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Commentary on " Psychophysiological Prediction of Substance Abuse " by Iacono , Lykken , and McGue

A large-scale multivariate study including both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs is proposed to identify factors that contribute to an adolescent's vulnerability to substance abuse. The design calls for the use of a large number of adolescent twins who are scheduled to enter the sixth grade, and it proposes to study these individuals until they are age 26. The protocol is designed to compare male and female preadolescents and adolescents who are designated as high or low risk on the basis of parental drug self-administration with respect to personality character-istics, rates of externalizing and internalizing behaviors, mental health, familial and extrafamilial environments, aptitudes and scholastic perfor-mance, psychophysiological markers, and substance use and abuse history. Additional features of the crosssectional design include bio-metrical analyses of the twin data to determine the extent to which variance is a predictor and outcome measures are associated with genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental factors. This design also will allow the investigators to determine whether estimates in variance components increase, decrease, or remain stable over development from age 11 to 26.