{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03358868591632292, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0041249263406010605, 'mean_word_length': 5.480916030534351, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Endogenous Regulator of G-Protein Signaling Proteins Modify N-Type Calcium Channel Modulation in Rat Sympathetic Neurons

Experiments using heterologous overexpression indicate that regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins play important roles in Gβγ-mediated ion channel modulation. However, the roles subserved by endogenous RGS proteins have not been extensively examined because tools for functionally inhibiting natively expressed RGS proteins are lacking. To address this void, we used a strategy in which GαoA was rendered insensitive to pertussis toxin (PTX) and RGS proteins by site-directed mutagenesis. Either PTX-insensitive (PTX-i) or both PTX- and RGS-insensitive (PTX/RGS-i) mutants of GαoA were expressed along with Gβ1 and Gγ2 subunits in rat sympathetic neurons. After overnight treatment with PTX to suppress natively expressed Gα subunits, voltage-dependent Ca2+ current inhibition by norepinephrine (NE) (10 μm) was reconstituted in neurons expressing either PTX-i or PTX/RGS-i GαoA. When compared with neurons expressing PTX-i GαoA, the steady-state concentration–response relationships for NE-induced Ca2+ current inhibition were shifted to lower concentrations in neurons expressing PTX/RGS-i GαoA. In addition to an increase in agonist potency, the expression of PTX/RGS-i GαoA dramatically retarded the current recovery after agonist removal. Interestingly, the alteration in current recovery was accompanied by a slowing in the onset of current inhibition. Together, our data suggest that endogenous RGS proteins contribute to membrane-delimited Ca2+ channel modulation by regulating agonist potency and kinetics of G-protein-mediated signaling in neuronal cells.