{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01132852729145211, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.230769230769231, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The evolution of service economics as part of the theory of contemporary capitalism

The Japanese controversy about productive and unproductive labour and the service economy has focused on whether or not service labour produces value and surplus value. While I accept the distinction between productive and unproductive labour, I will argue that the purpose of service economics is to clarify the causes and effects of the service economy in contemporary capitalism. For this purpose, I adopt a methodology which considers the diversity of service industries and activities. Most Japanese researchers on the service sector have used their own definitions of ‘service’. I will show that such a methodology has serious limits for the analysis of the contemporary service economy, and I explain that recent developments in the service sector have been caused by low economic growth, and the development of the service sector has not succeeded in overcoming this stagnation.