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Internal spin-orbit coupling and electron exchange in the excitation of np5(n + 1)p states of neon, krypton and xenon atoms by polarized electrons

Excitation of np5(n + 1)p states by polarized electrons has been studied for target atoms of neon, krypton and xenon. The integrated state multipoles have been determined from the measurement of the integrated Stokes parameters of the corresponding decay photons from the excited states of np5(n + 1)p[5/2]3, np5(n + 1)p'[3/2]2 and np5(n + 1)p'[3/2]1 (n = 3, 5 and 6 for Ne, Kr and Xe, respectively) within 2.5 eV of threshold. It is found that the combined effects of electron exchange with the internal spin-orbit interaction play a significant role in the excitations of the above J = 2 and 1 states. Negative angular momentum transfer is observed in the excitation of these J = 2 and 1 states of Kr and Xe atoms, and it is attributed to internal spin-orbit interactions. Pure electron exchange is the mechanism for the excitation of all the J = 3 LS-coupled states, since they show no experimental evidence of spin-orbit interaction. Although the general behaviour of the deduced state multipoles is in agreement with predictions from semi-relativistic R-matrix (close-coupling) calculations, there remain differences of detail that are most notable for the T(J)20 multipole of the J = 1 states of all of these atoms.