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Motor planning in preschool children – the use of a visual cue to test the end-state comfort effect: a preliminary study

The end-state comfort effect has been observed in grip selections of adult humans and other species of primates, but few studies have explored this effect in young children. The present study investigated the effect of a visual cue on the sensitivity to exhibit end-state comfort. Preschool children (N = 17) completed the task of picking up an overturned cup, turning it right-side up, and pouring water into it. Each child performed three trials of this task in both visual cue and non-visual cue conditions. Results revealed no significant difference between the two visual cue conditions in using a thumb-down or end-state comfort grip, χ 2 (1) = 0.12, p > 0.05. The findings offer practical implications regarding young children's ability to plan movement along with the potential role of early learning centres in creating environments that promote motor planning.