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Influence of Gravity on Molten Pool Behavior and Analysis of Microstructure on Various Welding Positions in Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding

This study performed welding on various welding positions in the flat, overhead, and vertical down positions using a pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) process. Despite the same amount of heat input on various welding positions, the welding characteristics varied depending on the welding positions. The effect of gravity on the welding process determined the different formation of the weld bead, and the influence of molten pool behavior on various welding positions changed the microstructure in the weld metal. The current and voltage signals were synchronized with a high-speed camera using a data acquisition (DAQ) system. To induce the one pulse one drop (OPOD) process of metal transfer, the shielding gas was used 95% Ar+5% CO2. The microstructure of the weld metal was analyzed in relation to molten pool behavior.