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Relationship between Environmental, Social and Governance Factors and Firm Financial Performance: A Study of Selected Indian FMCG Companies

The nature of the corporate environment requires a variety of practices to achieve competitive benefits. Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance of an organization is considered a key indicator for sustainable and long-term returns. Investors are increasingly looking into the ESG practices of companies while making their investment decisions, and companies are seeking new ways to showcase their ESG prowess to investors. Showcasing the ESG performance helps the companies to build the brand reputation. The market valuation of such companies can also increase with the rise in PE Ratio as the investor perception increases. The paper evaluates the connection between the ESG factors and economic factors of the top five FMCG firms based on their market capitalization. Regression models have been utilized to measure and establish the relationship between both factors. The research results show that improved ESG implementation helps increase the overall economic value of the organizations. The sub-factors E, S, and G show a positive relationship with the economic performance, which clearly outlines why the FMCG companies are now taking various environmental and social initiatives.