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A wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator for formaldehyde gas monitoring

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have broad application prospects in energy havesting and self-powered sensing devices. In this paper, a wind-driven TENG based on Ti3C2Tx MXene/amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MXene/NH2-MWCNTs) was developed for formaldehyde gas monitoring. The power supply and gas sensor were successfully integrated into one device. The MXene/NH2-MWCNTs with formaldehyde sensing property work both as a frictional layer and electrode in the TENG. The peak-to-peak value of open-circuit voltage from the wind-driven TENG can reach up to 136 V. The output voltage is obviously reduced in varying degrees after being exposed to formaldehyde with different concentrations, resulting from the change of electroconductivity of MXene/NH2-MWCNTs, which is the design principle of the self-powered formaldehyde gas sensor. Meanwhile, the self-powered formaldehyde gas sensor exhibits high response and low detection limit of 10 ppb at room temperature. This work proposes a new thought to design the self-powered formaldehyde sensor, which has the widespread application prospect to harvest ambient energy for detecting harmful gas without any external power sources.