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Evaluation, prevention and management of cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity: a contemporary approach for clinicians

Purpose of review While targeted therapies have improved cancer outcomes, unique cardiovascular toxicities are increasingly recognized, particularly when administered sequentially after anthracyclines or radiation. Patients with cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity benefit from collaborative care involving cardiology and oncology, leading to a new interdisciplinary field called cardio-oncology. The present review will highlight contemporary clinical issues in cardio-oncology. Recent findings Recently, risk factors for cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity have been evaluated in real-world rather than in clinical trial patients. Biomarkers and advanced echocardiography are emerging as sensitive tools for preclinical identification of cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Single-center studies suggest that cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity responds to prompt heart failure medical treatment, and such therapy may even prevent cardiotoxicity. Summary Modern cancer therapy has short-term cardiac risk that may require collaborative management by clinicians with expertise in cardiology and oncology. The increased effectiveness of modern cancer therapy is resulting in a growing population of cancer survivors who are at long-term risk for cardiovascular disease. The present review of contemporary clinical issues in cardio-oncology will be of interest to healthcare providers who manage cardiotoxicity during cancer therapy, and who follow patients who survive cancer but face increased long-term cardiovascular risk.