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368 Effects of Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota of Sanhe Heifers from Different Altitude Regions


 The rumen microbiome has an important role in providing nutrition to ruminants, which is linked to feed efficiency and environmental adaptability of ruminants. However, there is no report about the influence of different altitude regions on rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota of Sanhe cattles. In this study, 20 ruminal fluid samples of Sanhe heifers were collected from Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (119°57 'E, 47°17' N; about 700 m altitude, LAL) and Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region (91°06'E, 29°36'N; about 3 750 m altitude, HAL), and were analyzed by gas chromatography and high-throughput sequencing to determine the rumen fermentation parameters and 16SrRNA gene. The results showed that the acetic acid/propionic acid of the high-altitude group was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), but there were no significant differences in other volatile fatty acids, rumen pH, and ammonia nitrogen (P > 0.05). The composition of the rumen bacteria of the Sanhe heifers in the high-altitude group at the phylum level, high altitude significantly reduced the relative abundance of Actinomycetes (P < 0.05), and significantly increased the relative abundance of Spirillum (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Firmicutes and Firmicutes (P > 0.05). At the genus level, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 increased significantly (P < 0.05); Ruminococcus_1 (P < 0.05), Olsenella (P < 0.05), and Pseudobutyrivibrio (P < 0.05) decreased significantly. Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214 and Ruminococcus_2 have a downward trend (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10). The results of this study revealed that different altitude regions influenced the microbiota composition and fermentation function of the Sanhe heifers rumen, which can provide some new insights in the mechanism of Sanhe heifers adapting to high altitude and provide a theoretical basis for the nutritional regulation of Sanhe cattle in high-altitude areas.