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Identity in Early Adolescence: A Developmental Perspective

Ego identity status definitions with examples are elaborated upon with particular reference to early adolescents. Patterns of potential identity status change for this age group are discussed within the context of Waterman's developmental model. From the findings of seven separate studies employing the Ego Identity Status Interview with samples ranging from the 6th grade to college entrance, it appears that a substantial majority of early and mid-adolescents are either identity diffuse or foreclosed. However, some instances of the moratorium and identity achievement statuses were found to occur even at the 6th grade level. In line with Erikson's developmental theory, with increasing grade level, the frequency of identity achievers and moratoriums increased while the frequency of foreclosures and diffusions decreased. The use of age appropriate scoring criteria for studying identity formation is discussed.