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Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study of P1, protamine localization in human testis

Summary. Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against human protamine P1 were realized. Anti‐P1 specificity was assessed by western‐blot and confirmed by elisa. Monoclonal antibody 97‐3 was selected. Protamine P1, was specifically demonstrated in human testis by immunoelectron microscopy, using 97‐3 MAb and an indirect post‐embedding immunogold technique. Our results clearly demonstrated the precise time of appearance of P1 protamine in the nuclei of human spermatids. P1, first appeared in the nucleus of step 5 spermatids and its concentration was increased in steps 6–8 spermatids, cytoplasm was not labelled.