{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03529411764705882, 'fraction_numerical': 0.012834224598930482, 'mean_word_length': 5.733812949640288, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The role of 'significant others' in the management of persistent musculoskeletal pain

It has long been acknowledged that persistent musculoskeletal pain can be influenced by environmental factors, with an important source being the interaction between the pain sufferer and their ‘significant other’ (spouse/partner/relative). It is proposed that significant others can reinforce an individual’s unhelpful pain cognitions, such as fear of movement, catastrophizing, and pessimism about treatment effectiveness, possibly as a result of their own unhelpful beliefs about pain (Leonard et al, 2006, McCluskey et al, 2014a). It has also been shown that overly-solicitous behavior from significant others can reinforce potentially detrimental behaviors in their relatives with pain, such as over-use of pain medication, disturbed gait or limping, unduly resting/lying down, seeking compensation, or absence from work (Haughli et al, 2011).