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Book Review: When Mayors Take Charge: School Governance in the City, Joseph P. Viteritti, ed. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2009. 224 pp. $49.95 (cloth); $22.95 (paper)

highly correlate with both the percentage foreign-born and the proportion of native-born Blacks who lost factory jobs or felt their neighborhoods threatened. The difference was that at neither the local nor the federal level were the post-1965 new immigrants victimized by a repeat of the earlier politics of “racial containment.” Matthew A. Crenson convincingly restores Baltimore’s historically important role in shaping African-American politics, while Alethia Jones analyzes the changing needs of urban immigrants in the wake of the Panic of 1907 as catalyst for the creation of U.S. postal savings banks that provided a precedent for New Deal deposit insurance. In his conclusion, Ira Katznelson quotes from Charles Merriam’s 1926 presidential address to the American Political Science Association, also quoted in Richardson Dilworth’s introduction: “one of the most striking advances during the last twenty-one years has been that centering around the problem of the modern city. . . . In no field has there been more scientific and practical political research than here” (pp. 5, 256). Calling for a critical “deep pluralism” very different than that of the 1950s, Katznelson nevertheless pays wry tribute to Dahl’s generation for being the last among American political scientists to look to cities for a fundamental understanding of values like liberalism and democracy. The paradox of this excellent volume, as both Dilworth and Katznelson point out, is that it may be precisely recent political science’s institutional isolation from the immersion in practical politics so characteristic of Merriam’s day that made American political development’s founders so laggard in applying their approach to the study of urban politics. As Jane Jacobs (1969, 92) has so acutely observed, cities vitally represent the “great, confused . . . laboratory” of the American political economy.