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THE FIGURE AND THE TEXT

1971. In "From Work to Text," Roland Barthes argues that an epistemological shift and a displacement of object have taken place in the field of literary theory. In Barthes's criticism, the movement from work to Text in the field of literary understanding was understood as a transformation of the activity of reading, described in the later essay through the deployment of seven figures: method, genre, signs, plurality, filiation (authorship), reading, and pleasure. According to Barthes, the work is an empirical object while the Text is a "methodological field" or a "process of demonstration." Therefore, the movement from work to Text opens onto a reading whose purpose is to establish the intelligibility of the literary object through a process of transposition or rewriting. Moreover, whereas the work confines itself to the field of the sign, a logocentric space where reading is presupposed as an exchange of meaning or a reciprocal relation between author and consumer, the Barthesian Text is understood as an "irreducible plural" or an expansive "weave of signifiers." What is irreducible here is the potential relation between meaning and text which is never one of pure identity. Rather than a consumption or exhaustion of the work, reading becomes instead an activity of freeplay, an infinite deferral of the signified. Once again, Barthes's S/Z founds an exemplary practice in this respect. Rather than an interpretation or explication, what Barthes achieves is simultaneously a detailed picture of the processes and procedures of meaning subtending the "readerly" work and a complication of our notion of reading as a "writerly" activity. In fact, reading becomes a form of writing, the actualization of Text.