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Book Review: Social-Science Commentary on the Gospel of John

the turn of the century B.C.E./C.E. by Pseudo-Phocylides, a writer who reflects both Hebrew and Greek anthropology. The Wisdom of Solomon, dated by C. between 30 B.C.E. and 70 C.E., mirrors aspects of Platonic and Stoic philosophy, e.g. the concept of incorruption, aphtharsia. Its author has been accused of superficial knowledge of Hellenistic thought, but C , following David Winston, presents a good case that various tensions can be explained by comparison with Middle Platonism. The ethical system of The Wisdom of Solomon is centered on retribution after death. C. accepts the common opinion that the immortality offered the righteous does not conform to Hellenistic philosophy, for it is the result of a life of wisdom and righteousness, and not part of the structure of the human person. But he goes further. He insists that the Wisdom of Solomon denied the death of the righteous. Only the wicked die. C. claims that Wis 2:23-24, "God created man for incorruptibility, and made him an image of its own proper being," sees incorruption or immortality as the point of resemblance between God and creatures and amounts to a denial of death. His admission, however, that in that work there is "considerable ambiguity attached to the concept of death" (188) still leaves the issue unresolved. C. offers us a fascinating journey through Hellenistic philosophy as it impinges on Hebrew concepts of wisdom. He takes us from retribution in this life to concern about the hereafter, from observation of nature to apocalyptic and finally to philosophical theories about the universe. His judgments are sound and his style effective. This is an important contribution to the study of wisdom literature.