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Detectability of selected genetic markers in dried blood on aging.

The detectability of selected blood genetic markers aged up to six months deposited on six substrata, glass, wool, nylon, and three types of cotton (plain cotton, permanent press, and denim), was investigated. The resulting dried blood specimens were aged at ambient temperature at 20 and 66% relative humidities; a few samples were aged at —20°C Analyses were performed on the samples kept blind for the investigators at 1-, 2-, 4-, 13-, and 26-week aging periods. Red cell antigen systems selected for this study were ABO, MN, Rh, Kidd, Duffy, and Kell. The most stable antigens were A, B, and O of ABO; M, N, and s of MN; and D of the Rh system. These variants were identified in specimens aged for 26 weeks at both low and high relative humidities. The least stable antigens, Jk a of Kidd, Fy a of Duffy, and K of the Kell systems, were detectable for only one week at either humidity level. Of these antigens, only Fy a and K aged at 20% humidity were detected at the two-week test period. Other variants (S of MN and C, c, E, and e of Rh) were detected for various lengths of time ranging from 2 to 26 weeks. In particular, Rh factors C, c, and E were affected adversely by high moisture environments. The four enzyme systems selected were adenylate kinase (AK), adenosine deaminase (ADA), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and erythrocyte acid phosphatase (EAP). AK and PGM isoenzymes were still identifiable at 26 weeks, and ADA and EAP at 13 weeks for the low and high humidity storage conditions. PGM isoenzymes appeared to be more stable at low humidity, and ADA and EAP at high humidity. No obvious differences in detectability resulting from phenotype or substrate were discerned, except possibly for permanent press and denim, which appeared to shorten the detectability time of PGM. Storage of the specimens at —20°C generally preserved the antigens and the enzymes better than storage at room temperature. The discrimination probability was calculated on the basis of the genetic markers still detectable at the end of each aging interval. No test error was assumed, and frequency of occurrence data for each genetic marker were taken from the literature.