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Sheepen: An Early Roman Industrial Site at Camulodunum

Early Roman Industrial Site at Camulodunum. This volume describes the results of the emergency excavations undertaken in 1970 within the Sheepen Dyke at Camulodunum. The extensive work of Hawkes and Hull in the 1930s had already shown that Sheepen had been an important industrial area in the years immediately after the conquest, and these excavations fully confirmed the earlier conclusions. Unfortunately, almost the whole of the area excavated in 1970 had been badly damaged by gravel-quarrying and erosion, with the result that scarcely any of the original structures survived save for those cut deep into the subsoil. the importance of Camulodunum in the late Iron Age there was little sign of pre-conquest occupation on this particular site, but with the conquest the area became part of a major industrial complex. The for the fortress phase III) took the form of shallow scoops, hollows and small pits, among which the excavator could identify two compounds, defined by a rather irregular arrangement of possible post-holes. But even if these are not accepted, and the is inconclusive, it is clear that the area was mainly devoted to the working of metal, and of copper-alloys in particular. In the colonia phase (Periods IV and IVb) this industrial use continued, with a series of substantial rubbish-pits being dug, as well as timber-lined latrines and a large cellar which was all that remained of an otherwise totally destroyed building. Only on Site iii where the sandy subsoil meant that there were no large gravel pits, did any of the slighter structural remains survive. Here the Claudian phase produced three palisade slots, which were succeeded in the Neronian period by a relatively large timber building. Unfortunately these features were only discovered late in the excavation when too little remained for their full definition and excavation. All occupation came to an abrupt end at the time of the Boudiccan revolt, and the only significant later use of the site was as an inhumation cemetery in the third century.