{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.014585764294049008, 'fraction_numerical': 0.003500583430571762, 'mean_word_length': 5.751968503937008, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Peribulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide as an outpatient clinic procedure in the management of mild to moderate macular edema

Background Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is the most common and most blinding ophthalmic complication. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an essential manifestation of diabetic retinopathy that occurs across all its severity levels. Several intraocular treatment modalities for diabetic eye disease exist, including per-bulbar steroid injections. This study was conducted aiming to study the clinical effect and central macular thickness decrease following an outpatient clinic simple procedure of peribulbar injection of prepared triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) as a single procedure. Patients and methods This study was performed on 100 eligible eyes in 70 consecutive patients. The study involved three times peribulbar injections of prepared TAA separated by 3-week interval with repeated follow-up of patients. Results The study revealed that repeated peribulbar injections of TAA resulted in significant visual acuity improvement and significant reduction in the central macular thickness in optical coherence tomography measurement. However, this was associated with a transient increase in intraocular pressure and lower lid edema (swelling). Our results confirm the usefulness of repeated peribulbar injections of TAA in mild to moderate DME management. Conclusion Peribulbar TAA injections should be regarded as a treatment for DME. Multicenter randomized trials must be performed comparing this therapy with other available and well-known modality treatments, and more extended follow-up periods are needed in future studies.