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4. ------- water accounts for more than 90
1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan percent of protoplasm weight, this rate can
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi be as low as 10 percent in seeds.
A) Although
B) Unless
C) Similarly
D) As if
E) Provided

1. People consider soil ------- because it

supports plants that supply food, fibre,
drugs, and other human needs.

A) various
5. The northern white rhino will soon face total
B) simple extinction ------- something is done to prevent
C) essential this tragic outcome.
D) thick
A) as long as
E) missing
B) as soon as
C) unless
D) only if
E) because

2. The adult brain can grow new brain cells or

re-organize itself in response to new
experiences, which is a biological -------
called neuroplasticity. 6. People and animals ------- to find new sources
of food when old ones ------- unavailable or
A) refusal they have to move to new areas.
B) prediction

C) outbreak A) used to learn / have become

D) process B) would learn / will become
E) lecture C) must learn / were becoming
D) might learn / had become
E) have to learn / become

3. Botany as a pure science began in the fourth

century BC with the Greek philosopher 7. Each year, air currents blow two million tons
Theophrastus, who ------- influenced the of bacteria into the atmosphere ------- 55
discipline until the seventeenth century. million tons of fungal spores.

A) fluently A) in case of
B) heavily B) in order to
C) angrily C) in contrast
D) shortly D) as well as
E) loudly E) as though

8. Today, geophysicists ------- more detailed 12. China has seen a decrease in rural child
reports about why earthquakes happen more labour ------- the one-child policy and rapid
frequently in some places than others. urbanisation.

A) would produce A) however

B) will be produced B) due to
C) are producing C) if
D) had produced D) in case
E) are produced E) although

9. When it comes to the environment, modern
societies are not ------- different from
primitive societies ------- one might assume.

A) too / to
B) many / than
C) much / more
D) as / as
E) so / that 13. Chemistry seeks to explain ------- the
structures of atoms ------- how these
structures are transformed in chemical

A) rather / than
B) neither / or
C) but / also
10. Researchers ------- are based at the University D) both / and
of Tokyo have discovered that larger E) such / that
earthquakes are more likely to occur when
the moon is nearly full or new.

A) who
B) whose
C) in which
D) what
E) where

11. ------- the increasing number of protected 14. Newton deduced the three laws of motion
areas in recent decades, the rate of ------- various experiments performed -------
extinction in species has not dropped. other scientists, especially Galileo Galilei.

A) Thanks to A) for / on
B) Before B) by / in
C) Unless C) from / by
D) Now that D) with / to
E) Despite E) into / at

15. The global human population ------- dramatic 18. Faster recharging lithium batteries were
growth at least twice throughout history, the developed when scientists ------- that adding
first of which ------- around 10,000 years ago. charged metal atoms to tunnel structures
improves their performance.
A) experiences / will take place
B) will experience / was taking place A) turned down
C) had experienced / takes place B) found out
D) was experiencing / had taken place C) led to
E) has experienced / took place D) took off
E) gave up

16. Since NASA ------- using the Space Shuttle in
2011, the Soyuz spacecraft ------- the only way 19. Noise pollution from survey ships is a big
threat for dolphins ------- they are considered
for astronauts to reach the International
one of the most acoustically sensitive
Space Station.
animals on Earth.
A) will stop / was
A) so that
B) was stopping / is
B) whereas
C) stops / will be
C) such
D) stopped / has been
D) just as
E) may stop / used to be
E) since

17. Researchers from a number of EU member 20. ------- working on superconductivity,

states have joined forces to ------- the effects physicist John Bardeen was already well on
of underwater noise generated by shipping. the way to his ﬁrst Nobel Prize in physics.

A) investigate A) After
B) supply B) Later
C) prepare C) Then
D) complain D) While
E) attend E) Following

21 - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen A) combined
sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. B) declined
C) estimated
D) terminated
‘Spam’ is the term used to describe unsolicited
e-mail messages automatically ---21--- to millions E) discharged
of recipients. These messages are
advertisements about debt consolidation offers,
get-rich-quick schemes, and stock market tips.
The underlying principle is ---22--- if you e-mail
enough people, some are likely to be interested
in or taken in by your offer. It is ---23--- that over
90 billion spam messages are sent each day.
There are various techniques for preventing

spam, ---24--- the most effective is spam filters.
These are computer programs that automatically
scan incoming email messages and decide
which are likely to be spam. The filters can be
set up ---25--- the program deletes the spam
messages automatically, sends them to a holding
folder for later examination, or takes some other
appropriate action.
A) in contrast
B) but
C) moreover
D) otherwise
E) therefore

A) sent out

B) sending out
C) had sent out
D) having sent out
E) was sent out

22. 25.
A) that A) given that
B) when B) however
C) which C) as though
D) what D) so that
E) where E) on the other hand

26 - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen A) published
sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. B) has published
C) may be published
D) had published
Did the ancestors of modern birds survive E) was published
---26--- they ate seeds? 66 million years ago an
asteroid struck Earth and wiped out an estimated
75 percent of life. It is an event that infamously
---27--- the extinction of the dinosaur. One may
wonder: how did the ancestors of modern-day
birds survive when all their relatives perished? A
study which ---28--- in Current Biology in 2017
hypothesizes that some birdlike dinosaurs

survived because they had toothless beaks, and
could feed on ﬁre-resistant seeds when the food
sources of most other species ---29---. For this
study, Derek Larson analyzed more than 3,000
fossilized teeth from birdlike dinosaurs that lived
in western North America ---30--- the Cretaceous
A) ignored
B) served
C) disappeared
D) declared
E) offered
A) or else
B) but

C) unless
D) whereas
E) because

27. 30.
A) appeared A) during
B) caused B) on
C) defeated C) off
D) shared D) between
E) called E) among

34. While flowing water has not been directly
31 - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun observed on Mars, -------.
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) there are signs that it has potentially made
some brief appearances on the surface
B) water is not found on the surface or within
rocks and soil in any of its forms
C) the scientists who travelled to this continent
concluded that it has large reservoirs of
31. Modern estimates suggest that 85 percent of
the universe’s mass is invisible to even the D) continued monitoring shows that such
most powerful telescopes -------. activity may be due to chemical processes
E) the initial report from Mariner 4 stated that
A) but evidence about the fate of our galaxy is these planets never had Earth-like oceans

B) and is only detectable through the influence
of its gravity
C) so that it simply does not interact with light
D) where several decades of experiments have
proved ineffective
E) following the deduction that several objects
have been used
KD 35. -------, mercury levels in the oceans have
increased at an alarming rate since the
Industrial Revolution.
32. Although we do not typically think of bacteria
as being capable of sight, -------. A) As tuna is a kind of long-lived predator in the
A) antibiotics can kill the good bacteria in the B) In agreement with global efforts to protect
body along with the bad the ecosystem
B) humans have been wondering about the C) Due to mining and the burning of fossil fuels
answer to these questions for centuries
D) Even after heavy fishing in the Pacific
C) such detailed studies aim to pay special Ocean
attention to the species crisis
E) Despite the amount of mercury in fish and
D) they started to believe that perhaps the mammals
signals were not random

E) they have light-responsive proteins that are

similar to our own visual system

33. The dominance of fossil fuels will remain

unchallenged for at least the next four
decades, -------.
36. Scientists have finally established the
A) as well as a large number of countries identity of a missing element within the
dependent on renewable energy sources Earth's core, -------.
B) therefore, green policies will play an
important role in our immediate energy A) who could help us to better understand how
needs they formed
C) thus, the amount of European power B) that strongly argues that the earth orbits the
supplied by renewables is more than that of sun
fossil fuels C) but the core first separated from the rocky
D) even if countries pursue environmental or parts of Earth
energy policies enforced by international D) whose work was needed to confirm the
agreements presence of silicon
E) now that renewable sources are urgently E) for which they have been searching for
needed for sustainable development many decades

37. When the brain cells of humans and all other 40. Even the simplest life form on Earth has
mammals are starved of oxygen, -------. countless requirements needed to survive,
A) they run out of sufficient energy and begin to
die as a result A) when the Earth was only 700 million years
B) biology deals with humans, animals as well old
as plants B) it is determined by many environmental
C) such innovations in the field of science have factors
become compulsory C) such as water, organic materials and energy
D) oxygen level in brain cells plays a vital part D) as planets may have some sources of
in humans energy
E) such levels depend on age and gender of E) resulting in nature and intelligent life
the species

38. ‘Erosion’ is a blanket or general term for a
variety of processes -------.

A) therefore, much of the surface rock on Earth

was caused by erosion
B) but they played a more important role on
Earth than on any other planet
C) if such substances are used to build new
communal structures
D) that break down or transport rock through
the action of ice, liquid, or gas
E) even though the carving of canyons by
rivers is an example of erosion

39. Producing artificial spider silk has long been 41. -------, they have the potential to treat many
a dream of many scientists, -------. different kinds of medical conditions.

A) as long as spiders spin small amounts of silk A) Although experiments have shown that it is
in labs possible to reprogram an adult skin cell
B) but it is still too early for them to expect the B) Even if scientists find ways to recreate the
dream to come true environments in which stem cells grow
C) whereas it is well tolerated when it is C) Though stem cells can be cultured and
implanted in tissues induced to develop into different cell types
D) though such products require plenty of silk D) Because not every stem cell is beneficial in
for large scale production treating diseases in animals
E) because the researchers have a method E) Since embryonic stem cells can transmute
that works properly into any type of tissue

44. Robots are becoming easier to program and
42 - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce more flexible to use, which enables a single
cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi factory to manufacture many different
bulunuz. products.

A) Giderek daha kolay programlanabilir ve

daha esnek şekilde kullanılabilir robotların
ortaya çıkması sayesinde fabrikalar birçok
farklı ürünü imal edebilir.
B) Fabrikaların birçok ürünü imal edebilmesinin
arkasında, giderek daha kolay
programlanabilir ve daha esnek şekilde
kullanılabilir hale gelen robotlar vardır.
C) Bir fabrikanın birçok farklı ürünü imal
42. Machine translation systems that convert edebilmesi, ancak robotların daha kolay
sign language into text help people with programlanabilir ve daha esnek şekilde

hearing difficulties. kullanılabilir olmasıyla mümkündür.
A) Duyma zorluğu çeken insanlara yardımcı D) Robotlar giderek daha kolay
olması için işaret dilini metne dönüştüren programlanabilir ve daha esnek şekilde
makine çeviri sistemleri geliştirildi. kullanılabilir bir hâle gelmekte, bu da tek bir
fabrikanın birçok farklı ürünü imal etmesine
B) İşaret dilini metne dönüştüren makine çeviri
olanak sağlamaktadır.
sistemleri, duyma zorluğu yaşayan insanlara
yardımcı olmaktadır. E) Giderek daha kolay programlanabilir ve
daha esnek şekilde kullanılabilir robotların
C) İşaret dilini metne dönüştürerek duyma
sayısının artmasıyla birlikte, tek bir fabrika
zorluğu yaşayan insanlara yardımcı olan birçok farklı ürünü imal edebilir hale
yazılıma makine çeviri sistemi denir. gelecektir.
D) Makine çeviri sistemleri işaret dilini metne
dönüştürerek duyma zorluğu çeken birçok
insana yardım etmektedir.
E) Duyma zorluğu yaşayan insanlara yardımcı
olabilmek için makine çeviri sistemleri metni
işaret diline dönüştürür.

45. The behavioural changes that take place

rapidly during the first twelve years of life

match changes in brain structure that occur
43. The International Space Station is a global during that time.
project which proves that different states are
able to work together in space exploration. A) Yaşamın ilk on-iki yılında hızlı bir şekilde
meydana gelen davranışsal değişimler, bu
A) Farklı devletler bir araya gelerek uzay keşfi zaman zarfında beyin yapısında oluşan
alanında çalışabilir, Uluslararası Uzay değişimlerle uyumludur.
İstasyonu bunun en iyi kanıttır. B) Yaşamımızın ilk on-iki yılında beynimizde ve
B) Farklı devletlerin birlikte çalışarak davranışlarımızda meydana gelen hızlı
Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu gibi küresel bir değişimler birbirinden ayırt edilemeyecek
proje üretmesi, uzay çalışmaları açısından kadar benzerlik gösterirler.
önemli bir adımdır. C) Yaşamımızın ilk on-iki yılında beynimizde ve
C) Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu, farklı davranışlarımızda meydana gelen hızlı
devletlerin uzay keşfinde beraber değişimler birbirleriyle uyumlu şekilde gelişir.
çalışabildiklerini kanıtlayan küresel bir D) Yaşamın ilk yıllarında meydana gelen
projedir. davranışsal değişimler ile bu süreç içinde
D) Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu, birçok devletin beyin yapısında oluşan bazı değişimler
uzay keşfi konusunda beraber çalışmalarını arasında benzerlikler mevcuttur.
sağlayan küresel bir projedir. E) Yaşamın ilk on-iki yılında hızlı bir şekilde
E) Uzayın keşfi için farklı devletlerin bir araya meydana gelen davranışsal değişimler, bu
gelerek Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu gibi bir süreçte beyin yapısında oluşan değişimlere
projeye imza atması büyük başarıdır. büyük ölçüde uyum gösterir.

46. Today, only billionaires can afford a private 47. Quantum computers might be more powerful
flight into space, but by 2150 the cost of such than traditional computers, but some
a flight will probably be no more than that of applications will require more computing
a first class airline ticket. power than one quantum computer can
provide on its own.
A) Günümüzde, uzaya özel uçakla gitmeye
yalnızca milyarderlerin gücü yetmesine A) Kuantum bilgisayarlar, geleneksel
rağmen, böyle bir uçuşun maliyetinin bilgisayarlardan daha güçlü olsalar bile, bazı
2150’ye kadar birinci sınıf bir uçak biletinden uygulamaların gerektirdiği işlem gücünü tek
daha pahalı olmayacağı tahmin ediliyor. başlarına karşılamaları mümkün
B) Günümüzde uzaya özel uçuş yapmaya görünmüyor.
sadece milyarderlerin gücü yetmektedir, B) Kuantum bilgisayarlar, geleneksel
ancak böyle bir uçuşun maliyeti 2150’ye bilgisayarlardan daha güçlü olacaklardır,
kadar muhtemelen birinci sınıf bir uçak ancak bazı uygulamalar için gerekli olan
biletinden daha fazla olmayacaktır. işlem gücünü tek başlarına karşılayamazlar.
C) Günümüzde, uzaya özel uçuş C) Kuantum bilgisayarlar, geleneksel

gerçekleştirmeye sadece milyarderlerin bilgisayarlardan daha güçlü olabilirler, ancak
gücü yetiyor, ama böyle bir uçuşun bazı uygulamaların bir kuantum bilgisayarın
maliyetinin 2150 yılında birinci sınıf bir uçak tek başına sağlayabileceğinden daha fazla
biletinden ucuz olacağı düşünülmektedir. işlem gücü gerektireceği unutulmamalıdır.
D) Uzaya özel uçakla gitmek sadece D) Modern bilgisayarlar, geleneksel
milyarderlere özgü bir ayrıcalıktır, ancak bilgisayarlara nazaran daha güçlü olabilirler,
böyle bir uçuşun maliyeti 2150’ye kadar ama yine de bazı uygulamalar için gerekli
birinci sınıf bir uçak biletiyle aynı olacaktır. olan işlem gücünü tek başına
E) Geçmişte uzaya özel uçakla gitmeye üretemeyebilirler.
yalnızca milyarderlerin gücü yetiyordu, E) Kuantum bilgisayarlar, geleneksel
ancak böyle bir uçuşun maliyeti 2150’ye bilgisayarlardan daha güçlü olabilirler, ancak
kadar bir uçak bileti ücretine denk gelecek bazı uygulamalar bir kuantum bilgisayarın
şekilde ucuzlayacaktır. tek başına sağlayabileceğinden daha fazla
işlem gücü gerektirecektir.

50. Derhâl müdahale edilmediği takdirde iklim
48 - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye değişikliğinin küresel çapta felaketlere ve
anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi binlerce ölüme neden olabileceği tahmin
bulunuz. edilmektedir.

A) It is estimated that climate change, if not

addressed urgently, may cause disasters
and thousands of deaths globally.
B) It is calculated that climate change will
cause disasters and thousands of deaths if it
is not addressed in the near future.
C) Climate change is thought to cause major
48. Evrendeki diğer temel güçlerle disasters and thousands of deaths even
karşılaştırıldığında oldukça zayıf olmasına after the recent measures.
rağmen, yerçekimi evrendeki en devasa
D) Climate change will likely cause some major
cisimlerin hareketlerinin arkasındaki itici
disasters and thousands of deaths globally if

it is not tackled properly.
A) Compared to the other fundamental forces E) Climate change, if not handled
in the universe, gravity is weak, yet it is appropriately, is likely to cause major
considered to be the driving force behind the disasters and thousands of deaths globally.
motions of many objects in the universe.
B) When compared to the other vital forces in
the universe, gravity is the weakest, but it is
still the driving force behind the motions of
the most massive objects in the universe.
C) Although it is quite weak compared to the
other fundamental forces in the universe,
gravity is the driving force behind the
motions of the most massive objects in the
D) Gravity is the basic driving force behind the
motions of many massive objects in the
universe despite the fact that it is the
weakest force in the universe.
E) Gravity, admittedly weaker than the other
basic forces in the universe, is the driving 51. Dünyanın başka hiçbir yerinde bulunmayan
force behind the motions of several massive sayısız türün evi olarak bilinen tropik yağmur

objects in the universe. ormanları, daha önce hiç görülmemiş bir

hızda yok ediliyor.

A) Tropical rainforests are the home to

numerous species found nowhere else in
the world, but they are being destroyed
49. Gözlem verileri birçok galaksinin merkezinde rapidly.
kara deliklerin bulunabileceğini gösteriyor. B) Tropical rainforests, which are the home of
numerous species existing nowhere else in
A) Data supported by observations show that the world, are being saved at an
there are black holes at the centre of most unprecedented rate.
galaxies, if not all.
C) As tropical rainforests are being destroyed
B) Observational data indicate that black holes at an alarming rate, numerous species found
may exist at the centre of many galaxies. nowhere else in the world are becoming
C) Data based on recent observations suggest extinct at an unprecedented rate.
that many galaxies are likely to have black D) Known to be the home of numerous species
holes at their centre. found nowhere else in the world, tropical
D) There are most probably black holes at the rainforests are destroyed at an
centre of many galaxies as proved by recent unprecedented rate.
observational data E) Although it is known to be the home of
E) According to observational data, it is quite numerous species rarely found in the world,
evident that there are black holes at the tropical rainforests are destroyed at an
centre of most galaxies, if not all. alarming rate.

52. Bilim insanları, yetersiz petrol ve gaz
kaynaklarına sahip olan ülkelerin, 54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlam
yenilenebilir enerjiye geçmesini öneriyor. bütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılan
yerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
A) Due to limited oil and gas resources in the
country, scientists strongly recommend a
shift to renewable energy.
B) Scientists recommend that countries with
insufficient oil and gas resources should
shift to renewable energy. 54. There are many ways to define ‘time’ at a
C) The restricted oil and gas resources in the particular location. Here, on Earth, our usual
country forced scientists to propose a rapid system is defined by the motion of the Sun in
shift to renewable energy. the sky. This means that the local time
depends on where you are on Earth and we
D) Considering how little oil and gas resources
get around this complication by having many
countries have, scientists recommend a shift different time zones. Now, we could also
to renewable energy.

define a similar time system based on the
E) Since the country has limited oil and gas motion of the Sun as seen from the Moon.
resources, scientists propose to use more Such a system exists but it is not much more
renewable energy. than an interesting exercise in physics. -------.
This is called Universal Time, and it is a
modern form of Greenwich Mean Time. It is
the same everywhere in the Universe.

A) What is more useful, however, is a definition

KD of time that does not vary with location
B) It is difficult to keep track of time at work due
to the workload
C) There have been several unsuccessful
attempts to define a brand-new computing
D) So, the time on the Moon can never be the
same as the time on Earth
E) Therefore, it will never be possible to
calculate exactly what time it is on the Moon

55. High-altitude landscapes are some of the

most inhospitable places on Earth. They are

cold, dry, and oxygen-poor, which causes
sleeplessness, fatigue, coughing, confusion,
and a rapid pulse. They were the last places
53. Bazı tasarımcılar için üretim sürecinde humans settled, yet people did it and
yapıtları üzerinde belli bir ölçüde denetime survived. -------. From the Himalayas to the
sahip olmaları önemlidir. Andes to the Ethiopian Plateau, people have
evolved in ways that allow them to live at
A) Retaining a degree of control over their work high altitude.
in the production stage is considered vital by
designers. A) The Himalayas and the Andes attract many
B) According to designers, retaining some climbers looking for adventure
degree of control over the production B) This was all about our failure to cope with
process is really important. such an extreme phenomenon
C) For designers who produce certain works, it C) Living at such heights causes hypoxia, a
is necessary to retain a degree of control condition where tissues cannot get enough
over their work. oxygen
D) It is important for some designers to retain a D) It is easier to find well-protected remains of
degree of control over their work in the ancient empires than ever before due to
production process. technology
E) Some designers believe that retaining E) The only logical explanation for this is our
control over their work in the production ability to adapt, especially to extreme
process is vital. environments

56. Ceres, an unassuming-looking object made 58. Late in the twentieth century, evidence of
of ice and rock, lies between Mars and global warming mounted as ice sheets in the
Jupiter in the expanse of the Asteroid Belt. It Arctic and Antarctic began melting rapidly.
was first spotted by Sicilian astronomer Carbon dioxide levels climbed, and the
Giuseppe Piazzi on 1 January 1801. This protective ozone layer shrank. Although
965-kilometre diameter ball could just have Earth had experienced cycles of abnormal
been considered a dead, grey rock in space. warmth and cold even before humans
-------. It has been discovered that it was – and appeared, most scientists and some political
possibly still is – an active world that may leaders feared that human activity was
have had cryovolcanoes of the kind that has seriously disrupting the world’s climate.
pretty much disappeared from Earth. They urged energy conservation and
alternatives to carbon-rich oil and coal, such
A) There are also some other mountains on as solar and wind power, hydrogen, and
Ceres such as Liberalia and Yamor synthetic fuels. -------.
B) Just one solitary peak made of ice, mud and
salts, called Ahuna Mons A) Like many developed countries, the United

C) But as NASA’s Dawn spacecraft has States, proportionally the world’s largest
energy user, supports cost-efficient projects
recently uncovered, Ceres has been hiding
a strange secret B) As a result, 140 nations approved an
environmental agreement in 2005, known as
D) These planets are not the only bodies
the Kyoto Protocols, in order to limit
discovered in our Solar system
destructive emissions
E) That is, if it erupts icy materials like water
C) It has been long known that electric utilities
ice, or methane instead of lava
using fossil fuels produce greater air
KD pollution than nuclear power plants
D) When the cold war was over, many nations
started scientific space exploration to
discover habitable planets
E) However, one of the major challenges facing
developing countries today is to find
sufficient oil resources

59. There are objects that are classified neither

as stars nor as planets, called ‘brown

57. As honeybees develop, they undergo dwarfs’. -------. Brown dwarfs accumulate
metamorphosis. -------. At the right moment, matter in the same way as stars, but fail to
the protective wax caps put in place by attain enough mass to ignite hydrogen
worker bees are removed, revealing the fusion. Stars can fuse hydrogen into helium,
pupae just days before they are ready to which can only occur above a certain
emerge as fully grown adults. Bees in this temperature and pressure. Thus, objects
stage are pale, as their outer shells are not above this threshold are stars. Brown dwarfs
yet hardened. When they emerge as adults, initially produce heat by fusing an isotope of
their shells can still take a few hours to fully hydrogen called deuterium into helium-3,
harden. This means that very young bees are which occurs at lower temperatures and
more or less unable to sting. lower masses.

A) The shell of a new born bee is not as hard A) NASA is looking for more information about
as it is supposed to be the planets’ atmosphere
B) The queen bee is not involved in the B) Thus, more precise measurements will no
process of wax cell production longer be needed
C) It is a great idea to mark honeybees if you C) Such information will also explain the
want to follow them processes that shaped the young Milky Way
D) Their lifecycle consists of four stages: egg, D) Researchers originally thought that the
larva, pupa, and adult system had three planets
E) Young bees, compared to fully grown adults, E) This term was first coined by Jill Tarter of
are less dangerous to us the SETI Institute

62. (I) An alternative career opportunity for
60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla engineers has been offered by Frederick
okunduğunda parçanın anlam Taylor. (II) He has proposed that engineers
bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. should take over the role of managers in the
governance of companies and that of
politicians in the governance of society. (III)
This proposal would lead to the
establishment of a technocracy, that is,
government by experts. (IV) The role of
engineers would, thus, be that of technocrats
who, on the basis of technological insight, do
what they consider best for a company or for
60. (I) Such an assumption has not yet been society. (V) For instance, being an engineer
tested rigorously for most animal species. (II) requires great responsibility for a number of
Vertebrates are often marked to facilitate the reasons.
identification of free-ranging individual

animals or groups for studies of behaviour, A) I
population biology, and physiology. (III) B) II
Marked animals provide data for home range C) III
use, resource selection, social behaviour, D) IV
and population estimation. (IV) Markers can
be classified into three general categories: E) V
mutilations, tags and bands, and radio
transmitters. (V) The appropriate marking
technique for a study depends on several
considerations, including study objectives,
target species, marker cost, marker efficacy,
and marker effects on the animals.

A) I
E) V

61. (I) An environmentalist, on the other hand, is

someone who actively works to preserve the
environment from destruction or pollution.
(II) Environment includes everything that
affects an organism during its lifetime. (III) In
turn, all organisms, including people, affect
many components in their environment. (IV)
From a human point of view, environmental
issues involve concerns about science,
nature, health, employment, profit, law,
politics, ethics, fine arts, and economics. (V)
Therefore, environmental science is by its
nature a multidisciplinary field.

A) I
E) V

63. (I) Our food and materials come to us via a 65. (I) Dinosaurs were ‘born’ officially in 1842. (II)
system that spans the world and whose They were all land-living animals, which
consequences are mostly concealed from us. poses particular problems. (III) They owe
(II) On average, food is said to travel more their birth to the work of the British
than 1,300 miles from where it was grown or anatomist Richard Owen, whose work had
produced to where it is eaten. (III) In such a concentrated upon the unique nature of some
system, there is no conceivable way of extinct fossil reptiles. (IV) At the time of
knowing the human or ecological Owen’s review, he was working on a
consequences of eating. (IV) The average surprisingly large collection of fossil bones
citizen of the United States now uses some and teeth that had been discovered up to that
186,000 calories of energy each day. (V) Nor time and were scattered around the British
can we know the full cost of virtually food Isles. (V) Although the birth of dinosaurs was
that we purchase or discard. relatively inauspicious, they were soon to
become the centre of worldwide attention.
A) I
B) II A) I

E) V D) IV
E) V

64. (I) ENIAC, the first electronic computer, was

completed in 1945 at the University of
Pennsylvania under a military contract. (II)
Engineer J. Presper Eckert and physicist
John W. Mauchly’s enormous device was
powered by 18,000 vacuum tubes and
performed 5,000 calculations per second. (III)
While computers allegedly reduce paper
documents, new copying and printing
technologies only increase the flood. (IV)
Hungarian refugee John von Neumann soon
after developed what became the basic
architecture of computer systems. (V) The
invention of transistors by lab scientists at
Bell Laboratories in 1948 eventually
eliminated clumsy vacuum tubes and paved
the way for microchips.

A) I
E) V

67. It is clear from the text that farmers ------- .
66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya
göre cevaplayınız. A) are against the use of the Photonic Fence in
B) are not allowed to use any chemical
Farmers are under pressure to reduce chemical pesticides in farming
pesticides and their ability to do so will be aided C) will continue using pesticide as it is cheaper
by the news that the U.S. Department of D) are expected to decrease the amounts of
Agriculture is about to start trialling a device that chemical pesticides they use
can kill insects with a laser. Developed by an
American company, the ‘Photonic Fence’ is not E) will not be able to afford the Photonic Fence
really a fence at all, but a small box containing at the moment
lasers, cameras and an Artificial Intelligence (AI)
computer system. The cameras scan the air
around the device for 100 metres, and the AI
system measures the shape, speed and

acceleration frequency of any bugs detected to
establish which are potentially harmful. Any
insects identified as a threat can then be zapped
by the lasers, with a ‘kill rate’ of up to 20 insects
per second. By deploying several such devices,
farmers could effectively create a virtual fence
around their crops that kills harmful pests but
leaves bees and other beneficial or harmless
insects untouched. The U.S. trials will begin
soon. If the device is proven to work, then the
company hopes to bring a commercial product to
market, though that will still be some years away.

68. The text is mainly about -------.

66. We understand from the text that the A) a new device which aims to destroy harmful
‘Photonic Fence’ -------. insects via laser technology
B) the reasons why most American farmers
A) has not been mass produced yet have recently stopped using pesticides
B) removes all types of insects on farms C) how a company devised the ‘Photonic
C) may not be effective since it only kills a few Fence’ to save harmful pests
insects D) the technical challenges of designing the
D) is a box which looks like a real fence ‘Photonic Fence’ experienced by scientists
E) will certainly be a waste of money due to its E) methods of distinguishing harmful pests
high cost from beneficial ones in farming

70. It is understood from the text that Von Braun
69 - 71. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya -------.
göre cevaplayınız.
A) had no interest in science when he was a
little child
Wernher von Braun is famous for being the B) joined Hitler’s party to improve his military
creator of the space program that made it skills
possible to put the first person on the moon on C) spent most of his childhood in America
July 20, 1969. He grew up in Germany. From an
D) sabotaged the V2 rocket program to help the
early age he was fascinated by rocket
U.S. in the war
technology and was involved in developing
rockets for the German army in the 1930s. In E) decided to work for the Americans together
1937, he joined Hitler’s National Socialist Party, with his team
about which he later stated: “My refusal to join
the party would have meant that I would have
had to abandon the work of my life. Therefore, I

decided to join”. In 1943, it was claimed that he
sabotaged the V2 rocket program, and was
arrested by the Nazis. Later, however, he was
released. In 1945, he realized that the Germans
were going to lose the war, and arranged for his
team to be handed over to the Americans. In the
U.S., Von Braun originally worked on the
development of rockets for military purposes. His
dream came true by playing a key role in the
space travel program. Von Braun’s big dream did
therefore ultimately come true.

69. According to the text, Von Braun joined

Hitler’s party -------. 71. The text is mainly about -------.
A) to be able to get enough information about A) scientists who played an active role in
the rocket programs of other nations military operations
B) in order to continue his career in rocket B) the role of science and scientists in the
technology Second World War
C) because his refusal would lead to his C) the determination of Von Braun to fulfil his
family’s arrest life-long dream
D) since he was the only person with profound D) Von Braun’s teenage enthusiasm for rocket
knowledge of the moon design
E) to get permission from Hitler to work for both E) how the U.S. became victorious in the
Germany and the U.S. Second World War

73. It can be clearly understood from the text that
72 - 74. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya -------.
göre cevaplayınız.
A) environment is the only variable affecting
the intelligence level
‘Heritability’ is a measure of the relative B) there is no simple causal relationship
importance of genes in determining variation in between IQ and race
qualitative traits among individuals. However, the C) the heritability value of IQ is constant for all
calculated heritability value is unique to the populations and cultures
population in which it was measured and to the
D) white Americans scored lower than
environment of that population. The specificity of
African-Americans in the IQ test
heritability means that we should be very
cautious when using heritability to measure the E) Herrnstein and Murray have rejected using
general importance of genes to the development IQ scores in their research
of a trait. A famous misapplication of heritability
comes from the book The Bell Curve, by Charles

Herrnstein and Richard Murray, published in
1994. In this book, the authors report that IQ
scores differ among subpopulations in the United
States. Among white Americans, IQ averages
are around 100 while among African-American
populations, IQ averages are nearly 15 points
lower. Using a conservative estimate of the
heritability of intelligence, they argued that the IQ
differences between whites and blacks are
primarily due to a genetic difference in
intelligence between these groups. However, on
closer look, we can see that Herrnstein and
Murray’s conclusion is flawed. These differences
could be entirely due to environment. Given the
history and current social and economic status of
African-Americans in the United States, it is
certainly possible that their environment is less
enriched than the average environment
experienced by a white individual.

74. The text is mainly about -------.

72. According to the text, Herrnstein and A) the high living standards of
Murray’s research -------. African-Americans
B) the different editions of a book on IQ scores
A) is flawless in terms of methods applied titled The Bell Curve
B) is the best work on IQ up to date C) IQ levels of African-Americans living in the
C) is questionable due to a mistake in United States
application of heritability D) a comparative study of IQ scores between
D) was published in the first half of the two groups in Africa
twentieth century E) a well-known misapplication of heritability in
E) deals with environmental problems IQ testing

76. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in
75 - 77. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya the text as a factor that affects crop growth?
göre cevaplayınız.
A) Fluctuations in temperature
B) The taste of fruits
In addition to temperature, other factors such as C) Existence of sufficient water
the availability of water, prevalence of high D) Pollination agents like honeybees
winds, and the duration and intensity of sunlight
also limit the geographical areas in which various E) Successful pollen germination
crops can be grown. However, as far as getting
the best crop is concerned, even when fruit trees
have bloomed satisfactorily, temperature can be
a determinant of whether a good crop will be
harvested. Most deciduous fruits need
pollination, which is normally done by
honeybees. If the temperature is not right, the

bees just quit flying, and that can mean a very
poor crop indeed. Even if the bees fly and pollen
is spread, the pollen must germinate and the
pollen tube grow down to the ovule, a process
that can be severely restricted by unseasonably
low temperatures. And even when pollination has
been successful, the growth of individual grape
berries (botanically, grapes are berries) can be
restricted by both too high and too low

75. It is clear from the text that -------.

77. The text is mainly about -------.
A) the success of the pollination process
depends solely on the quality of the plant A) the significant role of temperature in growing
B) inadequate sunlight can be disregarded good crops
when trees have bloomed satisfactorily B) the role of temperature on the post-harvest
C) crops may not fully develop unless process
temperatures are suitable C) adaptation of pollination in other fields of
D) the development of deciduous fruits is study
induced by pollination without bees D) the difficulty in detecting honey bees
E) new drug tests must be conducted on E) factors behind the crop variety in some
certain plants regions

79. It is clear from the text that -------.
78 - 80. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya
göre cevaplayınız. A) electricity production in a fusion reactor is
more time-consuming than other power
Fusion energy almost sounds too good to be true B) coal-fired plants will produce less energy if
because of zero greenhouse gas emissions, no fusion plants are operational
long-lived radioactive waste, and nearly unlimited C) the number of coal-fired power plants is
fuel supply. Yet, fusion power designs are not declining due to fusion reactors in use
cheap enough to outperform systems that use
D) when in use, the fusion power plant will not
fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas.
release any harmful gases
However, University of Washington engineers
hope to change that. They have designed a E) fusion reactors and fossil-fuelled power
concept for a fusion reactor that, when scaled up plants can both be turned into
to the size of a large electrical power plant, self-sustaining energy sources
would rival costs for a new coal-fired plant with

similar electrical output. The design builds on
existing technology and creates a magnetic field
within a closed space to hold plasma in place
long enough for fusion to occur, allowing the hot
plasma to react and burn. The reactor itself
would be largely self-sustaining, meaning it
would continuously heat the plasma to maintain
thermonuclear conditions. Heat generated from
the reactor would heat up a coolant that is used
to spin a turbine and generate electricity, similar
to how a typical power plant works.

78. It is clear from the text that-------.

A) engineers have succeeded in making 80. The text mainly deals with -------.
current energy systems more
environmentally friendly A) various cost-efficient means of producing
B) a fusion reactor can produce much more energy
power than present plants B) existing fusion power plants and their
C) for the time being, the cost of fusion energy benefits
design is too high to be used widely C) research on future plants run by fossil fuels
D) the fusion power plant design is based D) the cost of fusion power plants and
entirely on new technology coal-fired plants
E) a cheaper way to produce energy from fossil E) a prospective fusion reactor design with
fuels is under way great potential


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