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Attitude assessment for family practice research.

One of the methods used often in family medicine research is the measurement of attitudes. This article reviews the options for measuring attitudes and explains the qualities attitude instruments must possess to be effective as research tools. Observations, interviews, surveys, standardized scales and self-constructed scales are reviewed as strategies for measuring attitudes. The most common scaling techniques for attitude measurement are also reviewed including: Likert scales, Semantic Differentials, rating scales, and Q-sorts. Methods for ensuring reliability and validity of attitude measurements are also reviewed. Examples of the techniques described are drawn from the family medicine literature to provide readers with references to techniques for use in research. References are also cited for technical guidance in developing the techniques described.