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Noise-Shaping Characteristics of Superconducting Band-Pass Sigma-Delta Modulators

The noise-shaping characteristics of superconducting band-pass single-loop sigma-delta modulators were clearly observed for the first time at 4 K using a 2.86 GHz sampling clock and a 0.69 GHz signal. The modulator consisted of a Josephson comparator, a driver, and a lumped-element-circuit superconducting resonator. The modulator chips were fabricated using NEC's Nb standard process. Digital data from the modulator were consecutively acquired using a semiconductor data acquisition system. By using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) software, the output spectrum of the noise-shaping characteristics was calculated from the measured data. Also, the input-output characteristics were measured experimentally, and the modulator's linearity was confirmed.