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History and Evolution of Anthropological Genetics

“Anthropological genetics is a synthetic discipline that applies the methods and theories of genetics to evolutionary questions posed by anthropologists” (Crawford 2007a, p. 1). These questions involve the processes of human evolu­ tion, reconstruction of the human diaspora (e.g. out‐of‐Africa migrations), causes and patterns of human variation, and biocultural interactions in complex, multi­ factorial traits and diseases such as coronary and vascular disease, autoimmune conditions, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and biological aging. Anthropological genetics not only shares with the field of human genetics traditional methods of analyses but also adds methods of field investigation in small, non‐Western popu­ lations with limited numbers of founders. A contrast of the methodologies employed in human genetics versus anthropological genetics is contained in Table 1.1 (updated from Crawford 2000b). History and Evolution of Anthropological Genetics