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Book Reviews : Marxism: For and Against. By ROBERT L. HEILBRONER. (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1980. Pp. 186. $9.95.)

In spite of such difficulties, the aggregate analysis in the Blechman-Kaplan volume usefully supplements the case histories. Read back-to-back, the two encyclopedic volumes overwhelm postVietnam assertions about the powerlessness of force, the greater reliance on economic instruments of foreign policy, and the greater relevance of ecological threats to national security. These seem to be aspirations rather than empirically verified generalizations. The events and changes since publication, e.g., the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the Reagan politicalmilitary decisions, are not, regrettably, leading us in the direction of demilitarized foreign policies. Let us hope one tendency from the past will not change: both superpowers must of necessity continue to be guided in their final calculations about force and war by their supreme interest in and international responsibility for the avoidance of nuclear war.