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Long-term cancer survivorship: a new challenge that requires a new follow-up approach.

Cancer survivorship is a growing reality in the world. Recent data published on MMWR clearly outlined the increasing number of long-term cancer survivors 1 . In fact, in the United States the National Cancer Institute and CDC analysed cancer incidence and follow-up infor-mation from nine Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programs to estimate the number of persons in the United States ever diagnosed with cancer who were alive on January 1, 2007. This report summarised the results of that analysis, which indicated that the number of cancer survivors increased from 9.8 million in 2001 to 11.7 million in 2007. As of January 1, 2007, an estimated 64.8% of cancer survivors had lived ≥ 5 years after their diag-nosis of cancer, and 59.5% of survivors were aged ≥ 65 years. Also in Italy, based on the data of (Associazione 2,243,953 persons were living with cancer at January 1, 2006. Fifty-seven percent (1,285,680 people, 2.2% of total population) of these patients was represented by long-term survivors. Many of them can be considered as “cured”, i.e., with a life expectancy overlapping that of the general population 2 . The increasing number of cancer survivors underscores the need for medical and public health professionals to address the potential long-term and late effects of cancer on survivors’ physical and psychosocial well-being, provide survivors with coordinated care, and promote the importance of healthy behaviours (e.g., smoking cessation and physical activity) to reduce the risk of new o recurrent cancer and early detection to increase the likeli-hood of survival with new or recurrent cancer 3 . The ongoing management of these patients seems outdated in that the major focus on these patients is made on their previous tumours and/or side effects of therapy received.