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Millimeter-wave sounders/imagers for spaceborne Earth observations and reconnaissance

Microwaves (MW) and Millimeter Waves (MMW) have the known benefit of penetrating the turbid Earth atmosphere under conditions where visible and infrared wave display rather limited optical depth. Radars represent conventional implementations of MMW sensor systems, while radiometers embody evolving, environmentally friendly, covert systems for civilian and military applications. This paper reviews the evolution of spaceborne passive MW and MMW sensor systems as primarily represented by Aerojet sensor products for atmospheric parameter sounding/imaging. The paper assesses current trends, and provides an outlook for the future of such sensor systems.