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Orders in Stone: Social Reality and Artistic Approach. The Case of the Strasbourg South Portal

The portal of the south transept of Strasbourg cathedral provides the focus for a study of the assimilation and transformation of the pre-Rayonnant Gothic portal in the northern Holy Roman Empire. Strategies employed in portal's iconographic program-studied in conjunction with the sculptures of the contemporary Angels' Pillar in the south transept-are investigated in relation to function, audience, and local historical circumstances. Specifically the program is shown to combine eschatological and mariological elements, drawing on theological currents of the time, so as to emphasize ecclesiastical authority. It is demonstrated that the statue of Solomon in conjunction with triumphant Ecclesia and fallen Synagoga provided an appropriate stage for the ecclesiastical court that was held in front of the portal, especially in an era when heresy was aggressively combatted. Moreover the motif of the ultimate reconciliation of Ecclesia and Synagoga was fitting in the reign of the rex pacificus, Emperor Frederick II. The portal, it is here argued, might date as late as ca. 1235.