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[Pediatric venous thromboembolism: review of the literature and news].

Pediatric venous thromboembolism is a multifactorial disorder with an annual incidence of 1/100.000 patients (0-18 years). The presence of central venous catheters is a major trigger for development of venous thrombosis, especially in neonates. As a consequence, thrombosis in the upper extremities are much more frequent in children than in adults. Congenital prothrombotic disorders may play a role in children thrombosis, often in combination with several acquired risk factors like immobilization, serious illness and/or hospitalization. Diagnosis is most frequently made by noninvasive radiologic techniques, like ultrasonography. Prophylaxis and treatment are extrapolated from adult patient protocols or small observational studies performed in small groups of patients.