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Cervical Vertebral Morphology and Neck Mobility in Gibbons (Hylobates lar) and Humans

The form and function of the primate cervical spine is poorly understood. Specifically, how the bony morphology of the cervical vertebrae facilitates spinal range of motion within primates is not known. Within mammals, primate cervical vertebrae present relatively unique morphologies, such as the uncinate processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between vertebral morphology and range of motion in the cervical spine of gibbons and humans. Vertebral morphology is variable within the cervical column (i.e. the morphology of C3 is different from that of C7). Range of motion also varies between intervertebral joints. These variations allow us to explore the relationship between form and function intraspecifically. We predict that range in flexion will be greater in vertebrae with taller bodies, extension inhibited by long spinous processes, and the range of lateral flexion will be lesser in vertebrae with longer transverse process length and taller uncinate processes. These hypotheses were tested using humans and gibbons (Hylobates lar).