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An interactive 3D model of the cranial nerve and brainstem nuclei for enhanced learning of neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy is a complex sub‐discipline of anatomy that requires abstract thinking and strong spatial reasoning. Traditional methods of learning include dissection, diagrams, and histology. This pedagogical approach requires students to formulate three‐dimensional (3D) mental images from two‐dimensional (2D) cross‐sections. Previous studies demonstrate students with lower spatial abilities have difficulty learning the anatomy of the brainstem nuclei partly due to their inability to conceptualize topography. The purpose of this study was to design and implement a 3D model of the cranial nerve and brainstem nuclei into an online learning tool that highlights their spatial relationships. The second purpose was to test the learning tool against traditional methods. This tool was compared to a classical approach using a randomized, cross‐over design. It is hypothesized that while subject to the same learning objectives, students learning with the 3D tool demonstrate enhanced knowledge of the spatial relationships of the nuclei compared to the students who learned through the classical approach. A standardized test and an open‐ended questionnaire were used to measure efficacy and student preferences. Information from this study will help guide the formation of new e‐learning tools that are becoming pervasive in anatomical sciences.