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How Low Can You Go: Mechanical Ventilation Over Time.

Clinical practices around mechanical ventilation have changed significantly over time in both the operating room and intensive care unit setting, shifting from a methodology focused on relatively large tidal volume ventilation to one characterized by smaller tidal volume ventilation and usage of positive end-expiratory pressure. These changes have been due to the accumulation of evidence over time that better pulmonary outcomes are achieved with more modern ventilation practices. In this infographic, we review the timeline across which these changes occurred, the major pieces of evidence supporting the change, and a recent systematic review that has measured these changes over time across hundreds of cohorts of patients.