{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.031598513011152414, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.22543352601156, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Coordinated Beamforming and Artificial Noise in the Downlink Secure Multi-Cell MIMO Systems Under Imperfect CSI

In this letter, we consider the problem of secure communication in the downlink of a multi-cell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system under imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the base stations (BSs). The passive eavesdroppers are considered, whose CSI are unavailable at the BSs. Coordinated Beamforming (CBf) and artificial noise (AN) are employed for secrecy enhancement. Based on regularized channel inversion (RCI) precoding, we derive a novel closed-form expression of secrecy sum-rate in the large-system regime. Based on the result, the regularization parameter and the power allocation ratio between the information signal and AN are optimized. Compared to the perfect CSI case, it shows that the channel estimation error can drastically reduce the secrecy sum-rate, and more power needs to be allocated for AN when the channel estimation error grows larger. The analytical results are validated with the finite-size system by simulation.