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Electrically Tunable Three-Dimensional Holographic Photonic Crystal Made of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals Using a Single Prism

An electrically tunable three-dimensional holographic photonic crystal made of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals was fabricated using a specially designed prism. This prism split a collimated laser beam into four beams which interfered with each other at the base of the prism to form a three-dimensional spatial light intensity pattern. The spatial light intensity pattern was then recorded inside a cell filled with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals to create photonic crystal structures, which were examined by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The diffraction and electrically tunable properties were also presented. The electro-optical response time was also measured.