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Analysis of the carbon footprint of freight transport in the mass market retail sector: a case study in Campania (Italy)

The transport sector in general, and freight transport in particular, releases a significant share of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and is the major responsible source for global climate change. The mass-market retail sector plays an important role in this context. Notwithstanding growing attention towards sustainability, calculations of the carbon footprint and related mitigation actions in this sector are mainly carried out with reference only to the premises of the company, i.e., accounting for direct emissions from its facilities, while very little is known and done about the emissions caused by logistics and transport activities along the supply chain. This paper fills a gap in the literature, by presenting a case study of tank-to-wheel carbon emissions of a small-medium retail cooperative company located in the Campania region. The company's entire yearly transport attracted and generated has been reconstructed using company data and direct observations of warehouses, distribution centres, and stores. Interestingly, customers of retail stores have also been investigated to calculate their overall carbon footprint. Tank-to-wheel emissions were calculated using COPERT software. The analysis reveals interesting prospects for the carbon footprint of the retail sector and suggests a number of complementary actions to be implemented to make freight transport operations in the sector more sustainable.