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Hypotension During Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure Is Independently Associated With 30-Day Mortality: Findings From ASCEND-HF

Background—Outcomes associated with episodes of hypotension while hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure are not well understood. Methods and Results—Using data from Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure (ASCEND-HF), we assessed factors associated with in-hospital hypotension and subsequent 30-day outcomes. Patients were classified as having symptomatic or asymptomatic hypotension. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with in-hospital hypotension, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between hypotension and 30-day outcomes. We also tested for treatment interaction with nesiritide on 30-day outcomes and the association between in-hospital hypotension and renal function at hospital discharge. Overall, 1555 of 7141 (21.8%) patients had an episode of hypotension, of which 73.1% were asymptomatic and 26.9% were symptomatic. Factors strongly associated with in-hospital hypotension included randomization to nesiritide (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–2.23; P<0.001), chronic metolazone therapy (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.17–2.60; P<0.001), and baseline orthopnea (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.13–1.52; P=0.001) or S3 gallop (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06–1.40; P=0.006). In-hospital hypotension was associated with increased hazard of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.57–2.61; P<0.001), 30-day heart failure hospitalization or mortality (hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.34–1.86; P<0.001), and 30-day all-cause hospitalization or mortality (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.22–1.61; P<0.001). Nesiritide had no interaction on the relationship between hypotension and 30-day outcomes (interaction P=0.874 for death, P=0.908 for death/heart failure hospitalization, P=0.238 death/all-cause hospitalization). Conclusions—Hypotension while hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure is an independent risk factor for adverse 30-day outcomes, and its occurrence highlights the need for modified treatment strategies. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00475852.