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Albinism in Nigeria: a clinical and sociological study

A Study of IOOO albinos, all of Negro stock, showed various types of albinism with their different modes of transmission; these were oculo-cutaneous, ocular, cutaneous and piebald. The striking disparity between albino incidence among the nomadic commimities and the settled communities is related to marriage habits and inbreeding tendencies. The greater the inbreeding tendency, the higher the albino incidence. The sun and the society are hostile to the albinos. Under the merciless tropical sunshine, their melanin-deficient skin develops lentigines, actinic keratoses, wrinkles and epitheliomata from which they die in early adult life or in middle age at best. Albinos are taunted from the cradle to the grave with such names as 'D.O.' (District Officer), a reference to the days when District Officers were Europeans. Myopia and other ocular defects retard their progress in school and they eventually drop out to seek disastrous, menial outdoor occupations. Registering albinos early in life, assuring their families that albino defects are confined to the skin and eyes, advising on protective clothing and sun-screening agents, correction of myopia, assistance with indoor occupations, and early treatment of actinic keratoses and skin cancer are enabling many albinos to attain their natural destiny and a ripe old age.