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The dynamics of fertility in Latvia.

Summary This paper describes the changes that have taken place in fertility in Latvia during the last 100 years. It shows that the decline in fertility in Latvia as well as in neighbouring Estonia began earlier than in other parts of the Russian Empire. Marital fertility began to fall during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. During the last 20 years the total period fertility rate has varied between 1.7 and 2.0, but the total cohort fertility rate has been falling. Socio-economic differences in fertility persist, although they have become smaller. Birth control is widely practised in the Latvian SSR. In all major socio-economic groups of the population most people consider the two-child family as ideal. Childless and large families are rare. The mean ideal number of children (2.1-2.6) is greater than the actual, desired or expected family size.