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Design and fabrication of a chitosan based integrated optical device for humidity sensing

Here we report on preparation of planar optical waveguides based on chitosan (DD=80.5%, MW=500kDa) in different salt forms, chitosan/gold nanoparticles, chitosan/gold nanoparticles/silica hybrids with layered structure and modification of Na/K ion-exchange waveguides with thin chitosan/carrageenan multilayers. Chitosan-based optical waveguides with thickness of 0.5- 1.5 μm were obtained on quartz, glass and MgF2 substrates by spin-coating and dip-coating. For investigation of optical properties, light (wavelength 632 or 532 nm) was coupled into the planar waveguide via the flint glass prism using goniometer. A number of modes, effective refractive index, waveguide propagation losses were determined for all samples in the range of relative humidity 10-99%.