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Analysis of cytokine and specific antibody profiles in hydatid patients with primary infection and relapse of disease

We studied in vitro cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with primary and recurrent hydatid disease when cells were incubated with mitogen (PHA) and antigen from hydatid cyst fluid (HCFAg); levels of specific IgE, IgG4 and eosinophil counts were also measured in sera. When specifically stimulated, PBMC from patients produced higher levels of IL‐2 (P < 0.02), IFN‐γ (P < 0.0028) and IL‐5 (P < 0.01) than those from uninfected donors, whereas IL‐10 levels were comparable. Notably, IL‐5 was also produced in higher levels (P < 0.01) by PBMC from patients when incubated with PHA. The IL‐5:IFN‐γ ratio was significantly greater (P < 0.02) when measured in response to specific stimulation than it was for PHA‐stimulated cultures. These cytokine data suggest a bias towards a Th2‐response which is in agreement with the high levels of IgG4 and IgE observed. The polarized response appears to be related to clinical status, as differences between patients with primary infection and those with relapse of disease were demonstrated, with significantly higher levels of IgE (P < 0.003), IgG4 (P < 0.04) titres and eosinophil counts (P < 0.04) in the latter; in addition a tendency to an increased production of IL‐5 buy lower IFN‐γ was also observed in this group. These results merit further study as they are suggestive of a putative role of Th2‐like responses in susceptibility to reinfection by E. granulosus.