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Ryanodine Receptor Phosphorylation by Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Promotes Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias in Mice With Heart Failure

Background— Approximately half of patients with heart failure die suddenly as a result of ventricular arrhythmias. Although abnormal Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptors (RyR2) has been linked to arrhythmogenesis, the molecular mechanisms triggering release of arrhythmogenic Ca2+ remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that increased RyR2 phosphorylation by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is both necessary and sufficient to promote lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Methods and Results— Mice in which the S2814 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II site on RyR2 is constitutively activated (S2814D) develop pathological sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release events, resulting in reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load on confocal microscopy. These Ca2+ release events are associated with increased RyR2 open probability in lipid bilayer preparations. At baseline, young S2814D mice have structurally and functionally normal hearts without arrhythmias; however, they develop sustained ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death on catecholaminergic provocation by caffeine/epinephrine or programmed electric stimulation. Young S2814D mice have a significant predisposition to sudden arrhythmogenic death after transverse aortic constriction surgery. Finally, genetic ablation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II site on RyR2 (S2814A) protects mutant mice from pacing-induced arrhythmias versus wild-type mice after transverse aortic constriction surgery. Conclusions— Our results suggest that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation of RyR2 Ca2+ release channels at S2814 plays an important role in arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death in mice with heart failure.