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Dynamic 3D particle position control in generalized phase contrast-based optical trap arrays

Optical elevators are constructed from counter-propagating coaxial beams with orthogonal linear polarizations, the strengths of which are controlled by a spatial polarization modulator. Each of these optical potential wells draws a dielectric particle towards the optical axis where it finds a stable transverse position. Adjustment of the relative strengths of the counteracting scattering forces induced by the opposing beams enables control over the axial trap position of the particle within the confines of the optical elevator. We have devised a power-preserving scheme using a spatial polarization modulator to vary the intensity ratio of the two polarization states. The proposed method has the potential of extending the dynamic range in axial positioning of optically trapped particles surpassing the range offered by other techniques.