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Induction of methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins in coronavirus infection.

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (“COVID-19”) has infected close to 20,000,000 people worldwide (1, 2). We mined published and public microarray data (3-8) to determine in an unbiased fashion genes most transcriptionally perturbed in the host following coronavirus infection with a series of human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E. We observed significant transcriptional induction of the methyl-CpG-binding proteins MBD5 and MeCP2 following infection with two genetically distinct MERS-CoV isolates in human cells in vitro. Analysis of independent microarray data revealed less significant differential expression of MBD5 and MeCP2 in the lungs of mice following infection with SARS-CoV-1 in vivo. Epigenetic mechanisms involving methyl-CpG-binding proteins may be important to establishment of coronavirus infection in the human host.