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Cytotoxic Activity of Chitin Derivatives Evaluation with Human Tumour Cell Lines

Chitin is a long-chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose, and is found in many places throughout the natural world. It is the main component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans. Due to their biocompatibility and less toxic nature, it has been developed as new physiologically bioactive materials since they possess various biological activities. Chemical extraction of chitin from shells, of the white shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846), produces a chitin with a high viscosity, a low molecular weight and a high degree of deacetylation. In the present study, chemical modifications of chitin produced low molecular weight carboxymethyl chitin, chitooligosaccharides and 2-phtalimido chitosan. Also, anticancer activities of chitin derivatives were evaluated using the human rhabdosarcoma cell line, RD, the human leukaemia cell line, THP-1, and the human larynx cancer cell line, HEp-2. The cytotoxic effects of chitin derivatives were also evaluated using a normal human foetal lung fibroblastic cell line, MRC-5. The specific cytotoxicity of chitin derivatives to tumour cell lines was demonstrated, and the high antitumor effect of chitin derivatives was established. Furthermore, a specific interaction was suggested.