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Advances in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors

Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with different origins, pathobiologies, treatments and prognoses. The collective contributions from the fields of neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, neurology, neuropathology, neuroradiology and molecular biology have all led to significant advances in the treatment of certain brain tumors. Ideas from these fields, under the cooperative umbrella of clinical cancer trial consortia, have been tested in large-scale studies. As a result, patient survivals have increased markedly for these tumor types. Unfortunately, there are certain brain tumors in childhood, such as the diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, for which survival advantages have not been found. This review will discuss the current and possible future therapies of the most common pediatric brain tumors and highlight some of the novel imaging modalities that are used pre- and intraoperatively.