{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.028151774785801713, 'fraction_numerical': 0.02692778457772338, 'mean_word_length': 5.059259259259259, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Interleukin‐9 as a T helper type 17 cytokine

The production of interleukin‐9 (IL‐9) by CD4 T cells has gathered renewed interest as the result of the observation that its expression is broader than originally thought. This includes the production of IL‐9 by a recently characterized subset of CD4 helper T (Th) cells that are termed Th9 as well as production by additional T‐cell subsets including Th17 cells. There is an incomplete understanding as to which IL‐9‐producing T‐cell subsets develop under physiological conditions. We describe the conditions used to generate IL‐9 in Th17 cells in vitro. We also summarize conditions where both IL‐9 and IL‐17 are found in vivo and propose that Th17 cells producing IL‐9 may co‐exist and interact with Th9 cells during conditions of autoimmunity, allergy and infection.