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Isolated sternal hypoplasia: a rare cause of kyphoscoliosis

In most cases, kyphoscoliosis is idiopathic. However, this is a diagnosis of exclusion and can be made only if no cause can be identified. Kyphoscoliosis can occur due to various causes. Isolated sternal anomalies may also cause kyphoscoliosis secondary to the bony deformity though this has not previously been reported in literature. We have reported a case of kyphoscoliosis secondary to isolated sternal hypoplasia with complete absence of bony and cartilaginous elements of the body and xiphoid process of the sternum without any associated deformities of mediastinal structures, lung parenchyma or soft tissues in a young male patient. Careful evaluation of patients with kyphoscoliosis can ensure timely diagnosis of unusual and potentially treatable causes for the same such as sternal anomalies. Addition of lateral chest radiographs to the imaging protocol for evaluation of kyphoscoliosis can play a major role in timely diagnosis of such cases.