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Role of fluid mechanical effects in activating phase transition of laser-induced TiO2 nanoparticles

Pulsed laser irradiation at the titanium-water interface leads to immediate plasma formation with an emission of shockwaves and cavitation bubbles. The constituent species of plasma at the titanium-water interface eventually leads to the formation of anatase and rutile polymorphs of TiO2 nanoparticles. During the nucleation process, such a nanoparticle is able to withstand extreme pressure and temperature transients attributed to plasma, shockwaves and cavitation bubbles. In view of this, the thermodynamical aspects of TiO2 nanoparticles (anatase phase) are investigated with elucidation of the possible role played by fluid dynamical phenomena, such as high speed shockwaves and cavitation bubbles, in tailoring the phase transitions. It is observed that the characteristic traits of the shockwaves and cavitation bubbles will play a pivotal role, including laser-induced fragmentation, which will also alter the phase traits of the nanoparticles.