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Between Kafka and carnevale: an introduction to the immigrant condition in Italy

Abstract The author argues that in Italy immigration has become for both left and right-wing moral entrepreneurs a symbolic resource to be employed in the creation and re-creation of territorial identities. The permanent endeavor of the Italian elites is the one of re-proposing the moment of foundation of a `community'. What makes Italy complex and fascinating is its carnevale, that is, the simulacrum of a founding that never truly happened and must, subsequently, be periodically reproduced. Besides that, Italy has witnessed the consolidation of a neo-liberal order and the expansion of very local identities, which employ a Kafkian bureaucracy and the law as a way to differentiate insiders and outsiders. This represents the milieu within which `second generation immigrants' develop their own identities and try to erupt in the scene.