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Simulation of Nadir Looking P-BAND Radar Return for Biomass Retrieval Applications

the capability of a spaceborne nadir looking radar operating at P-band to retrieve the forest biomass is investigated. A system, named MIMOSA, 435 MHz and 6MHz bandwidth, has been previously designed for the sounding of the Antarctica ice sheet and this study jumps the opportunity of it for other applications as secondary objectives Indeed the correlation between the radar backscatter coefficient and the forest biomass increases significantly as the radar frequency decreases. It has, thus, been shown that the backscattered signal, at P band and oblique incidence, tends to saturate when the biomass reaches about 200 tons/ha whereas most forest ecosystems playing an important role in the hydrologic and biological cycles of the Earth, cover the range of 100-300 tons/ha. Unfortunately, airborne data at P-band with the MIMOSA characteristics are not available for the moment. Nevertheless, several radar campaigns conducted with the helicopter-borne dual frequency (C and X band) ERASME over different types of forest -tropical rain forest, mangrove, temperate forest (3),(4) have demonstrated the interest of radar nadir looking measurements in order to get the vertical structure of the forest. The range resolution of the radar was adapted to the total height of the trees (from a few meters up to 30 or 60m), while the horizontal resolution was also adapted to the scale of observation of forest stands. On the other hand, airborne campaigns with a 60 MHz radar have also demonstrated the usefulness of ice radio soundings