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Periodontal Conditions in HIV + Patients Under Haart From a Metropolitan Area of Rio De Janeiro

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status and the presence of opportunistic oral lesions in HIV+ patients under HAART, and its association with CD4+ and CD4+ nadir T cells counts and viral load levels. Methods: Clinical periodontal parameters and the presence of opportunistic oral lesions along with records of CD4+ counts and viral load levels were evaluated in 29 subjects (16 female; mean age: 42.7 years), with previous serologic diagnosis of HIV, from the AIDS program of the Health Center of Duque de Caxias, Brazil. Results: All subjects presented gingivitis or periodontitis. A higher non-significant prevalence of periodontitis was found in smokers (93.8%) compared to non-smokers (76.9%). A significant weak positive correlation was observed between CD 4+ counts and missing teeth (rho=0.380, p<0.05), CD4+ nadir and periodontal diagnosis (rho=0.418, p<0.005), and CD4+ nadir and moderate probing depth (rho=0.424, p<0.05). When only non-smokers were analyzed, a significant moderate positive association was found between viral load and moderate clinical attachment level (CAL; rho=0.638, p<0.05), CD4+ nadir and diagnosis (rho=0.586, p<0.05), and CD4+ nadir and moderate CAL (rho=0.680, p<0.05). Analysis considering only smokers found no correlations between serologic parameters and demographic or clinical parameters. Conclusions: The current investigation demonstrated that HIV+ subjects under HAART presented a high prevalence of mild to moderate periodontal disease. Viral load levels, CD4+ nadir and CD4+ counts may present a weak to moderate correlation to number of missing teeth, periodontal diagnosis, moderate probing depth and moderate clinical attachment level, which may also reflect some impact of these systemic conditions on the periodontal status.