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Spatio-temporal patterns of crop signals: is UAV-based multispectral imagery a suitable tool to detect soil compaction at field scale?

Soil compaction due to heavy machinery is one of the major soil degradation threats in modern agriculture. Field traffic under unfavorable weather conditions can increase bulk density and penetration resistance, reduce soil hydraulic conductivity and plant growth. An increased surface runoff caused by a decreasing infiltration further grows the effects of nutrient leaching and the eutrophication of adjacent water bodies. For soil compaction prevention, it is necessary to know where soil compaction occurs. The detection of this issue is, however, cost, time and labor intensive.