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FTIR-based comparative analysis of glucomannan contents in some tuberous orchids, and effects of pre-processing on glucomannan measurement.

BACKGROUND
Glucomannan (GM) is a polysaccharide of the mannan family of compounds found in some plant species. The dried and powdered tubers of some orchid species, collectively known as 'salep powder,' are a commercially important crop for human consumption and are one of the primary sources of GM. GM content is the primary indicator for the yield and quality of salep powder. We hypothesized that it would be more practical and accurate to measure GM content within tuber powder directly, prior to any purification or pre-processing. The GM content of tubers of 14 different orchid species was evaluated and compared using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and an enzymatic colorimetric method.


RESULTS
Among the analyzed modes, the sum of the peak areas at 873 and 812 cm-1 , which represent the CH bending attributed to the β-pyranose form of d-glucose and d-mannose, respectively, gave the only confirmation using colorimetric methods. It was found that the tubers of Himantoglossum caprinum and Serapias vomeracea had the highest GM concentrations among the analyzed species. After conducting different pre-processing steps on Serapias vomeracea tubers, it was found that treating the tubers with milk, or high temperature resulted in an apparent increase in GM concentrations.


CONCLUSION
Himantoglossum caprinum and Serapias vomeracea give the highest yields of GM and should be used for commercial horticulture. GM estimation should be made prior to any pre-processing. FTIR spectroscopy is effective and reliable for directly comparing GM content of different orchid species, without the need for any purification or pre-processing. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.