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Local structures of fluid with discrete spherical potential: Theory and grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulation.

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation and theoretical calculations based on Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) integral equation and third order+second order perturbation density functional theory (DFT) are performed to study a system of spherical particles interacting through a core-softened (CS) potential combining a repulsive square soft core and an attractive square well. Both theoretical predictions and simulation results reveal peculiar homogeneous and inhomogeneous local structures originating from the discontinuous nature of the CS potential. The bulk radial distribution function displays discontinuities at the distances coinciding with the ranges of the successive repulsive and attractive parts in the CS potential function. The density profiles of confined CS fluid show the shapes arising from the complex interplay among the steric effects and the competition between the repulsive and attractive parts of the CS potential. Satisfactory agreement between the theoretical results and simulation data leads to the following conclusions: (i) a modified hypernetted chain approximation combined with a hard sphere bridge function, which has been recently proposed by one of the authors of this study, is sufficiently reliable for the structural studies of CS fluid, and (ii) the third order+second order perturbation DFT, which has proven successful for the study of inhomogeneous structure of model fluids with continuous intermolecular potential function, posses a high adaptability to be applied for various types of interaction potentials and performs well also in the case of discontinuous CS model.