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Immunoproteasome impairment via β5i/LMP7-deletion leads to sustained pancreatic injury and delayed recovery from experimental pancreatitis

Uncovering potential new targets involved in pancreas recovery may permit the development of new therapies and lead to improved outcome of pancreatitis. One of the reported disease mechanisms of pancreatitis comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, since pancreatic acini exhibit high levels of protein synthesis and subsequently, ER stress. A key regulator to prevent proteotoxic stress in an inflammatory context is the immunoproteasome, an induced form of the constitutive proteasome. Our aim was therefore to investigate the role of the immunoproteasome in acute pancreatitis. In this study, we demonstrate that immunoproteasome-deficiency by deletion of the β5i/LMP7-subunit correlates with persistent pancreatic damage. Interestingly, immunoproteasome-deficient mice unveil increased activity of pancreatic enzymes in the acute disease phase as well as higher secretion of Interleukin-6 and transcript expression of the Interleukin IL-1β, IFN-β cytokines and the CXCL-10 chemokine. Cell death was increased in immunoproteasome-deficient mice, which appears to be due to the greater accumulation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates and prolonged unfolded protein response. Accordingly, our findings suggest that the immunoproteasome plays a protective role in acute pancreatitis via its role in the clearance of damaged proteins and the balance of ER-stress responses in pancreatic acini as well as in macrophages cytokine production.