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Experimental study of convective heat transfer in Fe3O4-H2O nanofluids in a grid-shaped microchannel under magnetic field

Experimental study of convective heat transfer with Fe3O4-H2O (1 vol%) nanofluids was
 examined when the nanofluids flowed through a gridded microchannel under a
 perpendicularly oriented magnetic field of 0-700 G strength. The results
 show that, compared to deionized water, nanofluids reduces chip temperature
 by 2.11?C and increases the convective heat transfer coefficient by 30.43 %
 when no magnetic field is present. Under magnetic field conditions, the chip
 temperature was maximally reduced by 3.2?C, while the convective heat
 transfer coefficient is improved up to 65 % in comparison to deionized
 water. With increasing magnetic field strength, nanofluids's pressure drop
 and flow resistance showed an overall decreasing trend, and the pressure
 drop at 500 G and 700 G were reduced by 19.3 % and 14.51 %, respectively,
 compared to that at 0 G. In terms of overall performance, improved heat
 transfer in the presence of a magnetic field outperforms heat transfer in
 the absence of a magnetic field. The intensive heat transfer factor of
 nanofluids under magnetic field conditions is greater than one when the
 Reynolds number exceeds 400. The best overall performance and the highest
 intensive heat transfer factor are observed at a magnetic field strength of
 300 G.