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REVOLUTION BEGINS AT HOME? THE LIFE OF THE FIRST SOVIET FAMILY

Abstract The revolution of October I9I7 in Russia was meant to signal the full emancipation of women and the transformation of the family. There have already been numerous studies about the theory of the Bolsheviks and assessments of how closely their theoretical ideals matched the lived reality in the Soviet Union. This article takes a different approach and concentrates on the attitudes and experiences of Lenin’s family, assessing the extent to which the October revolution and the reforms which followed changed the lives of the Ul’ianov women, Nadezhda Krupskaia and Lenin’s sisters, Anna and Mariia. The experience of the Ul’ianov family reveals clearly the tensions that continued to exist long after the revolution between the ideal, new form of equal gender relations and the pre- I9I7 model in which the legal system, family life and the workplace privileged men over women. The portrayal of Ul’ianov family life in Soviet and Western texts is also discussed, highlighting the influence of Soviet ideology.