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Regulation of Microvascular Insulin-Sensitivity by Perivascular Adipose Tissue: A Translational Approach

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are incompletely understood. Microvascular dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of both insulin resistance and hypertension in obesity. Adipose tissue-derived substances (adipokines) and especially inflammatory products of adipose tissue control insulin sensitivity and vascular function. In the past few years, adipose tissue associated with the vasculature, or perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), has been shown to produce a variety of adipokines that contribute to regulation of vascular tone and local inflammation. This introduction describes our current understanding of the mechanisms linking PVAT to vascular function, inflammation and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we will discuss mechanisms controlling the quantity of and adipokines secreted by