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The Editor recommends this issue's articles to the reader

Rhinitis andwheezing are highly prevalent inpreschoolers and, according to a few studies, childrenwith current rhinitis have increased risk of current wheezing. This relation mimics the well-demonstrated association between rhinitis and asthma that occurs in older children and adults; however, while in older age groups, there are studies reporting data on disease severity, and in preschoolers, this evidence was still lacking. In this study, Pereira et al (1) estimated the prevalence of current wheezing and studied its association with rhinitis severity/persistency (considering the impact of the allergic rhinitis on asthma, ARIA and recommendations) in a representative sample of 5003 3to 5-year-old Portuguese children. The definitions and the data collection form used in this study’s face-to-face interview to caregivers were adapted from the ISAAC questionnaire and the ARIA recommendations. The authors found that 25% of the preschoolers had at least one wheezing episode and 9% had ≥4 in the previous year. Wheezing was strongly associated with rhinitis in this age group (OR = 4), especially with moderate-to-severe persistent disease (OR = 11); this strong association was maintained even after adjusting for possible confounders. Children with both wheezing and rhinitis had more wheezing episodes and needed treatment more frequently. Moreover, there was a significant trend for an increasing number of wheezing episodes with increasing rhinitis severity/persistency. This is the first study to show that rhinitis and wheezing severities are strongly associated in preschool children, with those having both current wheezing and rhinitis presenting with a more severe phenotype. This highlights the importance of a concurrent evaluation of nasal and bronchial symptoms even in the first years of life.