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An overview of digital and online strategies to reduce gambling harm.

ISSUE ADDRESSED
Advancements in mobile and web-based technologies proliferate everyday opportunities to gamble. The increased availability, popularity and intensity of online gambling platforms and interactive gaming activities also changes the way we construct gambling harm reduction interventions. Information and communication technologies (ICT) provide potential opportunities to reduce harm from online gambling through harm minimisation initiatives and currently available services. The aim of this review is to firstly understand the scope of peer-reviewed evidence on ICT-based strategies to reduce online gambling harm, and secondly, what evidence exists specifically in relation to ICT-based harm reduction initiatives for people who gamble online.


METHODS
Scoping review methods and a five-stage model of analysis were used to: identify the published literature on ICT-based harm minimisation activities for online gambling; distil models appropriate to address gambling harm in this setting; and synthesise all available evidence, noting gaps and patterns.


RESULTS
Sixteen gambling specific ICT-based interventions were reviewed in depth. The majority of included studies focused on different components of computer-assisted or online therapy programs for disordered gambling, specifically the development of individual skills in managing problematic gambling behaviour.


CONCLUSIONS
The review found that despite the widespread potential ICT represent for addressing gambling harm there has been only limited published research to date.


SO WHAT
There is a clear need for further investigation into uptake, usage, focus, and effectiveness of all online gambling interventions on offer. The dearth of gambling specific empirical knowledge potentially indicates a serious resourcing and reporting issues in this area.