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Bituminous Coals from Svalbard and Ne Greenland - Biomarkers Hint at a Closely Related Palaeosetting During the Palaeogene

During times of the Palaeogene (Palaeocene/Eocene) swamps and forests covered large areas of the high Arctic and this extraordinary amount of biomass developed at latitudes not much different from today (i.e., facing several months of seasonal darkness). Geological records of these outstanding terrestrial ecosystems are represented by accumulation of coal-bearing deposits. Today’s land masses of Svalbard and NE Greenland were still connected until the opening of the NE Atlantic separated both areas in the Eocene and further rifting moved Svalbard towards its recent position (e.g., Blythe & Kleinspehn, 1998). Before this break-up, a flexural depression formed on Svalbard in front of the West Spitsbergen Fold and Thrust Belt (Bruhn & Steel, 2003). The infill of this Central Tertiary Basin (CTB) comprises different types of clastic sediments, including the aforementioned coals. On the Greenland-side a comparable coal-bearing setting of similar age developed (Lyck & Stemmerik, 2000), but so far no detailed geochemical and biomarker data of the coals existed.