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A sensitive enzyme immunoassay system of rat epidermal growth factor in biological fluids and tissue extracts.

Rat epidermal growth factor was purified from rat submandibular glands to obtain specific antiserum for the establishment of an immunoassay system. Purified rat epidermal growth factor showed a single peak on reverse phase HPLC and a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at mol wt 5100 in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and at mol wt 41,000 in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Antibody against rat epidermal growth factor showed cross-reactivities with mouse and human epidermal growth factors on soft agar-double immunodiffusion test. The established sandwich enzyme immunoassay for rat epidermal growth factor had a high sensitivity (500 fg/tube), which made it possible to measure minute amounts of endogenous rat epidermal growth factor without pretreatment. Physiological concentrations of rat epidermal growth factor in rat biological fluids and tissues were determined. Species differences in physiological distributions of epidermal growth factor are discussed.