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Review : Heat-shock proteins as biomarkers of pollution

shock proteins (HSPs), approximately two thirds deal with clinical, diagnostic or prognostic studies in the medical field. Among the rest, there is a sprinkling of newly isolated hsp gene-sequences from a wide range of organisms, a wealth of molecular detail on hsp gene-regulatory mechanisms and a burgeoning array of protein:protein interactions involving HSPs. Evolutionary relationships between taxa are also being re-evaluated in the light of gene-sequence comparisons involving the highly conserved hsp70 gene family. By comparison, reports on the biomonitoring applications of heat shock proteins are relatively sparse and often contradictory; the least one can say is that the usefulness of HSPs as biomarkers in ecotoxicology remains to be fully evaluated. The purpose of this review is to indicate some promising lines for development, as well as some pitfalls.