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The Realities of the Russian Countryside

More and more often in the past few years, a number of “postulates” have been proclaimed in various combinations and juxtapositions, explicitly or disguised, with various reservations, in large and small scientific, pseudoscientific, and unscientific publications by “agriculture experts” and “nonexperts” in the mass media, and in public statements by government and civic leaders, concerning issues relating to the Russian countryside today. These “postulates” can be boiled down to the following assertions: (1) the profitability of agricultural production is increasing; (2) village dwellers have land that they can sell or mortgage to obtain starting capital for entrepreneurship or to live on the income; (3) a peasant is always able to feed himself from his household farm operation; (4) both “grey” and “black” employment are very widespread in the countryside, and this is why village dwellers are living better than the statistics show; (5) things have stabilized, people have adapted, the economy is beginning to be revitalized, and people’s standard of living is rising; (6) now that peasants have become landowners, they are free people, in contrast to the time when they were serfs dependent on their “red landlords”; and (7) the monetarization of benefits in accordance with Federal Law 122 has