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Keep your heads down!: ignored features of driver assistance systems can influence drivers' responses

Motivation -- To determine the effect, ignored features in warning displays can have on drivers' performance.
 Research approach -- In an experimental setup, participants (N=36) completed two tasks simultaneously. A continuous tracking task simulated driving requirements, while foot pedal presses simulated braking in response to the colour of warning displays. The warning displays contained relevant (i.e., the colour) and ignored features. They could be presented in a head-up or a head-down manner.
 Findings/Design -- The results suggest that responses shown at an earlier encounter of the warning display can be facilitated by the repeated presentation of an ignored feature of the warning. This effect was found for head-up but not for head-down setups.
 Research Implications -- Ignored features of a warning display influences drivers' performance only if the display is presented in a head-up manner.
 Originality/Value -- The findings evidence for the first time that responses can be retrieved by ignored stimuli in a dual task situation. The research demonstrates the need for designers to consider also the influence of ignored features of advanced driver assistance systems on drivers' reactions.
 Take away message -- Ignored features of driver assistance systems can influence drivers' responses and should be carefully considered in the design of head-up display warnings.