{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.06787082649151614, 'fraction_numerical': 0.030103995621237, 'mean_word_length': 4.556231003039514, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 2, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Exercise Improves Cancer-free Survival and Healthspan in a Model of Radiation-induced Cancer.

INTRODUCTION
Radiation therapy increases the risk of secondary malignancy and morbidity in cancer survivors. The role of obesity and exercise training in modulating this risk is not well-understood. As such, we used a preclinical model of radiation-induced malignancy to investigate whether diet-induced obesity and/or endurance exercise training altered life-long survival, cancer incidence, and morbidity.


METHODS
Male CBA mice were randomly divided into control diet/sedentary group (CTRL/SED), high fat diet (45% fat)/sedentary group (HFD/SED), control diet/exercise group (2-3 days/week; CTRL/EX), or high fat diet/exercise group (HFD/EX) groups, then exposed to whole-body radiation (3 Gy). Endpoint monitoring and pathology determined mortality and cancer incidence, respectively. Healthspan index, a measure of morbidity, was determined by a composite measure of ten anthropometric, metabolic, performance, and behavioral measures.


RESULTS
Overall survival was higher in HFD/SED compared to CTRL/SED (p < 0.05). Risk of cancer-related mortality by 18 months post-radiation was 1.99 and 1.63 in HFD/SED compared to CTRL/EX (RR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.20-3.31; p = 0.0081) and CTRL/SED (RR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.06-2.49; p = 0.0250), respectively. The number of mice at endpoint with cancer was higher in HFD/SED compared to CTRL/EX and CTRL/SED (p < 0.05). Healthspan index was highest in CTRL/EX (score = +2.5), followed by HFD/EX (score = +1), and HFD/SED (score = -1) relative to CTRL/SED.


CONCLUSION
This work provides the basis for future preclinical studies investigating the dose-response relationship between exercise training and late effects of radiation therapy as well as the mechanisms responsible for these effects.