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Daily hormonal changes in the maternal, fetal, and amniotic fluid compartments before parturition in a primate species.

The daily hormonal fluctuations that occur simultaneously in the fetus, mother, and amniotic fluid during late gestation and before preterm parturition were studied in long term catheterized rhesus macaques. Blood and amniotic fluid samples were collected twice daily and analyzed by RIA for estrone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), progesterone, cortisol, and prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite (PGFM). Vaginal delivery in monkeys with live fetuses was preceded by rising concentrations of DHEAS in fetal, but not maternal, blood. Parallel increases in fetal plasma estrone, maternal plasma estrone and estradiol, and amniotic fluid estrone preceded the rise in amniotic fluid PGFM (P less than 0.005, by analysis of variance). Cortisol levels remained stable in maternal blood and amniotic fluid, but increased before delivery in fetal blood. Nocturnal progesterone peaks in both fetal and maternal blood increased progressively in magnitude in fetuses before parturition. Rising concentrations of fetal DHEAS, estrone, and progesterone indicated an increase in adrenal activity before parturition in the rhesus fetus. PG production, reflected in amniotic fluid PGFM concentrations, was temporally related to increasing amniotic fluid concentrations of estrone. Although progesterone withdrawal may occur at a local tissue level, parturition occurred without an apparent decrease in circulating maternal, circulating fetal, or amniotic fluid progesterone concentrations.