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Gender differences in parasympathetic reactivation during recovery from Wingate anaerobic test

Parasympathetic reactivation from a 30-s Wingate anaerobic test was investigated in 16 male and 15 female volunteers. Heart rate recovery was assessed as the difference between peak exercise heart rate and the heart rate recorded following 60 seconds of recovery (HRR60). The time constant of the first 30 s post-exercise HR (T30) was determined as a negative reciprocal of the slope of the regression line. Time constant decay (T) was obtained by fitting the 5 minute post-exercise HRR into a first-order exponential curve. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used to describe changes in autonomic cardiac regulation. Post exercise heart rate recovery was faster in male participants, demonstrated through HRR60 (29.5±8.9 vs. 23.4±9.8 seconds respectively) and T30 (292.4±88.7 vs. 409.2±138.3 seconds respectively), but the time constant decay of heart rate (T) did not differ between the two genders. The time course of RMSSD30 recovery was impaired immediately after exercise. None of the observed vagal HRV indices have restored after five minutes of recovery following the 30-s exercise, but the post-exercise lnHF2-5min was significantly smaller in females (3.3±0.9 ms2 in males vs. 2.5±1.0 ms2 in females). The immediate HRR and parasympathetic reactivation was affected by gender and was attenuated in female participants.