{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01142263759086189, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.557823129251701, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Car Ownership Models in Iran: A Review of Methods and Determinants

Abstract The achievement of sustainable transportation and the desire to reduce car ownership are important aspects of urban planning, especially in developing countries. This paper presents an overview of researches and studies conducted on car ownership to find the knowledge gap and neglected modelling methods that should be employed in the further researches in Iran as one of the Middle East countries. It is found that car ownership models have under gone modification and improvement from regression models towards discrete choice models, although more improvement is necessary and underway. Lack of reliable aggregate and disaggregate data regarding public transport, land use, behavioural and socioeconomic variables particularly for small cities is prominent. To fill the gap, more descriptive and analytical researches and more complex modelling methods and variables need be delved.