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The Quakers and Emigration From Ireland to the North American Colonies

The Quaker movement developed rapidly in Ireland in the course of the sixth decade of the seventeenth century, having been introduced in 1654 by William Edmundson. The first missionaries from England directed much of their proselytising zeal at the large military establishment. The Cromwellian army had been recruited mainly among the non-conformist sects in England and so, not surprisingly, it yielded many convincements. Although most of the English soldiers, even those who received Irish land as payment for their military service, returned home, numbers of them stayed to settle in Ireland, either as farmers, or, after selling their land grants, as shopkeepers.1 Significant among these was Captain Thomas Holme from the north of England who gained experience as a landowner in County Wexford before becoming Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania.2 Another Quaker convert was the boy-soldier, Robert Turner, from Cambridge, who, after selling his allotted lands, became a successful linen merchant in Dublin.3 A close friend and agent of William Penn, he was proprietor of land in three colonies before he also emigrated to North America in 1683." When the Quaker preachers turned to the civilian population of Ireland they drew most response from the recently established Protestant settlers, known as "planters", as well as from the early AngloProtestant plantations in the south of Ireland, that is, from among people of "British stock" and, significantly, with few exceptions,