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Britain's First 'No' to Europe: Britain and the Briand Plan, 1929-30

In July 1929 Aristide Briand, the Foreign Minister of France, announced his intention to address the forthcoming League of Nations Assembly on the subject of European federation.1 There, Briand declared his support for federation, and eight months later the French government circulated a memorandum outlining his proposals to the other twenty-six European League memberstates.2 The memorandum, however, raised doubts about Briand’s underlying motives, and most of the states responded with polite but non-committal replies. Within a few months European relations took a sharp turn for the worse, and within a year Briand’s plan was practically forgotten. In the light of the extreme nationalism and autarky which characterized much of Europe during the 1930s, it is perhaps not surprising that Briand’s initiative should