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Equilibrium Crystal Shapes on a Flat Substrate

The equilibrium shape of a crystal on a flat substrate is determined by the Wulff-Kaischew construction in which the effective interfacial tension is substituted for the surface tension of anisotropic crystal in the direction of the contact with the substrate. Since the total free energy is proportional to the crystal volume for a given Δµ, the crystal changes its orientation so as to reduce the volume as the interfacial tension changes.