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Mixed Lymphocyte Culture Determinants, Measles Infection and Multiple Sclerosis

Mixed Lymphocyte Culture Determinants, Measles Infection and Multiple Sclerosis2 The term 'histocompatibility system' is used to describe a complex of closely linked genes coding for cell surface structures which make cells from one individual able to recognize and reject grafts from other individuals of the same species. All vertebrates so far studied have several such systems. In mice, guinea-pigs and men the species best investigated one system in each species has been found to be of major importance, the major histocompatibility system. Three types of genes are found as reviewed by Thorsby (1974): (1) Loci determining the serologically detectable (SD) or HL-A antigens. (2) Loci determining the lymphocyte-defined determinants (LD) or mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) determinants. (3) Loci carrying immune response (Ir) genes which govern the immune response to certain antigens. The HL-A antigens are defined by serological methods, normally the cytotoxic test using specific antibodies and complement. Such antibodies are usually selected from multiparous women or from multiply transfused individuals. About 40 different alleles belonging to 3 different series, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd series, have been defined. In contrast to the (SD) HL-A antigens the MLC gene products, the MLC determinants, have so far been detectable only by the in vitro MLC test (Thomsen et al. 1974). Within the last year it has become possible to type the MLC determinants by using cells homozygous at the MLC locus as stimulating cells in the MLC test (Dupont et al. 1974), and by international exchange of cells it is now possible to characterize at least ten different MLC determinants in man. Studies in mice and guinea-pigs have shown that the capacity to develop cellular immunity and IgG antibody production against certain defined antigens is controlled by dominant autosomal genes (Ir genes) (Benacerraf 1974). These Ir genes are closely linked to the major histocompatibility