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Hypertension in Response to Autoantibodies to the Angiotensin II Type I Receptor (AT1-AA) in Pregnant Rats: Role of Endothelin-1

Agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1-AA) and endothelin -1 (ET-1) are suggested to be important links between placental ischemia and hypertension during preeclampsia. Activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) increases endothelial cell production of ET-1; however, the importance of ET-1 in response to AT1-AA–mediated AT1 R activation during preeclampsia is unknown. Furthermore, the role of AT1-AA–mediated increases in blood pressure during pregnancy remains unclear. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that AT1-AA, increased to levels observed in preeclamptic women and placental ischemic rats, increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) by activation of the ET-1 system. Chronic infusion of purified rat AT1-AA into normal pregnant (NP) rats for 7 days increased AT1-AA from 0.68±0.5 to 10.88±1.1 chronotropic units (P<0.001). The increased AT1-AA increased MAP from 99±1 to 119±2 mm Hg (P<0.001). The hypertension was associated with significant increases in renal cortices (11-fold) and placental (4-fold) ET-1. To determine whether ET-1 mediates AT1-AA–induced hypertension, pregnant rats infused with AT1-AA and NP rats were treated with an ETA receptor antagonist. MAP was 100±1 mm Hg in AT1-AA+ETA antagonist-treated rats versus 98±2 mm Hg in ETA antagonist-treated rats. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that one potential pathway whereby AT1-AAs increase blood pressure during pregnancy is by an ET-1–dependent mechanism.