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Versatile multiphysics model for thermal runaway estimation of a lithium‐ion battery

This study proposes a fast yet accurate multiphysics model for a lithium‐ion battery (LIB) that estimates multiphysics responses under operational and abuse conditions. The proposed multiphysics model couples a novel electrochemical model and a thermodynamic‐chemical model. The electrochemical model modifies a conventional streamlined model by accounting for the state of charge dependency. The thermodynamic‐chemical model accounts for entropic, ohmic, and chemical reaction heating originating from thermal runaway, thereby replicating the chemical reaction of the main components in a LIB under abuse conditions. The proposed multiphysics model was calibrated through intensive experiments under operational and thermal abuse conditions. A comprehensive analysis revealed that the proposed model accurately estimated the electrochemical‐thermal characteristics of both cells, confirming the accuracy and robustness. Moreover, the proposed method is seven to eight times faster than a pseudo‐two‐dimensional model, implying that the proposed model is effective for elucidating multiphysics thermal runaway phenomena in a three‐dimensional LIB domain. Hence, the proposed model replicates thermal propagation inside a cell under electric abuse conditions. The versatility of the proposed fast yet accurate multiphysics model of LIBs was demonstrated with applications of an optimal cell design and a battery thermal management system.