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[Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: indications and recommendations on when to refer patients to a specialized unit].

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a highly complex technique of extracorporeal support that has been available in Spain since 1997 and is now provided by three centres. This article aims to detail the guidelines and indications for neonatal and pediatric ECMO in severe cardiorespiratory failure and to provide information on when to contact the referral centres when treating patients who may need this treatment.