{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.021954369349978475, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0034438226431338786, 'mean_word_length': 5.164456233421751, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Clinical Results of Peripheral Vestibular Function in People With Diabetes Mellitus

Background and Aims Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases and one of the significant public health concerns in the world. The vestibular defect is a common pathology in DM. It causes ischemia of the vestibular structures and changes in the metabolism of the inner ear fluids. The purpose of this study was to review the studies that have evaluated the vestibular system by clinical tests, including Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP), Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV), video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), and caloric tests in DM patients. Methods This review investigates the results of related papers in Google Scholar, PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, and Persian databases, including SID and Magiran, from 2000 to January 2021. According to inclusion criteria, eighteen studies were selected. Results More studies have been performed on the effect of DM on the otolith organs in humans. Most of them have used cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (cVEMP). They have been performed in people with and without vestibular symptoms and diabetic neuropathy. In some of the Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (c/oVEMP) evaluations, increased wave latency and decreased amplitude were reported in the DM group compared to the control group. The predominant finding of the SVV test is an increase in the amplitude of the dynamic deviation in DM patients. The vHIT test was performed in asymptomatic vestibular DM. Some have reported the decrease of the VOR gain average in different semicircular canals without mentioning the observation of catch-up saccades. A caloric test is often performed in DM patients who all or some of them have vestibular symptoms. Unilateral weakness in some of them was the predominant result. Noteworthy is the discrepancy among the results of these vestibular tests in DM. Conclusion The vestibular system’s function can be affected by DM complications with or without symptoms (subclinical). The influence of the results of clinical tests on this disease, characteristics, and measurement parameters are also highly dependent on individual factors. A single outcome cannot be found for how the vestibular system works in these patients.