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Effect of disodium cromoglycate on cutaneous basophil anaphylaxis.

Cutaneous basophil anaphylaxis (CBA) was elicited by intradermal rechallenge of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) sites in guinea pigs sensitized 7 days previously with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The antiallergy agent disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), administered i.v. immediately before rechallenge, inhibited the increased vasopermeability (measured by tissue dye uptake) and basophil degranulation (measured by light microscopic counts of intact basophils) characteristic of the CBA reaction. The antihistamine mepyramine, administered orally, inhibited vasopermeability but not basophil degranulation. The component contributed by DSCG inhibition of mast cell degranulation to the overall inhibition of the reaction was found to be minimal, since intact mast cells were found to be depleted at CBH sites and totally absent at CBA sites from animals treated with DSCG. Electron microscopic examination of basophils at CBA sites from DSCG-treated animals revealed the presence of ruffled perigranular membranes and enlarged perigranular spaces, but both the formation of degranulation sacs and the subsequent fusion of granule sac membranes with the plasma membrane were inhibited. DSCG also inhibited the vasopermeability and basophil degranulation of the CBA reaction elicited by KLH at day 14 and by C5a at day 7. When a basophil-enriched leucocyte preparation from KLH-sensitized guinea pigs was studied in vitro, DSCG inhibited both antigen-induced and C5a-induced basophil degranulation at 10(-5) and 10(-4) M. DSCG failed to inhibit the vasopermeability and the mast cell degranulation produced by either intradermal C5a or intradermal compound 48/80. These results indicate that anaphylactic degranulation of basophils, but not mast cells, is inhibited by DSCG in the guinea pig. This inhibition appears to take place independent of stimulus at an early stage of granule membrane fusion.