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Bladder Cancer among Dialysis Patients with Schistosomiasis

That urinary Bilharziasis may predispose to bladder cancer is well documented (1-3). It is also well known that urinary Bilharziasis may lead to obstructive uropathy due to Bilharzial uretetic strictures and bladder neck obstruction, sometimes with vesicoureteric reflux; often it is complicated by urinary infections, and sometimes by eventual development of chornic renal failure (4). Urinary Bilharziasis was reported to be responsible for renal failure in 21% of Egyptian dialysis patients (5). On the other hand hepatosplenic Bilharziasis is occasionally complicated by immune-complex glomerulonephritis, usually in the form of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis or focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, often present with nephrotic syndrome (6, 7); however it is a rare cause of end-stage renal failure among dialysis patients (5).