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Nuclearity and cooperativity effects in binuclear catalysts and cocatalysts for olefin polymerization

A series of bimetallic organo-group 4 “constrained geometry” catalysts and binuclear bisborane and bisborate cocatalysts have been synthesized to probe catalyst center–catalyst center cooperativity effects on olefin enchainment in homogenous olefin polymerization and copolymerization processes. Significant nuclearity effects are found versus mononuclear controls, and the effect can be correlated with metal–metal approach distances and ion pairing effects. Novel polymer structures can be obtained by using such binuclear catalyst/cocatalyst systems.