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Emerging treatments in neurogastroenterology: a multidisciplinary working group consensus statement on opioid‐induced constipation

Opioids are effective for acute and chronic pain conditions, but their use is associated with often difficult‐to‐manage constipation and other gastrointestinal (GI) effects due to effects on peripheral μ‐opioid receptors in the gut. The mechanism of opioid‐induced constipation (OIC) differs from that of functional constipation (FC), and OIC may not respond as well to most first‐line treatments for FC. The impact of OIC on quality of life (QoL) induces some patients to decrease or stop their opioid therapy to relieve or avoid constipation.