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[Relation of echogenicity to the angle of incidence on musculature and tendon tissue].

Echogenic structures of the locomotor system are demonstrated with many or few echoes, depending on the angle at which ultrasound waves strike them. This causes a graduation in the demonstration of arcuate tendons in different planes, from dense to sparse echoes (the former in the case of portions perpendicular to the angle of incidence of the ultrasound waves, the latter in the case of portions which the waves strike at a slanting angle). This phenomenon occurs with arcuate tendons and is known as the "deflection phenomenon." It must be taken into account when assessing structural changes in tendons in order to avoid misinterpretations. Similar conditions are found in the muscles. They are important in those groups of muscles which pass over major joints with changed courses or manifest pronounced pinnation with different courses of their septa. In the musculature, failure to take this phenomenon into account causes changes in echogenicity to be misinterpreted as ruptures or partial ruptures.