{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0428921568627451, 'fraction_numerical': 0.029411764705882353, 'mean_word_length': 5.536, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Blood 2,5-dimethyfuran as a sensitive and specific biomarker for cigarette smoking

Abstract Objective: We evaluated the validity of blood 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) for determining smoking status using population-based data. Methods: We obtained blood DMF concentrations and smoking status from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006 and computed sensitivity, specificity and Kappa statistic. Results: Self-reported smoking showed very high agreement (Kappa = 92.8–93.3%) in daily smokers and fair agreement in non-daily smokers (Kappa = 33.7–36.4%). Coffee intake did not influence the detection of blood DMF. Conclusions: Blood DMF has comparable sensitivity and specificity with serum cotinine for identifying current daily smokers, which may make it a useful biomarker in epidemiologic studies.