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Variations of electric potential in the xylem of tree trunks associated with water content rhythms.

Instantaneous electrical responses in plants have been widely studied, but the mechanism of spontaneous, periodic electric potential alternations in the xylem of tree trunks remains controversial. The generation of the electric potential can be explained by the electrode potential that depends on ion concentrations near electrodes. However, several different hypotheses about its periodic variations have been proposed, including streaming potential, ion diffusion, charge transport, and oxygen turnover. Here we performed long-term measurements on the electric potential and water content in the xylem of trees, and observed changes in the electric potential and transpiration rate in response to varied numbers of leaves, light radiation, temperature, and relative air humidity. The electric potential presented a distinct seasonal trend combining with daily rhythms, and could be affected by environmental changes. Rapid changes in the electric potential lagged behind those of transpiration rate routinely, but their change ranges were proportional. Both annual and diurnal patterns of the electric potential were synchronous with water content in the trees. Moreover, potential function relationships between the electric potential and water content were found. Accordingly, we proposed a new perspective that the variations of the electric potential in tree xylem could be associated with water content rhythms.