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Fertilisation practice changes rhizosphere microbial community structure in the agroecosystem

Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Resources Environment of AnHui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hefei University, Hefei, China Correspondence Associate Prof. Daozhong Wang, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Anhui Academic of Agricultural Science, No. 40 Southern Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, Anhui, China. Email: wangdaozhong11@126.com Xisheng Guo, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Anhui Academic of Agricultural Science, No. 40 Southern Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, Anhui, China. Email: 1078681598@qq.com Funding information Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant/Award Number: XDB15010103; Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 41501323; Natural Science Foundation of AnHui Province, Grant/Award Numbers: 1608085QD87, 17030701052; Programs of State key laboratory of soil and sustainable agriculture of Chinese Academy of Science and Anhui Academic of Agricultural Science, Grant/ Award Numbers: Y20160027, 17A1024 Rhizosphere microbial community is important for the acquisition of soil nutrients and closely related to plant species. Fertilisation practice changed soil quality. With the hypothesis of stronger rhizosphere effect of plant on rhizosphere microbial community than fertilisation management, we designed this research based on a long-term field experiment (1982–present). This study consists of no fertilisation (NF), mineral fertilisers (NPK), mineral fertilisers plus 7,500 kg/ ha of wheat straw addition (WS) and mineral fertilisers plus 30,000 kg/ha of cow manure (CM). After analysing, we found that fertilisation management not only elevated crop yield but also affected crop rhizosphere microbial community structure. The influence of fertilisation practice on wheat rhizosphere microbial structure was stronger than that of wheat. For wheat rhizosphere bacterial community, it was significantly affected by soil water content (SWC), nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), pH, available phosphorus (AVP) and nitrogen (AVN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and carbon (DOC). Besides SWC, pH, AVP, AVN, TN, TP and DOC, the wheat rhizosphere fungi community was also significantly affected by soil organic matter (SOM) and available potassium (AVK). Moreover, compared to rhizosphere bacterial community, the influences of soil physiochemical properties on rhizosphere fungal community was stronger. In conclusion, fertilisation practice was the primary factor structuring rhizosphere microbial community by changing soil nutrients availabilities in the agroecosystem.