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A MODELING FRAMEWORK FOR SPEECH MOTOR DEVELOPMENT AND KINEMATIC ARTICULATOR CONTROL

This paper presents three hypotheses that are central to a computational model of speech production: (1) Sound targets take the form of regions, rather than points, in a planning reference frame. (2) The planning frame is more acoustic-like than the frames used in most recent models. (3) A direction-to-direction mapping transforms planned trajectories into articulator movements. These hypotheses are supported by experimental data and simulation results. 1. INTRODUCTION: REFERENCE FRAMES AND MAPPINGS It is useful to think of speech production as the process of formulating a trajectory within a planning reference frame to pass through a sequence of targets, each corresponding to a different phoneme in the string being produced. This trajectory can then be mapped into a set of articulator movements that carry out the planned trajectory. The articulator movements are defined within an articulatory reference frame that relates closely to the musculature or primary movement degrees of freedom of the speech articulators. The process of mapping from the planning frame to the articulator frame need not wait until the entire trajectory has been planned, but instead may be carried out in concurrence with trajectory planning.