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PCR- based detection and identification of mastitis-causing bacteria: A review

Mastitis is the most common and commercially significant infectious disease affecting dairy cattle. Mastitis is a global issue since it harms animal health, milk quality, and milk production economics, affecting every country and resulting in significant financial losses. Mastitis pathogens can be categorized into two types based on their epidemiology: infectious and environmental. The identifying procedures used in most clinical laboratories are microbiological culturing of milk and biochemical assays. However, microbiological culture has several drawbacks, including the possibility of bacteria not being isolated from subclinically infected glands due to a low number of pathogens and the presence of residual therapeutic antibiotics in the collected milk, which may limit bacterial development. As a result, non-culture-based diagnostic approaches are required. The use of PCR as a technique to detect bacterial species often linked with mastitis is evaluated in this article. To identify the bacterial species, traditional procedures based on biochemical and physiological features of bacteria will be used. Then, using species-specific primers, the PCR panel will be tuned for simultaneous detection of bacterial species. It is necessary to assess the test agreement between culture and PCR-based identification methods.