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Dirac phenomenological analyses for the proton scatterings from nickel isotopes

Relativistic Dirac coupled channel analyses are performed phenomenologically using an optical potential model for the intermediate energy proton inelastic scatterings from nickel isotopes, 58Ni and 60Ni. The first-order rotational collective model is used for the transition optical potentials to describe the low-lying excited collective states of the ground state rotational band. The complicated Dirac coupled channel equations are solved phenomenologically by varying the optical potential and the deformation parameters to reproduce the experimental data, using a computer program that uses a sequential iteration method. The channel-coupling effects of the multistep transition process for the excited states of the ground state rotational band are found to be strong and lead the calculation results to better agreement with the experimental data when the channel coupling between the excited states is added in the calculation. The Dirac equations are reduced to the second-order differential equations to obtain the Schrödinger equivalent effective central and spin–orbit optical potentials, and the obtained effective potentials are analyzed.