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Early life gut dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel diseases Restoration and disease prevention

The early life microbiome provides key signals and factors that are essential for proper development of host immunity, an educational process that takes place in the first year or two of life. Correction of imbalances in the early life gut microbiome arising from dietary, environmental, and pharmacological factors can potentially restore gut microbial and immune development and lower risk for complex immune disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Development of reliable markers and indicators of gut microbial health or unhealth will lead to next generation of clinical tools for risk assessment, precision interventions, and monitoring the health of an individual. • Miyoshi J, Miyoshi S, Delmont TO et al (2021a) Early-life microbial restitution reduces colitis risk promoted by antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis in Interleukin 10 absent mice. Gastroenterology. Vol. 161. P. 940-952. doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2021.05.054 • Miyoshi J, Lee STM, Kennedy M, et al (2021b) Metagenomic alterations in gut microbiota precede and predict onset of colitis in the IL10 gene-deficient murine model. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Vol. 11. P. 491-502. doi. org/10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.008 • Kaitlyn Oliphant, Mehneez Ali, Mark D’Souza et al (2021) Bacteroidota and Lachnospiraceae integration into the gut microbiome at key time points in early life are linked to infant neurodevelopment, Gut Microbes, 13:1, 1997560 doi.org/10.1080/1 9490976.2021.1997560 • Miyoshi J, Bobe AM, Miyoshi S, Huang Y, Hubert N, Delmont TO, Eren AM, Leone V, Chang E (2017) Cell Reports. Vol. 20. P.491-504. • Gevers D, Kugathasan S, Denson LA, Vazquez-Baeza Y, Van Treuren W, Ren B, Schwager E, Knights D, Song SJ, Yassour M, et al. The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn’s disease. Cell Host Microbe. 2014; 15:382–392. [PubMed: 24629344] Dr Eugene B. Chang Dr Jun Miyoshi