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Treatment strategy in untreated transplant-eligible multiple myeloma patients.

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is known to be superior to conventional chemotherapies and has been established as a standard of care for young patients with multiple myeloma. In the first decade of this century, novel agents such as thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide became clinically available, and several clinical trials using these drugs as induction therapies, conditioning regimens, and post-transplant consolidation and maintenance therapies have been reported, leading to increasing improvement in treatment results as compared to conventional therapies. Future changes in therapeutic strategies using these novel agents are anticipated to increase the complete response rate and prolong progression free survival and overall survival. This article describes the optimal treatment strategy for ASCT-eligible patients in Japan.