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Current aspects of COVID-19 vaccine prophylaxis: big steps from laboratory to clinical practice

For more than a year and a half, the entire world has been experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. Only the development of safe and effective vaccines may make the most significant changes in the fight against this infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners are contributing to accelerated development of vaccines because it is the vaccination along with social distancing and the use of personal protective equipment that is an effective way to prevent the coronavirus disease. This review covers general characteristics of vaccines registered or approved by at least one national regulator, the risks and side effects of the vaccines, as well as approaches to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination.