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"This Living Hand": Thirteenth-Century Female Literacy, Materialist Immanence, and the Reader of the Ancrene Wisse

In the thirteenth century in Herefordshire an unidentified cleric wrote the religious guide known as the Ancrene Wisse at the request of three sisters of gentle birth who had chosen to live as anchoresses. Apparently the three sisters mentioned in the Nero manuscript cannot be identified as the three hermits living in the anchorhold of the Deerfold near Wigmore abbey, an identification made by E. J. Dobson's presumed mistranscription of "fratribus" for "sororibus" in a charter mentioning an earlier grant to St. Leonard Sutelsford or La Derefaud.1 However, the anchoresses may have originally been associated with the Augustinian canonesses at Limebrook priory mentioned in an eyre roll in 1221, a group who in Sally Thompson's opinion might well have grown to the sizable community addressed in the Corpus revision of the manuscript as "twenti nude oOer ma" ("now twenty or more").2 Given Bella Millett's arguments for a Dominican origin of the text, we also cannot state certainly that the author was an Augustinian cleric, perhaps Brian of Lingen, as Dobson has so thoroughly argued.3 The work written for the three sisters survives in a handful of relatively complete English versions, in one full French version, and three Latin versions, as well as in a number of revised and excerpted versions in all three languages, addressed either to the original three anchoresses, larger groups of women, or to mixed male and female