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Quantitative 3D Characterization of Novel Polymer-nanocrystal Hybrid Catalysts by Electron Tomography

Biological enzymes are very effective catalysts which have evolved the capability to carry out chemical reactions at room temperature with high selectivity. Their diverse amino acid functional groups stabilize specific reaction intermediate states and control their transport to and from an active metal site at their center. However, they can only operate under highly specific reaction conditions, and designing a catalyst with similar behavior that can be used in industrial conditions is challenging. Recently, a novel class of catalysts was reported [1] which mimics this enzymatic functionality to produce highly selective, synthetic catalysts. These polymer-nanocrystal hybrid catalysts are produced in a modular fashion in which the first step is the production of a nanoporous polymeric organic framework (POF) to serve as the support structure. This is followed by impregnation of the support with a metal containing solution and a rapid calcination treatment to produce nanocrystals dispersed on the POF surface. Finally, the entire assembly is encapsulated in a second layer of POF material. The versatility of this type of catalyst is that the transport of reactants and products to and from the active metal sites can be controlled by varying the pore-size and thickness of the overlayer. The type of reaction intermediates that form can also be affected by changing the chemistry of the POF.