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Cytomegalovirus DNA in the sera of patients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia

Summary We attempted to detect cytomegalovirus DNA (CMV‐DNA) in the sera of four leukaemia patients who underwent an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT), in six leukaemia patients who suffered from pneumonia and in 16 healthy subjects, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three of the four BMT patients subsequently developed CMV pneumonia. In two cases, CMV‐DNA was detected in the sera at about the time the pneumonia occurred, and the amount of DNA increased with disease progression. The serum of the third patient became positive for CMV‐DNA before he developed pneumonia. The fourth patient did not develop CMV pneumonia, but his urine became persistently positive for CMV‐DNA soon after the BMT, whereas the serum was negative. A relationship was found between the occurrence of pneumonia and the serum level of CMV‐DNA. CMV‐DNA was also detected in three of six pneumonia patients whose anti‐CMV IgM antibodies were elevated in the circulation. Sera from the 16 normal subjects were negative for CMV‐DNA, regardless of their being seropositive or seronegative for CMV.