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Scenes of Istanbul in the Period of Abdulhamid II: Francis Marion Crawford's Travel Book of “Constantinople” and the Turkish Image

Travelogues may contain historical information, many of which cannot be reached with archival documents. For history and historian, human-time-space elements are essential. The witness of these three basic elements is again human. American literary and historian Francis Marion Crawford's travel book, Constantinople, published in 1895, is perhaps the least known of the more than fifty works written by the author during his lifetime. In the academic literature of our country, there is no study dealing with the author and his travel book. Foreign academic literature on the work is almost non-existent. The author of the travelogue is an intellectual who can speak and write fluently in almost fifteen different languages. It is a travel book that gives very valuable information about Istanbul in the period of Abdulhamid II in socio-cultural terms. In the content of the travel book, basic narratives such as the history of Istanbul, the historical and cultural atmosphere of the city, its institutions, art and works of art, its social texture, economic situation, geographical situation, and demographics are included in a concise manner. Perhaps the most valuable element and strength of the travelogue is the in-depth treatment of “cityscapes” including “human landscapes”. It is seen that "everyday life" in 19th century Istanbul is conveyed by using a fluent and technical style with every aspect. During his stay in Istanbul, Crawford made interesting analyzes in his travel book about many events and situations that he traveled, saw and experienced by putting the "people of Istanbul" in the center in the context of the Ottoman "millet system". Although the focus of the travelogue is the “Turks who own the city”, the social, cultural and economic panorama of the Greeks, Armenians and Jews living in the city is also given. In the study, document review method and content analysis technique were used.