{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.051173991571342566, 'fraction_numerical': 0.034918723660445516, 'mean_word_length': 5.271698113207547, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 2, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Histological evaluation at different times after augmentation of extraction sites grafted with a magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite: double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES
To histologically analyze the early angiogenesis-osteogenesis interplay in post-extraction sockets augmented with magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite (Mg-enriched HA).


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Ten post-extraction sites underwent post-extraction ridge preservation procedure. According to randomization, sites were divided into two balanced groups and bone specimens were collected 2 or 4 months after surgery. Sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin, Masson-Goldner trichrome, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), respectively. Furthermore, indirect immunohistochemistry was performed using alkaline phosphatase, CD34 and caveolin-1 antibodies. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each outcome variable. Data were then compared using one-way ANOVA test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.


RESULTS
Histomorphometric analysis presented 15.0% (±3.5) regenerated bone after 2 months of healing. After 4 months, regenerated bone increased 5.1-fold up to 77.4% (± 8.6) (P < 0.001). On the contrary, vessels and capillary reduced from 645 (±33) to 255 (± 94) (caveolin-1 expression, P = 0.008). These findings were confirmed by CD34 expression (301 ± 95 and 88 (±24), respectively, at 2 and 4 months (P = 0.046).


CONCLUSIONS
Within the limits of the present randomized controlled study, it can be concluded that Mg-enriched HA is a suitable material for socket preservation and ensures early angiogenesis and early osteogenesis.