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Cairn Burials and Cairn Fields in the Negev

Within the framework of the Negev Emergency Survey, an area of 450 km2 in the western Negev Highlands was surveyed. Hundreds of cairns were discovered in 1500 sites. This article deals with dating the cairns and with questions regarding their function as graves. Based on Kochavi's excavation of Har Yeroham (1967), it is suggested that the cairns be divided into two categories, one of large cairn fields at the tops of hills, the second of small groups of cairns in settlements. The current survey dates the large cairn fields to the Early Bronze Age because they were associated with settlement sites from that period. However, individual cairns were found in settlement sites from different periods. The vast majority (92.5 percent) of cairns in the cairn fields were empty, while most of those excavated in settlement sites (83.3 percent) contained human remains. It is thus suggested that the large cairn fields in the Negev Highlands were not burial sites, but were probably used in a death ritual.