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Between Empowerment and Control : A State Intervention into Participation in Adult Education in Finland

In 2003 the Finnish government started a new national program called Noste (Finnish Adult Education and Training Initiative) aimed at raising the educational level of adults thirty to fifty-nine years of age who have not completed their secondary education. The program is projected to run to 2007. Its stated objective is “to improve the employment and career development of those who have at most primary-level education, to alleviate the shortage of workforce caused by the retirement of ‘baby boomers,’ and to have an effect on the level of employment.” This article discusses the Noste program as a state intervention into adult education in the particular context of a changing Nordic welfare state. The Noste program was initiated as a result of a number of important factors. First, from a comparative perspective, while rates of participation in adult education and functional literacy in Finland are high, differences in participation by social class, initial education, and age are greater there than in other Nordic countries and slightly higher than the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) av-