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The Wallace Legacy

Dan Carter, the William Rand Kenan, Jr., Professor of History at Emory University and author of the prize-winning biography of George Wallace, has written a slender (134 pages) book about a topic from which most historians shrink: recent American politics. In the spring of 1991 Carter took some time off from his Wallace biography to deliver a series of lectures, on which his new book is based, at Louisiana State University. In the course of his research on Wallace, Carter had become "convinced that the shadow of this fiery politician reached far beyond his own national career from 1964 to 1976" (p. xiii). Looking at the campaigns of George Bush, the policies of Ronald Reagan, and the rhetoric of Newt Gingrich, Carter thought he glimpsed, albeit in modified form, the Wallace appeal-the jabs at civil rights agitators, the attacks on anarchists and long-hairs, the angry denunciations of intellectual elites (pp. 18-20). Carter decided in his lectures to trace "the path by which the politics of racial conservatism broadened into a general program of resistance to the changes sweeping American society"-in other words, to examine the legacy of George Wallace (p. xiv). On a wickedly hot day in the early summer of 1963, as civil rights protests roiled the South, Governor Wallace of Alabama took his famous stand in the schoolhouse door. With cameras rolling and over two hundred reporters looking on, United States Assistant Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach walked swiftly towards the entrance to Carmichael Hall on the University of Alabama campus, where Wallace had staked out his position. A former boxer, Wallace responded to this unwanted meddler by raising his hand, decrying "this illegal and unwarranted action by the Central Government," and refusing to allow Katzenbach and the two black students waiting in a government sedan at curbside to enter the school (p. 4). Two hours later the crisis was over. Wallace had returned to his office in