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“A Glorious Spiritual and Political Achievement”: Reinhold Niebuhr on Zionism, Israel, and Realism

Reinhold Niebuhr is remembered as an inspiration for the revival of “realism” in US foreign policy. He was also one of America’s most visible Christian supporters of the state of Israel. Niebuhr rejected eschatological interpretations of Jewish destiny. But his lifelong support for Zionism rested partly on religious grounds—including a conception of providence that linked America’s global responsibility with the survival of the Jewish state.