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Thermoregulation and Evaporative Water Loss in Chinese Bulbuls Pycnonotus sinensis
投稿时间：2014-01-11  修订日期：2014-08-26
DOI：DOI: 10.13859/j.cjz.201406006
中文关键词:  白头鹎  产热  蒸发失水  体温调节
英文关键词:Pycnonotus sinensis  Thermogenesis  Evaporative water loss  Thermoregulation
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(No. 31070366)；浙江省自然科学基金(LY13C030005)；浙江省“新苗人才计划”项目部分资助
夏素素 温州大学生命与环境科学学院 xiasusu1111@163.com 
俞呈呈 义乌市大成中学  
沈丽玉 温州大学生命与环境科学学院  
章忆颖 温州大学生命与环境科学学院  
郑蔚虹 温州大学生命与环境科学学院
柳劲松 温州大学生命与环境科学学院
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      采用开放式呼吸测定仪和数字式温度测量仪,在环境温度为5.0~35.0℃范围内,测定白头鹎的体温、代谢产热和蒸发失水(EWL),并计算其热传导等生理生态特征。结果表明：白头鹎的热热中性区为25.0~32.0℃；基础代谢率(BMR)为(3.67±0.03)ml O2 g-1 h-1,是体重预期值的64%。平均最小热传导为(0.15±0.00)ml O2 g-1 h-1-1,是体重预期值的124%。蒸发失水与产热的比率(EWL/RMR)在5.0~35.0℃时随着环境温度的升高而升高,在35℃时达到峰值,为(1.71±0.07)mg H2O/ml O2。代谢水和蒸发失水的比率(MWP/EWL)随环境温度上升而下降,在16.4℃时,MWP/EWL为1。这些结果表明了白头鹎具有较低的基础代谢率和高的热传导,蒸发失水在体温调节中占有重要的地位。
      Basal metabolic rate (BMR, seen as the body’s physiological maintenance cost) is thought to be a major hub of physiological mechanisms connecting life history characteristics, and evaporative water loss (EWL) is a physiological indicator used to measure water relations in inter– or intraspecific studies of birds. In this study, we examined body temperature (Tb), metabolic rate (MR) and EWL at ambient temperatures (Ta) between 5 and 35 ?C in summer–acclimatized Chinese bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis) that were captured in Wenzhou . Experiments were carried out in July 2011. Body mass was determined immediately upon capture with a balance, and the mean body mass was 29.6 ± 1.7 g. Animals were transported to the laboratory and caged for 1 week (50 cm × 30 cm × 20 cm) outdoors under natural photoperiod and temperature. Birds’ metabolic rates were measured with an open–circuit respirometry system. A ‘U’ tube (containing silica gel) was connected in series behind the respiratory chamber and weighed (±0.1mg). The amount of evaporative water lost by each bird was absorbed by the silica gel and could therefore be measured by reweighing the U tube at the end of the measurement. We found that mean Tb was 40.7±0.1?C and average minimum thermal conductance (C) was 0.15 ml O2 g-1 h-1 ?C-1. The thermal neutral zone (TNZ) was 25.0~32.0?C and BMR was 3.67±0.03 ml O2 g-1 h-1. Below the lower critical temperature of the TNZ, MR increased linearly with decreasing Ta according to the relationship: MR (ml O2 g-1 h-1) = 5.296–0.068 Ta. EWL increased with Ta according to the relationship: Log EWL (mg H2O h-1) =1.563 0.021 Ta which exceeded metabolic water production at Ta > 16.4?C. Chinese bulbuls had lower levels of BMR and high levels of thermal conductance, compared with the predicted values based on their body masses, and it also had wide TNZ. It suggests that EWL plays an important role in thermoregulation