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MicroRNA-93 promotes ovarian granulosa cells proliferation through targeting CDKN1A in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

CONTEXT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Whether differently expressed miRNAs contribute to promoting granulosa cell proliferation in polycystic ovarian syndrome disease (PCOS) remains unknown.


OBJECTIVE
We explored whether certain miRNAs are involved in the ovarian dysfunction of PCOS and the mechanism of increased granulosa cells proliferation. Patients and Cells: miRNA expression was analyzed in excised ovarian cortexes from 16 women with PCOS and 8 non-PCOS. An immortalized human granulosa (KGN) cell was used for the mechanism study.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Expressions of miRNAs in ovarian cortexes were measured using qRT-PCR and KGN granulosa cells were cultured for proliferation assays after overexpression or inhibition of miR-93 or after insulin treatment. Bioinformatics were used to identify the potential miRNA targets. Protein expression analysis, luciferase assays, and rescue assays were used to confirm the substrate of miR-93.


RESULTS
MiR-93 expression was higher in PCOS ovarian cortex and its identified target, CDKN1A, was downregulated. MiR-93 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and G1 to S transition. Knocking down CDKN1A promoted cell growth and cell cycle progression in granulosa cells, and CDKN1A re-introduction reversed the promotional role of miR-93. High concentrations of insulin induced upregulation of miR-93, stimulated KGN cells proliferation and reduced CDKN1A expression.


CONCLUSIONS
miR-93 was increased in PCOS granulosa cells and targeted CDKN1A to promote proliferation and cell cycle progression. Insulin could upregulate the expression of miR-93 and stimulate cell proliferation. This might provide a new insight into the dysfunction of granulosa cells in PCOS.