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Foreign Workers in Soviet Russia, 1920–40: Their Experience and Their Legacy

Approximately 70,000 to 80,000 foreign workers, specialists, and political exiles, most of them skilled workers, went to live and work in the Soviet Union between 1917 and 1939.' Many of them subsequently recorded their impressions of what they had encountered there, leaving us a vivid depiction of social and economic conditions, the accuracy of which has been substantiated by recent scholarship and by documents published in the USSR. The purpose of this essay is to examine the origins of those foreign workers, their reports about industrialization in Soviet Russia, and the impact of their testimony on political discourse, and especially on workers' movements, in their home countries.