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Concurrently burrowing host fly larvae reciprocally enhance pupation depth to minimise parasitism risk

1. Variation in parasitism risk among hosts is a key factor influencing host–parasitoid interactions; however, within‐patch variation (as opposed to between‐patch variation) in parasitism risk has hardly been studied. This study investigated the mechanisms of within‐patch variation in parasitism risk in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae).