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Performance and Structure of an EMP Simulator

The electromagnetic pulse simulator designed in this paper consists of an adjustable direct current high voltage source, a capacitor for energy-storage, an air spark gap switch, a resistive divider for measurement and a GHz transversal electromagnetic wave (GTEM) cell. The analysis model is constructed based on the theory of transmission line. Influencing factors, such as self-load and impedance mismatch of the transmission line (as well as the cell), were analyzed using Pspice. The self-load has the effect of parallel connection with the load of GTEM cell. It may increase the rise-time, decrease the fall time and reduce the voltage peak. The sudden change of the transmission line impedance will make the waveform of pulse contain reflected oscillation. Four types of resistance divider link were also simulated using Pspice. Improper connection of the resistance divider will cause the waveform of pulse oscillation and lengthen the rise-time, which can be reduced by shorting the high voltage lead, using system structure with gradually changing resistance or connecting a damping resistance at the end.