{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.037247474747474744, 'fraction_numerical': 0.023989898989898988, 'mean_word_length': 4.958646616541353, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Two patterns of clinical recovery in Guillain-Barré syndrome with IgG anti-GM1 antibody

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of anti-GM1 antibody. Background: Whether anti-GM1 antibody is a marker of poor prognosis due to axonal degeneration in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a matter of controversy. Methods: The clinical recovery of 41 consecutive GBS patients was analyzed. Results: The Hughes functional grading scores were similar at the peak, and 1, 3, and 6 months after onset for the groups of patients with (n = 19) and without (n = 22) immunoglobulin (Ig) G anti-GM1 antibodies. However, the anti-GM1-positive group included significantly higher proportions of patients with poor recovery (inability to walk independently at 6 months, 5 of 19 versus 0 of 22; p = 0.01) and those with a markedly rapid recovery (improvement by two or more Hughes grades within a month, 9 of 19 versus 4 of 22; p = 0.05). The positivity of IgG anti-GM1 antibody correlated well with the electrodiagnosis of the acute motor axonal neuropathy pattern but was not always associated with poor prognosis. Anti-GM1-positive patients showed two different patterns of clinical recovery-their conditions improved slower or faster than those of the anti-GM1-negative patients, most of whom had acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Conclusions: Anti-GM1 antibody is not always a marker of poor prognosis and, besides axonal degeneration, early reversible effects other than demyelination could be part of the pathophysiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome with IgG anti-GM1 antibody.