{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03732691149909693, 'fraction_numerical': 0.016857314870559904, 'mean_word_length': 5.621513944223108, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Interleukin‐2 activates nuclear phospholipase‐Cβ by mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐dependent phosphorylation in human natural killer cells

It is not yet clear whether nuclear phospholipase C (PLC) signaling is implicated in the response of primary cells to cytokines or not and, in particular, whether lymphocytes utilize the nuclear phosphoinositides breakdown as a step in the signal transduction generated by cytokine receptor triggering. Therefore, we have studied the repertoire and functional regulation of nuclear PLC, the key enzyme of phosphoinositides turnover, by interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) in primary human natural killer (NK) cells and its effects on the IL‐2‐driven NK cell proliferation. We found that 1) IL‐2 stimulates nuclear PLC activity within 60 min of treatment; 2) NK cells express only the β family of PLCs in the nucleus, and the isoform of this enzyme regulated by IL‐2 is PLCβ1b; 3) IL‐2 induces nuclear translocation of extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK)‐2, or p42, and to a lesser extent, of ERK‐1, or p44, of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), whose specific inhibition prevents the IL‐2‐driven nuclear PLCβ1 activation; 4) PLCβ1b is serine‐phosphorylated after IL‐2, and the phosphorylation is abolished after MAPK inhibition; and 5) inhibition of nuclear PLC activation leads to the inhibition of the IL‐2‐induced proliferation of NK cells. Altogether, our data indicate that nuclear PLC signaling is a downstream target of the ERK/MAPK pathway stimulated by IL‐2 receptor triggering in human primary NK cells, and that the nuclear phosphoinositides turnover is a key step in proliferative response of NK cells to IL‐2.