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Feeding of casein diets supplemented with blueberry or grape powder during development alters hepatic phase I and II metabolism in Sprague Dawley rats.

Fruits rich in anthocyanin pigments have been suggested to have beneficial health properties including anti‐cancer and cardioprotective effects. In the current study, Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed casein‐based AIN‐93G diets from GED4 to PND50 with or without supplementation with 2.5, 5 or 10% lyophilized powdered blueberries or concord grapes, fruits with differing anthocyanin profiles. At sacrifice, liver microsomes and cytosol were prepared and assayed for activity and expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in phase I metabolism of endogenous steroids and xenobiotics and the phase II enzymes GST alpha and NADPH quinine reductase (QR). Feeding blueberries resulted in decreased testosterone 2 alpha‐, 16 alpha‐ and 6 beta‐hydroxylase activities in male rats (p < 0.05). The latter was accompanied by reduced expression of CYP3A apoprotein expression (p < 0.05). In addition, blueberry feeding reduced expression of CYP2E1 apoprotein (p < 0.05) in both male and female rats. No consistent effects on activity or expression of these cytochrome P450s was observed in grape‐fed rats. In contrast, GST alpha and QR activities were increased by both blueberry and grape feeding (p < 0.05) but grape was the more potent inducer. These data suggest that feeding berries with differing anthocyanidin profiles can alter hepatic phase I and II metabolism in a specific fashion.