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Energy pathways, including the Jesse effect, in noble gases.

It is a pleasure to participate in a symposium honoring Dr. William P. Jesse. His work has served as a focal point for many of the investigations with which I have been associated during the past several years. The high standards which he reflects both in his papers and personal contacts are indeed inspirational. The discovery of the Jesse effect in 1952 (1) has led to intensive studies which were aimed mainly at determining the nature of the precursors or long-lived excited states which could lead to the ionization of minute concentrations of foreign species. As early as 1954 it was shown (2) that the Jesse effect in argon is not likely to be due solely to metastable states, and it was pointed out in 1965 that it is likely that resonance states play a major role (3). The effort to learn the nature of the long-lived precursors soon led to a generalization of the study. Clearly what is needed to understand the Jesse effect is the entire energy pathways scheme involved after charged particles excite atomic states in a noble gas. The questions can be resolved in two categories: (i) What are the pathways followed by the atomic precursors as the pure system returns to thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium? (ii) How are the pathways modified by the introduction of foreign species and, in particular, which of the additional reactions lead to the increased ionization known as the Jesse effect? To answer these questions, an increasingly long list of studies has been initiated over the past several years.