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Translation and transcultural adaptation of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) into Spanish

Introduction: The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) is a questionnaire about the physical activities performed by pregnant women that evaluates the practice of physical activity in their daily life, including household and childcare activities, travelling or physical effort in the workplace. This is a semi-quantitative instrument developed and validated for the U.S. culture. Aims: The purpose of this paper is to present the translated version of the aforementioned questionnaire into Castilian Spanish after having made its transcultural adaptation. Methods: The method used to carry out this research has been the so-called “translation-back translation”, a method generally recommended for the transcultural adaptation of questionnaires. The authors of the present paper (BA in Translation and Interpreting, BA in English Language and BA in Spanish Language) and several bilingual translators specialised in this field have participated in both the translation and the adaptation of the PPAQ. Results & discussion: Most questions did not pose any problem from a translational point of view, except for some examples that will be singled out in this paper. The pilot test in 20 pregnant women corroborated that the questionnaire translated into Spanish was correctly understood by the respondents. Conclusions: The method used for the transcultural adaptation of the PPAQ makes it possible to confirm the conceptual equivalence between the English version and the Spanish translation provided here. Future lines of research could include the assessment of the metric characteristics of this questionnaire, although, admittedly, the translation offered below suffices to carry out research in this specific area.