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Constructing 'Federal Democracy' in Russia: Debates over Structures of Power in the Regions

Both the 1992 Federation Treaty and the 1993 Constitution declared the establishment of a ‘federal democracy’ in Russia. This declaration was intended to mark a break from the pseudo-federalism of the Soviet period and to usher in an intensive restructuring of centre–region relations. It was also intended to comprise a fundamental aspect of Russia’s more general democratic transition from authoritarian rule. In so doing, it drew a tight connection between the two processes of refederalizing and democratizing Russian politics and society. The key to any definition of federal democracy is openness and transparency in power sharing between orders and branches of government. The link between the federal and democratic ideas lies in the construction of partnerships founded upon relationships of trust.