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LGBTQ + and autism spectrum disorder: Experiences and challenges.

Background: Research focused on gender identity, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the experiences of those who identify as LGBTQ+, remains minimal. Initial findings have indicated that those on the autism spectrum may be more likely to identify as homosexual and experience more fluid gender identity. Insufficient consideration has been given to intersectionality around a disability status and gender identity, and few have focused this conversation specifically on the experiences of those with ASD. Aim: The aim of this study was to improve current understanding of the first-hand experiences of those on the autism spectrum who identify as LGBTQ+, particularly regarding challenges stemming from these dual identities. Method: A focus group was conducted with four participants with ASD who presented with a range of gender identities (as they defined them) including male, transgender; agender/nonbinary; agender; and queer. Results: Qualitative analysis of the focus group transcription identified key themes: (1) Effect of Dual Identities: experiencing dual identities, autism spectrum, and LGBTQ+; (2) Multiple Minority Stressors: challenges experienced by the participants, the impact of discrimination/misunderstanding, and holding minority statuses; (3) Isolation: barriers caused by lack of understanding; (4) Lack of Service Provision. Discussion: These preliminary findings underline the need for better support, understanding, and practices regarding sexuality and gender identity among those on the autism spectrum. The current study is important for giving voice to adults on the autism spectrum who identify as LGBTQ+, and has implications for the disability community more broadly.