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Structures of Exploitation

Although the term ‘exploitation’ is widely used, there is little agreement about the precise cut-off point between exploitative and non-exploitative relations. The chapter argues that the reason for this is that background structural factors need to be taken into account in determining whether or not a relationship is exploitative, and it is likely that there will be differing moral assessments of those background factors. Furthermore, although background conditions affect whether a relation is exploitative, they do not fully determine whether the ‘fairness’ or ‘flourishing’ norms intrinsic to exploitation are violated. The argument is illustrated through discussion of the Marxist and Perfect Market approaches to exploitation.