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A comparative study of prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among infertile and fertile women at a tertiary care center

Background and Aim: Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium causing sexually transmitted infection leading to urogenital infections which are asymptomatic. If untreated, leads to complications such as chronic pelvic pain, inflammation, and occlusion of the fallopian tubes, resulting in infertility and ectopic pregnancy. The association is found between C. trachomatis infection and female infertility with a prevalence rate of 15%–30%. The aim was to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in women with infertility. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of patients presenting with or without infertility. Group A (75 cases) cases with infertility with or without symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease. Group B (75 cases) with no infertility matching age, symptoms with Group A. After history, physical examination cervical swab for chlamydial antigen and serology sample was taken and processed. Positive cases were followed by hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy. Results: Out of 150 patients, 14 were positive for chlamydia in cases and 4 in the control group. Chlamydial prevalence was four times more in cases as compared to the control group, which is significant. The mean age was 27.97 + 4.520 years. Out of 14 positive cases, 8 (57.14%) had symptoms, whereas 6 (42.85%) were asymptomatic; in controls, 2 were symptomatic, whereas 2 were asymptomatic. HSG and laparoscopy were positive in chlamydia positive cases. Conclusion: It can be presumed that there is a significant role of C. trachomatis in infertility and also there is an association between chlamydia antigen detection and tubal factor infertility.