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Development and Evaluation of a Dipstick Assay for Detection ofPlasmodium falciparumandP. vivaxsporozoites in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract We developed a nitrocellulose-based, dipstick circumsporozoite (CS)-enzyme immunoassay [ELISA] for the simultaneous detection ofPlasmodium falciparumandP. vivax−210 CS protein. The assay had a detection threshold of <250P. falciparumor 400P. vivaxsporozoites per sample, gave results concordant with dissection of salivary glands and CS-ELISA, but was slightly less sensitive than the CS-ELISA in microtiter plates. The assay consistently detected one infected mosquito in a pool of 10 or 20 mosquitoes, and was 100% specific in discriminating between species ofPlasmodiumwhen mosquito suspensions were spiked with sporozoites. The assay could be completed in 1 h, required no specialized equipment, and therefore was useful for field applications.