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Has Bank Consolidation Changed People’s Access to a Full-Service Bank Branch?

Consolidation — the combining of banking institutions via mergers and acquisitions — became widespread in the 1980s and continued into the 1990s and 2000s as regulatory changes permitted banks to operate in multiple states and technology enabled banking institutions to provide services at lower costs (Rhoades, 1996; Adams, 2012; Wheelock, 2011). While the benefits of consolidating are clear for an institution, the benefits (and costs) for the consumer are less clear, especially as media headlines often associate consolidation with the closing of bank branches.