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Development of a new and modification of existing elastic clips for rails fastening

One of the problems of railway fastening systems (fastening system) that occurs due to the development of railways is the damage of the elastic clips, which leads to the loss of structural integrity between the rail and the base. Therefore, there is a need to develop new clips or improve existing ones. The paper describes the contribution and role of each component of the fastening system in different loading cases. As a tool whose parameters can affect the efficiency of the fastening system, special attention is given to the clips. Finally, an example is briefly described for creating numerical models that can be used to perform parametric analyses in order to develop new clips or improve existing ones.