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Timing and duration of the life cycle of Asian longhorn beetle Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in southern England

In March 2012, an outbreak of Asian longhorn beetle Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a quarantine pest that is highly damaging to broadleaved trees, was discovered at Paddock Wood in southern England. Infested trees were felled as part of an eradication programme, but material that contained A. glabripennis life stages was retained and analyzed to provide information on the timing and length of the life cycle, as an aid to future management and surveillance. A total of 366 A. glabripennis larvae were recovered, including 69 first‐ and second‐instar larvae found in June and July before any adults were found in the samples or had emerged, which indicated that the majority of eggs were laid in the previous autumn and over‐wintered before hatching. Tree ring analysis and predictions of the timing of adult emergence based on degree‐day accumulation also indicated that adults emerged late in the season, from August onwards, when lower temperatures would have caused most eggs to delay hatching until the next year. Two cohorts of older, established larvae were present in the samples, corresponding to larvae that had over‐wintered once and twice, respectively. Thus, most larvae required two seasons to complete their development after hatching and a total of 3 years to complete the full life cycle from egg to adult.