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A randomized controlled trial of the effect of psychotherapy on anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of psychotherapy on the anxiety and depression levels of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


DESIGN
A blind, randomized, controlled trial.


SETTING
Outpatient university pulmonary rehabilitation program in Brazil.


PARTICIPANTS
Thirty patients with COPD (mean age, 60.33y; 22 men) attending a pulmonary rehabilitation program were randomized into 2 groups: experimental group (G1) and control group (G2). Both groups underwent a 12-week treatment program.


INTERVENTIONS
Group 1 (n=14) participated in 24 sessions of physical exercise, 24 sessions of physiotherapy, 12 psychologic sessions, and 3 educational sessions. Group 2 did not participate in psychotherapy sessions.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
All patients were evaluated at baseline and at completion of the pulmonary rehabilitation program by using 3 instruments: the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD).


RESULTS
Both groups showed statistically significant improvements on the 6MWD (G1, P<.001; G2, P=.03). Only G1 had a significant reduction in anxiety and depression levels (G1: BAI, P<.001; BDI, P<.001; G2: BAI, P=.156; BDI, P=.142). Statistically significant differences existed between G1 and G2 for BAI (P<.001) and BDI (P=.02).


CONCLUSIONS
Including psychotherapy in a pulmonary rehabilitation program for COPD reduced patients' anxiety and depression levels but did not modify 6MWD performance.