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Peripheral dopamine in essential hypertension. An early defense against hypertension failing during its progression?

Measurements of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in plasma (DA sulfate) and urine (homovanillic acid) as well as its urinary response to furosemide revealed two distinct patterns: a hyperdopaminergic state in borderline essential hypertension (EH) and a renal DA deficiency in stable EH. Long-term follow-up demonstrated that despite treatment, approximately 20% of borderline hypertensive patients became stable hypertensive within 12 years. Preliminary data on reinvestigation of these patients indicated that their dopaminergic indices also changed from those typical of borderline hypertension to those characteristic of stable hypertension, a finding compatible with the hypothesis that the hyperdopaminergic patterns in borderline hypertension represent an early antihypertensive defense response which progressively fails in patients who go on to develop stable hypertension.