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Sage-Knowledge and Equality in the Zhuangzi

The Zhuangzi has many dimensions, and it can be read in many ways. In the following I try to sound its philosophical depths. But here we immediately face an impasse. Philosophy is a Greek invention, and in its specificity foreign to the Zhuangzi. And yet it seems unreasonable to deny philosophical depth to the Zhuangzi. This impasse has been the source of interminable discussion. The present essay contributes to this discussion a modest proposal. If, as Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari suggest, the death of the sage is the precondition for philosophy (1994: 3), then we may say that the Zhuangzi inaugurates philosophy in China. For, as we will see, in the Zhuangzi the idea of sage-knowledge (shengzhi 聖知) is abandoned and the search for equality and freedom begins aided only by friends and our common intelligence.