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Non-Repudiation and End-to-End Security for Electric-Vehicle Charging

In this paper we propose a cryptographic solution that provides non-repudiation and end-to-end security for the electric-vehicle-charging ecosystem as it exists in the Netherlands. It is designed to provide long-term non-repudiation, while allowing for data deletion in order to comply with the GDPR. To achieve this, we use signatures on hashes of individual data fields instead of on the combination of fields directly, and we use Merkle authentication trees to reduce the overhead involved.