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En torno al sentido del dolor

SUMMARY Pain and suffering have always accompanied man. We find them in the most ancient myths and particularly in the Book of Gene-sis. Pain is apparently something innate in man and to a certain extent peculiar to him. This is clear when Yahweh tells the woman , " In sorrow thou shalt bring forth children " (Chapter 3, Vers. 16) and the man, " In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread " (Chapter 3, Vers. 19) and not long before he had told him that from now on life would give him " thorns and thistles " (Chapter 3, Vers. 18). Now, how could man, who in Paradise lived in a state of full happiness, not know pain before his " fall " , when he also had body, like the animals? Or is it perhaps a matter of different kinds of pain? One possibility of understanding this biblical assertion is to think that the mythical text refers to suffering and not to pain. We would share the latter with animals, while suffering would be peculiar to the human being. But it just happens that, as we will see later, the boundary between suffering and pain is very diffuse and there are pains that are neither the result of action of an external agent nor identifiable with suffering (due to something lost, for example). Alfred Prinz Auersperg, disciple and collaborator of Viktor von Weizsäcker in the development of the Circle of the Form's Theory (Gestaltkreis), published in 1963 a book entitled " Pain and painfulness " , where he clearly distinguishes two types of pain, sensation-pain and feeling-pain. The former is more localized , abrupt in its presentation and passes without leaving traces. Examples of this kind of pain are those caused by a stabs or burns. The latter is more diffuse and comes about gradually. It is the case of migraine, of the irritable bowel syndrome, of lower back pain, etc. This second type of pain is common in psychic diseases, particularly in depression. In its masked forms, the entire syndrome revolves round the painful experience, with the alteration of patient's mood and vital rhythms trapped in a sort of semi-darkness. Moving up from the most somatic, now we should ask ourselves about the role of pain as suffering in depression. Here we see a sort of paradox, because the facies of the depressive patient represents …