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Context Availability , Contextual Constraint and Abstractness

A constraint-based theory of abstractness was investigated according to which abstractness of entities is a function of (i) perceptual observability and (ii) characteristics of contextual constraints. Participants performed ratings of context availability, imagery, and abstractness for 36 nouns that varied in abstractness and familiarity. The ratings were used to compare the predictions of abstractness ratings by context availability, dual coding theory and the constraint-based approach outlined in this paper. We found that only constraints explain variation of perceived abstractness for abstract concepts, whereas context availability and imagery are good predictors of the dichotomous distinction of concrete-abstract, and of variations of concreteness for concrete concepts only. A second study shows that introspection-based constraints are most critical for abstractness ratings. Implications are discussed.