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Effect of maternal smoking on hemoglobins and hematocrits of the newborn.


 The progeny of smokers had higher 48-hour hemoglobin and hematocrit levels than that of nonsmokers in this study, based on 10,399 clinically-normal term white infants. This effect could not be accounted for by 1) per capita income; 2) maternal pre-pregnancy weight or maternal stature; or 3) placental weight/birth-weight ratio, and was found to be proportionately related to the level of maternal smoking. The response of the progeny in utero to maternal smoking during pregnancy clearly is an increase in 1) red cell volume suggesting oxygen deprivation during gestation, and 2) hemoglobin concentration; consequently the progeny are likely to enter the postnatal period with a larger fetal iron reserve. This result is considered nutritionally relevant.
