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Modifiable and Non-modifiable predisposing Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction -A Review

Myocardial infarction is a key component of the burden of cardiovascular crises which is a common presentation of ischemic heart disease. It is a disease with serious consequences in mortality, morbidity, and cost to the society. It is characterized by chest pain, epigastric discomfort, general malaise, sweating and anxiety. These symptoms may affect by different modifiable and non modifiable predisposing risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, physical activity, alcohol use , age, family history, abnormal lipids, obesity, high risk diet, smoking and psychosocial stress. This review has considered these predisposing risk factors. Smoking followed by hypertension, abdominal obesity and diabetes are the most important risk factors. Fruits and vegetables consumption is characterized among less common factors while alcohol is a protective risk factor. Various uncommon factors block coronary artery thus causing an MI. A healthy life style and proper physical activity can reduce the occurrence of MI in normal or otherwise healthy patients. While morphine sulphate subcutaneously or intravenously, reperfusion with direct angioplasty and coronary angiography should be considered for patients without identifiable mechanical complications.