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The Settlement of 1919

This chapter assesses the order building in the settlement of 1919. The United States emerged as the leading world power after World War I, and it brought an ambitious institutional agenda aimed at binding democratic states together in a universal rule-based association. They envisioned a worldwide organization of democracies—a League of Nations—operating according to more demanding rules and obligations. The great powers would still form the core of this democratic community, but power balancing would be replaced by more legal- and rule-based mechanisms of power management and dispute resolution. However, Woodrow Wilson's stubborn convictions about the sources of law and institutions, the poor exercise of American power, and missed opportunities were enough to doom the settlement, particularly in the face of conflicting interests among the allies.