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A continuum model for free growth in living materials

We focus in this work on isotropically growing materials. An adaptive algorithm is used in order to maintain a stress‐free state during growth if no external loads are applied, but keeping the volume growth defined by a former kinetic. The proposed model is based on a modified multiplicative split of the deformation gradient into a growth part and an elastic part. The growth part will be isotropic if the elastic deformations are favourable, otherwise the growth will find a more comfortable direction. Three‐dimensional examples based on different kinetics are presented and discussed using the numerical model. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)