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Impact of coronary artery bypass graft on activities of daily living of patients with coronary artery disease: A comparative study using the extended nursing care model

Background: When it comes to a major surgery such as Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG), functional independence is the ultimate goal of treatment over mere survival or drastic reduction in the risk of the life-threatening event caused due to Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD). Objective: To find the difference in the ability to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL) before and after the CABG between control and study groups who received conventional methods and who received nursing care by using the Extended Nursing Care Model (ENCM), respectively. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from 132 patients before CABG and after six weeks and three months of CABG. Patients were enrolled on the day before surgery and included those who were discharged only within seven days of surgery. The lottery method was used on a weekly basis for allocation of the patients in the control and study groups. The study group’s recovery was managed by using ENCM, and the control group’s recovery was managed by using the conventional method. Functional independence in performing ADL was measured by using a standardized Barthel scale. Data were also collected on developing independence in performing the bathing activity. Results: The majority of patients’ mobility-walking and staircase use activities were affected before CABG. The mean score of the functional independence has improved from baseline to six weeks and three months in both the groups. The difference in the functional independence score between the two groups was tested by using the Mann-Whitney’s sign-rank test. The improvement was found to be better in the study group than the control group at a 5% significance level at six weeks and three months after CABG. Conclusion: The researcher concludes that though functional independence is compromised in the initial stage of recovery of CABG, it improves over some time and this improvement can accelerate with the use of interventions in the ENCM.