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The Segmentation of Monastic Fraternities in Sri Lanka

Y6ng-Ho Ch'oe, "Reinterpreting Traditional History in North Korea" (JAS 40, 3 {May 1981]: 503-523), in the beginning of his interesting study states: "Ever since Karl Marx attempted to interpret history as a lineal progression through primitive communal, slave, feudal, capitalist, and socialist stages, Marxist historians have applied this periodic scheme in their studies" (p. 503). This is, however, not the case. As for the antiquity, Marx to the contrary acknowledged the existence of the antique and Asiatic ways of production, respectively, but did not mention the "slave stage" at all. His ideas on the subject had been developed in the study, "Formen, die der kapitalistischen Produktion vorhergehen," a part of his Rohentwurf of the Grundrisse der politischen Okonomie (1939), unfortunately published only in Moscow. The theory of the slave stage or slave society was developed in the 1930s during extensive discussion before the.publication of the Rohentwurf. This theory has never been fully accepted by the Marxist historians as the protracted discussions on the Asiatic way of production during the 1960s and 1970s in U.S.S.R. and elsewhere showed. For the background and application of the theory of the slave society in China, see, e.g., my study, "Existierte in China eine Sklavenhaltergesellschaft?" published in 1963 in Archiv orientalni 31: 353-63My answer to the question of the existence of the slave society was and remains negative.