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Containment control of hybrid multi‐agent systems

In this article, the containment control problem is studied for hybrid multi‐agent systems (MASs), which is comprised of continuous‐time and discrete‐time dynamic agents. For first‐order hybrid MASs, two effective distributed protocols are designed when followers have continuous‐time dynamics, and one distributed protocol is designed when followers have discrete‐time dynamics. Meanwhile, for second‐order hybrid MASs, we also propose three kinds of distributed protocols to solve the containment control. By utilizing stability theory and system transformation method, some criteria are derived for solving the containment control problem of hybrid MASs. Simulation examples are provided to show the efficiency of the theoretical results.