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Grafting with chondroitin sulfate on poly(vinyl alcohol) to improve antifouling property

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel will become muddy while used in artificial cornea. To enhance the antifouling property of PVA hydrogel, PVA hydrogel was grafted with chondroitin sulfate (CdS) via two-step reaction in this work. Surface chemical compositions, surface morphology and thermal property of hydrogel were characterized via ATR-FTIR, XPS, AFM, SEM and TGA, and confirmed that CdS was successfully grafted on the surface of PVA hydrogel via two-steps method. After grafting with p(GMA-CdS), both the thermal and mechanical properties of PVA hydrogel became weaker, and PVA hydrogel became hydrophilic. The biocompatibility of PVA-g-p(GMA-CdS) hydrogel could be consider as noncytotoxic according to the ISO 10993-5: 2009. The antifouling property of PVA-g-p(GMA-CdS) hydrogel including anti-protein adsorption and anti-cell adhesion were significantly improved due to surface hydration, steric exclusion effect and charge surface. The anti-protein adsorption of PVA-g-p(GMA-CdS) hydrogel increased about 33.48%...