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F-26 Preconcentration, Quantitation, and Speciation of Sub-ppm Levels of Arsenic (III) and (V) in Water Via Hand-Held XRF

ED-XRF instruments have greatly reduced the time and effort to screen environmental samples for various toxic metals down to ppm levels. However, XRF has not been widely used to detect toxic elements in water, due to the fact that the limits of detection (LOD) for most toxic elements are around 10 ppm or higher, and the regulatory limit for many toxic elements are in the low ppb range. The introduction of the x-ray tube-based field portable ED-XRF has greatly facilitated on-site semi-quantitative analysis, thus eliminating the need to collect and transport all samples back to the laboratory for quantitative analysis (including the ones that dont contain excessive levels). Using a field portable ED-XRF for on-site determination of toxic elements in water samples would be of great utility for many applications, from import screening of bottled water, environmental samples, and food security.