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Design-oriented evaluation of the hydrodynamics in a full-scale combined filter-lamella separator for urban stormwater treatment.

The development of compact treatment devices with high removal efficiencies and low space requirements is a key objective of urban stormwater treatment. Thus, many devices utilize a combination of sedimentation and upward flow filtration in a single system. This study, for the first time, evaluates the flow field inside a combined filter-lamella separator via computational fluid dynamics. Herein, three objectives are investigated: (i) the flow field for different structural configurations, (ii) the distribution of particulate matter along the filter bed and (iii) the dynamic clogging in discrete filter zones, which is addressed by a clogging model derived from literature data. The results indicate that a direct combination of a filtration stage with a lamella separator promotes a uniform flow distribution. The distribution of particulate matter along the filter bed varies with configuration and particle size. Clogging, induced by particles in the spectrum <63 μm, creates gradients of hydraulic conductivity along the filter bed. After treating about half of Germany's annual runoff-efficient precipitation at a rainfall intensity of 5 L/(s·ha), the filtration rates increase in the front of the filter bed by +10%. Thus, long-term operating behavior is sensitive to efficient filter utilization in compact treatment devices.