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Individual- and State-Centered Perspectives in Nineteenth-Century Europe

This chapter discusses state-centered and individual-centered internationalist perspectives and traces the relational internationalist perspectives introduced in Chapter 2 throughout nineteenth-century European private international law scholarship. The chapter shows how Freidrich Karl von Savigny’s and Josephus Jitta’s individual-centered premises were misunderstood or ignored. It further outlines the emergence of a particularistic perspective toward the end of the nineteenth-century and the beginning of the twentieth-century. The scholarship of Albert Venn Dicey and John Westlake is introduced to highlight the way in which late nineteenth-century English private international law scholars were reasoning on the relationship between state sovereignty and private vested rights. The chapter finally considers how the rise of positivism impacted the internationalist school of thought in private international law in both its state-centered and individual-centered variations.