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Likud and the search for Eretz Israel: From the Bible to the twenty‐first century

Writing in the Israeli press on the eve of the Wye Plantation talks in October 1998, the Minister of Trade and Industry, Natan Sharansky, commented that as a result of the rapprochement with Palestinian nationalism since 1993 and the trauma of Yitzhak Rabin's murder by an opponent of the peace process, Israeli society had painfully re-evaluated its dream of controlling Eretz Israel, the Land of Israel. 'Only a minuscule percentage of the Israeli public', Sharansky declared, 'continues to dream of the return of the Israel Defence Forces to Gaza or Jenin'. Sharansky, of course, was not only talking about Israeli society per se, but also about the Israeli right in its broadest definition. Even though his own party, Israel Be-aliya, had been assisted by the Likud during the previous election and he had served in Binyamin Netanyahu's administration, he remained sufficiently distant from the governing party to note that an ideological watershed had been reached. As a refusenik and human rights activist in the USSR, Sharansky had written from the confines of a strict Soviet labour camp about his concerns for Israeli-Palestinian harmony, and had even started to teach himself Arabic. As a minister in a Likud-led government, however, he could not indicate openly that Prime Minister Netanyahu had seemingly ruptured the ideological connection between himself and his predecessors in Likud and its primogenitors, Gahal, Herut, the New Zionist Organization and the Union of Zionist-Revisionists.