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Accurate 2.5‐D boundary element method for conductive media

The solution of the time‐harmonic Maxwell equations using a boundary element method, for 2‐D geometries illuminated by arbitrary 3‐D excitations, gives rise to numerical difficulties if highly conductive media are present. In particular, the interaction integrals arising in the method of moments involve kernels that strongly oscillate in space and, at the same time, decay exponentially. We present an accurate method to tackle these issues over a very broad conductivity range (from lossy dielectric to conductor skin‐effect regime), for both magnetic and nonmagnetic conductors. Important applications are the modal analysis of waveguides with nonperfect conductors, scattering problems, and shielding problems with enclosures with arbitrary permeability and conductivity and 3‐D noise sources.