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Advanced synchrophasor applications

GPS synchronized measurements are becoming common and there is tremendous activity to develop applications and utilize these measurements. While, presently the applications lag the hardware developments, there is a great activity towards development of a variety of applications and utilization of GPS synchronized data. The paper provides a brief overview of GPS synchronized measurements and past projects and concludes with present day trends towards development of applications for GPS synchronized data. In particular a number of advanced applications including (a) distributed state estimation, (b) distributed dynamic state estimation, and (c) stability monitoring and out of step relaying.