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The influence of recombinant interferon on morphological and biochemical parameters of calves’ blood in early postnatal period

The main mortality of young cattle due to infectious diseases mostly occurs in the first two months of the life, which is resulted from the calves' immune system immaturity. In order to correct the immunological status, various immunomodulators are used, interferons in particular. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of recombinant bovine interferon‐α2d on the biochemical and morphological parameters of the calves' blood in the early postnatal period. Two groups of young animals were formed. Calves from the 1st group (G1,n=10) was twice injected interferon intramuscularly with the interval between injections ‐ 7 days (500 th. MU). The 2nd group was a control (G2, n=10), the injection of the immunostimulant was replaced with saline. Before the beginning (on the 7th day of life) and at the end of the experiment (on the 21st day of life), the blood was taken for the biochemical and morphological analysis. In G1 and G2, the concentration of unconjugated bilirubin at the beginning of the experiment was 2.2 ± 0.2 and 2.1 ± 0.3 mmol/L respectively, in the G1 interferon concentration decreased to 1.1 ± 0.1 mmol/L, which was 2 times less than in the G2 (P ≤ 0.01). The activity of alkaline phosphatase at the beginning of the study was 613.8 ± 54.2 in the G2 and 514.6 ± 22.4 units/L in the G1. By the 21st day of life, the level of it decreased by 16.2% (431, 1 ± 38.0 units/L) in the G1, and it was less by 31.3% (P ≤ 0.05) than the G2 (627.3 ± 77.6 units/ L). The ALT activity at the beginning of the experiment was 4.0 ± 0.8 unit/ L in the G2 and 6.1 ± 1.2 units/L in the G1. After two weeks in the G2 level of ALT increased to 6.0 ± 2.0 U / L, while in calves from the G1, on the contrary, it was decreased in 2.4 times (P≤0.05) ‐ 2.5 ± 0.1 U / L. The AST activity in the intact group by the 21st day was 16.0 ± 8.0 units/ L, which was 8.4 times higher (P≤0.05) than in the G1 (1.9 ± 0.4). Under the influence of interferon, there was the increase in the average concentration of leukocytes (by 13.2%), as well as the decrease in the relative number of neutrophils by 36.8% (P≤0.05). The absolute number of agranulocytes increased by 37.7% (P≤0.05) compared to the control one (5.3 ± 0.5 * 109/ L) and it was 7.3 ± 0.7 * 109/ L. Thus, parenteral injection of recombinant bovine interferon‐α2d to calves in the early postnatal period causes the decrease in transaminase activity and bilirubin concentration, as well as the increase in the number of cells responsible for the humoral immune response.