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Three-dimensional measurements of the helicon wavelength

Full three-dimensional maps of the helicon wave magnetic field are measured. Agreement between the measured and predicted values for the helicon wavelength is discussed and discrepancies are attributed to interpretation of the three-dimensional wave. Magnetic induction probe measurements in XYZ space reveal the helicon wave bz field has both an axial and azimuthal component. Neglecting the azimuthal component underestimates the three-dimensional wave helix by at least a factor of ∼2πr, yielding an oversimplified two-dimensional projection. When the wave's azimuthal component is considered, agreement with numerically predicted wavelength values is shown to be within 35%, whereas greater than 100% differences are found when only the two-dimensional wavelength is measured.