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A Measurement Study of TVWS Wireless Channels in Crop Farms

Operating at lower frequencies than systems such as Wi-Fi, TVWS wireless communication can enable long-range communication in rural communities and can more easily penetrate obstacles (vegetation, terrains). Thus, it is appealing to scenarios where line-of-sight is not always guaranteed. In particular, TVWS communication is a good candidate for supporting precision agriculture such as camera-based plant phenotyping and sensor-based analysis of plant behaviour. Yet there lacks in-depth real-world measurement data on the behavior of TVWS wireless channels in agriculture farms. To fill this gap, we use the field-deployed TVWS network of CyNet to measure TVWS channel behaviour in the Curtiss Research Farm in Ames, Iowa, where the landscape is predominantly composed of soybean and corn fields. We investigate the impact that crop diversity (soybean vs. corn), height and density of corn fields, antennas’ placement and variations of temperature and humidity have on the spatiotemporal behaviour of TVWS channels. This study also helps identify path loss models that best reflect radio propagation characteristics of TVWS systems in corn farms for different antenna heights.