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Paraganglioma of the Hypoglossal Nerve

OBJECTIVES
To report a case of paraganglioma arising from the hypoglossal nerve and review the anatomy, clinical features, and literature to date.


STUDY DESIGN
Case report and review of the literature.


METHODS
Case records including paper and electronic chart and imaging reports were reviewed and summarized for the index case. A literature search was performed using pubmed keywords paraganglioma, hypoglossal, chemodactoma, carotid body, and glomus tumor. The available literature on the topic was reviewed and summarized.


RESULTS
Paragangliomas associated with the hypoglossal nerve were reported in 4 cases over the past 47 years. Our index case presented with similar clinical features compared to those reported in the literature. Imaging with computed tomography and angiography showed a hypervascular mass at the carotid bifurcation, splaying the internal and external carotid arteries. As in previously reported cases, the source of the paraganglioma was only identified intraoperatively. The current case differs from prior reported literature in that the tumor was dissected from the associated hypoglossal nerve which was preserved. The patient clinically had no deficits in articulation or deglutination following excision of the lesion and was able to return to a normal diet within 24 hours of surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
Hypoglossal paraganglioma is a neck mass that may not be distinguishable from more common carotid body or vagus tumors despite the use of multiple imaging modalities. Although XIIth nerve sacrifice may be requires in some instances, nerve preserving surgery, when possible, allows for complete recovery without functional deficits.