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The Atomic Archipelago

The Archipelago of La Maddalena is a group of seven islands and islets located offshore the northeastern corner of Sardinia, on the Italian side of the Strait of Bonifacio. In the early nineteenth century, the archipelago became an important naval station. During the Napoleonic Wars the small Sabaudian fleet established its hub in La Maddalena, and a few decades later the royal navy transformed it into a maritime fortress, with an annexed arsenal. After World War II, the permanence of the Italian navy bases secured the economic future of the islands and the continuity of their military traditions. The Cold War added another layer to the history of this strategic naval outpost, which is the subject of this book. In 1972, under an executive secret agreement with the US government, Italy allowed the US Navy to install a Naval Support Activity base in the bay of Santo Stefano, where a ship’s tender performed refit and repair operations on “fast attack” nuclear submarines associated with the Sixth Fleet. The mission of the Sturgeon and Los Angeles class submarines—the “hunter killers,” as they were named, for their ability to chase down the enemy—was to surveil Soviet underwater activities in the Mediterranean. US and Italian defense officials determined that La Maddalena offered favorable conditions for the installation of a new base due to its