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An End-to-End Model Based on Improved Adaptive Deep Belief Network and Its Application to Bearing Fault Diagnosis

Effective machinery prognostics and health management play a crucial role in ensuring the safe and continuous operation of equipment, and satisfactory characteristics’ expression of machine health status plays a key role in the ability to diagnose faults with high accuracy. At present, most methods based on signal processing and the shallow learning model rely on artificial feature extraction to identify the machine fault type. In practical applications, however, meaningful health management requires correct recognition of not only the health type but also the fault degree, if any occurs. Such recognition is useful for determining the priority level of mechanical maintenance and minimizing economic losses. Deep learning techniques, such as deep belief network (DBN), have demonstrated great potential in exploring characteristic information from machine status signals. In this paper, an end-to-end fault diagnosis model based on an adaptive DBN optimized by the Nesterov moment (NM) is proposed to extract deep representative features from rotating machinery and recognize bearing fault types and degrees simultaneously. Frequency-domain signals are inputted into the model for feature learning, and NM is introduced to the training process of the DBN model. Individual adaptive learning rate algorithms are then applied to optimize parameter updating. The performance of the proposed method is validated using a self-made bearing fault test platform, and the model is shown to achieve satisfactory convergence and a testing accuracy higher than those obtained from standard DBN and support vector machine.