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Aminomethyl-functionalized carbon nanotube as a novel host of small sulfur clusters for high performance Li-S batteries.

Here we propose an effective strategy to stabilize the small sulfur species via the aminomethyl groups functionalized carbon nanotube (AM-CNT) without impairing the conductive channel of the carbon nanotube (CNT) cathode. The linear S n clusters can be strongly anchored with the AM-CNT via the favorable size of n = 5 and the maximum size of n = 6 in the production of cathode, thus effectively depressing the mass loss of active sulfur and completely eliminating the formation of high-order polysulfides during the discharging process. The most stable composite of three-dimensional cross-linked Inter-S 5 -AM-CNT network can endow a fast electron transfer redox reaction through the CNT skeleton, possessing a theoretical capacity of 1337 mA h g -1 (based on sulfur) or 592 mA h g -1 (based on cathode). The discharging products of linear S 5 cluster tend to form a hyper-branched tight structure via N…S…Li bridges, which is fully impregnated in the AM-CNT bundles, and thus stabilizing the entire system. More importantly, this study provides vital guidance into how to design the small sulfur clusters based cathode for Li-S batteries to intrinsically depress the shuttle effect during the charging-discharging cycles, which can be extended to the other small sulfur cluster based batteries.