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The Persistence and Characteristics of Chinook Salmon Migrations to the Upper Klamath River Prior to Exclusion by Dams

© 2016 Oregon Historical Society FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS, the Klamath (or Ewksiknii), Modoc, and Yahooskin band of Snake Indians — joined today as the Klamath Tribes — have inhabited the upstream portion of the Klamath River watershed, now part of Oregon. Early accounts by non-Indians visiting the area describe the Native people as primarily dependent on fishing, rather than hunting.1 The Columbia River and the Klamath River, with its vast watershed covering 40,790 square kilometers, provide the only Pacific salmon habitat east of the Cascade mountain range in the United States. The harvest and the migration of ocean-going salmon in the Klamath River are prominent in Tribal culture and oral history.2 The following Indian legend about the Klamath River seems especially relevant today, as various interests are working to restore salmon migrations: