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Different influencing mechanisms of two ENSO types on the interannual variation in diurnal SST over the Niño 3 and 4 regions

In this paper, the different effects of the eastern equatorial Pacific (EP) and central equatorial Pacific (CP) El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on interannual variation in the diurnal sea surface temperature (SST) are explored in both the Niño 3 and Niño 4 regions. In the Niño 3 region, the diurnal SST anomaly (DSSTA) is negative during both EP and CP El Niño events and becomes positive during both EP and CP La Niña events. However, the DSSTA in the Niño 4 region is positive in El Niño years and negative in La Niña years, which is opposite to that in the Niño 3 region. Further analysis indicates that the incident shortwave radiation (SWR), wind stress (WS), and upward latent heat flux (LHF) are the main factors causing the interannual variation in the DSST. In the Niño 3 region, the decreased/increased SWR and the increased (decreased) LHF lead to the negative (positive) DSSTA in EP El Niño (La Niña) years. In addition, the enhanced (reduced) WS and the increased (decreased) LHF cause the negative (positive) DSSTA in CP El Niño (La Niña) years. In the Niño 4 region, the reduced (enhanced) trade wind plays a key role in producing in the positive (negative) DSSTA, while the decreased (increased) SWR has an opposite effect that reduces/increases the range of the DSSTA during both EP and CP El Niño (La Niña) events.