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Causes of osteoporosis in males. A review of 160 cases.

BACKGROUND
The discovery of osteoporosis in a male requires a careful search for a cause.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate etiologic factors in male osteoporosis.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Males admitted to our department for osteoporosis were included if they had a nontrauma-related vertebral or peripheral fracture and/or a spinal or femoral neck bone mineral density value 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean in young subjects. The study was retrospective from 1990 to 1995 and prospective from 1996 to 1997. During the prospective part of the study, each subject underwent a standardized battery of laboratory tests including renal tubular function parameters. Causes identified during these two periods were compared.


RESULTS
Of the 160 patients included in the study, 28.1% had idiopathic osteoporosis, 22.5% had alcoholic osteoporosis, 19.4% had glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 12.5% had osteoporosis due to moderate idiopathic proximal tubule dysfunction, and 8.8% had senile osteoporosis. The proportion of patients with idiopathic osteoporosis was 30% (23/76) during the retrospective part of the study and 26% (21/84) during the prospective part (nonsignificant difference). Moderate idiopathic proximal tubule dysfunction was found in 2.6% (2/76) and 21.4% (18/84) of patients during these two parts of the study, respectively, a difference ascribable to the routine determination of tubule function parameters during the second part of the study.


CONCLUSION
An exhaustive search for a cause decreases the proportion of male osteoporosis cases that remain idiopathic. In our study, only 28% of cases were classified as idiopathic, a term that probably indicates involvement of multiple interrelated factors.