{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.049019607843137254, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007625272331154684, 'mean_word_length': 5.2517006802721085, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Differential behaviour of Fe(III)- and Cu(II)-montmorillonite with aniline: I. Suspensions with constant solid: liquid ratio

Abstract Aniline, adsorbed from aqueous solution in 1% (w/v) clay suspensions, forms coloured complexes and polymerizes on Fe(III)- and Cu(II)-montmorillonite. As evidenced by the adsorption isotherms, and the coloration and spectroscopic (IR, ESR) characteristics of the organo-clay associations formed, the conditions under which these reactions take place and the mechanisms involved differ according to the exchange cation. Fe(III) interacts with the π electrons of the aromatic ring to give rise to radical cations or so-called type II complexes, provided the aniline concentration does not exceed 500 p.p.m. With Cu(II). an aniline concentration above 500 p.p.m. is required and the reaction occurs at the amine group, proceeding through coordination followed by free-radical formation.