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A Model for Analyzing the Roles of Network and User Behavior in Congestion Control

Despite the Web-driven exponential growth in traffic volume, the Internet has not suffered widespread congestion collapse. Much credit for this robustness goes to TCP’s congestion control mechanisms. However, TCP only controls the flow in a connection, whereas the number of connections is controlled by users. Borrowing terminology from economics, TCP controls bandwidth supply while the user controls bandwidth demand, and their equilibrium determines the network state. There is already a huge literature on modeling bandwidth supply, but very little has been done for bandwidth demand. This paper models separately this supply and demand, and use them to analyze the interaction between network and user behavior, and their complementary roles in Internet congestion.