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Neuroendocrine tumors from an unknown primary source: immunohistochemical and morphometric features

Neuroendocrine tumors belong to the group of favorable carcinomas of unknown primary location, but 90% of them are poorly differentiated by tumors that require immunohistochemistry to establish histogenesis of cells. The aim is to investigate the complex of morphological, morphometric and immunohistochemical characteristics of cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma without primary localization for improvement of verification algorithms of the primary source. Histological, morphometric and immunohistological characteristics of the biopsy material were established for 107 patients with neuroendocrine tumors without primary localization. The statistical analysis of the parameters of planes, perimeters and the circle coefficient of cells was performed in ImageJ and Microsoft Excel programs with the calculation of minimum, maximum, median (M), arithmetic mean (χ) and standard deviation (SD). The analysis of the distribution of observation groups was carried out according to the t-criterion. The most frequent localization of such neuroendocrine tumors is described in the retroperitoneal region, mediastinum and peripheral lymph nodes (40%), liver (25%) and bones (10–15%). With a decrease in the degree of differentiation of neuroendocrine tumors, the size of cell nuclei and the proliferation index in all studied groups significantly increased (all p <0.05).