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Two Phase-Diagrams of the Thermal Roughening Transition in Anodic Dissolution of Polycrystalline Nickel

Two phase-diagrams of the thermal roughening transition on polycrystalline nickel surfaces dissolved anodically under sulfuric acid solution concentrations and temperatures were prepared using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and dissolution mass measurement (DMM). One phase diagram shows the transition between polycrystalline surfaces free of grooves formed by preferential grain boundary dissolution and those with grain boundary grooves. Solution concentrations and temperatures at which no formation of grain boundary grooves occurred were demonstrated. The other phase diagram shows stable states among smooth surfaces, rough surfaces, and combined smooth and rough surfaces. CLSM and DMM analyses demonstrated that the transition from smooth surfaces to rough surfaces caused a drastic change in dissolution mass and was attributed to a change in dissolution modes from the motion of kink-antikink pairs to the random formation of adatom-vacancy pairs.