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On Four Types of Argumentation For Classical Logic

Classical logic has been many times submitted to varied criticism and at the beginning of the second half of the 20 century—together with the progressing multiplication of non-classical logical calculi – its imminent death was even prophesied. Nevertheless, it still remains the most permanent paradigm of logic as a scientific discipline. It seems that the time has gone irrevocably when it was believed that two-valued logic did not only stand in conflict with our intuitions but using it might lead to contradictions. After numerous fruitless searches, the scientists even lost hope to create a better logic than two-valued logic. Naturally, different types of non-classical logic function which solve certain local problems and which standard logic cannot cope with. Leslie H. Tharp in his article Which Logic Is the Right Logic? puts the question about the properties that the correct system of logic should possess. He states that standard first-order logic is commonly considered to be the basic logical tool – “it appears not to go beyond what one would call logic, the problem evidently is whether it can be extended” (THARP 1975, 4). He