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Canada's Communications Security Establishment from Cold War to Globalization

and costliest intelligence organization and the main provider of foreign intelligence to the Canadian government. It is, arguably, also the most secretive component of the Government of Canada. For decades the very existence of CSE was unconfirmed, it has no statutory mandate, and virtually all details of its resources, objectives and operations are still shrouded in official secrecy. What is known is that CSE collects, analyses and reports on signals intelligence (referred to as Sigint) derived from interceptions of foreign electronic communications, radio, radar, telemetry, and other electromagnetic emissions. In fulfilment of these foreign intelligence functions, CSE participates in international collaboration and exchanges as part of a special Sigint sharing arrangement with the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. CSE is also responsible for providing technical advice and guidance for protecting Canadian government communications and electronic data security. CSE is a civilian agency of Canada’s Department of National Defence (DND). Ministerial responsibility for CSE is vested in the Minister of National Defence, however in a unique bifurcation of executive authority, administrative and operational controls are divided between DND and the Privy Council Office (PCO), the federal government’s central agency, headed by the Prime Minister. Administrative and financial matters are under the control of DND, through the Deputy Minister of National Defence, its most senior official, whereas policy and operational controls over CSE are exercised by the Deputy Secretary, Security and Intelligence in PCO. At the policy level, the direction and co-ordination of Canada’s intelligence effort involves a complex web of PCO secretariats and inter-departmental committees. 4