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Shorter Dosing Intervals of Sublingual Immunotherapy Lead to More Efficacious Treatment in a Mouse Model of Allergic Inflammation

Current day practice of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) includes varying modalities of treatment that differ with regard to formulation, dosing and administration regimens. The aim of this study was to explore the importance of the dosing intervals in SLIT. The immunological effect of increased SLIT dosing frequency was tested in a mouse model of allergic inflammation. Mice sensitized to Phleum pratense (Phl p) were SLIT‐treated with the same weekly cumulative dose administered with different administration frequencies. A SLIT sham‐treated group was also included. All mice were challenged intra‐nasally with Phl p extract following SLIT. Local and systemic cytokine production, eosinophil infiltration into airways and the development of Phl p‐specific antibody responses were determined. Higher frequency of sublingual administration of allergen extract has a profound positive impact on the effect of SLIT, measured as induction of IgG and IgA antibodies. The once daily SLIT was the only treatment regimen being able to reduce all systemic Th2 cytokines and systemic IgE antibody responses when compared to sham‐treated mice after the intra‐nasal challenge period. The group receiving SLIT with the highest frequency of administration had the most pronounced effect of the treatment. In the same group, there was also a higher degree of protection against increase in IgE antibody levels after intra‐nasal challenge with the allergen, our data demonstrate that a once daily regimen is more efficacious than regimens where SLIT, with the same weekly cumulative allergen dose, is administered with longer intervals but higher doses.