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Biological Repair of Knee Injuries in Soccer Players

Biology and tissue engineering jointly help in the diagnosis and treatment of several pathologies. Understanding tissue repair which occurs through a complex cascade of biological processes in which cytokines and growth factors are involved locally. The use of biology is of vital importance to decrease repair-recovery time. Within biological therapies are growth factors. There are recombinant factors or autologous growth factors. There are investigations in several medical specialities such as maxillofacial, plastic surgery, orthopedics, and sports medicine; the research is at basic level, animal studies and human clinical application. The therapeutic potential of platelets in promoting and accelerating wound healing and tissue repair is being discovered and explored. There are several growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, endothelial cell growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I and IGF-II). The relation between growth factors and IGF-I will be explained. The study shows different growth factor clinical application options. The application could be in tendons, cruciate ligaments, medial collateral ligaments, cartilage injuries, muscle injuries, and fractures. It seems that the use of growth factors in surgical procedures give rapid wound healing, facilitating healing and repairing.