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Usage of Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion with Enhanced Recovery Pathway in Patients Scheduled for Open Radical Cystectomy: A Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND
Intravenous lidocaine infusion (IVLI) reduces postoperative pain and hastens the return of bowel function.


OBJECTIVES
We aimed to compare the effects of adding lidocaine infusion to enhanced recovery pathway (ERP) on acute rehabilitation protocol.


STUDY DESIGN
This study uses a double-blind, randomized design with allocation concealment in a 2-armed parallel group format among patients undergoing open radical cystectomy (RC).


SETTING
The study was conducted at Assiut University Hospital, Asyut, Egypt. The study duration was March 2017 to July 2018.


METHODS
After ethics committee approval, 111 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II-III, aged 45-65 years, scheduled for open RC with urinary diversion under an ERP, were randomly selected in a double-blind manner to receive IVLI 2 mg/minute for 4 hours or an equal volume of normal saline solution 0.9%. Postoperative pain scores, rescue analgesic consumption, times to return of bowel sounds, first flatus, first defecation, resuming of regular diet, length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, and patient satisfaction were recorded.


RESULTS
Patients in the lidocaine group experienced significantly lower pain scores after surgery at 6 hours (P = 0.005) and 12 hours (P = 0.001) at rest, and in the first 18 hours during mobilization (P < 0.05), with less paracetamol (P = 0.04) and meperidine (P = 0.02) consumption than in the control group. Between the lidocaine and the control group, mean times to return of bowel sounds (23.7 vs. 26.7 hours; P = 0.001), first flatus (76.5 vs. 86.5 hours; P = 0.001), first defecation (92.7 vs. 106.9 hours; P = 0.001) and resuming of regular diet (80.7 vs. 92.8 days; P = 0.001) were significantly shorter in the lidocaine group. Length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, and patient satisfaction were similar in both groups.


LIMITATIONS
Limitations of this study include lack of previous research that compare the additive effects of IVLI to ERP in patients undergoing open RC. Also, the inability to measure the serum lidocaine concentration in our patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Adding IVLI to ERP improved postoperative analgesia and bowel function after open RC with urinary diversion.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT03047057.


KEY WORDS
Lidocaine infusion, ileus, enhanced recovery pathway, acute rehabilitation, open radical cystectomy.