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Ceramic membranes originated from cost effective and abundant natural minerals and industrial wastes for broad applications - a review

The wide application of ceramic membranes in nowadays can be rationalized by their intrinsic properties, notably in terms of thermal and chemical stability and high mechanical strength. Compared to the conventional metal oxide materials, this article summarized comprehensively the natural minerals and industrial wastes, which are in abundance and need lower firing temperature, for the ceramic membrane fabrication as the raw materials. These cost-effective ceramic membranes prepared from clay, silty marls, kaolin, zeolite, bauxite, quartz sands, bentonite, cordierite, apatite, perovskite, coal fly ash, coal gangue, blast furnace slag, rice husk ash, pozzolan, etc. have emphasized the remarkable cost reduction and been broadly applicable to a variety of fields like removal of solid, dye, ion, heavy metal, oily wastewater treatment, juice clarification, seawater desalination, sterilization, hydrogen separation, oxygen permeation, CO2 adsorption and separation, membrane catalysis, etc. The cost of these natural minerals and industrial wastes based ceramic membrane was estimated several times cheaper than the conventional oxide ceramic membrane. This review encouraged a more economically viable and environmentally sustainable strategy, not only giving a new and facile insight for waste management but also endow a possibility of high-valued recycling.