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Compaction Density Evaluation Model of Sand-Gravel Dam Based on Elman Neural Network With Modified Particle Swarm Optimization

The compaction density of sand-gravel materials has a strong gradation correlation, mainly affected by some material source parameters such as P5 content (material proportion with particle size greater than 5 mm), maximum particle size and curvature coefficient. When evaluating the compaction density of sand-gravel materials, the existing compaction density evaluation models have poor robustness and adaptability because they do not take into full consideration the impact of material source parameters. To overcome the shortcomings of existing compaction density models, this study comprehensively considers the impact of material source parameters and compaction parameters on compaction density. Firstly, asymmetric data were fused and a multi-source heterogeneous dataset was established for compaction density analysis. Then, the Elman neural network optimized by the adaptive simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed to establish the compaction density evaluation model. Finally, a case study of the Dashimen water conservancy project in China is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that this model performs high-precision evaluation of the compaction density at any position of the entire working area which can timely correct the weak area of compaction density on the spot, and reduce the number of test pit tests.