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Ethnochemistry and Human Rights

Any effort where drugs, supplements, and other high value products have been developed as an outgrowth of ethnochemical knowledge should acknowledge the community from which the knowledge originated. This community should receive some form of reciprocal gain. Such reciprocity could be in the form of technology transfer and training, and in the event that a compound is successfully commercialized, royalty payments. This is a crucial topic that needs to be discussed among chemists. A key point is that recently the United Nations General Assembly has adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples [1], which includes the right to self-determination. We encourage chemists to recognize and defend this right. 
 
The relationship between science and the human rights of indigenous groups has often been a difficult one [2], with the history of drug discovery being particularly problematic. Ethnochemical development can be viewed as a 2-step process: One is the use of indigenous knowledge as a starting point for chemicals as leads. The second is advancing the chemical leads, by further testing and patenting of them. As chemists, we remember the second, but usually fail to recognize the importance of the first.