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Indicators of Political Personalization

Ten indicators of political personalization, covering all of its types and subtypes, are presented in this chapter. The analysis starts with the institutional personalization of both governmental (electoral systems and executives) and nongovernmental institutions (leadership selection and candidate selection in political parties). It then turns to indicators of media personalization, of both the uncontrolled (news coverage of politics) and the controlled type (unmediated messages). Finally, the chapter looks at indicators of personalization in the behavior of politicians (legislators’ behavior) and of voters. The logic and significance of each indicator is examined, as well as its advantages and limitations; and trends developed over time are presented country by country. Potential indicators that are not used are also mentioned and their exclusion is explained.