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Measurement of Natural Radionuclides and Assessment of Radiation Hazard in Coal from Parts of China.

ABSTRACT
To study the content of radionuclides in coal and to assess its associated radiological impact on the environment for potential radiological risk assessment, a total of 40 coal samples were collected from various mining areas in eight provinces of China. The specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 210Pb, and 238U were measured in all samples using an HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer, and results were compared with available data from other similar studies. The results reveal that the radium equivalent activity was 74.20 Bq kg-1, external hazard index was 0.20, internal hazard index was 0.27, representative gamma index was 0.52, and indoor and outdoor annual effective dose rates were 0.16 nSv y-1 and 0.04 nSv y-1, respectively. Absorbed gamma dose rate in air was 32.87 nGy h-1. In general, these values are lower than the respective threshold limits recommended by UNSCEAR, and the radiation risk to the public is extremely small.