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Reviewing the 20 Years of Operation of Ozonation Facilities in Hanshin Water Supply Authority with Respect to Water Quality Improvements

ABSTRACT More than 20 years have passed since the introduction of advanced water treatment with ozonation and granular activated carbon in the Hanshin Water Supply Authority. Significant improvements have been achieved in eliminating taste and odor compounds in water and in suppressing the formation of disinfection by-products. Regarding the bromate ion, we have managed to suppress its formation by keeping the residual ozone concentration and pH low.