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Specific Words and Experience Matter to Surrogates When Making End of Life Decisions

ABSTRACT This grant funded preliminary study investigated the relationship between end-of-life terminologies and decisional conflict in surrogate decision makers using a convenience sample of 234 adults aged 50 and older. Participants were randomized into two groups; each received a survey packet that varied only in the use of the words “Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)” and “Allow Natural Death (AND).” The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) was administered and demographic data were collected. No difference was found in the total DCS scores based on the AND and DNR versions. However, AND respondents perceived their decision as a good decision and were eight times more likely to sign the document than DNR participants. Experienced decision-makers evolved as a discrete group. They had lower mean total DCS scores and lower mean subscores, indicating that prior experience is an important aspect of end-of-life decision-making. Experienced AND participants were more likely to perceive their decision as good and were more likely to be sure of their decision, indicating that they respond more favorably to the words Allow Natural Death. Respondents to the DNR version were likely to not sign or postpone signing. Those who frequently attended religious services were twice as likely as those who rarely attend religious services of implementing their decision; whether the decision is to sign or not to sign the AND or DNR. Finally, participants were more likely to withdraw from the study when the term DNR was used. Recommendations for future research are presented.