{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.018867924528301886, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.306930693069307, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effects of Time Delays on Observer-based Cyberattack Detection in Interactive Networked Control Systems

A rapid increase in cyberattacks such as a false data injection attack against networked control systems (NCSs) is a serious problem. In particular, the cyberattacks in interactive NCSs including a human operator may cause a hazardous situation involving human lives. The tamper detection observer (TDO) has been proposed to detect the false data injection attack in the interactive NCSs. This paper assesses the effects of the time-delay difference of redundant paths in the TDO scheme on the observer-based cyberattack detection.