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Finite-Energy Global Well-Posedness of the Maxwell–Klein–Gordon System in Lorenz Gauge

It is known that the Maxwell–Klein–Gordon system (M–K–G), when written relative to the Coulomb gauge, is globally well-posed for finite-energy initial data. This result, due to Klainerman and Machedon, relies crucially on the null structure of the main bilinear terms of M–K–G in Coulomb gauge. It appears to have been believed that such a structure is not present in Lorenz gauge, but we prove here that it is, and we use this fact to prove finite-energy global well-posedness in Lorenz gauge. The latter has the advantage, compared to Coulomb gauge, of being Lorentz invariant, hence M–K–G in Lorenz gauge is a system of nonlinear wave equations, whereas in Coulomb gauge the system has a less symmetric form, as it contains also an elliptic equation.