{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.027896995708154508, 'fraction_numerical': 0.01072961373390558, 'mean_word_length': 5.300675675675675, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The role of hemostatic markers as venous stenosis or occlusion predictors following first transvenous cardiac device implantation.

BACKGROUND
Among patients with implanted cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED), ipsilateral upper extremity vein stenosis or occlusion (VSO) is observed more frequently than the in general population. However, there are no data available concerning relationship between hemostatic markers (and their dynamics) and occurrence of VSO. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of beta-thromboglobulin, von Wilebrand factor, fibrynogen and D-dimer for VSO development among first time CIED recipients.


METHODS
We performed a single-center, prospective study of consecutive first time CIED recipients. In an ultrasound examination before CIED implantation the presence of upper extremity VSO was excluded. Biochemical data were collected from all the patients before CIED implantation (first measuring), up to seven days (second measuring) and six months after the operation (third measuring). Primary endpoint was defined as the presence of upper extremity VSO at the implantation site during the ultrasound examination six months after the operation.


RESULTS
The study included 71 patients (mean age 73.1 + 10.5 years; 39 (55%) male). The incidence of VSO within 6-months follow up was 21.1%. Average concentrations of hemostatic markers increased significantly in all the patients immediately after CIED implantation. Serial hemostatic marker concentrations were similar in patients who met and did not meet the primary endpoint, apart from von Wilebrand factor. Its mean concentration was significantly elevated in a group who reached primary endpoint (p = 0.032).


CONCLUSION
A significant increase in von Wilebrand factor concentration at six months post implantation may be a marker for VSO occurrence.