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Experts' Circumvention of Processing Limitations: An Example From the Sport of Orienteering

This article provides a discussion of how experts in the sport of orienteering are able to circumvent natural limits on information processing during performance and thus acquire a performance advantage. Orienteering requires navigation in outdoor environments and thus research on skill acquisition in orienteering is of relevance to an understanding of military tasks involving navigation and their training. It is also argued that insight into how experts in general circumvent natural limits on processing is of relevance to an understanding of performance on high-tempo, high-workload tasks common in military settings. Findings from a series of studies of orienteering show how expert orienteers develop various strategies that change the way task-relevant information is mentally processed or displayed in the environment prior to being processed in order to circumvent processing limitations. Implications of this research for training in navigation-based military tasks and other military-related tasks are discussed.