{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01710097719869707, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.054187192118227, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Cultural conceptualisations of loong (龙) in Chinese idioms


 This study investigates the abundant metaphorical meanings of the term loong (‘dragon’) in
 Chinese idioms and the cognitive and cultural factors that influence those meanings from the perspective of Cultural Linguistics.
 To this end, we present a systematic categorisation of the idiomatic expressions involving the term loong in
 Mandarin Chinese based on three conceptual metaphors: a human being is a loong, a concrete entity is a loong, and an abstract
 object is a loong. We then elaborate on the cultural conceptualisations of loong from three
 perspectives: cultural schemas, cultural categories, and cultural metaphors. The results of the study show how the metaphorical
 conceptualisations of loong are profoundly influenced by Chinese culture. The resulting study is intended to add
 to the pool of studies which lend support to the view that a fine-grained study of the metaphors of a particular culture and their
 linguistic realisation can shed light on how culture influences human cognition. Finally, the study calls for a clearer
 integration of cultural approaches into conceptual metaphor theory and it explores some possibilities in this regard.