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In situ study of the ZnO–NaCl system during the growth of ZnO nanorods

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction and high temperature SEM examinations were used to study the crystallochemical and morphological evolution of a ZnO–NaCl system during thermal processing. Decomposition of ZnO precursor (Zn2(OH)2CO3* xH2O) at T<400 °C is accompanied by shrinkage and destruction of its fibre-like particles into nanosized isotropic ZnO crystallites. Intensive intergrowth of ZnO nanoparticles and its interaction with coarse NaCl crystallites leads at T = 650–700 °C to the formation of a continuous sponge-like framework with an elementary unit size which is far below the initial size of NaCl crystallites. The higher temperature processing at is accompanied by the appearance of nanorods. The role of the metastable liquid phase in the formation of ZnO nanorods at T<800 °C is discussed. Luminescence properties of ZnO nanorods synthesized at 500 and 700 °C were demonstrated.