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Clinical evaluation of oily calcium hydroxide suspension alone and in combination with β-tricalcium phosphate in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects

Background: An oily calcium hydroxide suspension (OCHS) has been proved to be efficient in promoting bone regeneration in periodontal intrabony defects. However, the outcome of regenerative therapy using an OCHS as an adjunct to open-flap debridement is believed to be compromised by its low consistency. Thus, the present study was carried out to evaluate an OCHS alone and in combination with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as a bone graft material in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six intrabony defects in 10 patients were divided into experimental and control sites. The experimental sites were debrided and grafted with a combination of OCHS and β-TCP. The control sites were debrided and grafted with OCHS alone. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival margin position were recorded at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months. Results: No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at the baseline between the two groups. At 9 months postoperatively, the experimental group showed a reduction in mean PPD from 7.56 ± 1.15 to 4.19 ± 1.42 mm (P < 0.001) and a change in mean CAL from 8.00 ± 1.67 to 5.06 ± 2.17 mm (P < 0.001). In the control group, the mean PPD reduced from 7.90 ± 1.10 to 5.90 ± 1.52 mm (P < 0.05) and the mean CAL changed from 8.30 ± 1.16 to 6.40 ± 1.35 mm (P < 0.05). The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher PPD reduction and CAL gain than control group. Changes in the gingival margin position were nonsignificant in both the groups. Conclusion: Overall, both therapies led to significant PPD reduction and CAL gain. The combination of an OCHS and β-TCP as a bone graft material was more effective in terms of improving clinical parameters than OCHS alone.