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Optimized Operating Conditions for a Biological Treatment Process of Industrial Residual Process Brine Using a Halophilic Mixed Culture

Residual process brine is a sustainable raw material for chlor-alkali electrolysis processes. This study investigates the influence of critical process parameters on the performance of a continuous treatment process for residual process brine using halophilic microorganisms. The goal of the bioprocess is an efficient degradation of the organic impurities formate, aniline, phenol, and 4,4′-methylenedianline from this residual stream. It was shown that formate could be degraded with high efficiencies (89–98%) during the treatment process. It was observed that formate degradation was influenced by the co-substrate glycerol. The lowest residual formate concentrations were achieved with specific glycerol uptake rates of 8.0–16.0 × 10−3 g L−1 h−1 OD600−1. Moreover, a triple-nutrient limitation for glycerol, ammonium, and phosphate was successfully applied for continuous cultivations. Furthermore, it was shown that all aromatic impurities were degraded with an efficiency of 100%. Ultimately, this study proposed optimized operating conditions, allowing the efficient degradation of organics in the residual process brine under various process conditions. Future optimization steps will require a strategy to prevent the accumulation of potential intermediate degradation products formed at high aniline feed concentrations and increase the liquid dilution rates of the system to achieve a higher throughput of brines.