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Prospects of Quality Research and Evaluation of Education in Bangladesh

Education is the backbone of a nation. Only a splendid mentor can provide the educational system for the country by using his or her wisdom. Teachers are obligate to universal and quality education for all; they are central to shaping the minds and attitudes of the coming generations to deal with new global challenges and opportunities. In many countries, the quality of education is undermined by a severe deficit of teachers. The shortage of qualified teachers is hampering efforts in many countries to achieve quality education for all. Teachers are often lacking of good resources such as teaching materials, textbooks, proper training etc. The quality of teaching is cardinal to proper learning outcomes. This implies an education system that attracts and retains a magnificent teaching staff and supports teachers in the classroom, as well as in their continued professional development. Higher education with research is one of the important parts of the education system. The key aims of higher education are to generate the new knowledge, explore research works on different social and development issues, anticipate the needs of the economy and prepare highly skilled workers. In these contexts, higher education should be standard, welfare and sustainable development oriented. The present paper intends to analyze the higher education system of Bangladesh in the light of diversity, quality and accessibility. [Journal of Science Foundation 2019;17(2):46-53]


Introduction
Education is the key to overall development of a nation. Only a splendid mentor can provide the educational system for the country by using his or her wisdom. Teachers are obligate to universal and quality education for all. Compare to international education level, Bangladeshi education system is not competitive and this has critical implications on overall national development. Lack of a unified curriculum has been the bane of the education sector for the past 44 years in Bangladesh. Through a strong education system, a highly qualified generation may emerge to lead Bangladesh in realizing the dreams and goals of the great Liberation War of 1971 (BANBEIS, 2008). Nonetheless, the paper emphasizes on the students opinion about the present education system of public university, existing problems and challenges faced by the higher education institutions; and finally juxtapose the three key issues like diversity, quality and accessibility of higher education system of Bangladesh. Both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used for analyzing data. The findings of the study show the different branches of higher education, its quality and the present opportunity of accessibility of the students as well as their perceived benefits from higher education. It is expected that the findings of the study would be able to represent the overall scenario of higher education, research and evaluation system in Bangladesh.
The aim of the research is to study the development of education system in Bangladesh. It is important for us to be able to explain the importance of the research we are conducting by providing valid arguments. Rationale for the study needs to be specific and ideally, it can relate to the points, firstly, the research needs to contribute to the elimination of a gap in the literature. Elimination of gap in the present literature is one of the compulsory requirements for this study. Secondly, the research can be conducted to solve a specific problem. Studies can be conducted to solve a wide range of organizational problems. Lastly, for teaching profession we need to develop curriculum and syllabus, without research it cannot be developed and the education standard also will be not upgraded.
The main object of the study was to identify the factors of teachers' innovativeness, analyzing skills, curriculum developing knowledge, enhance the learning and teaching quality, synthesizing and evaluation abilities through excellence research engagement.

Methodology
The research log was become the keeper of thoughts, observations, and theorizing about the research question. In this research work we investigated. Sample size was 50; Survey method was face to face by telephone and cell phone, used Liker's Scale, SPSS software for data analysis.

Data Collection Procedure:
The study was compiled with the help of primary data. Secondary data was collected. For primary data collection, researchers contact either directly or mail with selected respondents. Contact was made via email and phone call which purpose and general outline of the survey are introduced. The study has been conducted between December 2017 to March 2018.

Result
A total of 70 participants were invited to fill out a survey questionnaire, 50 responded anonymously and completed the survey questionnaire entirely for a response rate of 66.66%. Of those respondents, 70% were male and 30% were female. The mean age of respondents was 39.6 years. The majority of the respondents (72.18%) have less than 11 years working experiences (SD= 4.65). Classification by job type was as follows: 92% in Teaching Profession and 8% in others Educational Organization. In this section an attempts has been made to give a comprehensive idea through analyzing the sample respondents regarding demographic characteristics. These analyses and findings have been summarized under the following captions.

Basic Goals of Education in Bangladesh:
The basic goals thus of education in Bangladesh can be briefly stated Provide free education, Create a unified educational curriculum and Journal of International Social Issues in addition to teaching, students, reading and writing instill among students values that will be the mark of their education. Instill in students a progressive and scientific outlook free of superstition and communalism and prepare them for further studies.
We have the following research gap (BANBEIS 2006):  Research Environment: There is no sufficient environment for research in our country. A researcher need peaceful, healthy and decent facilitated environment.  Research Interest: A few numbers of teachers of our country are motivated for research. Someone get interest but not mentionable.  Awareness: Awareness is the main key drivers of research activities.  Knowledge: Knowledge and understanding knowledge is a powerful tool for research. Fact, Concept, Principle, Procedure, Postulate and Law is very necessary for meaningful research.  Communication Barrier: Communication barrier is one of the barrier for real research. Most of the research is done by English language which is considered as the second language of Bangladesh.  Professionalism: Professionalism is an important issue for research. Sometimes teaching workload is a problem for teacher. In classroom teacher have to give lecture on the other hand teacher have to do official work and also do a lot of extra curriculum activity.  Research Facility: In Bangladesh now we have very good research facility.  Methodology: Sample preparation, sample size, method data and data analysis is the important part of a good researcher.  Implementation: Implementation of the research results is one of the major problems in our country in terms of politics and social barriers.  Real or true Research: Maximum researchers are not going to the relevant fields to collect data or information which may show the authentic results.

Motivation and Management:
The teacher uses an understanding of individual and group motivation and behavior to create a learning environment that encourages positive social interaction, active engagement in learning, and self-motivation.

Communication and Technology:
The teacher uses knowledge of effective verbal, nonverbal, and media communication techniques to foster active inquiry, collaboration, and supportive interaction in the classroom.
3. Planning: The teacher plans instruction based on knowledge of subject matter, students, the community, and curriculum goal. 4. Assessment: The teacher understands and uses formal and informal assessment strategies to evaluate and ensure the continuous intellectual, social, and physical development of the learner. 5. Institute and Community Development: The teacher fosters relationships with colleagues, parents, and agencies in the larger community to support students' learning and well-being.

Hypotheses analysis
Improving While the Education system in Bangladesh has made great strides in increasing access to education over the past decade, educational quality remains low. Indeed, Bangladesh has one of the lowest literacy rates in the world and the lowest literacy rate in Asia. Nearly 66 percent of children do not achieve basic literacy and numeracy. Inadequate resources, insufficient and unqualified teachers, lack of community involvement, and corruption all contribute to the poor state of education in Bangladesh. This report addresses these issues by evaluating three policy alternatives: 1. Providing stipends as incentives to families and teachers linked to performance on literacy tests 2. Hiring tutors to work in the Institute with the least literate students 3. Encouraging decentralization by requiring Institute management committees to enter into contracts with district and national officials as a condition for receiving block grants. Bangladesh. We compare these policies against five evaluative criteria: effectiveness, timeliness, sustainability, equity, and technical feasibility. We also estimate costs for each pilot program. We highlight each policy's strengths and weaknesses.

Effectiveness:
The most important evaluative criterion is how effectively the policy actually improves performance of Bangladeshi students. A policy may score well on all four of the other criteria but it would not be a viable option if it does not directly address the policy problem of poor academic performance. To determine how well any policy performs on this criterion, we assess improvement in general population literacy rates (Ahmed 2005).
Timeliness: Due to political and electoral factors, the Bangladeshi government must implement the policy or pilot project in a relatively short time frame, almost certainly within one year. Once the contest for the upcoming election begins in earnest, the effectiveness of any policy reform will be greatly compromised. To ensure that political pressures do not cripple the policy, it must be fully implemented and operational quickly.
Sustainability: This criterion concerns the political and institutional framework and conditions under which the policies must operate and survive. One of the two main political parties of Bangladesh will presumably regain power in the upcoming elections; to be a truly viable policy, the alternatives must survive in whichever political environment arises after the election. This would be a difficult criterion to fully satisfy, as the policy outcomes would be judged on their compatibility with two different political platforms. The rampant corruption in Bangladesh also comes into play in this criterion.
Year after year, Bangladesh has scored near the bottom of nearly every major global ranking of government corruption. Any policy reform must function in a society with widespread and entrenched corruption; policies very sensitive to high levels of corruption are likely to fail (DPE 2008).
Equity: Closely related to the issue of accessibility for all, the equity criterion evaluates how the benefits or costs of the policy are spread across groups in society. Does it benefit students from middle-income to highincome backgrounds, while students from low-income families lag disproportionately far behind? Do rural Upazilla reap larger benefits than their urban counterparts? We consider how a policy may have different impacts across different groups and areas.

Insufficient and Unqualified Teachers:
Inadequate resources also hurt the quantity and quality of teachers in Bangladesh, where the teacher to student ratio is 1:51.14 many teachers do not receive proper training, do not understand competency-based curriculum, and may not even understand the material they teach. Existing training has failed to increase teachers' capabilities. Chronic recruitment of unqualified teachers, primarily due to cronyism, also forms a major impediment to school-level efforts to improve quality in education. Additionally, many teachers even many head in Bangladeshi Institute do not assume their leadership roles, due to insufficient resources, training, research along with higher education (Ministry of Education 2014).

Social Responsibilities:
The results of the study showed a statistically significant effect of social responsibility (responsibility towards the environment, responsibility towards the beneficiaries, responsibility towards the local community) to achieve competitive advantage (reduced cost of innovation and renovation) in organization. The results reveal that organization and the basis of its social responsibility linking the environmental performance of its mission and to has programs involved through the protection of the environment and the magnificence surrounding area and green management to preserve the decent environment, used as institute technology to avoid the causes of pollution of soil, water and air also show that organization is keen on providing goods or services easily obtained by the beneficiaries, the organization is also working to provide affordable and quality services suitable for auditors. As well as through research shows that organizations make contributions or donations for the benefit of the local community and provides financial support for the establishment of religious and national events in the local community, as well as it provides funding for facilities that are held in the local community (Ahmed 2007).
The necessity to study and analyze and understand the basic principles of social responsibility, as one of the most important pillars to ensure the success of the organization and its lifetime, especially in light of the diversity and complexity and the complexity of the risks associated with their work and compete with each other. The organization should adopt procedures empowerment career and specialization and attention to prices in order to serve the beneficiaries.
Formal Training: However, the present show that the firms in start-up phase also provided employees with formal training and courses even before they start growing. So, from this perspective, it can be argued that small firms do not rely only on informal training and development in the early phase. This may depend on how entrepreneurs perceived the importance of human capital. Short term consequence of those practices and strategies is about stabilizing. People may be unhappy, frustrated because they are in a death rock, but those programs, incentives can make them decide to stay in the company. It is the way to keep good people to stay in the company. Long term consequence is that you have employee with more skill and are better qualified. Later, they can also take on larger responsibility.
The formal training that firms in the study provide can imply the strategy of attraction and retention. Small firms cannot offer financial incentives due to resource shortage. This may lead them to offer learning opportunities and psychological rewards instead. This type of reward can also lead to further developed performance. This can be reason why they offer formal training even when they are in the formative years.

H1:
Research environment help teachers learning and developing lesson plan, evaluate student to achieve the organizational goal. The results of this study provide an innovative attempt at investigating an in Teaching profession can be globalizing the learning system; through research program can help to prepare a good lesson plan of Bangladesh to evaluate students. The value of standard deviation is 0.82 which shows that the relationship is significant. The hypotheses tested gave significant result and it is clear that the entire directional hypotheses are true and gave positive results.

H2:
Research activities help teaches to prepare designing of knowledge to mitigate the needs of students. Organization patronizing training can only help this teacher's basic research that activities help teaches to prepare designing of knowledge to mitigate the needs of students. Side by side, we think that research environment for a teacher in our country is tremendously positive. The value of standard deviation is average 1.20 which shows that the relationship is not significant, because the value of standard deviation is larger then 1.00. The hypotheses tested does not gave significant result and it is clear that the entire directional hypotheses are not true and gave negative results.

H3:
Research environment helps teachers to grater useful information through systematic process to reflect the good teaching method. The results of this study provide an innovative attempt at investigating education sector of Bangladesh. a) research can make good resource person side by side b) it provides constructive information through systematic process to reflect the good teaching methodology. The value of standard deviation is 0.96533 and 0.91451 respectively from the Table 4. These standard deviation shows that the relationships in both cases are significant. The hypotheses tested gave significant result and it is clear that the entire directional hypotheses are true and gave positive results.

Directions towards Further Study
More quantitative research may be conducted in the future to teachers' quality. We know technological innovation is sweeping across the globe. Teachers are called the nation builders. If they lag behind the wheel of education will not run. It is dream of researchers to get more opportunities to make themselves up-to date both academically and economically side by side they can use modern equipment's at educational institution. The development of education depends on the curricula as most of the students learn according to the syllabus given by the ministry of education. Curricula development and upgrading is also the important area of research in Bangladesh perspective. All curricula can be based on the latest trend in education. I hope we can ensure to broaden to outlook of students and prepare them for global competitiveness.

Conclusion
The strength of teacher research is the development of a better understanding of classroom practice in ways that are specific and local. Outside researchers often work to generalize research findings to the larger educational community or lack a teacher's insider perspective on the classroom context. In its focus on intentional and systematic inquiry, teacher research empowers teachers to thoughtfully examine and analyze classroom practices in order to improve teaching, a tremendous outcome for teachers and students. Education renders people with certain capabilities that prepare them to contribute to the social and economic development of the nation. Such capabilities turn them into human capital which, according to development economists, raises productivity when increased. Following an exhaustive review of literature on education research, this paper, however, aims at exploring the effectiveness of Bangladesh's present education system in delivering quality education as well as reckoning the prospect of establishing a knowledge-based society in the nation. This paper, being qualitative in nature, reveals that the nation has achieved an exemplary success in primary education as regards increased enrolment rate, while the enrolment rate is not satisfactory in secondary schooling and the tertiary education is expanding. However, the quality of education imparted at all the primary, secondary and tertiary levels is not up to the mark to create a strong human capital and reckon the prospect of knowledge-based society in the country. A number of reform measures are required to be undertaken in order to ensure quality education and create an effective knowledge base in the nation.