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Cost‐Effective Integrated Drainage and Wastewater Management Systems

This paper presents an overview of the components of wastewater management systems with particular reference to the emerging ‘pollution preventative’source‐control system which accords more with ‘nature's way’and sustainable‐development principles. The types and characteristics of pollutants, and also the ease of the removal of pollutants from wastewaters and the aquatic environment, are discussed. The source‐control system is compared with the traditional conventional system on the basis of technical, economic, socio‐cultural and environmental appropriateness in order to aid integrated drainage and wastewater treatment system selection and decision making ‐ particularly in developing countries.