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Sensitivity Analysis of S-Parameter Measurements Due to Nonideal SOLR Calibration Standards

In this article, with the reformulation of short-open-load-reciprocal (SOLR), the influence of nonideal standards on S-parameter uncertainties is investigated by two different methods. The SOLR calibration algorithm is reformulated by our recently proposed theory, which helps to simplify the mathematical derivation. Then, based on the uncalibration model, the one-step and two-step methods are developed for the sensitivity analysis of SOLR. These two methods come from different theories that were originally developed for SOLT and TRL, respectively. Finally, the analytical expressions of the sensitivity coefficients are derived, and the results obtained from these two methods are proved to be just opposite in sign.