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Direct model extraction of RFCMOS spiral transformers

In a spiral transformer, couplings between the coils are interlaced and correlative, and are difficult to independently extract from limited network parameters. In this article, we present a method for directly extracting model parameters including mutual inductances and port-to-port capacitances one by one. In the method, by leaving unmeasured ports short-circuited or open-circuited on the wafer, we transform a 4-port transformer into four 2-port networks for obtaining adequate measurement data, enabling us to extract all the ‘2-π’-like model parameters independently. We adopt this method into the modelling of a 5:5-turn spiral transformer fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Finally, comparisons between electromagnetic (EM)-simulated results, measured results and model-simulated results demonstrate that our method is accurate and reliable.