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Sub-10-nm imaging of nucleic acids using spectroscopic intrinsic-contrast photon-localization optical nanoscopy (SICLON).

Elucidating chromatin structure in vitro requires resolution below 10 nm to visualize the mononucleosome has been an ongoing challenge. In this work, we achieve sub-10-nm imaging of nucleic acids via spectroscopic intrinsic-contrast photon-localization optical nanoscopy (SICLON) without the use of external labels. SICLON leverages two key innovations: using endogenous nucleotides as the emission source and a custom-made imaging system that can simultaneously record the position and optical spectra of emitting molecules. With a novel spectral regression algorithm that identifies the spectroscopic fingerprints of neighboring molecules that were previously indistinguishable, we demonstrate the utility of SICLON by visualizing unlabeled poly-nucleotides and linear single-stranded DNA fibers with a resolution of 6.2 nm.