{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03859649122807018, 'fraction_numerical': 0.01804511278195489, 'mean_word_length': 5.336507936507936, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Inflammatory Neuropeptides in Dilative Cardiomyopathy are there Relations to Psychophysical Stress?

Background: Neuropeptides can be influenced by psychophysical stress and may have influence on cardiac function. Objective: We wanted to find out, whether proand anti-inflammatory neuropeptides may be altered in heart failure (HF) and may be modulated by psychophysical stress. Methods: Therefore, 29 patients of both gender suffering form heart failure (NYHA II-III) or and 20 healthy volunteers were investigated for the levels of the pro-inflammatory neuropeptides TNFα, IL-6, IL-2, IL-1β and IL-12, and of the anti-inflammatory neuropeptides GHrelin, urocortin, adrenomedullin and VIP as well as for TH1, TH2, TH17, CD4 and CD4CD25 cells. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic and end-systolic diameter (LVEDD; LVESD) were assessed echocardiographically. Psychophysical stress and quality of life was evaluated by the SF-36 questionnaire. Results: In NYHA IIand III-patients urocortin, adrenomedullin and VIP were elevated, while Ghrelin, TNFα, IL-12 and IL-2 were unchanged. IL-6 was slightly elevated and IL-1β was slightly reduced in NYHA II. TH17 cells were reduced, while TH1, TH2 and CD4 were unchanged. CD4CD25 were slightly increased. SF-36 questionnaire revealed nearly unchanged emotional and social functioning while the physical role functioning was reduced in HF-patients. Conclusion: HF is associated with reduced quality of life as concerning physical role functioning, reduced ventricular performance and alterations of the balance between proand anti-inflammatory neuropeptides so that pro-inflammatory TH17 cells are reduced. Since neuropeptides also can affect cardiac output, these results indicate the activation of a neuropeptide-heart axis in HF, yet unknown. Socio-emotional stress does not seem to account for the changes. Declaration: there is no conflict of interest of any author with any third party to declare.