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Efficacy of curcumin in lung cancer hamster model

Curcumin, the polyphenolic pigment from the rhizome Curcuma longa, is known for its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and recently, anticarcinogenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy of curcumin in lung cancer induced hamster model. 32 male Golden Syrian hamsters were divided into test (TO, T2 n= 10 each) and control (CO, C2 n=6 each) groups. Test groups received BOP (N‐nitrosobis (2‐oxopropyl) amine; 10mg/kg), a carcinogen, for 12 weeks, while the control animals received saline injections. Effect of curcumin was examined by providing 0 (C0, T0) or 2% (C2, T2) dietary curcumin. After 24 weeks tissues were harvested and lungs fixed for H&E and AE1/AE3 immunohistochemistry staining. COX‐2 and COMET assays were performed to determine the degree of inflammation and DNA damage in the tissues respectively. Histology showed significant differences in cancer development between the treatment groups with (T2) and without (T0) curcumin intervention. Cancer incidence (11.1% (T2) vs 45.5 %(T0)) and survival rate (72% (T2) vs. 33% (T0)) were significantly different. Loss in body weight, increase in Cox‐2 levels and DNA damage reinforced the beneficial role of curcumin in decreasing lung cancer in the hamster model. Overall, the study shows the chemopreventive effect of curcumin. Further investigations are needed to test curcumin as a therapeutic agent in the human population.