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Enzymes as Biocatalysts: Review on Investigations on Synthesis, Mechanism, Kinetics, Applications and Potential

Sustainable development is becoming the goal of many investigations carried out in chemistry and chemical engineering. Because of the waste generated by chemical reactions, there is a shift from traditional thinking about the catalyst's yield, selectivity, efficiency, and effectiveness. Mild, low temperature, highly selective alternative was found in biological reactions. Biocatalyst application fulfills the two important requirements. It does not deplete natural resources and does not have any significant environmental footprints. Modeling of biological reactions is a very important area of investigation on enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Monod and Moser growth kinetics can be applied to cell growth and substrate utilization. The discovery of new enzymes and optimization of the synthesis and application methods for biocatalysts are being investigated widely for better and industrially applicable technologies.