosis or treatment. When a three-dimensional object is imaged by means of an endoscope, only a two-dimensional display is possible. So, the endoscopic image does not provide any quantitative information about the size of objects. In modern diagnostics, however, it can be necessary to know the size and the shape of objects or to perform some deformation analysis. The optical methods for reconstructing the 3-D object shape from a 2-D endoscopic image are described and illustrated with some examples.