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Use of controlling language in the rehabilitation of the elderly.

Discussion rests on the notion that a paradox exists in the techniques used by nurses during the rehabilitation of elderly patients; and that this can be identified in the language nurses use during interactions with their patients. This language is seen as essentially controlling and as such contributing to a sense of helpless dependence rather than confident independence conducive to patients' successful rehabilitation. Social and physical antecedents to this are identified and the pertinence of issues of power and control in the lives of the elderly discussed. Supporting evidence is drawn from studies of nurse-patient verbal interaction. An attempt is made to identify and emphasize the subtle nature of 'controlling language'. Research questions are identified and the future contribution of research highlighted.