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Cocaine dependence: the challenge for pharmacotherapy

This review summarizes research published within the past year that pertains to the pharmacotherapy of cocaine dependence. Included are clinical trials, cocaine challenges in the presence of pharmacological agents, and studies that shed light on research strategies by investigating brain reward mechanisms. Reversal of targeted cocaine-induced neuroadaptations, particularly those involving the dysregulation of dopamine, glutamate, and dynorphin systems, might represent the most promising strategy for this impervious condition.