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Innovation: top down or bottom up

Innovation only thrives when people have the courage to challenge the status quo; change is difficult to accept even among executives, managers, and experienced discipline professionals. Innovation occurs in many different ways depending upon the industry and the organization's culture. From an organizational perspective, two types dominate the innovation scene, either top-down innovation (TDI) or bottom up innovation (BUI). TDI stems from fully funded organizational projects; BUI begins with an individual initiative in pursuit of some value-adding activity. Each of these types of innovation requires a different mindset. Innovation as used in this context is defined as follows: INNOVATION = INVENTION + COMMERCIALIZATION OR IMPLEMENTATION. It then follows with the caveat: no commercialization or implementation, no innovation. Innovation is not limited to the technical and marketing areas, to be effective, it must permeate the whole organization; it requires a change in mindset.