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Deposition and transport of gold by thiosulphates, Veitsch, Austria

Abstract Two types of gold can be distinguished in tetrahedrite from the Veitsch magnesite deposit, Austria. Primary gold present in unfractured massive tetrahedrite, has a grain size up to 18 μm and contains, on average, Cu 8.73, Ag 7.01, Au 78.63 and Hg 2.35 (wt.%). Secondary gold is present in fractures and is directly intergrown with digenite, covellite, Cu-thiosulphate, cuprite and chrysocolla but not with malachite or azurite. The secondary gold is up to 200 μm in size with an average composition of Cu 3.06, Ag 6.82, Au 86.41 and Hg 3.51 (wt.%). It is usually closely intergrown with thiosulphates containing up to 0.21 wt.% Au. This, together with the presence of 'dirty' gold with cloudy thiosulphate inclusions, directly indicates the transport and deposition of Au by a thiosulphate ligand. We believe this is the first reported direct evidence of gold transport and deposition by thiosulphate complexes in a natural environment.