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An Anatomical Study of the Pericarp of Arachis Hypogaea, with Special Emphasis on the Sclereid Component

Using light and scanning electron microscopy, we described the structure of the mature peanut pericarp and determined the cellular composition volumetrically. The exocarp was composed of thin-walled, isodiametric, sclerified parenchyma; the mesocarp contained larger sclerified parenchyma with thicker reticulate walls; and the endocarp consisted of a sclerenchymatous layer and an unsclerified inner parenchyma layer. Vascular bundles with extraxylary fibers were located on the mesocarp and endocarp interface. Three unusual types of sclereids, classified here as vermisosclereids, calceusosclereids, and cruxosclereids, made up the sclerenchymatous layer of the endocarp. Volumetrically, the mature pericarp was composed of 45% sclerified parenchyma, 35% sclereids and vascular tissue, and 20% unsclerified parenchyma. The results of this investigation are discussed with reference to previous anatomical investigations of the pericarp and the effect of pericarp pulp in paper fiber webs.