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Tonic inhibition sets the state of excitability in olfactory bulb granule cells

•  Granule cells are the main source of inhibition in the olfactory bulb (i.e. the first station of odour processing in the mammalian brain), but very little is known about the inhibition that acts upon them. •  Using in vivo whole cell patch clamp recordings in anaesthetized mice we report the following new findings: •  We found odour‐evoked responses to be rare (seen only in 18% of the odour presentations, and only in cells that showed also evoked excitatory responses to odours). •  We report for the first time the presence of tonic inhibition in the olfactory bulb. •  We show that tonic inhibition dominates over phasic synaptic inhibition evoked by odours, thereby being the key regulator shaping the granule cells spike output. •  Preliminary (in vivo) evidence suggests that sensory evoked phasic inhibition onto granule cells is provided by deep short axon cells in the olfactory bulb.