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Identification of the role of mangostin in adipocytes with high‐throughput biosensor platform

We developed a biosensor platform based on 3T3‐L1 cell lines that stably express nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) response element/GFP, fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4) promoter/CFP, and Nrf2 promoter/YFP fluorescent reporters. The fluorescence signals indicate a direct correlation to the inflammatory, adipogenic and antioxidant status in adipocytes, respectively. α‐Mangostin (MG), a polyphenolic xanthone derivative from mangosteen fruit, has been reported to have anti‐adipogenic and anti‐inflammatory activities, while the activity of γ‐MG remains largely unknown. We applied biosensor assays to identify inflammatory and adipogenic properties of γ‐ as compared to α‐MG. α‐MG suppressed the activation of NF‐κB reporter in adipocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. α‐ and γ‐MG suppressed the activation of NF‐κB reporter by 30% and 40%, respectively, as compared to control adipocytes. This was confirmed by a significant decrease in mRNA expression of adipogenic marker PPARγ and pre‐adipocyte marker pref‐1. γ‐MG was a more potent inhibitor than α‐MG of MCP1 production as quantified by ELISA. MG also regulated Fabp4 and Nrf2 reporters during adipogenesis. Our studies suggest that the high‐throughput fluorescence biosensor platform facilitated the discovery of the potential therapeutic properties of γ‐MG in reducing obesity and inflammation.