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The Microfracture Technique

Articular cartilage lesions of the knee are diagnosed with increasing frequency and are often associated with significant morbidity. The microfracture technique presents a frequently used first-line treatment option for full-thickness articular cartilage defects of the knee and is increasingly applied to other joints. Its advantages include minimal invasiveness and low surgical morbidity, technical simplicity, high cost-effectiveness, and relatively short rehabilitation. Clinical studies have shown that this cartilage repair technique can lead to long-term functional improvement and allows the return to high-demand athletics. Recent clinical data indicate that functional outcome after microfracture in the knee is improved by increased repair cartilage volume, whereas low repair cartilage volume limits the durability of the functional improvement. Although microfracture may not be technically demanding, attention to technical details has been shown to improve the repair cartilage qualities. Using a systematic technical approach to microfracture and appropriate rehabilitation will help optimize cartilage repair, and may improve functional outcome and durability of functional improvement from this cartilage repair technique.