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Quantifying the Effects of Livestock Grazing on Suspended Sediment and Stream Morphology

1 Retired Suspended sediment measurements, physical channel measurements, and allotment inspection notes are combined to describe the effects of livestock grazing on a 12-square-mile (31 km) watershed in southwest Montana. In years when streamflow reached bankfull stage, suspended sediment produced during the grazing period (post-1 July) was 4.3 times greater when livestock were present. In absolute terms, livestock are responsible for about 5.6 tons (5.1 metric tons) of suspended sediment per day during the grazing period. Stream channels within the watershed became wider and shallower, and had increased fines as a result of streambank trampling by livestock. Although a rest-rotation grazing system was implemented in 1974, stream surveys indicate continued shifts in channel morphology away from the most probable stable form of channel. Allotment inspection notes provide support for cause/effect suspended sediment relationships.