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SusChem industrial biotechnology--potentials and challenges in industrial biotech in Europe.

With oil prices beating record after record in the past year, society has now become aware that cheap fossil resources will not last forever and that it will demand a profound change in the way we live and consider natural resources. This has been recognised in the past decade with increased measures to tackle manmade greenhouse gas emission and its effect on climate change. All major facets of European society and economic activity, including agriculture, environmental protection and the manufacturing industry, are being challenged to demonstrate their sustainability. Industry is at the forefront of these changes as a primary user of resources and has embraced the sustainability of industrial processes as one of its key challenges. It is crucial for industry to secure abundant, competitively priced and stable resources. Environmental constraints such as sustainability and compliance with the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the supply challenges, limitation of resources and increased demand and price of fossil feedstock have also fuelled the interest in alternative and environmentally friendly technologies. Industrial biotechnology and products derived from biomass are very attractive to develop these alternatives and with a broad untapped potential it constitutes a key resource for breakthrough innovation in the chemical industry. Mankind has already benefited from biotechnology for a long time, but with the evolution of new technologies and a much deeper understanding of cell metabolism and materials science, many new opportunities have been identified and others are continuing to emerge. McKinsey estimates that by 2010 around 10% of chemical industries sales will be related to industrial biotechnology or based on biomass (Figure 1). Though this is seen as a very positive estimate, it shows nev-