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Screening Procedures for Chloramphenicol Residue Determination in Serum, Milk, and Feedstuff Using Immunochromatographic Assay

The technology developed from this study is based on an immunochromatographic procedure that utilizes antigen-antibody properties using membrane carriers with immobilized immunoreactants and provides rapid and out-of-laboratory techniques. An evaluation of a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for chloramphenicol (CAP) residue detection in serum, milk and feed is described. Polyclonal antibodies against CAP were produced using CAP-IPA-MAA-ABA-bovine serum albumin (CAP-ed-BSA) conjugate as the immunogen, which exhibited no cross-reactivities with applied competitors in the studied concentration range. The test strip assay could be completed within 7 min, with a visual detection limit of 0.3 μg kg−1 CAP in serum and milk and 0.5 μg kg−1 CAP in feed. The established strip assay performed similarly as a commercial ELISA assay: the CAP test strip revealed a sensitivity of 90% (89–92%) and a specificity of 94% (91–98%), which showed appreciable accuracy and precision. The described strip is rapid, simple and cost-effective as well as sensitive and specific enough for reliable and accurate on-site screening.