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Evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical management in local purulent-septic complications of acute pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE
Introduction: In the past decades, mortality in acute pancreatitis ranges from 3% to 15 % and depends mainly on the severity of the diseases, which is characterized by the development of necrotic processes in the pancreas and systemic complications. Notwithstanding the numerous studies on severe forms of acute pancreatitis, no significant improvement of treatment outcomes of this category of patients is observed. The integrated diagnosis and treatment of this pathology, prognosis and prevention of purulentseptic complications are relevant to date. The aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical management depending on the nature and incidence of local purulent-septic complications of acute pancreatitis.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: We have analyzed the treatment outcomes of 422 patients with acute pancreatitis who were treated in the Surgical Unit at Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital in the period from 2010 to 2015. All patients were admitted to hospital following 1-7 days after infection. 315 (74.6 %) of them were diagnosed with mild acute pancreatitis; patients received conservative treatment and were discharged from the hospital within 7-10 days. Moderate and severe pancreatitis with the development of local parapancreatic complications were diagnosed in 107 patients (25, 4%) (men=67 (62.6%); women=40 (37, 4%)). Age of patients ranged from 22 to 81 years (47, 9±1.5 years). The severity of the disease was determined according to BISAP score, the presence of multiple organ failure was confirmed by the Modified Marshall Score (2012 modification) Patients were examined in compliance with the requirements of the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No 297 as of 02 April, 2010.


RESULTS
Review and conclusions: Moderate acute pancreatitis is characterized by localization of purulent-septic complications in 1-2 anatomical areas with fluid component mainly. Severe acute pancreatitis is characterized by the localization of purulent-septic complications in 2 or more anatomical areas with tissue component mainly. The efficacy of aspiration-and-drainage interventions depended on the proliferation of fluid accumulations in 1-2 anatomical areas and presence of fluid component mainly. Primarily, open necrsequestrotomy is the most appropriate surgery to be performed in patients with mainly tissue component in the fluid aggregations and the prevalence of local parapancreatic complications in more than two anatomic areas.