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Adaptive duty-cycling algorithms for efficient energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor nodes which harvest energy from the environment have become an alternative to battery powered nodes. Requirements for efficient use of the extracted energy led to development of algorithms that manage the node functions depending on the amount of collected energy. This article introduces a novel solution of adaptively setting the duty-cycle of a wireless sensor node in order to maximize its monitoring lifetime. The developed algorithms are particularly suited to energy harvesting wireless sensor networks situated in locations where energy is scarce or where harvested power exhibits ample diurnal or seasonal variation. The results described in this article shows that the proposed wireless sensor network architecture can represent a viable solution for monitoring indoor environments characterized by low illumination. The setup was tested and validated under various lighting conditions, using the adaptive techniques described in the paper.