{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.017056222362602652, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002526847757422615, 'mean_word_length': 4.888475836431227, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Riser Concept Selection for FPSO in Deepwater Norwegian Sea: A Case Study

Selecting a riser concept for FPSOs stationed in deep water has posed challenges, due to the high hydrostatic pressure and large vessel payload. One of the major factors governing the riser concept selection for deepwater FPSOs is the geographical location and weather conditions prevalent in the region. For example, the free hanging flexible riser has been mostly used in the moderate environments of offshore Brazil, while concepts like the SCR and Hybrid Riser Tower (HRT) are dominant in the calm weather conditions of the West of Africa (WoA). Selecting a riser concept for an FPSO stationed in harsh weather conditions like those of the Northern Norwegian Sea is a daunting task. This is due to the large vessel offsets and dynamics, which are directly transferred along the riser’s length to its base, thereby causing considerable fatigue damage to the riser. The main aim of this paper is to recommend a suitable riser concept, which may be hooked to an internal turret moored FPSO stationed in water of 1500m depth and in the harsh environmental conditions of the Northern Norwegian Sea. The recommendations are based on the literature review and the case study performed in the manuscript. On the basis of the literature review, a lazy wave configuration of flexible riser and Steel Lazy Wave Riser (SLWR) has been considered as a viable riser concept. Thereafter, a case study is performed to compare the two riser concepts, on the basis of vessel payload, fabrication cost and installation cost.