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Imaging geometry and error sensitivity in triangulation-based optical receivers

Among basic design issues for laser-based triangulation systems are imaging geometry considerations which can seriously impact the 3-D measurement accuracy performance. Among these are numerical aperture, sensor orientation, telecentricity, and triangulation angle. While system designers specifying these parameters generally take into account certain first-order design objectives such as requirements for field-of-view and optoelectronic signal- to-noise, they may overlook other imaging error sources such as certain aberrations, defocus, multiple reflections, and measurement non-linearity which are equally integral to providing a high level of 3-D measurement accuracy. These errors are described here in relation to triangulation imaging geometry constraints, and corresponding design trade-offs to minimize the errors are discussed.