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NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE BASEMENT COMPLEX SOILS OF THE TROPICAL, DRY RAINFOREST OF SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: 1. MACRONUTRIENTS—CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND POTASSIUM

We analyzed a cross section of the basement complex soils in the tropical, dry rainforest of southwestern Nigeria for total and exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K; organic matter; pH; and particle size fractions to determine the capacity of the different soils to supply the exchange cations and to study the relationship among these parameters. The alluvial soils have the highest levels of total calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Total potassium was much higher than total Ca and Mg in the soils, but exchangeable K was very low, because only 0.3 to 4.4% total K was in exchangeable form though the corresponding Ca and Mg percentages ranged from 7.9 to 57.6 and 10.3 to 70.8, respectively. The potassium was the least easily exchangeable, preferring to remain in moderately stable primary and secondary minerals. Granite gneiss has the highest capacity to supply exchangeable K, and alluvium has the highest for both Ca and Mg. Quartzite schist rates a close second if the excessive influence of organic matter on profile 11 is ignored, indicating the high mobility of Ca and Mg relative to K. Organic matter and pH have significant positive correlations with exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K.