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The Muslim Headscarf and French Schools

The particular circumstances of French history explain why that nation has adopted an unusually severe policy in attempting to suppress the wearing in schools of the Muslim headscarf. The long struggle to create French identity and then to resolve the bitter conflicts between traditional supporters of the Catholic Church and those of the secular Republic resulted in a distinctive connotation being acquired by a number of commonly used words, of which most English translations are misleadingly inadequate. The events leading from the exclusion of three Muslim girls from a school in 1998 to the passing of the new law of 2004 are analyzed.