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Military Dialogue in the Euro‐Mediterranean Charter: An Unjustified Absence

The most relevant development within the political and security chapter of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP), launched in 1995 by the Barcelona Declaration, will undoubtedly be the drafting of a Charter for Peace and Stability. The "Guidelines for elaborating a Euro-Mediterranean Charter", agreed upon as an informal working document at the Third Euro-Mediterranean Conference held in Stuttgart in April 1999, envisage an enhanced political dialogue, the purpose of which would be to prevent tensions and crises and to maintain peace and stability by means of comprehensive and cooperative security. However, no mention of military dialogue or other kinds of military measures can be found in them. Although there is a generic scheme of objectives and means, which might in a very broad interpretation also include military relationships, the lack of any specific reference to a military dialogue is significant. In fact, the expressions "military", "defence", and "armed forces" have been avoided in all texts produced by the Barcelona process. The absence of military dialogue and cooperation in the EMP is a gap that should be filled. In one sense, this absence is justified because there have been enormous difficulties in establishing a multilateral Euro-Mediterranean dialogue in security and defence issues, and yet, from another point of view, the gap is no