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Cutting Edge: Analysis of Human Vα24+CD8+ NK T Cells Activated by α-Galactosylceramide-Pulsed Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Human Vα24+ NKT cells constitute a counterpart of mouse Vα14+ NKT cells, both of which use an invariant TCR-α chain. The human Vα24+ NKT cells as well as mouse Vα14+ NKT cells are activated by glycolipids in a CD1d-restricted manner and produce many immunomodulatory cytokines, possibly affecting the immune balance. In mice, it has been considered from extensive investigations that Vα14+CD8+ NKT cells that express invariant TCR do not exist. Here we introduce human Vα24+CD8+ NKT cells. These cells share important features of Vα24+ NKT cells in common, but in contrast to CD4−CD8− (double-negative) or CD4+ Vα24+ NKT cells, they do not produce IL-4. Our discovery may extend and deepen the research field of Vα24+ NKT cells as well as help to understand the mechanism of the immune balance-related diseases.