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A Green Route to Mass Production of Anhydrous Triammonium Citrate

Triammonium citrate was manufactured by using neutralization of citric acid solution with liquid ammonia directly. Compared with conventional route using ammonium bicarbonate or aqueous ammonia as neutralizer, the method has advantages of simple technology process, 100% raw materials utilization ratio and totally zero emission during mass production；while the raw materials utilization ratio was only 22.8% and 48.6% for using ammonium bicarbonate or aqueous ammonia as neutralizer under the same conditions. Furthermore, the proposed green route to production of triammonium citrate will save at least 813.3 kJ and 948.4 kJ of energy for manufacturing each kilogram of product than using NH4HCO3 and NH3•H2O (25%) as neutralizer, respectively. Introduction