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The Influence of WhatsApp Social Media on the Dissemination of Learning Information

Learning information needs to be considered to make learning activities more effective to achieve the goals of learning. One of the frequent obstacles to the reporting of learning activities is limited communication space, which causes communication errors in disseminating learning information. WhatsApp is one of the social media platforms which can be used to learn information. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of WhatsApp on the dissemination of learning information in the Communication Studies Program of the State University of Jakarta. This research uses new media theory and information theory. The method of data collection in this research is a survey with a questionnaire. The population for this study comprised 82 students of the Jakarta State University Communication Study Program class of 2019. The number of samples was calculated using the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 10% to 45 people. The sampling technique used simple random sampling, while the data analysis used statistical analysis. The results of this study indicate that the calculated f value is 36.552 with a significance value of 0.000. Thus. it can be seen that the variable x (the social media WhatsApp) affects the variable y (the dissemination of learning information). Hence, it can be denied that WhatsApp social media affects the dissemination of learning information.

In the communication category, the social media application that is most in demand by the public is the Whatsapp messenger, which has been downloaded by 5 billion people. The use of WhatsApp as an online medium in the world of education has been increasing every year, along with the increasing demand from lecturers and students to interact with a person or group of people who are physically distant. WhatsApp is available on smartphones that are used as a medium of communication. Meanwhile, the WhatsApp application can be downloaded for free via the Playstore. Using WhatsApp which is connected to an internet connection, students can easily communicate non-stop which allows them to send text messages, pictures to videos. Even though it is an instant messaging application, there is something unique about WhatsApp, namely the contact recognition system, verification, and sending of messages that are still carried out via a registered mobile number (Afnibar, 2020).
The WhatsApp application can have conversations via the chat menu, can copy, delete, or forward messages. Sent images can be forwarded. In addition, it can also send voice messages and share the user's location. It also provides a group chat feature, where users can collect several contacts to create a group chat (Narti, 2017).
In the KIC survey in the "Indonesia Digital Literacy Status 2020" the WhatsApp application is owned by 98.9% of respondents. WhatsApp social media is the favorite social media for the Indonesian people. In 2020, the number of monthly active users of WhatsApp will reach 2 billion users (Katadata, 2020). This research focuses on WhatsApp social media because WhatsApp is one of the most popular social media and is in demand by the public. WhatsApp is a social media application created to make it easier for users to communicate through various features provided by WhatsApp. The features provided by the WhatsApp application include group chat, WhatsApp web, voice, and video calls, sending photos and videos, voice messages, and documents. WhatsApp social media provides a variety of features that can make it easier for users as well as useful for users, one of which is in the field of education. WhatsApp social media can be used as a communication tool or space in disseminating learning information. The features provided by WhatsApp include group chats that can be used by lecturers and students to communicate and discuss learning. In addition, the document feature provided by WhatsApp can be used by lecturers or students to share assignments in the form of PDF or PPT words needed for learning activities.
Information is a fact or anything that can be used as input in producing information. Meanwhile, data is raw material. Data is an input which, after being processed, changes its shape into an output which is called information. Information is several data that has been processed through data processing to test the level of accuracy and achievement according to need. Three important things must be considered from information, namely: information is the result of data processing, provides meaning, and is useful. There are four characteristics of quality information, namely (DK Rusman, 2013).
Learning is one of the factors that influence and play an important role in shaping personal and individual behavior. Most of the  (2020) individual development takes place through learning activities. The media is a tool that has the function to convey messages. In learning, the media plays an important role in achieving the goal of learning. The dissemination of learning information will be more efficient if it uses the media, namely WhatsApp social media (Sartika, 2018). A previous research on the same issue was conducted by Yuyun Linda Wahyuni of UIN Sunan Kalijaga with the title of the effectiveness of communication through the WhatsApp application, the study of the 2012 KPI teachers on WhatsApp for the 2019 class of KPI students. This study aims to determine the value and intensity of using the WhatsApp application, the language of communication used, and satisfaction among students in discussions in the KPI 2012 group on the WhatsApp application. The results of his research indicate that there is satisfaction in using the WhatsApp application for socializing, especially in the 2012 KPI group which is characterized by effective communication (Y. L. Wahyuni, 2019).
A similar research was also previously conducted by Nur Lia Pangestika in 2018 with the title of the influence of the use of WhatsApp social media on the dissemination of learning information at SMA Negeri 5 Depok. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of WhatsApp social media on the dissemination of learning information at SMA Negeri 5 Depok. The results of this study indicate that WhatsApp social media affects the dissemination of learning information (Pangestika, 2018).
A research on a similar issue was also previously carried out by Wiji Lestari in 2021 with the title of using WhatsApp as an online learning medium during the Covid-19 pandemic in grade VI elementary schools. This study aims to describe the use of WhatsApp as a learning medium in the Covid-19 pandemic network in class VI B SDN 131/IV Jambi City. The results show that the teacher has used WhatsApp as a learning medium in supporting learning activities in online networks by utilizing various available features such as photo, video, document, and video call features (Lestari, 2021).
A previous research on the same issue was also conducted by Nadia Wahyuni in 2018 with the title research on the role of using WhatsApp groups in the teaching and learning process at SMK Negeri 2 Banjarmasin. From this research, it is to determine whether or not the use of social media as supporting media is effective in the teaching and learning process. The results of this study indicate that WhatsApp has features that support being a supporting media in the teaching and learning process, WhatsApp also helps facilitate the work of teachers who do not enter class when some external assignments or meetings cannot be left behind, incoming students can also send assignments via WhatsApp. to the teacher concerned (N. Wahyuni, 2018).
A similar research was also previously carried out by Nurhayati in 2019 with the title of research on the effectiveness of using social media WhatsApp in delivering da'wah (propagation) messages to teenagers in Seritanjung village. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of WhatsApp social media among Seritanjung teenagers, explain the da'wah messages conveyed through WhatsApp social media by Seritanjung youths, and explain the effectiveness of using WhatsApp social media in delivering da'wah messages to teenagers in Seritanjung village. The results of this study indicate that WhatsApp application users consider this application to be quite necessary for smartphone owners. And almost everyone already has WhatsApp, including teenagers, mothers, and fathers. Da'wah messages are delivered by WhatsApp social media users. Respondents expressed religion-related messages which can increase a knowledge of religion (Nurhayati, 2019).
In contrast to previous studies, this study aims to find out whether WhatsApp social media has an influence on the dissemination of learning information in the Communication Studies Program at the State University of Jakarta.
The theory used in this research is new media theory and information processing theory. The new media theory was put forward by Mark Poster, who argued that interactive technology and network communication, especially the virtual world, would change society. This theory, explains that the new media era is described by decentralization, twoway communication, beyond the control of the situation, is democratizing, raising individual awareness, and individual orientation. Whereas in information processing theory put forward by Gagne, the content considers that the environment has an important role in learning. The basic assumption of this theory is that learning is an important factor in the development, and development is the cumulative result of the learning process. This theory explains that in learning activities, information processing will differ from one individual to another (Pangestika, 2018).
Communication between lecturers and students is carried out through the WhatsApp group and its members are lecturers from the Jakarta State University Communication Studies Program and students of class 2019. Information disseminated is usually in the form of announcements of learning activities, competitions, etc.
Even though there is a WhatsApp group chat formed by lecturers, students also have their groups whose members are students in one class or the entire batch. Student group chat is more widely used because it is used to disseminate information related to learning and non-learning activities. For learning activities, students discuss learning activities such as assignments. Whereas, for non-learning activities, students discuss class events, scholarship information, and ask questions about the information that is not understood or is understood.
Communication and dissemination of information regarding learning activities have been carried out using the WhatsApp social media. However, several communication obstacles occur when students cannot use WhatsApp social media due to poor signals or students do not actively get involved in discussion. Consequently, they have difficulties getting information related to learning activities and the discussion is less than optimal. Therefore, sometimes there is miscommunication between lecturers and students and between students and students regarding learning information. Of course, this makes the dissemination of learning information less optimal even though you have used WhatsApp social media as a space to communicate in disseminating learning information.
In this study, researchers chose the Jakarta State University Communication Studies Program as the object of research because it still has several obstacles in disseminating learning information even though it has used WhatsApp social media. Therefore, researchers have an interest in conducting a research with the title of the Influence of WhatsApp Social Media on the Dissemination of Learning Information at the Jakarta State University Communication Studies Program. Based on this background, the formulation of the problem in this study is whether there is an effect of WhatsApp social media on the dissemination of learning information and based on the problem formulation above, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of WhatsApp social media on the dissemination of learning information in the Communication Studies Program of the State University of Jakarta.

Theoretical Framework
According to Baran and Davis, the presence of new media has offered a "largescale communication behavior" for researchers to study uses and gratifications for at least three reasons. First, connectedness. Connections in new media "significantly reinforce the core understanding (uses and gratifications) of active users. This is because connectedness in mass communication has long been considered the 'degree to which participants in the communication process have control, and can change roles in their discourse mutually (William, Rice, and Rogers, 1988 as quoted by Baran and Davis, 2010). Second, demassification, namely "the ability of media users to choose from multiple menus". This is because new media provide selective characteristics that allow individuals to tailor messages to their needs. Third, asynchronicity, namely that the message is mediated and that the sender and receiver can send messages at different times, but can still interact comfortably. This means that the individual can send, receive, store, and get messages when he wants (Rianto, 2016).
There is also an understanding of new media according to Flew (2005) in Simarmata (2014): New media is all forms of media that combine three C elements, namely: computing and information technology (IT), communication networks, and convergence (digitalized media and information content). new, which can also be called digital media, has characteristics in which information becomes easy to manipulate, networked, dense, easily minimized, and seems to have no owner (Simarmata, 2014 (Ananda, 2021).
In Izzati & Irma (2018) citing Solomon (2011), the theory of new media has two views put forward by Pierre Levy, namely: (1) The view of social interaction, which distinguishes media according to its closeness to face-to-face interactions. Pierre Levy views the World Wide Web (WWW) as an open, flexible and dynamic information environment, which enables humans to develop new knowledge orientations and also engage in a democratic world of more interactive and community-based mutual sharing and empowerment; (2) The view of social integration, which is a picture of the media, is not in the form of information, interaction, or dissemination, but in the form of rituals, or how humans use media as a way of creating society. The media are not just an informational instrument or a means of achieving self-interest, but they unite us in several forms of society and give us a sense of belonging (Izzati & Irma, 2018).
From some of the explanations above, it can be concluded that in new media, the public has the authority to construct texts and make use of the medium. The new media also gives the audience the flexibility to transform itself to take advantage of other audiences. The flexibility of using social media is not limited by social, economic, and political status in society. Social media can transmit messages to audiences or other social media users because of the support of communication technology that can be reached by a wider and faster audience. Social networking takes all forms of networking media on the Internet to create virtual community networks, such as Facebook and Twitter. This opportunity on social networking is seen in the context of new media. This means that social media is a form of New Media. In a political context, new media is mostly implemented outside of homepages or websites and e-mail to form network media. These networks or social media have a political character because they can unite users virtually as organizations in real life.
Knowledge or information that is processed and interpreted in working memory is stored in long-term memory in the form of hierarchical regular schemes.
The understanding stage of processing information in working memory focuses on how new knowledge is modified. Understanding is influenced by the interpretation of the stimulus. Stimulus factors are characteristics of message design elements such as size, illustration, text, animation, narration, color, music, and video.
The author tries to study the Information Processing Theory according to the expert. Then the author finds understanding according to Gagne (1988) in Rehalat (2014) "Information Processing Learning Theory" is a description or model of activities in the human brain when processing information. Therefore, this learning theory is also called the Information-Processing Model by Lefrancois or the Information Processing Model. According to Gagne, there is a process of receiving information in learning, which is then processed to produce output in the form of learning outcomes. In information processing, there is an interaction between internal conditions and individual external conditions. Internal conditions are the conditions in the individual that are needed to achieve learning outcomes and cognitive processes that occur within the individual. Whereas external conditions are stimuli from the environment that affect individuals in the learning process (Rehalat, 2016).
Putra (2014) in Nurhayati (2020) states that information processing theory has three main components, namely information storage component, cognitive process component, and control process component. The three components work complementary. The three main components are as follows: Information storage components are places where information is stored. The components of information storage that work when processing information are sensory registers, short term memory, and long term memory, Cognitive process components are components that work when information processing occurs. The components of the cognitive process consist of attention, perception, retrieval, rehearsal, and encoding, the main function of the control process components is to determine the specific information process required to perform a task. In other words, they determine the approach of an individual for one or more (Nurhayati et al., 2020).
In communication, the interaction between participants is an important aspect so that the reserves of the meaning of the people involved in the communication process are always updated, which then enriches human knowledge. We need this renewed knowledge to interpret various objects "correctly". This ability is especially important in the context of intercultural communication so that misunderstandings can be avoided.

Material and Methodology
Methods This research uses a positivist paradigm with a quantitative approach. The method used in this research is a survey method that uses a questionnaire as an instrument in studying data. The survey design provides a quantitative description of a population's trends, attitudes, opinions, and opinions, or tests to connect between population variables, by studying the population sample (Creswell & Creswell, 2018).
The population used in this study were students of the Communication Science Study Program at the State University of Jakarta, batch 2019. According to Sugiyono in his book suggests the population are: "The generalization area which consists of objects/subjects that have quality and certain characteristics defined by research to be studied and then withdrawn conclusion" (Sugiyono, 2016). The sample used in this study was probability sampling with the type of simple random sampling. The formula used in this study is to see the number of samples, namely 45 people from the Communication Studies Program of the State University of Jakarta. The scale used in this study is a measurement scale with a range of 1-4.

Result and Discussion
Result and discussion of your manuscript also interconnected with your theory that is used, included novelty of your manuscript about communication. The minimum of your explanation on this chapter is in the range of 40% to 50% of your manuscript. Validity implies honesty which refers to matching constructs, or conceptual definitions, to a specific measure. Validity tells us how well ideas about social reality "fit" into real, empirical reality. The absence of validity indicates a poor fit between the constructs used to describe, theorize, or analyze the social world and what is happening in the real social world (Neuman, 2014). Kaiser Meyer Okin (KMO) is an indicator that can be used to check or analyze suitability. The highest value, which is between 0.5 and 1.0, indicates that the analysis of a factor is appropriate. Meanwhile, a value that is below 0.5 means that the analysis of a factor may not be appropriate (Malhotra, 2010).
In table 1, it can be seen that the KMO value of the x variable is 0.542 greater than 0.5 so that the WhatsApp social media variable is valid. In table 2, it can be seen that the KMO result for the y variable is 0.654 greater than 0.5 so that the learning information distribution variable is valid. Reliability means dependability or consistency. Reliability shows the same repeatable and stable results under identical or similar conditions. The opposite of a reliable measure produces erratic, unstable, or inconsistent results (Neuman, 2014).
Cronbach's alpha is the average result of all possible coefficients obtained in various ways when separating scale items, these coefficients vary starting from zero to 1, and a score of 0.6 or less, which generally indicates insufficient consistency of internal reliability (Malhotra, 2010). In table 3, it can be seen that the reliability results of Cronbach's alpha variable X 0.658 is greater than 0.6, so it can be concluded that the WhatsApp social media variable is reliable. In table 4 it can be seen that the Y variable has a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.675 greater than 0.6 so that the variable of disseminating learning information is reliable. According to Muhidin and Abdurahman, the purpose of regression analysis is to determine the relationship between the two variables, especially it is used to determine the pattern of the relationship and to find out variations in the independent variables that affect the dependent variable and the dependent variable which is influenced by the independent variable. In table 5, the variable X which is the WhatsApp social media influences the Y variable, namely the distribution of learning information which can be seen from the calculated f value of 36,552 and the significance value of 0,000 which is less than 0.005.   In table 9, there are 45 people or 100% who agree that Jakarta State University supports smartphone ownership to use the WhatsApp social media application. According to Harisa Ninda, Jakarta State University supports smartphone ownership to use the WhatsApp social media application, because learning is currently conducted online towards an independent campus curriculum so that the University should support digitization including the use of the WhatsApp social media application.

Conclusions
Based on the analysis of the research results, it can be concluded that WhatsApp social media influences the dissemination of learning information in the Communication Studies Program of the State University of Jakarta. Some of the WhatsApp features that are usually used for learning information messages are group chat, text, voice messages, documents, photos, and videos. The use of WhatsApp social media in the Jakarta State University Communication Studies Program to communicate with lecturers and between students, provide information about each learning activity, and ask questions about learning activities. However, there are several problems when using WhatsApp in learning information such as communication errors due to several things such as students who are passive when discussing and misinterpreting information. Based on table 5, the calculated F value is 36.552 with a significance value of 0.000, so it can be seen that the X variable, namely WhatsApp social media, affects the Y variable, namely the dissemination of learning information.
Academically useful research results assist and develop the study of communication science, especially in the field of social media regarding the dissemination of learning information. In addition, this research is practically useful for communicating news, especially in the field of social media WhatsApp on the dissemination of learning information.