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Cross-Shore Damage Variation of Wooden Blocks in Swash Zone on Sand Beach

Shore protection projects require the prediction of coastal storm damage and economic loss but the damage processes are not well understood. An exploratory experiment consisting of 11 tests was conducted in a wave flume with a sand beach to examine the movement of 10 wooden blocks (floatable objects) placed on the foreshore and berm as well as on short and long pilings. The still water level was varied to create accretional and erosional profile changes. The cross-shore wave transformation on the beach and the wave overtopping and overwash of the berm were measured in 101 runs of irregular waves where each run lasted 400 s. The initial block elevation above the sand surface had little effect on the hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and profile evolution in this experiment with widely- spaced blocks. The block floating and sliding on the sand surface and the block falling from the pilings depended on the swash hydrodynamics and block clearance above the foreshore and berm whose profile varied during each test. A simple probabilistic model is developed to estimate the immersion, sliding, and floating probabilities for the blocks in the swash zone. The predicted probabilities are compared with the observed cross-shore variation of the block response on or above the accretional and erosional beach profiles. The accurate prediction of the block response is shown to require the accurate prediction of the beach profile change.