{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.011472275334608031, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.503105590062112, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effects of Presidential Term Limits

This chapter explores empirically what kind of effects presidential term limits have on political phenomena that are often of interest in political science. It first presents some of the existing empirical findings and also discusses a few tentative hypotheses on possible effects of presidential term limits on a variety of political outcomes. This serves as a brief overview of the possible effects of presidential term limits. It then focuses in greater detail on three political phenomena covering a broad range of leader behavior, which presidential term limits may influence: change in the composition of government expenditure, state repression, and international crises. This serves as detailed examples of how we can think of the effects that presidential term limits exert on leaders. The chapter set outs hypotheses regarding relationships between presidential term limits and these three phenomena, and tests these hypotheses, drawing on previously published papers and their replication datasets.