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Quantitative physiological studies of genetic variation in the ovarian activity of the rat.

Summary. The ovarian activity of three strains of rat and their crosses was measured in terms of (1) the number of oocytes present at birth, (2) the response to exogenous gonadotrophins as measured by weight and (3) by ovulation rate at 4 weeks of age, and (4) the number of eggs shed at natural oestrus at 12 weeks. The inheritance of the number of oocytes at birth and the weight of the ovaries did not deviate from an additive genetic model, whereas strain cross interactions contributed to the variation in the two measures of ovulation rate. Induced ovulation was related to ovarian weight, but neither of the two measures of response to exogenous hormones was highly correlated with the natural ovulation rate. Variation in the number of eggs shed at natural oestrus was, however, related to the number of oocytes at birth; strain types with high ovulation rates had low oocyte numbers and vice versa. These relationships were interpreted as indicating that the ovarian hormonal conditions which lead to the ovulation of a large number of eggs also led to a relatively small population of oocytes in the ovaries at birth.