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Reproductive phenology of sympatric hermit crabs in temperate Japan

Reproductive phenology among temperate hermit crabs, reproductive seasons of nine sympatric species and some reproductive characteristics of four Pagurus species were investigated in Tosa Bay, southern Shikoku, Japan. Females of P. filholi, P. maculosus, P. minutus and P. nigrivittatus had clutches mainly in winter and were found to breed multiple clutches within each reproductive season while four Diogenidae species and P. japonicus mainly reproduced in summer, suggesting that interspecific variation in reproductive phenology of temperate hermit crabs might be determined by allopatric adaptation with phylogenic constraints. There was interspecific variation in the length of reproductive seasons among the four Pagurus species and the variation was considered to reflect the interspecific difference in the number of clutches per reproductive season, not in the ovigerous period per clutch. The length of reproductive seasons among the four species seemed to relate to maturity size and/or interspecific differences in thermal adaptation.