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Secondary dust explosions: How to prevent them or mitigate their effects?

Dust explosions are frequent and particularly devastating in the process industries. Secondary dust explosions are the most severe ones, and occur when the blast wave from a primary explosion entrains dust layers already present in the plant, creating a large dust‐air flammable mixture ignited by the first explosion. As the blast wave propagates through the plant, dust fuels the emerging flame, leading to extensive damage owing to the large quantity of dusts involved and the consequent strong pressure wave.