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Involvement of inflammation in severe post‐operative pain demonstrated by pre‐surgical and post‐surgical treatment with piroxicam and ketorolac

Objectives  Post‐operative pain is considered to involve inflammation caused by tissue injury. However, the mechanism and timing of the involvement of inflammation in the post‐operative pain remain complicated because they can vary among different types of surgery. In this study a rat incision model was used to investigate how inflammation induced by cyclooxygenases (COXs) is involved in severe post‐operative pain.