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Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients with haemophilia: a review of the literature

Summary.  Chronic hepatitis C is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in haemophilia patients. In contrast to studies in the general population, the studies of antiviral therapy in haemophilia patients are limited and often include small numbers of patients. A review of the literature was performed to assess the efficacy of interferon (IFN)‐based therapy for patients with haemophilia chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Studies were identified by electronic searches (Medline, Embase) and hand searches in references of key articles. Data of the included studies were pooled, and responses to therapy were stratified according to treatment regimen, HIV co‐infection status, and treatment history. The main outcome was a sustained virological response (SVR) defined as absence of HCV RNA both at the end of treatment and 24‐week post‐treatment. Thirty‐five studies were identified that included 1151 patients. After pooling the data of included patients, the SVR in HIV‐negative treatment naïve patients was 22% for IFN monotherapy, 43% for IFN and ribavirin, and 57% for pegylated IFN and ribavirin, respectively. Re‐treatment with IFN and ribavirin of those who failed to respond to previous IFN monotherapy was successful in 33%. In HCV/HIV‐coinfected patients, response to IFN monotherapy was 8% and to IFN combined with ribavirin 39%. Responses to IFN‐based therapy in patients with haemophilia have been improved over time and are nowadays approximately 50–60%. However, data on haemophilic HCV/HIV‐coinfected patients and in patients who failed to respond to previous therapy are limited and future studies in these specific patient population are necessary.