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The effect of choleretic therapy on the expression activity of microRNA-378f and the muscular layer of the gallbladder wall

Functional disorders of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi in children remain relevant due to their significant percentage in the structure of diseases of the biliary system. One of the options for choleretic therapy is the use of ursodeoxycholic acid. Purpose - to study the effectiveness of choleretic therapy, namely ursodeoxycholic acid, in children with functional disorders of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi by determining the activity of microRNA-378f generation and the impact on the cells of the muscular layer of the gallbladder wall. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 70 children with functional disorders of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi. To determine the level of expression of microRNA-378f in the serum used the method of real-time polymerase chain reaction. The experimental part of the study was performed on 30 mice. Ultrastructural analysis was performed according to a standard scheme using a transmission electron microscope. Results. Positive dynamics of gallbladder contractility and significant increase in the expression of microRNA-378f in the serum was observed in children with functional disorders of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi after a course of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy (p<0.05). After exposure to ursodeoxycholic acid, the mitotic indices of leiomyocytes of the bottom wall and body of the gallbladder were significantly histologically determined compared to intact mice (р˂0.01); there was a probable increase in the nuclear activity of fibroblasts due to decondensation of chromatin and an increase in the number of nuclear pores (p˂0.01); significant increase in the number of Kahal interstitial cells in the muscular layer of the gallbladder of mice was observed (p˂0.01). Conclusions. In children with functional disorders of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi during choleretic therapy under the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid there is an increase in decreased contractility of the gallbladder and the level of expression of microRNA-378f in serum. The use of ursodeoxycholic acid causes leiomyocyte hyperplasia and their intracellular ultrastructural changes, increased fibroblast nuclear activity, and an increase in the number of interstitial Kahal interstitial cells of the gallbladder muscle in experimental animals. These morphological changes are likely to increase the contractile function of the gallbladder. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the children’s parents was obtained for the research. The maintenance of experimental animals was carried out in accordance with the sanitary and hygienic norms of the vivarium of the specified institution and was carried out with the permission of the commission on biomedical ethics. The authors declare no conflict of interest.