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Linearly working low-light-level imaging method for luminescence applications

We propose a two-stage linearly working integration method for low light level imaging systems. The influence of integration and background substraction on the signal to noise ratio is discussed in the paper. The introduced linear approach avoids thresholding and creates images with enhanced spatial resolution. After 5 minutes integration time the system reaches a sensitivity of 0.6 Photons/(Pixel X second). The linearity of the system can be checked with a suitable calibration device. We propose an electronic light standard with a pulsed LED, that allows us to cover a wide range of brightness by variation of the pulse frequency. Very low light intensities of luminescence can be produced in a stable and reproducible manner. The system has powerful software functions for bioluminescence applications like bacterial cloning as well as measurement functions for chemiluminescence applications within the DNA or protein blotting. Utilities for documentation, image printing, and data export to spreadsheet or graphics programs are also provided.