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Oedema prevention in physiotherapy practice using Kinesiology Taping

Prophylaxis against edema involves the removal of excess lymph fluid from a specific area of the body. The presence of lymph accumulation, is a sign of abnormalities in the functioning of the lymphatic system, which has lost the ability to properly transport lymph. Swelling otherwise known as lymphedema is among the chronic diseases that adversely affect the functioning of human systems. swelling by elevating the skin, thus increasing the surface area between the skin and fascia. This results in body fluids having more room to flow freely to the lymph nodes, and this reduces our swelling and lymph accumulation in the extremities.[2] The purpose of this paper is to show the use of Kinesiology Taping to reduce lymphedema. The paper is based on a review of articles in reputable journals from past years.

Lymphedema is one of the most common disorders of the lymphatic system. Its correct function is to drain lymph into the lymphatic vessels, and from there it travels to the lymph nodes. Its malfunction is the failure to drain the lymph into the lymphatic vessels or the lymph nodes. As a result of the abnormal lymph circulation, swelling usually occurs in the lower and upper extremities. The swelling at first appears to be painless, but over time it becomes hard thus reducing the functional capacity of the limbs. Over time, the skin and subcutaneous tissue can become infected, which can affect the formation of a cancer such as lymphosarcoma.
Increasingly, so-called dynamic Plastering is being used to assist and alleviate lymphedema.
Kinesiology Taping (KT) otherwise known as dynamic patching enables the reduction of 228 swelling by elevating the skin, thus increasing the surface area between the skin and fascia.
This results in body fluids having more room to flow freely to the lymph nodes, and this reduces our swelling and lymph accumulation in the extremities. [2] The purpose of this paper is to show the use of Kinesiology Taping to reduce lymphedema.
The paper is based on a review of articles in reputable journals from past years.

INTRODUCTION
Lymphedema is one of the chronic diseases due to chronic lymphatic stasis. Lymph fluid otherwise known as lymph, accumulates in the subcutaneous space causing inflammation.
Skin receptors sensitive and responsive to any inflammation, lead to fibrotic processes and impair local immunity. As a result, the consequences are visible disproportions in the circumference and weight of the limbs. There is also pathology in limb mobility due to existing fibrosis. There may also be disorders of the nervous system due to compression of nerves in the lower or upper extremities. The overall consequence is increased susceptibility to infection and difficulty in skin wound healing and healing.

MAIN PART
Basic physiotherapeutic prevention of edema should include: manual lymphatic drainage with copressive therapy using a compression sleeve or lymphatic drainage combined with Kinesiology Taping ( exactly lymphatic application). Such a combination of therapies aims to achieve the best possible results in further physiotherapy treatment. [6] 230 Agnieszka Lubinska and co-authors of the article "Kinesiotaping in the treatment of upper limb lymphedema in a patient after breast cancer surgery -a case study," published in The Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences, presents a patient who underwent lymphatic drainage and lymphatic applications using KT. The patient underwent comprehensive anti-edema therapy after right-sided breast-sparing surgery, which lasted 2 months. Nitto Denko patches from Japan were used for the therapy. The application was carried out by pre-cutting the tape to the length of the patient's upper limb. Then, after leaving 4cm of tape (the base), the rest was cut into 5 smaller strips. After the entire base piece (4cm) was applied, one by one the strips were glued using the spiral method, without tension, to the entire upper limb. The patient came weekly for two months for Kinesiology Tape applications, which she wore for 4-5 days. The swelling was measured twice using a centimeter. The first measurement of the perimeters was taken before the therapy began, and the second time the swelling was measured after the treatment. The results were divided into the areas that were measured ( metacarpal, wrist, half of the forearm, elbow and half of the shoulder).
After two months of treatment, the effects of reduced swelling were noted, and this was also supported by the results from the second upper limb circumference measurement. [1] Prusinowska A. and co-authors of the article "Use of the kinesiotaping method as an adjunct to the improvement program after knee endoprosthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis," When using the anti-edema method, K Active Tape patches from Japan were used. The sticking technique also starts by sticking a 4cm base, and then dividing the patch into 4 equal longitudinal parts about 1cm wide. The base is pasted without stretching, while, each part is pasted with stretching up to about 70%, in order to achieve less tension in the thigh muscles along with anti-edema therapy. Then, a few days after the operation, classical anti-edema therapy was applied with standard application of the patches without stretching. During the therapy, the effects of decreasing edema were noted.
From his observations on Kinesiology Tape patches, the author has a positive opinion.

SUMMARY
Lymphedema is a common problem, affecting as many as 5 out of 10 patients after various procedures, during the course of illness or as a result of other changes in the human body. It represents a pathology for the proper functioning of the body. It is estimated that its incidence in pregnant women is as high as 80%.
KTP Comprehensive Anti-Oedema Therapy consists of two phases, the first of which is aimed at reducing edema. The second, on the other hand, stabilizes and optimizes the effects obtained from phase one. Auxiliary equipment used for physiotherapy include Kinesiology Taping patches. They make it possible to reduce edema by increasing the area of lymph flow in the human body. Lymphedema rehabilitation has a positive effect on the patient's health and mental state. In caring for the client, it is important to remember not to underestimate delicate swellings, which can take on large proportions over time. This is also followed by expensive and lengthy rehabilitation, which often becomes a serious problem for patients, reducing their comfort in life. It is also important to keep in mind individualized treatment and specific physiotherapy to minimize the risk of swelling pathology and the entire lymphatic system.