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The defense of Glukhov against the Polish army of king John Casimir in 1664

The decisive event of the military campaign of the Commonwealth at the final stage of the Russian-Polish war of 1654-1667 became the unsuccessful siege of Glukhov. It ended in a heavy defeat for the Polish forces, which meant the failure of the last attempt by the Polish-Lithuanian state to regain the lands of the Left-bank Ukraine. Despite the considerable number of researches devoted to the campaign of King John Casimir, on the whole this campaign has been studied quite insufficiently. The source of the article were the materials of the Razryadny prikaz , which were fairly well preserved in the Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts (RGADA). A considerable part of the sources used for the first time were introduced into scientific circulation. Their comprehensive use made it possible to reconstruct the detailed course of the defense of Glukhov against the troops the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and to dispel a number of established misconceptions. In particular, those about the presence of the Russian garrison in the city. The actions of the Polish troops and the Ukrainian Cossacks in the struggle for this strategically important city of the Left-bank Ukraine are analyzed. The results of the research showed that the choice of defenders of Glukhov in favor of Moscow was an expression of the will not only of part of the Ukrainian Cossacks of the Left Bank, but also a reflection of the general mood of the Ukrainian masses.