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The impact of chronic kidney disease on long-term outcomes following semi-urgent and elective percutaneous coronary intervention

Introduction The effects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on outcomes in patients undergoing semi-urgent and elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are unclear. This study aims to investigate impact of CKD on long-term outcomes of this population. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent semi-urgent and elective PCI from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2015 at a tertiary academic center. They were stratified into five groups – group 1 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥90 ml/min/1.73m2], group 2 (eGFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73m2), group 3 (eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2), group 4 (eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73m2), and group 5 (dialysis). Demographics, risk factors in relation to endpoints of all-cause mortality, contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), three-point major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (cardiac death, subsequent myocardial infarction, subsequent stroke), and four-point MACE (including target lesion revascularization) were analyzed. Results One thousand six hundred nine patients were included. Advanced CKD patients were more likely to be female and older, with higher prevalence of co-morbidities. Compared to group 1, group 4 patients were associated with increased risk of three-point [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–3.55; P = 0.031] and four-point MACE (aHR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.21–3.80; P = 0.009). However, higher contrast volume usage [odds ratio (OR) 2.20, 95% CI: 1.04–4.68; P = 0.040) was associated with increased CIN risk but not reduced eGFR (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 0.57–4.65; P = 0.369). Conclusion Advanced CKD patients undergoing PCI were associated with higher co-morbid burden. Despite adjustments for co-morbidities, these patients had higher mortality and worse cardiovascular outcomes at 3 years following contemporary PCI.