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Bladder training plus pelvic muscle exercises reduced urinary incontinence in women immediately after treatment

Patients 204 women >45 years of age (mean age 61 y, 92% white) who were living in the community, ambulatory, mentally competent, and able to toilet independently; had urine loss >once/week; and had urodynamic evidence of genuine stress incontinence, detrusor instability, or both. Exclusion criteria were reversible causes of urinary incontinence, uncontrolled metabolic conditions, residual urine volume after voiding > 100 ml, urinary tract infection, genitourinary fistula or indwelling catheter, or inability to contract a pelvic muscle. Follow up was 95%.