{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.029288702928870293, 'fraction_numerical': 0.02301255230125523, 'mean_word_length': 4.662721893491124, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Graphene electrodes for electric poling of electro-optic polymer films.

We propose electric poling of electro-optic (EO) polymer films with graphene electrodes. The use of graphene electrodes can waive the use of buffer layers and minimize the poling voltage. To demonstrate the idea, we prepared EO polymer thin-film waveguides for poling with traditional Au/ITO electrodes and graphene electrodes, where the EO polymer is a guest-host system formed by doping 15 wt% of dipolar polyene chromophore AJLZ53 into the random copolymer P(S-co-MMA). Our experiments confirm that the use of graphene electrodes can significantly reduce the poling voltage. For a 3.8-µm-thick EO polymer film, we achieve high EO coefficients of 82 pm/V at 1541 nm and 110 pm/V at 1300 nm with a poling voltage of 420 V. In addition, the use of graphene electrodes allows more flexible waveguide designs and can potentially simplify the fabrication of devices based on EO polymer.