{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.00975609756097561, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.623655913978495, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Atypical presentations of macular holes.

OBJECTIVE
To describe nine cases of macular holes with atypical presentations and propose possible mechanistic explanations.


SETTING
The steps leading to typical idiopathic macular hole formation have recently been defined.


PATIENTS
Patients included seven with previous retinal detachment and subsequent macular hole formation and two with macular hole formation after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane removal.


CONCLUSIONS
The occurrence of these cases may seem to contradict reported pathogenesis schemes, but they are explainable within reported grading schemes.