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Novel Protecting Groups for Oligosaccharides Synthesis.

Carbohydrates contain numerous hydroxyl groups and sometimes amine functionalities which lead to a variety of complex structures.  In order to discriminate each hydroxyl groups for the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides, protecting group manipulations are essential.  Although the primary role of a protecting group is to temporarily mask a particular hydroxyl/amino group group, it plays a greater role in tuning the reactivity of coupling partners as well as regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of glycosylations.  Several protecting groups offer anchimeric assistance in glycosylation.  They also alter the solubility of substrates and thereby influence the reaction outcome.  Since oligosaccharides comprise branched structures, the glycosyl donors and acceptors needs to be protected with orthogonal protected groups that can be selectively removed one at a time without affecting other groups.  The mini-review is therefore intended to provide a discussion on the new protecting groups for amino and hydroxyl groups, which have been introduced over last ten years in the field of carbohydrate synthesis.  These protecting groups are also useful for synthesizing non-carbohydrate target molecules as well.