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Peace Without Justice: Obstacles to Building the Rule of Law in El Salvador (review)

International financial institutions (The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the Inter-American Development Bank) and development organizations (the United Nations Development Program), as well as governments (the United States and European nations) have funneled millions of dollars into justice reform programs in Latin America. United Nations and foreign consultants have provided advice and oversight to many such justice reform projects. The majority of Latin American countries are still receiving significant aid for judicial reform. Several factors have motivated this widespread international commitment to judicial reform in Latin America. These include the desire to improve the stability of transitioning democracies, to promote economic development and foreign investment, and to further the government donor’s own foreign policy. The assessment of the success of these judicial reform efforts in Latin America varies widely, depending on who is polled. For example, agencies leading the justice reform projects, like the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), in attempting to secure grants that continue justice reform projects in Latin America, insist that their programs are “on track” and have contributed to the consolidation of Latin America’s democratic institutions.1 In contrast, several scholars and Latin American experts, while recognizing some successes, have criticized the motivations, the methodologies, and the effectiveness of such internationally sponsored justice reform projects in Latin America.2 Popkin is one of these critical scholars who provides a detailed account of the significant international involvement in the justice reform efforts in El Salvador and an insightful analysis of what went wrong.3 Popkin opens her account with the lament that, the Salvadoran justice system, almost a decade after the signing of historic Salvadoran peace accords, is incapable of delivering justice for past and present crimes, even as a frustrated Salvadoran public experiences crime in epic proportions and a growing acceptance of vigilantism. Popkin’s