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[Back pain prevention through the correct allocation of school furniture: validation of two instruments.]

OBJECTIVE
At school age pain in the lower back is common. There is evidence that an adequate fit between the dimensions of the school furniture and the anthropometric characteristics will result in an improvement in their posture and a reduction in pain. The objectives of this research were to determine the degree of mismatch of furniture in primary education, check if the sizes of the current regulations are adequate and validate two instruments that allow teachers to correctly assign furniture.


METHODS
92 elementary students participated. Measurements to determine the ideal height of the chair and table were made with an anthropometer in a Galician public school in 2019. The recorded values were compared with those obtained by the two measurement instruments to be validated: TAIS and TAIM. The analysis techniques used were: descriptive, one-way ANOVA, t-test and effect size, significance level ρ<0.05.


RESULTS
The mismatch between the furniture used in the classrooms and that calculated as ideal was 93.5% for chairs and 97.6% for tables. In 51% of cases they needed different chair and table sizes. The correlational analysis of the instruments to be validated showed an r=0.994 in the chair and r=0.99 in the table.


CONCLUSIONS
The level of mismatch between the furniture and the anthropometric dimensions of the students was high. A reorganization of the sizes in the classroom is necessary, being able to follow the European size regulations and using furniture allocation instruments such as those proposed for their high level of correlation.