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Effect of Apple Cultivar on Foraging Behavior and Pollen Transfer by Honey Bees1


The flower structure of the ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh) differs from that of most apple cultivars by having gaps at the base of stamens. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) learn to collect nectar through these gaps and avoid the flowers’ sexual parts; consequently, visits to ‘Delicious’ are less than half as effective in pollination as are visits to other cultivars.