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Review of Deciphering the Rising Sun: Navy and Marine Corps Codebreakers, Translators, and Interpreters in the Pacific War by Roger Dingman

Deciphering the Rising Sun describes and documents the ‘‘crash’’ program for training Navy and Marine Corps Japanese linguists, which was begun just months before Pearl Harbor. The author Roger Dingman is a former naval officer who was stationed in Japan, a student of Japanese, and a Professor Emeritus in the Department of History of the University of Southern California. Over 50 pages of footnotes, which are taken largely from primary sources (interviews with and correspondence from these Navy and Marine Corps linguists, their families, professors, diplomats, and military personnel), document this program. Much of the material comes from the archives at the University of Colorado, which was one of the training sites. The archive is a project which was begun by naval intelligence Captain Roger Pineau who was a graduate of the program. Dingman concentrates on the development of the initial program: day-to-day training, deployment of graduates, their changing duties due to close contact with Japanese POWs and civilians, their role in the surrender and post war reconstruction, and their post-war careers. In the summer of 1940, Lt. Cdr. Arthur McCollum (who was then at the Office of Naval Intelligence and had been trained as a Japanese linguist in Japan and was at that time one of the few Japanese linguists in the Navy) hired civilian Japanese linguists, notably Albert E. Hindmarsh of Harvard and Florence Walne of Harvard and the University of California, Berkeley, to assist in developing the training program. Schools for training Japanese linguists were established at Harvard and Berkeley in October 1941. Academic ‘‘bickering’’ (for example, over which text to use) and poor performance by Harvard students caused a move to Berkeley in 1942. As a result of the requirement to evacuate Japanese Americans (including many school instructors) from the west coast, the Navy Japanese Language School was established at the University of Colorado, Boulder, which was in the same naval district as Berkeley. The Navy Japanese Language School at the University of Colorado, Boulder was one of 14 schools established during World War II for Japanese language training.