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The Personal Characteristics and Environmental Circumstances of Successful Women Musicians

This study investigated the personal characteristics and environmental circumstances of successful U.S. and European women in music and compared these findings with 14 specific characteristics from previous research on eminent people and high-achieving adolescent girls. Data were gathered through a survey questionnaire completed by 60 professional musicians and 61 trained female musicians who decided against a career in music, and 12 interviews of professional women musicians. Results indicated that both groups surveyed appeared to have many of the characteristics of other eminent and high-achieving people. Differences in personal characteristics suggested that professional musicians are highly self-directed, motivated, less conforming to gender stereotypes, and aware of a career goal at an early age. Differences in environmental circumstances suggested that professional musicians come from highly musical families and may come from homes either without brothers or with much younger brothers.