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Morphological and sedimentological investigations of sub-aquatic landslides in Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania)

Lakes, such as Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania) can be used as models for oceans where mass movements can be studied on small scales. The tectonically formed aquatic basin is situated within a tectonically active region on the Balkan Peninsula (41° 1' 50'' N, 20° 43' 3" E), and is most likely one of the oldest lakes in Europe (2-5 Ma). Its basin is filled with over 700 m of partly undisturbed sediments. The bathtub shaped basin can be divided into three major parts: a deep flat central part, steep flanks resulting from two major faults confining the lake on its eastern and western shore, respectively, and shallow shelf areas in the north and south. Lake Ohrid has been found as an important archive to study the sedimentary evolution of a graben system over several million years. Furthermore, with more than 210 endemic species, the lake is a unique aquatic ecosystem that is of worldwide importance. An international group of scientists has recently submitted a full drilling proposal to ICDP (International Continental Drilling Program). Interpretation of multichannel seismic and sediment echo sounder data from pre-site surveys conducted in 2007 and 2008 shows abundant mass-wasting events. Recent mass wasting events mainly occurring on the northern and southern shelf area of the lake, and some smaller ones around the so called Magic Mountain, a basement high in the eastern part of the lake. Additionally, several slides are located close to normal faults. By tracing selected horizons across the entire lake, it was possible to obtain a relative stratigraphy showing that mass wasting events cluster at specific horizons, and hence had been occurred at the same time. Such sliding events occurring at the same time but at different locations in the lake most likely had a common trigger. We assume earthquakes as such a trigger mechanism. Subsequently, the age of the slides can be used to reconstruct the earthquake activity in the study area or in other words, slides can be used as proxy for paleo-seismicity. An alternative explanation would be a sudden change in lake level, triggering the slides but the fact that we identified slides at the same time but in very different water depths suggest that lake level fluctuations as trigger for the slides are unlikely. A detailed morphologic and hydro-acoustic survey of one sub-aquatic landslide deposit in the southern part of the lake resulted in profound knowledge of geometry, structure, and volume as well as slide origin. We plan to use this slide for modeling the tsunami potential of slides in Lake Ohrid.