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Influence of different Ag/ZnO heterostructures on the removal efficiency of multidrug‐resistant Enterococcus faecium harboring multiple resistance genes from tap water

The adsorption efficiency of different Ag/ZnO heterostructures was investigated for the removal of multidrug‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (MDR_EF) harboring multiple resistance genes from tap‐water. The concentration of the precursors influences the microstructures of the adsorbents; however, it did not significantly affect the adsorption efficiency. The maximum adsorption capacity, qe, (34.11 CFU/g), was obtained for Ag1Zn3.5. The kinetic studies revealed that Ag1Zn1 and Ag1Zn2 adsorbents agreed to the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic equation and adsorbents Ag2Zn1, Ag3.5Zn1 and Ag1Zn3.5 agreed to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation. Initial tap‐water pH range was beneficial for the adsorption and the pH of the treated tap‐water was within the WHO tap water recommendation (6.5–8.5), whereas the effect of ionic strength, anionic and cationic interference was insignificant in the adsorption of MDR_EF onto the different heterostructure. Interestingly, the MDR_EF could retain its cell membrane integrity and resistance genes, suggesting that surface adsorption was the primary mechanism for the removal.