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Sternohyoid and diaphragm muscle form and function during postnatal development in the rat

•  What is the central question of this study? Co‐ordinated activity of the thoracic pump and pharyngeal dilator muscles is critical for maintaining airway calibre and respiratory homeostasis. Whilst postnatal maturation of the diaphragm has been well characterized, surprisingly little is known about the developmental programme in the airway dilator muscles. •  What is the main finding and its importance? Developmental increases in force‐generating capacity and fatigue in the sternohyoid and diaphragm muscles are attributed to a maturational shift in muscle myosin heavy chain phenotype. This maturation is accelerated in the sternohyoid muscle relative to the diaphragm and may have implications for the control of airway calibre in vivo.