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Recent Advances of Two-Dimensional (2D) Mxenes and Phosphorene for High-Performance Rechargeable Batteries.

Designing and developing advanced electrode materials for high-performance rechargeable batteries have been subjected to extensive studies. Very recently, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have become promising candidates for batteries due to their unique physicochemical properties. In particular, MXenes and phosphorene that exhibit tailored electrical conductivity and ion storage capability have attracted increasing atentions. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of recent advances of 2D MXenes and phosphorene as electrode materials for high-performance batteries. Their physicochemical properties that include structural configurations and electronic properties of MXenes, and direct bandgap and anisotropic properties of phosphorene are firstly discussed. Then, synthesis methods of the two materials are introduced. Following this, their applications as electrode materials in batteries including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries and metal-air batteries are summarized and discussed in details. An emphasis is placed on analyzing performance enhancement mechanisms to to elucidate fundamental understanding. Finally, challenges and opportunities ahead for MXenes and phosphorene as electrode materials for batteries are featured.