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Rotation of a Gd Moment Vector in an Fe/FeGd/Fe Trilayer Observed by Hysteresis Measurements of the Resonant X-ray Magnetic Reflectivity

We have developed an experimental technique to measure element-specific hysteresis loops of films consisting of a few layers on the thick substrate by resonant X-ray magnetic scattering. The hysteresis loops of Gd in the Fe/FeGd/Fe trilayer are obtained by measuring magnetic field dependence of the magnetic specular scattering intensity at a fixed scattering angle. The Gd magnetization is obtained as a vector from the measurements in two experimental geometries with applied field parallel and perpendicular to the X-ray propagation. This technique can be applied more widely than the usual hysteresis measurements by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism because it requires no X-ray transmission through the sample.