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Epidermal-dermal interactions in adult human skin. II. The nature of the dermal influence.

In previous studies, dermis was found to be essential for the maintenance of adult epidermal characteristics in recombinants of trypsin-separated human epidermis and dermis grown on the chorioallantoic membrane. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the nature of this dermal influence on epidermal maintenance. Epidermis was well maintained in epidermal recombinants with tendon, tendon sheath and fascia. The dermal influence was therefore not specific for dermis since non-dermal connective tissues which were different from dermis in location and morphology could be substituted. Finely powdered dermis produced by pulverizing frozen dermis was able to maintain epidermis in epidermal recombinants. Powdered dermis was disorganized when viewed grossly and by light microscopy but presented essentially normal organization by electron microscopy. Normal dermal organization at the light microscopic level was therefore not essential for epidermal maintenance. Epidermis degenerated in all recombinants of epidermis with collagen gels. By electron microscopy, collagen gels showed random orientation of collagen fibrils with no resemblance to organized dermis. Epidermis was maintained in recombinants with dermis which had been heated for 1 hour at 56°C but degenerated in recombinants with dermis which had been heated for 4 hours; therefore, the dermal influence was relatively heat stable although it could be abolished by more severe heating.