{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.015494636471990465, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 4.915492957746479, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Lipan Apache Placenames of Augustina Zuazua: Some Structural and Discursive Features

Abstract This paper presents twenty-two Lipan Apache placenames as used by Augustina Zuazua in a narrative to Harry Hoijer concerning Lipan history. Lipan Apache is now considered by most linguists to be largely an extinct language. However these placenames provide a glimpse into the place-naming practices of the Lipan as well as reveal how placenames were discursively used. I analyze the placenames based on the semantic and morphological components of the names. I also look at how the placenames were used in context within the narrative. Finally, I suggest that Zuazua used this narrative and the placenames to comment on the removal of the Lipan Apache from their traditional homeland. The names, then, act as lingering signs of a past homeland.