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The Three ``R''s: Real Students in Real Time Doing Real Work Learning Calculus

In this paper, we describe sonifications designed to teach calculus of a single real variable, and report on how students in a typical class perform using these sonifications. We draw three conclusions from this evidence. First, even relatively weak students in an introductory calculus course can, with little specialized instruction, learn to interpret such sonifications quickly. Next, sonifications designed to engage students and containing sufficient audio cues have the potential to improve learning in calculus. Last, such sonifications can easily be integrated into a typical calculus class, for typical calculus students.