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Book Review: Tourism: Change, Impacts and Opportunities

This is a long-overdue sequel to the influential Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts by the same authors, published in 1982. Incorporating much of the earlier material but with updates and additions, Tourism: Change, Impacts and Opportunities offers a thorough examination of the consequences of the development of tourism in host areas in a book almost twice the length of the original. Clearly laid out, with improved versions of the original diagrams and written in concise and accessible language, this book takes the reader through important definitional issues and conceptual models of tourism to discuss comprehensively the economic, social and environmental impacts of tourism on destinations. With material from all over the world and from many decades, this book presents an unsurpassed breadth and depth of information about the impacts of tourism. The change of title to include ‘change’ and ‘opportunities’ signals more optimism and the recognition that host communities are more proactive in how tourism develops in their areas than acknowledged in the previous book. However, the emphasis in the new volume is still on the adverse effects of tourism with many more pages devoted to problems than to opportunities. The authors explain that material from the original book has only been included if it illustrates fundamental points and has not been superseded by subsequent literature; it is testimony to the enduring relevance of the earlier volume that Tourism: Change, Impacts and Opportunities includes so much from the original. The different frameworks for studying tourism in destination areas encounter similar problems, such as: defining the geographical area and subject of study, using common terminology, establishing baselines in constantly changing contexts, tracing complex and often indirect consequences of increased tourism and the influence of different disciplinary and cultural values. These are rigorously examined and, while no panacea is offered, any reader attempting an assessment of the impacts of tourism will be aware of the many pitfalls. The book restricts itself to the localized consequences of tourism in destination areas and deliberately steers away from the global impacts of increased tourism such as climate change and increasing mobility, although it touches briefly on tourism and terrorism. The Introduction explains the growing global importance of tourism and then details some of the problems in researching it, such as the overlap between disciplines, the previous preoccupation with economic development and the difficulty of identifying the long-term consequences of its growth in a context of change. Its explanation of why definitions are important and the need for compatible terminology has resonance for many disciplines. Chapter Two divides tourism into three parts: demand, stay and consequences. It traces the developments that have led to the explosion in tourism and describes the different ways of categorizing tourists and their destinations. It outlines the decision-making processes by different agencies that influence where people go and what they do once they arrive.