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Literature, Nationalism, and the Challenge of Representation

In an age that is coming to terms with the flawed record of legislatures and political system in representing minorities or marginalized populations, theorists are paying more attention than ever to questions of representational reform. The challenge facing contemporary democracies is to re-write their representational order by creating new forms, new styles of politics, in the hope that they might better express the experiences of increasingly heterogeneous populations. Among the groups calling for increased representation or self-determination are, of course, national minorities, and their demands raise pressing issues for multicultural or multinational unions. For national groups, however, the struggle for representation is waged on two frontsone political, one cultural. Preserving cultural resources proves central to the nationalist effort. Because a national minority that lacks resources for articulating itself as a cultural group will generally also find itself handicapped when it comes to expressing and then advancing claims to enhanced political representation. If securing enhanced representation involves not just a political effort but also a cultural one, there may be instructive parallels between the two arenas. Yet despite occasionally making common cause under the banner of nationalism there has traditionally been a certain antagonism between the poetic arts and the political ones. Plato, for instance, opts to banish the poets from the just city in order that the "sweetened muse" should not displace law and