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Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Alzheimer and Anti-Diabetic Effect of Two Endemic Plants from Algeria: Lavandula antineae and Thymus algeriensis

The purpose of the present work is searching for new sources of bioactive molecules from plants to use them in treating or controlling some health problems. The methanolic extracts of two endemic species in Algeria Lavandula antineae (very few studies on its biological effects) and Thymus algeriensis were analyzed by HPLC/UV then tested for their antioxidant effect by the DPPH and ABTS scavenging radical tests, FRAP test and CUPRAC test. The inhibitory power of these same extracts on acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase was also evaluated. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were found in common in both extracts as 3-hydroxy-4-méthoxycinnamic acid, and quercetin. The results showed considerable antioxidant effects for both plants with minimal IC50 values equal to 10.77±1.14 μg/ml for L. antineae and 11.73±0.20 μg/ml for T. algeriensis. The minimal value of PR0.5 was recorded with L. antineae (10.57± 0.38 μg/ml) after the BHA. The two species are shown to be effective on acetylcholinesterase especially T. algeriensis. L. antineae exhibited a high inhibitory power against butyrylcholinesterase with 20.84±9.74 μg/ml IC50 value. The same plant showed more effective than Galantamine in inhibiting α-glucosidase with 168.61±7.60 μg/ml IC50 value. Interesting results were given by methanolic extract of both plants, which can be exploited in medicine and pharmaceutical domains as natural treatments for diseases like Alzheimer and diabetes type 2.