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A Meta-Analysis Study on The Effect of Software Education on Computational Thinking

The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of software education on elementary students' computational thinking. In this study, the meta-analysis method was employed which examined 24 studies conducted by year 2020 and have met the inclusion criteria. The types of software, group age, group size, and number of treatments were determined as moderating variables. An analysis based on a random effect model showed that the mean effect size value was calculated as 0.606 with an error of 0.08. It was also determined that there was no publication bias in the meta-analysis. According to the results of the moderator analysis, it was found that the effect of software on computational thinking of the students did not change according to the types of software education and group age, but it changed according to the group size and the number of software educational treatments. The effect size on computational thinking was high in small group(less than 6 students) and large group(more than 31 students who encouraged peer study). In addition, the number of treatments was 21 or more, the effect size was the highest. so the Random effect model can be selected. In this study, the researchers selected a random effect model and looked at the effect size. An analysis based on a random effect model showed that the mean effect size(Hedges’ g) value was calculated as g=0.606 with 0.08 standard error. The lower limit of the 95% confidence interval was 0.45 and the upper limit was 0.76. to identify the impact of software(SW) education on computational thinking(CT) in elementary school students, and to provide information for SW education activities for effective CT improvement of student. The present meta-analysis, involving 24 studies, found that SW education had a positive effect on Computational thinking ability for Elementary students. The results showed large heterogeneity among the different studies with respect to types of SW, group age, group size, and the number of treatments. The publication bias was not observed among studies. The conclusions obtained from this study are as follows.