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New evidence for one-dimensional ordering in fast heavy ion beams

Experiments at the experimental storage ring with electron-cooled heavy ion beams have shown that at low beam intensity the beam enters a new regime. A transition to a state different from the normal gaseous state of the beam, which is determined by an equilibrium between intrabeam scattering and electron cooling, was made apparent by a sudden reduction of the momentum spread by up to one order of magnitude. Recently a destructive method to measure the horizontal beam size by beam scraping has been developed to a resolution of micrometres. Application of this method to the low intensity beam below the transition point has indicated a simultaneous reduction of the beam size by even more than an order of magnitude. A likely explanation is the formation of a one-dimensional ordered structure at low intensity. The stability of this ordered state against intrabeam scattering or other heating sources has been confirmed by direct observation of the beam in the low intensity regime after an intentional deactivation of cooling. The uncooled low intensity beam remains for millions of revolutions in the storage ring in the cold state, in contrast to beam intensities above the transition point for which an immediate heating is observed.