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The Impact of the EV Aggregator on the Stability Regions of the Time-Delayed LFC-EV with FOPI Controller

In this paper, an Electric Vehicle (EV) aggregator is included both primary and secondary frequency control loops of a single-area Load Frequency Control (LFC) system via the droop coefficient and participation factor, respectively. Then, its impact on the stability regions in controller parameter space is investigated in detail. The effect of the Gain and Phase Margin Tester (GPMT) coefficients and integrator order of the Fractional-Order PI (FOPI) controller on the stability region are also examined. Finally, MATLAB-Simulink-based studies prove that the EV aggregator contributes positively to the stability regions under the LFC-EV concept.