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Nanoparticles applications in poultry production: an updated review

SUMMARY Nanotechnology is an innovative promising technology that has a great scope of applications as well as a socio-economic potential in poultry industry sector. Nanoparticles (NPs) show advantages of high absorption and bioavailability with more effective delivering to the target tissue compared to their bulk particles. Nanomaterials show variable forms, sizes, shapes, applications, surface modifications, charges and natures. Top-down and bottom-up methods are the common types of NPs preparation. There are different mechanisms through which NPs could exert their action. In the poultry field, NPs have been considered in diagnosis of many diseases using different techniques, vaccines preparations and immuno-stimulation, disinfection, production enhancement, detection of food adulteration and antimicrobial activities (antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal) and antimycotoxins. As a result of enhancement of poultry production and reducing the bacterial load after using NPs, the antibiotics drug resistance obstacle can be overcome. Despite the wide benefits of using NPs in poultry production, some concerns about their safety and hazardous effects should be regarded. Therefore, this review article is focused on NPs’ types, manufacture, mode of actions, and different applications with reference to safety and hazards impact.