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Development of Ezetimibe eutectic with improved biopharmaceutical and mechanical properties to design an optimized oral solid dosage formulation.

Eutectics are multicomponent systems which are an alternative to the conventional techniques for modulating the biopharmaceutical properties of a pharmaceutical. Ezetimibe is a hypocholesterolemic agent with limited dissolution, poor water solubility, and subsequently demonstrates low oral bioavailability. Additionally, ezetimibe exhibits poor mechanical properties, leading to difficulties in developing dosage forms through direct compression. The present work highlights the applicability of eutectics in the simultaneous improvement of physicochemical along with mechanical properties of ezetimibe. A pharmaceutical eutectic of ezetimibe with succinimide was prepared by mechanochemical grinding and thoroughly characterized using thermoanalytical, X-ray diffraction, and spectroscopic methods. Intrinsic dissolution rate and pharmacokinetic analysis were also performed for ezetimibe-succinimide eutectic in contrast to pure ezetimibe. The eutectic demonstrated ∼2-fold increase in the solubility and dissolution rate. In pharmacokinetic studies, the area under the curve (AUC) for ETZ-SUC eutectic (28.03 ± 2.22 ng*h/mL) was found to be higher than ETZ (8.98 ± 0.36 ng*h/mL), indicating improved oral bioavailability for eutectics. Also, it was observed that enhanced material functionality aids in designing directly compressed tablets, where the eutectic formulation showed an improved dissolution profile over the ezetimibe formulation. The study demonstrates that eutectic conglomerates could be utilized to develop ideal oral solid dosage formulations.