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Synthesis of mesoporous Fe3Si aerogel as a photo-thermal material for highly efficient and stable corrosive-water evaporation

Synthesis of photothermal materials with high efficiency and anti-corrosion stability is key for photothermal corrosive-water evaporation, but remains a great challenge. Herein, for the first time, we developed mesoporous Fe3Si aerogel as a new photothermal material for remarkably efficient and stable corrosive-water evaporation. The as-prepared Fe3Si aerogel presented narrow mesopores with a size of 2–3 nm that could greatly reduce the thermal conductivity to 0.04 W m−1 K−1, which is the lowest reported value so far, and depressed the latent heat of water evaporation. The obtained Fe3Si aerogel supported on melamine foam demonstrated outstanding seawater evaporation rate of 2.08 kg m−2 h−1 and high solar-thermal utilization efficiency of 91.8% under one solar level irradiation, exceeding those of most of the photothermal materials. Notably, owing to the strong corrosion resistance, the support-free hydrophobic Fe3Si aerogel displayed utrastable solar-thermal water evaporation performance, with more than 1 kg m−2 h−1 of water evaporation and outstanding cycling stability in two highly corrosive solutions, namely, 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M NaOH. Therefore, we believe that the Fe3Si aerogels have great potential for wide industrial applications such as seawater desalination, salt production, brine management and water purification.