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The Meaning of Resilience in Adulthood

: This article presents an extensive description of resilience in adulthood in the modern world. Considering difficulties with defining resilience, the study discusses differences and similarities between the concepts of resilience and resiliency. I take into account broad definition of resilience referring to many scientific perspectives and conclude that resilience should be perceived as a dynamic process. The meta-analysis of the relations between the factors indicates the presence of many direct and indirect components related to resilience. However, only some of them are supported by scientific evidence. The article reviews publications on the importance of selected factors of resilience, especially in the context of adulthood and challenges of today’s world. I accentuate the topic of mental health during the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus and the consequences of the COVID pandemic in the context of worldwide population. The social-economic crisis accompanied by a high level of anxiety highlights the demand for resources that will serve as protective factors. The ongoing war in Ukraine also needs to be taken into consideration as it affects mental health of refugees, witnesses of the war as well as individuals who provide selfless help. This article explores the importance of resilience in adulthood in the context of health pointing to a negative relationship with negative mental health indicators, a positive relationship with positive mental health indicators, and a relationship between resilience and personality traits. What is more, I discuss the ability of emotional disengagement, patterns of physiological reactions and compare resilience to the somatic immune system. In the analysis, I draw on experimental studies of the relationship between immunity and cognitive functions to indicate the cognitive component, namely the cognitive resilience. eksperymentalnych.