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A simulation study of the mechanisms that govern direct activation of pyramidal tract neurons in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used to stimulate the motor cortex. In this work we calculated the electric field induced by a figure-eight coil in an idealized finite element model of the motor cortex. This field is used to predict the response of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs). Results show that PTN stimulation occurs where they bend after entering the white matter. Also, biphasic current waveforms are found to be more efficient than monophasic waveforms. This model successfully explains several experimental observations made during stimulation of the motor cortex with TMS, and may help to identify the mechanisms involved in direct stimulation of PTNs.