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Survivorship of Australian Othreis fullonia on Erythrina variegata: hypotheses for development of host‐plant biotypes in the Pacific

The fruit-piercing moth, Othreis fuUonia (Clerck) (Noctuidae) is a serious pest of tropical and subtropical fruit in parts of Southeast Asia, Australia and in the Pacific (Waterhouse & Norris, 1987). Both sexes of adult moths pierce the skin of ripening fruit with their proboscis to withdraw juice (Sands & Schotz, 1991). In Australia and Southeast Asia the larvae of O. fullonia feed exclusively on forest vines belonging to the family Menispermaceae (Fay, 1994; B~inziger, 1982). However, in Hawaii, Papua New Guinea and other islands of the western Pacific, the larvae of O. fullonia feed on several species of Erythrina (Fabaceae) as well as menisperm vines when both plants are present (Waterhouse & Norris, 1987). In Australia, the larvae of O. fullonia have not been found on Erythrina spp. (Sands & Schotz, 1991). Although E. variegata L. is utilised by O.fullonia in the Pacific and occurs in eastern Queensland (Stanley & Ross, 1983), the larvae feed only on menisperm vines including Tinospora smilacina Benth. (Fay, 1994). Larvae of Australian O. fullonia refused to feed when offered three Erythrina spp. (Waterhouse & Norris, 1987) but young foliage of several Australian Erythrina spp. was readily accepted by larvae of O. fullonia when tested in New Caledonia (Cochereau, 1977). Experiments were carried out with O. fullonia from eastern Australia to determine if larvae could be induced to feed on E. variegata, and to understand the possible mechanisms for adaptation of O. fullonia in the Pacific to Erythrina spp.. Materials and methods