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Reinventing Soviet visual memory: a case study of Marina Goldovskaya's documentary Solovki Power

ABSTRACT In her 1988 film Vlast' Solovetskaia/Solovki Power Russian documentarian Marina Goldovskaya pushes the changing limits of the permissible in the Soviet Union during perestroika. Solovki Power, a glasnost-era memory vehicle, introduces a new counter-narrative into Soviet culture and collective memory. The multi-voiced narrative is constructed not only by the memories of those who experienced the camp, including the intelligentsia, women, prison guards and members of the working class, but also by the strong presence of the film-maker and the narrator. Through this film, Goldovskaya attempts to rewrite the canonical history and official ideologies of the Soviet past, thereby deconstructing the Soviet political mythology. Unlike many re-evaluations of Stalinism from the Soviet period, Goldovskaya uses Solovki as a metaphor for a systemic critique of the Soviet Union. Her criticism of the Gulag state, however, leaves intact the memory of Lenin, the Party and the October Revolution. Solovki Power also represents a shift that was becoming increasingly prevalent during the perestroika-era: a change from the idea that the state has authorial control over the content of documentary films, with its ability to tightly control the film-making process from script to screening, to the director as the implied author of the film.