{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.027247956403269755, 'fraction_numerical': 0.012534059945504087, 'mean_word_length': 5.1404682274247495, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
An analysis of selected risk factors of osteoporosis – dietary patterns and physical activity – in pubescent girls from the Lubelskie province

INTRODUCTION
Peak bone mass is modulated by intrinsic (genetic) and extrinsic factors, such as diet, physical activity, stimulants and medications. Approximately 80-85% of peak bone mass is achieved during puberty.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to analyze selected risk factors for osteoporosis, specifically diet and physical activity, in 10- to 15-year-old girls.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study included 461 girls from Eastern Poland (Lublin Province). Diet of the study subjects was determined with a 24-h dietary recall survey. Dietary intake of energy and selected nutrients was calculated using Dieta 5.0 software. The analysis included intake of energy, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, vitamins A, D and C. Physical activity of the study subjects was assessed by means of a diagnostic survey. Statistical analysis included determining mean dietary intakes of analyzed nutrients, as well as their deviations from the intakes recommended for a given age group (10-12 and 13-15 years of age). Associations between diet and physical activity levels were tested with multivariate models of logistic regression, and their statistical significance was verified with Wald test.


RESULTS
The study documented insufficient intake of energy, excessive intake of protein and sodium, as well as calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D deficiency. Most surveyed girls declared moderate level of physical activity.


CONCLUSIONS
Dietary inadequacies observed in the studied girls may lead to inappropriate bone mineralization and as a result, contribute to development of osteoporosis in future. No evident relationships were found between diet and physical activity level.