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Identification of homogeneous regions based on rainfall in the Amazon River basin

The identification of homogeneous rainfall regions facilitates the prioritization of watershed management measures. In the present study, it was applied the methodology of data clustering by the non‐hierarchical method of fuzzy C‐means, having as variables the geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) and average annual precipitation, provided by the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC). The group formations were validated by Silhouette, PBM, Dunn, Davies Bouldin, and Xie Beni. The total annual precipitation values found for the regions are consistent with the precipitation volume recorded in the analysed region and found in the literature. The results presented satisfactory data from the application of the methodology, from which six homogeneous regions of well‐defined precipitation were formed, each with its own particularity, demonstrating the spatial–temporal variability of annual precipitation totals in the region. When analysing the climatological normals in relation to previous studies, a change in rainfall behaviour was noted, with changes occurring in the months with higher and lower average rainfall records in the area, mainly in homogeneous regions (HRs) 3 and 6. HRs 1 and 6 showed a unique behaviour, with their climatological normals different from the others.