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Plasmonic biosensing of kidney wastes using carbon-based derivatives

In this work, several carbon-based derivatives (CBD) such as graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene quantum dots (GQD) were simulated using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method for the plasmonic biosensing of kidney wastes such as glucose, urea and creatinine. The angular interrogation technique utilizing Kretschmann-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used. Biosensing was performed at optical wavelengths of 633 nm, 670 nm and 785 nm using BK7-based prisms together with chromium/gold/carbon-based derivatives (Cr/Au/CBD) hybrid plasmonic layers. The effects of CBD on the biosensor’s sensitivity and Q-factor were analyzed and compared. Results of this numerical work lay the foundation of functionalizing plasmonic kidney-wastes biosensors on flexible substrates in the near future.