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COPD in women: susceptibility or vulnerability?

The concepts of susceptibility and vulnerability are intertwined because vulnerability is sometimes a consequence of being susceptible. Women are more likely to be susceptible to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than men [1]. As many women continue to smoke during pregnancy, the impact of tobacco in women can begin before birth [2], because maternal smoking during pregnancy may increase the risk of childhood respiratory diseases [3] and reduce lung function [2]. Indeed, this susceptibility starts before women become smokers. For example, women with specific genotype variants are at a significantly increased risk of becoming heavy smokers [4], while those women with the haplotype TAS2R38 (proline-alanine-valine) have a genetic propensity to experience heightened bitter taste perception and an increased preference for menthol cigarettes [5]. Recent findings of the Global Youth Tobacco survey on adolescents aged 13–15 years showed that young girls smoke as much as young boys [6]. The early onset of smoking may have a greater deleterious impact on lung function among girls [7] because their lungs are smaller than those of males. Accordingly, the same exposure to a given number of cigarettes smoked can lead to more deleterious effects in women [8]. In this regard, once young females become smokers, addiction may be reinforced by both nicotine and the sensory and social contexts of smoking. Motivations associated with gender can provoke women to have different cues for smoking compared with males [9]; therefore, women are more vulnerable to the social context of smoking and can easily become involved in the nicotine addictive process, along with consequent disease risks. Women are both more susceptible and more vulnerable than men when it comes to COPD http://ow.ly/UhMQ3