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A High-Performance Shade-Tolerant MPPT Based on Current-Mode Control

This paper proposes a high-performance shade-tolerant maximum power point tracking (STMPPT) technique for dc–dc converter stage of photovoltaic (PV) applications. The average current-mode control (ACMC) is utilized to regulate the PV array current using two feedback control loops. The current-mode control is a superior scheme in control of dc–dc power electronic converters. The proposed STMPPT technique operates in two modes. The ACMC with the perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm functions in a local MPPT mode under normal irradiance condition. When the PV array is likely to be partially shaded, a global MPPT subroutine effectively scans the PV profile to optimize the PV system operation. This is achieved by implementing simple innovations to the ACMC-based P&O algorithm. The innovations benefit from useful observations of I–V characteristics. The idea behind using the I–V characteristics is to significantly reduce the search space, make the algorithm independent of shading conditions and PV array configuration, and inherently recognize the occurrence of partial shading conditions. The proposed STMPPT technique enables very fast and reliable tracking of global maximum power point. In addition, it can stably work under dynamic environmental change without losing correct sense of tracking direction. Its simplicity and independency would offer a viable solution for PV converter products. Simulation and experimental performance assessments are presented under different operating conditions that could happen in outdoor PV installations.