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Magnetic characterization of synthetic titanomagnetites

[ 1 ] A series of four synthetic basalts comprising titanomagnetite (Fe 3-x Ti x O 4 ) grains of varied size and titanium content have been produced by a glass-ceramic method. Complementary characterization techniques of X-ray diffractometry, secondary electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrate the reaction product composition consisted of mainly Fe 3-x Ti x O 4 , pyroxene hedenbergite, fayalite, and SiO 2 . The samples exhibit bimodal distributions of larger ( < 2 m m) and smaller Fe 3-x Ti x O 4 particles ( < 50 nm in diameter), the latter found inside pyroxene crystals, as well as the sporadic occurance of dendritic Fe 3-x Ti x O 4 structures. Magnetic measurements show their bulk characteristics fall into two groups: Ti-rich titanomagnetite samples with varying Ti content; and near-stoichiometric magnetite. The TEM technique of off-axis electron holography allowed for visualization of the magnetic behavior of the synthetic Fe 3-x Ti x O 4 grains. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and off-axis electron holography conﬁrmed the small Fe 3-x Ti x O 4 grains ( < 50 nm) conﬁned within glassy pyroxene regions to be Fe-rich and single domain, carrying strong magnetic signals, compared to the relatively magnetically weak larger Fe 3-x Ti x O 4 grains ( x (cid:2) 0.6). The large grains in the pure magnetite sample are shown to be pseudo-single domain in nature. The quenching process involved in synthesis is considered similar to that of pillow basalts found at mid-ocean ridges and hence the reaction products are thought ideal in terms of characterization and understanding, for the purpose of studying natural systems.