{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.022396416573348264, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0167973124300112, 'mean_word_length': 5.208333333333333, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Challenges and Trends in 5G Deployment: A Nigerian Case Study

In recent years, we have witnessed a paradigm shift in mobile operator deployment from Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) to fifth generation (5G) networks. With the completion of the 3GPP Release 15 standards supporting “Non-Standalone 5G” in late 2018, attention has shifted to Standalone 5G, whilst operators across the globe continue to accelerate deployment of 5G based on the latest specifications. This paper addresses the global trends and challenges for early 5G rollout with focus on the Nigeria market. It also provides solutions to guide Nigerian mobile operator on pitfalls and barriers to entry, to allow smooth transitioning from 4G to 5G technology in Nigeria. Finally, the paper provides empirical evidence suggesting UE connected to the small cells use lower transmit power, hence improving uplink performance.