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Avian Influenza Surveillance in Nomadic Duck Flocks in Subang Indonesia

A surveillance were conducted to to estimate the prevalence of HPAI in nomadic duck flocks, to investigate the potential role of nomadic duck to harbour and transmit HPAI, and to describe the movements of nomadic duck flocks into, within and out of the sub-district during rice harvesting periods. Surveillance was conducted in fifty duck flocks and took place over two time periods: from April until June 2010 (period I) and from November 2010 until January 2011 (period II). Duck flocks were sampled by taking tracheal swabs, cloacal swabs and blood samples. Swab samples were analyzed with a M-PCR and a H5 PCR, and serum samples were was analyzed for antibodies directed against Influenza A using an ELISA test and for antibodies against H5 antigen using a HI test. Surveillance showed that 15% during the first period and 6% during the second period had antibody titres against H5 antigen. MPCR test showed the positive result in 42% of the duck flocks in the first period and 60% in the second period. Movement of the duck flocks was confined within Subang District or to or from a neighbouring district and rarely moved to or from outside of West Java. A role of nomadic duck flocks in the epidemiology of HPAI cannot be confirmed. The presence of other Influenza A viruses in ducks is noteworthy although not totally unexpected and warrants further investigations.