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Articles by M Kanai
Total Records ( 2 ) for M Kanai
  J. J Lee , M Natsuizaka , S Ohashi , G. S Wong , M Takaoka , C. Z Michaylira , D Budo , J. W Tobias , M Kanai , Y Shirakawa , Y Naomoto , A. J.P Klein Szanto , V. H Haase and H. Nakagawa

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), in particular HIF-1, have been implicated in tumor biology. However, HIF target genes in the esophageal tumor microenvironment remain elusive. Gene expression profiling was performed upon hypoxia-exposed non-transformed immortalized human esophageal epithelial cells, EPC2-hTERT, and comparing with a gene signature of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In addition to known HIF-1 target genes such as carbonic anhydrase 9, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES) was identified as a novel target gene among the commonly upregulated genes in ESCC as well as the cells exposed to hypoxia. The PTGES induction was augmented upon stabilization of HIF-1 by hypoxia or cobalt chloride under normoxic conditions and suppressed by dominant-negative HIF-1. Whereas PTGES messenger RNA (mRNA) was negatively regulated by normoxia, PTGES protein remained stable upon reoxygenation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis was documented in transformed human esophageal cells by ectopic expression of PTGES as well as RNA interference directed against PTGES. Moreover, hypoxia stimulated PGE2 production in a HIF-1-dependent manner. In ESCC, PTGES was overexpressed frequently at the mRNA and protein levels. Finally, COX-2 and PTGES were colocalized in primary tumors along with HIF-1 and IGFBP3. Activation of the COX-2–PTGES axis in primary tumors was further corroborated by concomitant upregulation of interleukin-1β and downregulation of hydroxylprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Thus, PTGES is a novel HIF-1 target gene, involved in prostaglandin E biosynthesis in the esophageal tumor hypoxic microenvironment, and this has implications in diverse tumors types, especially of squamous origin.

  T Endo , K Kano , R Motoki , K Hama , S Okudaira , M Ishida , H Ogiso , M Tanaka , N Matsuki , R Taguchi , M Kanai , M Shibasaki , H Arai and J. Aoki


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