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An Immunostimulation Theory of Tumor Development

The theory of immunosurveillance of neoplasia is so well established that its further discussion and demonstration risk becoming rather boring. Anyone with the temerity to question its overriding importance is likely to be the subject of discrete but possibly weE-deserved ridicule. In system after system, both in man and mouse, the evidence has accumulated until it often seems quite overwhelming. Furthermore, and most important, it is a theory in which we all passionately wish to believe. Because of this enthusiasm there is a danger that we will forget that every coin has two sides: it is unlikely that immunosurveillance will be an exception. Our purpose in this paper is to review the evidence suggesting that the action of the lymphoreticular system in relation to neoplasia may not always be an unalloyed blessing. In fact, there is room for suspicion that the activity of this system may at times facilitate neoplasia. If these suspicions should prove correct, it would not be the first time that the immune mechanism had proven to be both beneficial and harmful.