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Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) in the control of bone metabolism

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand‐activated nuclear transcription factors that regulate the storage and catabolism of dietary fats. PPARs constitute molecular targets for the treatment of human metabolic disorders, and also play a crucial role in inflammatory‐related disease and cancer. Recent evidence has revealed the presence of three different PPAR isotypes (α, β/δ, and γ) in different cells of the bone tissue, as well as the possible role of PPAR ligands in bone turnover. In the present review, the latest knowledge of the expression of PPARs in bone tissue and the diverse effects of PPAR ligands on bone metabolism is summarized. PPARs, especially of the γ isotype, could be targets for the treatment of diverse bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopenia related to either diabetes or aging.