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Occupational Health Services in Norway – Legislative Framework, Trends, Developments and Future Perspectives

Introduction The history of occupational health (OH) services in Norway goes back to company physicians in the silver mining industry in Kongsberg during the 17th century. The first modern OH service unit is usually regarded as having been founded at the Freia Chocolate Company in Oslo in 1917 by Professor Schiøtz. A public health approach, based on prevention by hygienic inspections and health surveillance, was adopted. It was not until 1977, when the Work Environment Act was passed, that there was a major expansion of OH services, starting in particular with the emergence of external, multidisciplinary units providing services to many enterprises.