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Book Review: Other People's Blood: U.S. Immigration Prisons in the Reagan Decade

JAMES A. TYNER Kent State University Young Japanese females are caught in a situation of sharper and profound value clash. For them, the future used to be that of ‘eternal employment’ as good wives and wise mothers, and education was seen as enhancing marriage prospects. Their greater social freedom has now created more options in regard to education, career and marriage. Yet, while much progress has been made to break the glass ceiling of career enhancement, it remains a serious issue. In Chapter Six, Andressen and Kumagai describe the Japanese females studying in Australia as "the new adventurers." Like their male counterparts, the main reason for studying in Australia, and not the United States, is its reputation as a safe and friendly country. Even more than the males, they are dissatisfied with Japan, and many expressed the wish to eventually settle in Australia. The authors identify three subgroups: firstly, a group of school leavers supported by their family; a second group either supported by family or who have worked for several years and who are dissatisfied with Japan and, lastly, a group who have found their way into postgraduate courses. In the final concluding chapter, the authors extrapolate, somewhat uneasily, beyond their data to present a simple typology: (1) the wanderers, mostly male, who have dropped out of the Japanese system as underachievers and their life goals remain fluid; (2) the escapees, mostly female, who have completed post-secondary education with perhaps some work experience and who have decided to jump off the treadmill of Japanese life, at least for the moment; and (3) the achievers, both female and male, somewhat older, who may have had good jobs in Japan but have the clear career purpose of studying in Australia to increase their English proficiency and internationalise their curricula vitae. This is a worthwhile study. Clearly it needs to be supplemented with more detailed studies. It presents some interesting conundrums for the marketing of Australian education to Japan. It shows Japanese youth are seeking new sources of meaning in their lives. It also illustrates the ambivalent consequences of internationalization.