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A skin imaging method based on a colour formation model and its application to the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions

Pigmented lesions with different histology can appear similar, making clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma difficult. This paper describes a new computer-based approach which uses an optical model of the skin to interpret the colours occurring in a lesion in terms of lesion histology. Through the development of an optical image formation model of human skin it is shown that all normal skin colours lie on a two-dimensional surface patch within a three-dimensional colour space. The colour coordinates corresponding to atypical skin structures deviate in characteristic ways from the predicted normal surface patch and thus can be identified. In particular, the method generates parametric images showing the presence of melanin in the dermis. This information can help in lesion discrimination.