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Cost effectiveness analysis associated to the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma according to disease severity

Introduction/Objective. POAG treatment should be individually tailored to
 the disease severity and type, effectiveness and secondary side effects of
 the medications used. This research aimed to assess the direct medical
 costs and the cost effectiveness associated with pharmacotherapy in visually
 impaired people with primary open-angle glaucoma according to disease
 severity. Methods. This scientific study is designed as an observational
 cross-sectional study with a quantitative analytical approach and was
 conducted in the period from July 2020 to June 2021 on the territory of
 North Macedonia. The study included 157 patients with binocular POAG in the
 early, moderate and advanced clinical stage, up to the age of 67, with
 changes in visual acuity and work ability. During the assessment of the
 effects of pharmacotherapy were analyzed the types, mutual correlations and
 effectiveness of the most commonly prescribed antiglaucomatous medications
 and the cost benefit from their administration. Direct medical costs are
 calculated according to disease severity in the last 12 months using
 real-time data of public interest. Results. The beta blockers due to their
 affordable price and availability are the dominant option with high-cost
 benefit for primary treatment of POAG. Antiglaucoma medications and
 diagnostic procedures are major components of direct medical treatment
 costs. Conclusion. Pharmacotherapy is the dominant alternative compared to
 other types of treatment because it is safer and is associated with greater
 effictiveness and lower direct medical costs.