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two essays on the history of the theory of errors

These essays extract two threads from the complicated history of the theory of errors in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The first extends from the Theoria motus corporum coelestium (1809) of Gauss through a piece by his student Richard Dedekind (1860) to a paper by Carl Luroth (1876). The second extends back from Fisher's Statistical Methods for Research Workers (1925) to Student (1908) and Fisher (1912) to 19th century textbooks. The Gauss-Dedekind-Luroth line produced Bayesian analysis for the normal regression model while the Fisher line developed sampling theory analysis. The first line worked on problems from astronomy and geodesy, the second on problems from biology and agriculture. The second line saw the merging of the theory of errors and biometry into a new discipline, mathematical statistics.