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Material and Interfaces for Energy-Related Applications: Hupp 60th Birthday Forum.

Birthday Forum A a lifelong champion of using experimental ingenuity to solve important and complex problems, Joe Hupp has inspired a generation of chemists and materials scientists. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is therefore delighted to dedicate a forum to Joe Hupp in celebration of his achievements in inorganic materials chemistry. Joe is the Morrison Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University and a Senior Science Fellow in the Materials Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. His recent research interests include two thrusts that are highlighted in this forum: new materials and investigations of interfacial electron transfer for solar energy conversion applications, specifically in the context of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and the synthesis and investigation of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for applications in chemical sensing, high-density alternative fuel storage, molecular sieving membranes, and catalysis. The Forum brings together contributions from some of the most experimentally creative groups in the field to highlight their recent efforts in advancing inorganic materials interfaces for energy applications. Joe’s scientific career began during his doctoral work at Michigan State University with Michael Weaver investigating outer-sphere electrochemical reactions. His remarkable productivity and high impact research was clear from the beginning: Joe published 18 papers, which have been cited more than 1000 times, during the 4 years it took him to complete his PhD, which included a move to Purdue University. Joe then moved to North Carolina, where he spent two years as a postdoctoral research associate in Tom Meyer’s lab applying his expertise in electron-transfer reactions to photochemically induced processes, including complex materials systems of chromophores embedded in polymers. In 1986, Joe started his independent academic career at Northwestern University. At this early stage in his career, Joe’s research involved in-depth investigations of photoinduced electron transfers in inorganic complexes. As of this writing, Joe has published more than 510 peer-reviewed papers that have been cited more than 42 000 times. He has awarded 57 Ph.D.’s, advised 70 postdoctoral fellows and 40 undergraduate researchers, and hosted numerous visiting professors and scholars in his laboratory at Northwestern. Joe’s productivity can be attributed to his ability to carve out that critical, hidden, and (only later) obvious experiment, which often leads to whole new areas of research. Those who know Joe regard him for his scientific spirit, his excellence across the physical sciences, his collaboration, his dry wit, and the unwaveringly warm and gracious demeanor with which he practices his craft. His accomplishments; his service to the chemistry community; his mentorship; and his dogged dedication to his students, colleagues, family, and the science community distinguish Joe as one of the premier inorganic chemists practicing today. Outside his substantial achievements in scientific research, his most lasting legacy will certainly be the careers of those who have been fortunate to work with Joe on some of the most interesting, relevant, and just plain cool chemistry of our time. The first topic highlighted in this forum focuses on material designs for energy conversion applications. Joe was ahead of the curve in his early use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) to make unique, and exceptionally well-defined, nanostructured photoelectrodes for DSSCs. His creativity is clear from his design of photoelectrodes comprised of concentric conducting and semiconducting nanotubes to allow radial electron collection in DSSCs which he showed can dramatically increase the rates and efficiency of electron collection of photoinjected electrons. Use of ALD has also allowed detailed efforts in demonstrating how interfacial electron tunneling can be systematically and precisely controlled. This concept was expanded to encapsulate chromophores, postdeposition, in order to simultaneously stabilize the dyes and block recombination. In this forum, Joe’s myriad contributions to the development of DSSC materials are honored by several cutting-edge papers. For example, D’Amario et al. report on the reduction of recombination in p-type DSSCs through chemical and thermal treatments of NiO photocathodes, which results in a significant increase in open-circuit photovoltage. Kobosko et al. report that AgInS2 and alloyed AgInS2−ZnS quantum dots are promising sensitizers, which achieve a power conversion efficiency of 2.25%. Wang et al. introduce an internal layer of Al2O3 lying between the Sb:SnO2/TiO2 core/shell layers in a dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) photoanode for water splitting, which they show can improve photocurrents by up to 300%. Luchkin et al. report reversible and irreversible strain effects and interfacial atomic mixing in MAPbI3/ITO in response to electric bias and illumination using conductive probe AFM measurements. Sampson et al. report the use of SAMs to inhibit the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3, ZnO, and MnO selectively and their eventual nucleation mechanism. Joe’s contributions to investigating electrontransfer reactions in DSSCs are also recognized by several articles in this forum. Baillargeon et al. describe the first example of a cobalt(IV/III) redox shuttle in DSSCs that exhibits very fast kinetics for dye regeneration in a tandem electrolyte. Sampaio et al. report the same dependence of recombination rate constant and diffusion rate constant of lateral hole-hopping as a function of ruthenium chromophores containing substituted phenanthroline ligands anchored to mesoporous TiO2 films. Lennert et al. present symmetrically alkyl-substituted imidazolium-based ionic liquids featuring either iodide (I−) or selenocyanate (SeCN−) as counteranions for electrolytes in DSSCs, where they show that electrolytes containing mixed iodine-pseudohalogen improve the solar energy conversion efficiency by 70% with respect to reference iodine-based electrolytes. Logsdon et al. describe self-assembled