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Voltammetric Determination of Vanillin in Commercial Food Products Using Electrochemically Fabricated Graphene Oxide Modified Electrode

Determination of vanillin, which is used increasingly common in the food, beverage, and drug industry, is important for human health. Therefore; it is essential to determine the amount of vanillin using a fast, simple and reliable method. In this study; an electrode modified with graphene oxide prepared in one-step, in a one-pot, with an environmentally friendly method, was prepared and used for the electrochemical determination of vanillin (VAN), as flavoring. The electrochemically fabricated graphene oxide electrode (EGO/GE) was prepared by electrochemically producing the graphene oxide structure on the graphite electrode surface. The characterization of the prepared EGO/GE was performed using techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy and it was concluded that the proposed EGO/GE material was successfully prepared. While the investigation of the electrochemical behavior of the VAN was performed by the cyclic voltammetry, the differential pulse voltammetry method was used for the voltammetric determination. It was determined that EGO/GE, is used in the electrochemical determination of VAN, exhibits high electrocatalytic performance, a wide linear range (0.1-1000 µM), and a low detection limit (0.05 µM) compared to unmodified GE. The selectivity of the prepared sensor was studied in the presence of ions and organic substances. The sensor (EGO/GE) was used for VAN detection in ice-cream, coffee, and cookie samples and high recovery values were obtained. As a result of the stability and reproducibility studies carried out for the sensor, it has been observed that it is quite stable and suitable for reproduction.