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Chemokines: A Potential Therapeutic Target to Suppress Autoimmune Arthritis.

BACKGROUND
Chemokines are a family of low molecular weight proteins that induce chemotaxis of inflammatory cells, which mainly depends on recognition of a chemo-attractant gradient and interaction with the substratum. In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), abundant chemokines are expressed in synovial tissue, cause inflammatory cells migration into the inflamed joint that necessitates formation of new blood vessels i.e. angiogenesis. Over decades, studies showed that continuous inflammation may lead to loss of tissue architecture and function, causing severe disability and cartilage destruction. In spite of advancement of modern drug therapy, thousands of arthritic patients suffer mortality and morbidity globally. Thus, there is urgent need of development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of RA.


METHODS
This review, carry out throughout a non-systematic search of the accessible literature, will provide an overview of the current information of chemokine in RA and also exploring the future perspective of vital role of targeting chemokine in RA treatment.


RESULTS
Since, chemokines are associated with leucocyte migration at the site of inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases and hence, blockade or interference with chemokines activity showing potential approach for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents. Currently, results obtained from both preclinical and clinical studies showed significant improvement in arthritis.


CONCLUSION
This review summarizes the role of chemokines and their receptors in pathogenesis of RA and also indicates possible interactions of chemokines/receptors with various synthetic and natural compounds that may be used as potential therapeutic target in the future for the treatment of RA.