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Intercultural dialogue in practice: managing value judgment through foreign language education

evidence showing that stable differences in individuals’ ideological attitudes are very powerfully related to them being generally prejudiced or tolerant is entirely ignored. The weakness of this chapter is probably not surprising, however, as experimental social psychologists have largely ignored the study of the role of individual differences in prejudice, preferring (as noted above) to see prejudiced attitudes as largely or entirely determined by social-situational factors. The volume concludes with a chapter on reducing prejudice. This does not attempt to comprehensively review prejudice-reduction strategies but, instead, focuses exclusively on research and theory on the famous ‘contact’ hypothesis. Since contact is probably the issue that social psychologists have most focused on, this seems justified. The chapter is well done, providing a good overall assessment of the research, with clear descriptions of important studies and generally well-balanced conclusions. Overall, with the exception of the treatment of prejudiced individuals, this book provides a very good overview of social-psychological research and theory on prejudice. It will make an excellent resource for advanced students and provides useful synopses for researchers. It inevitably reflects, of course, the emphases and biases characteristic of the field, and this will probably limit its usefulness for the general reader or other social scientists. The overreliance on experimental methods, to the detriment of naturalistic description, conceptual clarification, adequate measurement and broad theory development has been noted already. Another issue is the pursuit of well-intentioned and politically correct advocacy agendas. An example here is the emphasis on theory, research, measures and procedures suggesting that prejudice is as pervasive and powerful today as it ever was. As a result, social psychology has entirely missed one of the more remarkable historical developments of the second half the twentieth century what Steven Pinker, in The Better Angels of Our Nature (2011) has referred to as the ‘rights revolutions’ epitomised by dramatic declines in discrimination, racism, sexism, violence and prejudice, and an equally dramatic expansion in the legal rights and protections accorded to stigmatised groups. The general reader may thus find that treatments of prejudice and related phenomena from perspectives other than social psychology are more useful.