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Gold nanorod-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for near-infrared photothermal therapy

Despite the recent progress in creating photothermal agents of various compositions and morphologies, there is a strong need to further develop photothermal transducers that absorb light in the near-infrared region, which corresponds to the biological window, and enhance the local heat generation at the cellular level. One of the major limitations of photothermal therapy is the nonselective and uncontrolled heating of tumor tissues that lead to the heat diffusion in the normal cells. Therefore, we propose to fill these gaps by designing and developing decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with plasmonic nanoparticles that enhance the light-to-heat conversion in the therapeutic window through the localized surface plasmon resonance on the carbon nanotube surface. These novel hybrid nanostructures used as plasmonic photothermal transducers will provide efficient thermal ablation as well as minimal damage to normal cells compared to the current plasmonic nanostructures. Here, we focus on optimizing the near-infrared optical absorption of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by decorating their surfaces with gold nanorods. First, we present the synthesis process of this hybrid plasmonic nanostructure as well as their characterization employing high-resolution microscopic and spectroscopic tools such as TEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Then, we report the numerical evaluation of the optical spectra distribution of decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes in a water environment using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Finally, near infrared photothermal measurements and quantitative analysis (more particularly using a laser wavelength of 808 nm) of this hybrid carbon nanostructure will be discussed.