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Dental Abnormalities in Free-Ranging Cape Mountain Zebras (Equus zebra zebra)

Received for publication 26 August 1983. Chicago, Illinois 60600, USA; the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA, and the Museum of Natural History, University of Alaska, Fairbanks 99701, USA. Of these, two rams that died at the Brookfield Zoo, Chicago, Illinois 60600, USA and whose skeletons were placed in the Field Museum of Natural History were observed to have prominent and well developed upper canines (Figs. 1 and 2). The protruding canines had disrupted the alignment of the upper premolars. This malahign ment appeared to be associated with displaced and missing teeth of the maxillary and mandible (Figs. 3 and 4). The canines were rounded instead of laterally compressed as is characteristic of the premolars and molars in Ovis. The ends of the canines were worn evenly with the premolars, a situation that appeared to have resulted from abrasion at the point of occlusion with the lower premo!ars. Glaze et al. (1982, J. Wildl. Dis. 18: 305309) postulated that “lumpy jaw” in Dall’s sheep is commonly associated with abnormal wearing of teeth and a disrupted alignment of the tooth arcade. Both rams in the present case report had well developed “lumpy jaw,” missing and displaced teeth, osteolysis with loss of trabecular and cortical bone, and fistulation of the mandible (Fig. 5). The persistence of upper canines, as observed in these skulls, would likely lead to “lumpy jaw” in wild populations of Dall’s sheep. The prevalence of such occurrences, however, appears to be very low based on our review of museum specimens. This conclusion is further supported by Hoef’s (1974, Can. Field Nat. 88: 227-229) report that only one of 400 Dall’s sheep skulls examined from populations of sheep from Yukon Territory, Canada had supernumerary molariform teeth. The higher occurrence (2 of 6 skulls) in specimens from the Brookfield Zoo sheep was most likely a factor of inbreeding. Twenty-four of the 211 skulls (11%) examined in this survey had “lumpy jaw,” however only two of the affected specimens had supernumerary teeth. “Lumpy jaw,” therefore, would not usually be associated with upper canines. Supported by the Foundation for North American Wild Sheep and published as a Utah State University Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Paper No. 2887. We gratefully appreciated the assistance of the staff members at the museums cited.