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Blood flow: a mediator of ovarian function.

Historically, hormones from the adenohypophysis have been shown to be important in regulating the corpus luteum of mammals. However, complete understanding of the interactions between the adenohypophyseal hormones and other endocrinological and physiological factors which control luteal function has remained elusive. The relationships between the gonadotropic hormones and the physiological activity of the ovaries have been the subject of several recent reviews (Ross et al., 1970; Vande Wide et al., 1970; Niswender et al., 1972; Hansel et al., 1973; Midgley et al., 1973; and Nalbandov, 1973). In all of these reviews LU has been implicated as the endocrine factor primarily responsible for the control of luteal function. Yet, when endogenous levels of LU and progesterone are quantified throughout the reproductive cycle in women (Midgley and Jaffe, 1966; Ross et al., 1967), monkeys (Neill et al., 1967; Niswender and Spies, 1973), rats (Gay et al., 1970), sheep (Niswender et al., 1968; Niswender, 1974), pigs (Niswender et al., 1970; Henricks et al., 1972; Wilfinger et al., 1973) or cattle (Henricks et al., 1970; Swanson and Hafs, 1970; Hansel and Echternkamp, 1972) levels of LU are at their nadir when secretion of progesterone is maximal. These findings are difficult to interpret if LU is the hormone responsible for regulation of luteal function. The situation is even more confusing when one considers that LU stimulates the synthesis of progesterone when incubated with slices of human (Savard et al., 1965;Marsh and LeMaire, 1974), bovine (Savard et al., 1965; Marsh et at., 1966; Armstrong and Black, 1966), ovine (Kaltenbach et al., 1967) or porcine (Cook et al., 1967) luteal tissue in vitro. Additionally, LH