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Chapter 2 A novel application of wet-oxidation to retrieve carbonates from large , organic-rich samples for application in climate research

2.1 Abstract For ocean-climate research, carbonates are extracted from large organic-rich bulk sediments for specific geochemical analyses. This is conventionally achieved by time-consuming dry-oxidation or non-oxidative pre-processing. To significantly shorten sample preparation time we designed and evaluated a rapid technique that uses sequential wet-oxidization of bulk samples in a hot alkaline 18% H 2 O 2 solution. We successfully tested this wet-oxidation technique on multiple bulk aliquots from two sediment trap samples and core top sediments that were also processed by dry-oxidation and without oxidation. From all aliquots four calcitic foraminifera species and an aragonitic juvenile bivalve from the 250 – 315µm fraction were analyzed for size-normalized weight (SNW), δ 18 O, δ 13 C, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca. In addition, these proxies were determined on powdered bulk aliquots from the 150 – 250µm fraction processed by wet-oxidation, dry-oxidation and without oxidation. At an initial pH of 8 and temperature of 70°C the alkaline H 2 O 2 solution appeared to be most stable and reactive. Carbonate dissolution did not occur as no reduction was observed in SNW of the four foraminifera species G. ruber, G. trilobus, N. dutertrei, G. bulloides and the aragonitic bivalve shells. For sediment traps the δ 18 O and δ 13 C between the three cleaning methods only deviated between 0.05 – 0.3‰ compared to 0.1 – 0.6‰ in sediments, with equally small variation in Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios (0.1 – 0.4 mmol/mol). Lowest Ba/Ca ratios show that wet-oxidation successfully removed organic matter along with residual salts. No significant systematic