{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02857142857142857, 'fraction_numerical': 0.015037593984962405, 'mean_word_length': 4.913333333333333, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Are we there yet? The road to a malaria vaccine.

see also p 144 
 
Every minute, a parasite transmitted by Anopheles species mosquitoes kills three children. Every day, 2.4 billion people in 100 countries—40% of the world's population—are at risk of this infectious disease.1 Malaria causes fever, shaking chills, anemia, and fatigue; in its severest form, it can cause coma and death.2 Every year, it affects 300 to 500 million people worldwide, killing 700,000 to 2.1 million, mostly children and mostly in Africa (figure 1).3 
 
 
 
Figure 1 
 
Malaria is endemic in more than 40 countries 
 
 
 
This disease is not new, “fashionable,” or emerging. Its vector lives well in much of the world, including the United States. The longterm consequences of malaria—chronic anemia; debilitating recurring infection; and renal, liver, and central nervous system impairment—mean that endemic countries spend many of their limited resources on combatting the disease and its aftermath. Malaria is directly associated with profound economic deprivation. The Malaria Network, a partnership of the World Bank and World Health Organization, estimated that in 1997, direct and indirect expenditures for malaria cost sub-Saharan Africa more than US$2 billion.4 
 
Whereas malaria has been earmarked by the United Nations and the global health community as one of the three big infectious disease killers—along with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis—and thus a priority for action, it has not received the attention needed to effect change. Spearheaded by Roll Back Malaria, countries currently employ limited tools that include insecticide-treated bed nets, antimalarial drugs, and vector control measures that have sometimes been controversial, such as the use of DDT, a highly effective but harmful pesticide. As a package, these are thought to be cost-effective and to have significant effects where well implemented.5,6 
 
The disease, however, is a worthy adversary and has evaded many of the tools that at one time could control it. Drug resistance by the parasite, pesticide resistance by the mosquito, and community resistance to interventions that require continuous financial and human resources point to the nature of the challenge. An effective vaccine that could safely prevent infection, disease, or transmission would add immensely to this armamentarium. 
 
Although no licensed vaccine against a parasitic disease exists, vaccines should be viewed as a critical part of the solution. Vaccines have been used extensively to control many previously common diseases, making vaccination one of the most effective and cost-effective public health interventions known.7