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A Facile, Multifunctional, Transparent, and Superhydrophobic Coating Based on a Nanoscale Porous Structure Spontaneously Assembled from Branched Silica Nanoparticles

DOI: 10.1002/admi.201500201 In this study, we prepared a coating with an ideal and promising structure that could synchronously achieve both excellent transparency and superhydrophobicity by analyzing the current research status and the requirements for both transparency and superhydrophobicity. A facile, green, and effective method to fabricate these multifunctional coatings on versatile planar or curved substrates was then developed. As far as transparency is concerned, both the bulk and surface properties of coatings should be considered. Poor transparency could be attributed to light absorption by coating materials and light refl ection off interfaces (bulk properties), as well as light scattering caused by high surface roughness (surface properties). [ 6a , 11 ] To attain high transparency, the coating must be composed of low-light-absorbing materials with refractive indices spanning from the refractive indices of air ( n air = 1.0) to that of the substrates. [ 12 ] Refractive indices of conventional transparent materials are 1.59 for polystyrene, 1.58 for polyethylene terephthalate, 1.49 for polymethyl methacrylate, 1.46 for glass, and 1.43 for silica. Among these materials, silica has the lowest refractive index and absorbs minimal visible light. [ 12b ]