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Recent and Future Transport Policy Planning in New Zealand

The recent history of planning for the transport sector in New Zealand offers interesting comparisons with parallel developments in the United States under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. Over the past decade, both nations have undergone a major reconstruction of the legal and political apparatus of transportation planning. In each case, this restructuring reflected two potentially contradictory sets of goals: (a) to rationalize and improve the efficiency of transportation planning, thereby enhancing economic development and (b) to systematically mitigate transport-related externalities and formally recognize environmental and fiscal limits to the expansion of transportation infrastructure. New Zealand is described from a historical and geopolitical perspective and the legislative and political framework of transport is outlined, focusing on key changes in the regulatory regime. New Zealand is shown to have followed policies that strongly favor privatization and market-style means and measures, with central government moving from an operational to a strategic stance. Examples of deregulation and privatization programs are discussed, including ports, safety regulation, and environmental regulation. The future requirements of transport policy planning are speculated on.