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Enhanced light extraction of C-band on-chip LED by photonic crystals for arrayed waveguide grating demodulation integrated microsystems

The main disadvantage of using a light-emitting diode (LEDs) as the on-chip light source for arrayed waveguide grating demodulation integrated microsystems is its low light extraction efficiency. Using photonic crystals (PCs) is an efficient method to increase the extraction efficiency of LEDs. This paper calculated the band structure of two-dimensional (2D) PCs with different arrangements and ratios using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the best structural parameters of 2D PCs were determined using the band gap theory. Furthermore, a FDTD simulation system was established, and the energy flow of the surface of LED was calculated to verify the effect of PCs on the light extraction efficiency of C-band LEDs. Results show that the best structure is an air hole PC with a triangular arrangement having a lattice constant of 500 nm and a ratio of 0.44. This model increased the light extraction efficiency of C-band LEDs by 1.77 times.