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Thermodynamic activity of components of chromium–nickel steels in the conditions of arc welding

Three main components of the chromium–nickel steels, i.e. iron, chromium and nickel, formed different systems in pairs deviating from the laws of ideal solutions and, consequently, are characterised by different types of interparticle interaction. The thermodynamics of the Fe– Cr–Ni ternary systems have not been investigated, although it determines the majority of the properties of heterogeneous systems: solubility of hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen, the distribution of these gases between the metal and the slag, protection and refining of liquid metal during welding, and many other processes. Using the experimental data for the Fe–Cr, Fe–Ni and Cr–Ni binary systems, and the evaluation of the paired interactions and taking into account the theory of solutions, experiments were carried out to develop the thermodynamic model of Fe–Cr–Ni ternary melts at high temperatures, close to the temperature of the weld pool.