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De-noising GNSS-Reflectometry Measurements from a Freshwater Surface

Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a form of bi-static radar in which the GNSS signal reflected off a surface can be used to remotely sense the surface from which it reflects. It is a low-cost, all-weather sensing method in which a GNSS receiver specifically measures what would typically be considered multipath rather than rejecting it. This technique has the potential to be extremely useful in monitoring phase changes between water and ice in the crysophere, as the signal scattered power and Doppler shift is function of the surface conditions. The power collected as a function of time delay and Doppler shift is often represented on a Delay-Doppler Map (DDM).