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Responses of Johnsongrass against Sorghum Anthracnose isolates

Johnsongrass is a creeping perennial weed that interferes with crop productivity. Due to genetic similarity to 
sorghum, Johnsongrass is considered to have potential as an alternate source of pathogen resistance genes for 
sorghum. In order to test this hypothesis, sorghum isolates of anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) were 
inoculated onto twenty-six Johnsongrass cultivars collected from across the southern US by using an excised leaf 
method. Upon inoculation with a C. sublineolum sorghum isolate, different Johnsongrass cultivars showed different 
degrees of infection. Moreover, three different C. sublineolum isolates caused different responses on the same 
Johnsongrass cultivar. Expression of early defense response related genes, including β-1,3-glucanase, chalcone 
synthase 8 (CHS8), pathogen induced chitinase, flavonoid-3’-hydroxylase, pathogenesis related protein-10 (PR- 
10), and thaumatin-like protein, were measured 24 hrs and 48 hrs post inoculation in selected Johnsongrass 
cultivars by Real-Time qRT-PCR. The results revealed that levels of defense responses varied among cultivars 
but were not sufficient to establish a basis for resistance. When the same Johnsongrass cultivars were inoculated 
in a greenhouse study with conidia of Colletotrichum sublineolum isolate FSP53 from sorghum, some showed 
evidence of a hypersensitive response. However, successful reproduction of the pathogen as detected by formation 
of acervuli and setae was seen only on SH1116 and on only one leaf of this cultivar.