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The effect of a low glycemic index diet on gestational hyperglycemia: A pilot trial

The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of a low glycemic index (low‐GI) diet on fasting glucose, HbA1c and self monitored blood glucose (SMBG). Secondary outcomes included intervention feasibility, maternal weight gain and infant birth‐weight. Women (n=47) with gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance of pregnancy were randomized to low‐GI (n=23) or control (n=24) diets and were followed from 28 weeks gestation until delivery. This study was conducted at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto. Diet GI was significantly higher on control, 58 (95% CI:56,60) than low‐GI, 49 (47,51; p=0.001). Glycemic control improved in both groups (p<0.05) with no significant difference between groups. SMBG after breakfast was directly related to pre‐pregnancy BMI in the control but not the Low‐GI group (p=0.021). Mean infant birth weight on low‐GI was less than on control (not significant). Maternal weight gain was not significantly different between groups. Study foods were rated “good” by participants. Participants were willing to consume them post‐intervention. A low‐GI diet was accepted by participants and attenuated the relationship between pre‐pregnancy BMI and postprandial SMBG.