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System-wide automatic real-time voltage and power flow control for power systems-coordination of injection (shunt) controllers with routing (series) controllers

In this article, the author looks into the future state of power systems' operations and control based on a number of assumptions, and provides an analysis of the direction that this area might take over the next 25 years. The main premise here is minimization of operating margins or maximum utilization of existing transmission assets with heavy reliance on traditional as well as new control equipment with increased system security and reliability. Issues related to development of techniques and requirements for fully coordinated, high-bandwidth, and robust controls for power systems are discussed and some methodologies are suggested. Proceeding toward this ultimate goal, system-wide automatic voltage control (SAVC) and system-wide automatic power control (SAPC) and the integrated system-wide automatic control (SAC) concepts are introduced for coordination of injection (shunt) and routing (series) controllers for both real and reactive power.