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From the Subjected Subject to the Vulnerable Subject: An Unfinished Discussion in Contemporary Spanish Feminisms

This article focuses on the subject of feminism in the specific context of contemporary Spain. During the 1970s and 1980s, the feminist movement took as its subject the “woman-housewife-mother,” originally defined by the Franco regime, as a counterpoint from which to propose both an alternative identity for women and a collective identity for the movement. Starting at the end of the 1980s and throughout the 1990s, lesbian-feminists, transgender people, young activists, and queer feminists critiqued the focus on the woman-housewife-mother as the singular subject of feminism. Despite those criticisms, this article—which is drawn from two sociological research projects—notes that some feminists are proposing a new unitary subject of feminism: the vulnerable subject. These feminisms construct this subject using a very narrow conception of vulnerability; vulnerability is exclusively exposure to violence and is equated with femininity. The text concludes with a reflection on how a more open, ambivalent, and ambiguous conception of vulnerability may allow us to rethink the subject of feminism, not by denying vulnerability but by taking it as its condition of possibility.