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Kalopanaxsaponins A and B Isolated from Kalopanax pictus Ameliorate Memory Deficits in Mice

The stem‐bark of Kalopanax pictus (KP, family Araliaceae), which contains triterpenoid saponins, has been shown to exhibit anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antirheumatoid and antidiabetic activities. In a preliminary study, a KP methanol extract demonstrated acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro and memory enhancement in scopolamine‐treated mice. Therefore, we isolated acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, kalopanaxsaponins A and B, from a KP butanol (BuOH) fraction, measured acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro, and investigated their memory‐enhancing effects in a passive avoidance test, Y‐maze test and Morris water maze test. These constituents inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and significantly reversed scopolamine‐induced deficits. They also increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding (p‐CREB) protein expression but reduced TNF‐α increased by scopolamine. Based on these findings, kalopanaxsaponins A and B may ameliorate memory deficits by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and inducing BDNF and p‐CREB expression. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.