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Methodology for determining total phosphorus target water quality in total maximum daily loads

This study presents the principles and methods used in set target water quality values of total phosphorus (TP) in three major rivers of South Korea, such as Nakdong, Geum, and Yeongsan/ Seomjin River. The QUALKO model (modified QUAL2E) was applied to establish the target water quality. According to the findings, while determining total maximum daily load (TMDL) targets, the intended use of water, current water quality, load density, and future pollutant elimination plans should be considered. If a watershed fails to meet the target quality standard, then the appropriate plan for the area should be established. In areas where small amounts of pollutants are released, development should be allowed within the limits of compliance with the water quality standards, targeting both development and water quality protection, which is the basic concept of TMDLs. Heavily polluted areas tend to continue releasing large amounts of pollutants, whereas others release only small amounts. The TMDL system is designed to address the problem by encouraging heavily polluted areas to reduce pollutant emission while allowing others to release some for development. The recommendations of this paper provide a reference to the development of a methodology for determining TP water quality considering TMDL.