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Implications from cochlear implant insertion for cochlear mechanics

It is usually thought that the displacements of the two inner ear windows induced by sound stimuli lead to pressure differences across the basilar membrane and to a passive mechanical traveling wave progressing along the membrane. However, opening a hole in the sealed inner ear wall in experimental animals is surprisingly not accompanied by auditory threshold elevations. It has also been shown that even in patients undergoing cochlear implantation, elevation of threshold to low-frequency acoustic stimulation is often not seen accompanying the making of a hole in the wall of the cochlea for insertion of the implant. Such threshold elevations would be expected to result from opening the cochlea, reducing cochlear impedance, altering hydrodynamics. These considerations can be taken as additional evidence that it may not be the passive basilar membrane traveling wave which elicits hearing at low sound intensities, but rather factors connected with cochlear fluid pressures and fluid mechanics.