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Detuning-modulated composite pulses for high-fidelity robust quantum control

A method for robust state manipulation in quantum information processing comprises evanescently coupling a first waveguide to a second waveguide, the first and second waveguide having different geometries respectively; and providing waveguide geometries such that their coupling is detuned, the detuning being a function of the geometries, the detuned coupling thereby providing reliable population transfer between the first and second waveguides that is robust to fabrication and other errors. The method may be used to provide a quantum optical coupler.