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Texture features distinguish benign cell clusters from adenocarcinomas on bile duct brushing cytology images

Bile duct cancer, or cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare and aggressive form of cancer, with approximately 2,500 new diagnoses each year in the United States. Biliary adenocarcinoma comprise of 90% of reported cholangiocarcinoma cases and often presents symptoms in later stages and is therefore associated with poor patient outcomes. Survival rates of cholangiocarcinoma when diagnosed at late stage are 6%, but can be improved to 15% when diagnosed early. Many previous studies have investigated the role of quantitative histomorphometric (QH) features on routinely acquired hematoxylin and eosin (HE 58 g radian orientations, all selected by the mRMR test. We obtained an AUC of 0:83 ±0:01 using 3-fold cross-validation on 39 patients in the training set and 20 patients in the testing set.