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Formation of ordered dolomite in anaerobic photosynthetic biofilms

8 Dolomite enabled the preservation of fine microbial textures in some Archean and Proterozoic 9 marine microbialites, but has rarely done so during the Phanerozoic. Here, we report precipitation 10 of dolomite in anoxygenic photosynthetic biofilms grown under chemical conditions relevant for 11 Archean seawater. Ordered dolomite nucleates primarily on the surfaces of photosynthetic cells 12 when manganese(II) is also present, nanocrystals of disordered dolomite form on exopolymeric 13 substances (EPS) in microbial cultures grown either in the dark or without manganese. Dolomite 14 nucleation and maturation on different surfaces in photosynthetically active cultures amended with 15 0.1-1 mM manganese(II) enables the preservation of biofilm textures at scales larger than 16 individual microbial cells. This provides a new model for the preservation of microbial textures 17 by dolomite before the oxygenation of the oceanic photic zone.