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Atmospheric turbulence effects in single-photon counting time-of-flight range profiling

In several laser radar applications detection of targets with high resolution and range accuracy, is of importance. Time-of-flight time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) provides a method to accomplish range profiling at longer ranges with high accuracy and resolution. The performance of a TCSPC system used for optical range profiling suffers from the influence of atmospheric turbulence effects causing perturbations of the registered time histograms. This is mostly manifested in propagation paths close to the ground. In this work a TCSPC system based on a monostatic transmitter/receiver head, a picosecond laser operating at high pulse-repetition frequency, a single photon detector and acquisition electronics with high timing resolution was used to study the influence from atmospheric turbulence on registered pulse responses from test targets. The turbulence conditions were monitored during the experiments and the influence from turbulence effects on the pulse response are discussed. The experimental results are considered in relation to existing turbulence models. Implications on system performance for a TCSPC time-of-flight range profiling system are illustrated.