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The effect of fluid dairy products on food intake, glycemic and appetite hormone responses in children (120.3)

Dairy intake has been linked to healthier body weight (BW) in children, but the effect of milk consumption on short‐term food intake (FI) has not been explored in this group. We examined the effect of milk compared to other commonly consumed drinks on subjective appetite (SA), FI, glycemia and appetite hormones (AH) in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OWOB) children in two experiments. Exp. 1 compared the effects of pre‐meal and within meal consumption of isocaloric (130 kcal) and isovolumetric (250 mL) drinks of 2% milk, 1% chocolate milk (CM), 1.5% yogurt drink (YD), fruit punch (FP) and water on SA and FI at a pizza meal given 60 min later in NW and OWOB children. In all children, FI was 13 and 9% lower after CM and YD, respectively (P < 0.01), than water. Post‐meal SA was lower after milk than YD (P < 0.01). Exp. 2 compared the effects of pre‐meal and within meal consumption of milk and FP on SA, FI 60 min later, glucose and AH responses in NW and OWOB children. Pre‐meal SA increased and post‐meal SA decreased more after milk than FP (P < 0.05). Meal‐time FI and glucose and insulin AUCs were similar after the drinks and not affected by BW, but AH responses were altered. GLP‐1 AUC was higher after milk than FP and in OWOB compared to NW children (P < 0.03). The post‐prandial drop in ghrelin was greater after milk than FP in OWOB children (‐24 vs. ‐14%, P = 0.06), but similar in NW children after both drinks (‐12 vs. ‐16%, P = 0.58). Thus, pre‐meal and within meal milk consumption stimulates GLP‐1 and leads to greater ghrelin suppression in OWOB children, with no effect on FI.