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NOX2‐Dependent ROS Production is Essential for the Response to Endurance Exercise in Skeletal Muscle.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during exercise is involved in beneficial effects of exercise. However, the molecular mechanisms are still not completely understood. The aim of this work was to study the contribution of ROS, produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX2), in response to exercise. BALB/c mice treated with apocynin or saline for 3 days were swim‐exercised for one hour. NADPH oxidase (NOX2) activation was assessed measuring p47phox phosphorylation, and studying the interaction between p47 and gp91phox by in situ proximity ligation assay. NF‐kB activation was determined by measuring both nuclear and cytosolic localization and p65 phosphorylation by western blot. Gene expression was studied by RT‐qPCR. Swim exercise significantly increased both p‐p47phox and NOX2 complex assembly, which were reduced in exercised apocynin‐pretreated mice. Apocynin and gp91‐dstat peptide prevented NF‐kB activation and its dependent gene expression. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase gene expression were upregulated by exercise, whereas in apocynin‐treated mice this increase was totally blocked. Moreover, plasma IL‐6 after exercise decreased in apocynin‐treated mice compared with the exercised group. In conclusion, ROS derived from NOX2 modulate acute responses to endurance exercise in skeletal muscle and may be necessary for exercise adaptation.