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ABC transporters: HDL-regulated gatekeepers at the endothelial border.

HDL particles mediate a series of protective functions in the organism including reverse cholesterol transport, reduction of inflammatory responses, and promotion of cell survival [1]. The protective functions of HDLs have initially been documented in vascular cells [2,3]. They are still being better defined as exemplified by the demonstration that a1-antitripsin, borne by HDL particles, prevents vascular smooth muscle cells from undergoing apoptosis following elastase-induced cell detachment [4]. Other cell types than those associated with blood vessels can be protected by HDLs however [5]. It has been shown recently for example that HDLs prevent oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-induced apoptosis of bone forming osteoblasts [6], hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte death [7], and apoptosis of pancreatic b cells induced by starvation, IL-1b, LDLs, or endoplasmic reticulum stressors [8 ,9]. One of these latter studies presented a transcriptomic analysis performed on stressed (i.e. starved) insulinoma cells incubated or not with HDLs [8 ]. This led to the identification of at least one gene that may play a role in the regulation of apoptosis by HDLs.