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White matter architecture of the language network

The relevance of anatomical connectivity for understanding of the neural basis of language was recognized in the 19th century, and yet this topic has only recently become the subject of wider research interest. In this paper, I review recent findings on white matter tracts implicated in language: the arcuate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, extreme capsule, uncinate fasciculus, middle longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. The reviewed findings on these tracts were reported in studies that used a variety of methods, from post-mortem dissection and diffusion imaging to intraoperative electrostimulation with awake surgery patients. The emerging picture suggests that there is currently no consensus with regard to the exact number and identity of the tracts supporting language, their origins, trajectories, and terminations, as well as their functional interpretation.