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An Automatic Algorithm to Retrieve Wave Height From X-Band Marine Radar Image Sequence

A new method is proposed to retrieve wave height from an X-band marine radar image sequence, without external measurements for reference. The X-band marine radar image sequence is first decomposed by empirical orthogonal function (EOF), and then the sea surface height profile is reconstructed and scaled from the first EOF mode. The radial profiles that are close to the peak wave direction are used to extract the zero-crossing wave periods and relative wave heights. The spectral width parameter is deduced from the histogram of a dimensionless wave period. Based on a joint probability distribution function (pdf) of a dimensionless wave period and wave height, the theoretical pdf of the wave height is derived. A shape parameter is defined for the theoretical pdf and the histogram of the relative wave heights, and then the calibration coefficient is estimated. The method is validated by comparing the significant wave heights retrieved from two different X-band marine radar systems with those measured by buoy; the correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error, and the bias between them are 0.78, 0.51 m, and −0.19 m for HH polarization, while they are 0.77, 0.51 m, and 0.19 m for VV polarization, respectively. The sources of error of the method are discussed.