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Effects of a soy protein diet on serum leptin and isoflavones in obese versus lean Zucker rats (829.5)

The obesity epidemic in the US continue to rise. Obese women have higher mortality rates from all cancers including breast cancer. Studies suggest health benefits from soy consumption in reducing cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a soy diet on serum leptin and isoflavone levels in obese animals. Lean and obese female Zucker rats (n=34) were randomly assigned to diets containing: 1) caseinate, or 2) soy protein isolate for 8 weeks. Serum leptin was measured by ELISA and total isoflavones (measured as aglycones genistein, daidzein and equol) were measured by liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Serum leptin levels were increased in obese vs lean animals on both diets (P<0.001)). Isoflavones were not detected in serum from the casein diet group. Serum total genistein (0.88 + 0.28 vs 1.18 + 0.5 µM) and daidzein (0.43 + 0.70 vs 0.59 + 0.24 µM) (lean vs obese rats, respectively) were not affected by obesity in the soy diet group but obesity caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction (1.40 + 0.46 vs 0.98 + 0.25 µM) in serum total equol levels. Our results suggest that isoflavone metabolism in the obese female Zucker rat model is altered compared to lean animals resulting in decreased equol formation by GI microflora following dietary soy consumption.