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The Key Components of Schwann Cell-like Differentiation Medium and their Effects on Gene Expression Pattern of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

BackgroundSchwann cell-like cells differentiated from adipose-derived stem cells may have an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Herein, we document the individual effects of growth factors in Schwann cell-like differentiation medium. MethodsThere were 6 groups in the study. In the control group, we supplemented the rat adipose–derived stem cells with normal cell culture medium. In group 1, we fed the cells with Schwann cell-like differentiation medium (normal cell culture medium supplemented with platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, forskolin, and glial growth factor). In the other groups, we removed the components of the medium one at a time from the differentiation medium so that group 2 lacked glial growth factor, group 3 lacked forskolin, group 4 lacked basic fibroblast growth factor, and group 5 lacked platelet-derived growth factor. We examined the expression of the Schwann cell–specific genes with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining in each group. ResultsGroups 3 and 4, lacking forskolin and basic fibroblast growth factor, respectively, had the highest expression levels of integrin-&bgr;4, and p75. Group 1 showed a 3.2-fold increase in the expression of S100, but the expressions of integrin-&bgr;4 and p75 were significantly lower compared to groups 3 and 4. Group 2 [glial growth factor (−)] did not express significant levels of Schwann cell–specific genes. The gene expression profile in group 4 most closely resembled Schwann cells. Immunofluorescence staining results were parallel with the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results. ConclusionsGlial growth factor is a key component of Schwann cell-like differentiation medium.