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Studies on Chemotypic Variation in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban from Nilgiri Range of India

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Apiaceae) possesses various healing effects and antioxidant properties. However, there has been very less focus on the investigation of chemotypic variations of C. asiatica found in different geographical zones of the country. In order to conserve C. asiatica, as it is an industrially valuable herb and over-exploitation of this drug from wild is a common practice, different distinct accessions of C. asiatica from Nilgiri range (Deccan zones) of India were compared in relation to the levels of triterpenoid saponins. Physicochemical parameters were also evaluated in all the accessions. The metabolites investigated include madecassoside, asiaticoside, and its sapogenin, asiatic acid by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). CA-45 showed the highest content of asiaticoside, CA-51 showed the highest content of madecassoside, and CA-47 showed the highest content of asiatic acid among other accessions of Nilgiri range. It can be concluded that the geographical conditions (soil type and altitude) of these accessions are comparatively favorable for the production of higher levels of triterpenoid saponins in C. asiatica. The reported data will contribute to the establishment of knowledge about the triterpenoid saponin composition of different chemotypes of C. asiatica found in Nilgiri range of India in comparison to other geographical areas, and lays a foundation for the conservation and commercial cultivation of this plant.