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Saliva based noninvasive optical urea biosensor

The present work deals with the development of an optical noninvasive biosensor for the monitoring of urea levels using saliva sample. The sensor was fabricated using a simple methodology by immobilization of enzyme Urease along with a pH indicator on a filter paper based strip. The strip changed color upon the reaction of urea present in saliva and this color change could be determined using a smartphone based application based on RGB profiling. Calibration of the biosensor was carried out using saliva spiked with synthetic urea samples of varying concentration. An exponentially decreasing calibration curve has been obtained for green pixel intensity in the broad range of 0–500 mg/dl and a response time of 20 seconds. The sensitivity reported for the biosensor in the clinically relevant range was −0.007 pixels sec−1/mgdl−1 with a LOD of10.9 mgdl−1.