{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03401797175866496, 'fraction_numerical': 0.01668806161745828, 'mean_word_length': 5.261044176706827, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Free and nanoencapsulated vitamin D3: effects on E‐NTPDase and E‐ADA activities in an animal model with induced arthritis

The effect of vitamin D3 in oral solution (VD3) and vitamin D3‐loaded nanocapsules (NC‐VD3) was analysed in animals with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis (AR). For this purpose, we evaluated scores for arthritis, thermal hyperalgesia and paw oedema, as well as histological analyses and measurements of the activity of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E‐NTPDase) and ecto‐adenosine deaminase (E‐ADA) enzymes in rat lymphocytes. Haematological and biochemical parameters were also determined. The doses administered were 120 UI/day of VD3 and 15.84 UI/day of NC‐VD3. Fifteen days after the induction of AR, the groups were treated for 15 days with vitamin D3. The results demonstrated that VD3 was able to reduce arthritis scores, thermal hyperalgesia and paw oedema in rats with CFA‐induced arthritis. However, treatment with NC‐VD3 did not reduce arthritis scores. The histological analyses showed that both formulations were able to reduce the inflammatory changes induced by CFA. The activity of E‐NTPDase in rat lymphocytes was higher in the AR compared with the control group, while the activity of E‐ADA was lower. This effect was reversed after the 15‐day treatment. Data from this study indicates that both forms of vitamin D3 seem to contribute to decreasing the inflammatory process induced by CFA, possibly altering the activities of ectoenzymes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.