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Performance Evaluation of Fiber Optic Sensors to Measure Moisture in Transformer Insulation

Power transformers have always been a critical asset for a utility. The accurate diagnosis and regular condition monitoring is an essential part of this critical asset management. The evaluation of transformer fleet includes a variety of online and offline measurements, which includes measurement of different parameters such as its temperature, moisture, dissolved gasses, oxygen, furanic analysis, partial discharge, winding clamping pressure, sound level, oil flow etc. This paper presents the performance of an online optical fiber sensor for moisture estimation in transformers. The tests are performed on two distribution size transformers of 5 kVA rating, filled with mineral and Envirotemp FR3 insulating fluid, where the optical sensors are installed around the active part of transformers. The advantages and the effectiveness of distributed sensing are discussed against a commercial water activity probe.