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The Origins of the “Daughters’ Question”

This chapter traces the imperial legal context of both compulsory education and religious conversion and their selective application in Galicia. It presents a background of the stories of the runaway Galician Jewish minor girls. It also considers the new cultural and intellectual opportunities for females in Kraków, including the spread of feminist ideas with which the highly acculturated Orthodox women would be familiar. The chapter analyses archival records on Jewish conversion that provides data on the age and geographical origin of the female Jewish converts, as well as the time period when their baptism took place. It discusses the lack of rabbinic response to the growing phenomenon of the female runaways.