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Factors affecting the observed sex ratio in parthenogenetic Schwiebea elongata (Acari: Acaridae) in Japan

Abstract The acarid mite, Schwiebea elongata, was demonstrated to reproduce via thelytokous parthenogenesis, but males were observed in laboratory populations. Experiments demonstrated that male sex ratio was not affected by different food substrates nor temperature variation from 10-30°C. Artificial selection of daughters and sisters of females which produced more male offspring increased the observed male ratio in laboratory colonies from 0 to 0.30 in five generations. Males appeared normal with respect to observed copulation and antagonistic behaviors, although actual sperm transfer or fertilization were not demonstrated. Although thelytoky appears to be the primary reproductive mode in this species, normal bisexual reproduction or deuterotoky cannot yet be ruled out.