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A Literature Review of California Domestic Cork Production

As early as 1858 there were attempts by the federal government to assess the potential of developing domestic cork production in the United States. Between 1939 and 1949 cork oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings were distributed to cooperators in more than 30 California counties to assess the possibility of relieving this nation’s dependence on foreign production of the raw material. Information collected from earlier field trials supports the contention that this renewable raw material can be produced in California. This paper briefly reviews earlier work but concentrates on a more recent analysis of domestic cork development on the Central California Coast. During 1993, the Central Coast Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) Council was awarded funds from USDA Soil Conservation Service (now Natural Resources Conservation Service) and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Rural Forest Improvement Program). These funds were targeted to further explore the literature and the potential of domestic production of cork from cork oak (Quercus suber L.). The RC&D Council contracted with Professor James E. Wilen, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of California, Davis. Dr. Wilen and his students conducted an extensive review of literature accessible through the University of California system. Except where otherwise noted, this review paper is largely abstracted from the study they conducted to examine factors that might determine the feasibility of culturing cork oak trees and products from cork oak.