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Genetics of Phage Lysis.

We have been witnessing an increased interest in bacteriophage studies focused on their use as antibacterial agents to fight pathogenic bacteria. This interest is a consequence of the phages' ability to lyse a bacterial host. Until recently, little was known about the mechanisms used by mycobacteriophages to induce lysis of their complex hosts. However, studies on Ms6-induced lysis have changed this scenario and provided new insights into the mechanisms of bacteriophage-induced lysis. Specific lysis protein genes have been identified in mycobacteriophage genomes, reflecting the particular mycobacterial cell envelope composition. These include enzymes that target mycolic acid-containing lipids and proteins that participate in the secretion of the phage endolysin, functioning as chaperone-like proteins. This chapter focuses on the current knowledge of mycobacteriophage-induced lysis, starting with an overview of phage lysis and basic features of the lysis players.