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Nathan Zuckerman as Irish Jew: James Joyce, National Difference, and Roth's The Counterlife

Allusions to the work of James Joyce throughout Philip Roth's work become particularly complex in The Counterlife, where the character of Leopold Bloom in Ulysses serves as a touchstone for the newly internationalized and middle-aged Nathan Zuckerman. By analyzing the ways in which both Joyce and Roth use their main characters to interrogate the relationship between ethnic self-determination, eroticism, and the external pressures of nationality, one can read The Counterlife as a Joycean meditation on the personal and the aesthetic search for homes in the face of both hostile national and paternal literary influences.