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The role of the scapula.

The scapular musculature is often neglected in designing a rehabilitation protocol for the shoulder. Weakness of the scapular stabilizers and resultant altered biomechanics could result in: 1) abnormal stresses to the anterior capsular structures of the shoulder, 2) increased possibility of rotator cuff compression, and 3) decreased performance. This article presents known facts about the biomechanics of the scapula and surrounding muscles and suggests methods for evaluation of scapular muscle weakness. Exercise techniques to maximally strengthen the scapular musculature are also described. As our ability to document strength of these muscles improves, we will be able to determine the effect of scapular strengthening on improving symptoms related to impingement and instability. Scapular strengthening exercises are usually nonstressful to the rotator cuff and are easily implemented into a rehabilitation program for the shoulder.