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Mechanical compression versus haemostatic wound dressing after femoral artery sheath removal: a prospective, randomized study.

BACKGROUND
Bleeding complications in the groin are one of the major disadvantages of femoral catheter procedures. The immobilisation of the patient and the compression bandages can jeopardize the patients' comfort. Aim of the study was a randomized comparison of safety and patient comfort of mechanical pressure followed by pressure bandage overnight using two different haemostatic pads after femoral artery sheath removal.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Nine hundred and eight consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures via a 5 or 6 F femoral sheath were randomly selected either for mechanical compression therapy followed by a compression bandage (302 patients, group 1), or manual compression with application of a calcium ion releasing device (compression bandage only after application of > 5000 IU of heparin; 303 patients; group 2), or manual compression with a thrombin covered PAD without compression bandage (303 patients, group 3).


RESULTS
No major hemorrhage or death occurred. A false aneurysm was found in 10 (3.3%), 13 (4.3%), and 10 patients (3.3%) of group 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.38). Three patients (0.3%) needed surgical treatment. 69 (22.7%) patients in thrombin covered PAD-group required a compression bandage overnight due to seeping hemorrhage after 15 minutes. In the calcium ion releasing PAD-group 124 (40.9%) patients had continued bandaging, 46 (15.2%) due to seeping hemorrhage after 15 min, and 78 (25.7%) due to application of heparin > 5000 IU.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of mechanical compression combined with a pressure bandage, and the use of haemostatic wound dressing assisted sheath removal technique offer a comparable level of safety. Patient comfort is improved with the usage of PAD devices, however the technical failure rate of the PAD should be taken into account.