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Study of active substances involved in skin dysfunction induced by crowding stress. I. Effect of crowding and isolation on some physiological variables, skin function and skin blood perfusion in hairless mice.

The effects of five levels of population density on various organs, the neuroendocrine system, skin function, skin blood perfusion, and blood parameters were studied in the hairless mouse. Skin barrier recovery was evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss after tape stripping. Blood perfusion was measured by means of a laser Doppler imaging technique. The effect of a parasympathetic nerve stimulator, carpronium chloride, on skin function in the crowded animal model was also examined. A 7 d crowding (10, 15, 20 mice/cage) significantly increased the levels of corticosterone, catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine), glucose and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in circulating blood, induced atrophy of kidney, ovary and thymus and hypertrophy of adrenal glands, and decreased body weight gain in comparison with the control (5 mice/cage). Crowding also increased epidermal thickness and epidermal proliferative activity, and decreased corneocyte size, rate of barrier recovery and skin blood perfusion. Most of these changes became more marked with increasing population density and/or longer exposure to a crowded environment. Isolation (1 mouse/cage) increased the level of norepinephrine and rate of skin blood perfusion, and significantly delayed barrier recovery. Repeated topical applications of carpronium chloride for 7 d improved the changes in skin blood perfusion, barrier recovery, kidney and ovary, and epidermal morphology induced by crowding. The crowded animal model could be useful for quantifying objectively the influence of crowded environment-induced stress on cutaneous function and blood perfusion.