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Two sides of the same coin: The New Communities’ Program, grassroots organizations, and leadership development in two Chicago neighborhoods

ABSTRACT Studies on community development have demonstrated that the presence of local nonprofits with ties to political and economic power holders may lead to a silencing of community voices or a narrowing of civic activity. These studies often overlook intra-neighborhood dynamics and the multiplicity of local organizational responses to broader development initiatives. Using a case study of the New Communities Program (NCP) in 2 low-income neighborhoods of Chicago, I analyze the strategies, programming practices, and tactics implemented by 2 distinct types of community organizations: nonprofit lead agencies and grassroots organizations. Whereas the lead agencies focused on NCP goals of social service provision and relationship building, the grassroots organizations combined community development practices with community organizing in order to expand local development and increase resident leadership skills. These processes, though complementary, also highlight the growing divide between formal development policies that aim to transform the individual and local responses that aim to transform structural inequities.