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Pincer Nails: Definition and Surgical Treatment

BACKGROUND There are four main types of ingrown nail. These are distal nail embedding, juvenile (subcutaneous) ingrown nail, hypertrophy of the lateral nail fold (lip), and pincer nail. OBJECTIVE The etiology of pincer nail may be hereditary or acquired. The mechanism of the most common form, an enlarged base of the distal bony phalanx, is discussed. METHODS Use of roentgenogram and magnetic resonance imaging highlights exophytes of the base and dorsal hyperostosis of the distal phalanx. RESULTS Global assessment may lead in mild cases to medical therapy. Usually, however, the lateral matrix horn must be surgically removed or cauterized by phenol. Dermal grafting under the nail matrix provides excellent long-term results.