How the Surprise New Interactive Black Mirror Came Together

Bandersnatch, which hits the streaming service today, is Netflix's first salvo in a new era of storytelling.
Image may contain Human Person and Video Gaming
Bandersnatch, which hits the streaming service today, is Netflix's first salvo in a new era of storytelling.Stuart Hendry/Netflix

By nearly any measure, Netflix has had a ridiculous year. When all is said and done, the company will have spent upwards of $10 billion (and perhaps as much as $13 billion) to produce more than 550 new movies and shows. Those new movies and shows, in turn, have helped to attract some of the more than 27 million new subscribers that Netflix signed up in 2018—adding to a customer base that was already close to 120 million strong worldwide. (And picking up 23 Emmys in the process.) Sci-fi and anime; rom-coms and horror flicks; kids' shows and comedy specials; documentaries and mockumentaries, food and talk shows, acclaimed indies and would-be Oscar winners.

But virtually all of those offerings were exactly the same in one crucial way: you pressed play, you watched the show or movie, and then it was over. In other words, you consumed the show as it was—conceived of, created, then presented to you as a finished work. That changes today, with the arrival of a surprise Black Mirror episode. Or film. Or … something.

Black Mirror: Bandersnatch sits squarely in the dystopian anthology show's tradition of chilling tech parables. It has elements of horror, science fiction, and '80s nostalgia. It has British actors you know you know, just can't remember where you know them from. It has moments you're not sure you've ever seen on TV before. One thing it doesn't have, though, is a run time. You might watch it in 50 minutes, or it might be closer to 70. Hell, it might take you two hours to watch. Because Bandersnatch isn't just any episode. It's an "interactive film"—one you steer as you watch, choosing the way you want the story to unfold.

The end result is the culmination of more than 18 months of planning and production (and pain), but it's also the beginning. Because while Netflix already pioneered the art of nonlinear television, the company is bent on doing the same for interactive storytelling. So grab your remote control. You're gonna need it.

Confronted with a choice, Bandersnatch protagonist Stefan (Fionn Whitehead) awaits your decision.Netflix

Almost as soon as Carla Engelbrecht joined Netflix five years ago to lead the company's product efforts for kids and family programming, she began wondering how they could try something different. And in periodic check-ins with her boss, head of product Todd Yellin, the two would mull over ways to create a choose-your-own-adventure type of experience. The topic was nearly inevitable, given Engelbrecht's past: She'd spent years working at the intersection of interactive and children's education, including stints at PBS Kids and the Sesame Workshop. (If you or your offspring ever played Ready, Set, Grover! or Elmo's Musical Monsterpiece on the Nintendo Wii, you have her to thank.)

The idea took some time to progress from stray thought to actual effort, but once it did Engelbrecht and Yellin knew just where to start. Netflix and DreamWorks had expanded their partnership in 2015 to include original content; why not explore the idea in a kids' show first?

"We felt that if it didn't succeed in the kids' space, it wouldn't succeed with grownups," Yellin says now. "Kids don't know how something's supposed to be, they just know how it is." Besides, the company's research and testing made them confident kids would be that much more willing to buy in: "Not only do they want to get involved with characters, but they want to dive in and be with the characters."

So Yellin and Engelbrecht (who is now Netflix's director of product innovation) met with the showrunners of Puss in Boots and a few other shows, and brainstormed their way into a quartet of standalone specials that featured branching narratives. You'd get to a certain point in the story, and a binary prompt would appear on the screen, giving you 10 seconds or so to decide via remote control or tapping the screen. Should Puss kiss Dulcinea or shake her hand? Should Buddy and Darnell from Buddy Thunderstruck have a wet willie contest, or should they work out and "get jacked"?

"Kids in general don't hesitate to talk to the screen," Engelbrecht says. "But they immediately lit up. One of my absolutely favorite moments was with an 8- and 9-year-old brother and sister. They'd go back and forth: 'Shake hands!' 'Kiss!' They'd cheer and boo, and all all the while had these smiles on their faces—and their mom too."

The kids' shows were always meant as a test run, of course—and before they even aired, Yellin and Engelbrecht had decided who they wanted to create the live-action, adult-oriented version. In 2015, Netflix had put a ring on Black Mirror, transforming it from a catalog show to a Netflix-produced one. Creator Charlie Brooker and executive producer Annabel Jones had already proven they could draw an audience eager for something new; now, Yellin and Engelbrecht just had to convince them of a brand-new something new.

In May 2017, the duo—along with Netflix's head of interactive design—met with Brooker and Jones in Los Angeles. "We were so primed to get them excited," Yellin says. "We gave them the slideshow, the whole rollout." The response? "They seemed … OK with it."

"I think we did basically walk out of the room and go, 'no,'" says Brooker. He immediately thought back, he says, to the slow, maddening CD-ROM videogames of the '90s: "I thought, 'Well, they're often really clunky and I can't see how that's going to translate into Black Mirror.'" So that was that.

Except it wasn't. Some weeks later, in a story meeting, an idea popped up that Brooker and Jones realized would only work if it was interactive: a videogame designer in the 1980s, trying to adapt a choose-your-own-adventure novel (which, you may remember, was the style at the time). Oh, shit, Brooker thought. Now we've got to do that, and that's probably going to be complicated.

He was more right than he knew. They started plotting out the story on a whiteboard. "I figured it was going to be pretty much regular," he says, "with a few bits changed at the end." But then they hit on a new wrinkle: What if the story could remember what you'd chosen at earlier points, and incorporate references to those earlier choices? "As soon as that happened," Brooker says, "it was clear that we had something more complicated than a flowchart."

The episode Brooker and Jones kicked back to Netflix wasn't a script in any conventional sense of the word: It was essentially a vast, sprawling outline written in the videogame programming language Twine, which Brooker had taught himself because it was the only way to capture the intra-linked complexity of all the various tributaries and recursions of the Bandersnatch story. "Every time I had an idea I put it in a box, and you can move them around. It's a bit like making a giant patchwork quilt," he says.

Not that it was without its hiccups. "It's the only thing I've ever worked on where the story treatment crashed," Brooker says. But through a combination of Twine, Scrivener, Final Draft, and what he calls "various iterations of Notepad," they finally got everything hashed out. And from then on, it wasn't all that different from creating a typical Black Mirror installment—other than costing twice as much and taking twice as long to produce.

"Well, we don't normally have as many nervous breakdowns," Jones points out.

"We usually have one," Brooker shoots back. "Not 12 consecutively."

The interface for Black Mirror: Bandersnatch, complete with a new icon to denote interactive content.Netflix

Your first decision as a viewer comes less than five minutes into Bandersnatch, as game developer Stephan (Fionn Whitehead) sits down at the breakfast table with his widowed father. Nothing life or death here; it's just a matter of what cereal you want to eat. Regardless of whether you choose Sugar Puffs or Frosties, though, it accomplishes a couple of very important things, both for the very first time.

The first is conditioning you to actually make a choice—something gamers might be used to, but has never been something our screen-based stories have asked us to do. In Engelbrecht's parlance, traditional television is a "lean back" enterprise, and Netflix's interactive plans are a "lean forward" alternative. Before you watch Bandersnatch, the interactivity of which is signaled by a new little starburst-like symbol on its description in the app, you'll be treated to a short tutorial. (Yes, like a videogame.) It's as droll and disorienting as an episode of Black Mirror, thanks to its own little twist, but it establishes the basics: At certain points, as in the kids' programming, the action will pause and present you with a choice, which you'll have about 10 seconds to make.

A user encountering the pre-Bandersnatch interactive tutorial on an iPad.ADAM ROSE/Netflix

The second thing the cereal choice accomplishes is under Bandersnatch's hood. It registers your choice via "state tracking," a technology Netflix developed to accomplish exactly what Brooker and Jones were hoping for, and saves it to be deployed later—in this case, when a television set in the background of a scene plays a commercial for the cereal you chose. (Netflix also built a tool called Branch Manager, which takes Twine out of the equation and enables creators to write interactive stories in a standardized way.)

From then on, it's off on your own personal Bandersnatch adventure, in whichever of its 28 languages you're most comfortable with. There's a spine of the story that everyone will experience: Stephan working to adapt his dead mother's beloved choose-your-own-adventure novel into a game. But how he comes to it, and what he experiences along the way, takes any number of digressions and double-backs. (I won't get into them here, other than to say that not a fourth wall is left standing.)

The magic of combinatorial math means that there are technically more than a trillion paths through the story, though in reality the number is much smaller. But "much smaller" is still pretty huge: There are five main endings, with multiple variants of each—though upon reaching an ending, Netflix will also helpfully bring you back to pivotal decision points so that you can ease your FOMO and try the path not traveled. In a visit to Netflix's headquarters in Los Gatos, California, I had about 75 minutes to make my way through it, and was only able to trigger three endings. Suffice it to say that the Branch Manager visualization of Bandersnatch looks a little bit like Davy Jones from Pirates of the Caribbean trying to eat an entire bowl of spaghetti at once.

Todd Yellin thinks the end result will provide anywhere from 60 to 120 minutes of entertainment for most people. Sure, if you don't touch the remote—or tablet, or keyboard, or phone, or game controller—it'll choose for you, and curate your experience down to a 90-minute default. But that won't be the best one, not by a long shot. "If you don't do anything you get a really crappy experience," says director David Slade, who had previously worked with the Black Mirror team on the "Metalhead" episode. "And not in a really fun way either."

The obvious question here isn't "will Netflix be rolling out more interactive storytelling," but "how soon will it be until we start seeing that starburst logo popping up all over the platform?" While Yellin won't cop to any specifics, he also won't hide his excitement at seeing what's on the other side of the door Bandersnatch opened. "We're just beginning to scratch the surface of the kinds of stories that can be told in this way," he says. "We'd love to see an interactive wacky comedy. We'd love to see an interactive horror film. We'd love to see an interactive romance where you choose the prom date that you want to go with. I mean, there's all kinds of great potential stories that are out there."

The choice is yours.

Bandersnatch is currently compatible with web browsers, iOS and Android, game console and smart TV apps, and virtually every other current-gen device, save for AppleTV and Chromecast.

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