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Partition, Migration, and ‘Sons of the Soil’

This chapter chronicles the emergence of a ‘sons of the soil’ movement following the tumultuous events of partition. Partition massively altered the demography of Sindh, with the exodus of Hindus and arrival of Muslim migrants (Muhajirs) from India. The Muhajirs quickly dominated the urban centers, administration and economy of Sindh. This period also saw the beginning of Sindh’s struggle for autonomy as the Centre separated Karachi from Sindh and later merged Sindh with One Unit—the new mega-province that incorporated the whole of West Pakistan. The removal of Sindhi language from public life in the province exacerbated Sindhi feelings of alienation. These developments led to the ‘sons of the soil’ movement of G. M. Syed, which adopted various strategies to resist the hegemony of the Centre.