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Esophageal endoscopic aspects after forceful dilation of the gastric cardia in patients with achalasia of Chagas' disease.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results and to observe endoscopically the distal esophagus in a series of chagasic adults with incipient megaesophagus and normal endoscopic aspect of the mucosa, who underwent forced hydrostatic dilatation of the cardia, 48 h after the procedure. Twenty patients were submitted to a careful specific pattern of forced dilatation, changing forceful and rapid standardized injection of water to slow distension of the balloon until the patient felt pain. The procedure was repeated three times with the same volume and was maintained each time for 5 min, with intervals of about 3 min. The dysphagia was practically immediately controlled and there were no severe complications or mortality in the series. Five patients complained of pyrosis, mild in two of them. The endoscopic examination revealed mucosal edema in 11 patients (55%), hyperemia in nine (45%) and superficial fissures of the mucosa in six (30%), with seven patients (35%) presenting all the signs simultaneously. These observations characterize 'traumatic esophagitis' due to forced dilatation of the cardia as being frequently asymptomatic. Extreme care with the method can produce effective dilatation of the cardia, avoiding severe complications but not some degree of mucosal injuries.