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‘Mahapach!’: the Israeli 1977 political upheaval – implications and aftermath

As simplistic and self-evident as it may seem, the 1977 political upheaval in Israel is important on two different levels, each in itself sufficient for defining it as one of the most dramatic moments in Israeli political history: the descent from power of the Labour Party, having led all Israeli governments since the establishment of the state in 1948 (as well as the Zionist leadership since 1933); and the ascent of the Likud party to power – with an ideology that until then had been unprecedented in Israel’s political leadership: a liberal-nationalism that rejects socialist-collectivistic thought. This highly dramatic political changeover eventually led to an overwhelming economic, social, political and cultural transformation of Israeli society. The newly elected Likud government aimed to create an ‘inclusive community’ accommodating the diverse cultures and customs of all its citizens, while their predecessors, the Labour party, functioned in many ways as an ‘excluding community’, striving to forge an ‘ideal type new Israeli’, to which the entire society was expected to aspire; the Likud government acted to reduce the government’s involvement in private lives by empowering and caring for citizens’ welfare while releasing them from dependence on political party or government institution. In contrast, Labour governments had built health, education and welfare institutions that stipulated eligibility for service in party affiliation or membership. Over the years, many academic studies have focused on specific aspects of the upheaval and its impact on Israeli society: the upheaval’s effect on the formation of the political arena; the establishment of social economy; state– religion relations; external and security relations; the peace accord signed by the Begin government with Egypt, the settlement policy, and more. However, in addition to the fact that there is still room for extensive study of many relevant topics and perspectives, we feel that the upheaval itself has yet to be suitably identified as the significant event that it is, to be