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Women with Low Activity are at Increased Risk for Depression

This study assessed if there are sex differences in the relationship between amount of physical activity and depression in primary care outpatients. Participants (N = 111), referred by their family physicians, wore a heart-rate monitor for 24 hr. The two-lead monitor collected the number of beats per minute and minute-averaged horizontal movement data, e.g., from walking or moving about. All participants underwent structured clinical interviewing using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV and completed the Beck Depression Inventory–II and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. For the total sample, patients with low activity were more likely to be depressed (p <.006). Adults under the age of 45 (n = 85) with low activity were 7.4 times more likely to be depressed than young adults who showed normal activity. However, in adults 45 or older, there was no relationship between activity and depression. In a subsample of women under the age of 55 (n = 70), 91% of the low activity group and 39% of the normal activity group were diagnosed with depression (p <.003). Women in the low activity group were 15.7 times more likely to be depressed than women in the normal activity group. In contrast, there was no relationship between activity and depression in men. Additional research is needed to assess whether low activity is a potent predictor of depression in women.