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Relationship between skin color and skin response to ultraviolet light

Sun exposure is responsible for deleterious effects such as sunburn, photoaging, and skin cancer. Ethnic origin and skin color, related to constitutive pigmentation represent major parameters involved in skin responses to solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Epidemiologic studies show higher incidences of basal and squamous cell carcinoma as well as melanoma in Caucasians compared with African Americans. Skin susceptibility to photoaging alterations such as solar elastosis, dermal damage, and wrinkle formation, also depends on constitutive pigmentation. Furthermore, experimental data show the relationship between the minimal erythemal dose (MED) and skin color (i.e., MED is lower in light skin and higher in dark skin). The skin color type is usually assessed according to Fitzpatrick’s phototype classification, which is based on ethnic origin, erythema sensitivity, and tanning ability.