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Psychosocial mechanisms of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence of prostate cancer survivors

Abstract Purpose: We examined underlying psychosocial processes of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence (UI) of prostate cancer survivors. Design: Secondary analysis of data collected from a clinical trial. Sample: Two hundred forty-four prostate cancer survivors who participated in a clinical trial of behavioral intervention to UI as intervention or control subjects. Methods: The participants had a 3-month behavioral intervention or usual care and were followed up for an additional 3 months. They were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Latent growth curve models were performed to examine trajectories of each study variable and relationships among the variables. Findings: Increasing self-efficacy and social support were significantly and independently associated with more reduction of urinary leakage frequency over time. Implications for psychosocial oncology: Providing problem-solving skills and social support, including peer support, are essential for empowering patients to reduce UI.