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[Patients with kidney disease].

For patients with kidney disease it is particularly important to secure normovolaemia before anaesthesia. By providing the volume that secures a maximal venous oxygen saturation or a maximal cardiac output, such a volume can be defined with an accuracy of 100-200 ml. Surgical procedures for the kidney patient are dominated by providing an i.v. access. The internal jugular vein is preferred after identification of its lumen by ultrasound.