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Thin-Film Thermopile Matrix for Detecting Pulsed Radiation

A thin-film thermopile matrix is vacuum deposited on a glass substrate. Nickel and copper thin films are used for the two junction materials. A total of 400 junctions are deposited over an area 2.2 cm by 2.2 cm, corresponding to a junction density of 82 junctions/cm2. Half of these junctions are hot junctions and the other half are reference junctions. The reference junctions are shielded from the incoming pulsed radiation by a 0.05-cm-thick gold shield. All junction pairs are series connected so that the thermal emf's add. An output voltage of 0.1 mV per junction pair is obtained when the device is illuminated with a 1.5-msec pulse from a l-kV xenon flash tube. The output voltage from an individually wired, Chromel-constantan thermopile is 0.2 mV per junction pair when the thermopile is illuminated with an identical pulse.