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Ellen Craft and the Case of Salomé Muller in Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom

In William and Ellen Craft’s slave narrative, Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom, an astute sense of the inequities in white legal discourse prompts the couple’s escape. Ellen Craft realizes that under the law she is not classified as a woman but as a possession: “She saw that the laws under which we lived did not recognize her to be a woman, but a mere chattel, to be bought and sold, or otherwise dealt with as her owner might see fit” (30). Cognizant of how she is assessed by prevailing legal systems, Ellen knows that not only is she denied protections that are available to white women, but is assessed under the law to be an object of economic exchange. Ellen comprehends the contradiction in terms that labels a woman nonhuman and knows that such labeling is pervasive in the system of white patriarchal legal discourse that upholds the institution of slavery. The Crafts’ slave narrative, Running a Thousand Miles, uses as a cornerstone for its deliberations on discourse the trial case of Salomé Muller, a white German girl who along with her sister was sold into slavery soon after immigrating, having lost the protection of their mother, father, and brother. The prominence of the case of Salomé Muller in the Crafts’ slave narrative further bolsters the text’s portrayal of Ellen Craft as owning the acute penetration needed to dismantle the assumptions of a slave culture that did not recognize her to be a woman