{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.019801980198019802, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007920792079207921, 'mean_word_length': 5.480769230769231, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Medicine and Politics: The Abolition of English Quarantine, 1872–1896

This article explores the abolition of English quarantine by examining how it was implemented, the influence of international ideas and the lack of influence they had on the practice and policies of quarantine. In considering the abolition, this essay first shows that rather than reflecting a systematic approach to disease prevention at English ports, quarantine was largely ad hoc. It will then be shown that the development of English domestic quarantine policies was influenced by international considerations. The argument focuses on the influence of international discussions rather than their details, a subject that has been treated well elsewhere.' It also shows that contemporary medical ideas, such as contagion, played a surprisingly small role in domestic quarantine policies. In examining these points this article further develops areas that have been considered in previous literature.' Peter Baldwin, for example, has ar-