{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.037056643726839596, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004764425622022234, 'mean_word_length': 5.585365853658536, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The Effect of Pueraria lobata/Rehmannia glutinosa on Improvement of Insulin Resistance and Lipid Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats

Menopause is a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease because estrogen deficiency has injurious effect on cardiovascular function and metabolism. Currently, there is an increasing requirement to develop strategies for improving estrogen deficiency‐induced cardiometabolic risks through non‐pharmacological interventions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a combination supplement of Pueraria Lobata/Rehmannia Glutinosa (PR) on the improvement of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in an estrogen‐deprived animal model. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomized into five groups: SC, sham operation + low‐fat diet (LFD); OC, ovariectomy (OVX) + LFD; OH, OVX + high‐fat diet (HFD); OHP, OVX + HFD + PR (400 mg/kg body weight); and OHS, OVX + HFD + estradiol (0.6 mg/kg body weight). Indices related to insulin resistance and lipid metabolism were determined in the blood, liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Furthermore, 1H‐NMR metabolites were measured in plasma and urine. The OVX resulted in an insulin‐resistant condition compared to the sham control, which was further aggravated by a HFD feeding. The PR supplementation significantly improved insulin responsiveness in adipose tissue, muscle, and the liver, leading to a restoration of metabolic flexibility. Adipose tissue became smaller, had more GLUT4 protein in membrane, less macrophage infiltration and higher hormone‐sensitive lipase mRNA expression. In addition, 1H NMR data revealed that carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms were influenced by PR in OVX rats. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that PR supplement has a potential to relieve insulin resistance and its related metabolic defects in postmenopausal women.