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Factors causing climatologically high temperatures in a hottest city in Japan: a multi‐scale analysis of Tajimi

In this study, multi‐scale climatological features of extreme high temperature (EHT) events in Tajimi, the hottest cities in Japan, were investigated using observational data collected by the Japan Meteorological Agency over the past 23 years, and original data observed by the authors over the last 3 years. Results revealed the background factors that lead to climatologically high temperatures in Tajimi: the occurrence of a characteristic pressure pattern called ‘whale’: the synoptic‐scale factors, and the urbanization of Tajimi: the meso‐γ‐scale factors. In addition, the high temperatures measured in Tajimi are affected by the foehn‐like westerly airflow coming from the mountains located in the northwest/west towards the Nobi Plain where Tajimi is located at the east end: the meso‐β‐scale factors, and the location of the Tajimi observation site, which is within an urbanized area where the highest temperatures tend to be observed: the micro‐scale factors. In contrast, statistical analysis demonstrated that the small‐scale basin effects and soil dryness around Tajimi were of lesser importance than aforementioned factors, in the occurrence of EHT events in Tajimi.