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Metabolism of valine and the exchange of amino acids across the hind-limb muscles of fed and starved sheep.

A combination of the isotope-dilution and arterio-venous (AV) difference techniques was used to study simultaneously the metabolism of valine in the whole body and in the hind-limb muscles of fed and starved (40 h) sheep. The net exchange of gluconeogenic amino acids across hind-limb muscles was also studied. Valine entry rate was unaffected by nutritional status. There was significant extraction of valine by hind-limb muscles in both fed and starved sheep. The percentage of valine uptake decarboxylated was higher (P less than 0.05) in fed sheep but the amount of valine decarboxylated was not significantly different. The proportion of valine uptake that was transaminated was about 30 times higher in starved sheep. About 54% of valine taken up by hind-limb muscle of starved sheep was metabolized. The corresponding value for fed sheep was 21%. The contribution of CO2 from valine decarboxylation to total hind-limb muscle CO2 output was about 0.2%. The output of alanine in both fed and starved sheep was low but the output of glutamine was relatively high and roughly equivalent to the amounts of aspartate, glutamate and branched-chain amino acids that were catabolized. This study has confirmed that valine is catabolized in sheep skeletal muscle, and shown that glutamine is a major carrier of amino nitrogen out of muscle.