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Oil Constituents of Artemisia nilagirica var. septentrionalis Growing at Different Altitudes

Oils of Artemisia nilagirica var. septentrionalis plants growing at different altitudes in Himachal Pradesh, India were hydrodistilled and analyzed by GC-GC/MS. The major constituents of the oil show variation with changes in altitude. At lower, middle and higher altitudes, the major constituents of the oil were caryophyllene oxide (28.6%), borneol (35.8%) and camphor (46.9%), respectively. The percentages of α-humulene and trans-β-guaiene also increased, but the percentage of sabinene, trans-sabinene hydrate, 4-terpineol, caryophyllene oxide and humulene epoxide-II decreased with an increase in altitude. The characteristic compounds observed in the plants from lower altitudes were 2-hexene-1-ol, β-thujone, thujanol, myrtenol and linalyl acetate, while the higher altitude plants were characterized by the presence of α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, linalool, γ-gurijunene, germacrene-D and farnesol.