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Lack of role of TGF-beta 1 in decreased lymphoproliferative response in HIV-1 infection.

We investigated whether reduction of the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferative response of lymphocytes from HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected (HIV+) individuals could be explained by overproduction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), a strong inhibitor of T cell proliferation. PHA-stimulated PBMC from 40 HIV- and 42 HIV+ homosexual men from the Baltimore Center of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were studied using Northern blot analysis of expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA and determining the effects of anti-TGF-beta 1 neutralizing antibody on PHA-induced proliferative responses. Compared to the HIV- donors, HIV+ donors did not show increased expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA in unstimulated or PHA-stimulated PBMC. Furthermore, a neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta 1 did not reverse the decreased proliferative response of PBMC from HIV+ individuals to PHA or interleukin-2. These results indicate that TGF-beta 1 is not involved in T cell proliferation defects seen in HIV+ donors.