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Cities treated as things: imagining post-fossil cities. A friendly rejoinder to Hajer and Versteeg and Wachsmuth

ABSTRACT Cities have become a central focus for questions of sustainability futures. Most discussion has to do with their activities and how they are governed and the strategies to reduce their environmental impacts while increasing their equity. Yet few ask yet a more fundamental question: what are cities for and how might that affect their futures? This commentary raises questions about the role of cities especially in a potential post carbon age.