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Forensic veterinary evaluation of gunshot wounds to a dog’s head based on traditional examination methods and modern imaging techniques

With the continually increasing availability of firearms and popularity of gun-related recreation, such as hunting and sports shooting, as well as the increasing number of illegal firearms associated with criminal activity, the number of shooting incidents is increasing as well. The legal status of the possession of weapons is strictly regulated by the provisions of the Act on arms and ammunition (1), which precisely classifies types of firearms and ammunition, as well as carefully defines the rights of citizens to own weapons. With an upward trend in the number of firearms, the risk of accidental and deliberate injuries caused by their use is increasing. However, these injuries have been shown to result more frequently from suicide attempts than from acts of violence or unskilled handling of firearms (2-5). Very often the victims of shooting are animals. Analysis of their injuries is extremely useful in determining the time of death or the circumstances of a crime. The domestic dog, because of its ability to adapt to almost any conditions and the role it plays in the environment and in serving human beings, has become the animal most vulnerable to gunshot wounds (6-8). As a subject of forensic medical opinions, gunshot wounds are a significant challenge because they involve injuries to multiple organs, which necessitates numerous multi-faceted examinations. In these wounds, there is a considerable disproportion between the small area of the mechanical trauma and the substantial degradation of tissues due to the kinetic energy Forensic veterinary evaluation of gunshot wounds to a dog’s head based on traditional examination methods and modern imaging techniques