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Community interventions for people with complex emotional needs that meet the criteria for personality disorder diagnoses: a systematic review of economic evaluations

Background Diagnoses of personality disorder are prevalent among people using community secondary mental health services. Whilst the effectiveness of a range of community-based treatments have been considered, as the NHS budget is finite, it is also important to consider the cost-effectiveness of those interventions. Aims To assess the cost-effectiveness of primary or secondary care community-based interventions for people with complex emotional needs that meet criteria for a diagnosis of personality disorder to inform healthcare policy making. Method Systematic review (PRESPORO #: CRD42020134068) of five databases, supplemented by reference list screening and citation tracking of included papers. We included economic evaluations of interventions for adults with complex emotional needs associated with a diagnosis of personality disorder in community mental health settings published between before 18 September 2019. Study quality was assessed using the CHEERS statement. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise study findings. Results Eighteen studies were included. The studies mainly evaluated psychotherapeutic interventions. Studies were also identified which evaluated altering the setting in which care was delivered and joint crisis plans. No strong economic evidence to support a single intervention or model of community-based care was identified. Conclusion There is no robust economic evidence to support a single intervention or model of community-based care for people with complex emotional needs. The review identified the strongest evidence for Dialectical Behavioural Therapy with all three identified studies indicating the intervention is likely to be cost-effective in community settings compared to treatment as usual. Further research is needed to provide robust evidence on the cost-effectiveness of community-based interventions upon which decision makers can confidently base guidelines or allocate resources.