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Responses of host-seeking Mansonia and Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in West Africa to visual features of a target.

Field studies in The Gambia, West Africa, on the attractant effect on night-flying mosquitoes of host stimuli issuing from a wind tunnel showed that external visual features could have a marked effect on the size of the catch. When the transparent wind tunnel was covered with dark material, catches of Mansonia and Anopheles ziemanni were significantly increased. On the other hand, if the covering was removed and the mouth of the tunnel partially closed with a vertical baffle, catches with a dark baffle in place were lower than with a clear one. The difference between the effects of a dark covering and a dark baffle was thought to be associated with avoidance reactions to the visual image of the dark baffle at close range while mosquitoes were still outside the tunnel. Without the baffle, any such response would have occurred when the mosquitoes had already entered the tunnel. Biting catches on individual bait humans sitting under dark or clear canopies showed no difference if the subjects were widely separated. But when they sat side by side under a canopy divided into dark and clear compartments, catches of Mansonia spp. on the dark side were slightly but significantly greater.