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In-silico Analysis of Evolution of Plant Polyamine Oxidases

Amino oxidase enzymes have attractive role in programmed cell death. Full length amino acid sequences of 46 polyamino oxidases (PAO) and 8 diamino oxidases (DAO) were retrieved from major sequence repositories. Sequences were obtained using combination of queries based on key terms and BLASTp searches. The PAOs belong to 21 and DAOs belong to 5 families. Multiple sequence alignment of amino-acid sequences identified the conserved residues to be Glycine, Glutamic acid, Alanine, Arginine, Tryptophan, Proline, Valine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine and Lysine. Glycine is most conserved followed by glutamic acid and proline. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the three main nodes/clades A, B and C. Clade C containing highest number of PAO species was followed by clade B. Clade A mostly contains tree species PAOs. Similar trend has been observed for DAOs. PAO and DAO genes of plants including Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachipodium, Glycin max, Oryza sativa present on different chromosomes. Comparative modelling was done to build 3D structure of the PAO and DAO from A. thaliana. In the Ramachandran plot, more than 90% residues were in most allowed regions. DAOs are mostly located in lysosomes and vacuoles in the cell and are in soluble form. PAOs located in cytoplasm and peroxisomes are in soluble form.