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Fractal massacres in the Old Northwest: the example of the Miamis

Between 1784 and 1795, the first U.S. standing armies were sent in relentless waves against the peoples of the Old Northwest, to initiate the conquest of the American empire in ‘the West’. Typically, following a short pretense of diplomacy, the U.S. army initiated campaigns of terror accompanied by massacres of inconvenient peoples. Using the specific example of the Miami peoples of Indiana between 1788 and 1791, this article will describe the fractal nature of the successive waves of attacks, deconstruct U.S. massacre rhetoric, and highlight the contemporary analyses of events by the Native peoples of the Old Northwest.