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The Hungarian-speaking Hussites of Moldavia and two English Episodes in their History

THE presence of Hungarian, Saxon, and Polish communities of Hussite refugees in the Moldavian principality from the first half of the fifteenth century is well attested. The focus of the present article is on the Hungarian communities who in any case appear with the greatest frequency in the archival sources and were the most numerous of the Hussite immigrants. In this article I shall consider the origin of those communities and the factors that led to their growth, together with their beliefs. I shall look also at the developments that led to their eventual demise. In the process I shall review the conclusions of the historiography and suggest revisions where the conclusions are not supported by the evidence. I shall conclude by examining when the Hungarian-speaking Hussites ceased to exist as a discrete cultural community in Moldavia. In considering more generally the history of the Hungarian-speaking Hussites of Moldavia, I shall look in detail at two points in their history in which there was an English intervention. The first occurred early in their Moldavian existence: I shall review the evidence that the prominent English Wyclifite and a leader of the Hussite movement in Bohemia, Peter Payne, stayed among them between 1440 and 1443. The second point came late in their story. Their plight at the hands of Jesuit missionaries, supported by the Moldavian Prince, attracted the attention of the Elizabethan Court in the early 1590s through the agency of the English ambassador to the Sublime Porte, Edward Barton.