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Determining the Role of Annexin A6 in Cell Membrane Repair

All cells are susceptible to stress or contraction‐induced membrane damage; any disruption to the plasma membrane, if left unrepaired, leads to cytoplasmic efflux, ion influx, and ultimately cell death. To maintain homeostasis, cells utilize a highly‐conserved, calcium‐dependent repair system that comprises multiple players that dispatch two fundamental operations: resealing of the plasma membrane and repair of the cortical cytoskeleton. Without an efficient repair system, human diseases like muscular dystrophy, diabetic myopathy, and acute lung damage result. To develop therapies to treat repair‐deficient pathologies, we are interested in identifying promoters of cell membrane repair. Due to their calcium‐dependent, lipid‐binding activity, the annexins have long attracted attention as potential participants in the repair response. Because the annexin isoform A6 has been genetically linked to muscular dystrophy, we predicted that annexin A6 plays an active role in the repair response and is a viable therapeutic target. To test whether annexin A6 promotes membrane repair, we investigated A6 function in a Xenopus laevis oocyte model of membrane repair. Specifically, we injected recombinant annexin A6 proteins into oocytes, generated a laser‐induced wound, and either measured protein efflux as a readout on repair or monitored A6 dynamic localization and behavior microscopically.