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Dose‐Effect and Kinetic‐Dynamic Relationships of the (β-Adrenoceptor Blocking Properties of Various Doses of Talinolol in Healthy Humans

Twelve healthy subjects were investigated on six separate occasions at least 1 week apart when they either received a single oral dose of 80 mg propranolol; 25, 50, 100, or 400 mg talinolol; or placebo (double-blinded, period-balanced six-way cross-over design). The subjects were investigated during supine rest and performed supine bicycle ergometry 0200, 0500, 0730, 1000, and 2400 h after dosing. Isoprenaline (ISO) and epinephrine (EPI) were infused intravenously (i.v.) at a constant infusion rate of 1 microgram/min for 10 min, at 0315 and 0400 h after dosing, respectively. At various timepoints, blood was drawn for the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of the plasma concentrations of talinolol's enantiomers and for the ex vivo in vitro determination of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor binding and related concentrations by radioreceptor assay (RRA). Talinolol was confirmed to bind to beta-adrenoceptors with moderate affinity but to act as a highly selective and efficient beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist in terms of the relative degree and duration of its ergometric effects. At doses < or = 100 mg talinolol hardly altered the reduction of estimated vascular total peripheral resistance (TPR) in response to the intravenous infusion of ISO and EPI. Only at doses of 400 mg did talinolol more closely approximate the effects of propranolol, which lead to a loss of the vasodilatory actions of EPI ("EPI reversal"). On the average, there was a smoothly linear relationship between the ergometric treatment effects and log-transformed dose, the logtransformed concentrations of the S(-)-enantiomer measured by HPLC, and the RRA-derived estimated occupancies beta 1-adrenoceptors.