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Significance of microstructure for the recognition of biologically mediated mineralization

The microstructure and surface microtopography of biogenic carbonate minerals were compared and contrasted with synthetic and natural abiotic carbonates. Bacteria and their by-products on mineral surfaces are imaged in TEM using high-resolution platinum/carbon and gold-decorated replicas. In contrast to SEM, this technique allows imaging of organic and inorganic structures in their original hydrated states and at higher magnification. The material examined so far show different microstructures between bacterial-mediated and inorganic minerals. This suggests that in the absence of preserved microorganisms, the unique microstructure and surface microtopography (biominerals) can be used to recognize biological activities in ancient terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks.