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[Risk factors and prevention strategies in eating disorders].

Scientific evidence supports an interactive model of biopsychosocial influences on the etiology of eating disorders. New genome-wide association studies suggest underlying metabolic dysregulation in anorexia nervosa. Among the psychological factors, body dissatisfaction (IC) is the most consistent predictor, mainly in females. Low self-esteem, negative affect and internalization of the ideal of thinness predict IC. High body mass index values and socio-family and peer group pressures are also associated with the desire for being thin. Some sports or professional activities foster excessive exercise, restrictive diets and pressure for body figure. Certain digestive and metabolic chronic diseases can be risk factors for eating disorders. Most prevention programs target adolescent girls in secondary education and young people. Interventions at an early age, in adults and in men are scarce. Successful programs focused on one or more risk factors, based on cognitive or behavioral approaches, include content on healthy eating or nutrition, media literacy, sociocultural pressures, and body acceptance or body satisfaction. They incorporate new technologies and are interactive. More research and innovative prevention programs for eating disorders in young children, adults and men are in need.