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Design and Fabrication of a Multi-Material Neurosurgical Simulator for an Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

Haptic surgical simulators can improve skills and knowledge through experience. One possible application is the training of the high-risk procedure of an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) to treat an occlusive hydrocephalus. This study presents the development of a neurosurgical simulator optimized for automated manufacturing, while maintaining anatomical details and a variety of material properties. The core of the simulator is a 3D printed silicone model of the ventricular system, embedded in soft silicone gel, simulating the brain matter. Hard anatomical elements and a dynamic body fluid system complete the setup. The evaluation of the simulator by a medical expert shows that the anatomical geometries are realistic; the material properties however still need improvement.