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Congenital Anomalies of the Elbow Joint: Clinical Features and Classification

In order to examine the distribution of different types of congenital anomalies of the elbow joint and discuss their classification, a total of 94 patients, 96 congenital anomalies of the elbow joint, were analyzed. They were classified according to the elbow deformity itself as follows; radio‐ulnar synostosis in 59 cases (61%), radial head dislocation in 23 cases (24%), ankylosis of the elbow joint in eight cases (8%), severe flexion contracture of the elbow joint in three cases (3%), and complete or partial aplasia of the elbow joint in three cases (3%). On the other hand, congenital elbow deformities can be classified into three types according to the associated anomalies. In 78 patients, in which congenital elbow deformity appeared as an independent deformity, there were radio‐ulnar synostosis in 56 patients, radial head dislocation in 19 patients, ankylosis of the elbow joint in two patients, and hypoplasia of trocholea in one patient. In the 13 patients, which congenital elbow deformity appeared as a part of congenital upper limb anomalies, the underlying congenital anomalies of the upper limb were ulnar deficiency in eight patients, radial deficiency in two patients, transverse deficiency in two patients, and phocomelia in one patient. In five patients, elbow deformity appeared as a part of congenital syndromes. Classification according to associated anomalies seems to be more suitable in order to examine the real distribution of different types of congenital deformities of the elbow joint as a part of the upper limb.