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Evidence for a Cadmium and Ozone Interaction on Populus Tremuloides

In many highly populated areas, such as New Jersey, trees are periodically exposed to elevated ozone (O3) levels during the growing season. More recently, evidence has been found for increased contamination of the environment by cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal which is emitted by various industrial processes, by vehicular traffic, and by the application of sewage sludge to agricultural and forest soils (Beavington 1975; Lagerwerff and Specht 1970; Sidle and Kardos 1977; Sommers 1977). Cadmium per se is also phytotoxic at certain concentrations (Page et al. 1972). Since two pollutants can act synergistically, as in the case of O3 and sulfur dioxide (Reinert ef al. 1975), we examined the possibility for an interaction between Cd and O3 on trees. Quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx., was chosen as the test plant because it is one of the most sensitive tree species to O3 (Kamosky 1976).