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Operational feasibility and efficacy of deltamethrin impregnated hessian curtains in comparison to HCH indoor residual spraying to control malaria in selected villages of District Ghaziabad (U.P.), India.

A study was carried out in selected villages of District Ghaziabad to evaluate the operational feasibility and efficacy of hessian curtains impregnated with deltamethrin@100 mg/m2 in comparison to indoor residual spraying of HCH@0.2 g/m2. The impregnation was carried out before onset of transmission and observations were continued up to two transmission periods. District Health Authorities have carried out HCH indoor residual spraying (IRS) as per schedule in the control village. Entomological evaluation revealed 87 per cent reduction of An. culicifacies up to six months in comparison to HCH indoor residual spraying. However, the reduction in densities of total mosquitoes was only 61.6 per cent. Follow-up studies revealed that the impact of deltamethrin impregnated curtains was diluted after 6-7 months. The results of bioassay tests revealed 100 per cent mortality up to 6-7 months. Epidemiological evaluation revealed 81.9 per cent reduction in total malaria cases as against 88.5 per cent with P. falciparum cases. Similar reduction was also observed when slide positivity rate (SPR), slide falciparum rate (SfR), cases/000 and Pf/000 were compared to corresponding village. Pilot studies are indicated to evaluate the relative efficacy of impregnated curtains, which is quite cheaper than conventional residual insecticide spraying (IRS).