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Invention and Development of the Blood Bag

Until the 20th century, the complications inherent in transfusion of blood restricted its use to bold physicians treating patients with a desperate clinical problem. Incompatibility, complex technology, clotting, hemol ysis, air embolism, microbial contamination, particulate emboli and identity of aliquots epitomize problems that have been successfully addressed to make transfusion convenient, safe and dependable for donor, recipient and physician. Blood banking made transfusion timely therapy for acute blood loss. Improved apparatus for handling blood played the major role in providing blood or its components on demand in industrialized societies around the world. The concept of a content-compliant system for the collection, processing, storage and infusion of blood or its components in a closed liquid system evolved from 15 years of experience in a pioneer bank at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and managing the collection of 900.000 units of blood for the American National Red Cross in the World War I1 era. A hermetically sealed bag and its appendages replaced the heavy glass bottle and its perforated bung; the hazards of bacterial contamination and air embolism were eliminated for both donor and recipient. Hemorepellent surfaces and physiologic pressures minimized trauma to the blood cells and suppressed clotting and hemolysis [l]. The logistics of transfusion therapy were enhanced. The system became the ultimate symphony for blood bankers! The search for appropriate plastic film and tubing began in the fall of 1947. Over the Thanksgiving Holidays I fashioned hot wire platens to join the parts of the system -bag, donor tube, and delivery ports into a hand-