NAME Bubblegum - Opinionated Modern Perl Development Framework VERSION version 0.39 SYNOPSIS package Person; use Bubblegum::Class; has 'firstname' => ( is => 'ro', required => 1 ); has 'lastname' => ( is => 'ro', required => 0 ); sub greet { my $self = shift; my $subject = shift; # fatal assertions $self->asa_object; $subject->asa_string; $subject = $subject->titlecase; my $target = $self->firstname->titlecase; my $greeting = "Hello %s. My name is %s, nice to meet you."; return $subject->format($greeting, $target); } And elsewhere: my $jeff = Person->new(firstname => 'jeffrey'); say $jeff->greet('amanda'); DESCRIPTION Bubblegum is a modern Perl development framework, it enforces common best practices and is intended to be used to enhance your Perl environment and development experience. The design goal of Bubblegum is to be as minimal as possible, enabling as many core features as is justifiable, making the common most repetitive programming tasks simply a method call away, and having all this available by simply requiring this library. This framework is very opinionated and designed around convention over configuration. Designed for adoption, all of the techniques used in this framework are well-known by experienced Perl developers and made conveniently available to programmers at all levels, i.e., no experimental features used. Note: This is an early release available for testing and feedback and as such is subject to change. use Bubblegum; # or Bubblegum::Class; # or Bubblegum::Role # or Bubblegum::Singleton; is equivalent to use 5.10.0; use strict; use warnings; use autobox; use autodie ':all'; use feature ':5.10'; use English -no_match_vars; use utf8::all; use mro 'c3'; with the exception that Bubblegum implements it's own autoboxing architecture. The Bubblegum autobox classes are the foundation for this development framework. The decision to re-implement many core and autobox functions was based on the desire to build-in data validation and design a system using roles for a higher level of abstraction. The following functionality is made available simply by using Bubblegum: # integers my $range = 5->to(1); # [ 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ] # floats my $strip = 3.1415927->incr->int; # 4 # strings my $greet = 'hello world'->titlecase; # "Hello World" # arrays my $alpha = ['a'..'z']; my $map = $alpha->keyed(1..26); # { 1=>'a', 2='b', ...} # hashes my $map = { 1=>'a', 2=>'b', 3=>'c' }; $map->reset->set(1 => 'z'); # { 1=>'z', 2=undef, 3=>undef } # routines my $code = ['a'..'z']->iterator; my $char = $code->call; # a # comparison operations my $ten = "10"; # string containing the 10 $ten->eqtv(10) # false, type/value mismatch $ten->eq(10) # true, coercive comparison 10->eq($ten) # true, same as above "10"->type # string (10)->type # integer 10->typeof('array') # false 10->typeof('code') # false 10->typeof('hash') # false 10->typeof('integer') # true 10->typeof('nil') # false 10->typeof('null') # false 10->typeof('number') # true 10->typeof('string') # false 10->typeof('undef') # false # include Moo as your default object-system (optional) use Bubblegum::Class; # Bubblegum w/ Moo use Bubblegum::Role; # Bubblegum w/ Moo (Role) use Bubblegum::Singleton; # Bubblegum w/ Moo (Singleton) INTRODUCTION Bubblegum makes essential core features and common functionality readily available via automation (autoloading, autoboxing, autodying, etc). It promotes modern Perl best practices by automatically enabling a standard configuration (utf8::all, strict, warnings, features, etc) and by extending core functionality with Bubblegum::Wrapper extensions. Bubblegum is an opinionated object-oriented development framework, the core is designed to leverage as much of the Perl core, 5.10+, as possible and uses Moo to provide a minimalistic object system (compatible with Moose). This framework is modeled using object-roles for a higher-level of abstraction and consistency. FEATURES * Requires 5.10.0 * Enforces Strict Syntax and Enables Warnings * Core Functions Throw Exceptions * Autoboxing With Consistent Function Names * Encoding and Decoding Utilities * UTF-8 Encoding For All IO Operations * Modern Method Order Resolution * Modern Minimalistic Object System * Functional and Object-Oriented Type Checking * Extendable with Optional Features and Enhancements RATIONALE The TIMTOWTDI (there is more than one way to do it) motto has been a gift and a curse. The Perl language (and community) has been centered around this concept for quite some time, in that the language "doesn't try to tell the programmer how to program" which makes it easy to write concise and powerful statements but which also makes it easy to write extremely messy and incoherent software (with great power comes great responsibility). Another downside is that as the number of decisions a programmer has to make increases, their productivity decreases. Enforced consistency is a path many other programming languages and frameworks have adopted to great effect, so Bubblegum is one approach towards that end in Perl. Bubblegum Add-Ons Additional features and enhancements can be enabled by using the Bubblegum::Constraints module which exports type constraint and validation functions, and the Bubblegum::Functions module which exports various utility functions. Bubblegum is designed as a construction-kit; having it's feature-set compartmentalized in such a way as to allow the maximum amount of interoperability. Bubblegum can be used along-side any of the many object-systems. Hardcore Perl hackers around the world are working tirelessly around the clock to give us a better system for elegantly defining objects and classes using modern Perl best practices, ... but in the meantime, have some Bubblegum. use Bubblegum; use Bubblegum::Functions 'will'; # take a moment to reason about the following Perl example. my $print = will '@output; say @output'; $print->curry(1..10)->call; # 12345678910 Bubblegum Topology Bubblegum type classes are built as extensions to the autobox type classes. The following is the custom autobox type, subtype and roles hierarchy. All native data types inherit their functionality from the universal class, then whichever autobox subtype class is appropriate and so on. Bubblegum overlays object-roles on top of this design to enforce constraints and consistency. The following is the current layout of the object roles and relationships. Note, this will likely evolve. INSTANCE -+ [ROLE] VALUE | UNDEF -+ [ROLE] ITEM | UNIVERSAL -+ [ROLE] DEFINED | +- SCALAR -+ | [ROLE] VALUE | | | +- NUMBER -+ | | [ROLE] VALUE | | | | | +- INTEGER | | | [ROLE] VALUE | | | | | +- FLOAT | | [ROLE] VALUE | | | +- STRING | [ROLE] VALUE | +- ARRAY | [ROLE] REF | [ROLE] LIST | [ROLE] INDEXED | +- HASH | [ROLE] REF | [ROLE] KEYED | +- CODE [ROLE] VALUE Bubblegum Type Operations The following classes have methods which can be invoked by variables containing data of a type corresponding with the type the class is designed to handle. Array Operations Array operations work on arrays and array references. Please see Bubblegum::Object::Array for more information on operations associated with array references. Code Operations Code operations work on code references. Please see Bubblegum::Object::Code for more information on operations associated with code references. Hash Operations Hash operations work on hash and hash references. Please see Bubblegum::Object::Hash for more information on operations associated with hash references. Integer Operations Integer operations work on integer and number data. Please see Bubblegum::Object::Integer for more information on operations associated with integers. Number Operations Number operations work on data that meets the criteria for being a number. Please see Bubblegum::Object::Number for more information on operations associated with numbers. String Operations String operations work on data that meets the criteria for being a string. Please see Bubblegum::Object::String for more information on operations associated with strings. Undef Operations Undef operations work on variables whose value is undefined. Note, undef operations do not work on undef directly. Please see Bubblegum::Object::Undef for more information on operations associated with undefined variables. Universal Operations Universal operations work on all data which meets the criteria for being defined. Please see Bubblegum::Object::Universal for more information on operations associated with array references. Bubblegum Wrappers A Bubblegum::Wrapper module exists to extend Bubblegum itself and further extend the functionality of native data types by letting the data bless itself into wrappers (plugins) in a chain-able discoverable manner. It's also useful as a technique for coercion and indirect object instantiation. The following is an example: use Bubblegum; my $hash = {1..3,{4,{5,6,7,{8,9,10,11}}}}; my $json = $hash->json; # load Bubblegum::Wrapper::Json dynamically say $json->encode; # encode the hash as json # {"1":2,"3":{"4":{"7":{"8":9,"10":11},"5":6}}} The follow list of wrappers are distributed with the Bubblegum distribution: Digest Wrapper The Bubblegum digest wrapper, Bubblegum::Wrapper::Digest, provides access to various hashing algorithms to encode/decode messages. Dumper Wrapper The Bubblegum data-dumper wrapper, Bubblegum::Wrapper::Dumper, provides functionality to encode/decode Perl data structures. Encoder Wrapper The Bubblegum encoding wrapper, Bubblegum::Wrapper::Encoder, provides access to content encoding/decoding functionality. JSON Wrapper The Bubblegum json wrapper, Bubblegum::Wrapper::Json, provides functionality to encode/decode Perl data structures as JSON documents. YAML Wrapper The Bubblegum yaml wrapper, Bubblegum::Wrapper::Yaml, provides functionality to encode/decode Perl data structures as YAML documents. Extending Bubblegum As an alternative to using Bubblegum wrappers, you can rebase (i.e. extend) the Bubblegum framework directly, and customize it for your application-specific usages. The following is an example of how you can accomplish this: package MyApp::Core; use parent 'Bubblegum'; use Bubblegum::Namespace Array => 'MyApp::Core::Object::Array'; use Bubblegum::Namespace Code => 'MyApp::Core::Object::Code'; use Bubblegum::Namespace Float => 'MyApp::Core::Object::Float'; use Bubblegum::Namespace Hash => 'MyApp::Core::Object::Hash'; use Bubblegum::Namespace Integer => 'MyApp::Core::Object::Integer'; use Bubblegum::Namespace Number => 'MyApp::Core::Object::Number'; use Bubblegum::Namespace Scalar => 'MyApp::Core::Object::Scalar'; use Bubblegum::Namespace String => 'MyApp::Core::Object::String'; use Bubblegum::Namespace Undef => 'MyApp::Core::Object::Undef'; use Bubblegum::Namespace Universal => 'MyApp::Core::Object::Universal'; 1; The example above creates an application-specific package derived from Bubblegum and changes the default Bubblegum object class namespaces to application-specific ones. Each class will need to be derived from its respective Bubblegum counterpart, for example: package MyApp::Core::Object::Array; use parent 'Bubblegum::Object::Array'; sub pushpop { push @{(shift)}, pop @{(shift)}; } 1; This allows you to add and/or override object methods and tailor object type handling around your specific use-cases. AUTHOR Al Newkirk CONTRIBUTORS * Toby Inkster * Сергей Романов COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 2013 by Al Newkirk. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.