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Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of Sleep Disorders in the Elderly

Elderly subjects have initial insomnia, wake up earlier than usual, have higher time spent in bed, have nighttime awakenings, nap more, and have decreased total sleep as compared to younger adults. With increasing age lighter stages of sleep becomes more, whereas, REM and slow-wave sleep reduce; up to 6 years of age there is 2% decrease in slow-wave sleep every decade. Slow-wave sleep does not change much from 60 to 90 years of age. However, sleep efficiency, i.e. the duration of sleep relative to total time in bed, continue to decrease over time. Sleep in the elderly is fragmented, lighter and is characterized by episodes of arousals and awakenings.