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Some Implications of the British Experience with an All-Volunteer Army

The change from a conscription to an all-volunteer system of recruitment constitutes a major problem for the United States armed forces in the near future. In fact, several authors have raised the possibility that an all-volunteer force might not be able to attract and retain a sufficient number of men and officers (e.g., Moskos, 1971). There is little need to explain the importance of recruitment. An organization which fails to attract a sufficient number of new members faces extinction. Further, the characteristics of new members allow or prevent an organization from reaching its goals. For example, should the U.S. Army be unable to attract college graduates in sufficient numbers, it would probably have to develop educational programs that would absorb resources earmarked for other purposes. Since the number and quality of new members constitutes a key dimension of organizational functioning, it is worth examining whether or not the United States will face problems similar to those of Great Britain, who made her armed forces all-volunteer in 1961. Cross-cultural comparisons should be made with caution; nevertheless, the British experience with an all-volunteer force constitutes a unique source of data which can provide insight Pacific Sociological Rev., Vol. 16 No. 2, Apr. 1973 ?1973 Pacific Sociological Assn.