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Impact of Chemotherapy for AIDS‐Related Malignancies in Pediatric HIV Disease

Children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at increased risk of developing a malignancy. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and Kaposi’s sarcoma are the most common malignancies associated with AIDS. Treatment of these conditions requires chemotherapy to effect disease control or cure. Chemotherapy, however, has been associated with profound and repetitive periods of myelosuppression as well as with infectious complications, which may be poorly tolerated by patients with AIDS. There is a paucity of information regarding the impact of chemotherapy on HIV disease, particularly on viral replication and immunity. The literature in pediatric AIDS is limited to case reports or short case series. In general, these studies show poor response rates to chemotherapy and short survival times, which may indicate that chemotherapy has a profound deleterious effect on HIV disease.1–4