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A bi-objective method of traffic assignment for electric vehicles

The impact of an increasing share of electric vehicles (EVs) is not fully known. Issues related to engine and battery point out that drivers of EVs may consider different route choices in order to take advantage of energy recovery by regenerative braking, for instance. Because not only travel time but also energy consumption may matter, this work proposes a bi-objective traffic assignment method that computes equilibrium flows in scenarios with a mixed population of vehicles, considering physical aspects and energy recovery. We present two methods of route choice for EVs and propose a bi-objective shortest path algorithm for them. Experiments show a small increase in travel time in congested scenarios, compensated by an expressive decrease in energy consumption in real-world networks. In uncongested scenarios, the travel time remains while the energy consumption decreases.