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Change of plans.

A CHANGE OF PLANS BY MAJ Lester W. Knotts, USA, 59 pages. Using the 1983 US invasion of Grenada and the 1992-3 military humanitarian intervention in Somalia as case studies, this monograph shows how post-Cold War operational planning can benefit from the experiences gained from recent deployments. The cases are taken from before and after the Goldwater-Nichols defense Reorganization Act of 1986 to show the impact on joint operations caused by that legislation. Criteria used to assess the relative success of both operations comes from FM 100-7, Decisive Force: The Army in Theater Operations. The three criteria chosen for this study were achieving the theater goals while striving for limited casualties, nesting the operational commander's intent with National Command Authority intent, and meshing the tactical commander's intent with the theater commander's intent. The monograph goes on to recommend further adjustments to Crisis Action Planning for the purpose of making rapid planning more inclusive of necessary participants from the Joint Planning and Execution Community. A model showing why illustrative scenario planning for deliberate plans ought to give way to frequently exercised Crisis Action Planning is presented. The argument is that high probability lesser conflicts will emerge more frequently and call on military resources more often than low probability high intensity conflict. The US military ought to prepare for both, but practice planning more for those interventions which will be more frequently encountered. The paper also suggests more comprehensive integration of political aims into military execution by promoting continuous exchange among military and civilian planners. SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES MONOGRAPH APPROVAL Major Lester W. Knotts Title of Monograph: A Change of Plans