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Molecular recognition and controlled release in drug delivery systems based on nanostructured lipid surfactants

Several monoolein/water (MO/W) based liquid crystalline (LC) nanostructured mesophases have been revisited in view of the new trends of modern drug delivery formulations. The shape and amphiphilic character of the investigated lipid molecules address the preferential polar–apolar interfacial curvature and the delicate interplay of different intermolecular forces that drive self-assembly and thermodynamic stability of the nanostructures. Here some preliminary results related to the release of the antiviral drug 1-amine-adamantane hydrochloride, solubilized in the aqueous domain of bicontinuous cubic and reverse hexagonal LC phases, suggest these MO based LC phases as possible nano-depot systems for long term controlled release. Drug release was followed by conductivity measurements during a period of ten days. An effective and targeted drug delivery often requires a specific molecular recognition. With this aim, the possibility to entrap suitable molecules such as lauroylcholine (LCh, a cationic surfactant having a peptide-like polar head that can ‘recognize’ membrane proteins) and adenosine monophosphate disodium salt (NaAMP, an electrolyte that can ‘recognize’ purine receptors) has been tested. The addition of LCh to MO/W cubic gyroid (CG) LC phase causes a cubic–lamellar phase transition. The addition of NaAMP still allows the formation of the CG nanostructure. In the presence of both NaAMP and LCh again a CG LC phase forms. The bicontinuous CG LC phases have been characterized by NMR and SAXS.