You are on page 1of 3


- Tender of Payment and Consignation

Art. 1256. If the creditor to whom ___________ of payment has been ___________ refuses without just cause to accept
it, the debtor shall be ___________ from responsibility by the ___________ of the thing or ___________ due.
Consignation ___________ shall ___________ the ___________ effect in the following cases:
(1) When the creditor is absent or ___________, or does not ___________ at the place of payment;
(2) When he is incapacitated to ___________ the payment at the ___________ it is due;
(3) When, ___________ just cause, he refuses to give a ___________;
(4) When two or more persons ___________ the ___________ right to ___________;
(5) When the ___________ of the ___________ has been ___________.
Art. 1257. In order that the consignation of the thing due may release the obligor, it must ___________ be ___________
to the persons ___________ in the fulfillment of the obligation.
The consignation shall be ___________ if it is not made ___________ in consonance with the provisions which
___________ payment.
Art. 1258. Consignation shall be made by ___________ the things due at the disposal of judicial authority, before whom
the tender of payment shall be ___________, in a proper case, and the ___________of the consignation in other cases.
The consignation having been ___________, the interested parties shall also be ___________ thereof.
Art. 1259. The expenses of consignation, when ___________ made, shall be ___________ against the creditor.
Art. 1260. ___________ the consignation has been duly made, the debtor may ask the judge to order the ___________ of
the obligation.
___________ the creditor has ___________ the consignation, or before a judicial ___________ that the consignation has
been properly made, the debtor may ___________ the thing or the sum ___________, allowing the obligation to
___________ in force.
Art. 1261. If, the consignation having been made, the creditor should authorize the debtor to withdraw the same, he shall
lose every ___________ which he may have over the thing. The co-___________, ___________ and ___________ shall
be released.
SECTION 2. - Loss of the Thing Due
Art. 1262. An obligation which consists in the delivery of a ___________ thing shall be extinguished if it should be lost or
destroyed without the fault of the debtor, and ___________ he has incurred in delay.
When by law or ___________, the obligor is liable even for fortuitous events, the loss of the thing does not extinguish the
obligation, and he shall be responsible for damages. The same rule applies when the ___________ of the obligation
requires the ___________ of risk.
Art. 1263. In an obligation to deliver a ___________ thing, the loss or destruction of ___________ of the ___________
kind does not extinguish the obligation.
Art. 1264. The courts shall determine whether, under the circumstances, the ___________ loss of the object of the
obligation is so ___________ as to extinguish the obligation.
Art. 1265. Whenever the thing is lost in the ___________ of the debtor, it shall be ___________ that the loss was due to
his ___________, unless there is proof to the contrary, and without prejudice to the provisions of article 1165. This
presumption does not apply in case of earthquake, ___________, storm, or other ___________ calamity.
Art. 1266. The debtor in obligations to do shall also be released when the ___________ becomes ___________ or
___________ impossible without the fault of the ___________.
Art. 1267. When the service has become so ___________ as to be ___________ ___________ the contemplation of the
parties, the obligor may also be ___________ therefrom, in ___________ or in ___________.
Art. 1268. When the debt of a thing ___________ and determinate proceeds from a criminal offense, the debtor shall not
be ___________ from the payment of its price, whatever may be the cause for the loss, unless the thing having been
___________ by him to the person who should ___________ it, the latter refused without ___________ to accept it.
Art. 1269. The obligation having been extinguished by the loss of the thing, the creditor shall have all the rights of
___________ which the debtor may have ___________ third persons by ___________ of the loss.
SECTION 3. - Condonation or Remission of the Debt
Art. 1270. Condonation or remission is ___________ gratuitous, and requires the ___________ by the obligor. It may be
___________ expressly or ___________.
One and the other kind shall be subject to the rules which govern ___________ donations. Express condonation shall,
furthermore, ___________ with the ___________ of donation.
Art. 1271. The delivery of a private document ___________ a credit, made voluntarily by the creditor to the debtor,
implies the ___________ of the action which the former had against the latter.
If in order to ___________ this waiver it should be claimed to be inofficious, the debtor and his ___________ may uphold
it by ___________ that the delivery of the document was made in ___________ of payment of the debt.
Art. 1272. Whenever the private document in which the ___________ ___________ is found in the possession of the
debtor, it shall be presumed that the creditor delivered it ___________, unless the contrary is proved.
Art. 1273. The ___________ of the principal debt shall extinguish the accessory obligations; but the ___________ of the
latter shall ___________ the ___________ in force.
Art. 1274. It is presumed that the accessory obligation of pledge has been ___________ when the thing pledged, after its
delivery to the creditor, is found in the possession of the debtor, or of a third person who ___________ the thing.
SECTION 4. - Confusion or Merger of Rights
Art. 1275. The obligation is extinguished from the ___________ the ___________ of creditor and debtor are
___________ in the ___________ person.
Art. 1276. Merger which takes place in the person of the principal debtor or creditor benefits the ___________.
___________ which takes place in the person of any of the latter does not extinguish the obligation.
Art. 1277. Confusion does not extinguish a joint obligation except as regards the ___________ corresponding to the
creditor or debtor in whom the ___________ characters ___________.
SECTION 5. - Compensation
Art. 1278. Compensation shall take place when two persons, in their ___________ right, are creditors and debtors of
___________ other.
Art. 1279. In order that compensation may be proper, it is necessary:
(1) That each one of the obligors be bound ___________, and that he be at the same time a principal creditor of the
(2) That both debts consist in a sum of money, or if the things due are ___________, they be of the same kind, and also of
the same ___________ if the latter has been stated;
(3) That the two debts be ___________;
(4) That they be ___________ and demandable;
(5) That over neither of them there be any ___________ or ___________, commenced by third persons and
___________ in due time to the debtor.
Art. 1280. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding article, the guarantor may ___________ ___________
compensation as regards what the creditor may ___________ the principal debtor.
Art. 1281. Compensation may be total or partial. When the two debts are of the ___________ amount, there is a
___________ compensation.
Art. 1282. The parties ___________ ___________ upon the compensation of debts which are not yet ___________.
Art. 1283. If one of the parties to a suit over an obligation has a ___________ for damages against the other, the former
may set it ___________ by proving his ___________ to said damages and the ___________ thereof.
Art. 1284. When one or both debts are ___________ or ___________, they may be compensated against each other
before they are ___________ rescinded or avoided.
Art. 1285. The debtor who has consented to the ___________ of rights made by a creditor in favor of a third person,
cannot ___________ ___________ against the assignee the compensation which would pertain to him against the
assignor, unless the assignor was notified by the debtor at the time he gave his consent, that he ___________ his right to
the compensation.
If the creditor communicated the ___________ to him but the debtor did not consent thereto, the latter may set up the
compensation of debts ___________ to the cession, but not of ___________ ones.
If the assignment is made ___________ the knowledge of the debtor, he may set up the compensation of all
___________ prior to the same and also ___________ ones ___________ he had ___________ of the assignment.
Art. 1286. Compensation takes place by operation of law, even though the debts may be ___________ at different places,
but there shall be an ___________ for expenses of ___________ or ___________ to the place of payment.
Art. 1287. Compensation shall not be proper when one of the debts arises from a ___________ or from the obligations of
a ___________ or of a bailee in ___________.
Neither can compensation be set up against a creditor who has a claim for ___________ ___________ by gratuitous title,
without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 301.
Art. 1288. Neither shall there be ___________ if one of the debts consists in civil liability arising from a ___________
Art. 1289. If a person should have against him several debts which are ___________ of compensation, the rules on the
___________ of payments shall apply to the ___________ of the compensation.
Art. 1290. When all the requisites mentioned in Article 1279 are present, compensation takes effect by operation of law,
and extinguishes both debts to the ___________ amount, even though the creditors and debtors are not ___________ of
the compensation.
SECTION 6. - Novation
Art. 1291. Obligations ___________ be ___________ by:
(1) Changing their ___________ or principal ___________;
(2) ___________ the person of the debtor;
(3) ___________ a third person in the ___________ of the creditor.
Art. 1292. In order that an obligation may be extinguished by another which substitute the same, it is ___________ that it
be so ___________ in ___________ terms, or that the old and the new obligations be on ___________ point
___________ with each other.
Art. 1293. Novation which consists in substituting a new debtor in the place of the ___________ one, may be made
___________ without the knowledge or against the will of the latter, but not without the consent of the creditor.
Payment by the new debtor gives him the rights mentioned in Articles 1236 and 1237.
Art. 1294. If the substitution is ___________ the knowledge or against the will of the debtor, the new debtor's insolvency
or non-fulfillment of the obligations shall not give rise to any ___________ on the part of the ___________ debtor.
Art. 1295. The insolvency of the new debtor, who has been ___________ by the original debtor and ___________ by the
creditor, shall not ___________ the action of the latter against the original obligor, except when said insolvency was
already ___________ and of public ___________, or known to the debtor, when the ___________ his debt.
Art. 1296. When the principal obligation is extinguished in ___________ of a novation, accessory obligations may
___________ only insofar as they may benefit third persons who did not give their consent.
Art. 1297. If the new obligation is ___________, the original one shall subsist, unless the parties intended that the
___________ relation should be extinguished in ___________ ___________.
Art. 1298. The novation is void if the original obligation was void, except when annulment may be claimed only by the
debtor or when ___________ validates acts which are ___________.
Art. 1299. If the original obligation was ___________ to a suspensive or resolutory condition, the new obligation shall be
under the ___________ condition, unless it is otherwise stipulated.
Art. 1300. Subrogation of a third person in the rights of the creditor is either ___________ or ___________. The former is
not presumed, except in cases expressly mentioned in this Code; the latter must be clearly established in order that it may
take ___________.
Art. 1301. Conventional subrogation of a third person ___________ the consent of the original parties and of the third
Art. 1302. It is ___________ that there is legal subrogation:
(1) When a creditor pays another creditor who is ___________, ___________ without the debtor's knowledge;
(2) When a third person, not interested in the obligation, pays with the express or ___________ ___________ of the
(3) When, even without the knowledge of the debtor, a person ___________ in the fulfillment of the obligation pays,
without prejudice to the effects of ___________ as to the latter's ___________.
Art. 1303. Subrogation transfers to the persons subrogated the credit with all the rights thereto ___________, either
against the debtor or against third person, be they guarantors or ___________ of mortgages, subject to stipulation in a
conventional subrogation.
Art. 1304. A creditor, to whom partial payment has been made, may exercise his right for the ___________, and he shall
be ___________ to the person who has been subrogated in his place in ___________ of the partial payment of the same