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The Spanish Tragedy and Hamlet: Infernal Memory in English Renaissance Revenge Tragedy

The Renaissance male revenger, “that berserk memorialist,” is the early modern mnemonic subject par excellence. So many characteristics of the revenger revolve around memory that it is possible to sketch an immediately recognizable portrait of this indelible stock type solely through the mnemonic aspects of his rendering. Think of the famous memento mori pose of the revenger gazing intently at the skull, a potent reminder of the transitory nature of this world; or the solitary figure whose mourning weeds testify to his unwillingness to let grief quietly fade away. There is the revenger’s affiliation with ghosts, whose presence serves as a reminder of the fatal duty to which he has sworn himself; then there are the memento-collecting revengers, whose careful preservation of tokens, or even the remains, of loved ones recalls them to that duty. It is not surprising, then, that when the anticipated revenge finally comes, it often takes the form of highly self-conscious mnemonic art, carefully and creatively recalling the