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A Combined Model of Congestion Toll Pricing Based on System Optimization with Minimum Toll

Preventing the congestion is one of the main concerns of traffic managers and urban planners around the world. In response to this matter in transportation sector, planners have suggested toll pricing policies. This paper presents a combined optimization model as a new method to estimate the potential combination of travel time, and congestion toll that is implemented in a nine-node transportation network or Hearn network. This approach works as an urban travel demand management (UTDM) policy that imposes the cost of travel to travelers by calculating the marginal cost (MC), but the introduced model is optimized by minimizing the combination of travel time as an example of average cost (AC) and congestion toll as an example of MC simultaneously. Results show the total amount of flow is increased to 344,183 and the total amount of MC is decreased to 534,522 in comparison with the previous models.