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Collecting, Classifying, (Re)presenting: Archives, Museums, Textbooks and the Politics of the Past

The archive, the museum and the textbook are three different institutions dedicated, among other functions and objectives, to the preservation, creation and diffusion of evidence, of narratives and images of the past. They are sites of memory and knowledge comprising a manifold set of sociocultural techniques and practices by which societies, states, religious communities, and other entities deal with issues of the broad field of history, which are related directly to questions of power and identity. During the last two centuries, their evolution has been closely linked with the rise and the fate of the modern nation state and bourgeois society. This is because they were used as instruments for conveying ideas of progress and civilization, of a past in terms of national and imperial peculiarity and superiority as well as for self-affirmation and legitimization.