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Clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus in men. Characteristics of the cutaneous manifestations.

BACKGROUND
Cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in men have not been precisely investigated.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to define the clinical features of SLE in men, focusing on skin lesions.


METHODS
The clinical and laboratory manifestations of 28 male and 111 female patients were compared.


RESULTS
Widespread discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and papular and nodular mucinosis (PNM) were significantly more common in men than in women. Serum sex hormone levels were within the normal range in all make patients examined.


CONCLUSION
This study suggests that gender differences exist in SLE and that male patients tend to present with atypical cutaneous manifestations.