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Interaction of S-Nitrosoglutathione with Methemoglobin Under Conditions of Modeling Carbonyl Stress

The Maillard reaction is the key process in protein modification during pathologies connected with carbonyl stress. It was shown in system modeling that Maillard reaction interaction of L-lysine (L-lys) with methylglyoxal (MG) led to the formation of compounds reducing methemoglobin (metHb). Under the above conditions and in the presence of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), metHb nitrosylation took place. Processes of metHb reduction and nitrosylation had the lag phase that was dependent on the presence of oxygen (O2) in the reaction mixture. Oxygen interacting with organic free radicals of the Maillard reaction inhibited hemoglobin (Hb) reduction and hence Hb nitrosylation during the first minutes of the reaction. It was also shown that the yield of organic free-radical intermediates of the L-lys with MG was increased in the presence of GSNO and metHb. All effects described could be a result of the formation of active red-ox GSNO derivates in the Maillard reaction. These derivates are probably mediators of one-electron oxidation of dialkylimine by MG. Anion radicals of S-nitrosothiols can function as such mediators.