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Power-law behavior applies to a wide variety of genomic properties

AUTHOR: abstract slightly shortened it needs to be 250 words or less] Background: The sequencing of genomes provides us with an inventory of the 'molecular parts' in nature, such as protein families and folds, and their functions within living organisms. Through the analysis of such inventories, it has been shown that different genomes have very different usage of parts; for example, the common folds in worm proteins are very different from those in Escherichia coli. Results: Despite these differences, we find that the genomic occurrence of generalized parts follows a well-known mathematical framework called the power law, with a few parts occurring many times and most occurring only a few times. We find this observation to be true in a wide variety of genomic contexts. Earlier studies found power laws in a number of specific cases, such as the occurrence of protein families. We find many further cases of power-law behavior, for example in pseudogenes and gene-expression levels. We show comprehensively that power-law behavior applies across many different genomes, for many different types of parts (DNA words, InterPro families, protein folds, pseudogene families and pseudomotifs), and for the many disparate attributes associated with these parts (their functions, interactions and expression levels). Conclusions: Power-law behavior provides a concise mathematical description of an important biological feature: the sheer dominance of a few members over the overall population. We present this behavior in a unified framework and propose that all these