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Comprehensive rehabilitation of patients after total laryngectomy: major developmental milestones

Laryngectomy is a common treatment of locoregionally advanced (stage III and IV) laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Surgical treatment causes both vital (breathing, swallowing) and communicative (voice, smell) functions disorder. The degree of recovery of these functions affects the patient’s quality of life, the return to work, and the ability to be an active member of society. The most important role for psychosocial adaptation is played by the restoration of voice function. However, it is not the only direction in the rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients. Correction of the respiratory, swallowing, and olfactory disorders is also important and requires a multidisciplinary team of specialists. The article provides an overview of main methods of restoring lost functions after laryngectomy in historical retrospective.