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Release behavior of nano-silver textiles in simulated perspiration fluids

For the purpose of evaluating the possible exposure risks of nano-silver coating textiles, the release behaviors of silver from nano-modified textiles are studied under three simulated perspiration fluids. The characterization and quantification of the released nano-ingredients were carried out under these conditions, and the results show that nano-silver could leave the fabric surface and be released into the environment under the simulated perspiration conditions with various pH values and compositions. The release amounts of silver are increased by extending the treatment time, while the release rates show great difference under different pH values. Moreover, we demonstrate that the release performances and existing forms of the nano-silver are different in the three simulated environments, which was suggested as a possible mechanism. In the acid perspiration solution, the released silver is proved to be sub-micrometer particles and ionic forms. In the alkaline perspiration solution, the final state of silver is mostly silver ions. Meanwhile, in the salt perspiration solution, despite partial aggregation, the majority of the released silver is maintained in the presence of nanoparticles. These results further indicate that the exposure risks of nano-silver is much higher in high ionic intensity conditions than the others, which would have important implications for the risk assessment of nano-silver textiles and also for environmental studies of nano-silver dispersion.