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Selectivity of the acaricide, Bifenazate, and aphicide, pymetrozine, to spider mite predators in Washington hops

Abstract Toxicity of an acaricide, bifenazate, and an aphicide, pymetrozine, to the phytoseiid mites, Galendromus occidentalis Nesbitt, Neoseiulus fallacis Garman and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant), and the coccinellid spider mite predators, Stethorus punctum picipes Casey and Harmonia axyridis Pallas, was examined in laboratory bioassays. The impact of applications of these pesticides on phytoseiids and a guild of spider mite/aphid predators in commercial hop yards in Washington was also evaluated. In bioassays, bifenazate at the full field rate was moderately toxic to the phytoseiids and coccinellids (37-81% mortality) but less toxic at half and quarter rates (0-44% and 0-11%, respectively). Pymetrozine was non-toxic to all predators at all rates. Phytoseiid (G. occidentalis/N. fallacis) populations and a guild of non-phytoseiid spider mite/aphid predators in hop yards appeared unaffected by single applications of half or three-quarter rates of bifenazate and the full rate of pymetrozine. Bifenazate and pymetrozine show great potential as selective pesticides that can be used in a sustainable hop arthropod management program based on recruitment and conservation of endemic natural enemies.