{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01788617886178862, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.623655913978495, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A Hysteresis Model for Antiferroelectric SmCA* Phases

In this paper, we shall present a simple irreversible rotation model with a couple of polarization vectors to account for the hysteretic phenomena in SmCA* phases. From a numerical calculation, a double hysteresis curve was found in antiferroelectric SmCA* phase, whereas a single curve was found in the ferroelectric SmC* phase. Remarkably it is found that there exists a direct ferroelectric-ferroelectric transition under a sinusoidal electric field with a sufficiently large amplitude and high frequency in qualitative agreement with experimental findings.