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Antithrombotic Efficacy of Recombinant Tick Anticoagulant Peptide: A Potent Inhibitor of Coagulation Factor Xa in a Primate Model of Arterial Thrombosis

BackgroundTick anticoagulant peptide is a specific, potent inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa. The effects of recombinant tick anticoagulant peptide (rTAP) and standard heparin (SH) were compared in an anesthetized baboon model of arterial thrombosis where platelet deposition onto a Dacron vascular graft segment of an arteriovenous (AV) shunt was studied. Methods and ResultsAnimals were randomized to receive systemic administration of SH (10 or 100 U/kg i.v. bolus followed by 0.4 or 1.0 U/kg/min i.v. infusion, respectively) or rTAP (6.25, 12.5, or 25.0 yg/kg/min i.v. infusion). rTAP, but not SH, caused a significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent reduction of indium-ill labeled platelet and iodine-125 labeled fibrin(ogen) deposition onto the graft. Deposition was not significantly increased from baseline values during infusion of 12.5 or 25.0 μg/kg/min of rTAP. Blood flow was maintained at 64 ± 9, 95 + 2, or 97 ± 2% of baseline following infusion of 6.25, 12.5, or 25.0 μg/kg/min of rTAP, respectively. Both SH and rTAP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the systemic fibrinopeptide A (FPA) elevation during exposure to the Dacron graft. rTAP was fully antithrombotic at APTT values of 42.6 ± 2.4 seconds (less than twofold basal value), while SH had no antithrombotic efficacy despite APTT values greater than 150 seconds (greater than fivefold basal value). ConclusionsThe demonstrated antithrombotic effect of rTAP in the absence of alterations in primary hemostasis suggests that controlling thrombin generation through inhibition of factor Xa may be a novel and effective pharmacological approach in the prevention of high-shear arterial thrombosis.