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Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ) in Endometrial Simple Hyperplasia and Endometrioid Carcinoma

AimsThe aim of this study was to analyze the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) β in endometrioid carcinoma in comparison to non-neoplastic endometrium. MethodsFifty-seven histopathologically confirmed non-neoplastic endometria (22 proliferative phase, 15 secretory phase, and 20 simple hyperplasia without atypia), and 26 cases of endometrioid carcinoma were studied. The ERβ/ERα transcript ratio was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The receptor protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using the Allred Scoring System. ResultsDecreased expression of ERβ, ERα, and progesterone receptor proteins was observed in endometrioid carcinoma compared with proliferative endometrium and simple hyperplasia (P<0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). Within the group of endometrioid carcinoma, a correlation of increased ERβ expression with tumors exhibiting ≥50% myoinvasion (P=0.034) was observed, whereas there was no correlation with the grade of tumor (P=0.314). There was a significant association of ERβ with ERα expression in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic endometrium indicating interdependence of expression. Progesterone receptor protein expression was influenced by ERα levels and not by ERβ as shown by regression analysis in non-neoplastic and neoplastic endometrium. ConclusionsThus, ERβ alterations are important in endometrioid carcinoma. The relationship of ERβ expression to myoinvasion warrants further investigation.