{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.027158098933074686, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0019398642095053346, 'mean_word_length': 5.216867469879518, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Ecosystem services optional capacity value: A new indicator for valuation of ecosystem services

The valuation of ecosystem services (ESs) is helpful for effective ES management and scientific payment for ecosystem services ( PES). However, there are many limitations to traditional ES valuation approaches, including the theoretical challenges and the practical difficulties. These limitations cause many difficulties in the practice of ES management and PES. To circumvent these limitations, we proposed a new indicator for the valuation ES, which we termed the ES optional capacity value (OCV). The OCV was based on two axioms: (1) human life would end if we lose any essential ES for human survival (such as oxygen or freshwater); and (2) ecosystems cannot provide any benefits to people without human activities. OCV indicates the optional capacity of supporting the total value produced by a human′s economic and social activities (TVPH) provided by the total volume of an ES that was indispensable to human survival. OCV was