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Phase Change Related microRNA Profiles in the Plant Regeneration Process of Avocado through Shoot-tip Culture

MicroRNAs are a group of non-coding, highly conserved, small RNAs of 21-22 nucleotides 
found in both animals and plants. They regulate plant development by cleavage of complimentary 
mRNAs or translational inhibition. Avocado is a high value crop, which can be benefited by tissue 
culture for propagation. It has been hypothesised that tissue culture process restores juvenility in 
physiologically mature explants. The current study examined this by profiling two microRNAs, 
miR156 and miR172, involved in juvenile-to-adult phase change. The study revealed that, both 
miR156 and miR172 are expressed at similar levels in cultured avocado shoot meristems. MicroRNAs 
levels were significantly increased during the shoot elongation stage. After the acclimatization, 
microRNAs relative expression levels were re-established to the level of explant material used. This 
may suggest that the maturity state of plants, as determined by miR156 and miR172 profile, remains 
unchanged in propagated plants rejecting the hypothesis.