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Distribution of carbon emission rights in China based on equity perspective

: In the international carbon game, there are more than 10 kinds of main distribution principles of carbon emission rights. Different distribution principles lead to different results, and the preference or aversion of different principles vary greatly from region to region. In order to seek consensus on emission reduction and allocation, it is necessary to establish a fair allocation scheme. This study first calculated the global emission space and China ’ s total quotas based on the global carbon concentration changes in 2017, and then allocated the quotas for different regions in the country under five individual allocation principles, namely per capital principle, equal output principle, equal space principle, historical emission principle, and regional carbon sequestration principle. Relative deprivation coefficient was calculated using the allocation data of each region under these five individual principles, and weights were derived based on relative deprivation coefficients. Finally, the allocation of multi- principle comprehensive weighted scheme was performed. From the analysis of emission quotas in 2017, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) The historical emission principle is the most beneficial to China in acquisition of emission quotas, while the per capital principle can demonstrate fairness of equitable regional allocation. (2) Results obtained from the multi-principle comprehensive weighted allocation scheme show that the three areas with highest quota are Shandong, Jiangsu, and Guangdong provinces, whereas the three areas with lowest quota are Hainan Province, Ningxia Autonomous Region, and Gansu Province. The total amount of national carbon emission rights collected by the provincial quotas is 6.034 billion ton, which is billions of difference from the actual emission at present and is in line with China's international responsibility for emission reduction. (3) the weighted allocation scheme based on the individual feeling fairness principle has good operability, robustness and compatibility. The main suggestions are as follows: carbon emission right quota a scientific and reasonable formulation of the total amount of national allocation, so that regions and enterprises form a stable quota expectation. To effectively design the scheme of carbon emission allocation principles, we need to take into account fairness and operability, and regional responsibility sharing for emission reduction should not be “ one-size-fits-all ” .