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Treatment Options in Spinal Nidus-type AVMs: Embolization with Particles

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the spinal cord are rare diseases that lead to damage of the spinal cord if not treated. Hemorrhage, circulatory disorders, or space-occupying effects may be the cause of damage. The goal of every form of therapy must be to relieve the spinal cord veins from the blood shunted through the AVM in order to exclude or reduce the risk of possible damage. Among the treatment options for spinal AVMs, particle embolization is one technique that may successfully be carried out in malformations in which there is a nidus composed of a glomus of abnormal vessels (figures 1-3).