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Shadow fading modeling across antenna elements of massive MIMO arrays

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) as a promising air interface technology refers to the idea of equipping cellular base stations (BSs) with a huge number of antenna elements. Massive MIMO technology allows for orders of magnitude enhancement in spectral and energy efficiency requirement demanded by the fifth generation (5G) wireless communications. Accurate channel models that reflect important channel characteristics are very essential to efficiently evaluate massive MIMO technology in more realistic scenarios. Considering the very large electrical size of the Massive MIMO antennas, the shadow fading is a significant phenomenon can be seen across different elements of these arrays. This phenomenon needs to be modeled in order to have an accurate massive MIMO channel model. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of shadow fading along the elements of the uniform linear massive MIMO arrays. To this end, an autocorrelation model of shadow fading is applied to generate the correlated fading coefficients from the uncorrelated ones. These correlated fading coefficients are applied to obtain the modified channel matrix. Some numerical simulations are presented to investigate how such a shadow fading along the Massive MIMO arrays can effect on the channel capacity of the system.