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The Impact of Italy's Twentieth-Century Wars on Italian Americans’ Ethnic Identity

War-related nationalism helped Italian Americans re-elaborate their ethnic identity between the turn of the twentieth century and the end of World War II. Although most Italian immigrants and their offspring lacked some sense of national consciousness upon arrival in the United States, they developed it following Italy's 1912 conquest of Libya. They also consolidated their national identity during World War I, strengthened that self-perception after their motherland annexed Ethiopia in 1936, and retained it into the late 1940s despite pressures toward Americanization in World War II.