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CCR5 Expression and β-Chemokine Production During Placental Neonatal Monocyte Differentiation

The stage of maturation of monocytes affects their susceptibility to HIV infection. The β-chemokines and their receptor CCR5 play a crucial role in inflammatory reactions and HIV infection. We therefore examined the correlation between the expression of CCR5 and β-chemokine production and the susceptibility to HIV infection during cord monocyte (CM) differentiation into macrophages. CM and CM-derived macrophages (CMDM) were examined for β-chemokine and CCR5 expression. The susceptibility of the CM cultured in vitro at different time points to HIV infection was also determined. Although the levels of CCR5 mRNA expression in freshly isolated CM are comparable to those in CMDM, CM had significantly lower levels of CCR5 protein on the cell surface than CMDM did. Steady increase of CCR5 protein expression on the cell surface was observed during CM differentiation into macrophages. The CCR5 expression correlated with the increased susceptibility to HIV infection by CMDM. Although there was no significant difference in endogenous β-chemokine production between CM and CMDM, HIV infection of CMDM significantly enhanced production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and -1β. CCR5 receptor plays a critical role in HIV infection of neonatal blood monocyte/macrophages.