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Escalation in mucus cystatin 2, pappalysin‐A, and periostin levels over time predict need for recurrent surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is treated using oral/topical steroids and surgery. Despite maximal medical therapy, some patients remain recalcitrant. Mucus cystatin 2, pappalysin‐A, and periostin can predict the presence of CRSwNP and correlate with disease severity. This study was designed to determine whether prospective sampling of these mucus proteins could predict medical failure and the need for revision surgery.