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Psychological Reaction to Potential Malfunctioning of Implantable Defibrillators

Background: Psychological problems following implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) implantation are diverse and include increased levels of anxiety. Anxiety may even rise further when possible malfunctioning of an ICD is announced, with a higher risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias and death as a consequence. Following the public statement of Medtronic, all patients in the Netherlands with the specific Medtronic ICD were contacted for extra device evaluation. The aim of this exploratory study was to determine whether the proportion of ICD patients with high levels of anxiety would increase after this extra device evaluation.