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Plant‐Derived Bioactive Lipids Impact Glucose Homeostasis and Energy Metabolism in Mice

Echium oil (EO) contains stearidonic (18:4 n3) and γ‐linolenic acid (18:3 n6); bioactive lipids with potential positive metabolic effects similar to fish oil (FO) derived bioactive components. Accordingly, we examined the metabolic impact of an obesogenic diet (HF; 60% kcal total fat) vs. a low‐fat diet (LF; 10% kcal total fat), each supplemented with 20% of total fat content of eitherEO, or FO, or no supplement (CON) for 12 weeks in B6NTac mice. While daily weight gain, energy intake, blood glucose, plasma insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance were all significantly higher in the HF vs. LF groups, there were no oil‐specific differences in these parameters among the groups. However, the EO‐enriched HF group exhibited improved glucose tolerance by week 12. EO supplementation in HF, but not FO, also led to reduced visceral fat accrual without affecting body mass. Although HF‐FO and HF‐EO groups displayed increased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was reduced only in the HF‐EO group, shown by expression of BiP, a marker of ER stress. Hepatic steatosis was markedly reduced in both HF‐FO and HF‐EO groups. These distinct metabolic improvements in the HF‐EO group is likely attributable to 18:3 n6, as this fatty acid was incorporated into both adipose and muscle tissue at higher levels when compared to the FO or CON groups. Our study suggests that EO improves energy metabolism in HF‐fed mice in part due to enhanced skeletal muscle physiology and reduced visceral fat and hepatic lipid accumulation.