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Multi-Dimensional Microscopic Analysis of Sea Urchin Development

Several modalities of microscopic analysis have been employed in the investigation of development in the embryos of the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratusand Lytechinusvariegatus. These include scanning electron microscopy, confocal optical microscopy and multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. These techniques all provide information on embryonic morphogenesis in three-dimensions and may be of use in the analysis of other developing organisms. Scanning Electron Microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy bridges the gap between light and transmission electron microscopy. Operation in the secondary electron image mode with stereo-pair images combines great depth of field in focus from 10-50,000x with true 3D images of topographical features from whole embryos to macromolecules. The SEM's backscatter electron imaging mode allows one to see and map spatial geographies of colloidal gold labeled probes (e.g. antibodies, lectins) that bind to exposed surfaces of embryos, cells and extracellular matrices.