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Detection of Viroid and Viroid-like RNAs from Grapevine

Analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of nucleic acid preparat ions, obtained from several varieties of grapevine by a procedure designed to isolate and purify viroids, revealed the presence of R N A species with some of the characterist ic physical properties of viroids. Under non-denaturing conditions, a band with a mobil i ty faster than that of citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) was detected, and under fully denaturing conditions two bands were observed, one co-migrating with the circular forms of CEV and a second migrat ing faster than the l inear forms of this viroid. This R N A species did not hybridize with a c D N A probe to CEV. Some of the grapevine preparat ions were infective for Gynura aurantiaca, inducing symptoms similar to those caused by CEV, and the appearance of an R N A which had the same mobil i ty as CEV in denaturing and non-denaturing electrophoretic systems and hybridized with c D N A to CEV. These results suggest that viroid-like and viroid R N A s can be recovered from grapevine, the former (with no detectable sequence homology to CEV) at a concentration sufficient to be observed as a physical entity in gels, and the latter (with close sequence homology to CEV) whose presence could only be revealed by bioassay. The possible involvement of these R N A s in some grapevine diseases of unknown aetiology is discussed.