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Performances of Elite Sugarcane Genotypes for Agro-physiological Traits in Relation to Yield Potential and Ratooning Ability under Rain-fed Conditions

Background and Objective: Poor ratooning ability in sugarcane can limit crop productivity and profitability for sugarcane growers. The objective of this study was to investigate the agronomic and physiological performances of elite sugarcane genotypes in relation to yield potential and ratooning ability under rain-fed conditions. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine sugarcane genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications, in 2 separate crops, consisting of a planted crop and first ratoon crop from December, 2015 to December, 2017; at Khan Kaen University’s, Faculty of Agriculture. The sugarcane genotypes were planted in 4-row plots, 8 m in length, spaced 1.5×0.5 m. Sixteen coupled plants were placed two cane pieces/row. Combined analysis of variance indicated significant effects of crop and genotype (C×G) interaction within the agronomic traits; i.e., stalk diameter, stalk length, number of internodes/stalk, number of stalks/stool, single stalk weight, cane yield, millable cane and sugar yield; the physiological traits, i.e., SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) and relative water content (RWC) at the drought stress period (90 DAP), the recovery period (180 DAP) and at harvest (12 months after planting) in the planted and first ratoon crops. Results: Kps01-12, KK3 and K88-92 were identified as the most superior clones for cane and sugar yields. Stalk length, single stalk weight and millable cane were associated with cane yields of the planted crop and first ratoon crop and may therefore, be used as surrogate traits for improved yield and ratooning ability. Conclusion: The association between the agronomic and physiological parameters with cane yield will determine the ratooning potential of planted and first ratoon crops.