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[Seasonal dynamics of algae species composition and biomass in the coastal ice of Kandalaksha Bay, the White Sea].

Ice algae were investigated in January - April in Velikaya Salma Sound (1997), Kandalaksha Inlet (2002), and Chupa Inlet (2003) of Kandalaksha Bay, the White Sea. In total, 146 taxa were found. By species number, diatoms predominated. The highest species richness was observed in Velikaya Salma Sound (108 taxa), the lowest--in Kandalarsha Inlet (51 taxa). Between the three regions, algae species composition differed significantly from each other (with similarity measured by Shimkevich-Simpson index being on the level of 0.61-0.63). Total ice algae biomass varied substantially over time and space. In all the regions it increased during ice season: in Velikaya Salma Sound from 0.08 to 4.10 mg C/m2 in Kandalaksha Inlet from 0.38 to 89 mg C/m2, in Chupa Inlet from 1.72 to 64.70 mg C/m2. Species composition of those algae contributing to biomass value to the greatest extent varied over time and space, within each region, and between the regions. Among dominating species not only ice-neritic algae (Nitzschia frigida, Pauliella taeniata, Entomoneis kjellmanii, E. paludosa, and others), but also neritic (Thalassiosira gravida, T. nordenskioeldii) and littoral ones (Amphora laevis and other) were registered. In Chupa Inlet, at sites affected by river discharge, freshwater cyanobacteria Gomphosphaeria lacustris and chlorophyte Ulothrix implexa dominated. In one case the dominating species was found to be snow algae Rhaphidonema nivale.