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Antibodies to liposomes, phospholipids, and cholesterol: implications for autoimmunity, atherosclerosis, and aging.

Abstract : It is often stated that lipids are are nonimmunogenic; however, this idea is now known to be a false presumption. Polyclonal antibodies having considerable specificity for individual phospholipid constituents of liposomes have now also been developed (Wassef et al., 1989; Banerji and Alving, 1989). After developing immunoassay procedures (complement-dependent assays and solid- phase immunosorbent assays) for detecting antibodies to lipids, we and others discovered that naturally-occurring autoantibodies to various phospholipids are widespread and occur in most adult animal or human sera.