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New data on the digger wasps fauna of families Pemphredonidae, Psenidae and Philanthidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in Iran

. The digger wasps fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Fars province in southern Iran was partly investigated. Members of three families: Pemphredonidae (5 species of 3 genera), Psenidae (3 species of 2 genera) and Philanthidae (2 species of 2 genera) were collected and documented. The following eight species: Diodontus brevilabris de Beaumont, 1967, D. crassicornis Gribodo, 1894, D. insidiosus Spooner, 1938, Passaloecus corniger Shuckard, 1837, Pemphredon inornata Say, 1824, Mimesa punctipleuris (Gussakovskij, 1937), Psenulus laevigatus (Schenck, 1857) and Cerceris spinifera haladai K. Schmidt, 2000, are new to the Iranian wasp fauna. In addition, two species: Psenulus schencki (Tournier, 1889) and Philanthus variegatus Spinola, 1839, are new records for Fars province. For each species, we include available distributional data as well as comments on its taxonomy and geographical distribution.


Material and methods
Specimens for the current study were collected using Malaise traps at seven locations with four elevation levels in the Fars province, Iran: about 2000 (Dasht-e Arzhan and Dalin), about 1500 (Shiraz, Kavar and Zafar Abad), about 700 (Larestan: Karmostaj), and about 500 (Larestan: Hormood Abbasi) meters above the sea level, respectively. Sampling localities are briefly described in Table 1. Voucher specimens are deposited at the Insect Collection of Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran (JIAU) and the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria (IBER). Family-level classification is based on the most recent classification of Apoidea suggested by Sann et al. (2018). Nomenclature and general distributional for each species were adapted from Antropov et al. (2017) and Pulawski (2020). Data under Material examined for the recorded species are presented in the following order: number of specimens examined, locality, and date of collection. The GPS coordinates, altitudes of sampling localities, and collector names are given in Table 1. The genera and species are listed alphabetically under each family.
Psenulus, a cosmopolitan genus, currently consists of 161 species, most of which are found in the Oriental and Palaearctic regions (Pulawski, 2020). Psenulus schencki was hitherto recorded from northeastern Iran. Therefore, its presence in southern Iran extends the known distribution of this species in the Iranian plateau.
Cerceris is a worldwide, large genus containing about 867 species, of which about 270 have been reported from the Palaearctic region (Pulawski, 2020). Recently, Sadeghi et al. (2019) reviewed all of Cerceris of Iran and listed 53 species and subspecies. Cerceris spinifera haladai was originally described from Turkey and has not been recorded thereafter.
Philanthus is a cosmopolitan genus that currently includes 134 nominal species (Pulawski, 2020). The present record of Philanthus variegatus from southern Iran reveals the wide distribution of this species on the Iranian plateau.
At present, considering the results of this work, the number of known species from the Fars province is about 168. Indeed, the 168 included species are only a fraction of what must occur in the Fars province. On the other hand, comprehensive research has not been conducted elsewhere in the country and many provinces are poorly known and not well investigated. The species reported from Fars are several times as much as from any other part of Iran, and a simple comparison shows that other areas need further investigation (see Jahantigh et al., 2017). Therefore, further researches on the diversity, biology and behavior of digger wasps in other areas are strongly recommended. Sofia, Bulgaria) for help in identification of the specimens. We are most grateful to Dr. Toshko Ljubomirov, Dr. Wojciech J. Pulawski (California Academy of Science, USA), Dr. Christian Schmid-Egger (Germany) and two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading and useful correction of the initial manuscript that improved it considerably.