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The detection of autoantibodies to IgE in plasma of individuals infected with hookworm (Necator americanus) and the demonstration of a predominant IgG1 anti‐lgE autoantibody response

In this study we have demonstrated significantly elevated levels of circulating IgG autoanti‐IgE antibody in hookworm infected individuals from Kebasob village on Karkar Island, Papua New Guinea. Although anti‐IgE activity was demonstrable in IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4, IgG1 was by far the most important subclass of IgG anti‐IgE in terms of frequency of detection (34/39; 87.2%) and magnitude of increase (P = 0.0000); with IgG3 (16/39; 41.0%) and IgG4 (15/39; 38.5%) antibodies being considerably less prevalent. Plasma levels of IgG1 anti‐IgE (P = 00019) and IgG3 anti‐IgE (P = 0.0034) showed significant correlations with total IgE concentrations, but not with IgE specific to excretory‐secretory worm products; thus suggesting that anti‐IgE synthesis is more related to polyclonal hyper IgE production than to antigen‐specific IgE stimulation. No correlation was seen between IgG subclass anti‐IgE levels and faecal egg counts or worm burden. Given that our data failed to show a negative or a positive correlation between anti‐IgE and the degree of infection with hookworm, it is tempting to speculate that the main role of autoanti‐IgE is to provide the host with protection against immune complex‐ and IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity reactions to parasitic antigens.