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Digital Signal Processing Effect on Power System Overcurrent Protection Relay Behavior and Operation Time

Power system availability is very important in terms providing continues power supply with no interruption. However, faults are existing in power systems due to equipment aging, unexpected behavior from a specific equipment or sometimes from human errors during operation and maintenance. In order to limit the fault to the equipment and preventing this fault from damaging other equipment or effecting the system behavior, relays are developed. Relays are instrument equipment continuously monitoring the system and taking a proper action according to the situation. The decision and the time delay for the action based on the fault type. The input data to the relay are the faults' type and how bad they are. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) will take samples from the inputted data continuously and take an action when needed. The internal connection and how DSP is utilized in protective relays will be discussed in this paper. In addition, a SIMULINK case study is included to see the DSP effect on protective relaying.