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Tutorial on Basic Link Budget Analysis

Advances in the state-of-the-art have made wireless technology a more compelling solution for many consumer applications. This poses a problem to many practicing engineers and technology managers who are unfamiliar with the relevant concepts and terminology. To add to the confusion, FCC regulations require the use of Spread Spectrum techniques for most applications in the unlicensed bands. This paper is intended to provide the basic concepts necessary to perform a top level analysis of a wireless link. In addition, other terms and concepts are briefly described with should help in understanding some of the system design issues, including a brief description of Spread Spectrum techniques. Two examples are given which demonstrate the influence of range, data rate, and modulation technique on the radio requirements.