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Virtual reality aided assembly with directional vibro-tactile feedback

We introduce different approaches to user interface devices that provide directed tactile feedback to the user's hand. The basic idea is to enhance the user's six degrees of freedom of interaction within virtual or augmented environments by offering an additional three-dimensional tactile feedback as an immediate, directed response from the virtual world. We also describe the prototype systems TactilePointer and TACTool, which utilize vibro-motors, alarm buzzers, and piezo bend elements as actuators in combination with magnetic and optical tracking. The prototypes have been informally tested within collision sensitive virtual environments.