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Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Digital Images for 3 D Modelling of the Erechtheion , Acropolis of Athens

This work is part of the project “Development of Geographic Information Systems at the Acropolis of Athens“. Within this project one of the aims is the generation of a textured, high-resolution, accurate 3D model of the Erechtheion and a realistic computer animation. For most parts, we used a medium-range time-of-flight (TOF) phase-based laser scanner with minimum lateral data spacing of 1 mm and depth uncertainty of 0.2 mm. We also used high-resolution digital images for image-based reconstruction on some parts and for texture mapping. We present data capture, processing, and model generation techniques with emphasis on the encountered problems and solutions when dealing with a large complex structure, huge datasets, and field work under time constraints and challenging conditions. The experience gained, and the tools adapted for some tasks, will be valuable for other large-scale 3D modelling projects.