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Measurement of Bone Stiffness as a Predictor of Bone Fracture Using Mechanical Vibration Technique

The essence of this project was to construct a device that would allow for an inexpensive, accurate, non-invasive, and time effective method for diagnosing osteoporosis. Adjustability and mobility were also detennined to be primary vital characteristics of the device. The average cross-sectional bending stiffness of a long bone is a direct indicator of osteoporotic extent and fracture risk. The ulna was determined to be the easiest and most accurate bone to analyze. By applying a perpendicular random vibration to the mid-point of the ulna, the subsequent response of the ulna can be used to evaluate the bone's stiffness (EI). A frame was constructed that would stabilize a subject's right arm while the subject horizontally reclines in a bed. A signal source then sends digital data (a random frequency: between 1 and 1200 Hz) through a D/A converter and on to a shaker, which vibrates accordingly. A parabolic steel tip, which is attached to the shaker, rests on the ulna. Both the force of this vibration and the resultant acceleration of the ulna are digitally recorded, interpreted, and analyzed to give a rough approximation of the resonance frequency of the bone. In the future, the software will be further calibrated with the constructed frame so as to give an accurate value for the stiffness of the ulna. The system has the intent to be utilized in a research, and eventually a clinical, environment.