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The Rhythmic Brain

Neuroscientists interested in examining higher brain function hope to discover a common neural coding language that subserves complex mental processes (Calvin, 1997; Shaw, 2000). Identifying the structural features of such a neural code is of primary importance to cognitive scientists because it would provide an intermediate-level structure capable of linking cognitive functions to low-level neural mechanisms. In this paper, I propose that this neural language is configured according to temporal principles that mirror the rhythmic properties exhibited in most styles of music. In particular, three time-dependent neural phenomena (frequency, synchrony, and temporal pattern) can be said to correspond to three essential ingredients of musical rhythm (tempo, meter, and phrasing). In what follows, I highlight the important role of rhythmic sequences in cognitive development, review neurosicence findings that describe the rhythmic properties of known neural mechanisms, and introduce a rhythm-based model of the brain’s neural coding language.