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Genotype-environment interaction and phenotypic stability for fruit yield and its components of tomato in Dara'a Governorate, Syria

Fourteen landraces of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown for three successive years; 2011-2012 and 2013 at Scientific Agricultural Research Center of Dara'a, GCSAR, Syria to estimate the magnitude of genotype-environment interaction and phenotypic stability for number of primary branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit average weight (g) and fruit yield per plant (kg). For a given characteristic, a desirable, widely adaptable and stable genotype was defined as one with an individual mean performance greater than the grand mean, a regression coefficient (bi = 1), and deviation mean squares (S2di = 0). Mean squares due to genotypes (landraces), environments (years) and genotype-environment interaction were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) for most of the characteristics studied. The genotype-environment interaction (linear) components along with pooled deviation were significant for number of fruits per plant; suggesting importance of both linear and non-linear components in building up total G x E interaction. Five landraces; 20198, 20292, 20339, 20364 and 20402 were considered high yielding, performance stable and suitable for all environments for fruit yield. While only one landrace 20303 was considered high yielding, stable and specifically adapted under favorable or rich environments. These landraces may be exploited for commercial cultivation in tomato growing areas of Dara'a Governorate after an extensive testing concerning quality characteristics.