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The cementless femoral stem revisited.

Despite the success of Sir John Charnley's cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA), large numbers of patients demonstrated mechanical failure due to loosening. The two main initial concerns were infection and wear. With the recent advances in antibiotics and aseptic techniques and with improvement in surgical technique, the incidence of infection has decreased tremendously. Subsequently, the issues of wear and osteolysis have become the main concern. Initially attributing these problems to so-called "cement disease," clinicians sought out alternative methods of fixation; hence arose cementless femoral stem fixation. This article provides an overview of our modern understanding of cementless femoral stem fixation, focusing on design issues and outcomes. Particular attention is paid to three areas of continuing controversy with regard to the uncemented femoral stem: geometric design, material composition, and type and extent of porous coating.