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Book Review: Shaping a New World: An Orientation to Latin America

justice expressed in competitive and co-operative practices. "Fairness sets the limits on the ways we attempt to achieve ends in social and political activities." The duty of fair play may be essential for understanding of political obligation in a relatively just order, although it alone is not sufficient for decisions about obedience, since other obligations may conflict with it. For civil disobedience to be justified, certain aspects must be considered: the legitimacy of the cause, the means used, the consequences of the action on other people, the expectations or probability of success. Does it really communicate as a symbolic act? Some of the categories applied to civil disobedience are similar to the norms enunciated in the traditional just-war doctrine. C. suggests that the demands of fairness require submission to the law once the law has been violated, although he is quick to add that "this requirement, like that of obedience itself, is not absolute." He sees the resistance of the Berrigans to arrest and punishment as "more symbolic than actual." Civil Disobedience is not a handbook for the practitioner. It does, however, offer a framework for serious analysis of a defined problem area, civil disobedience, in relatively just constitutional democracies. Caesar and God is also a book about the sacred and the secular by a man who has had one foot in each during most of his clerical life. Vekemans, a Belgian-born Jesuit sociologist and theologian, has founded and directed a number of social research and action centers in Latin America. He draws upon men like Rahner, Schillebeeckx, and Metz to weave his own sociopolitical theology. The book is mostly a development of his view of Church and state which leads up to a discussion of the priest and politics in a final, rather brief chapter. According to V., the priest must tread a delicate path in order to engage realistically in the political order while remaining authentic to his priestly vocation. "A priest engaged in politics will never become leaven, nor will the priest who stands aloof from it." Life style is an important factor for the successful integration of both the priestly and the political. The priest must avoid the pitfalls of both clericalism and angelism in order to establish a true solidarity with the human community in all of its aspects, including its political life.