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Treatment of acute viral bronchiolitis

INTRODUCTION: Acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) is one of the main respiratory infections in infants. Available information on the treatment of AVB in children under 2 years is reported, based on the most recent scientific evidence published in the literature. METHODS: Simple non-systematic review was performed on PubMed and Cochrane sites using the terms “bronchiolitis”, “viral bronchiolitis”, “infant” and “treatment” in Portuguese. In the English language, the terms were “bronchiolitis”, “viral bronchiolitis”, “infant”, and “drug therapy”. The search period was 15 years, from 2004 to 2019. The materials obtained had the title and abstract read; when the documents reported more recent evidence on the subject, they were read in full. RESULTS: In the databases cited there were 1,091 non-systematic reviews, 113 clinical protocols, 3 editorials, 243 articles. The currently most accepted treatments for AVB are oxygen supplementation in the presence of hypoxemia and noninvasive or invasive ventilatory support, according to the severity of respiratory failure. DISCUSSION: Increased knowledge about the pathophysiology of AVB has allowed us to review the treatments used in the past and now. The treatment of AVB deserves reflection and new intervention proposals, since current scientific evidence levels do not support the use of corticosteroids and beta 2 adrenergic, routine practices of pediatricians. Clinical stabilization of the patient, oxygen therapy and ventilatory support are recommended.