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Effect of heating rate on steam gasification of biomass. 2. Thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) analysis of gas evolution

Evolution rates of low-molecular-weight gas products (H2, CH4, CO, and CO2) in pyrolysis and steam gasification of biomass (cellulose and lignin) were studied using thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) analysis. Total gas yields were measured with a TCD-micro gas chromatograph (micro GC) at heating rates of 1, 10, and 100 K s-1. Steam gasification of biomass demonstrated heating rate effects on gas evolution:  81 wt % of cellulose was converted into tar in pyrolysis; also, slow heating and steam gasification of nascent char occurred above 700 K, evolving H2. Rapid heating significantly enhanced secondary pyrolysis of cellulose tar to yield H2, CO, and CH4. In contrast, char formation at 500−773 K was dominant in lignin pyrolysis. Evolution of H2 and CO2 were significantly increased by steam gasification of char. Insignificant influence of heating rate on carbon and hydrogen yield of lignin was observed. Over 70% of lignin's chemical energy was converted into gas, especially hydrogen.