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The Social Ecological Movements in Poland

A social movement is a group activity aiming at attaining of a definite goal, usually connected with satisfaction of the essential needs of a social group or of a society in whose name a given social group is acting. The statement that the subject encompasses non-governmental actors means that considerations do not concern, in this case, the governmental institutions, and that the movements ought in principle not be controlled by the state authorities, these movements being independent actions which emerged in order to promote the purposes which are "proper" for a given social group. The essence of emergence of social groups and of the social movements related to them is quite succintly formulated by J.Eyles, in whose opinion individuals get associated for various purposes in groups, these groups being formed by the purposes themselves. In our case we are considering the social ecological movements in Poland. Polish ecological movements which, just as had before been the case in some other countries of Europe, started as a typical protest activity, is presently aiming at triggering of definite social changes. Most of the organizations and social groups of the ecological movements in Poland appeared in thel980s. The essential impulses for the development of the mass social ecological movement in Poland were, first — the general national protest aimed against the political-economic system in force in this country, controlled by the Marxist party, this system not being accepted by the nation, and, second — the growth of the universal, and in particular of the European ecological movements which put forward, besides the fight for clean sky and water and healthy food, also the struggle for social justice.