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Late lethal hepatitis B virus reactivation after rituximab treatment of low‐grade cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma

The chimeric anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, is a promising treatment for cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas. Classically used in combination with a multiagent‐chemotherapy regimen, it can sometimes give excellent results alone. Because of its selective action on B lymphocytes, it is considered a moderate immunosuppressant in terms of infection. We describe a woman with relapsed cutaneous follicular centre B‐cell lymphoma and secondary lymph‐node involvement treated with rituximab alone, which induced a complete remission. One year later, she experienced a fatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation. Several such HBV reactivations were reported after combined rituximab and multiagent chemotherapy for B‐cell lymphomas. This is the first case of HBV reactivation occurring during the year following rituximab monotherapy in the absence of any other immunosuppressive factor.