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A narrative review of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and immune thrombocytopenia: be aware, but reassured.

BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic gave rise to rapid development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using established and new technologies. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a bleeding disorder that has been associated with COVID-19 vaccine products that are currently in use. We reviewed the available evidence regarding the most commonly used vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in North America and Europe and their association with ITP. We found that population-based studies suggested a small increase in the incidence of ITP in persons receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine from Oxford-AstraZeneca, on the order of 6 cases per million doses administered. Severe bleeding was an even rarer event. Both messenger RNA-based and adenovirus-based vaccines have been associated with exacerbation of preexisting ITP in 6% to 20% of patients. ITP exacerbation is readily treatable with standard approaches when needed. Severe bleeding events are rare both in the general population and in persons with preexisting ITP, and overall, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. Further identification of persons at the highest risk for complications (including those with ITP, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, and myocarditis) and clear communication of both risks and benefits of immunization will continue to be paramount in the global campaign against COVID-19.