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Some difference limens for the perception of breathiness.

Perception of breathy voice quality appears to be cued by changes in the vowel spectrum. These changes are related to alterations in the intensity of aspiration noise and spectral slope of the harmonic energy [Shrivastav and Sapienza, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 114 (4), 2217-2224 (2003)]. Ten young-adult listeners with normal hearing were tested using an adaptive listening task to determine the smallest change in signal-to-noise ratio that resulted in a change in breathiness. Six vowel continua, three female and three male, were generated using a Klatt synthesizer and served as stimuli. Results showed that listeners needed as much as 20-dB increase in aspiration noise to perceive a change in breathiness against a relatively normal voice. In contrast, listeners needed approximately an 11-dB increase in aspiration noise to discriminate breathiness against a severely breathy voice. The difference limens for breathiness were observed to vary across the six talkers. Voices having aspiration noise that was predominantly in the high frequencies had smaller difference limens. No significant differences for male and female voice were observed.