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The function and behavior of chondrogenic progenitor cells in osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disease resulting in significant pain and physical disability. Cartilage degradation is the primary pathogenesis of OA due to the imbalance between anabolism and catabolism. Due to hypocellular, matrix-rich and avascular features, none effective therapy for cartilage repair has been developed currently. Chondrocytes have been considered the sole cell type in articular cartilage, but the discovery of chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) has changed this concept. CPCs that reside in articular cartilage are responsible for cartilage homeostasis and have been characterized by stem cell related markers, multilineage differentiation and colony forming capacities. Increasing investigations show that CPCs are recommendable candidates for cell-based cartilage repair. However, the function and behavior of CPCs in OA condition are not understood entirely. Here, we reviewed the proliferative and chondrogenic abilities of CPCs and summarized the regulatory factors of CPCs’ behavior, which will provide new insight for future investigations and CPCs-based cartilage repair therapies.