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Do implant-retained mandibular overdentures maintain radiographic, functional and patient-centered outcomes after 3 years of loading?

OBJECTIVES
Analyzing whether radiographic, functional, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) outcomes are maintained over 3 years of implant-retained mandibular overdenture (IMO) function and investigating the bite force associations in the 3rd year of function.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
A longitudinal clinical study in which 24 IMO users were evaluated during a 3-year follow-up period. Patients' bite force, posterior area index, masticatory function and OHRQoL were assessed. The masticatory function parameter ST_X50 reflects the opening through which 50% of the crushed particles would pass, ST_B describes the homogeneity of the bolus, and the masticatory efficiency parameters ME_5.6 and ME_2.8 represent the % of material retained in the 5.6 and 2.8 mm sieves, respectively.


RESULTS
Minor deteriorations in ST_X50 (p≤0.01) and ME_5.6 (p≤0.01) between the 2nd and the 3rd year coincided with improvements in ST_B (p≤0.01), number of cycles (p≤0.01), and cycle time (p=0.02). A significant increase in posterior area index (p≤0.01) was found in all evaluated periods. The global OHIP-Edent score (p=0.02) and the scores in the functional limitation (p=0.02), psychological discomfort (p≤0.01), and handicap domains (p≤0.01) increased significantly between the 2nd and the 3rd year. Correlations between bite force and cycle time (p=0.03) and between posterior area index and ST_X50 (p≤0.01) and ME_2.8 (p=0.02) were also found.


CONCLUSION
Changes in masticatory function, bite force, OHRQoL, and posterior area index are still ongoing during the 3rd year of IMO function. Bite force and posterior area index influence the masticatory function outcomes in the 3rd year of IMO function.