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The effect of site characteristics and farming practices on soil organic matter in long-term field experiments in the Czech Republic

Parameters for evaluating both the soil organic matter quantity (total organic C [TOC]) and quality (hot water extractable C [HWC], hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, soil hydrophobicity) were determined in soil samples taken from selected plots of 13 field experiments under different soil and climatic conditions in the period 2004–2008. Four variants were selected in each experiment: non-fertilized control (Nil), mineral fertilized variant (NPK), farmyard manured variants (FYM) and organic and mineral fertilized variants (FYM + NPK). The TOC and HWC content of topsoil differed mainly as a result of the site conditions. Both organic and mineral fertilization increased the TOC content of soil; the percentage increase in the HWC content was greater than that for the TOC content. Mineral and organic fertilization increased the hydrophobic organic component content but not the hydrophilic organic component content. A significant positive correlation was found between hydrophobic organic components and HWC content (R = 0.746, P < 0.01). Hydrophilic organic component content was highly significantly correlated with the TOC content (R = 0.728, P < 0.01). Soil hydrophobicity was affected by soil texture and clay content, and a positive effect of long-term organic fertilization on soil hydrophobicity, and thereby soil stability, was determined.