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DNAM-1: an amplifier of immune responses as a therapeutic target in various disorders.

The co-stimulatory adhesion molecule DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1) is a functional glycoprotein expressed on immune cells, such as natural killer and T-cells. It is activated upon interaction with its biological ligands, the poliovirus receptor and nectin-2. Signaling cascades involving stimulation of DNAM-1 lead to various biological responses, including target cell lysis and immune cell activation. Thus, DNAM-1 appears to be an integral molecule in immune responses in cancer, allergic inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. The structure of DNAM-1, its mechanism of action and its effects in pathological scenarios are discussed.