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Natural Resources and the Politics of Distribution

This chapter discusses the politics of distribution in natural resource-rich states and explores what factors influence the extent to which natural resource wealth is used to benefit the public. The chapter is divided into three sections. The first section gives a brief overview of the various ways that states have distributed the benefits of natural resource wealth, such as public investment and “direct distribution” programs like cash transfers and universal subsidies. The second section concerns the political logic of distribution from the government’s perspective, with a focus on the role of state capacity. The third section concerns how domestic politics and citizen mobilization have shaped the contours of distribution in natural resource-rich contexts. It discusses the role of protest following distribution reforms, anti-extraction movements, and public opinion.