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Mobility, Mixing, and Neighborhood Change: A British Perspective

The articles in this symposium highlight three important areas of inquiry related to residential mobility—what constitutes mobility, the processes of mobility, and the effects of mobility on different groups and locations. In each of these areas, the challenge of understanding becomes more difficult as research reveals the complexity of the underlying processes. Further, our consideration of these challenges helps to identify the integral link between residential mobility studies and research on neighborhood effects (Hedman and van Ham, 2012). The first area of inquiry is about what constitutes mobility. This area may seem straightforward but is complicated by two dimensions additional to that of the household move. First, the composition of the household may change before, during, or after a move, so saying who has moved and who has not is not simple. Allied with this factor is the reality that households may retain close connections to their previous neighborhood after a move, so that the key factors of neighborhood exposure or dosage (Galster, 2012) and place attachment, both functional and psychological (Bailey, Livingston, and Kearns, 2012), are difficult to describe or measure in investigations of neighborhood effects. The second area of inquiry concerns the increasing research interest, in both the United States and Europe, in the processes of mobility: How do households arrive at decisions to move? How do households make choices about when and where to go, with or without the help of others? How do counseling and support services provided to poorer households, both before and after a move, influence the human, social, and economic outcomes. The psychological dimensions to these processes—particularly the interactions between variations in personality, underlying individual values, experiences during mobility, and cognitive processes related to an understanding of the move and its likely consequences—are currently underresearched. People are much more complex and dynamic than our usual means of describing them. We are only beginning to appreciate that residents’ attitudes to the restructuring of their old neighborhoods affect their views about their own relocation; for example, “Was it worth it? Will regeneration be fully accomplished?” The third area of inquiry examines the research agenda in relation to the effects and outcomes of residential mobility, which has broadened to include both disadvantaged and more advantaged groups; both movers and nonmovers; both origin and destination neighborhoods; and both