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Image Periodicities Introduced by Three-Fold Astigmatism in HRTEM Images of α-Al2O3 and Related Materials

HRTEM images of α-Al2O3 oriented along [1100] often exhibit a modulation of the basal fringe intensity with a period that corresponds to twice the basal plane spacing. In the example shown in figure 1, note the strong basal fringe contrast in the A12O3 with a period of 4.33 Å. HRTEM image simulations for ideal imaging conditions fail to reproduce this doubling of the lattice fringe period. Instead, simulated images predict that the (0006) fringes (d0006=2.17 Å) should be of equal intensity (e.g., see Figure 3a). Incorrect beam and/or crystal tilt can strongly affect HRTEM image contrast. In particular, anomalous periodicities can arise under beam and crystal tilt conditions for which normally kinematically and dynamically forbidden diffracted beams contribute to the image. More recently, the importance of 3-fold astigmatism on HRTEM imaging has been recognized. As with beam tilt, this lens aberration produces asymmetrical phase shifts in the diffracted beams.