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Real-time monitoring of singlet oxygen in photodynamic therapy with chemiluminescence

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer therapy most of which using light excites sensitizer mainly to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) to kill tumor cells by oxidation reaction. Monitoring the singlet oxygen production is an important task for getting more useful dosage information in photodynamic therapy to enhance the effect. In order to monitor singlet oxygen in PDT, the Chemiluminescence (CL) probe, which could react with singlet oxygen and emit photons, was selected and employed on mice to produce CL. The CL was collected and recorded by a single photon detection system in real time. The results showed that the signal intensity was high and indicated that the chemiluminescence could measure singlet oxygen in vivo sensitively. And during photodynamic therapy the CL signal dropped gradually. Different therapy dosages had different decay life. Any of the decay had two different parts: the rapid component and the slow component. During PDT, reactive oxygen would oxidize biomolecules of tissue, and oxygen was consumed. It would cause a rapid component; by combining with chemiluminescence and fluorescence detection technique, the first-order elimination coefficient of tissue was proved to be degressive during PDT. We deduced that the damaged vascular in PDT would provide littler oxygen and tissue hypoxia was more severely. It may quicken CL decay and caused the slow component. In conclusion, the results proved that monitoring 1O2 by CL could give useful information not only to evaluate the effect of PDT but also to judge the tissue oxygen depletion.