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Metaphysical Themes from Suárez

This chapter considers three metaphysical themes from Suárez that are reflected in Descartes’s account of the material world. The first theme involves the Suárezian conception of a mode, which had a direct influence on Descartes’s mature metaphysics. The other two themes indicate not a direct influence of Suárez on Descartes, but rather the presence of certain issues in Descartes that Suárez’s work serves to highlight. One of these themes concerns the relation of quantity to impenetrability. Descartes’s discussion of this relation reveals that he needs some version of the Suárezian distinction between quantified and unquantified extension. The final theme concerns the ontological status of surfaces. Descartes adopts a “modal realist” view of such entities that draws on Suárez’s notion of mode, but that also differs from Suárez’s own “moderate realist” view of the indivisibles.