{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.011226944667201283, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.603174603174603, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Leak detection through wavelet analysis of pressure measurement for injected pressure for a simple pipeline system

An effective leak detection method is one of the most demanding techniques for the management of water distribution systems. A leak detection scheme with pressure wave analysis using a rapid manipulation of hydraulic boundary conditions is not always suitable owing to substantial pressure variation, which can result in undesirable consequences for pipeline systems. The introduction of a relatively small pressure pulse through a regulated pressure generator can substantially diminish the potential damage of highor low-pressure surges. Wave reflection due to the leakage boundary condition can be useful for predicting the leak location based on the time-domain reflectometry of the pressure signal. Further elaborate analysis for leak detection can be performed using wavelet analysis of the pressure signal, which provides leak response features in the time/frequency domain. Two distinct experimental conditions were employed to illustrate the impact of resonance on the hydraulic structure, such as a pressurized tank. The developed method demonstrates the potential of leak detection in a laboratory-scale pipeline system.