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Intrapopulation variation of Siberian stone pine cones and seeds quality in spaced planting plots

For Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), a valuable nut-bearing species, the development of a system of selectively significant signs of crop quality is relevant, which is necessary for the introduction of this species into culture. Were studied the level and nature of variability in the quality of cones and seeds in 32 trees on a 42-year-old plantation with sparse planting trees of 8×8 m (south of the Tomsk region). The used system of traits reflects the sequence of the crop formation process — from cone differentiation to seed ripening. We are establish that the maximum level of variability is observed in characters characterizing deviations in seed embryogenesis, leading to an increase in the proportion of underdeveloped, empty and incomplete seeds. The level of variability of traits caused by the influence of the mother plant is much lower on the features of the establishment, differentiation, and growth of cones (the number of scales and seeds). The signs characterizing the number of different elements of the cones have a normal distribution. Positive asymmetry and kurtosis are characteristic of the distributions of signs reflecting the level of abortion of the ovules at different stages of their development. As the final selection trait with a high level of intrapopulation variability, we are proposing to use the mass of full tree seeds per unit area of the horizontal projection of the crown. The use of this trait is promising for the search for trees combining a narrow crown with a large mass of seeds.