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Media Framing of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Health Issues and HPV Vaccine-Related Sentiment in English Language News Media in India (2015-2018)

India records a high incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related infections and cancers, with cervical cancer being the second biggest cause of mortality among women with cancer in the country. Immunization against the high-risk HPV serotypes can efficiently prevent related diseases. The HPV vaccine was recommended to be added in the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) of India by the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (NTAGI) in 2017. However, following a controversial vaccine trial in 2009 and a pending decision on a related legal case, the Government of India has refrained from including the vaccine in the UIP. This study is an analysis of the media coverage of HPV-related issues and HPV vaccine-related sentiment in English language news media in India from 2015 to 2018. The sampled news media for the study include four national daily newspapers, The Hindu, The Times of India, The Indian Express and Hindustan Times; and two Indian news websites, The Wire and Scroll.in. Results based on the sentiment analysis of the media coverage reveal a predominantly positive sentiment towards the HPV vaccine with a marginal presence of thematically framed negative and contested opinion against the vaccine. The analysis of media framing of the issue reveals a prevalence of authoritative frames devoid of exemplification, and an extensive use of behavioral determinants of health to establish responsibility in HPV-related health status.