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Process composition monitoring at microwave frequencies: a waveguide cutoff method and calibration procedure

A versatile and robust microwave instrument for measuring the composition of various mixtures of known constituents is presented. Measurement is achieved by examining the propagation cutoff characteristics of a section of waveguide that is typically comprised of a section of process piping that is filled with the material under test. A calibration method that is simple to implement for industrial applications is presented and described in detail. Data from several successful commercialized applications are included. The microwave cutoff method offers significant advantages over more traditional microwave-measurement techniques.