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Pharmacological management of sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited blood disorder in the U.S., affecting about 72,000 Americans. It is also the most common inherited disease among African-Americans and affects approximately one out of every 500 newborns. People of other races are also affected by SCD, with a rate of one of every 1,000 to 1,400 Hispanic-American births.1 A significant prevalence of the mutation responsible for sickle cell has been reported among other ethnic groups such as those native to Italy, Greece, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, and Cyprus.2 
 
In 2004, 83,149 hospitalizations were attributable to SCD in the U.S., at a cost of almost $488 million.3 Episodes of pain, chronic hemolytic anemia, and severe infections are some of the common characteristics of this disease that begin in early childhood.4 Management of SCD is geared toward preventing complications and reducing the number of sickle cell crises.