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Serological Markers and Celiac Disease: A New Diagnostic Approach?

We analyze the diagnostic efficacy of two celiac disease serological markers: anti-gliadin (IgA and IgG class) and anti-endomysium IgA-class (EmA-IgA) antibodies applied to 336 serum samples from celiac patients on both gluten-challenge and gluten-free diets, and a control group. The anti-gliadin and anti-endomysium antibodies levels were significantly higher among the gluten-consuming celiac patients than in the other groups. The greatest efficacy in diagnosing celiac disease was achieved in the Ema-IgA class test. The IgA-class anti-gliadin antibodies proved to be more specific, with a higher positive test predictive value than the IgG-class anti-gliadin antibodies, whereas the latter proved to be more sensitive, with a higher negative test predictive value than those of the IgA-class anti-gliadin antibodies. Our results also demonstrate that the simultaneous assessment of anti-gliadin IgA- and IgG-class antibodies constitutes a valid test in selecting patients suspected of having celiac disease. In turn the EmA-IgA antibodies constitute a confirmative test for indication of an intestinal biopsy.