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Judicial and Legal Transformation in Indonesia

Japanese Constitution, even though varied social perspectives have evolved. No. 24, “Reinterpreting Article 9,” and No. 22, “Changing Japan’s Constitution,” offer the view that the Cabinet must take responsibility and explains why. If the Japanese people are taught to obey the law, even if they do not know it, constitutional amendments may give unrestricted power to the political branch. The analysis ranges from a general perspective to a professional legal one. Even though the Japanese Supreme Court followed the US legal system after World War II, the number of decisions made in Japan regarding unconstitutionality is much smaller than in the US. No. 68, “Rubber Stamp Polls for Japan’s Supreme Court Judges,” explains why. The analysis is connected to former Supreme Court Judge and the University of Tokyo law professor Masami Ito’s book, Between Judge and Scholar,1 and Professor Ito would agree with Jones’s perspective that Japanese Supreme Court judges “spent the greater part of their lives as anonymous bureaucrats.” Explaining that Japan is a civil-law country, Jones teaches readers that case-law (precedent) has dominated bureaucratic and judicial decision-makings; therefore, Japanese scholars need to read between the lines of judicial decisions. This book can be cited by Japanese scholars who want to analyze the similarities and differences in legal culture and judicial reform between Japan and other countries. The fundamental premise here is that legal principles are universal and can be seen to transcend national borders. Professor Jones teaches in a Japanese university and he clearly understands the nature of the Japanese cultural and legal landscape. Despite the challenging nature of the task, he continues to make his law column available to The Japan Times and other popular outlets, thus helping to educate both general readers as well as legal scholars about the significance of Japan’s legal systems and judicial reforms, as well as the unique aspects of legal culture and relevant sociopolitical ramifications in Japanese society today.