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TOWARD AN ARCHITECTURE OF TENDENZA

This paper examines reconstructing Aldo Rossi’s lecture in term of the word la tendenza before establishing the movement called “La Tendenza” after the XV Milan Triennale in 1973. Focusing on the lecture titled “Le teorie della progettazione (The Theories of the Project) “, the paper detects theoretical origin of tendenza during the years when Rossi taught in Politecnico di Milano as professor. In those years, he wrote educational articles and articulated L'analisi urbane e la progettazione architettonica (The Urban Analysis and Architectural Project), first published in March 1970, for the results of the academic year of 1968/1969. The book contains four essays written by Rossi, titled “Premessa (Preface)”, “L'obiettivo della nostra ricerca Lezione. (The purpose of our research: Lecture)”, “L'idea di citta socialista in architettura (The Idea of Socialist City in Architecture)”, and “Le teorie della progettazione”. First, it considers the first volume of I quaderni azzurri (QA01), written in 19 June 1968 as Rossi’s diary. Just before the academic year of 1968/69, he catechized himself and the term tendenza appeared. Also, he associated the idea of tendenza with the term of La teoria della progettazione. Second, it deals with the book L'analisi urbane e la progettazione architettonica, in which Rossi presents the term of tendenza for the students and assistants in his Gruppo di ricerca (research group). Judging from “Premessa” and “L'obiettivo della nostra ricerca. Lezione”, Rossi demonstrates the idea of tendenza as common theme for the group. Following QA01, Rossi puts importance on scelta e tendenza (choise and tendency) and tries to define tendenza not as a stopgap manifest but as results of plurality of their researches. Through “Le teorie della progettazione”, Rossi evaluates the urban projects in the 19th century, for example, Haussmann’s reconstruction of Paris and G.A. Antolini’s Foro Bonaparte Project. For Rossi, Foro Bonaparte represents precise historical moment and una tendenza, for it anticipates modern vision of the city, with absolute force in the prominence on the map as the plan. Then, with Paul Klee’s dairy, Rossi explains transformation from una tendenza to la tendenza inside the artist’s state of mind. In his opinion, architecture is only built for dominant class but could become “reactional architecture which could anticipate revolutionary image”. Interestingly, Rossi not only regards Bauhaus as architecture for dominant class which could have become revolutionary but also urges the audience to doubt the dogma of architectural education that succeeds Modernist Movement. In the lecture titled “L'idea di citta socialista in architettura”, presented in advance of “Le teorie della progettazione”, Rossi reckons abandoned Utopian projects to Modernism, influenced by Carlo Aymonino’s viewpoint on Tony Garnier and that of Leonardo Benevolo on the phalanstere. Finally, in the end of lecture, he cites the phrases of Leon Trotsky in Literature and Revolution (1924). Trotsky explains the art of tendenza in Soviet Union, which battles the compulsion of party’s principles to the artists. In the reversal sense that Rossi defended Stalinist architecture, he also respects the liberty of the state of mind in artist, citing from Trotsky’s phrases. Furthermore, on Socialist City, the term tendenza referred by Rossi from 1968 to 1970 can overlap the idea of Citta analoga. Rossi points tendenza for the state of mind of artist, which enables us to investigate the process of making own works toward the architecture of tendenza.