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Subsidies for production of Chironomus calligraphus larvae (Chironomidae, Diptera) in the laboratory

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature, type of mineral substrate, and type and amount of feed on the growth of Chironomus calligraphus as a subsidy for the production of Chironomus larvae to feed the fish. Egg production was evaluated at 22, 25, and 28 °C on fine (0.074–0.210 mm), or silty sand (0.002–0.250 mm), and no mineral substrate as control. For larval production, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mg/larvae of fish feed, poultry feed, or turkey manure were used as food. The highest number of egg masses was produced when mineral substrates and 25 °C were used, but the higher number of eggs/mass was registered in the control. Therefore, the total number of eggs and hatched larvae produced was the same in the presence or in the absence of mineral substrates (p > 0.05). The best results for survival and growth were recorded for larvae reared with fish or poultry food. The increase in the amount of feed was correlated with weight gain only for larvae fed with poultry feed, with no reduction in survival.