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Tissue temperature monitoring for thermal interventional therapy: Comparison of T1‐weighted MR sequences

For thermal interventional therapy, near real‐time monitoring of temperature changes in the treated area is desirable. In this study, various fast T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocols were compared to determine the sensitivity and resolution of signal intensity for temperatures within the range of 36°C–66°C in gel phantoms and in vitro porcine liver specimens. The results showed that a T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequence with a TR of 100 msec had better temperature sensitivity and resolution than other sequences with comparable temporal resolutions. The longer imaging times required for fast spin‐echo sequences with a TR of 300 msec did not improve temperature sensitivity. The methods introduced to evaluate temperature sensitivity and resolution should prove useful in selecting appropriate MR protocols for monitoring thermal treatment modalities such as interstitial laser therapy, focused ultrasound therapy, or radio‐frequency heating.