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INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MENHADEN OIL UPON CARCINOGENESIS AND VARIOUS CUTANEOUS REspONSES TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION *

Abstract Recent reports suggest that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) inhibits growth of transplanted tumors and the formation of various chemically induced cancers in animals. Menhaden oil is a source of polyunsaturated lipid with a high content of EPA, an omega‐3 fatty acid. We sought to explore the effects of menhaden oil on photocarcinogenesis by employing the hairless mouse/UV‐carcinogenesis model. Five groups of 40 SKH‐Hr‐1 mice received (a) a semipurined equicaloric diet containing either 0.75% corn oil, 4% corn oil. 4% menhaden oil or 12% menhaden oil and (b) an escalating regimen of UV radiation to a cumulative dose of 70 J/cm2. Additional animals were employed to further examine the role of menhaden oil in acute cutaneous responses to UV, i.e., erythema, edema, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) induction. After a 2‐week feeding period UV‐induced ODC activity in mice receiving 12 or 20% menhaden oil was 3 to 13‐fold lower than that of corn oil fed animals. Further studies showed that edema was also markedly decreased. Animals receiving menhaden oil required twice the level of irradiance to evoke a comparable erythema as that which occurred in corn oil fed animals.