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Diagnostic tools for studying divertor detachment: bolometry, spectroscopy, and thermography for surface heat-flux

Some of the key aspects of divertor detachment that are addressed by bolometry, impurity spectroscopy, hydrogen spectroscopy, and measurements of divertor target heat-flux are reviewed. Measurement requirements for these diagnostic areas are defined, and brief descriptions of the techniques used for these diagnostics are given. Examples from the literature of measurements using these tools applied to detachment are presented. Feedback control of detachment using some of these diagnostics as the ‘sensors’ is reviewed. Challenges and some future directions for these diagnostics in the context of studying divertor detachment are described.