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Renal cell carcinoma: A prognostic target for spectral pathology.

459 Background: In contrast to standard pathology, where stained cells and tissues are examined visually under a microscope, spectral pathology is the study of changes in cellular composition of unstained tissue using molecular fingerprint techniques, such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Hyperspectral images are collected which provide not only spatial information but also data of high dimensionality, probing the global biochemistry of the biological specimen in the mid-infrared range.


METHODS
9 paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed clear cell renal carcinoma tissue sections (8μm thick) of different grade, stage and with respective matched pairs, were floated onto infrared-transmitting substrates. After dewaxing, Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy was performed on a Varian 670-IR spectrometer coupled with a Varian 620-IR imaging microscope (Agilent Technologies, CA) equipped with a 128×128 pixel Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride focal planar array detector. A hyperspectral image is obtained whereby each pixel records an infrared spectrum at a pixel resolution of ~5.5x5.5μm. Mosaic images were captured of full tissue specimens (one imaging tile equates to a tissue sampling area of ~700×700μm).


RESULTS
We have been able to detect the phenotype of ccRCC and observed a diminishing glycogen-rich signal during tumour progression towards high grade tissue. The spectral characteristics of ccRCC have been correlated with H and E, PAS, and CA-IX staining.


CONCLUSIONS
Cancer metabolism can be tracked by lipid and glycogen infrared bands that carry a unique spectral signature, depending on tumour aggressiveness. The future focus is to generate a prognostic model for small renal masses.