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New Europeans, New Identities - Reflections on Europe’s Dilemma

This paper examines issues relating to the integration of immigrants, particularly Muslim 
immigrants, into European societies. It first contemplates whether a true European identity 
really exists. Building on the different conceptions of (European) identity, the paper claims 
that a sense of belonging is crucial in helping immigrants integrate into Europe. The paper 
also argues that identity is, actually, most relevant when it is under threat. The paper 
therefore looks at the nature of Muslim society in Europe and some of the reasons for 
disaffection in that population. While doing this, the paper compares the various models of 
integration in, for example, the United States, Canada and Israel with the attempt by a 
number of EU Member States to find satisfactory integration strategies. Also, the efforts of 
the European Commission to forge an acceptable integration framework through the 
principles elaborated following the Hague declaration in November 2004 are discussed. The 
paper concludes that integration is best approached by creating cohesive communities and 
loyalties at the local level.