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Book Review: Geographical Perspectives on Juvenile Delinquency

further subdivided into cascading systems (compartmental flow and storage models applied to population growth and mineral cycles), space-time deterministic models (essentially models of the cascading type with the spatial dimension added), spatial interaction models, and spatial allocation models. The probability approaches deal with quadrat analyses, spatial correlation and autocorrelation analysis, and decision-making under uncertainty. In many ways, this is an excellent undergraduate text presenting a nice mixture of human and physical geography modelling strategies in a well organized, clear manner. Applications are well integrated within any mathematical developments. The parallels between physical and human system models are exploited effec­ tively. Real data are provided so that models can be estimated and tested by the student. There are, however, no exercises, a deficiency that should be remedied in subsequent editions. 'Errors' of omission abound. No text of this sort can be complete and the choice of material must be subjective. There are, however, some topics that would have fitted quite nicely into the authors' framework. How can probability models in geography be discussed without even mentioning Markov chains, the Hagerstrand spatial diffusion model, or random walks? Similarly, no treatment is given of the input-output model of the Leontief type either in its conventional, inter­ regional, or ecological-economic forms. The latter would have been ideal in that it attempts to model human and physical interactions. There is also no discussion of spatial theories of urban or rural land-use structure. Thus although the book has many shortcomings none of them are so serious that they could not be remedied by a competent instructor. The authors provide an interesting pedagogical base upon which a very effective course could be built. In conclusion, these two volumes are further evidence that quantitative geo­ graphy is coming of age and being integrated into the mainstream of contemporary geography. Both attempt to provide some balance between human and physical topics, although their approaches differ significantly. Wilson and Kirkby teach more mathematics, whereas Thomas and Huggett attempt to teach the funda­ mentals of modelling geographical systems. Together, these texts could provide the basis of a fine full year course in mathematical models in geography, but such a course, however excellent, would not be a substitute for basic mathematics courses in calculus and linear algebra.