{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.017634854771784232, 'fraction_numerical': 0.00933609958506224, 'mean_word_length': 5.262987012987013, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Perinatal sidestream cigarette smoke exposure and the developing pulmonary surfactant system in rats

1 Epidemiological studies have strongly implicated passive smoking with increased incidence of various respiratory diseases in children. Our earlier studies have shown that chronic exposure to tobacco smoke significantly changes the composition and the surface activity of the pulmonary surfactant in adult rats. The aim of the present study was to determine if perinatal exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke influences the composition and function of pulmonary surfactant system in developing rat pups. 2 Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke in a whole body exposure chamber for a total of 6 h each day and the pups born to these dams were further exposed to sidestream smoke for 2 h/day during postnatal period. Exposure of animals to smoke was ascertained by measuring their plasma cotinine. Surfactant analysis was performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) collected from pups on postnatal day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 35. The phospholipid (PL) content, percentage disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and surfactant proteins (SP-A and SP-B) in BALF surfactant preparations from sham and smoke-exposed pups were compared. 3 Significant differences between the two groups were observed at two exposure points: a reduced level of SPA on day 1, and, a higher level of SP-A and PLs on day 21, in smoke-exposed pups. Surface activity analysis of the surfactant films by pulsating bubble surfactometer did not show any significant differences between the sham and smoke-exposed groups at any exposure point. 4 The results indicate that perinatal exposure to sidestream smoke is capable of producing biochemical changes in the composition of pulmonary surfactant at different stages of development but these changes do not influence surface tension reducing properties of the surfactant.