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Sealed Environmental Cell Microscopy

To control the environment inside transmission electron microscope (TEM) is very desirable to study dynamic interactions between liquid and solid. Current environmental cells can be divided into two categories, apertured and windowed, depending on the method of containing an aqueous or gaseous media. Both types of environmental cells need a special pumping system or extensive modification of a regular electron microscope. Here, we preliminary report an environmental cell technique in which two thin-film windows simply seal space around specimens. We distinguish such simple sealed capsules from the windowed cells and call them sealed cells. Sealed cells have some advantages, although it is impossible to inject liquid or gas into the cells. First, it is more convenient for observing specimens at wet conditions than the other types of environmental cells. It is easy to modify a TEM holder and TEM for a sealed cell. Second, it allows us to look at specimens at atmospheric pressure, extending capability of windowed environmental cell technique. Third, it allows us to design a reaction chamber that is removable from a TEM holder.