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Raphael and the Roads to Rome: Designing for Diplomatic Encounters at Villa Madama

RAPHAEL’S LONG-STANDING REPUTATION AS THE PRINCE OF PAINTERS, as Vasari pigeonholed him, has been reevaluated in recent generations as scholars have recognized his genius as an architect, archeologist, and designer of works in many media, from painting and sculpture to tapestry and engraving. But if his role as the foremost artist-impresario in Leonine Rome is by now familiar, Raphael’s multimedia projects have yet to be fully appreciated, and his activities as an urban and landscape planner have rarely been considered. His urban plans for new Rome—notably the redesign with Antonio da Sangallo of Piazza del Popolo and the fork of Via Lata (now Via del Corso) and Via Leonina (Via di