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Extended Discriminative Spatial Pyramid

In this paper, we introduce a novel model for embedding image spatial information into a feature vector based on an extension of spatial pyramid model (SPM). Our novel model considers the spatial distributions of both visual words and visual word combinations, extending the original SPM with a new explanation. The popular combination "spatial pyramid + max pooling + linear SVMs" for image classification and some existing works can be seen as simple implementations of our novel model, and we propose another one for better illustration. Three simple implementations are contrastively analyzedon Caltech 101, 15 Scenes and UIUC-Sports datasets, and our proposed one slightly outperforms the others.