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A pupil plane technique for sensing and correcting large phase aberrations

Large deployable space telescopes like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) may have large errors after deployment that must be corrected in situ. One approach is to correct the errors successively. In this paper, we present a new approach to correct large phase aberrations during the coarse figuring stage of the initial alignment. Intensity data is obtained from multiple planes: pupil plane and additional planes in the nearfield of the pupil plane. The irradiance transport equation is used in a new manner used to estimate the phase aberrations at the pupil. The technique was demonstrated in the lab to estimate phase aberrations approaching 20 waves.