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Dynamics of Status Symbols and Social Complexity

In this article, a symbolic version of the Simmel effect has been explored via computer simulation. The Simmel effect refers to the dynamics of status symbols in hierarchically ordered societies. This phenomenon was highlighted by the sociologist Georg Simmel, when he attempted to explain the rapid diffusion and decline of fashion. Simmel hypothesized that the instability of fashion results from the combined action of imitation of higher status members and distinction from those belonging to lower statuses. To test Simmel’s hypothesis, the authors implemented a simulation model: the symbolic Simmel model (SySM), wherein a set of artificial agents hierarchically ordered apply in different combination the rules of imitation and distinction in the common task of sharing symbols. The findings support the view that the Simmel condition allows for a variable or unstable fate of symbols: The success of status symbols starts to decline as soon as they become dominant.