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Separation and characterization of rice proteins

Rice proteins from nine tissues and one organelle (leaf, chloroplast, stem, root, germ, dark germinated seedling, seed, bran, chaff and callus) were isolated and then separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). The protein spots were characterized according to molecular weight, isoelectric point and partial amino‐terminal sequence. Electrophoresis was carried out by isoelectric focusing (IEF), nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) and immobilized pH gradient (IPG) in the first dimension, and by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) in the second dimension. With the aid of nine marker proteins, the patterns of IEF, NEPHGE and IPG 2‐DE gels were graphically combined by computer into a single synthetic image for each tissue, respectively, and these images for the nine tissues and one organelle were again combined into a single 2‐DE image for the integrated rice protein spots. The rice 2‐DE gel image resolved 4892 proteins. About 3% of the spots are characterized by amino‐terminal sequencing.