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Diarrheal disease of children in Southeast Asia.

Acute and chronic diarrheal diseases are major health problems in Southeast Asian countries. The associated morbidity and mortality in children up to 5 years of age are very high. Etiologic factors associated with the incidence of diarrheal diseases in children are multicomplex involving such factors as personal hygiene improper sanitation malnutrition and others. Etiologic agents include virus (Duovirus or Rotavirus); enteropathogenic bacteria (E. coli Salmonella); and other bacteria (Vigrio spp). Fungal infections (Candida spp and intestinal helminthiasis) are also implicated indirectly. Malabsorption syndrome particularly lactose and sucrose intolerance has also been identified (incidence reported in Southeast Asia varies from 5 to 70%) in patients with acute or chronic diarrhea as is parenteral or systemic infection. Management of diarrhea include: 1) fluid therapy the most important aspect of treatment as death from diarrhea is mainly due to dehydration; 2) antibiotic therapy; 3) dietetic treatment and 4) antifungal agents. The incidence of diarrheal diseases in the Southeast Asian region can be reduced by observing good individual hygiene better environmental sanitation adequate supply of tap water and breastfeeding up to 2 years. Mortality can be reduced to a minimum with the use of oral rehydration.