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Back contact effects in thin-film photovoltaics

The Schottky barrier formed at the back contact is shown to either act as the commonly accepted back-diode or as a reach-through diode. Rare local spots with low back barrier transparency and/or weak main junctions shunt the photocurrent, thus decreasing the measured open-circuit voltage and device efficiency. This phenomenon was observed experimentally in the case of thin-film CdTe photovoltaics. Combining a proper main junction and an adequate back-contact results in 13% efficient CdTe solar cell without intentional copper doping.