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Turkey-European Union Migration Cooperation: Facility For Refugees In Turkey As An Example Of Migration Externalisation

Europe, including the countries having the most generous welfare regimes in the world, has emerged as a primary destination for the millions of people fleeing their homes after the multiple crisis and conflicts in the neighbourhood regions. The unprecedented migration pressure has forced Europe to develop alternative methods to ensure a better management of the migration by 2015. Some of the measures in this vein were taken jointly by the states at the European Union (EU) level. Among the many steps taken at the EU level, externalisation mechanism, aiming to share migration burden with the third countries, also existed. Turkey, cooperating with the EU on matters regarding migration for a long time as a candidate country for the EU membership, has been also added to the externalisation efforts of the Union as a third country. Facility for the Refugees in Turkey has become one of main pillars of the externalisation relation formally established in 2016 between the parties. After presenting the migration externalisation mechanism conceptually, the study presents the EU-Turkey migration cooperation and the Facility for the Refugees in Turkey consecutively. In addition to the review of the literature on the subject, the study is based on the analysis of the official documents, reports and evaluations produced by the EU institutions on European Facility for the Refugees in Turkey and the cooperation with Turkey on migration, and the news on the subject in periodicals.