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Improving Performance and Efficiency of a Fuel-cell Hybrid EV Using New Three-Port DC-DC Converter and Optimized Energy Management Strategy

The strategies of energy management and control of different components of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) powertrain like converters, are the keys to improve performance and efficiency of FCHEVs and also decrease energy consumption. Fuel cell stack, power converters, controllers, and energy storage system are the main parts of a FCHEV. Each part of the powertrain has specific properties which should be considered in order to achieve a rise in the entire system efficiency. The optimal distribution of required power between energy sources, efficiency, power profiles changing due to gradual performance degradation of fuel cell, and control of DC-DC converter are some of the most important issues in FCHEVs for achieving to an efficient system. This paper introduces an optimal energy management system for a FCHEV that its powertrain consists of fuel cell, battery, and ultra-capacitor as the power sources, and a new three-input bidirectional DC-DC converter which can work in four different modes, which is an efficient cure to all abovementioned issues. The fuel cell is modeled by Semi-empirial model to consider degradation effects of fuel cell. This optimized system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are presented.