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Morphology of lymphatic cells and of their derived tumours.

The morphological description of diseases of the lymphatic and reticulum cells, and the classification of neoplasms derived from these cells, are in a state of some confusionwhich arises, in part at least, from the different approaches and terminology used by histopathologists and by cytologically orientated haematologists. The addition of electron microscopy, of enzyme histochemistry, and of immunological methods for cell typing has not entirely resolved the differences. The subject is still in a state of rapid development but an analysis of current knowledge is needed to promote mutual understanding among histopathologists, haematologists, immunologists, and many others who may be concerned. Whereas attempts to classify neoplastic disorders of the haemopoietic system have largely succeeded because the derivation of the tumour cells from the normal cells could be inferred from morphological study of marrow and blood cells, we have had to wait much longer for a comparable classification of lymphoreticular neoplasms-with the possible exception of Hodgkin's disease. In non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (ML) a major advance was made by Rappaport (1966; Rappaport et al., 1956), who moved from a popular terminology (lymphosarcoma, reticular cell sarcoma, and giant follicular lymphoma) to one based on lymph node structure, but the first step in the direction of a cytological analysis of the variety of ML was the use of haematological staining techniques applied to tissue sections in order to bridge the gap between histological findings and haematocytological data. For this purpose the use of the Giemsa stain was proposed by Lennert (1957, 1961). The major indications were, on the one hand, the morphological specificity of germinal centre cells and the comparability with them of the cells of follicular lymphomas and, on the other hand, the fact that