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Using cross-layer interaction to prolong the life cycle of wireless sensor networks

Due to its vast range of applications, the wireless sensor network (WSN) has become very favored. In most cases, the sensor nodes are distributed in an unguarded territory. The sensor nodes are fitted with batteries and replacing them is not an easy job. With this restriction, the sensor nodes must preserve their energy and extend the duration of the life cycle as long as possible. A lot of solutions are suggested at all layers to save energy. Various routing protocols and MAC (Media Access Control) protocols with different roles were suggested for WSNs in the literature. To extend the duration of the network life cycle for energy-efficiency, this work presents a cross-layer protocol for WSNs with the integration of the routing layer and MAC layer named ROUTING-MAC to meet the energy-efficiency requirements.