{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.031664964249233915, 'fraction_numerical': 0.006639427987742594, 'mean_word_length': 5.17981072555205, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Indian Agriculture and Agrarian Communities: Two Studies

Similar in focusing on change in agriculture and household economies in specific Indian ecologies, and in basing their characterizations on statistical analysis of household-level survey data, the two studies, Venkatesh B. Athreya, Goran Djurfeldt, and Staffan Lindberg's Barriers Broken: Production Relations and Agrarian Change in Tamil Nadu and Thomas S. Walker and James G. Ryan's Village and Household Economies in India's Semi-arid Tropics, differ in scale, time depth, and theoretical context. Athreya, Djurfeldt, and Lindberg conducted a survey of 367 households in six villages in two Union Parishads of Tiruchy District, Tamil Nadu, from August 1979 to June 1980 (p. 33). Their perspective is Marxist. Although their title suggests a focus on developmental breakthroughs more than "production relations," "barriers" is the least developed of three major themes. Far more prominent is an attempt to delineate rural classes, such that class conflicts could be a major predictor of social change. The third theme is an attempt to argue that class structure is "grounded in" ecology. The villages were selected to represent two distinct ecotypes: wet and dry. Wet means within the command area of the Kaveri River canal system. This system provides perennial irrigation to accommodate such water-demanding crops as rice, sugar, and bananas. Dry means outside this command area. The land is mainly rain fed, with millets as the major grains. This is complemented by some paddy land irrigated from tanks and, increasingly, by privately owned wells with pump sets. The survey instruments are not included but evidently focused on landholding, consumption, crop production, income, and employment. The class analysis starts from Lenin's Preliminary Draft Thesis on the Agrarian Question. Adding a concept of the "reproduction" of the peasant household taken in part from Chayanov, and rejecting the