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Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Although its incidence in the Western world is decreasing, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC) remains a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Recent analyses have identified a number of unique characteristics that differentiate ESCC from esophageal adenocarcinoma at the etiologic, genomic, and epigenetic levels. A thorough diagnostic and staging work-up includes endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, and axial imaging. Applicable therapeutic modalities include definitive endoscopic therapies, resection alone, trimodality therapy, definitive chemoradiation, systemic therapy, and palliative treatment options. Given the complexity of this disease and its management, careful consideration in a multidisciplinary setting is warranted to appropriately individualize therapeutic options.

This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables, and 51 references.
Key Words: squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal diseases, esophageal cancer, esophageal neoplasms, gastroesophageal junction, Tylosis, bimodality therapy, trimodality therapy, endoscopic therapy