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Effects of School Accountability and Autonomy on Malaysian Student Performance

School accountability — the process of evaluating school performance based on student performance measures — is increasingly prevalent across countries around the world. This study uses survey data from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009 to assess how various student and schools characteristics, as well as system level factors such as accountability and autonomy, affect learning in mathematics and science in Malaysia. We provide analytical results on the importance of accountability, autonomy, and transparency on school performance to understand the significant factors in the education reform that could enhance success in student academic achievement.