{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.043962485345838215, 'fraction_numerical': 0.016998827667057445, 'mean_word_length': 5.417293233082707, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Synthesis of novel Bi2O3/BiVO4/Ag3VO4 heterojunction photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation

In this investigation, Bi2O3 (BOS), BiVO4 (BVO) and Ag3VO4 (AVO) are used to generate a novel Bi2O3/BiVO4/Ag3VO4 (BBA) heterojunction photocatalyst via a two-step hydrothermal/solvothermal procedure. BVO/AVO composites were synthesized by a single-step hydrothermal process with different BVO/AVO molar ratios. C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2) was used as the parent compound to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized photocatalysts under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light (Vis.) irradiation. The morphological, structural, and spectroscopic properties of the synthesized photocatalysts were obtained by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis. diffuse reflectance spectral analysis, specific surface area analysis, photoluminescence spectral analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD, TEM and XPS results revealed the coexistence of AVO, BVO and BOS photocatalysts in the BBA hybrid material. The optimal BVO/AVO molar ratio for forming BVO/AVO composite was unity and the photocatalyst that was formed at this ratio was denoted as BA(1). The rate is constant of BBA in the Vis. photocatalysis of the degradation of RR2 was approximately 1.4, 8.9, 12.3 and 1.5 times those of BOS, BVO, AVO and BA(1), respectively. This study suggests that photo-generated holes were mostly responsible for the photocatalytic activity of BBA. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of BBA was attributed to the reduced probability of recombination of the photo-generated electrons and holes.