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Cardiac and pulmonary failure secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy

For over 15 years, upper respiratory tract obstruction due to adenoton‐sillar hypertrophy has been known to cause hypoxia, hypercapnia, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and thereby cor pulmonale and congestive heart failure. This is now an uncommon but not rare entity and three recent cases prompted this report. The typical patient is dyspneic with retractions, cyanosis, occasional periods of apnea and somnolence. Edema and hepatomegaly and at times splenomegaly are common. X‐rays show cardiomegaly, which on electrocardiogram is found to involved mainly the right ventricle.