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Addressing Pediatric Health Concerns Through School-Based Consultation

The word consultation has multiple meanings. In popular usage, it may mean providing advice or counsel or simply talking with someone. In medical contexts, consultation may denote a patient’s visit to a health care professional or a formal professional arrangement between health care providers to discuss a patient’s diagnosis and treatment. In schools, the term consultation also has multiple meanings. Often it is used to describe a quick, informal process of advice giving between teachers and/or school specialists. As a formal discipline, School-Based Consultation (SBC) is an indirect service delivery model that involves two or more parties working together to benefit students. Most often, the relationship is triadic and a school specialist (e.g., school psychologist or school nurse) provides consultative support to a teacher (i.e., consultee) who works directly with the student of concern. The systematic study of SBC includes formal models, accepted components, and cohesive tenets derived from 40 years of research and practice. The purpose of this commentary on the special issue of the Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation devoted to pediatric/educational collaboration is to suggest elements of SBC that might be useful to school psychologists and other school specialists who work with students who have significant medical concerns. Although SBC sometimes involves teams of school specialists who serve as consultants and the focus of the consultation may include an individual student, group of students, or even the whole school, the consistent twofold intent of SBC is to address the immediate student concerns and to provide the teacher with the skills and information necessary to successfully and independently address similar future situations. Several approaches emphasize different SBC elements; however, all approaches attend to the relational processes between consultants and consultees and to the outcomes of working to resolve the presenting issues. Consequently, skilled schoolbased consultants serve children by using problem-solving methods to assess