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Geologic Constraints On Seismic Inversion

Velocity model estimation from seismic data using prestack depth migration is an underdetermined problem: there are many subtly different models which are not kinematically equivalent. As these models can give rise to dramatically different interpretations and decisions there is a clear need for a selection criterion in order to choose the best (i.e. geologically most plausible) one. Interpreter guided velocity estimation provides this criterion but is nonreproducible and nonquantifiable while automatic methods (which are reproducible and quantifiable) will find just one out of many kinematically equivalent models and mostly one which is geologically not attractive. Application of geologic constraints in conjunction with inversion by Differential Semblance Optimization produces models that are both geologically appealing, kinematically correct and have a very good fit to observed data.