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Continuous Monitoring of Drilling Mud Properties Through Novel Microwave Apparatus


 During drilling operations, encountering highly pressurized brine zones or low-pressure zones can alter the amount of brine in an oil-based mud, also known as oil-brine-ratio (OBR). Thus, monitoring the OBR is an important measurement to determine any changes in the formation pressure.
 A non-intrusive microwave drilling mud analyzer (MDMA) for real-time oil-brine-ratio measurements was designed, built, and tested on drilling muds performed. The MDMA uses a vector network analyzer to measure the reflection (S11) and transmission (S21) spectra of drilling muds. The initial design concept consisted of a pair of waveguides whose ends face each other and are placed on the inner surface of the pipe. The waveguides have a diameter similar to the main pipe and are filled with specific low loss materials with dielectric value near that of the fluid in the pipe. Based on the initial design, an optimized prototype was designed and built. The improved design increases bandwidth by adding tapered ridges to the original cylindrical waveguide and optimizes the feed details to maintain an impedance match to the feed connectors.
 Results on drilling muds shows a high sensitivity to brine content, which can be inverted to have high accuracy OBR values. In addition, the MDMA showed also high sensitivity to water dilution and to an increase in solids content