{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03689806128830519, 'fraction_numerical': 0.021888680425265792, 'mean_word_length': 4.594405594405594, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
J. D. Fage (ed.): A history of Africa . (The History of Human Society.) x, 534 pp., 8 plates. London: Hutchinson, 1978. £10.

This volume brings together two kinds of material on Sino-Japanese relations from 1914 to the 1970's: a small number of wide-ranging surveys by established scholars, treating substantial themes, but not for the most part expressing any novel lines of argument; and a larger number of specific accounts of narrower topics, based on the detailed examination of archives in Japan, Taiwan, and the United States. Some of the latter, which seem to have their origin in Ph.D. dissertations, provide valuable new information on relatively neglected aspects of the subject. Tsing Yuan's paper on Japanese activities in Shantung after 1914, and B. Winston Kahn's discussion of Doihara's attempts to create an autonomous government in North China during 1935—6, are good examples. Some of the contributions, such as those by Frances V. Moulder and John Hunter Boyle, do no more than summarize work that the authors have already published in book form. This suggests that the volume has been long in preparation, a conclusion supported by the paucity of references to very recent publications, as well as by the foreword, which dates the conception of the work from 1972. Accordingly, although the specialist will find a good deal in it that is useful, the general reader or student who seeks an up-todate survey of the field will need to look elsewhere. In the illustrations on pp. 440-1, the captions identifying photographs of Ishiwara Kanji and Ohira Masayoshi have been reversed.