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Ancient Technologies: Complete vs. Conceptual Transfer

Abstract The article suggests that certain regional differences between ancient installations that served similar purposes can be explained as being the result of two distinct types of transfer: complete and conceptual. In complete transfer, newly-introduced installations are identical or almost identical to those of the place from which they were derived. In conceptual transfer, it is only the general concept that is transferred. As a result, in the recipient region a very different device develops. The article describes two cases of conceptual transfer: the lever-anddrum press in israel and the rotary hand mill in China. It then goes on to discuss a third case, screw weights in israel. This case not only helps to explain the unusual topographical distribution of the various types of weights but also demonstrates both types of transfer.