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Approches perceptives et cognitives en analyse automatique d'images de documents

This paper presents a synthesis of bio-inspired processes and cognitive approaches that are applied to documents images analysis and recognition. Currently, we can classify those methods in two classes: system approaches and punctual methods. The first class of methods implies perceptive rules in all processing steps from the low level features extraction (including perceptive primitives, orientation, edges, curvature, colours, texture...) to the high level interpretation and recognition with the use of some well-known cognitive models that are linked to memory processes and shapes reconstruction. The most punctual approaches are more numerous and are generally dealing with information retrieval, and texture based classification for text regions labelling. This paper tries to reveal scientific locks, current problematic through targeted applications, and the real needs for future works.