{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01734906315058987, 'fraction_numerical': 0.004163775156141568, 'mean_word_length': 4.909836065573771, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Emergency pyelography in renal colic.

A comparative study between the results obtained from conventional pyelography and immediate pyelography during renal colic was undertaken during a period of 18 months, at RNFf Malta.Forty-seven patients were examined and there were only four cases with no signs of renal calculus. This is a great improvement on the accuracy obtained by the delayed method. The patients with calculi were examined radiologically until the site of obstruction was determined. In patients who showed the nephrographic effect, the earliest results were obtained in one hour; the majority in two to three hours, and, in the most prolonged examination, a 10 hour follow-up was necessary. The site of the obstruction is important from the point of view of the surgical approach. The interesting feature when obstruction was demonstrated was that approximately 40 per cent of calculi were non-opaque.Estimates were also made of function and the degree of hydronephrosis. Renal enlargement was measured and the return to normal in these indirect signs was followed up in the majority of cases.In one case pyelography repeated in five days, after the passage of a small calculus, showed a return to normal. In several other cases where pyelography was repeated within two to three weeks, a normal appearance was also seen. It is in this group of patients that conventional delayed pyelography would miss the signs of pathology.