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Crash Hazard Comparison between Rural and Urban Road Segments Based on GIS and Logistic Regression Technology

Traffic safety in rural and urban areas is a serious public issue worldwide. In this paper, the weighted hazard index (WHI) was adopted to describe risk distributions in rural and urban areas. At the beginning, the WHI analysis results were shown in the GIS-based maps and the visual display of the hazardous segments was illustrated by ArcGIS software, which would help policymakers to assume more targeted improvement measures. Then logistic regression is introduced to assess the difference of incidence of total crashes and incidence of the fatal/injure crashes between urban and rural areas. Based on the estimation results of logistic regression analysis, the ADT (average daily traffic) and length of segments have more evident impact on the two risk factors, namely the incidence of total crashes and incidence of fatal/injure crashes. Furthermore, the differences between rural and urban areas are obvious in total crashes and fatal/injure crashes and more specifically they are all lower in rural areas with other attributes being fixed.