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Evolution of the Zonal Mean State in the Equatorial Middle Atmosphere during October 1978-May 1979

Abstract The evolution of the zonal mean state in the equatorial middle atmosphere is investigated with the use of daily mapped temperatures derived from the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) experiment. These quasi-global, high vertical resolution data cover the pressure range 100-05 mb and the period 25 October 1978-28 May 1979. The equatorial semiannual oscillation (SAO) in zonal mean temperature, derived zonal wind and meridional shear of the zonal wind is described in detail. Rocket profiles are used to validate features seen in LIMS data. These include ranges in temperature and zonal wind of 20 K and 100 m s−1, and cross-equatorial shears of at 3 day−1 Consistent with the theory that the wave-mean flow interaction is essential to the SAO, flow acclerations over the equator exhibit strong week-to-week variations. While easterly accelerations are moderate and occur in deep cool layers, westerly accelerations are generally stronger and occur in shallow warm layers which descend with time...