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Towards Probing Skin Cancer using Endogenous Melanin Fluorescence

The main pigment of human skin, whether, it is a blemish such as café au lait spots, lentigos, or dark areas under the eye, is a heterogeneous polymer called melanin that is entangled with proteins. In the human skin there are two types of melanin, namely, eumelanin and pheomelanin (Teuchner et al 1999). Eumelanin and pheomelanin are produced as a result of the enzyme tyrosine, which induces the biosynthesis of melanin. Of the two types of melanin, eumelanin is the predominant type in human skin. The main biological function of native melanin is to protect the skin from photodamage, especially in the uv-wavelength range. In other words, melanin (especially eumelanin) acts as a sun screen. However, the photoinduced by-product of pheomelanin is free radicals that may activate carcinogenic processes (Teuchner et al, 1999). The underlying mechanism, that triggers either the beneficial action of melanin in the skin or its malignant transformation, is not fully understood.