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Isolation and identification of potassium‐releasing bacteria in soil and assessment of their ability to release potassium for plants

The application of potassium (K)‐releasing microorganisms is a promising approach for increasing K availability in soil. The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize the K‐releasing bacteria (KRB) and to evaluate their contribution to the solubilization of K from muscovite and biotite, and to the assimilation of released K by tomato in a pot culture experiment. Soil samples were screened in both solid and liquid Aleksandrov media to isolate bacteria with the potential to release K from biotite and muscovite. Our results from in‐vitro experiments revealed that more K was released in treatments with KRB than in the uninoculated media (control). Under the best conditions an increase of 188 and 127% was obtained for biotite and muscovite, respectively; among the isolates with the largest releasing ability it was 49 mg l−1. The most efficient bacteria were identified as the Pseudomonas genus. Results of the pot culture experiment showed that the concentration and content of K in plant tissue were considerably more than those in any of the controls with no living organisms present. Results revealed that significantly more biomass was accumulated and K acquired in most pots treated with bacterial strains than in the control, especially for Pseudomonas sp. strain S10‐3. This treatment increased K concentation and content by more than 50 and 70%, respectively, in tomato aerial tissue. Further research is necessary to examine the effects of these bacterial strains on the mobilization of K‐bearing minerals under field conditions.