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64-QAM CARRIER SYNCHRONIZATION BY AN EXTENDED KALMAN FILTERING

High Order Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a high-bandwidth-efficient modulation scheme employed in the wireless communications. For this type of modulation, one of the most important problems is carrier recovery to allow a coherent demodulation. To extract correctly the transmitted symbols as the carrier frequency offset between the transmitter and receiver is inevitable, the receiver must to provide blind fast carrier frequency synchronization. In order to track the frequency of the received signal, the receiver uses commonly a PhaseLocked-Loop (PLL) technique. An alternative to PLL carrier recovery is the use of Kalman filter algorithms.