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Regulatory volume decrease in nematocytes isolated from acontia of Aiptasia diaphana.

Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and the mechanisms of its regulation were investigated in microbasic mastigophore nematocytes isolated from the acontia of Aiptasia diaphana (Coelenterates, Cnidaria), a marine species that can be exposed to considerable changes in osmotic pressure. Exposure of isolated cells to a 35% hypoosmotic shock lead to the expected osmotic swelling followed by a rapid RVD. RVD was blocked if Ca2+ influx was prevented either by applying a Ca2+-free medium or by treating the cells with Gd3+. Furthermore, the calmodulin action inhibitor trifluoperazine (TFP), prevented RVD and also caused a larger swelling than that induced by preventing Ca2+ influx. Treatment of nematocytes with quinine completely blocked the RVD. Such an effect was prevented by gramicidine. A partial inhibition of RVD was caused by treatment with 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). It is concluded that: i) the nematocytes regulate volume under hypoosmotic shock; ii) the regulatory mechanisms consist mainly in increased conductance to K+, and consequently, of Cl-, and, to a lesser extent, in H+/K+-Cl-/HCO3- exchange, and iii) the ionic fluxes are triggered by increased [Ca2+]i with the possible involvement of calmodulin.