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Iran in the 20th Century: Historiography and Political Culture

Historiography of Iran witnessed considerable changes and developments during the twentieth century. Most notably it was impacted by the gradual growth of a new vision of history, and of what constitutes historical facts, that largely stemmed from a conceptual and normative paradigm of “national history” and “national historiography.” This in turn fell on receptive ground with a new audience who was interested in national political events and keen on reading about those who were, in varying degrees, participants in such events. The ideational framework of national history provided both the intellectual incentive and the force of imagination to search, secure, and select evidence for inclusion into its narrative. Use of sources was further facilitated by the development of new state institutions endowed with the task of cataloguing administrative records. Together with the occasional publication of private papers, these collections subsequently formed the bulk of the historian’s material. On the other hand the twentieth century also brought in perspectives that were tuned to ideological rejection of the status quo. On the bases of various analytical referents, such as class, gender, ethnicity, and conspiracy, these perspectives often based their arguments on criticism, denunciation, and struggle—and as such they set out to advocate a new take on historiography and historical consciousness. Iranian Studies, volume 44, number 6, November 2011