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The Role of Retinal Plasticity in the Formation of Irreversible Retinal Deformations in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract Purpose To construct a realistic physical model of viscoelastic retinal stretching and, on its basis, derive a universal quantitative criterion of irreversible retinal deformations during age-related macular degeneration. Methods In this work, standard methods of nonlinear fracture mechanics of ductile and viscoelastic materials were applied to study the evolution of retinal deformation progress in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the area of large druses or subretinal or sub-retinal pigment epithelium fluid accumulation. A two-dimensional rhombic model of viscoelastic Kelvin-Feucht primitives was used to reconstruct the parameters included in the approximation of the creep strain growth rate. A clinical case of a patient with age-related macular degeneration and retinal pigment epithelium detachment in the macula was taken as a basis for theoretical research. The patient underwent retinal optical coherent tomography on DRI Swept-Source OCT. Results A closed realistic theoretical model of retinal stretching in the projection of retinal pigment epithelium elevation due to its detachment or drusen based on a two-dimensional rhombic Kelvin-Feucht primitives model was constructed. The calculation of stress in the retinal tissue with consistent consideration of creep effects was performed. Conclusions The time of critical retinal loading – a new quantitative criterion for the irreversibility of retinal stretching in age-related macular degeneration is proposed. This criterion allows the prediction of the functional outcome of antiangiogenic therapy in patients with age-related macular degeneration with identical initial retinal morphometric parameters.