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Population and the Peasant Family Economy in Proto-Industrial Japan

This paper questions the view that rural industrialization stimulated family formation through a decline in the age of women at first marriage, and hence led to a rapid growth in population. A survey of the literature, and an analysis of countrywide cross-sectional data for late nineteenth-century Japan show that the impact of rural industry on population increase was weak. This is closely related to another finding, that the division of labor between the sexes within the farm household was persistent even where rural industry had taken root. In other words, the structural effects of proto-industrialization on demography and the peasant family economy were not strong. It is suggested that these differences between Japanese and Western patterns are best understood by looking at the initial conditions of proto-industrialization.