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Is there is a link between oral microbiome and chronic liver diseases

Background: The oral cavity is a large reservoir of bacteria of more than 700 species or phylotypes and is strongly relevant to host health and disease. The oral microbiota plays an important role for keeping our health by creating a protective layer in the mouth which stops colonization by pathogens. If the microbial composition is disturbed, the oral microbiota may encourage a state of disease in the oral or extra-oral tissues such as the liver. Evidence suggests that a link exists between dysbiotic oral microenvironment and liver disease through oral-liver-gut axis. Dysbiosis, defined as a pathological change in the microbiome, has a variable effect on the compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis. Previous research revealed that, people with cirrhosis have changes in the gut and salivary microbiota, which can lead to gum disease and a higher risk of corrhotic complications. Moreover, studies have institute that, people with cirrhosis have increased levels of inflammation throughout the body, which is associated with hepatic encephalopathy. The aim of this review is to provide a current overview of alterations in the oral microbiota associated with chronic liver diseases.