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The analysis of ultra wideband wheel microstrip patch antenna using non-uniform photonic bandgap substrate structure

The characteristics of new ultra wideband (UWB) wheel microstrip patch antenna using non-uniform photonic bandgap (PBG) substrate structure has been analyzed using a full 3D electromagnetic field inside a structure based on the finite element method. The UWB technologies have been developed to exploit a substantially new spectrum resource and to realize ultra high-speed communication, high precision radar, and other sensing systems. The antenna has UWB approximately in range of 1 MHz to 20 GHz and its performance above 20 GHz is sensitive to the gap position in the ground plane. These gap positions enhance some modes and weaken others, which have been used to control the antenna bandwidths up to 31.4 %. The proposed antenna is constructed on ground plane of thickness 0.1 mm and FR-4 epoxy substrate of thickness 1.6 mm with relative permittivity 4.4. The radiation characteristics for the designed antenna such as return loss, input impedance, near field, radiation pattern and 3D-polar radiation pattern with respect to changes on the air gap position in the ground plane are obtained using numerical simulations.