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Systematic study of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions stabilized by polymer amphiphiles.

Perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions, droplets of fluorous solvent stabilized by a surfactants dispersed in water, are simple yet versatile nanomaterials. The orthogonal nature of the fluorous phase promotes the formation of nanoemulsions through a simple, self-assembly process, while simultaneously encapsulating fluorous-tagged payloads for varied applications. The size, stability, and surface chemistry of PFC nanoemulsions are controlled by the surfactant. Here we systematically study the effect of the hydrophilic portion of polymer surfactants on PFC nanoemulsions. We find the hydrophilic block length and identity, the overall polymer hydrophilic: lipophilic balance (HLB) and the polymer architecture are all important factors. The ability to modulate these parameters enables initial size, stability, payload retention, cellular endocytosis, and protein adsorption of PFC nanoemulsions to be controlled. With the insight obtained from this systematic study of polymer amphiphiles stabilizing PFC nanoemulsion, design features required for the optimal material are obtained.