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RF propagation simulator to predict location accuracy of GSM mobile phones for emergency applications

Mobile location is one of the fastest growing areas for the development of new technologies, services and applications. This paper describes the channel models that were developed as a basis of discussion to assist the Technical Subcommittee T1P1.5 in its consideration of various mobile location technologies for emergency applications (1997 - 1998) for presentation to the U.S. Federal Communication Commission (FCC). It also presents the PCS 1900 extension to this model, which is based on the COST-231 extended Hata model and review of the original Okumura graphical interpretation of signal propagation characteristics in different environments. Based on a wide array of published (and non-publicly disclosed) empirical data, the signal propagation models described in this paper were all obtained by consensus of a group of inter-company participants in order to facilitate the direct comparison between simulations of different handset-based and network-based location methods prior to their standardization for emergency E-911 applications by the FCC. Since that time, this model has become a de-facto standard for assessing the positioning accuracy of different location technologies using GSM mobile terminals. In this paper, the radio environment is described to the level of detail that is necessary to replicate it in a software environment.