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Geoarchaeology from landscapes to material culture: Papers from the 7th Developing International Geoarchaeology conference

Geoarchaeologists’ can be both geoscientists applying their expertise to archaeological problems or archaeologists using methods from geosciences, and it is a sub-discipline both of archaeology and geography, closely aligned to Quaternary science, and operates across the full-range of spatiotemporal scales. While geosciences and archaeology have obvious overlaps, particularly in the study of long-term environmental change and earth materials, the disciplines are distinctive with their own histories and traditions, and modes of training. The diversity of what comprises a geoarchaeologist is even more pronounced at an international level where archaeology falls variously under anthropology in North America, and as a historical discipline in the UK and Europe. Increasingly in the latter, it is seen as a highly scientific discipline, that nevertheless has a strong humanities component. The disciplines of archaeology and geology developed parallel to each other in 19 century Europe, linked to geological, paleontological, and paleoanthropological discoveries that transformed our understanding of the earth’s history (Pollard 1999). In North America, geoarchaeology emerged in the 20 century as one of many subfields of anthropological archaeology necessitated by the increasingly complex questions emerging from archaeological research (Waters 1992). Despite these different historical trajectories, geoarchaeological research in Europe and North America is unified in a common goal of enhancing our interpretation of human history, and increasingly we are seeing a greater integration of approaches.