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Implications of effluent discharge from a proposed wastewater treatment plant on coastal water quality in the upper gulf of Thailand

Abstract The paper deals with the assessment of the change in coastal water quality due to effluent discharge from a wastewater treatment plant through an outfall in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. A hydrodynamic and water quality modeling approach is used to predict the water quality level in the vicinity of the outfall when the effluent discharge and concentration levels are specified. With the continuation of effluent discharge for a one‐year period, the concentration levels of coliform bacteria and nutrients increase significantly in the vicinity of the outfall. These inferred states of seawater quality would pose hygiene risks for green mussel cultivation and affect the ecosystem due to high nutrient enrichment and eutrophication. Recommendations for improvement are put forward keeping a balance between social, economic, and engineering considerations.