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Myeloid differentiation factor 88‐dependent signalling controls bacterial growth during colonization and systemic pneumococcal disease in mice

The Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) are key players in the activation of the innate immune defence during microbial infections. Using different murine infection models,  we  show  that  MyD88‐dependent  signalling  is crucial for the activation of the innate immune defence against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Our data demonstrate that both local and systemic inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae depends on the presence of MyD88 to clear bacterial colonization of the upper  respiratory  tract  and  to  prevent  pulmonary  and systemic infection in mice. Finally, we described a strong correlation between enhanced bacterial growth in the bloodstream of MyD88‐deficient mice and the inability to lower the serum iron concentration in response to infection.