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Geospatial Analysis of Phosphorus Concentrations on the Poudre River in Northern Colorado

As concern over phosphorus contamination grows and new regulatory standards are proposed, it is important for policy makers to understand how phosphorus sources, transport mechanisms and hydrologic conditions affect phosphorus concentrations in receiving waters. This study attempts to assess the impact of these variables on the downstream phosphorus concentration in the Poudre River. Fifteen sites along the Poudre River were sampled from May to September 2010, to capture a range of hydrologic conditions. The upstream phosphorus sources and associated transport pathways were characterized for each site as well as hydrologic conditions of each sample period. The impacts of point and nonpoint sources, under different hydrologic conditions, on downstream phosphorus concentrations were examined. The results suggest that phosphorus concentrations in the river are strongly influenced by hydrologic conditions. As the flow in the river increases downstream phosphorus concentrations become relatively constant possibly due to a lack of natural attenuation. However, high flow conditions increased dilution and had much lower phosphorus concentrations. Precipitation events increased the influence of nonpoint sources, highlighting the temporal importance of phosphorus sampling. Irrigation canals were also an important pathway during precipitation events. As new phosphorus standards are being established, it is important to consider the location and timing of phosphorus monitoring. More effective pollution control strategies can be implemented with a better understanding of the geospatial and hydrologic conditions that affect phosphorus concentrations.