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Do Monolingual and Bilingual Speakers Differ in Language Processing? Evidence from Behavior and ERPs

The present study was designed to empirically examine the effects of bilingualism on language processing. Participants consisted of 20 English monolingual and 20 Spanish-English bilingual speakers. All participants were required to complete an English language processing task consisting of categorically related versus unrelated word pairs, and behavioral and electrophysiological data were recorded and analyzed. Overall, results yielded a congruency effect indicating that participants were more accurate in identifying incongruent word pairs than congruent word pairs. There were significant interactions between congruency and bilingualism on behavioral and electrophysiological variables, and monolingual participants outperformed their bilingual counterparts on accuracy and reaction time measures. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.