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Those Empty Boxes: A Grumble and a Parallel

In 1922 the famous battle over "those empty boxes" was waged in the pages of the Economic Journal by J. H. Clapham [2] and A. C. Pigou [9]. D. H. Robertson [10] joined the fray in 1924 in the same journal. Robertson first succinctly delineated the battle lines, by stating that "The contest raged over the practical utility of certain refinements of analytical economics: in particular whether the theoretical sorting of industries into boxes labeled 'diminishing return' and 'increasing return' could be turned to practical account" [10, p. 16]. He then went into combat on the side of those who were