{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.020887728459530026, 'fraction_numerical': 0.012184508268059183, 'mean_word_length': 4.897435897435898, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Magnetization measurements on LHC superconducting strands

When using superconducting magnets in particle accelerators like the LHC, persistent currents in the superconductor often determine the field quality at injection, where the magnetic field is low. This paper describes magnetization measurements made on LHC cable strands at the Technical University of Vienna and the Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in collaboration with CERN. Measurements were performed at T=2 K and T=4.2 K on more than 50 strands of 7 different manufacturers with NbTi filament diameter between 5 and 7 micrometer. Two different measurement set-ups were used: vibrating sample magnetometer, with a sample length of about 8 mm, and an integrating coil magnetometer, with sample length of about 1 m. The two methods were compared by measuring the same sample. Low field evidence of proximity effect is discussed. Statistics like ratio of the width of the magnetization loop at 4.2 K and 2 K, and the initial slope dM/dB after cooldown are presented. Decrease of the magnetization with time, of the order of 2% per hour, was observed in some samples.