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Treatments with Tamoxifen and an Antiestradiol Antibody Have Beneficial Effects on Experimental SLE via Cytokine Modulation

Various studies demonstrated that estrogens accelerate and androgens ameliorate the course of human and murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).' Recently, we reported that tamoxifen (antiestrogen with relatively minor side effects) has beneficial effects on the clinical manifestations of experimental SLE induced in BALB/c mice by immunization with the human monoclonal anti-DNA antibody that bears a common idiotype, 16/6 Id.* To elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in the therapeutic effects of tamoxifen, we further investigated the influence of an antiestrogen (E2) monoclonal antibody (mAb) on 16/6 Id-immunized mice and the effects of both treatments on cytokine secretion.