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Barley Extracted Beta‐Glucan Enhances Macrophage Defense to Intracellular Survival Salmonella

Different from those origins of fugal polysaccharides, β‐glucan extracted from barley is rich in the β‐ (1, 4) branched glucose polymer structure. Plenty evidences have indicated that the effects of β‐glucan derived from yeast and fungus species possess an anti‐tumor and bactericidal effects by regulating immunocompetent cells. However, studies are relatively few on the immunomodulatory effects of β‐ (1, 3) (1, 4) branched glucan. Since the β‐glucan receptor, dectin‐1, has recently been identified in human which has been proposed to have capability in distinguishing minor variation of branched glucose. The current study has examined the immunopotencies of β‐glucan derived from barley by investigating of the murine macrophage defense to Salmonella Typhimurium. Murine macrophage cell line co‐cultured with microparticulated β‐glucan showed a dose dependent increase in the phagocytosis of salmonella analyzed by flow cytometry. The early stage of bactericidal process via oxidative burst was also stimulated with priming of β‐glucan, while the calculated counts of Salmonella colony forming unit of the phagocytosed macrophages post intracellular killing was decreased. In addition, the mRNA expression of dectin and survivin were both upregulated in treated macrophages during the defense of Salmonella infection. Our results demonstrated that barley rich in β‐ (1, 3) (1, 4) branched β‐glucan has enhanced phagocytosis, bactericidal capability and up‐regulated the mRNA expression of dectin and survivin which may imply an expanded defense to the infection of intracellular pathogens.