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Book Review: Crosscurrents: West Indian Immigrants and Race

newly-arrived Korean immigrants sold some of these goods such as wigs to African American customers. Their advantage of handling of Korean-made goods offered a unique opportunity to expand their businesses in inner-city poor minority communities. This perspective turns our attention to the business linkage between South Korea or other Third World countries and the United States, and necessitates the analysis of numerous aspects of Korean immigrants’ businesses from this linkage. Another important aspect missing in this book is Christian churches’ role in Korean immigrants‘ adjustment in America. Korean immigrants are well-known for their intensive and extensive involvement with ethnic churches. Therefore, churches play a pivotal role in their immigrant life. The author could have felt that this point had been covered adequately in the field, which is not the case. Regardless of whether the author’s assessment is correct or not, the Christian churches’ role should have been discussed. As a book published in 1999, it does not consider implications of the shrinking numbers of recent immigrants from Korea and the accompanying issue of the so-called “double jeopardy” phenomenon. Korean immigration peaked in 1987-88 and has continued to decline ever since. As expected, through immigration many Korean immigrants experience downward mobility. With the sharp decline in immigration, they suffer additionally from their sense of relative deprivation, since they compare their current American life with that of their reference groups in Korea. Their sense of relative deprivation raises a basic question of the meaning or justification of their immigration to the United States. Today they respond to this existential question in many different ways. This topic should be included in the analysis of the recent adjustment experience of Korean immigrants in the United States. On the whole, the theoretical framework employed in this book is rather an oldfashioned one, not an updated one. In spite of this deficiency, this book is a good complement to the study of Korean immigrants and other Asian Americans due to its coverage of several overlooked issues.