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Development of an optimized pedal path by using Functional Electrical Stimulation

The aim of this study was to develop a special optimized pedal path to be used on an exercise-tricycle for paraplegics. Cycling as a means for training with Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) for paraplegics has been studied by various authors. Threeand four-wheeled cycles have been developed (Mayr, 1992; Petrofsky et al., 1983; Petrofsky & Smith, 1992). The stimulation patterns for the stimulated leg muscles have been optimized in various ways (Gföhler et al., 1998). Theoretical investigations have been carried out to optimize the geometrical position of rider and crank axis (Schutte et al., 1993). However all these investigations have one thing in common: they assume a standard bicycle drive-unit with a circular pedal path. Angeli (1996) proved that the circular pedal path is not optimal for pedaling for healthy persons. The average power output can be raised using different optimized paths. As paraplegics with FES only use a very limited number of muscles/muscle groups for the development of active force (mostly 3 or 4 ) it seems even more likely that different pedal paths will contribute to raise the average drive power.