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THREE RADIOCARBON-DATED POLLEN DIAGRAMS FROM UPLAND PEATS NORTH-WEST OF MERTHYR TYDFIL, SOUTH WALES

(1) Three radiocarbon-dated pollen diagrams are presented from sites in Molinia moorland near Coed Taf, 7 km north-west of Merthyr Tydfil, South Wales. Two are from 'blanket peat' profiles on moisture-shedding sites at about 420 m O.D. and one is from an adjacent basin mire at 400 m O.D. (2) The pollen diagrams were divided into phases. Dates of the boundaries of each phase at the basin site were interpolated from deposition-rates spanning pairs of radiocarbon-dated horizons. The ecological history of the locality and the initiation of peat deposition on the plateau are discussed with reference to this time scale. (3) Peat growth began in the basin at c. 7000 years B.P. This is before a rather late Mitchell Boreal-Atlantic transition at this site, for alder was slow to immigrate into this upland region. The base status of the basin was then significantly higher than the present day and the mire supported a wide range of fen species. (4) Whilst there is some evidence for Mesolithic and Neolithic interference, the major impact upon forest in this locality was in the Bronze Age. (5) Peat initiation at the moisture-shedding sites dates from the Dark Ages, notwithstanding considerable differences in peat depth between the sites. Peat growth here began under Callunetum. The present dominance of Molinia is a recent feature and apparently post-dates the start of the Industrial Revolution.