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[Mumps virus and orchitis: towards a physiopathologic approach].

Mumps orchitis is a dreaded complication of mumps is pubescent men. The literature on this subject includes epidemiological, clinical, histological and endocrine findings, indicating a marked variability of the clinical features from one patient to another, an alteration of endocrine function that can persist in the long term and finally post-mumps infertility, which is exceptional. On the other hand, relatively few studies have investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms, and suggest replication of the mumps virus in the testis. Based on these data from the literature, this article reviews or proposes various hypotheses concerning the various pathophysiological aspects of this disease and discusses the lines of research that could advance the current knowledge in order to improve the therapeutic management of patients, while also providing a better knowledge of the mumps virus and basic testicular physiology.