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Teachers' Teaching Strategy to Improve Students' Speaking Achievement in Online Learning

This study focuses on Teachers' Teaching Strategy to improve Students' Speaking Achievement in Online Learning. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the learning system in school. Therefore, teachers are required to be creative to improve students’ achievements in online learning. In the world of education, there are many things that can support the learning process and achievement, one of them is Strategy because it helps teacher and students to achive the goals of learning process either in the classroom or in online learning. Kistner, Racoczy, Otto, Klieme, & Buttner state that equipping students with knowledge about how they learn is an important thing that teachers must do in addition to teaching knowledge and skills related to subjects: teachers can teach students how to learn, help them to motivate themselves in preparing for exams, help them how they have to solve complex problems, and help them how to monitor the extent of their own learning, etc, in doing so they have promoted a teaching strategy. The method used by the teacher to help students in learning process so that they can achive the goals have been set is called a learning strategy.


INTRODUCTION
Teaching refers to the concrete designed by teachers to provide the learning for students in the school. Teaching is an activity that is carried out with a design to help the learning process. In the world of education, there are many things that can support the learning process achievement, either at school or at university. One of them is Strategy.
Strategy is important, especially in teaching English which incidentally is a foreign language for Indonesia. As in Kerinci, a place where researcher live and do preresearch, the people are still using the local language where one village language is different from others. Students do not use English language here, even Indonesian. They use their own local language, even with their friends in the school.
The case above clearly shows the evidence that students have lack interest of English. There are several factor that might influence it, such as: (1) The teaching strategy tends to Textbook without variation. (2) The media are used only limited to the board, markers, erasers, rulers, and objects that exist around the students in the classroom (3) Rarely use of language to practice students' language skills such as listening, reading, writing, and speaking. (4) The students are only equipped with materials that be able to answer the exam questions. So, it is considered successful if the students' value tests were good. This is the importance of teacher teaching strategy when teaching English language in the school, a teacher is required not only able to provide both theory and knowledge of languages, but more than that. In line with the purpose of the language, students are required to have communication skills both oral and written. A teacher is also required to always present strategies creatively to teach the students with clear, fun, and make the students motivated to learn and use English language inside and outside the school.
According to Gill & Kusum [1] Strategy is that full planning skills of a working system by which the objectives can be achieved easily. Kistner, Racoczy, Otto, Klieme, & Buttner [2] state that equipping students with knowledge about how they learn is an important thing that teachers must do in addition to teaching knowledge and skills related to subjects: teachers can teach students how to learn, Helps them to motivate themselves in preparing for exams, how they have to solve complex problems, and how to monitor the extent of their own learning, etc, in doing so they have promoted a teaching strategy. The method used by the teacher to help students in learning process so that they can achive the goals have been set is called a learning strategy.
In English, the skill which students should have mastery about is speaking. Speaking is one of the productive skills besides listening that is very important and cannot be separated with our daily live. It was not just produce out the word or sound, but more than that, such as communicate ideas, express feelings, express opinions, and etc. According to Ashour [3] speaking is the productive skill which in conveying certain messages, students use words and sentences for specific purpose using grammatical rules and in a confident and comfortable atmosphere.
Although the facts in the field show that Indonesian students have studied English Learning since junior high school, most of them have not yet fluent in English, especially in speaking. In this case, Teacher as the guidance has a responsibility to help students in improving their speaking achievement by making some correction regarding to the problem in the teaching learning process.
Unfortunately, the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the learning system in the world, especially in Indonesia from classroom activity to online learning. Therefore, teachers are required to have creative strategy to improve students' achievements. So, this study aims to determine Teachers' Teaching Strategy to improve Students' Speaking Achievement in Online Learning.
Researcher has conducted a pre-research in the Academy of Nursing Bina Insani Sakti (AKPER BIS) Sungai Penuh, Kerinci. AKPER BIS is a place where students learn the language of English from the 3rd semester until the 5th semester for the specific purpose, namely English for Nursing. Speaking achievement is the goal of the English subject there.
There are some problems faces by students and lecturers about English Speaking achievement. First, the lecturers get difficulties to teach speaking in Online Learning. Second, the lack of supporting factors such as signal, gadgets, etc. Third, there are many students who prefer to write than speak when they are communicating in online learning class. Fourth, there are many students get difficulties in understanding English sentence meaning when the lecturer talking to them. And the last, the lecturers get difficulty to determine what strategy can be used to improve students' speaking achievement in online learning. Thus, researchers conduct the research entitled "TEACHERS' TEACHING STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT IN ONLINE LEARNING"

Definition of Teaching Strategy
The origin of the word strategy actually comes from the Greeks, which connects it with the military connotation "strategos", can be used as plans with the effective use of resources to defeat the enemy [4]. According to Nickols [5] Strategy can be defined as perspectives, ways, plans, and patterns. The strategy is something as a bridge between the goals to be achieved and the ways or tactics to achieve the goals.
The teachers are expected to discover the right strategy in a way to involves students, making connection with the previous learning content, presenting learning that is easy for students to implement, and providing chances for students to learning the process (analysis, reflection, application and practice) [6]. Teaching strategy refers to methods, techniques, tools, disciplines, and communications used by teacher in learning process to reach the learning purpose [7].
It can be concluded that teaching strategy is the teacher action to implementing the teaching plan, teacher effort in using several teaching variable such as objectives, material, methods, tools and evaluation in order to influence students to achieve the goal that has been set.

Strategies in Teaching Speaking
Widyaningsih & Robiasih [8] state that to help students speak well, a teacher needs several Strategies. there are 10 strategies, namely:

Setting Clear Lesson Goals
Every lesson must have clear objectives. So that teachers and students can focus on aspects of learning that can help getting the goals.

Showing & Telling
By Telling, Teachers and students can provide and exchange the knowledge. Meanwhile, by Showing directs students doing something right. When the Teachers tell them something, the Teachers must also show them how to do it. Thus, Teachers are expected to start learning by Showing and Telling.

Questioning to Check for Understanding
Research shows that most teachers ask students questions in the teaching and learning process to know their understanding in the lesson. Asking questions to understand students' understanding is important for a teacher before continuing to the next lesson. Randomized sampling, student answer-boards and tell-a-friend are very helpful.

Summarizing New Learning in a Graphical Way
There are many things that teachers can do to help students understand the learning that has been learned, such as summarizing the lesson and understanding the relationship between aspects of what the teacher has taught previously. Discuss summary using graphics are the best ways to end teacher performances and lessons.

Plenty of Practice
Practice makes students more familiar with the teacher's learning theory. Practice also helps students to keep the knowledge and skills they have learned and provides opportunities for them to check understanding. Finally, research shows that students perform better when practicing the same thing regularly.

Providing Students with Feedback
How do you feel being praised for doing something? Praise is one example of feedback that teachers can do for their students in the learning process in class. Simply put, by providing feedback, students see how they have done a particular task. Feedback gives students understanding of what they have done well and how they can become better.

Being Flexible about How Long it takes to Learn
The teachers do not have to determine how long it takes students to learn, because each student has different time to mastery the material which is influenced by things beyond the reach of the teacher.

Getting Students Working together (in productive ways)
Many teachers apply group discussion in classroom learning. However, unproductive group work occurs at all. Students tend to take advantage of one of the members who is able to carry out the assigned task. Because of this, the teacher needs to be selective in choosing group members so that all members of groups play the role.

Teach Strategies Not just Content
Teachers are expected to be able to teach students with relevant strategies. Like teaching students Mathematics, the teacher must teach the strategies to deal with problems. And, as with language, students are tought to be able to practice and use the language well in their real life.

Nurture Meta-Cognition
Meta-cognition involves thinking, choices and outcomes -and the effects will be greater than just a strategy. With meta-cognition, students will be looking for the strategies to be used to achieve learning goals and those strategies that are more effective than others. With all the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy before continuing or changing the strategy they chose previously.
It can be concluded that strategy is important, because it helps students to achieve learning objective. Teachers are also expected be able to implement appropriate strategies to help students use the target language.

Definition of Speaking Achievement
Speaking can be defined as the potential of students to convey the ideas orally using correct pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary according to the context in achieving spoken goals [9].
Achievement is about how much the students get the ability in understanding the subject matter. Hornby [10] achievement is something succesfully that students have get from learning process with full of efforts and skills.
Students' achievement in this research refers to their speaking ability. Students' speaking achievement can be defined as the ability in develop meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing the knowledge succeed by students in reaching the goal.
There are two reasons why speaking is more difficult than reading, listening, or writing. First, speaking happens in real time, unlike reading or writing: you are talking to someone and he or she listen it in real time. secomd, in speaking, we cannot change what we have said as we can in writing. So, in this research require to just focus on speaking achievement.

Concept of Speaking
If the students can express their feeling, idea or emotion through verbal sense effectively, they have speaking Achievement. Teacher as the guidance have a responsibility to help students to improving their speaking achievement by making some corrections regarding to the problem of learning. According to Ashour [3] there are some English Language Speaking sub-skills:

Accuracy
Accuracy is about using correct grammar and using correct word in speech.

Fluency
According to Crystal [11] Fluency are "smooth, rapid, effortless use of language". Fluency counts the percentage of how people understand what you say [12].

Appropriacy
Talking about the Appropriacy, we mean whether something is suitable or acceptable in that situation or not.

FINDINGS
Online learning cannot be separated with technology. Mubarak [13] stated it is true that technology is important and very significant in its existence in the educational environtment. School nowadays, teachers and students use electronic gadgets, online resources, and social media to maximize their academic achievement and to enhance their learning and teaching process.
The Covid-19 pandemic situation has changed the learning system in the world, especially in Indonesia from classroom activity to online learning. Therefore, teachers are required to have creative strategies to improve students' achievements with the help of available learning applications. But nowadays, the lack of supporting factors such as signal, gadgets, etc. require WhatsApp is the most popular application used in online learning because of the ease, affordability, and features provided.
Before using WhatsApp to improve Students' speaking achievement in online learning, Susanti & Tarmuji [14] stated that there are three things to do: First, creating the group of learning. The students set the name of the learning group and the leaning group icon on WhatsApp is made by students taking turns with a certain period of time using English phrases or picture. Second, setting up rules, to improve students' speaking achievement teachers set a rule that speaking English is the only way to communicate in that WhatsApp group. Third, get used to technology and build the positive things about it. Being intimate with technology helps students feel free to express their ideas and help the students get easy in understanding English sentence meaning when the teacher talking to them.
There are more strategies used by teachers in speaking teaching: discussion, role plays and simulations, and games. Many students joined the class enthusiastically because the classroom can be enjoyable experience for them and the students will focus to the lesson to increase their speaking skill. Ganna, Haryanto, & Salija [15] First, Discussion. It is considered a HOTS (higher order thinking skills) learning strategy where educators are required to be able think critically. not just receiving knowledge from the teacher, but must actively explain their ideas and thoughts and develop their own knowledge of the subject [16].
In online learning, the use of discussion strategy can be started by dividing students into small group discussion containing 2 or 3 students. One group in each meeting is required to present the material via Video or Recording presentation which is then shared with other members through WhatsApp group. Then, each group is required to provide questions, comments, inputs, etc. through WhatsApp Voice Note feature.
Second, Simulation. It is a learning process which is based on real life situation. The simulation, something that is be planed to describe real life circumtances so that it looks like an actual event, thus, studentss take on roles, analyze the data, and solve problems. Chilcott [17]. Simulation strategy in online learning can use videos simulation either in small group or independently by students. Then, students should share it in WhatsApp group to be assessed by the teacher.
Thus, with those teachers' teaching strategies in online learning especially in WhatsApp are expected that all students participate actively so that they can improve their speaking achievements.

CONCLUSION
There are some problems faces by students and teachers about English Speaking achievement. First, the lecturers get difficulties to teach speaking in Online Learning. Second, the lack of supporting factors such as signal, gadgets, etc. Third, there are many students who prefer to write than speak when they are communicating in online learning class. Fourth, there are many students get difficulties in understanding English sentence meaning when the lecturer talking to them. And the last, the lecturers get difficulty to determine what strategy can be used to improve students' speaking achievement in online learning.
The method used by the teacher to help students in learning process so that they can achive the goals have been set is called a learning strategy. Unfortunately, the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the learning system in the world, especially in Indonesia from classroom activity to online learning. Therefore, teachers are required to have creative strategy to improve students' achievements. So, this study aims to determine the Teachers' Teaching Strategy to improve Students' Speaking Achievement in Online Learning.
The lack of supporting factors such as signal, gadgets, etc. requires WhatsApp is the most popular application used in online learning because of the ease, affordability, and features provided. Before using WhatsApp to improve Students' speaking achievement in online learning, based on Susanti & Tarmuji [14] there are three things to do. First, creating the group of learning. Second, setting up the rules. Third, get used to technology and build the positive things about it.
Several strategies that are mostly used to teach speaking: First, Discussion. It used to be with Video or Recording presentation which is then shared to other Advances in Engineering Research, volume 205 students through WhatsApp group. Then, each group is required to provide questions, comments, inputs, etc. through WhatsApp Voice Note feature. Second, Simulation. Simulation strategy in online learning can use videos simulation either in small group or independently by students. Then, students should share it in WhatsApp group to be assessed by the teacher.
Thus, with those teachers' teaching strategies in online learning especially in WhatsApp are expected that all students participate actively so that they can improve their speaking achievements.