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Temporal distinctions in the synthesis and accumulation of proteins by oocytes and cumulus cells during maturation in vitro of bovine oocytes

Successful in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes requires continual and/or episodic protein synthesis by cumulus‐oocyte complexes. This study was designed to expose time‐dependent changes in protein synthesis and accumulation by bovine oocytes and cumulus cells during routine IVM. Silver staining after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) demonstrated little if any change in protein species present or their relative contents in oocytes during IVM; one notable exception, however, was the gradual accumulation of a 39‐kDa polypeptide between 4–24 hr of maturation culture. Cumulus cells, on the other hand, exhibited no qualitative differences during the period examined, but total protein content did increase during IVM. Metabolic labeling with [35S]‐methionine, however, demonstrated changes in protein synthesis, both quantitative and qualitative, by both cell types. Oocytes exhibited a steady or slightly increasing rate of synthesis during the first 12 hr of IVM; thereafter, protein synthesis declined to about 10% of the initial rate by 40 hr in culture. In contrast, protein synthesis in cumulus cells was relatively constant during the first 24 hr. Of greater interest is the demonstration that the synthesis of at least seven oocyte‐specific and five cumulus‐specific proteins was stage‐dependent during maturation. These results indicate that maturation of bovine oocytes is associated with the synthesis of several distinct and temporally expressed proteins which may play roles in the highly ordered sequence of events that culminates in oocyte maturation. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.