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Grass Hedge Effects on Gully Hydraulics and Erosion

S.M. Dabney, USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, Mississippi sdabney@ars.usda.gov, FAX 662.232.2988 F.D. Shields, Jr., USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, Mississippi dshields@ars.usda.gov, FAX 662.232.2988 E.J. Langendoen, USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, Mississippi elangendoen@ars.usda.gov, FAX 662.281.5706 D.M. Temple, USDA-ARS Hydraulic Engineering Research Unit, Stillwater, Oklahoma dtemple@pswcrl.ars.usda.gov, FAX 405-624-4136 ABSTRACT. Concentrated flow can cause gully formation on sloping lands and in riparian zones adjacent to incising stream channels. Current practice for riparian gully control involves blocking the gully with a structure comprised of an earthen embankment and a metal or plastic pipe. Measures involving native vegetation would be more attractive for habitat recovery and economic reasons. To test the hypothesis that switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) hedges planted at 0.5-m vertical intervals within a gully would control erosion, we established a series of hedges in four concentrated flow channels. Two of the channels were previously eroded trapezoidal channels cut into compacted fill in an outdoor laboratory. The other two channels were natural gullies located at the margin of floodplain fields adjacent to an incised stream. While vegetation was dormant, we created artificial runoff events in the two laboratory gullies and one of the natural gullies using synthetic trapezoidal-shaped hydrographs with peak discharge rates of approximately 0.03, 0.07, and 0.16 m s. During these tests we monitored flow depth, velocity, turbidity, and soil pore water pressures. The fourth gully was subjected to a series of natural runoff events over a five-month period with peaks up to 0.09 m s. Flow depths in all tests