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What is Justice? Complaints about Courts in Interwar Yugoslavia

In Yugoslavia of the 1920s, there was a hope that courts might create trust which was utterly lacking in the political sphere. This paper, based on petitions to the Ministry of Justice in the 1920s and 1930s, indicates that the judicial system was unable to fulfill these expectations due to its own dysfunctionalities. Among these we find a lack of financing, well-trained staff, political influence, clientelism, and corruption. Peasant petitioners saw themselves as victims of the judicial system which did not act according to their own ideas about justice. Their reactions reached from formal complaints to simple bribing or self-justice. Anti-corruption in the Eastern parts of the country was attempted in a centralized manner through the Ministry of Justice, while Dalmatian judges tried to contain corruption within their ranks on a regional level, seeing themselves as an estate (stalež) obliged to maintain its honour against the allegedly corrupting influences from Belgrade. 42 Mungiu-Pippidi, The Quest for Good Governance, 116.