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Toxicity and hazard of the herbicide, paraquat, in turkeys.

Abstract The toxicity of the herbicide, paraquat, in turkeys varied according to administration route. The lethal dose was about 100 mg./kg. by intraperitoneal injection, 20 mg./kg. by intravenous injection, 290 mg./kg. by oral administration and 500 mg./kg. by dermal application. Signs of oral paraquat poisoning include a fetid diarrhea, ruffled feathers, dullness or listlessness and anorexia. Short, terminal convulsions were seen in birds dosed orally. Necropsy lesions were primarily those of extensive gastroenteritis in birds dosed orally; lesions of dermal poisoning were emaciation and blistering and cracking of skin with exudate matting the feathers. Turkeys kept in small range plots for 30 days, beginning 24 hours after the plots were sprayed with paraquat at the recommended rate (2 oz. cation/acre) and at 100 times the recommended rate (200 oz. cation/acre), had no signs of toxicity.