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Real-Time Simulation of Electric Vehicle Battery Charging Systems

The sale of electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly increasing around the world due to EVs’ efficiency and energy security. Charging systems play a vital role in electric vehicle. Charging systems can be categorized into three levels according to Society of Automatic Engineers (SAE). This paper presents the topologies of three types of charging systems. The charging systems are simulated in RT-Lab real-time simulator. The input ac for Level 1 and Level 2 charging systems is single-phase. The charging system consists of two diode bridge rectifiers, a power factor correction (PFC) boost circuit, a DC/AC converter, an LLC resonant converter, and a high frequency transformer. Constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) control is employed for the DC/AC converter. The Level 3 charging system uses a three-phase source as input and its bi-directional converter is equipped with reactive power and DC bus voltage control. Three testbeds are setup to simulate the three types of charging systems with different charging power levels. A 10 kWh-battery will be charged. Simulation results demonstrate the expected charging performance of the charging systems.