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The role of organizational citizenship behavior and strategic alignment in increasing the generation of public value through digital transformation

Digital transformation is currently a hot topic. Despite the concept still lacks a clear definition, it forms part of many initiatives in private and public organizations. Digital transformation in the private sector is shaping citizens' expectations of what a public service needs to deliver. However, the concept is new, and it is not yet evident which factors influence or drive digital transformation. Based on the literature, we identified that competencies for digital transformation, civil servant behavior, Information Technology (IT)-business alignment, and IT governance play a critical role in achieving public value as a result of digital transformation initiatives. This research aims to study the relationship among these variables. A descriptive-confirmative study was operationalized through a survey with 1202 Brazilian civil servants from 23 states (out of 27). A research instrument was developed and validated. The respondents are high-level managers involved with digital transformation-related initiatives. All hypotheses were confirmed through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) data analysis. Results reveal digital transformation-enabled public value depends on the competencies related to digital transformation, being influenced by the behavior of civil servants (based on organizational citizenship behavior) and IT-business alignment. Additionally, IT governance influences these two variables. The results also show that some managerial and governance competencies are needed as a way digital transformation initiatives create public value. The same occurs with teams: they need to be focused on the best interest of the organizations, which is aligned with individual, group, and intra-organizational and inter-organizational competencies related to digital transformation. The main theoretical contribution is the development and validation of the theoretical model and the research instrument. The main contribution for organizations is the identification that some primary conditions needs to be fulfilled in the organization to start digital transformation initiatives.