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Optical amplifiers and optical filters for a cost and energy efficient realization of space-division multiplexing

Space-division multiplexing enables fiber capacity increase beyond the limits imposed on single mode fibers by the nonlinear Shannon limit. The capacity increase has to be implemented in a cost and energy efficient way in order to enable a commercially viable solution. Optical amplifiers using multi mode fiber as an active medium achieve better pump power efficiency than multi core fiber based amplifiers due to the higher density of modes. In addition, module optimization approaches can be implemented to further reduce the cost and energy per transported bit. Mutli mode fibers also posess a better capacity upgrade potential than multi core fibers due to the higher density of modes. Multiple input / multiple output processing can be deployed for signal equalization at the receiver, if mode coupling occurs during propagation along the link. An approach using adaptive optical filters for realization of the equalization function in the optical domain enables low installation costs and capacity upgrade on demand by adding transponders for the individual channels.