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The retinotectal projections after uncrossing the optic chiasma in Xenopus with one compound eye.

The nature of the retinotectal projection from a compound (NN or TT) eye in Xenopus raises certain problems concerning the mode of formation of connexions between the eye and the tectum. Each half of the compound eye appears to spread its connexions across the entire extent of the (apparently normal) contralateral tectum. This could indicate a certain plasticity in the way in which optic fibres can connect with the tectum. Alternatively, it is conceivable that each (similar) half of the compound eye is only able to innervate its corresponding half-tectum; in which case the uninnervated half-tectum could remain undeveloped and the innervated half-tectum could overgrow to resemble a normal tectum. This mechanism would preserve the idea of a rigidly fixed cell-to-cell specificity between retina and tectum. In an attempt to distinguish between these two mechanisms (spreading or overgrown half-tectum) we have given each of a series of Xenopus embryos at stage 32 one compound eye (NN or TT). Then, shortly after metamorphosis, we uncrossed the optic chiasma and 6 months later recorded the retinotectal projections from each eye to the tecta. Thus by connecting up the normal eye to the suspect tectum, and the compound eye to the normal tectum, we used the normal side in each case to provide an indication of the degree of abnormality with which the other side was connected. The results showed that a compound eye (NN or TT), connected to a normal tectum, gave a typical reduplicated map across the entire tectum, whereas the normal eye, when connected to the tectum which was previously innervated by the compound eye, gave an approximately normal projection across the whole of that tectum. These results lead us to conclude that, in the Xenopus visual system, no strict cell-to-cell type specificity exists; rather, what is preserved throughout these experimental manoeuvres is the polarity and extent of the projection.