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The Concept of Maintaining Personal Reputation in Educational Institutions

A reputable institution needs individuals who are able to maintain their personal reputation. This applies to all lecturers, education staff, and students. By maintaining a good personal reputation, the institution’s reputation will also be safeguarded. The objective of the study is to explore the concept of maintaining a good personal reputation from the perspective lecturers, education staff, and students of the Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Semarang. Sources of data in this study came from lecturers and education staff in the faculty. The data was collected using a questionnaire which was then analyzed using a qualitative approach of Miles, Huberman, and Sadana. The results show that more than 89% of respondents at the Faculty of Languages and Arts agree and strongly agree to maintain their personal reputation. Most of them use WhatsApp that is equipped with group and status features that give everyone the opportunity to share what they feel and build their reputation. The use of language is also very important in efforts to maintain a personal reputation. Personal reputation is not something suddenly. This reputation is built through time. The statements of the respondent can be categorized via 6 elements consisting of (1) human capital, (2) time, (3) social control, (4) career success, (5) power, and (6) autonomy.


Introduction
In the article Toward a theory of reputation in organizations, Zinko et all. discuss in depth what is reputation. They state that although there is no single agreement about the definition of reputation, in general, it can be said that reputation refers to the collective perception of the individual through several other references, which are influenced by the individual actors themselves which do not appear suddenly, but through a period of time [1].
Zinko et al. also state that personal reputation in organizations is the extent to which individuals have perceived others, from time to time, such as doing their work IC-HEDS 2019 competently and helping others at work. This personal reputation is built on previous work that characterizes a reputation at work with work-related behaviors and personal characteristics that others feel from time to time, with an emphasis on the dimensions of performance and character [2]. The term reputation is usually found in the corporate field. Based on Webster's New World, one definition of reputation is what is shown to a person or the public, community and so on. In other words, the way you look or present yourself shapes your image that from time to time builds a reputation [5]. Reputations are self-validating in the sense that beliefs derived from one source are confirmed by other sources [6]. Reputation can also enable individuals to get rewards, such as autonomy and opportunity, especially for individuals who have a powerful reputation in the organization. The organization utilizes a personal reputation to predict its members' behaviors and build their own corporate reputation [3].
It can be concluded that the reputation is (1) a value that can be given to individuals, institutions, or countries; (2) perceptual identity that is formed from the collective perception of others; (3) reflects the complex combination of personal characteristics, and achievements.
In this research, the concept of maintaining personal reputations was confirmed by lecturers and education staff. This research was aims to know how they maintain their personal reputation so that they will be perceived as individuals who have prominent characteristics.

Methods
This research is a qualitative study using a questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. Data collected from the answers of respondents who have filled out the questionnaire. Data analysis is done by organizing the data obtained into categories, describing the data into units, analyzing important data, collecting data following the research problem and making conclusions so that it is easy to translate. Following this type of research, the interactive models from Miles and Huberman [4] are used to analyze the research data. Activities in qualitative data analysis are carried out interactively and continue continuously until finished so that the data is already saturated. These steps are issued, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion collected. In the process of data reduction, the data obtained by researchers is reduced by summarizing, selecting and focusing data on things that are by the research objectives. Furthermore, in the process of presenting data, the data obtained from the questionnaire has been obtained and then obtained in the form of notes. The final step in the qualitative data IC-HEDS 2019 analysis interactive model is the conclusion of verification. Based on the data that has been reduced and presented, researchers make conclusions that are supported by strong evidence at the time of data collection.

Identity
From 119 respondents, Table 1 indicates the years of service of respondent. The shortest working period is 5 Candidate Civil Servants with a working period of less than a year.
The longest is in 2 respondents with the working period between 36 -40 years. Around 83 respondents are in the working period of 6-20 years. This work period is expected to be used to identify whether the period of work at an institution can influence them in maintaining a reputation. Furthermore, to see how respondents maintain their reputation through social media can be seen from the use of social media as can be seen in Table 2. From this data, it can be seen that each respondent uses at least one social media and several respondents use more than one social media. The most social media used is WhatsApp because this application is currently the most rapid and effective means of communication to use. In addition, this application also comes with status and group features that allow everyone in the environment to see, making it easier for people to share about themselves and build a reputation.

Discussion
From 119 respondents, 113 agree and strongly agree that they have to maintain their personal reputation, 112 respondents agree and strongly agree that   Zinko (2015) autonomy within an organization will increase if an individual has a powerful personal reputation because the organization feels less of a need to monitor that person's activities as closely as they might otherwise [3]. In other words, each individual in an institution can control his own attitude so that the institution will also get a good reputation. Therefore, this is in line with what Bromley explained that personal reputation affects corporate reputation [7]. In this case, the corporate is an institution where respondents staff work.

Conclusion
From this study, it can be concluded that more than 89% of respondents namely lecturers and education staff at Faculty of Languages and Arts agree and strongly agree to maintain their personal reputation which could theoretically be categorized as an antecedent of personal reputation consisting of (1) human capital, (2) time, (3) social control, (4) career success, (5) power, and (6) autonomy. Thus, the majority of respondents realize that their personal reputation can affect the reputation of institutions which can affect the image of institutions in society. Therefore, each member of the institution is expected to be able to maintain their personal reputation properly.

Funding
This work was supported by Faculty of Languages and Arts Universitas Negeri Semarang