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Modeling the image performance of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission sensors

The LDCM will carry two new pushbroom imagers. The nine band Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the two band Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) represent significant changes in Landsat Sensor Technology, as does the plan to generate a common data product from two sensors (registered 11 band data). This effort is designed to generate synthetic images that will predict the LDCM performance pre-launch, will support trouble shooting of instrument behavior during initialization and operation, and perhaps most importantly, can support Landsat remote sensing science activities throughout the mission. This paper reports on initial results of efforts to simulate all of the phenomena that can lead to non-uniformity variations in an image. This includes detector-to-detector and array-to-array non-uniformities due to variations in relative spectral response (RSR), gain, bias, and non-linearities. The overall approach involves modifying the DIRSIG image simulation model to allow detailed modeling of the Landsat orbit and LDCM sensors parameters and generation of test scenes to allow full end-to-end image simulations incorporating illumination, atmospheric, sensor geometry, and radiometry effects as a function of time, meteorology, spectral range from the visible through the long wave infrared, and spatial effects. The results reported in this paper emphasize the modeling and initial demonstration of the non-uniformity phenomenology.