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The Perception of European Geography in Mughal-Period Persian Texts: A Preliminary Exploration

Geography, as known to the Mughal court and the Persian-writing authors of Mughal India, should have expanded in respect of Europe once the Portuguese and then the Dutch, English and French merchants arrived in India. An exploration of Persian texts containing geographical information, including lists of places in the world with their coordinates, reveals that while both Indian and European geographers followed the same Hellenistic system of coordinates, there was very meagre information about Europe added in Mughal-period texts to what had already been recorded in earlier Arabic-Persian works, and this remained pretty meagre. Even the discovery of the New World was rarely noticed and so its implications were not at all comprehended.