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Gene and nutrient interaction in obesity: trans fatty acid intake and genetic risk score interaction in a multiethnic sample of children

Associations of trans fatty acids (TFA) consumption with obesity may be mediated by individual's genetic background. We hypothesized that adiposity in children may be explained by the interaction of TFA intake and obesity genetic risk score. Fat mass index (FMI = fat mass/height2) and BMI were calculated for 279 children of European‐, African‐ and Hispanic‐American background (EA, AA, HA, respectively). Fat mass was determined using dual x‐ray absorptiometry, TFA intake was obtained from 24 hour dietary recall. Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated from 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms by counting the number of obesity‐risk alleles. Association models evaluating the interaction of GRS and TFA were adjusted by standard covariates and genetic admixture. Significant GRS × TFA interactions were obtained for BMI and FMI (p= 0.0203 and 0.0055 respectively) in the total sample. In EA children, interaction of GRS and TFA intake was significantly associated with BMI and FMI (p=0.0433 and 0.0215 respectively); however, the interaction was not significant in AA or HA children. In the entire sample, the interaction model explained more of the variability for FMI and BMI (2.54% and 1.9% respectively) than a model with GRS alone. Our results support that dietary contributions to adiposity may be dependent on genetic background, a relevant finding for obesity prevention strategies.