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Statistical and Clinical Significance: Are They One and the Same?

The WOC nurse is often challenged to juggle the demands of inpatient and outpatient care, staff development, consultations, staying current with practice innovations, and responding to administrative initiatives. One cannot afford to spend time reading and interpreting yet another research article that does not address priority clinical issues in a practical way. The call for WOC nursing practice to be more evidence-based is critically important, but how does one decide that research findings are clinically important enough to warrant changing practice? We propose that in order to evaluate the clinical significance of study findings, statistical significance is one of several important criteria that must be considered. In this article, we will review the concepts of clinical significance, statistical significance, power, and effect size. The goal of this discussion is to assist the WOC nurse to evaluate research in order to determine its potential to improve patient outcomes for the unique populations under his or her care.