{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02440677966101695, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002033898305084746, 'mean_word_length': 4.765625, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Battery Discharge Equation for a Secure VoLTE

In LTE, voice calls are encrypted only over the wireless link between the Mobile Equipment and the eNodeB. A secure end-to-end voice is left untreated. To solve this, 3GPP proposed to use IPsec, but this is still optional for operators. This article brings this end-to-end encryption of voice over LTE, namely VoLTE, without depending on the policies of the operator (IPsec is used or not). After calculation, it was found that, the delay for encrypting and decrypting one VoIP packet must be less than or equal to 30 ms to obtain HD-Voice. This delay reduces the bool of cipher candidates to AES as a block cipher and Chacha as a stream cipher, since both resistance and speed are now mandatory. However, securing data consumes resources, i.e. ciphers consumes both time and energy. Due to the processing requirements and the limited computing power in many smartphones, using strong ciphers may consume more energy and drain the battery faster than using less secure ciphers. It may also significantly increase the delay between data transmissions. Therefore, users and companies need to be aware of the benefits and costs of using various ciphers. Therefore, this paper presents the estimated battery discharge-equation over time for secure VoLLE. These equations will help operators, smartphone manufacturers and users to choose the most convenient cipher to use for VoLTE according to the characteristic of each smartphone.