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tPA of human keratinocytes: contribution to cell surface‐associated plasminogen activation and upregulation by retinoic acid

Abstract We tested distinct variants of a human kerationocytc line (HaCaT) for the expression of tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA)‐specific mRNA. as well as cell surface‐associated and secreted tPA. Cells of early passages (passage no. 22) only expressed urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)‐ bul not tPA‐specific mRNA. Cells after prolonged culture (passage no. 44) expressed uPA‐ and tPA‐specific mRNA, bul did not release tPA in the extracellular space and did nol display surface‐associated IPA. HaCaT cells transformed with the c‐Ha‐ras oncogene (HaCaTras) showed both secreted and surface‐associated tPA antigen. The secreted and the surface‐associated plasminogen activator (PA)‐activity of HaCaTras cells were in part inhibitable by anticatalytic anti‐tPA antibodies, thus indicating thai tPA contributes to extracellular and surface‐associated plasminogen activation. Finally, we demonstrate that tPA secretion of HaCaT 44 cells can be induced by retinoic acid, most likely via interaction of retinoic acid with nuclear‐associated retinoic acid‐receptor(s).