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Electromyographic and Intraoral Air-Pressure Studies of Bi-Labial Stops

INTRODUCTION There have been a number of electromyographic (EMG) studies of the lips (Harris et al. 1965; Fromkin 1966; Perrin and Scharf 1970; Tatham and Morton 1968a, 1968b, 1970), at least one Lubker and Parris 1970) involving simultaneous measurement of intraoral air pressure behind bilabial stops. The experiment reported here was one of a series designed to throw light on the problem of deciding how much of the output of speech production is dependent upon the phonology and how much on the phonetics. We are not however reporting the experiment and its conclusions as supporting this or that theory, but as filling in this or that gap in our factual knowledge or clarifying this or that suspected fact. For this reason we refrain in this paper from speculation and present as much raw data as possible for readers to draw their own conclusions: we have indicated ours. Electromyographic studies lend themselves to the statistics game and we have had our fair share here. Many EMG studies of the lips have undertaken comparisons between the occurrences of certain segments in various positions within the word, under various degrees of stress, between segments labelled in the phonology as plus/minus voice/tense, and so on. In this experiment we try to examine in a more detailed way than has usually been attempted the relationship between the contraction of just one muscle (m. orbicularis oris) and the event which it is principally responsible for in bilabial stop consonants — achieving lip closure. The lip closure results in (or is brought about to achieve) an increase in intraoral air pressure and so we took measurements of this variable also during the experiment.