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A GIS-based model for estimating regional potential evapotranspiration in complex terrains

The estimation of regional reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is crucial for agricultural water assessment. Traditional methods based on point-specific ET0 from meteorological stations are not suitable for complex terrains. Advances of GIS technology provide such possibility. For very complex terrains, however, topography can have considerable effect on meteorological factors such as air temperature and solar radiation. In this paper, spatially distributed daily ET0 was estimated by FAO Penman-Monteith equation, while the effect of topography on meteorological factors was taken into consideration. This was achieved through spatial interpolation of maximum and minimum air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and sunshine hours. Solar radiation was modeled at grid level by adjusting the effect of specific site conditions prior to estimating ET0. To test the reliability and applicability of the model, spatial distribution of ET0 (resolution 90 × 90 m) was generated for taking Fengning County of North China as an example. There was a good agreement between the site conditions and model simulated ET0. This study demonstrates the possibility of incorporating topography in the estimation of ET0.