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A Comparative Study of Near Lateral Phoria of Young Adults Using the Von Graefe Technique and Maddox Wing

Near lateral phoria is common among individuals and can lead to visual problems. It could be in the form of exophoria or esophoria. This study was a clinical study carried out at the Department of Optometry Teaching Clinic, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria. An informed consent was gotten from all the subjects who were part of the study. The near lateral phoria was measured using the von Graefe technique and was repeated using the Maddox wing. A total of 60 subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 years were used for this study. Out of this number, 49 (81.67%) has exophoria, 6 (10.00%) had esophoria, and 5 (8.33%) had orthophoria. Results showed that using the von Graefe technique, the mean exophoria value was 5.67±2.77 and 4.37±2.89 with the Maddox wing. Also, the mean esophoria value was 1.33±0.82 with the von Graefe technique and 1.00±0.00 with the Maddox wing. Data analysis with the SPSS version 23 data output using the Paired sample T-test at 0.05 level of significance and 95% confidence interval showed that there was a significant difference in near lateral phoria values (P< 0.05) between the von Graefe technique and the Maddox wing method of measuring near lateral phorias among young adults. Further research among other age groups was recommended.

Keywords: Exophoria, Esophoria, Orthophoria, Heterophoria, Near lateral phoria.