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Closed-loop supply chain network configuration by a multi-objective mathematical model

Integration of forward and reverse channels results in closed-loop supply chain networks. In this research, a mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed to configure a closed-loop supply chain network. The network includes multiple products, plants, recovery technologies, demand markets, and collection centres. The objective function is minimisation of the total cost. The model can determine number and locations of open facilities, and flows of products in the network. In addition, we develop the model to multi-objectives by considering minimisation of defect rates and time of operations in collection centres. To solve the model, weighted-sums and distance methods are applied in copier remanufacturing example and the results are analysed. Moreover, value path approach is applied to compare the results of different methods.