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Cousin jacks and ancient Britons: Cornish immigrants and ethnic identity

In recent years, the 'great emigration' from nineteenth-century Cornwall has become an established area of academic inquiry, prompting a number of studies of the Comish impact and experience in Australia, the United States of America, South Africa and elsewhere. There have also been attempts to analyse and explain the characteristics of Cornish emigration, to account for the departure from Cornwall for overseas destinations of some 250,000 people (with perhaps a similar number to other parts of the British Isles) between 1815 and 1914, identifying in the process the underlying 'push' and 'pull' factors as well as the continuities and changes during this century-long phenomenon. Similarly, there have been attempts to discern a 'culture of mobility' in nineteenth-century Cornwall, one which had its roots in an earlier Cornish involvement in the first waves of imperial expansion and in the initial European settlement of America and Australia, and an attendant 'emigration culture' and 'emigration trade' which came to dominate Cornish life in the years after 1815. Only recently, however, has a more comparative overview been attempted, the suggestion being that — as well as comparing more closely the Comish experiences in the different lands to which they emigrated — more attention should be paid to considering those experiences in the light of more general models of emigration and ethnicity.