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Cisplatin Prodrug-Loaded Nanoparticles Based on Physalis Mottle Virus for Cancer Therapy.

Nanoparticle-based prodrugs offer an effective strategy to improve the safety and delivery of small-molecule therapeutics while reducing the risk of drug resistance. Here, we conjugated a maleimide-functionalized cisplatin prodrug containing Pt(IV) to the internal and/or external surface of virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from Physalis mottle virus (PhMV) to develop a pH-sensitive drug delivery system. The internally loaded and PEGylated VLPs (Pt-PhMVCy5.5-PEG) were taken up efficiently by cancer cells where they released platinum, presumably as a reduced, DNA-reactive Pt(II) complex, rapidly under acidic conditions in vitro (>80% in 30 h). The efficacy of the VLP-based drug delivery system was demonstrated against a panel of cancer cell lines, including cell lines resistant to platinum therapy. Furthermore, Pt-PhMVCy5.5-PEG successfully inhibited the growth of xenograft MDA-MB-231 breast tumors in vivo and significantly prolonged the survival of mice compared to free cisplatin and cisplatin-maleimide. Pt-PhMVCy5.5-PEG therefore appears promising as a prodrug to overcome the limitations of conventional platinum-based drugs for cancer therapy.