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Explaining HLA Immunodominance in Vaccine-Induced T-Cell Responses to HIV-1

The development of an effective HIV vaccine has been hampered by difficulties in inducing a protective antibody response. This has shifted the focus of vaccine development to a T-cell based vaccine, but the failure of adenovirus-based HIV T-cell vaccines to prevent transmission or decrease viral load (STEP study) was also a setback for T-cell based vaccines. The T-cell response that will be elicited by a vaccine is difficult to predict because of immunodominance, which directs most CD8 T-cells towards only a few viral components. Researchers from the lab of Dr. Helen Horton, an affiliate investigator of the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, VIDD co-director Dr. Julie McElrath, and lead author David Friedrich from the McElrath lab, investigated some of the complex factors that govern immunodominance, and therefore vaccine responses.