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Post-translational modification of protein and disease onset- recent advances

Proteins are the basis of cellular and physiological functioning in living organisms, and the physical and chemical properties of proteins dictate their activities and functions. The primary sequence of a protein is a main determinant of protein folding and final conformation as well as biochemical activity, stability, and half-life. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are biochemical alterations of amino acids that extend the functional repertoire of proteins. PTMs regulate structural confirmations of proteins, protein-protein interactions and cellular signal transduction central in development. Alterations in the rate and extent of protein synthesis, accuracy, PTMs, and protein turnover are among the major molecular characteristics of some diseases. In this review, the incidence of PTMs disruption on certain disorders was evaluated.