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Genetic Analysis of the Capsule Locus of Haemophilus inﬂuenzae Serotype f

A 19-kb DNA region containing genes involved in the biosynthesis of the capsule of Haemophilus inﬂuenzae serotype f (Hif) has been cloned and characterized. The Hif cap locus organization is typical of group II capsule biosynthetic loci found in other H. inﬂuenzae serotype b bacteria and other gram-negative bacteria. However, the Hif cap locus was not associated with an IS 1016 element. Three new open reading frames, Fcs1, Fcs2, and Fcs3, were identiﬁed in the Hif capsule-speciﬁc region II. The chromosomal location of the Hif cap locus and the organization of the ﬂanking sequences differed signiﬁcantly from previously described division I H. inﬂuenzae serotypes. Many bacterial species produce an extracellular polysaccharide capsule (CPS), which contributes to the pathogenicity of these organisms. The capsule of Haemophilus inﬂuenzae , a human pathogen causing disease in both adults and children, is important in establishing and maintaining invasive disease such as bacteremia and meningitis by conferring bacterial resistance to complement-mediated phagocytosis (28). H. inﬂuenzae is serotyped based on the presence of six antigenically distinct CPS (types a to f) (31). H. inﬂuenzae strains that lack CPS are classiﬁed as nontypeable or nonencapsulated.