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Cephalometric Analysis of Skull for Biometrics

There is a need of strong biometric system that resolve the issues related to those who use illegal way to break the system, those with change in psychological and behavioural characteristics and specially to those disable people (people with no limbs, bad retina, facial changes, etc.). The Cephalometric analysis is a strong tool based on image processing of human skull that can be used mathematically for strong biometrics. Keywords— Biometrics, Cephalometric, Cephalometric analysis, Skull analysis, X-ray, Unique biometrics, Craniofacial scan. INTRODUCTION Now days, it is getting very important to establish an identity to an individual. Biometric analysis refers to the use of distinctive physiological (e.g., iris, fingerprints, palm print, face, retina) and behavioral (e.g., signature, gait) characteristics, called biometric identifiers (Or simply biometrics) for automatically recognition of individuals. Biometrics system is superior to any other authentication system like traditional password based systems. But such systems are weak and disposed to numbers of attacks like stored template attack which is the most common attack among them. Applications of biometrics are identification of criminals, access control to facilities and security, access to banks & power plants, identity authentication in police investigation, airport security, and passports or licenses, forensic department and medical databases. Also biometric finds its applications in several high security areas providing security to biometric template is of utmost importance. From years there has been a lot of improvement performed on development of systems based on fingerprint, face, iris, voice etc. But some of the issues related to its use by the disabled persons are also exist [1]. So, the Cephalometric analysis is performed on human skull. Its Parameters measurement is based on a set of feature point’s landmarks. The tracing identifies specific skeletal and dental landmarks. Our system is able to make linear and angular measurements of the skull. It helps in recognition of any individual. From many years human skull has been used by forensic to identify the individual face. Researchers have tried to map the relation between the skeletal landmarks of human face and the different components of biometrics. These experiments serve advantage for analyzing and predicting the features from different orthodontics treatments. The radiographical Cephalometric analysis is based on study of human skull using image processing used mathematically for orthodontics treatment planning. PROPOSED SYSTEM The Cephalometric based biometric system composed of two parts the enrolment and the identification block. The cephalometric system capable of capturing the data in the form of x-ray image, using the electronic/digital Cephalometric machine, then processing the x-ray image, its features extraction, and storing those features in the form of templates. Later collecting the data on real time then extraction of features and matching it with the templates. The system takes few key features from the facial x-ray image and compare it with the real time x-ray, if the 80% of the features matched with the templates, the identity is accepted because there can be changes in the facial bones and structure as per age of person and due to accidents, else the comparison is rejected. The main function is performed by the feature extractor and the comparison block. The comparator makes use for the past tends to automatically identify the individual using the x-ray. The proposed system is shown in figure 1. The biometric sensor is a cephelogram machine used by the orthodontics that takes the X-ray of human skull mostly for the dental studies and it stores the extracted features in the form of cephelograms. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3, Issue 4, July-August, 2015 ISSN 2091-2730 360 www.ijergs.org Characteristics