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Militarizing the Border: When Mexicans Became the Enemy by Miguel Antonio Levario (review)

Centering on the region that includes El Paso and Ciudad Juárez, Miguel Antonio Levario of Texas Tech University traces the progressive militarization of the border between 1895 and 1933. Federal, state, and local authorities—as well as civilian organizations—promoted this militarization, which led to ethnic Mexicans being considered the enemy. Militarization also contributed to the racialization of social relations. These changing attitudes took place as the area experienced the early stages of modernization and a major increase in Mexican immigration. The image of border residents as violent and lawless further complicated an increasingly volatile situation. In exerting authority, officials also had to contend with the fact that the area involved was still very much a frontier region.