{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03878787878787879, 'fraction_numerical': 0.03272727272727273, 'mean_word_length': 5.164179104477612, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Investigation into the surface selective oxidation of dual‐phase steels by XPS, SAM and SIMS

Surface selective oxides created during continuous annealing (MnO, SiO2, etc.) can have a deleterious effect on coating adhesion after hot‐dip galvanizing. Earlier research works have made it clear that increasing the annealing atmosphere oxidizing potential can alleviate the problem by reducing external surface selective oxidation. In the present study, increasing the water vapour content of the nitrogen–hydrogen protective gas mixture was used to raise its oxidizing potential. The technique was applied to a classical dual‐phase steel (0.15% C, 1.5% Mn, 0.45% Si, 0.05% Al…) that was annealed for 60 s at 800–810°C in protective atmospheres of nitrogen and 5% hydrogen with water vapour contents ranging from 10 to 6000 ppm.