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Knee synovial fluid complement C3‐β chain levels correlate with clinical symptoms of knee osteoarthritis

Early research found innate immune factor complement C3 in the synovial fluid (SF) and activated in serum of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Whether synovial C3 comes from circulation, or is produced locally, is still unknown. It is also unclear whether synovial and circulating C3 is responsible to OA symptoms. A native C3 molecule consists of two chains, C3‐α and C3‐β. Small fragments breaking down from C3‐α chain in serum and SF were reported to be related to OA severity. Little is known if C3‐β chain is involved in the pathogenesis.