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Mach-Zehnder optical interferometric polarimeter using two reference beams with different heterodyne frequency

Optical heterodyne interferometry has been widely used in precision measurements. In this paper, we develop a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer for measurement of light polarization state in real time by using two heterodyne frequency reference beams. Two collinear linearly polarized reference beams with different frequency, ωp and ωs, interfere simultaneously with the measured beam with frequency ω0. The polarization directions of the two reference beams are perpendicular to each other. The light intensity of the interference fringe is monitored by a photodetector. The heterodyne signals, ωp and ωs - ω0, give the amplitudes and the phase difference of the orthogonal polarization components of the measured beam projected to the polarization directions of the reference beams. We analyze the beat frequency signals by Fourier and inverse Fourier transform and realize accurate measurement of polarization state experimentally.