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The Shelby Iron Company: A Note on Slave Personality after the Civil War

The arguments over the psychological effects of slavery upon the slave prompted by Stanley Elkins in his pathbreaking Slavery have for the most part centered in the evidence available in antebellum sources, both foreign and domestic, and in theoretical comparisons of slavery with more modern institutions, such as concentration camps and penitentiaries.' Although there is an obvious connection between one's concept of the factors leading to the Civil War-including the nature of slavery-and one's concept of the various aspects of Reconstruction, little has been done in the way of looking back at the questions raised by Elkins from the point of view of the evidence provided by the immediate post-war activities of freedmen, when they were afforded an opportunity to continue or to shed their behavior patterns as slaves.2 A primary difficulty limiting such an approach is the scarcity of reliable information describing the immediate post-war experiences of freedmen. The blacks themselves left few written records, and such documentation as exists was predominantly the chronicle of whites: former masters, mili-