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Unilateral orchidomegaly with precocious puberty: A challenging diagnosis

Clinical diagnosis of testicular masses in presence of precocious puberty is often tricky. In such cases, the main differential diagnoses include testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) and leydig cell tumors (LCTs). Tumor cells in both TART and LCT exhibit marked morphologic similarities, thereby amplifying the diagnostic difficulty. However, as in the present case, subtle clinical cues and an immunocytochemical panel can supplement cytomorphology in achieving an accurate pre-operative diagnosis even in challenging cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.