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Natural occurrence of ochratoxin A in wolfberry fruit wine marketed in China

Wolfberry fruit wine (WFW) is widely used as a global functional food to improve the immune system and prevent human disease. A total of 36 bottled WFWs were randomly collected in China between 2005 and 2010. Samples were analysed for the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) using immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Positive results were confirmed by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The limit of detection (LOD), based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, was 0.05 ng mL–1. Recoveries ranged from 78.3% to 94.7% and relative standard deviations from 1.1% to 4.3% within the spiking range of 0.2–20 ng mL–1. OTA was detected in one sample, below the maximum allowable limit as established by the European community.