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Factions in the Second State Duma

The Second State Duma of the Russian empire (20 February–3 June 1907) was the only one that included representatives of all the main parties in numbers that even remotely matched those parties’ popularity in the public eye. Works pertaining specifically to the Second Duma, all political or commemorative in nature, began to appear shortly after its dissolution. In 1924 Sergei Grigor’evich Tomsinskii published a monograph, prepared under the auspices of Mikhail Nikolaevich Pokrovskii’s seminar, that employed a limited range of sources (none of them unpublished materials or newspaper reports) to examine the Duma factions and the decisions it took on the most important issues. Tomsinkii’s work was notably partisan: its author was less eager to study than to unmask the factions that had resisted the Bolsheviks. Alfred Levin’s monograph covers roughly the same issues but goes into greater detail and is based on more extensive sources (including some newspapers). Yet most of its attention goes to the Social Democratic [SD] faction, which means that the composition, program, and tactics of the other factions are given only summary treatment. No further research on the Second Duma was published in the fifty years that followed, and more general works touched on only certain aspects of what it did and how it was constituted. A recent monograph on factions in the First and Second Dumas by Viktor Anatol’evich Kozbanenko explores the organization of Duma factions and the positions they held on several issues. This somewhat one-sided treatment explores the tactics of populist [narodnicheskii] to the exclusion of right-wing and nationalist factions.