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Induction of somatic embryogenesis from foliar explants in three varieties of coffee

The objective of the research was to establish a protocol of somatic embryogenesis induction in Castillo, Catuai and Costa Rica 95 coffee varieties. Two trials were installed, one for leaf disinfection and other for somatic embryogenesis induction. In the first experiment different concentrations of NaClO, immersion times and use of antioxidant solution were evaluated. The best disinfection treatment was 2% NaClO for 5 minutes. In the somatic embryogenesis induction, different types and concentrations of growth regulators were tested; three concentrations of BAP and KIN (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/L), three concentrations of 2,4-D (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) were tested including combinations 2,4-D (0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L) + KIN (1.5 mg/L). Direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis was induced in only one culture medium from seventh week. The somatic embryogenesis rate reached values of 100% in the three varieties in some treatments. The average number of embryos/explant was 21.62, 26.84 and 7.4 in Castillo, Catuaí and Costa Rica 95 varieties, respectively. From the results, it was concluded that treatments with BAP, 2,4-D and 2,4-D+KIN induce embryogenesis according to coffee variety.