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EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE ANALYSIS ALLOWS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF INVASIVE IPMN.

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Advances in cross-sectional imaging have resulted in increased detection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and their management remains controversial. At present, there is no reliable non-invasive method to distinguish between indolent and high risk IPMNs. We performed extracellular vesicle (EV) analysis to identify markers of malignancy in an attempt to better stratify these lesions.


METHODS
Using a novel ultrasensitive digital extracellular vesicle screening technique (DEST) we measured putative biomarkers of malignancy (MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6, Das-1, STMN1, TSP1, TSP2, EGFR, EpCAM, GPC1, WNT-2, EphA2, S100A4, PSCA, MUC13, ZEB1, PLEC1, HOOK1, PTPN6, and FBN1) in EV from patient-derived cell lines and then on circulating EV obtained from peripheral blood drawn from patients with IPMNs. We enrolled a total of 133 patients in two separate cohorts: a clinical discovery cohort (n=86) and a validation cohort (n=47).


RESULTS
From 16 validated EV proteins in plasma samples collected from the discovery cohort, only MUC5AC showed significantly higher levels in high grade lesions. Of the 11 patients with invasive IPMN (inv/HG), 9 had high MUC5AC expression in plasma EV and of the 11 patients with high grade dysplasia alone, only 1 had high MUC5AC expression (specificity of 82%, sensitivity of 100%). These findings were corroborated in a separate validation cohort. The addition of MUC5AC as a biomarker to imaging and high risk stigmata allowed detection of all cases requiring surgery, whereas imaging and high risk stigmata alone would have missed 5/14 cases (36%).


CONCLUSIONS
MUC5AC in circulating EV can predict the presence of invasive carcinoma within IPMN. This approach has the potential to improve the management and follow-up of patients with IPMN including avoiding unnecessary surgery.