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The Works of Peter M. Blau: Analytical Strategies, Developments and Assumptions

This paper examines the fundamental theoretical approaches and research interests of Peter M. Blau by focusing upon three distinct stages in his work: exchange theory, status attainment theory, and macrostructural theory. A discussion of four general issues reveals various continuities and transitions in these analytical strategies. The features examined are (a) research interests in social stratification, (b) investigative strategies, (c) analytical focus and assumptions, and (d) micro/macro units of analysis. It is argued that the three approaches rest upon different conceptions of society which, in respective order, are the “multilevel model of societal exchange,” “optimistic image of modern, mass, industrial society,” and “guardedly optimistic image of modern differentiated society.” Attention is directed to the importance of the status attainment phase for understanding other dimensions of Blau's work, the development of certain theoretical themes in his various analytical strategies, and the presence of a basic conceptual opposition involving the role of values and structural forces in society which permeates much of his analyses.