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The reduced phase(s) in the deep Earth mantle (≥ 6 GPa): Phase relations and chemical composition of a Fe-Ni-S-C(-P) melt coexisting with mantle silicates

An increasingly majoritic garnet with increasing pressure leads to ferrous iron disproportionation starting between 6-9 GPa according to 3 FeO (silicates) = Fe 2 O 3 (garnet) + Fe 0 (reduced component). The oxygen fugacity at the depth of ferrous iron disproportionation is close to the iron-wüstite (IW) oxygen buffer and further decreases with increasing pressure. Hence, at pressures > 6-9 GPa the mantle is reducing enough to stabilize a Fe-Ni dominated metal phase with a mode of approximately 0.1-0.2 wt.% at the base of the upper mantle (670 km). Light elements such as S, C, N and potentially P and other silicate-incompatible or siderophile elements alloy into the reduced phase. Depending on bulk composition and pressure, Fe-Ni-rich alloy, sulfide liquid, Fe-rich carbides and diamond could occur with mantle silicates. In mantle upwellings, the reduced phase oxidizes and yields CO 2 , which triggers initial silicate melting in the mantle. We target the reduced Fe-Ni-S-C(-P) component and equilibrate it with natural olivine, opx, cpx and garnet in single-crystal San Carlos olivine capsules at ≥ 6 GPa using a multi anvil press. The Fe-Ni-S-C(-P) starting composition was calculated from theoretical and pressure-dependent modes of Fe-Ni metal and Bulk Silicate Earth values for S, C and P, yet the phase proportion of this calculated metallic phase composition was increased to approximately 20 vol.%