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TGH: a case study of designing natural interaction for mobile guide systems

The digital mobile guide, being able to provide users with geographic information services (GIS) at any time from anywhere, is an important way to ease the plight of visitors. However, the limitations of handheld terminals and the cognitive interference from the environment pose great challenges for user interaction. Naturalness and intelligence in communication between users and mobile guide applications are therefore crucial for the usability requirement. This article presents our efforts on the interaction design and evaluation of a hypermedia mobile tour guide system TGH. Users' cognitive behavior in mobile environment is characterized in a coherent psychology framework from the perspective of cognitive skill and attention interference. Correspondingly a context-sensitive multimodal interaction framework is proposed to describe the major components and data flow on the level of technology. Such interaction style is implemented in TGH and deployed into the context of authentic use to be tested. We discuss our techniques, interface facilities, and the result of user evaluations. The improvement of interaction efficiency and reduction of user efforts are measured.