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Secure Data Aggregation in WSNs: A Two Level Framework

Energy efficiency is an important issue in wireless sensor networks; clustering of nodes and sensor data aggregation are popular techniques to address the issue. Sensors generate sensitive data in many applications and thus methods to secure the data so as to prevent easy access by unauthorized agents are essential. Security against false data injection or data tampering can be provided through encryption of sensor data; but it increases load on processing. Securing data, however, puts a burden on the node battery. Data aggregation aims both at data reduction so as to spend less time for encryption as well as reduce transmission load, but demanding additional processing at aggregating node. Thus, aggregation and security are contradictory solutions. The dilemma can be resolved by allowing targeted malleability of encrypted data through homomorphic encryption. The recent research works recommend schemes which use homomorphic MACs, signatures and a blend of private and public cryptography to achieve the purpose. This paper proposes a generalized framework which will be more secure in aspects of secure data aggregation and security of data which include the data privacy and detection of tampering data through homomorphic primitive.