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Athletic injuries of the shoulder.

Contusion or bruising with hemorrhage is the injury most often associated with direct trauma. Localized pain, tenderness, and swelling are always present in the area of the blow. Initial treatment (within 24 to 36 hours) consists of an immobilization pressure bandage with or without foam rubber over the area, and an ice pack to prevent further local hemorrhage. After the first 48 hours heat may be applied. Range of motion and muscle strengthening exercises are soon added. The athlete may return to competition after pain and tenderness have subsided and muscle strength and shoulder motion are normal. * Fellow, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.