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Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography for valvular surgery

Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography (IOTEE) is widely used to guide valvular heart disease (VHD) surgery. The critical role of IOTEE is to aid the surgeon in tailoring the surgical approach to the specific mechanism(s) of valve dysfunction in patients with mitral or aortic regurgitation undergoing valve repair surgery, identify all valvular abnormalities that may warrant intervention, and to assess in a timely manner the results of the operative intervention upon coming off cardiopulmonary bypass (pump) thus allowing immediate correction of less-than-satisfactory results before the patient leaves the operating room (OR). IOTEE is also useful to monitor results of concurrent interventions such as coronary artery bypass graft surgery and aorta aneurysm repair, and to evaluate post-bypass biventricular function.