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Catatonia Causing Permanent Cognitive Impairment: A Case Study

Objective:We describe a case of psychogenic malignant catatonia resulting in permanent cognitive impairment. Background:Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by catalepsy, negativism, mutism, muscular rigidity, and mannerisms, often accompanied by autonomic instability and fever. Little is known about the long-term cognitive consequences of the syndrome. Method:Medical history includes neurologic examination, neuropsychological evaluation, electroencephalographic data, magnetic resonance imaging, sodium amytal interview, and treatment with electroconvulsive therapy. Results:Selective deficits in executive function and an anterograde amnesia were evident a week post-ECT treatment and continued to be present at follow-up after 2 years and 8 months. Conclusion:The permanent cognitive impairments are considered in the context of catatonia as a frontal lobe syndrome.