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Preliminary study on zinc removal from aqueous solution by sago wastes

In this study, sago wastes were investigated for its potential in removing Zn from aqueous solution. The equilibrium adsorption level has been studied under varying conditions of time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose, particle size and pH. The adsorption parameters were analyzed using Freundlich 
and Langmuir models. Kinetics of adsorption of Zn on adsorbents were determined and correlation relationship 
between kinetics of Zn adsorption and with pseudo first order and pseudo second order rate was determined. 
The physico-chemical properties such as determination of functional groups, moisture content and ash content 
were also investigated. The adsorption of Zn increased with increasing treatment time and the equilibrium of 
the adsorption was attained after 40 minutes The data showed that at initial concentration of 5 mg/l, the 
percentage of Zn removal based on the particle sizes of 300 µm, 500 µm and 1200 µm are 74 %, 47.6 % and 
55.4 % respectively. The percentages of removal increase after the initial concentration of Zn reach 40 mg/l to 
100 mg/l and the percentage of Zn removal based on the particle sizes of 300 µm, 500 µm and 1200 µm at 100 mg/l 
are 6.93%, 7.78% and 10.03% respectively. The study shows that the adsorption gives an optimum value at 
pH 9, best fitted on Langmuir isotherm model with maximum capacity of adsorption of 10.4 mg/l and obey the pseudo second-order rate equation of adsorption kinetic. However, at pH 7 which represents the normal pH 
range in wastewater treatment, maximum Zn adsorption is only 0.45 mg/g. It is recommended that further complimentary study should be conducted, for instance the sago wastes should be modified chemically in order 
to further enhance the removal of heavy metals from solution.