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Changing patterns of actin localization during cell division.

Changing patterns of actin localization have been studied on a light microscopic level by means of fluorescently labeled heavy meromyosin. The cellular distribution of actin is characterized by four major patterns, each of which corresponds to a particular phase of cell division. Long actin fibers are a prominent feature of the interphase cell. They disappear as the cell rounds up for mitosis and are replaced by a diffuse distribution of actin throughout the cytoplasm. During cytokinesis, the actin is localized predominantly in the cleavage furrow. The final shift of actin occurs after the completion of cytokinesis. At this time the actin becomes concentrated in the distal poles of the cell where pseudopods form to pull the daughter cells apart. When the daughter cells have separated, they flatten on the culture dish and the fibrous pattern of actin characteristic of interphase cells returns. All of these changes take place during the 1-hr period required for cell division.