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September 2017 Solar Flare Event: Rapid Heating of the Martian Neutral Upper Atmosphere From the X‐Class Flare as Observed by MAVEN

On 10 September 2017, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission observed a particularly strong X‐class flare. This paper will focus on observations made by Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) and the flare response detected by extreme ultraviolet monitor. We focus the data to the region of the upper atmosphere from 160 to 300 km and to 10 orbits before and after the flare. The flare peaked near 16:12 UTC with the closest periapsis pass from 17:30 to 17:54 UTC (Lee et al., , https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079162). NGIMS measured a significant enhancement in the neutral densities above 195 km for the flare. This enhancement stands out for the major species measured by NGIMS (Ar, CO2, CO, O, and N2). The correlation of the flare and the enhancement in density and temperature in the upper atmosphere indicates that solar flare heating is most likely the main driver and has important implications for the effects of space weather events on terrestrial atmospheres.