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Rethinking Psychoanalytic Ideas in Russian Philosophy

Despite the tendency to ignore Russian philosophy contribution to the study of the phenomenon of the unconscious, the author looks into its input into the research of the unconscious. In the theory of “common task” by N.F. Fyodorov understanding of psychoanalytic concepts is subordinated to the great task of revival of ancestors’ heritage. N.A. Berdyaev interprets the unconscious from personalistic positions. S.L. Frank explicates psychoanalytic ideas in the social field. Having chosen the dialectical-religious concept B.P. Vysheslavtsev fills psychoanalytic concepts “libido”, “Eros”, “sublimation” with spiritual content. V.F. Ern connects the unconscious with the irrational society phenomena, characterizing the deep national traits of the German spirit. The main findings of the study are that Russian philosophy, unlike psychoanalysis, which belittles the nature of the unconscious and of man himself, extrapolates the problem of the unconscious to the metaphysical realm of being, supposing a transcendental nature in this phenomenon. Not denying, on the whole, the presence of the unconscious in the elementary acts of humankind, Russian philosophers see the basis of many mental, behavioural, and active processes as the Divine principle, which is the creator of the internal unconscious motivators of the moral and spiritual emanations of the individual.