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Cloning and characterization of the Escherichia coli K-12 alanine-valine transaminase (avtA) gene

avtA, which encodes the alanine-valine transaminase, transaminase C, was cloned in vivo with high- and low-copy-number mini-Mu cloning vectors. The phenotype conferred by the cloned avtA+ gene usually depended upon the plasmid copy number; most high-copy-number avtA+ plasmids permitted isoleucine-requiring ilvE strains to grow in the absence of isoleucine (multicopy suppression), while low-copy-number avtA+ plasmids did not. avtA was mapped to a 1.25-kilobase segment by comparison of the restriction maps of 24 independent mini-Mu plasmids and then by gamma-delta (Tn1000) mutagenesis of a pBR322-avtA+ plasmid. The direction of transcription of avtA on the cloned fragment was determined with fusions to a promoterless lac gene.