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Randomized Controlled Trial of Music During Kangaroo Care

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the influences of music during kangaroo care on maternal anxiety and preterm infants' responses. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 30 hospitalized preterm infants, from two neonatal intensive care units, with a body weight of 1,500 grams and over and gestational age 37 weeks and lower. Mother-infant dyads were assigned to the treatment and the control group using permuted block randomization stratified on gender. There were 15 mother-infant dyads in each group. Subjects in the treatment dyads listened to their choice of lullaby music during kangaroo care for 60 minutes per sectiontper day for 3 consecutive days. Control dyads received routine incubator care. Using a repeated measures design with a pretest and three post-tests, the responses of treatment dyads including maternal anxiety and infants' physiologic responses (heart rate, respiratory rate, and 0 2 saturation), as well as behavioral state, were measured. The results revealed that there were no significant differences between the two groups on infants' physiologic responses and the values were all in the normal range. However, infants in the treatment group had more occurrences of quiet sleep states and less crying (p < 0.05 to 0.01). Music during kangaroo care also resulted in significantly lower maternal anxiety in the treatment group (p < 0.01). Maternal state anxiety improved daily, indicating a cumulative dose effect. The findings provide evidence for the use of music during kangaroo care as an empirically based intervention for behavioral state stability and maternal anxiety in mother-infant dyads.