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Prevalence of Non‐Specific Cross‐Reactive Epitopes to Bovine Factor Va Light Chain Fragments in Normal and Patient Plasma

Several reports have described the presence of antibodies to bovine coagulation factors in plasma from patients exposed to topical bovine thrombin as well as in patients without exposure to bovine thrombins. The antibodies that develop in surgical patients treated with topical thrombin may be responsible for the bleeding and thrombotic complications. Plasma samples from patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD, n‐80), acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n=160), burns (n=40) and healthy normal volunteers (n=140) were profiled for the presence of human and bovine factor V antigens by ELISA and Western blotting. Factor V antigen levels were increased in the ESRD (148±30%), ACS (164±41%) and burn (145±27%) patients. All groups tested for the presence of immunoreactive material to bovine factor V light chain exhibited 2–3 μg/ml levels. However, in the Western blotting studies, all groups exhibited cross‐reactivity with the factor Va light chain epitopes. There were bands present with molecular weights of 22, 36, 45 and 97 kDa in both the ESRD and ACS patients. In the ACS patients, there was an additional band observed at 166 kDa. These observations underscore the notion that anti‐bovine factor V antibodies are non‐specific and highly prevalent in both surgical/interventional patients and the normal population. A possible explanation for the presence of these antibodies is that most people are exposed to bovine proteins through their diet. Moreover, the higher prevalence of these antibodies in the ESRD and ACS patients may be due to additional exposure to bovine products such as heparin and aprotinin.