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Physicochemical properties of (1 → 6)‐branched (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucans. 1. Physical dimensions estimated from hydrodynamic and electron microscopic data

The physical dimensions of several (1 → 6) branched (1 → 3) ‐β‐D‐glucan samples obtained from different organisms and their derivatives have been studied by electron microscopy, light scattering measurements, viscometry, and gel permeation chromatography. The electron micrographs indicate that in most samples these biopolymers are adequately described as linear worm‐like coils. A sample reconstituted from alkaline media appeared as a blend of the linear, circular, and aggregated polymer morphologies. The average mass per unit length, ML = Mw/Lw for the macroscopically linear samples, was estimated to be 2100 ± 200 g mol−1 nm−1. The parameter mL was determined from the contour lengths obtained by electron microscopy and the molecular weight by light scattering measurements. The observed ML was consistent with the triple‐helical structure reported from x‐ray diffraction studies and observed degree of side‐chain substitution. From the molecular snapshots shown in the electron micrographs, the persistence lengths of these β‐D‐glucans were determined to be 140 ± 30 nm. The experimentally determined intrinsic viscosities were consistent with these estimates of ML and persistence length. Comparison of the molecular weight distributions obtained from gel permeation chromatography and those deduced from the electron micrographs indicates that number and weight average contour lengths are more reliable than z and z + 1 averages. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.