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A dynamic mathematical model for packed columns in carbon capture plants

In this paper, we present a dynamic mathematical model for the absorption and desorption columns in a carbon capture plant. Carbon capture plants must be operated in synchronization with the operation of thermal power plants. Dynamic and flexible operation of the carbon capture plant is important as thermal plants must be operated very flexibly to accommodate large shares of intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar in the energy system. To facilitate such operation, dynamic models for simulation, optimization and control system design are crucial. The dynamic model developed in this paper is suitable for gas-liquid packed columns, e.g. for CO2 absorption and desorption. The model is based on rigorous thermodynamic and conservation principles and it is set up to preserve these properties upon numerical integration in time. The developed model is applied for CO2 absorption and desorption simulation using monoethanolamine (MEA) and piperazine (PZ) as solvent. MEA is considered as the base-case solvent in the carbon capture business. The effect of changes in the flue gas flow rate and changes in the available steam are investigated to determine their influence on the performance of the capture process. The response of the model is shown in terms of capture efficiency and purity of the CO2 product stream. The model is aimed for rigorous dynamic simulation in the context of optimization and control strategy development.