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Effect of Backpacks Carried by Secondary School Students in Tanta City on the Musculoskeletal System

The weight of a backpack and its contents can cause a deteriorate in person's posture. Heavy school backpacks may also cause deformity in natural curves of the back . The improper use of backpacks can lead to muscle imbalance that could turn into chronic back and neck problems later in life. The aim of this study was to determine discomfort due to carrying backpack in secondary school students in Tanta City, Egypt. As well as to determine the relationship between genders and musculoskeletal pain during carrying the backpack. This study was performed on secondary school students in Tanta City, Egypt. The study population consisted of 200 students of both sexes 110 female and 90 males, in the first, second and third class of secondary school selected by the randomized clustered method d during the teaching year 2011-2012. Students received a questionnaire concerning complaints of the back, neck, shoulders, extremities. The study took place each morning as the students had arrived for classroom. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 15.0), using ANOVA test, and Student's t test. P value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. The study proved that high percentage of the secondary students (45.1%) reported discomforts in shoulder, back and upper and lower extremities.The rate of discomfort in shoulders area 38.1 %, in neck 27.6 % and in back 16.7 % had been reported. In addition, females recorded the highest prevalence of upper extremities pain with 48.2% more than boys. Trunk pain was reported by females (4.3%) more than by males (3.9%). Lower extremities musculoskeletal symptoms were reported by females (8.5%) more than by males (7.3%).