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Analytic study of the Tadoma method: effects of hand position on segmental speech perception.

In the Tadoma method of communication, deaf-blind individuals receive speech by placing a hand on the face and neck of the talker and monitoring actions associated with speech production. Previous research has documented the speech perception, speech production, and linguistic abilities of highly experienced users of the Tadoma method. The current study was performed to gain further insight into the cues involved in the perception of speech segments through Tadoma. Small-set segmental identification experiments were conducted in which the subjects' access to various types of articulatory information was systematically varied by imposing limitations on the contact of the hand with the face. Results obtained on 3 deaf-blind, highly experienced users of Tadoma were examined in terms of percent-correct scores, information transfer, and reception of speech features for each of sixteen experimental conditions. The results were generally consistent with expectations based on the speech cues assumed to be available in the various hand positions.