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A case-control study to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis as compared to age and sex matched controls

Background: Psoriasis is an immune mediated chronic inflammatory dermatosis and it is associated with high risk of cardiovascular events. Aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with disease severity in patients with psoriasis.Methods: This was a case control study which included 150 cases of chronic plaque psoriasis and 150 healthy controls. All subjects underwent detailed history and clinical examination including measurement of blood pressure and waist circumference and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. Fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were tested following overnight fasting. Various parameters of metabolic syndrome were compared in two groups using chi square test and fisher’s exact test. Statistical analysis of the data was done using epi-info TM software.Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was more common in patients of psoriasis than in control (56.67% vs. 17.33%; p<0.0001). Psoriatic patients had higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (57.33% vs. 27.33%; p=0.0037), elevated blood pressure (32% vs. 12%; p=0.0001), elevated fasting blood sugar level (62% vs. 22%; p<0.0001), hypertriglyceridemia (44.66% vs. 32%; p=0.0326), low level of HDL cholesterol (64% vs. 21.33%; p<0.0001 and alcohol abuse (22.22% vs. 14.66%; p=0.0154).Conclusions: The findings in our study demonstrated a robust association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome and its components, irrespective of psoriasis severity.