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A Comparison of Outcomes of Trauma Patients With Ventilator-Associated Events by Diagnostic Criteria Set

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention replaced the definition for ventilator-associated pneumonia with an algorithm comprised of three categories: ventilator-associated condition (VAC), infection-related ventilator associated complication (IVAC), and possible ventilator-associated pneumonia (PVAP). We sought to compare the outcome of trauma patients with VAEs to those with no VAEs. Methods: Patients admitted from 2013 to 2017 were identified from trauma registry. Logistic regression was performed for the association between VAEs and mortality. Results: Two thousand six hundred eighty patients were admitted to our trauma center, 2,290 had no VAE, 100 had VACs, 85 had IVACs, and 205 had PVAPs. Adjusted for race, sex, blunt injury mechanisms, and Injury Severity Score, all VAEs had a longer hospital length of stay, intensive care unit stay, and days of ventilator support when compared with those with no VAE (all P < 0.0001). Nosocomial complication rates were not different by VAE group. Compared with patients with no VAE, an over 2-fold increased mortality odds was observed for VAC (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.50–3.80) and IVAC patients (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.23–3.47), and a 50% mortality increased was observed for PVAP patients (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.00–2.12). These associations became similar with an approximate 2.5-fold increased mortality odds among patients with at least 1 week on ventilator support. Conclusion: VAEs increase the odds of mortality, particularly for patients with VACs and IVACs. Among patients on ventilator support for at least a week, the associations are similar among VAE types, suggesting no single VAE type is more severe than others.