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Literature Studies on Intangible Assets: From the Perspectives of Theory of the Firm

Traditionally, organizations have relied on tangible assets for their competitive advantage. This appears the easiest and most common practices. However, it should be noted that intangible assets, such as; information, relationships with customers, employees' skills/competence, managerial skills/competence, systems and procedures, have emerged as the crucial factors toward firm's competitive advantage. This can be evaluated from the direct comparisons between book value and market value of the firm. Undoubtedly, the presence of information and competence of using pertinent information may have become the solid foundation toward leaping unto the most difficult level of competitive advantage, perhaps, by minimizing the chances of copying by competitors. This study on intangible assets relies on the theory of the firm as the point of entry toward building a literature analysis.