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Determination of the Biodetoxification Potentials of Lactobacillus Brevis on Aflatoxin M1 from Fresh Raw Cow Milk within Zaria Metropolis

Background: The negative impacts of Aflatoxins on the economy and health led to investigations for strategies to prevent their contamination in food and feed. Biological methods gained popularity due to its friendliness to both environment and body health. Aim: The aim of this research work is to determine the bio-detoxification potentials of Lactobacillus brevis on Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from fresh raw cow milk. Methodology: L. brevis was isolated from locally fermented cow milk, the isolates were identified using cultural, morphological, physiological, biochemical and sugar fermentation test. Nine (9) samples were collected from three (3) different sampling sites within Zaria metropolis namely; Dan-Magaji, Kufena and Gabari, three (3) samples each from the sampling sites. The samples were screened for AFM1 contamination using a rapid test kit specific for milk samples (Ring Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Art no.:100004-96T). AFM1 contaminated samples were subjected to HPLC analysis to determine the extent of contamination. Surface binding assay and HPLC analysis were used to quantify the amount of unbound AFM1 in the samples, LAB-AFM1 complex stability testing and recovery of bound AFM1 were also conducted. The result were analysed using ‘ANOVA’ single factor, 2 way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results: L. brevis was isolated from locally fermented cow milk. All the samples collected were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 at varying concentrations, Lactobacillus brevis isolates were able to bind AFM1 at a range of 36-69%, LAB-AFM1 complex stability was about 63% and 68% of the bound AFM1 was recovered. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this research that lactic acid bacteria can be a good option for reducing the level of AFM1 contamination from milk samples as they are harmless and generally recognized as safe for human consumption.