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A typology of clash-tolerating languages

This paper investigates the typology of quantity-insensitive languages that tolerate stress clashes. Two descriptive generalizations emerge from this typology: 1) clashes are preferentially realised away from the edge, and 2) clashes with primary stress are avoided (Kager 2001). I demonstrate that this result cannot be captured in directional theories of stress, such as those employing gradient alignment (e.g. Gordon 2002; Alber 2005) or serial models (Prince 1983), because, in such approaches, the directionality of stress assignment is independent of preferences for clash realization. As a result, the distribution of clashes in quantity-insensitive languages provides an argument for a non-directional approach to stress (Kager 2001; McCarthy 2003; Buckley 2009). I propose a modified version of this approach, which avoids some pathological predictions made by the Kager (2001) system. A factorial typology is calculated using this constraint set and shown to be appropriately restrictive.