{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.026018099547511313, 'fraction_numerical': 0.019230769230769232, 'mean_word_length': 5.409420289855072, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Formation of Nanocomposite Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes by Preferential Clustering of Cations from a Single Polymeric Precursor.

Conventional composite cathodes used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are fabricated by co-sintering of electrocatalyst and ionic conductor powders at 1100-1250 °C. The relatively high heat treatment temperatures required to ensure bonding among the powders and between the powders and electrolyte results in the formation of resistive phases and coarse microstructures corresponding to short triple phase boundary (TPB) length and consequently, low oxygen reduction activity. In the present work, to achieve long TPBs and avoid resistive phase formation, we propose to fabricate nanocomposite La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 - Ce0.8Sm0.2O2 (LSM-SDC) and La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 - Ce0.8Sm0.2O2 (LCM-SDC) thin film cathodes by a low-temperature method, which involves the use of a single polymeric precursor solution containing all the respective cations. Owing to the molecular level mixing and the liquid lack of any powder-based starting material, we envision that preferential clustering of cations forming nanoscale electrocatalyst and ionic conductor particles will take place upon heat treatment at relatively low temperatures of 600-800 °C. Here, we report for the first time in the literature, a correlation between the heat treatment temperature - phase evolution - cluster formation - surface chemistry evolution and electrochemical activity of nanocomposite thin film cathodes fabricated from a single polymeric precursor. Our experiments reveal that highest electrochemical activity is achieved when the electrocatalyst phase is poorly crystallized, complete clustering of cations takes place and A-site dopant segregation at the surface is minimal.