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Kinetics of incorporation of DNA precursors from ingested bacteria into macronuclear DNA of Paramecium aurelia.

SYNOPSIS. The kinetics of transfer of tritium-labeled material from the DNA of ingested bacteria into macronuclear DNA of Paramecium was examined by autoradiography. Bacteria labeled with tritiated thymidine were almost immediately incorporated into food vacuoles, thus becoming available for digestion and a potential source of labeled DNA precursors. Soluble label derived from food vacuoles appeared in low concentrations in the cytoplasm soon after cells were transferred to medium with labeled bacteria; incorporation of labeled precursors into macronuclear DNA began within 5 min. 
 
 
 
Labeled food vacuoles remained as potential sources of tritiated DNA precursors for a long and variable period after removal of labeled cells to non-labeled medium. The activity of the soluble cytoplasmic DNA precursors decreased parallel to the loss of labeled food vacuoles and no soluble DNA precursors were carried over from one macronuclear DNA synthetic period to the next. 
 
 
 
Labeling experiments were designed, using this information, which allowed determination of the pattern of macronuclear DNA synthesis and nuclear mass increase during the cell cycle. Macronuclear DNA synthesis began 25–30% of the way thru the cell cycle, continued at a constant rate during the middle half, and decreased in rate during the last quarter. Macronuclear mass increased in an approximately linear fashion, beginning with the onset of DNA synthesis and doubling by the time of karyokinesis.