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Beaches and HABs: Successful Expansion of the Florida Red Tide Reporting System for Protection of Public Health through Community Education and Outreach.

Background: Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) occur throughout the world with Florida having the distinction of being home to all major toxin-producing marine, estuarine and freshwater microalgae. The subtropical warm climate, 1200 miles of coastline, varied aquatic habitats and the human interface through seafood consumption and from water activities compose an environment where the presence of aquatic toxins can have a significant impact on public health. In Florida, the estimated annual economic impacts from HABs are in the magnitude of millions of dollars with direct effects to both tourism and public health. Nationwide, approximately $22 million is attributable to public health issues related to seafood ingestion alone (Anderson et al., 2000). Additional costs yet to be determined relate to respiratory illness, lost wages due to illness and increased burden on the health care. During the past two decades there has been a dramatic increase in the population along Florida’s coastline; 80% of the population lives near the coast and greater numbers either vacation or participate in recreational activities at the shore. Coincident with this increase in population, has been an apparent increase in frequency and distribution of toxic blooms. In the waters off Florida, blooms of the microscopic, toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (known as the environmental phenomenon ‘red tide’, though not specific to K. brevis) have occurred in the Gulf of Mexico 25 out of 26 years since records have been kept (Figure 1).