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Acetate or bicarbonate for haemodialysis?

Thomas Graham, a Scotsman who lived from 1805–1869, demonstrated that vegetable parchment acts as a semipermeable membrane1. He coated parchment with albumin to close any defects then stretched it over a wooden or guttapercha hoop which he floated in a tank of water. Into the hoop he put a combination of crystalloid and colloid and demonstrated that only the crystalloid diffused through the parchment into the water. Graham coined the term dialysis for this phenomenon. He later repeated the experiment using urine and again showed that only the crystalloid matter passed into the water, and that when the water was evaporated to dryness it yielded a white crystalloid powder which was mainly urea. Graham was a chemist rather than a physician and as such did not apply dialysis to animals.