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Manipulation of effector and memory cd8+ T cells via IL-2-antibody complexes

The protective capacity of CD8 T cells depends on both their quantity and quality (4, 119, 122-124). Efforts to manipulate activation signals to enhance effector CD8 T cell responses include DC–based vaccines, mAb therapy activating co-signaling molecules, cytokine administration, or adjuvants. Each strategy alone has the capacity to increase aspects of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) number and function; however, numerous studies support the use of combinatorial approaches to elicit the most robust responses (36). Here, I combine peptide-pulsed DC therapy with IL-2c treatment to enhance number and cytotoxic function of both NK cells and CD8 T cells. Specifically, this immunization strategy led to activation of NK cells to produce higher granzyme B, and an increase in 41BB and GITR expression, granzyme B production, CTL:Treg ratio, and per-cell killing capacity of CD8 T cells. These effector changes occur without the induction of T cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms, such as inhibitory receptor expression, and are generalizable across different genetic backgrounds and antigen specificities. Of note, IL-2c treatment of αCD3-stimulated human CD8 T cells also resulted in higher number and granzyme B production, supporting the translational potential of this approach for the treatment of multiple human diseases.