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General Defense Response under Biotic Stress and Its Genetics at Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Since the beginning of resistance breeding, protection of plants against pathogens has relied on specific resistance genes encoding rapid tissue death. Our work has demonstrated in different host–pathogen relationships that plants can defend themselves against pathogens by cell growth and cell division. We first demonstrated this general defence response (GDR) in plants by identifying the gds gene in pepper. Subsequently, the existence of a genetic system for tissue defence became apparent and we set the goal to analyse it. The gdr 1 + 2 genes, which operate the complete GDR system, protect plant tissues from pathogens in a direcessive homozygous state in both host and non-host relationships. The inheritance pattern of the two genes follows a 12:3:1 cleavage of the dominant epistasis. With the knowledge of the gds and gdr 1 + 2 genes, the role of tissue-preserving (GDR) and tissue-destructive (HR) pathways in disease development and their relationship was determined. The genes encoding the general defence response have a low stimulus threshold and are not tissue-destructive and pathogen-specific. They are able to fulfil the role of the plant immune system by providing a general response to various specific stresses. This broad-spectrum general defence system is the most effective in the plant kingdom.