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Apoptotic death in cerebral hemisphere cells is density dependent and modulated by transient oxygen and glucose deprivation

Flow cytometry, light and fluorescence microscopy, and designated biochemical techniques were used to examine the type of death which occurs in cerebral cortex cells when grown under crowded vs. sparse conditions or after brief anoxia/hypoglycemia. A 4 hr episode of anoxia combined with glucose deprivation enhanced apoptotic cell death as assessed by 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining and reduced neutral red dye uptake. An additional form of cell death involving exclusion of the nucleus was recorded by time lapse cinematography and DAPI stain. The presence of the endonuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid (0.1 mM) reduced cell death by 56.6%, while the protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors actinomycin D and cycloheximide (each at 5 μg/ml) effectively decreased cell death by 83.3% and 90.6%, respectively. In contrast, 5 mM glutamate had no effect on cell death in accord with the immature state of the cells. Growth of cells under crowded conditions improved cell survival; after 2 or 4 days in culture, cells seeded at high density (34 μg cellular DNA/cm2) showed a nearly 3‐fold decline in the amount of cell death in comparison to cells seeded at low density (5 μg cellular DNA/cm2). At high cell density, anoxic episodes enhanced cell death most likely by preventing a cell density‐mediated rescue. Neutral red dye uptake, an index for cell viability, was enhanced with increasing cell density and in vitro maturation, but was reduced in dense cultures exposed to anoxic/hypoglycemic conditions. The data suggest that cell density may play a critical role in brain organogenesis and that anoxic stress is more deleterious in dense than sparse cell assemblies. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss Inc.