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Sedatives and hypnotics

Sedative hypnotics are medications that cause suppression of the central nervous system by primarily working through GABA agonism. The classes of medications that constitute this category are benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine receptor agonists. These medications are utilized for their potential treatments for a variety of conditions including anxiety, fear, insomnia, panic attacks, seizures, restless leg syndrome, sedation and alcohol withdrawal. These classes of medications have considerable side effects that need to be taken into account upon administration and require careful monitoring, specifically in regard to diverse patient characteristics such as baseline renal and hepatic function and also when used concomitantly with other medications that produce sedation through similar and synergistic mechanisms. This adverse event (AE) profile is generally well understood but continued use offers further insights for careful administration. A review of the 2020 publications provides further insight to contribute to the currently available literature. Additional review can be found in previous SEDA publications (Haghparast et al., 2020) [R].