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A Dynamic Fault Tolerant Routing Protocol for Prolonging the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are being extensively used for various applications. WSNs consist of a large number of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communication capabilities. Sensor nodes are typically resource deficient with energy being the most critical of all the resources. Efficient use of energy resources in sensor nodes can extend the lifetime of WSNs. The main purpose of such networks is to gather information from the environments and deliver the same to the applications. Thus routing in WSNs is a demanding task. Multihop routing is always better as it has many advantages over the single hop networks. It not only reduces the congestion but also leads to better utilization of energy resources as individual nodes can operate with low transmission power. Any routing protocol has to ensure that data can always be routed from source to sink. The work in this paper aims at designing a multilevel fault tolerant routing protocol that extends the network lifetime. It is also consistent over data transmission even when a sensor node runs out of energy; thus maintains network connectivity. In our proposed work when a sensor node runs out of energy it finds a suitable alternative path to sink node by establishing a new connection dynamically with the nodes within its range. The alternative path increases the data transmission accuracy between source nodes to its respective sink node. Simulation studies of the proposed routing protocol have been carried out using Castalia simulator, and its performance has been compared with that of flooding and directed diffusion. The simulation results show that the proposed approach has lower energy consumption and data packet delivery delay, and higher delivery ratio. Keywords—Wireless Sensor Networks, multilevel routing protocol, reliable data transfer, energy efficient network connectivity.