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Microstrip Fractal MultiBand Antenna Design and Optimization by using DGS Technique for Wireless Communication

This article presents a multi-band microstrip fractal antenna using the Defected Ground Structure (DGS) technique. It is used for the self-affine property of fractal geometry. The geometry is applied to the ground plane of the microstrip antenna and a maximum of two iterations have been performed on the antenna. The antenna resonated at the range of five multi-band frequencies having 2–8 GHz frequency bands and also useful for military, telecommunication and C-band frequency applications. These applications include the operations such as Wi-Fi, Radio Detection & Ranging, and satellite communications. All designed antennas are optimized by IE3D simulation tool and designed with Fire Retardant-4 epoxy (FR-4) material having dielectric constant= 4.4, thickness=1.6mm and loss tangent =0.02. By placing rectangular fractal structures in the ground plane (DGS) the different parameters of all antennas have been studied in terms of efficiency of antenna radiation, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, return loss, and resonant frequency. The recommended microstrip antenna exhibits a multi-band, simple structure with a low-costdielectric material and the overall size has been reduced.