{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.049188906331763475, 'fraction_numerical': 0.02250130821559393, 'mean_word_length': 5.031545741324921, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 2, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The Association Between Diet and Physical Activity on Insulin Resistance in the Women's Interagency HIV Study

Objectives:To evaluate the association of diet and physical activity with insulin resistance (IR) in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. Methods:Cross-sectional analyses of summary dietary measures and physical activity intensity scores obtained from women enrolled in the San Francisco (n = 113) and Chicago (n = 65) Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) sites. IR was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Stepwise regression models assessed the association of diet and physical activity with HOMA-IR after adjustment for demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. Results:Compared with HIV-uninfected women, HIV-infected women were older and more likely to have health insurance. In multivariable analysis including all women, being from San Francisco ( P = 0.005), having a higher mean body mass index (BMI, P < 0.001), and having a higher percent kilocalories from sweets (P = 0.025) were associated with greater HOMA-IR; heavy intensity physical activity (P = 0.006) and annual household income more than $36,000 ( P = 0.02) was associated with a lower HOMA-IR. In analysis limited to HIV-infected women, having a higher body mass index (P < 0.001) and a history of protease inhibitor use (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with higher HOMA-IR; heavy intensity activity (P = 0.06) was marginally associated with lower HOMA-IR and being menopausal (P = 0.05) was marginally associated with higher HOMA-IR. Conclusions:Among urban women with or at risk for HIV-infection, heavy intensity physical activity was associated with lower HOMA-IR, whereas higher percent kilocalories from sweets were associated with higher HOMA-IR. Given the overall health benefits of physical activity and a diet low on sugar, these behaviors should be encouraged whenever possible.