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In vivo recombination of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA.

LIGATION AND RECOMBINATION OF THE DNA OF CAULIFLOWER MOSAIC VIRUS (CAMV) IS DEMONSTRATED BY THE FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTS: (i) Ligation: Different noninfectious fragments of the CaMV genome (obtained after insertion into plasmid pBR322 followed by enzymatic excision) regained infectivity when mixtures of them were used to inoculate their host. The symptom appearance was delayed by comparison with a typical CaMV infection, and only the newly formed leaves were affected. (ii) Recombination: Pairs of noninfectious recombinant full-length CaMV genomes (integrated into pBR322 at different restriction endonuclease sites) regained infectivity upon simultaneous inoculation of a sensitive host. The symptomatology of the resulting infection was indistinguishable from that of a typical CaMV infection. We show that progeny DNA had the same characteristics (size, structure, restriction endonuclease digestion pattern) as bona fide CaMV DNA, and that the vector pBR322 had been completely eliminated. A cloned tandem dimer of CaMV DNA with a partial deletion similarly was infectious in the plant assays. This system should be useful to study the expression of mutant genomes, thus allowing characterization of the CaMV genes.