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Comparison of high-flow nasal cannula versus conventional oxygen therapy following extubation after paediatric cardiac surgery

Background: Respiratory complications after cardiac surgery increase morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay. Oxygen administered using a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) improves oxygenation because of its ease of implementation, tolerance and clinical effectiveness. We sought to compare this technique with conventional oxygen therapy (OT) after extubation following paediatric cardiac surgery. We compared HFNC versus conventional OT in postoperative paediatric cardiac surgical patients. Our primary objective was to evaluate the relative efficiency of improving PaCO2elimination in the first 48 h following extubation. Patients and Methods: A single-centre, prospective, unblinded, randomised controlled trial was conducted in a 15-bedded post-cardiac intensive care unit on 50 paediatric cardiac surgical patients