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Operative Choledochoscopy: Technique and Indications

Operative choledochoscopy is the visual examination of the interior of the bile ducts during operation. It is used very little in the United Kingdom at present, but interest in choledochoscopy has been increasing recently. In this communication, the use of the fibreoptic choledochoscope and the technique of operative choledochoscopy will be described. The value of this examination will be assessed in various circumstances and an attempt made to define the indications for choledocho-