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Why Do Vocational High School Girls Drop Out? Unraveling the Correlation between Business Development in Rural Areas and Adolescents’ School Interest in the Blitar Regency, East Java

This paper explores the reasons for students to consider dropping out of school and choosing to work. It also assesses the benefits of marketing study programes with regards to the store clerk profession. This study employs qualitative design using phenomenology approach. The key subjects of this research were four vocational high school students in Blitar who had opted to leave school early. Data was extracted and explored using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Triangulation of sources and methods was carried out to obtain accurate information, the analysis was carried out with the simultaneous stages of Approach, Excavation, Deepening, Matching, Interpretation and Presentation (6P). The results of this study demonstrate that the main reasons contributing to leaving school early are family background, environment, society, and the student’s experience during school. In addition, the vocational marketing study program gives students the requisite experience and skill sets to work as store clerks, further facilitating their decision to leave school early and start their professional careers.


Introduction
Most of vocational high school (SMK) students belong to adolescent stage. Commonly, individual reaching this life stage encounters an inner turmoil during the process of identity discoveries. As a matter of fact. According to Steinmetz (2002), adolescent constitutes a bizzare and uncommon life process between childhood and adulthood. This stage is highly correlated with stress and storm or what-so-called an awkward age.
During this life phase, confusion is commonly occured. Adolescence phase is divided into two: early phase between 13 and 16 year-old and late phase between 16 and18 Unfortunately, most students decided to dropout due to varied factors.
A research conducted by Oktaviani (2012) reports that a number of junior high school graduates did not manage to continue their education to senior high school. Several reasons were confirmed as follows: (1) most of them had a traumatic events in school such as an abusive teacher who discouraged them, (2) most of them were influenced by some of their friend who did not attend to school; having a perception in which school does not important and they can survive anyway, (3) most of the parents gave less encouragement abou the importance of school and education. Slightly different from the findings of Winarno (2017), a numerous cases of school dropout among vocational high school students were caused by the growing of economical activity in the rural areas-some productive resources in the rural areas were began to develop. Moreover, some of them considered that the distance between the school and their house is far away. It is further supported by parents who considered that earning money is more important than pursuing education..
Another factors found were due to the economic condition of the family. They are forced to work instead of attending school since they need to help their parents in earning money. Sadly, even some of them take a role as the breadwinner of family. As has been discovered by Nastalia (2007), the reasons why teenager choose to dropout from school to work, even migrating to other city, is due to the family support, inappropriate parenting styles, family issues, the absence of parents, and the influence of step parents.
On the other hand, according to the educational context, teacher may conribute to the DOI  Hence, this research seeks to explore and discover further the factors which may influence students to dropout from school and go to work instead of attending school, particularly the students of vocational high school in the Marketing study program. In addition, it aims at unraveling how important the study program in supporting them to be storeclerk and it aims at revealing the impact of working instead of attending school.

Method
This paper employed qualitative design using phenomenology approach. This design was used to discover deeply the reasons of vocational high school students in droping out from school and choosing to work. The key informants of this research were four droppedout students from SMKN 1 Kademangan in the range of 2017 to 2018 aged between 15-18 years and currently working in the formal sector as storeclerk. This paper also took their parents as the informants. This paper took the subjects who live in the southern part of Blitar regency. Data was extracted and explored using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Triangulation of sources and methods was carried out to obtain accurate information, the analysis was carried out with the simultaneous stages of Approach, Excavation, Deepening, Matching, Interpretation and Presentation (6P).

The reason of students to choose work instead of attending school
This research results indicates that students tend to choose to work instead of attending school and finishing the education. It is primarily influenced by several factors, they are: (1) internal motivation; they think that they need to live independently and need to earn money, (2) the surrounding environment; it is common for teenagers in the surrounding community to work and earn money, (3) the distance between school and residence; to reach the formal school the surrounding community, students need to take a far route,  Winarno (2017) which reports that most of junior high school students in the same region with this research tend to choose to work instead of attending school due to the influence of family. Primarily, student's family has an economics issues to begin with. In addition, the growth and development of rural areas economic contributes the decision of students to not attend the school. Most of students work as the store clerk or work in the sand mining companies. Moreover, most students also consider that the distance between school and the residence is far. Last but not least, around the community, it is normal and common for teenagers not to attend school and work to earn money. The above-mentioned issues highly influence students to dropout rather than go to school. It is important to be taken into account as an attempt to correct student's perspective.

The Benefit of Marketing Study Program
Based on the research findings, students in the marketing study program admit that they synchronously and systematic, aiming at delivering students to the mastery of certain work abilities, so that they become graduates with relevant abilities as expected.
The marketing study program prepares students for a career in marketing. Industrial work practices provide benefits to students in the form of industrial work certificates. The certificate is preferred when applying for a job as a sales person. In addition, industrial work practice programs make students familiar with the professional aspects of the sales person, it can increase students' confidence in the workplace, because students already know how sales do their when studying all the courses in the marketing study program.

The Impact of Student's Decision in Working
Based on the research findings, the decision taken by students to work can have a bad influence on friends in the surrounding environment. There are some of their friends who had gone to school and then decided to quit and come to work, this finding is in line with the results of Haidar (2016) research of adolescents who work in the batik production sector in Pekalongan City shows that peers are very influential in the formation of adolescent behavior patterns. So, it is natural that a student's decision not to finish school can be imitated by other teenager in the surrounding environment.
Another impact of the choice of informants after droppingout school is a bad stigma to children who drop out of school. They worry if the public will demean those who are only junior high school graduates. They also feel inferior to their friends who have graduated from school. An interesting finding in this study was their discomfort when their decision was followed by their friends. The fear related to the possibility of being imitated was quite reasonable considering that they had once decided to quit because they were imitating other friends. An interesting reason why they are afraid of being followed by their peers is that they have felt that working is more difficult and needs to refrain from the habit of having fun than when they were still in school. According to Jahja (2011)

Conclusion
According to the findings and discussion in this research, primarily students decided to drop out of school and chose to work because they want to independently live and help the economical condition of their family. In addition, the availability of job vacancy on their surrounding environment is expanded. Mainly, the job vacancy is the sector of trading (department store. Also, students feel confidence to apply for the job since they think that they have sufficient experience and knowledge to work. Most students considered that school is less important than going to work; the family and environment also supports this perspective. Moreover, most students also consider that the distance between school and the residence is far. However, they still worry about the stigma of droppedout student. They worry if the public will demean those who are only junior high school graduates. They also feel inferior to their friends who have graduated from school.

Suggestions
The management of educational institution, in this case vocational high school must pay attention the option of the place for students to do internship in order to avoid a negative influence comes from the employee. In addition, it is important to establish a non-formal educational institution around the region to accomodate a non-formal education for droppedout student. Additional education is needed considering that those who actually drop out of school still want a higher level of education.