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Dyslexia, a lesson in reading disabilities.

What's in a name? When Samuel T. Orton, MD, first wrote about dyslexia in the 1920s, the problem was thought to be primarily a visual one. Since then experts realize dyslexia involves more than one entity. Thus, some professionals prefer the broader term " reading disability." Whatever the label , dyslexia affects people of normal or above normal intelligence who, despite being exposed to standard educational methods, have difficulty in learning to read or understand what is read. As many as 15% of American students may be classified as dyslexic. There is no such thing as a " typical" dyslexic. Some have trouble remembering what was read ; others have difficulty spelling or confuse vowel sounds and consonant blends. Dealing with numbers might spell trouble. Writing may be difficult or sloppily done. Mirror writing in which letters are written backwards occurs in some cases. Still others leave out, insert, or replace words while reading. The only thing known for certain about this disability is that dyslexics read at a significantly lower grade level than normal readers of a similar age and intelligence.