{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01568627450980392, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.5661764705882355, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Nitric oxide and the axonal death cascade

botic disorders are typical predisposing risk factors, which combine with other underlying disorders or triggering events. Viral infection, dehydration, and cardiac surgery are triggering factors. There is the need for careful delineation of all risk factors in each child with stroke, to plan appropriate treatments and to test family members for heritable disorders. Therapy, for those triggering risk factors that are transient, should be of short duration, whereas therapy for predisposing factors must be of longer duration. Case–control and cohort studies such as the Ganesan study, using improved vascular imaging and genetic and other laboratory testing approaches, are resulting in an increased definition of stroke risk factors. The next phase of research will be to evaluate the influence of these risk factors on adverse outcomes including stroke recurrence. We are at an early and exciting stage of research into childhood stroke. Multicenter, international, consecutive cohort studies recently have been initiated, which will develop and apply standardized approaches to the diagnosis, investigation for risk factors, treatment, and outcome assessment of children with stroke. These multicenter studies will build on existing studies and will provide significantly increased power to further enhance our understanding of risk factors for childhood stroke. Studies that define risk factors for childhood stroke are providing the opportunity to identify subtle but important risk factors for stroke likely at play in adults. Finally, an improved understanding of risk factors is laying the groundwork for studies to assess stroke therapies aimed at preventing childhood stroke through the modification or reversal of risk factors.