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The Significance of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek for the Early Development of Andrology

Andrology can be defined as the science of physiology and pathology of the male genital organs, so far these concern the reproductive functions. The founder of this science is not a scientist in the classic sense of the word, but an unlettered amateur-microscopist, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, born in the Durch city of Delft in 1673 (Fig. 1). He was trained as a drapery salesman and started a trade in cloth and haberdashery in Delft in 1654. It is likely that van Leeuwenhoek used a magnifying glass to study the textile tissues and, in this way developed his hobby i.e. microscopic investigations. The microscopes, which van Leeuwenhoek used for his investigations were all single microscopes. Although compound microscopes with two lenses already existed, van Leeuwenhoek preferred the single microscope because it produced a very clear image. Van Leeuwenhoek ground the lenses himself and during his life constructed more than 500 microscopes, of which only nine are still in existence.