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Host range mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus defective in in vitro RNA methylation.

The viral RNA polymerase of detergent-treated vesicular stomatitis virus normally synthesizes viral mRNAs in vitro that are both guanylylated and methylated to give 5'-terminal 7mGpppAm caps. We have characterized a virus host range mutant, hr 1, that is totally defective in vitro in the methylation of mRNA, although full-length polyadenylylated mRNAs with 5' termini of the form GpppA are synthesized in normal yields. A second mutant, hr 8, is partially defective in methylation and synthesizes mRNAs in vitro with primarily GpppA and some GpppAm 5' termini. When used for in vitro translation, the unmethylated hr 1 mutant mRNA shows, as expected, reduced synthesis of viral proteins. These data provide direct evidence that the vesicular stomatitis virus-associated methyltransferase activities are virus encoded.