{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03682008368200837, 'fraction_numerical': 0.03682008368200837, 'mean_word_length': 4.9502487562189055, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
High‐resolution diffusion and relaxation‐edited magic angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy of intact liver tissue

High‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy is ideal for monitoring the metabolic environment within tissues, particularly when spectra are weighted by physical properties such as T1 and T2 relaxation times and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). In this study, spectral‐editing using T1 and T2 relaxation times and ADCs at variable diffusion times was used in conjunction with HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy at 14.1 T in liver tissue. To enhance the sensitivity of ADC measurements to low molecular weight metabolites a T2 spin echo was included in a standard stimulated gradient spin‐echo sequence. Fatty liver induced in rats by chronic orotic acid feeding was investigated using this modified sequence. An increase in the combined ADC for the co‐resonant peaks glucose, betaine, and TMAO during fatty liver disease was detected (ADCs = 0.60 ± 0.11 and 0.35 ± 0.1 * 10−9 m2s−1 (n = 3) for rats fed with and without orotic acid), indicative of a reduction in glucose and betaine and an increase in TMAO. Magn Reson Med 50:925–930, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.