{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.028698979591836735, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002551020408163265, 'mean_word_length': 5.942477876106195, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effects of single- and hybrid-frequency extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field stimulations on long-term potentiation in the hippocampal Schaffer collateral pathway

Abstract Purpose: To study the different effects of single- and hybrid-frequency magnetic fields on long-term potentiation (LTP) in synaptic plasticity. Materials and methods: Based on the online electromagnetic field stimulation system and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) recording system, we applied four different single- and hybrid-frequency magnetic fields with an intensity of 1 mT to the Schaffer collateral (CA1) pathway of rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Results: The amplitude of fEPSPs decreased significantly under both single- and hybrid-frequency magnetic stimulation. Lower single-frequency magnetic stimulation on LTP had a greater regulating effect, while the regulating effect among four different hybrid-frequency extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) stimulations on LTP showed no significant differences. Conclusion: Single-frequency magnetic stimulation produces more significant regulatory effects, and the lower the frequency, the more significant the regulatory effect. The effect of hybrid-frequency magnetic stimulation in each group was similar, and there was no significant difference between each group. The 15-Hz single-frequency magnetic stimulation group showed the most significant regulatory effect, but once it was mixed with other higher frequency magnetic stimulation, its regulation effect was significantly weakened.