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Whole Cranberry Powder Promotes Bifidobacterium infantis Attenuation of Disease Activity in Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Induced Colitis in Mice

Synbiotic therapy (combinations of prebiotic and probiotics) may alleviate inflammatory bowel diseases. Whole cranberry powder (WCP) has a potential prebiotic role in promoting the anti‐inflammatory activity of probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (Bi). We studied the effects of WCP and Bi on disease activity and biomarkers of inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) murine model of colitis. Female BALB/c mice (6 wk old; n=48) consumed AIN‐93G control or diet supplemented with Bi, Bi+1% WCP, or Bi+3% WCP for 21 d. Diets were formulated to provide a daily dose of 1‐2x109 cfu Bi/mouse. Colitis was induced with 3% DSS in the drinking water during the last 7 d. There was no difference in body weight between treatments. Colitis induction was evident by elevation of disease activity index in the DSS control group on d 16‐21. Supplementation with Bi alone lowered (P<0.05) disease activity scores until d 19. The addition of Bi+WCP further delayed the onset of colitis until d 20. Bi+1% WCP increased (P<0.05) cecum weights compared to Bi alone. Bi alone increased (P<0.05) glutathione peroxidase activity in red blood cells compared to control, suggesting anti‐inflammatory activity. Following Bi+3% WCP intervention, interleukin 2 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor were elevated (P<0.05) in colon explant culture supernatants. Hence, WCP promotes Bi activity against colitis by delaying the onset of disease severity and by modulating inflammation.