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Illuminance or Brightness? Which Factor Plays the Major Role in the Change of Mood and Rhythm?

Recently, not a few clinicians and researchers have applied light therapy to the treatment of several circadian rhythm sleep disorders, other than seasonal affective disorder. While many studies have demonstrated the significant therapeutic effects on the mood or rhythm disturbances, there has been considerable individual difference in response to the therapy. Moreover, blind investigation of the effects of light therapy has been thought to be nearly impossible, for the light intensity is easy to be appreciable for the patients. So, some investigators suggest the possibility that the therapeutic effects can be interpreted as the results of the placebo or patients’ expectation. Dawson and Campbell (1990) attributed the individual differences to the difference of proximity to and gaze behavior at the light source. Although transmitted light intensity, as measured in lux (illuminance), rapidly decreases as a function of the distance between the light and the patient, subjective brightness of the light is almost constant, and associated with the intensity of the light source itself as measured in candela (luminance). By introducing the factor “distance,” we can make the dissociation between ‘‘lux’’ and “brightness.” The author utilized the dissociation to investigate the effectiveness of the light therapy by the blind method.