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Genetic variation of wood density and its relationship with growth traits in young Norway spruce

Juvenile wood density from increment cores was measured by direct X-ray analysis. 47 open-pollinated families of Norway spruce from a 28-year-old progeny test, located at Haheim in Hordaland County, Norway, were examined to assess the magnitude of family differences of overall wood density and its components, and to calculate the phenotypic and genetic correlations among traits. The overall wood density and its components varied significantly among the families, as indicated by the high individual (h 2 ≥ 0.34) and family mean heritabilities (h 2 f ≥ 0.69). Density components had strong genetic correlations with overall wood density (r > 0.78) but were moderate to strongly related among themselves (0.28 ≤r g ≤ 0.99). Overall density and its components were negatively correlated with height growth (-0.51 ≤ r g ≤ -0.68). Selection based solely on height growth would lower overall density with 3.7%.