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Powder compaction of bimaterials: stainless steel 316L and nanocrystalline yttria stabilised zirconia

Abstract The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of fabricating bimaterial nanocrystalline yttria stabilised zirconia (3YSZ) and stainless steel (SS) 316L powder via compaction. The findings indicated that a mixture of 4% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in 3YSZ powder prevented the formation of cracks in the compacted samples. The more pressure to 400 MPa increased the density of the compacted samples to 69% for 3YSZ+PVA and 72% for SS 316L. The hardness of the interface zone (SS 316L–3YSZ) was ∼750 HV, which is between the hardness of YSZ and SS 316L. The density of the bimaterial was ∼97%, higher than that of the average density of individual layers. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed the lamellar structure of the austenitic phase (γ) in SS 316L and the tetragonal structure in 3YSZ. Finally, this study highlighted that yttrium chromate (YCrO4) and chromium iron zirconium (CrFe3Zr2) phases were produced in the joining areas because of the diffusion of Cr, Fe and Zr.