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Using the Origin and Pawn, Positive Affect, CASPM, and Cognitive Anxiety Content Analysis Scales in Counseling Research

Abstract Content analysis scales apply rigorous measurement to verbal communications and make possible the quantification of text in counseling research. The limitations of the Origin and Pawn Scales (M. T Westbrook & L. L Viney. 1980). the Positive Affect Scale (M. T. Westbrook, 19 76), the Content Analysis Scales of Psychosocial Maturity (CASPM, L. L. Viney & A. M. Tych. 1985), and the Cognitive Anxiety Scale (L. L Viney & M T. Westbrook. 1976) are here described, as are their conceptual underpinnings, the psychometrics of their scores, and examples of their use in counseling research.