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Modelling of automatic voltage regulators of transformers and HVDC-droop-control in MATPOWER

The massive installation of volatile renewables, decommissioning of conventional power plants as well as large-scale electricity trading create large and unprecedented power transits in Europe's transmission system. To determine the mandatory and cost-effective grid enhancements, extensive power flow studies are necessary. Proprietary software for power flow calculation is available, but automation is difficult and source code access is mostly restricted. Here, MATPOWER provides an open-source solution but lacks models for automatic voltage regulators (AVR) of transformers and advanced modelling of HVDC-connections. To overcome this barrier modelling approaches for AVR of transformers and HVDC-droop-control of HVDC-connections, specified for MATPOWER, are presented. The extensions are illustrated with a simple test grid and results for a Central Europe transmission system model, based on a 2025 scenario including HVDC-connections, are shown.