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IMPACT OF IMMUNIZATION ON DISEASE PATTERNS IN AUSTRALIA

WHEN the First Fleet arrived in Australia in January, 1788, little was known about the spread of infectious disease. Settlement began 10 years before Jenner published his famous monograph on smallpox vaccination. Because of the long sea voyage of from seven to 12 months, and the isolation of this country, the introduction of the common infectious diseases was delayed for several decades. In addition, the climate was good, food was relatively plentiful, and the population was insufficient to sustain the spread of epidemic disease. A medical practitioner returning from Australia wrote to The Lancet in February, 1838, a letter entitled "Uselessness of Medical Men in Australia". He stated: