{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.025021570319240724, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005176876617773943, 'mean_word_length': 5.170212765957447, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Hypouricemia and Hyperuricosuria as Expressions of Renal Tubular Damage in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Renal tubular damage, in particular, renal tubular acidosis is associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), but hypouricemia has not been described. We studied four patients with PBC whose serum uric acid levels were 1.4 to 1.8 mg per dl, and compared their renal and liver functions with those of 11 patients with PBC whose serum uric acid levels were normal. In the patients with PBC and hypouricemia, uric acid clearance (Cua) and the ratio of Cua and creatinine clearance (Cua/Ccr) were high enough to cause hypouricemia. Elevated Cua/Ccr was suppressed by administration of pyrazinamide, a blocker of tubular secretion of uric acid, but was not affected by probenecid; the effects of drugs on Cua/Ccr were similar to those reported in Wilson's disease. Elevation in Cua/Ccr was associated with increased serum bilirubin and urinary copper excretion. These observations indicate that hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria, which may be caused by defective postsecretory reabsorption of uric acid, are additional indicators of renal tubular damage in PBC.