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Entrepreneurship and Vocational Education

Entrepreneurship is an important European Union objective for education and lifelong learning policies (European Community, 1999). This article reports the results of a research project on entrepreneurship competencies in higher and vocational education commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. A three-layered concept of entrepreneurship competencies is presented. The way in which innovations in higher and vocational education develop competencies for entrepreneurship, enterprising behaviour and employability is analysed. The views of students and teachers in entrepreneurship-oriented education are presented. The article ends with recommendations on promoting entrepreneurship competencies in (vocational) education and lifelong learning.