{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.023577235772357725, 'fraction_numerical': 0.011382113821138212, 'mean_word_length': 5.280612244897959, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 1, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Effects of Built Environment on Bus Trip Rates Under Rail Transit Competition

It’s important to explore ways to integrate bus and rail transit by combining both the effects of the built environment and their competition. Using Wuhan city in China as a case study, this study develops gradient boosting decision trees(GBDTs) to examine the threshold range of built environment impacts on bus transit trip rates and to further explore the competitive impacts of rail transit on bus transit within these threshold ranges. The results show that when the number of service point-of-interests(POIs) within a 500 m radius of bus stop reaches 350 and the distance to the destination is 5 km, the model split of bus transit is the highest. The competition impact shows that rail transit promotes bus transit trip rates in urban fringe areas, but restricts in high-density central areas and the regions dominated by short distance trips. These findings provide technical support for optimizing spatial layouts through transit-oriented development. Key word: Bus transit travel, Multimodal transportation, Built environment, Gradient boosting decision trees, Nonlinear effects Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3988132