{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01858736059479554, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0055762081784386614, 'mean_word_length': 5.22543352601156, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Zinc oxide nanostructures: epitaxially growing from hexagonal zinc nanostructures

The epitaxial growth of ZnO nanosheets and nanoneedles from a Zn/ZnO core/shell structure is verified by an experiment in which the ZnO nanoneedles and nanosheets are synthesized in air within an ultra-low temperature range from 250 to 400 °C by thermal oxidation of Zn films made up of hexagonal nanodiscs or nanoprisms. The hexagonal Zn structures are oxidized to form a Zn/ZnO core/shell structure with an epitaxial relationship; ZnO nanoneedles and nanosheets are found to grow epitaxially from the ZnO shell, along sixfold symmetric directions, showing the same lattice orientation as the Zn core. The stability difference among different facets of hexagonal Zn crystal structures plays a key role in the formation of ZnO nanosheets, nanoneedles and the Zn/ZnO core/shell structure, as well as ZnO hollow structures. A vapor–solid mechanism is suggested to explain the epitaxial growth process of the ZnO products. Photoluminescence properties of the ZnO nanostructures are also explored.