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Structural and Dielectric Investigations of Donor–Acceptor Substituted PZT Ceramics

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray measurements reveal inhomogeneities in the distribution of elements in W-, Li-doped PZT materials with the composition PbZr 0.51 Ti 0.49 − 2.5x W 1.5x Li x O 3 (x = 0.03 and 0.05). Increasing the tungsten concentration leads to an increase of inhomegenities number in the PZT matrix. The high sintering temperature and Li+concentration contribute to the vitreous aspect of the materials. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the presence of both rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in the two materials. Considering the materials as composites with a 0-3 connectivity pattern, a mathematical approach is proposed. This was used to calculate the contribution of the agglomerations to the experimental dielectric constant.