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Influence of Combined NPK and Manure on Improving Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristic and Yield of Justicia gendarussa Burm. F.

Background and Objective: Justicia gendarussa (family Acanthaceae) is regarded as a medicinal plant valued for its beneficial pharmacological activities. A polybag experiment has been conducted at Bogor (Indonesia) to determine the effects on growth, photosynthetic and yield of various NPK ratios and manure fertilizer application in J. gendarussa. Materials and Methods: Six treatments (control: 50 g/plant manure, NPK (1.1 g/plant N:0.7 g/plant P2O5 and 0.6 g/plant K), 50+50%/plant (manure+NPK), 10+50%/plant (manure+NPK) and 50+10%/plant (manure+NPK) were performed in a randomized complete block design. Data of individual plants were extracted from various treatments: plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, yield and sugar content were collected. Results: The plant treated with 10+50%/plant (manure+NPK) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in plant height, number of leaves and number of branches with the value of 59.00 cm, 85.00 per plant and 9.50 per plant, respectively. Chlorophyll a (0.538 mg g1 FW), chlorophyll b (0.192 mg g1 FW) and total chlorophyll (0.730 mg g1 FW) were significantly improved by the treatment of NPK fertilizer. The application of manure and NPK at (50+50%) and (50+10%) was significantly increased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, respectively. Leaves yield (9 g/plant DW) was improved by the application of 10+50%/plant (manure+NPK) fertilizer. The highest sugar content was obtained from J. gendarussa growth with 50+50%/plant (manure+NPK) followed by 10+50% plant (manure+NPK) fertilizer. Conclusion: The J. gendarussa plants could benefit from combined manure and NPK fertilizer application in growth, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, leaves yield and sugar content.