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What Is the Role of 2-Pore Domain Potassium Channels (K2P) in Pain?

Nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal neurons express a large numbers of ion channels that determine their threshold and responses to both noxious and innocuous stimuli.1 Several voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav),2 voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels,3 transient receptor potential (TRP) channels,4 and other cation channels increase nociceptor responsiveness, whereas a variety of potassium (K+) channels prevent spontaneous nociceptor activity and reduce their firing probability.5-9 The imbalance between these 2 opposing influences, which may occur as a consequence of channel gene sequence variants,10 effect of inflammatory mediators,11 or transcriptional dysregulation,12,13 promotes neuropathic pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia.14 Given their importance in pain modulation, voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv) and 2-pore domain K+ channels (K2P) are potential targets for designing novel analgesic compounds.6,14-17 This review will focus on K2P channels, which are multimodal sensors that may have an important role in several pain disorders, including neuropathic pain and migraine6,15-20