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Nano-structured metallic electrodes for plasmonic optimized light-emitting diodes

Metallic nanostructures have attracted large interest recently due to new optical properties caused by plasmonic effects. The exceptionally high transmission of light through periodically structured metals is originated by interactions between light and plasmonic resonances. These resonances are controllable by varying periodicity and geometrical dimensions of the metal gratings. Our aim is the utilization of these effects to improve the efficiency of conventional light-emitting diodes (LED). The application of one-dimensional periodic metallic gratings as top electrodes of LEDs offers advantages such as efficient and homogeneous current injection, enhanced light output, modified angular light emission characteristics and linear polarization of the emission. Based on finite-difference time-domain simulations, we optimized the parameters for gold and silver gratings on top of InGaAs/GaAs/AlAs heterostructures. Fabrication of these structures was carried out using laser interference lithography (LIL) and a lift-off process. We measured the optical transmission of these structures and were able to demonstrate a polarization- and wavelength-dependence in good consistency with our calculations.