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The effect of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, a constituent of green tea, on transforming growth factor‐β1–stimulated wound contraction

Dermal fibrosis, or scarring, following surgical incisions, traumatic wounds and burns presents a major clinical burden. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 is a major factor known to stimulate fibroblast proliferation, collagen production, and the differentiation of fibroblast to myofibroblast promoting wound contraction. Furthermore, excessive or prolonged TGF‐β1 has been shown to be associated with scarring. Green tea contains high amounts of polyphenols with the major polyphenolic compound being epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG). EGCG has been shown to be anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, and may improve wound healing and scarring, though its precise effect on TGF‐β1 remains unclear. This study aimed at determining the effect of EGCG on TGF‐β1 collagen contraction, gene expression and the differentiation of fibroblast to myofibroblast. EGCG appears to affect the role that TGF‐β1 plays in fibroblast populated collagen gel contraction and this seems to be through both myofibroblast differentiation and connective tissue growth factor gene expression and reduces the expression of collagen type I gene regulation.