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Is Cancer Still the Villain, Even during COVID 19 Outbreak?

Background :Anxiety and depression are two common psychiatric conditions 
encountered in cancer treatment. Prevalence rate and risk factors show wide variations 
in different countries and the environment. COVID 19 outbreak has increased psychological 
disorders in general public and health workers. Whether this pandemic has increased 
the psychiatric morbidity in cancer patients needs to be addressed for planning strategies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department 
of Radiation Oncology, a tertiary cancer centre in the state of Kerala, India. The 
aim was to assess hospital prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression 
among cancer patients during COVID 19 pandemic. Patients on treatment for cancer 
and willing for the study were recruited. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 
(HADS), a self-assessment 
valid tool for screening both anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) are used. 
HADS-A & D were calculated 
separately & categorized as normal, borderline and abnormal with a score of 
0 - 7, 8 - 10 & 11 - 21 respectively. 
Separate structured questionnaire for COVID19 related questions and patient master 
file for patient & treatment 
characteristics were used in risk assessment. Data were entered in an Excel sheet 
and SPSS version 22 for statistical analysis. Findings: 208 patients were included in this study. The overall 
prevalence rate of anxiety was 7.2%, with borderline cases 4.3% and abnormal cases 2.9%. The 
overall prevalence of the rate of depression was 5.3% (3.4% borderline & 1.9% abnormal). 
Risk factors like age, sex, socioeconomic status, primary site, stage of the disease 
and default of disease had no statistical significance. Interpretation: The prevalence rate of anxiety and depression among cancer 
patients in this study is one among the lowest ever reported. COVID 19 outbreak 
has not brought any impact in the rate of psychological distress in our patients 
and the low rate may be due to the robust medical care including mental health interventions 
and reassurance by the Government.