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Research to Reality: Applying Findings to Practice

Suicide among adolescents is a major public health concern and the third leading cause of death in 15to 19-year-olds. The most common risk factors include depression, substance abuse, aggressive or disruptive behaviors, and previous suicide attempts. There is limited data available regarding suicide risk factors of ethnic minority adolescents. Hispanic girls were found to have a 17.8% estimated risk rate for suicide. Factors precipitating suicide in adolescents are psychosocial stressors, rejection, or disciplinary crises. This study evaluated an adolescent suicide screening tool designed for use in public schools. High school students in grades 9–11 attending schools in large cities in the southwestern and Pacific coast regions of the United States were recruited as participants. The school districts provided an ethnically diverse population. One study group comprised 1,995 ‘‘high risk’’ students participating in a Reconnecting Youth program; 930 of these students completed the questionnaire. A sample of 608 ‘‘typical’’ students also participated to establish normed behaviors. Of these typical students, 65% (393) completed the survey. The High School Questionnaire (HSQ) multi-item scale was adapted to a computer-assisted format for this study. The Suicide Risk Screen (SRS) is part of the HSQ and examines suicide risk factors. Participation was voluntary, and any student meeting the SRS criteria was referred to a designated school contact person who was to validate that a referral contact had been made within one week. The researchers developed five risk-level categories to classify at-risk adolescents, ranging from 1 (highest risk) to 5 (lowest risk, no SRS criteria met).