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Molecular Biology of Growth Hormone

The human growth hormone (hGH) and chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) gene family consists of five very similar genes aligned in the same transcriptional orientation over a distance of 55 kb on the long arm of chromosome 17 (Fig. 1) (1, 2). In 5'-3' order, the genes are hGH-N, hCS-L, hCS-A, hGH-V and hCS-B. The complete base sequence of this cluster has been determined. The hGH-N gene is expressed by somatotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary, and the others are expressed by fetal syncytiotrophoblastic cells in the placenta. This review will focus on four topics concerning the molecular biology of the growth hormone (GH) gene family. They are: the structure of the hGH and hCS genes the production of unfamiliar hormones deletions of the hGH and hCS genes implications for understanding of disease states and normal variation.