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Deaf People in Hitler's Europe (review)

sections dealing with the regulatory effects of the Reagan Revolution, but is clearest in an otherwise compelling chapter on the lead industry’s use of children in lead-paint promotion in the 1920s. Just as pediatric specialists in a small number of research-oriented hospitals were beginning to pay attention to childhood lead poisoning, the National Lead Company engaged in a campaign to “cater to the children,” urging paint stores: “Do Not Forget the Children—Some Day They May Be Customers” (p. 72). Was this, as Markowitz and Rosner find, a callous and calculated attempt to defend against bad publicity by building positive associations between childhood and lead? Did National Lead stage a preemptive defense against the coming public-relations nightmares of the “silent epidemic”? Or do the ubiquitous advertisements featuring the plucky Dutch Boy—which urged parents to paint lead over every surface of the children’s world—suggest that National Lead was in denial? If so, this campaign was a painfully ironic sign of the lead industry’s inability (or unwillingness) to see the truth—a fatal flaw more than the treachery of an omniscient, omnipotent, and utterly maleficent villain. The history of industrial pollution by the lead and plastics industries has room for both irony and villainy. Deceit and Denial is not without irony and the perspective that irony properly demands, and it offers many lessons for medical, social, and environmental historians. Above all, though, this is an effectively adversarial study of just how badly two American industries behaved over the twentieth century, the regulatory vagaries that permitted such bad behavior, and the cost in sickness and death.