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The utility of animal inhalation studies to assess the risk of mineral fiber-induced pulmonary cancer.

Animal inhalation exposures to fibrous materials such as crocidolite and erionite produce lesions similar to those found in exposed humans. This indicates that the animal inhalation model is relevant for identifying hazardous fibrous materials. Intratracheal instillations and intracoelomic injections are alternative bioassays that can be used to screen for the most biologically active materials. These nonphysiological routes of administration can give false positive results; therefore, animal inhalation studies should be the ultimate bioassay used in the absence of appropriate epidemiological data.