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Reduction of mitochondria and up regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 of skeletal muscle in patients with chronic kidney disease

Muscle weakness is commonly among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity occur in CKD animals but have not been confirmed in humans, and changes in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDP) expression have not been evaluated in CKD muscle. We presume that the reduction of muscle mitochondria and post‐translational modification of PDH may cause muscle weakness in CKD patients. Herein, we explored changes in mitochondrial morphology, PDH expression and activity, and PDK/PDP expression in CKD patient muscle.