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Skeletal Muscle Ventricles: Another Alternative for Heart Failure

Abstract Background: Autologous muscle has the potential of generating power for cardiac assistance. Problems with muscle fatigue have been overcome by the development of successful protocols of electrical conditioning and by allowing a recovery interval after the initial harvest. Methods: Our laboratory has pursued research with latissimus dorsi muscle pouches, which we term skeletal muscle ventricles (SMVs). By allowing several weeks for a “vascular delay” interval and then electrically conditioning the muscle, these pouches can be connected to the circulation and stimulated to assist the heart. Results: These pouches have been developed and tested in the canine model in numerous configurations, achieving survival beyond 3 years. Conclusions: Although still experimental, SMVs may have the potential of becoming a viable alternative for the future treatment of patients with end‐stage heart failure and with infants with certain congenital anomalies.