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Forward to the Past: Wolves in the Northern Rockies and the Future of ESA Politics

As the 30th birthday of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) passes and the act moves toward middle age, it is possible to discern a new generation of ESA-related issues. One of these is the management of the small number of species that have recovered or will recover to the point where they can be delisted. The delisting of some species raises two important questions that are the focus of this article. First, how will the delisting of species affect the relationship between state governments and the federal government? Second, how will state efforts to manage delisted species seek a balance between utilitarian and ecological values? This article examines the planned delisting of the gray wolf in the northern Rocky Mountains and three state management plans (Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming). It argues that the compromises entailed in these management plans suggest a sense of the future direction of the politics of species conservation.