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The role of spin accumulation in current-induced switching of magnetic layers, or the first 10−12 s in a magnetic multilayer after the current is switched on

We review a scenario for the switching of the magnetization of a layer in a magnetically multilayered structure, in which we focus on the transverse spin accumulation that is attendant to driving the current across the structure when the magnetizations of the layers are non-collinear. This enables one to estimate the threshold current density required for switching in terms of: parameters that can be derived from current perpendicular to the layers transport measurements, and the strength of the local moment conduction electron exchange interaction in transition-metal ferromagnets.