{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02952755905511811, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005905511811023622, 'mean_word_length': 5.3930817610062896, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The Potential Protective Impact of Spirulina on Cisplatin Induced-Renal Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study

Introduction: Cisplatin (CP) is regarded as a prevalent anticancer medication utilized against several cancer types. Spirulina (SP), a blue–green alga, has been utilized as a nutritional supplementation, in addition to other therapeutic enforcement. Spirulina includes lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins including a pigmented protein and b-carotene besides some vital minerals. Objectives: The present study was carried out to verify the toxic impacts of cisplatin on kidney of the rat and the probable protective role of spirulina platensis supplementation. Material and methods: The twenty-four rats were randomly categorized into three equal groups (eight rats/each). Group I (Control Group): Eight rats were subdivided into two subgroups, four rats each: Group I-a: Four rats did not undergo any experiments and received only food and water for 8 days. Group I-b: Four rats received Spirulina (500 mg/kg) body weight orally by using a gastric tube for 8 days. Group II: The animals were administrated a single dose of cisplatin 6 mg/kg body weight intra-peritoneal. Group III: Each rat received Spirulina (500 mg/kg) body weight orally for 8 days and cisplatin 6 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal on day 4. Results: cisplatin showed extensive tubular damage as wide vacuolations in tubular epithelium, pyknotic nuclei and distortion of renal corpuscles showing widening of Bowman’s space with adherence of glomerular capillary tuft to the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule. Administration of spirulina showed regeneration of tubular epithelium and presence of tubular brush border and apparently normal lumen. Conclusion: Cisplatin resulted in histological as well as biochemical changes in the kidney of adult male rats. Administration of spirulina with cisplatin attenuated these negative impacts which can be attributed to the antioxidant activity.