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Gender differences in hepatic lipogenic and inflammatory genes after 72 hours of high fat diet

High fat diets (HFD) promote obesity and fatty liver disease in part due to upregulation of hepatic lipogenesis; females however are protected from this at long exposures to HFD. The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in Long‐Evans rats fed a 72 hour HFD. Body composition and qPCR was measured for hepatic lipogenic and inflammatory genes. Both genders fed HFD equally increased caloric consumption compared to low fat (LF) controls (p<0.05). HFD‐fed males had an increase in adiposity in the visceral and subcutaneous mass compared to LF controls (48.40 g vs 68.46 g; 43.60 g vs 57.86 g; p<0.05); however females were protected from such increases. Lipogenic and inflammatory gene expression was significantly downregulated after 72 hours with no gender difference observed. Females fed HFD had reduced inflammatory gene expression compared to LF‐fed females (p<0.05). HFD‐fed females also had reduced total XBP1 expression compared to both male groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that both genders respond appropriately to nutrient excess. Malfunctions in hepatic lipogenesis observed during the development of obesity occur at longer exposures to HFDs. This research was supported in part by USDA ARS NC06871, UNCG Office of Research and Economic Development, Small Business Innovation Research Grants Program (USDA) and the Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar endowment.