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Microbial Cold Shock Proteins: Overview of their Function and Mechanism of Action.

The organism responds to a decrease in temperature by producing a series of cold shock proteins (CSPs). These proteins play a critical role in growing and functioning characteristic at low temperatures. CSPs have been discovered in a wide range of organisms and show enormous diversity; their mechanisms of action are also complicated. Transcription and translation in microorganisms typically occur via a single linear chain, but upon exposure to low temperatures, RNA forms a complex secondary structure that prevents ribosomes from binding to it, slowing down translation. CSPs bind to mRNA as RNA molecular chaperones to keep the mRNA secondary structure in a single-stranded linear conformation, allowing successful translation at low temperatures.