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The expression of novel PII-like protein from Lentilactobacillus hilgardii

The understanding of molecular mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to environmental changes represents the basis for maintaining the homeostasis of microbiomes of natural and artificial biotopes. Lactic acid bacteria are presented everywhere in the environment and present the indigenous microflora of various fermented substrates, fruits, soil and feces. In natural habitats the starvation by available nitrogen, carbon or energy sources can occur. Nevertheless, the regulation of their nitrogen metabolism remains unexplored and is presented only in a few works. Generally, in the most bacteria the nitrogen metabolism is regulated by PII like proteins in response to the nutrition and energy availability via sensing changes of intracellular level of ATP, ADP, 2-OG and glutamine. Among more than 400 species of Lactobacillaceae known to the date, only seven contain genes encoding for PII homologue. In Lentilactobacilli, the gene of PII-like proteins has unique genetic background being located within the potABCDN operon, which encodes the ABC transporter of spermidine/putrescine, the products of amino acids metabolism. These molecules contain multiple amino groups and thus could also serve as nitrogen source. The maximum expression of the potABCDN operon was observed upon transfer to a medium containing spermidine as solely nitrogen source, while is suppressed upon growth with glutamate and glutamine. This suggests the availability of energy supply as the leading factor determining the level of potABCDN operon transcription in L. hilgardii cells.