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The Decreasing Utility of the Armed Forces: Society, State and War in the Post-Modern World

One of the enduring features of armed conflict is its continual evolution and adaption throughout human history. Often these changes reflect advances in capability and technology but they tend to be most profound when they involve attitudinal shifts in society’s perceptions of how war is waged. Napoleon is often credited with introducing the world to industrialised warfare; this was done not through a major technological leap but through changing the traditional concept of conflict and expanding its scale and scope to a degree not seen before in the European continent. Such developments led to such wars ravaging the world until the end of World War II Today, for the United Kingdom, it is recognised that much has changed since this time. We live in a time of startling change, inhabiting a country ‘both more secure and more vulnerable than in most of her long history’. Although the threat of major inter-state war has abated, possibly only temporarily, it is our openness and interconnectedness as a society to the rest of the world that makes us vulnerable. Previously our adversaries were usually well defined, allowing capabilities and resources to be allocated to combating their threats. However, in the current strategic environment such threats are diverse. Challenges to national security can arise from a variety of actors, rather than just other states, whose influence and attack methods are harder to foresee. UK citizens currently inhabit a rapidly changing world and this change is likely to stimulate considerable instability. In the coming decades countries will face