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Circadian and Homeostatic Sleep Regulation : Measuring Clock-Homeostat Interactions

Sleep is regulated by homeostatic and circadian processes [1]. In mammals, homeostatic sleep pressure is reflected by electroencephalogram (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA, EEG power density between ~1 and 4 Hz) in undisturbed non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In all mammalian species investigated until now, not only the amount of sleep, but also SWA in NREM sleep increases after sleep deprivation. In several species a dose-response relationship between waking duration and subsequent SWA has been established and in humans taking an afternoon nap a predictable decrease in the nocturnal NREM sleep SWA was observed. Mathematical models predicting this phenomenon have been successfully applied in humans, rats and mice [2,3].