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The Effects of Nano-Curcumin Supplementation on Leptin and Adiponectin in Migraine Patients: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial Study from Gene Expression to Clinical Symptoms.

BACKGROUND
Migraine is a disabling neurogenic disorder characterized by recurrent headache attacks. Adipokines act as inflammatory and pain mediators contribute to migraine pathogenesis. Leptin and adiponectin levels change in migraine patients and are associated with headache attacks. Curcumin can exert modulatory and analgesic effects on adipokines trough several mechanisms from gene expression to suppressing pain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nano-curcumin supplementation on leptin and adiponectin gene expression, their serum levels and migraine symptoms in patients with migraine.


METHODS
Forty-four episodic migraine patients enrolled in this trial and were divided into two groups as nano-curcumin (80 mg/day) and placebo group over a two-month period. At the beginning and the end of the study, the mRNA expression of leptin and adiponectin from isolated PBMCs and their serum levels were measured using real-time PCR and ELISA method respectively. The headache frequencies, severity and duration of pain were also recorded.


RESULTS
The results of the present research showed that nano-curcumin can up-regulate adiponectin mRNA and increase its serum level significantly (P<0.05). In the case of leptin, a reduction in gene expression and concentration were found in nano-curcumin group but were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Nano-curcumin also significantly reduced the frequency, severity and duration of headaches (P<0.05).


CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that nano-curcumin supplement can be considered as a promising approach in migraine management and clinical symptoms improvement.