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Packet transmission with K energy packets in an energy harvesting sensor

This paper discusses a two-dimensional random walk for modeling a data transmission system with energy harvesting that represents a remotely operating wireless sensor node. The node has a wireless transmitter that gathers data from the environment according to a random process, and similarly it harvests energy from the environment at a random rate. Then if it has gathered enough data, it transmits a data packet provided it has stored at least K ≥ 1 energy packets that are needed to transmit one data packet. Generalising previous results that were obtained for the case K = 1, we derive the stationary probability distribution of this model to compute principal performance metrics for the wireless sensor node with energy harvesting, including the average transmission power emanating from any sensor node. We then compute the probability that a bit is correctly received by a receiver that operates in the presence of N identical wireless sensors, each operating at the power level K, in the presence of noise and of interference due to the transmissions. Numerical results show how the noise power B and the transmission power K affect the probability of correctly receiving a bit in such a system.