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➔ Bodies of fresh water become acidic when continuously subjected to highly acidic rainfall as a result of air pollution from local or regional heavy industries

➔ Local vulnerabilities are higher where soils are more acidic and fail to reduce the acidity level of polluted rains

➔ Acidic water is toxic for fish, if used for irrigation it is toxic for crops, if drunk it is toxic for human health, and if used for industrial purposes, it can corrode and damage technical infrastructure

➔ If acidic water is not treated, the costs incurred further down the supply chain are likely to be greater and more harmful to populations and the economy