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Aging and implicit learning: explorations in contextual cuing.

In contextual cuing, faster responses are made to repeated displays containing context-target associations than to novel displays without such covariances. We report that healthy older adults showed learning impairments in contextual cuing when compared with younger adults. The display properties in the task were altered to artificially increase younger adults' response times to match those of older adults and to produce faster responses in older participants; however, younger participants' learning remained intact, whereas older participants continued to show impairments under these conditions. These results suggest that older adults have intrinsic deficits in contextual cuing that cannot be attributed to their slower overall response speed.