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Transgenic mice overexpressing mutated forms of amyloid Hypertension and Dementia

Although hypertension is well known as a cause of vascular dementia (VaD),1 recent findings highlight the role of hypertension in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as a risk for dementia, and its identification is thought to lead to secondary prevention by controlling the risks for cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that disruption of diurnal blood pressure (BP) variation was closely associated with cognitive impairment.2,3 In several clinical trials, BP-lowering with antihypertensive agents was shown to substantially reduce the risk of dementia or cognitive decline. This review paper focuses on the role of hypertension as a risk factor for cognitive impairment, and summarizes current knowledge on the relationships between ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and cognitive impairment. Finally, an overview of the impact of antihypertensive therapy on dementia prevention is provided.