{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.05408062930186824, 'fraction_numerical': 0.038348082595870206, 'mean_word_length': 5.095808383233533, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 1, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Anti‐GM1 ganglioside antibodies in Parkinson's disease

Objectives– To determine whether anti‐GM1 antibodies are increased in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods– Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG anti‐GM1 antibodies were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 147 patients with PD and in 186 age‐matched normal control subjects. Sera were assayed at initial dilution of 1:800 for IgM and 1:200 for IgG and were considered positive at absorbance values exceeding the value of 0.05 for IgM and 0.1 for IgG. Results– Forty patients with PD (27.2%) had sera positive for IgM anti‐GM1 antibodies, whereas only five normal controls (2.7%) resulted positive (P < 0.0001). Most of patients (75%) with positive sera had a tremor‐dominant form of PD. Only two patients with PD (1.4%) and none of normal controls had sera positive for IgG anti‐GM1 antibodies. Conclusion– A consistent portion of parkinsonians, mainly with a tremor‐dominant form of PD, may have increased circulating IgM anti‐GM1 antibodies.