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Role of obesity in female infertility and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes

Introduction: Obesity is a preventable catastrophic pandemic in developed countries, and its occurrence is increasing in Saudi Arabia. One of the consequences of obesity is infertility, which is prevalent in 9–15% of the population. Objective: To evaluate the impact of obesity on female infertility. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 196 infertile female patients of the reproductive age group seeking help in the reproductive unit of King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh. Data regarding age, duration of infertility, cause of infertility, body mass index (BMI), and their fertility outcomes were collected and evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 (IBM Corp., NY). Results: In this study, primary and secondary infertilities were not statistically associated with female BMI, although maximum number of patients was reported in the overweight and obese classification. Out of 65 patients in the overweight group, 28 (43.1%) patients with primary infertility and 37 (56.9%) with secondary infertility had BMI between 25 and 29.9; similarly, in the obese group, out of 94 patients, 46 (48.9%) patients with primary infertility and 48 (51.1%) with secondary infertility had BMI between 25 and 29.9. There was overall, statistically significant difference (P = 0.029) between response to assisted reproductive technology and female BMI. Out of the 65 overweight patients, 28 (43.1%) of them and, out of 94 obese patients, 25 (26.6%) of them were pregnant by in vitro fertilization; 29.2% of the overweight and 20.2% of the obese women had successful pregnancy. Conclusion: The likelihood of successful pregnancy among obese women is less compared to normal weight women.