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Pre-sowing Seed Treatments of Botanicals and Chemicals on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)

The experiment was conducted in the field of Seed Science and Technology at the department of Genetics and


INTRODUCTION
Mustard (Brassica juncea L.), it belongs to the family Brassicaceae with chromosome no 2n=36, is the crop consisted several multipurpose species which yield edible leaves, roots, stems and seeds, Brassica are also extensively cultivated as crop, vegetables and fodder. Rape seed or rich in oils and proteins [1]. Brassica juncea (brown mustard, 2n=4x=36; genome AABB) is an allopolyploid species derived from a spontaneous hybridization of turnip and black mustard it's well adapted to cultivation in dryland areas and can grows as a major oilseed crop in the Indian subcontinent during winter [2]. Mustard seed is the world's second leading source of vegetable oil, after soybean. It is also the second most leading source of protein meal within the world after soybean. It is mainly grown in northern a part of India, Rajasthan is that the largest producing state followed by uttarpradesh [3]. India is that the second largest producer of rapeseed mustard within the world. The rapeseed mustard was grown over an area 6.8m ha producing 6.39 million tons with a productivity level of 941 kg/ha in year 2014-2015. Rajasthan, Uttarpradesh, Madhyapradesh, Haryana and Gujarat account for about 80% of the area and production in India [4]. Mustard is an economically important plant that has been documented in India for hundreads of years for its medicinal and nutritive values [5]. Food preparation of Indian mustard leaves is helpful in lowering the cost for diabetic patients suffering with comorbid anxiety due to their non-toxic effects and pharamaceutical preparations like capsules, creams, emulsions, fragrances, flavours, intramuscular injections, nasal sprays (Hassan et al., 2014). Mustard meal comprises about 40 to 50 percent protein, with a wellbalanced aminoacid composition and protein efficiency ratio (PER) higher than that of soybean (Rodrigues et al., 2012). The seeds treated with PEG 6000 is known as Osmopriming. After preparation of solution of PEG 6000 50ppm, panchagavya @ 6%, KNO 3 @ 0.5%, KCL @ 0.3% and MNSO 4 @ 0.1%, Tulasi leaf extract, mustard seeds was soaked in required solution for 6h at 25°C temperature. Untreated seed is called control. After 6hour of soaking the solution was drained out from the beaker and presoaked was air dried to original weight and then placed for germination in laboratory under controlled condition. After seed treatments seed was sown in field for occurring field observation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The investigation was conducted during Rabi season 2020-2021 within the Field trial Centre and Seed Test Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj. Located at lattitude25.35°N and longitude 82.25°E at an altitude of 78 m above mean sea level, the soil is sandy loam in texture with moderate water holding capacity having pH of 7.0 to 8.0. Field experiment was laid down using randomized block design in three replications by using of mustard variety Kranti sown at 45*10cm row-to-row and plant-to-plant distance.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
According to the findings, the treatments had an effect on all of the morphological traits studied, and there was a statistically significant difference between primed and non-primed seeds for all the parameters in Table-1. The data presented in the Table-1 shows the mean performance of 13 treatments for 10 growths, yield and yielding attributes.

Growth Attributes
Pre-sowing seed treatment with PEG 6000 @ 50ppm was recorded maximum field emergence percent (95.83%) followed by Panchagavya @ 6% (93.75%) and MNSO 4 @ 0.1% (92.03%) were found to be lowest in control (76.17%). The effect of pre-sowing seed priming on field emergence percentage was found to be significant and similar results of field emergence percentage was observed by Ghassemi-Golezani et al. [6] and Demir and Oztokar et al., [7].
Number of branches per plant (5.80) was recorded highest in pre-sowing seed treatment with PEG 6000 @ 50ppm and it was followed by Panchagavya @ 6% (5.60) and KNO 3 @ 0.5% (5.40) was found to be lowest in unprimed seeds (control) (3.53). On the above basis study concluded that the Number of branches per plant was found to be significant and similar results observed by Padmavathi et al., [9].

Yield Attributes
The number of siliquae per plant found to be highest in PEG 6000 @ 50ppm (60.07) and it was followed by Panchagavya @ 6% (52.13), KNO 3 @ 0.5% (48.47) and minimum was recorded by the treatment Control (25.53). The effect of presowing seed priming on number of siliquae per plant was found to be significant and similar results of Number of siliquae per plant was observed by Kaur et al., [10].
Seed yield per plant maximum was recorded in the PEG 6000 @ 50 ppm (2.93gm), it was followed by Panchagavya @ 6% (2.35gm), KNO 3 @ 0.5% (2.02gm) and minimum was recorded in the Control (0.74gm). The effect of pre-sowing seed priming on seed yield per plant was found to be significant and similar results of seed yield per plant was observed by Somasundaran et al., [12].
Seed yield per plot found to be highest in PEG 6000 @ 50ppm (56.03gm), it was followed by KNO 3 @ 0.5% (54.60gm), Panchagavya @ 6% (51.37gm) and lowest was recorded in the Control (26.97gm). It is concluded that seed yield per plot was found to be significant and similar finding observed by Kaur et al., [10].
Based on present investigation, it can be concluded that the treatment T 4 -PEG 6000 50ppm is found promising for growth parameters due to PEG show increased rate of germination [16], plant height, number of branches per plant. [17] reported that during seed respiration intensity was initially lower but rapidly increased after words due to seed soaking with PEG 6000 [18].
Significantly maximum siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, biological yield and harvest index was recorded in PEG 6000 @ 50ppm is due to the increment in seed yield, the most important character regarding economic value of the crop, might be due to improvement in various parameters that is flowering, branches per plant and dry matter accumulation similar results was observed by [19-21].

CONCLUSION
On the basis of results obtained from the present investigation the treatment PEG 6000 @ 50ppm had shown superior performance with respect to growth, yield under agro-climatic conditions of prayagraj region, found to be various among the all 12 treatments. Similarly, the treatment Panchagavya performance at par. Hence, the pre-sowing seed treatments with PEG 6000 and Panchagavya can be suggested for commercial cultivation in prayagraj, agro-climatic conditions. couple of agro-morphological characteris-tics of Breed Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.