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Efficiently Reflected Ultrasound on Production of Sol–Gel TiO2 Powder: Properties and Photodegradation to Rhodamine 640

In 45 kHz ultrasound (US), sol–gel derived anatase-TiO2 powder was prepared using a stainless steel reflection plate. We found that reflected US reduced the particle size of TiO2 thereby increasing the reactive surface area for photodegradation to Rhodamine 640 (Rh-640). We found that the reflected US focused high sound intensity onto a part of the sol–gel reaction. When the surface area of TiO2 powder, which was prepared using reflected US, was increased, photodegradation to Rh-640 was enhanced.