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MicroRNAs as Biomarker for Breast Cancer.

Regardless of advances in detection and treatment, breast cancer is a major cause of women death and affecting about 1.5 million women all over the world. Since the last decade, genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been extensively conducted for breast cancer to define the role of miRNA as a tool for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that are associated with regulation of key cellular processes such as cell multiplication, differentiation, and death. They cause disturbance in the cell physiology by interfering directly with the translation and stability of a targeted gene transcript. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute large family of non-coding RNAs which regulate target gene expression and protein levels that affect several human diseases and are suggested as the novel markers or therapeutic targets, including breast cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are not only associated with metastasis, tumor genesis but also used as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis or prognosis. These are explained in detail in the following review. This review will also provide an impetus for more studies on the role of microRNAs in breast cancer.