{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02526315789473684, 'fraction_numerical': 0.023157894736842106, 'mean_word_length': 4.796747967479675, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
MicroRNA‑34a inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by targeting E2F5.

PURPOSE
Previous studies have explored the role of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and E2F transcription family in several tumors, however, the expression level and oncogenesis mechanism of these two factors in esophageal squamous cancer cells (ESCC) remains unclear. Our study aims to explore the inhibitory effect of miR-34a in ESCC as well as its downstream factor E2F5.


METHODS
We explored the relevant expression level of miR-34a in human tumor tissue as well as in several ESCC cell lines. Through RNA mimic and inhibitor, we examined the specific role of miR-34a in the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of tumor cells, and we further explored the role of downstream factor E2F5 through gain- and loss-of-function analyses.


RESULTS
We found that the expression level of miR-34a is significantly downregulated in ESCC tissues as well as in ESCC cell lines, and miR-34a plays an inhibitory role in tumor cell proliferation and migration while it promotes tumor cell apoptosis. We further showed that E2F5 is a direct functional target of miR-34a, as it promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that the intrinsic expression of miR-34a was relatively low in ESCC. The anti-tumor effect of miR-34a is possibly dependent on the regulation of cell-cycle regulator E2F5.