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Smart strategies for doctors and doctors‐in‐training: heuristics in medicine

Context  How do doctors make sound decisions when confronted with probabilistic data, time pressures and a heavy workload? One theory that has been embraced by many researchers is based on optimisation, which emphasises the need to integrate all information in order to arrive at sound decisions. This notion makes heuristics, which use less than complete information, appear as second‐best strategies. In this article, we challenge this pessimistic view of heuristics.