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The effect of varying specimens’ printing angles to the bed surface on the tensile strength of 3D-printed 17-4PH stainless-steels via metal FFF additive manufacturing

We fabricated 17-4PH stainless-steel specimens via Fused Filament Fabrication (metal FFF). Then, we studied the effect of varying specimens’ printing angles to the bed surface (part orientation) by analyzing the tensile test and scanning electron microscopy results. We found anisotropy, where specimens printed at 90° exhibited the lowest tensile-stress-at-maximum-load of 440.15 MPa and elongation-at-break of 0.83%, compared to specimens printed at 0° of 947.26 MPa and 2.98%, respectively. We recommend printing angles from 0° to 10° to achieve optimum tensile strengths. This study is significant in ensuring quality for the deployment and scale-up of spare-part production via metal FFF.
 Graphic abstract