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Millenarianism Without Rebellion

A vast literature exists regarding popular mellenarian movements in the Jewish and Christian traditions as well as in the primitive societies of Africa, Latin America, and Oceania. The majority of studies on such movements, however, view them as agents of social change, as &dquo;prepolitical phenomena,&dquo; and at times as protorevolutionary insurgencies. In other words, millenarianism is often examined sociologically, but seldom religiously. Typical of this sociological bias are classic works on the subject, such as Norman Cohn’s The Pursuit of the Millennium ( 1957), E. J. Hobsbawm’s Primitive Rebels ( 1959), and Peter Worsley’s The Trumpet Shall Sound ( 1957). Cohn studies religious fanaticism in medieval Europe out of his conviction that it is a forerunner of modern totalitarian ideology. Hobsbawm is interested in nineteenth-century millenarian activities in Italy and Spain as the precursor of modern political movements. Worsley sees militant eschatology in Melanesia as the reflection of economic disinheritance and social deprivation experienced by the natives. Despite later disclaimers on minor points and further refinement of key concepts, all three tend to convey the same impression, however unjustly, that millenarianism is worth investigating primarily