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ESTIMATING SEX‐SPECIFIC DISPERSAL RATES WITH AUTOSOMAL MARKERS IN HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POPULATIONS

Abstract –A recent study suggests that sex‐specific dispersal rates can be quantitatively estimated on the basis of sex‐ and state‐specific (pre‐ vs. postdispersal) F‐statistics. In the present paper, we extend this approach to account for the hierarchical structure of natural populations, and we validate it through individual‐based simulations. The model is applied to an empirical data set consisting of 536 individuals (males, females, and predispersal juveniles) of greater white‐toothed shrews (Crocidura russula), sampled according to a hierarchical design and typed for seven autosomal microsatellite loci. From this dataset, dispersal is significantly female biased at the local scale (breeding‐group level), but not at the larger scale (among local populations). We argue that selective pressures on dispersal are likely to depend on the spatial scale considered, and that short‐distance dispersal should mainly respond to kin interactions (inbreeding or kin competition avoidance), which exert differential pressure on males and females.