{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.05263157894736842, 'fraction_numerical': 0.026686434395848776, 'mean_word_length': 4.895196506550218, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The influence of autumn sowing date on the productivity of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The greatest interest in the cultivation of spring wheat is in regions with an increased intensity of late fallow. However, there are also stronger tendencies to limit the area of its cultivation (similarly to other spring cereals), which is mainly due to a lower level of yielding. Farmers decide on the sowing date of varieties mainly after plants that leave the field late, e.g., potatoes, beets and maize. That is why these varieties are usually called „alternative wheat”.The aim of the research was to determine the effect of autumn sowing date on the yield and the technological value of the grains of selected spring wheat varieties. A two-factor field experiment was established using a split-plot design at the Experimental Station of Cultivar Testing (ESCT) in Bezek (51°12′06′′N 23°16′06′′E), the Lubelskie voivodeship, Poland (2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011). Experimental factors were as follows: A) sowing date – I October, II November, III spring, B) spring wheat variety: ‘Tybalt’, ‘Cytra’, ‘Bombona’, ‘Monsun’, ‘Parabola’. It was found that grain yields of spring wheat sown in the autumn were higher than those sown in the spring term. Without regard to the sowing term, the highest grain yields were obtained from ‘Tybalt’ cultivar.