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Application of Cultural Tourism Using Community-Based Tourism in the Kayutangan Heritage Area of Malang City

. The Kayutangan heritage area still maintains the architectural forms from its Dutch colonial heritage. The attractions of this form include: cultural heritage buildings, burial sites, irrigation canals and tunnels, the krempyeng market, and events. The purpose of this research was to describe and analyze the application and impact of cultural tourism with the community-based tourism (CBT) concept in the Kampoeng Kayutangan heritage area in Malang City. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to analyze the factors of sustainable tourism development. The results showed that the existing application in the area, covering economic, social, cultural, environmental and political aspects, is already based on the CBT concept. In the economic dimension, the source of funds comes from ticketing or donations allocated for tourism development. However, the economic impact of this tourism has been limited because the impact has not been achieved by the people themselves. In the social dimension, tourists are warmly welcomed when visiting this tourist attraction, which upholds a spirit of togetherness and kinship in serving guests. In the cultural dimension, there is an exchange of ideas where the idea will be accepted and applied for better tourism development. In the environmental dimension, the existing management in this area has not yet implemented 3R, but the management applies segregation and the existing sanitation system is good. In the political dimension, decision-making regarding tourism in this area is carried out by the local tourism community in the Kayutangan Heritage’s Pokdarwis (Tourism Awareness Group).


Introduction
Indonesia has a diversity of cultural heritage areas. According to the 2019 Indonesian Cultural Statistics data, it shows that Indonesia has a cultural heritage of 2,319 buildings [8]. Heritage area is an area that has a past cultural heritage that needs to be inherited [12]. Place that classified to be a heritage area, if it meets the characteristics of heritage which includes six factors, namely scarcity, aesthetics, history, plurality, influence and superlativity [5] which according to contain values such as (1) social value that is beneficial to society, (2) commercial value that can be utilized in economic activities and ICGE 2021 (3) scientific value that can be utilized as scientific development. The heritage area in its development is closely related to the history of the physical development of a city which in its utilization is expected to attract the attention of tourists to visit.
Based on [7], tourism has become a dynamic factor in various countries which in its implementation aims to increase economic growth, overcome unemployment, eradicate poverty, and promote culture. Tourism affects a small part of a country, namely cities whose development is expected to be able to boost the economy in the form of local revenue, especially in Malang City. Tourism in this topic of discussion is related to the Malang Heritage tourist area in the Kayutangan area, Malang City, East Java. The Kayutangan Heritage area is a heritage area of the Dutch East Indies which has a high historical value which in 1914 was the center of Malang City. This area is expected to become one of the tourist destinations known by both local and foreign tourists.
On the basis of the awareness that tourism can cause various existing impacts, such as positive and negative impacts, there are efforts in tourism development, namely culture-based tourism with a new development concept that has value in preserving the environment and community culture, namely Community Based Tourism (CBT) which is expected to be able to to absorb jobs and increase people's income. Communitybased tourism is tourism where the community or local residents play an important and primary role in making decisions affecting and benefiting their lives and environment [10]. Community-based tourism is tourism where the community or local residents play an important and primary role in making decisions affecting and benefiting their lives and environment [11] [13] CBT is also considered as tourism that can take into account and place environmental, social and cultural sustainability that is managed by the community and for the community [3].
The main aspects in the development of CBT tourism include economic, social, cultural, environmental and political dimensions which in writing this study the CBT principles used include: 1) recognizing, supporting and developing community ownership in the tourism industry, 2) involving community members in starting each activity, 3) developing community pride, 4) ensuring environmental sustainability, 5) maintaining the unique character and culture in the local area and 6) helping the development of learning about cultural exchange in the community [10]. CBT must be able to strengthen and preserve local culture, fair profit sharing, heritage and community traditions (sustainable use of local resources), while the political aspect is related to the role of local and regional governments including in making policies so that social, economic and cultural principles can be implemented [2] [9]. The community is expected to play an active role in the course of Kayutangan Heritage tourism in Malang City with the concept of CBT. DOI  This study was conducted to analyze the application and impact of tourism with the CBT concept in the Kayutangan Heritage area in Malang City which later is expected to facilitate the interests of various stakeholders.

Method
Research on the application of cultural tourism was conducted in the Kayutangan Heritage area of Malang City. The location was chosen because this area is one of the areas representative historical and offers tourism with the main aspect being culture.
This study uses descriptive qualitative approach.
Sources of data in this study in the form of primary and secondary data.

Result and Discussion
Malang City has many colonial buildings that functioned as government offices, public facilities and public buildings such as houses or housing [1] [4]. One of the colonial buildings in Malang City is Kayutangan Heritage which is located in the center of Malang City in Klojen District. The location of the Kayutangan Heritage can be seen in Figure   2. The Kayutangan Heritage area. During the Dutch colonial period this area was used ICGE 2021 as an economic center which is still surviving. The buildings in this area are heritage buildings that have maintained their original form. This is one of the main attractions in this area in addition to its own cultural factors.     On the CBT principle, which is to maintain the unique character and culture in the local area, the culture that is maintained in the Kayutangan Heritage area tends to the buildings and architecture, for example, the 1980 House which was built in the same DOI  year. Regional potential development planning in accordance with the CBT concept that carries tourism clusters has not been carried out in this area, but is still being considered because it depends on the contribution of residents. "Want to be like that, but the existing characteristics are still heterogeneous in one location and there are also other locations. Maybe the division of the cluster is more based on the situation at the time of the year according to culinary, arts and so on." In the application of environmental aspects in this area, good management has not been used, this is because it has not maximized the 3R program (reduce, reuse, recycle)

The Main Aspect in the Development of CBT
and is still at the stage of separating the existing waste. However, the existing sanitation has been well optimized. Meanwhile, in the political dimension, in its application in this area, initially it had 3 Rukun Warga (RW) but since April 2021 it has increased to 4 Rukun Warga (RW). In the structural management of Kayutangan Heritage, each RW has representatives who are members of Pokdarwis (tourism awareness groups) and decision making related to tourism is entirely from the Kayutangan Heritage Pokdarwis.
"For the implementation, it still involves the RW, for our region, as pokdarwis, we still ICGE 2021 manage tourism, but as a place of participation, we still go through the RW. From external parties, there is no participation in decision-making, but perhaps it is more of an appeal but still returning to the agreement between Pokdarwis members and residents as owners of tourist destinations," said Chair of Pokdarwis Kayutangan Heritage. In preserving tourism in Kayutangan Heritage, the role of the Malang City government is to provide funds from the "KOTAKU" program to support tourism in this area. In addition, there is coaching and training on governance and culture by the Tourism Office.

Conclusion
The covering the economic, social, cultural, environmental and political aspects is already based on the CBT concept. In the economic dimension, the source of funds comes from ticketing or donations allocated for tourism development. However, along with tourism development, this tourism has not been able to become the main economic foundation because the impact has not been achieved the people themselves. In the social dimension, tourists are warmly welcomed when visited this tourist attraction, which in serving guests more upholds the spirit of togetherness and kinship. In the cultural dimension, there is an exchange of ideas where the idea will be accepted and applied, as advice and input for better tourism development. In the environmental dimension, the existing management in this area has not yet implemented 3R, but the management applies segregation and the existing sanitation system is good. In the political dimension, decision making regarding tourism in this area is carried out by the Kayutangan Heritage's Pokdarwis. The supporting factor for this tourist attraction lies in its different tourist power from other thematic villages, especially in the city of Malang. Participation from the community and local government is also a supporting