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The sono-photocatalytic performance of a novel water based Ti+4 coated Al(OH)3-MWCNT’s hybrid nanofluid for dye fragmentation

Abstract The present study investigates the efficiency of a novel 3D artificially illuminated sono-photocatalytic reactor filled with the suspension of Ti+4 coated Al(OH)3-MWCNT's hybrid nanofluid in removing toxic fragments from the industrial wastewater. Within 40 min of reaction time, the synergistic effect of sonication induced photocatalysis achieved 99 percent dye degradation. Using response surface methodology (RSM-CCD) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods, the behaviour of the process in terms of reactor independent variables on dye removal was investigated and optimised. Both approaches proved to have a very good performance in modelling of the process and from RSM model, the optimum experimental conditions were at 0.5 vol% nanofluid concentration, 60 °C nanofluid temperature, and 60 min reaction time. Besides that, a quadratic polynomial equation (R 2 = 0.984) well describes the equilibrium data. Furthermore, the study of variance (ANOVA) approach revealed that the input parameters and their interactions had a substantial impact on the response variable. With an R 2 value of 0.999, the engineered multilayer perceptron ANN successfully validated the experimental findings. Given the significant improvement in photocatalytic degradation of industrial wastewater, the current research can be viewed as a promising pre-treatment step for producing low toxic intermediates.