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Disruption of Short-Term Memory for Reinforcement by Ambient Illumination

Pigeons were trained on a delayed conditional discrimination (DCD) in which choice of one of two simultaneously presented stimuli was reinforced if the trial had been initiated by presentation of a food sample. On trials in which no sample was presented, choice of the other colour was reinforced. Illumination of the houselights during the retention interval was provided in an attempt to interfere with retention of information about the food sample which served as a conditional cue. In two experiments, retention interval illumination produced a greater disruption of DCD performance on no sample trials than on food sample trials. The finding that retention interval illumination disrupts DCD performance on no sample trials suggests that this manipulation does not affect memorial processes since there was good evidence that performance on no sample trials did not depend on remembering what happened at the outset of the trial. Furthermore, the magnitude of the disruption was larger if the illumination immediately preceded the choice stimuli than if it followed presentation of the sample stimuli. These results support the hypothesis that retention interval illumination disrupts DCD performance by interfering with discriminative control of the choice response rather than with memorial processes. In neither study did retention interval illumination impair discriminative autoshaping to keylight stimuli that immediately preceded the food sample and no sample DCD trials.