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Throughput optimization of unplanned wireless mesh networks deployment using partitioning hierarchical cluster (PHC)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs), which are capable of designing the next generation wireless networks, are a new trend in wireless communication. WMNs are expected to resolve limitations and improve the performance of wireless local area networks (WLANs), ad hoc networks and wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs). The wireless Internet access is mainly provided by expensive technology such as cellular networks like GSM or networks based on IEEE 802.16. Although wireless LANs like 802.11 are inexpensive, their coverage area is very limited. The WMNs based on IEEE 802.11 technology is characterized by self-configuration and self-healing to enable a quick deployment, easy maintenance, low cost, high scalability, and reliable service. WMNs are increasingly deployed at present to provide users with extended coverage for their wireless Internet access. These wireless mesh networks can be deployed by different authorities without any planning, and they may possibly overlap partially or completely with other networks in the same service area. However, the problem of radio resource contention among different networks could lead to serious performance degradation as more and more WMNs are deployed independently without planning. The planning and deployment of a large wireless mesh network in an urban area is complex and expensive. There are many design goals for which a network can be optimized in relation to design routing algorithms, channel assignments and scheduling packets. Recently, the IEEE 802.11s task group looked into the problem of ESS (Extended Service Set) mesh networking with the goal to extend the IEEE 802.11 MAC so as to resolve the interworking problem across the different wireless mesh networks through efficient protocol and path selection. At the network layer, the most important element is the design of new routing metrics which can provide high performance and network scalability. In addition, routing optimization in an unplanned WMN is concerned, i.e. WMN with arbitrary topology. Therefore, a new schema, known as Partitioning Hierarchical Cluster (PHC), was designed in this study to enhance the throughput of unplanned WMNs. PHC adopts Passive Clustering (PC) routing protocol so as to reduce control overhead and latency for packet delivery. Partitioning cluster algorithm was applied with the simplest routing metric hop count to partition WMN into domains. Here, each internet gateway node becomes head of domain while other nodes (mesh routers) are assigned to only one gateway with the minimum hop count. In addition, bridge nodes were utilized in the schema of the present study to allow interworking traffic between the different WMNs. For this purpose, a single radio single channel system was employed to give high probability of backoff and contentions among the neighbouring nodes. In this study, the simulator Qualnet was used to prove our schema. Based on the findings of the study, the throughput was improved about 71% when the PC was adopted in the first step. Meanwhile, the throughput was improved about 90% when partitioning algorithm was applied. Finally, the throughput achieved up to 94 % when the bridge nodes were allowed and consequently, it increased the overall performance of the network.