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Analysis of Amadori‐glycated Phosphatidylethanolamine in the Plasma of Healthy Subjects and Diabetic Patients by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Peroxidized phospholipid‐mediated cytotoxity, the abnormal increase in the levels of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) found in the plasma of type 2 diabetic patients, is involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases. PCOOH accumulation may be related to Amadori‐glycated phosphatidylethanolamine (deoxy‐D‐fructosyl PE, or Amadori‐PE) because Amadori‐PE causes oxidative stress. However, the occurrence of lipid glycation products, including Amadori‐PE, in vivo remains unclear. We developed a method to analyze Amadori‐PE by using quadrupole/linear ion‐trap mass spectrometry, the Applied Biosystems 4000 Q TRAP. We found that pyridoxals could easily be condensed with PE before the glucose–PE reaction occurred. The PE‐pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate adduct was detectable in human red blood cells, and the increased plasma Amadori‐PE concentration in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats was decreased by dietary supplementation with pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate. Therefore, it is likely that pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate acts as a lipid glycation inhibitor in vivo, and this may contribute to diabetes prevention.