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Bilateral hydronephrosis with urinary tract infection in a Campbell's hamster (Phodopus campbelli).

Hydronephrosis has been reported in several exotic mammalian species (Fisher 2006). In the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus), hydronephrosis has been reported in association with diabetes mellitus (Benjamin & Brooks 1977, Dail et al. 1977). A 1·5-year-old, entire male Campbell’s hamster (Phodopus campbelli) was presented with a 4-day history of diarrhoea and weakness. On physical examination, the hamster was depressed and in poor body condition. A fluid-filled mass was palpated in the caudal abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed hydronephrosis in both kidneys and a dilated urinary bladder (Fig 1). Urinary obstruction with secondary bilateral hydronephrosis was suspected. The urinary bladder was successfully expressed under general anaesthesia. However, euthanasia was elected and a post-mortem examination did not reveal any causes for urinary obstruction. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures of fluid from the urinary bladder and right renal pelvis were positive for Klebsiella oxytoca. Although diarrhoea is a common complaint in pet rodents, an assumption that it is of gastrointestinal origin should not be made until a physical examination and additional diagnostics are performed as warranted. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of bilateral hydronephrosis with concurrent urinary tract infection in a Campbell’s hamster (P. campbelli).