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Phosphorylation of Dihydropyridine Receptor II-III Loop Peptide Regulates Skeletal Muscle Calcium Release Channel Function

In vertebrate skeletal muscle, excitation-contraction coupling may occur by a mechanical coupling mechanism involving protein-protein interactions between the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) of the transverse tubule membrane and the ryanodine receptor (RYR)/Ca release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. We have previously shown that the cytoplasmic II-III loop peptides of the skeletal and cardiac muscle DHPR α1 subunits (SDCL and CDCL, respectively) activate the skeletal muscle RYR. We now report that cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Ser of SDCL yields a peptide that fails to activate the RYR, as determined in [3H]ryanodine binding and single channel measurements. The phosphorylated SDCL bound to the skeletal muscle but not cardiac muscle RYR, and the binding could be displaced by the unphosphorylated SDCL. A mutant SDCL with a Ser Ala substitution failed to activate the RYR, but was still able to bind. Similarly, a Ser Ala substitution in CDCL yielded a peptide that failed to activate the skeletal RYR. Use of three smaller overlapping peptides within the SDCL region identified an amino acid region from 666 to 726 including Ser, which bound to and activated the skeletal muscle RYR. These results suggest that cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the DHPR α1 subunit may play a role in the functional interaction of the DHPR and RYR in skeletal muscle.