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Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to cell wall antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus

Two murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Aspergillus fumigatus were produced and characterized. Splenocytes from cell wall-immunized BALB/c mice were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. The hybridomas were screened with a cold alkali (CA) extract of mycelium containing protein, mannose, and galactose, and two MAbs of the immunoglobulin M class were purified from ascites fluid. MAbs 1 and 40 were characterized by double immunodiffusion against CA antigen, indirect enzyme immunoassay with mannans of Candida albicans serotypes A or B or Candida tropicalis, indirect immunofluorescence with C. albicans- or A. fumigatus-infected tissues, indirect immunofluorescence with smears of other pathogenic fungi, Western blotting (immunoblotting) with the lectin concanavalin A or BS-1 from the seeds of Bandeirea simplicifolia, and immunoelectron microscopy. MAb 1 did not cross-react with Candida mannan and recognized a periodate-sensitive, pronase- and heat-resistant epitope in CA antigen and three mannose- and galactose-containing components (80, 62, and 49 kilodaltons) of a mycelial homogenate. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated binding of MAb 1 to the inner cell wall and intracellular membranes of hyphae and conidia of A. fumigatus. Circulating antigen was detected in experimental invasive aspergillosis by inhibition enzyme immunoassay with MAb 1 and CA antigen. MAb 40 was a nonprecipitating antibody cross-reactive with Candida species, and competition for an epitope located diffusely in the cell wall of A. fumigatus hyphae was demonstrated by incubating MAb 40 with mannan of C. albicans serotype A. These results suggest that MAb 1 recognizes immunodominant oligogalactoside side chains of A. fumigatus galactomannan, while MAb 40 binds to mannopyranosyl side chains common to A. fumigatus galactomannan and C. albicans mannan.