{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.036065573770491806, 'fraction_numerical': 0.018032786885245903, 'mean_word_length': 5.1858108108108105, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 1, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 1, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Racial differences in choice of dialysis modality for children with end-stage renal disease.

OBJECTIVE
Black-white disparities in the use of specific medical and surgical services have been reported in adult populations. Such disparities are not well documented in children. We sought to determine whether racial disparities in the use of medical services exist among children with chronic illness who have similar health insurance, specifically the choice of dialysis modality for individuals with end-stage renal disease.


DESIGN
National cross-sectional study.


SETTING
Outpatient dialysis facilities throughout the United States.


PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS
All Medicare-eligible children (age, </=19 years) undergoing renal replacement therapy in 1990 in the United States, using data from the Medicare ESRD registry.


OUTCOME MEASURES
The odds of receiving hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis according to race. Adjustment was made for differences in age, gender, cause, and duration of end-stage renal disease, income, education, and facility characteristics using multiple logistic regression.


RESULTS
In 1990, 870 white and 368 black children received chronic (>1 year) renal replacement therapy in the United States. In bivariate analysis, blacks were two times (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7, 2.8) more likely than whites to receive hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis. After controlling for other patient and facility characteristics in multivariate analysis, black children were still significantly more likely than white children to receive hemodialysis (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7, 3.5).


CONCLUSIONS
Black race is strongly associated with the use of hemodialysis in children. Family, patient, or provider preferences could account for the difference in choice of therapy by race.