{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.019883040935672516, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 6.19327731092437, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
What are the health risks of untreated snoring without obstructive sleep apnea?

BACKGROUND Self-reported snoring has long been associated with cardiovascular disease. Prevailing explanations assumed that snoring was a marker for unmeasured obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which often is associated with intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, hypercapnia, and large negative intrathoracic pressure fluctuations, all of which may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease through sympathetic activation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Snoring without OSA has been relegated to status as a social nuisance without health implications; however, recent studies suggest that snoring without OSA may contribute independently to cardiovascular disease and mortality. Our objective is to examine the potential health risks of snoring without OSA.