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Quantifying the Complexity of Superscalar Processors

To characterize future performance limitations of superscalar processors, the delays of key pipeline structures in superscalar processors are studied. First, a generic superscalar pipeline is defined. Then the specific areas of register renaming, instruction window wakeup and selection logic, and operand bypassing are analyzed. Each is modeled and Spice simulated for feature sizes of 0:8 m, 0:35 m, and 0:18 m. Performance (delay) results and trends are expressed in terms of issue width and window size. This analysis indicates that window (wakeup and select) logic and operand bypass logic are likely to be the most critical in the future.