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Histone deacetylase inhibitors, anticancerous mechanism and therapy for gastrointestinal cancers

Abstract  Histone acetylation regulates gene transcription. Histone acetylation is a reversible process: histone acetyltransferases (HAT) transfer the acetyl moiety from acetyl coenzyme A to the lysine, and histone deacetylases (HDAC) remove the acetyl groups re‐establishing the positive charge in the histones. HDAC inhibitors have antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells via cell cycle arrest, pro‐differentiation, and pro‐apoptosis. In recent years, many studies have shown that specific HDAC inhibitors are helpful for gastrointestinal cancer therapy.