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A time‐calibrated phylogenetic approach to assessing the phylogeography, colonization history and phenotypic evolution of snakes in the Japanese Izu Islands

Aim  We infer the biogeography and colonization history of a dispersal‐limited terrestrial vertebrate, the Japanese four‐lined ratsnake (Elaphe quadrivirgata), to reveal the number of times mainland populations have invaded the Izu Archipelago of Japan, the mainland sources of these colonists, and the time‐scale of colonization. We compare these results with those of past studies in an attempt to uncover general biogeographical patterns. Moreover, we briefly examine the significance of colonization history when evaluating the evolution of body size and melanism of the Izu Island E. quadrivirgata populations.