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Spatial deixis in Yashar Kemal’s Iron Earth Copper Sky

The concept of space expresses a basic semantic category such as tense, mood, person in linguistics. Spatial entities, which have a relationship similar to the figure-ground relationship in Gestalt psychology, are located or trans-located in space. The figure can be positioned through the system based on spatial deixis at distances radiating away from near the speaker. At the center of the spatial deixis is the speaker “ego” in the ground state. Spatial deixis pointing to entities in the state of figures change according to the speaker's location and identity. Because of this change, the pragmatic context in which the speaking event takes place gains importance. The number of studies dealing with the spatial deixis in a fictional text with linguistic methods is few. What is the “deixis” at the intersection of linguistic and non-linguistic context? How is spatial deixis encoded as a grammatical category in Turkish? What are deictic codes and how often are they used? It is aimed in this study to answer these questions, to make a conceptual contribution to the literature, and to provide data for typological studies. For this, a sample of four hundred and eleven (n=411) items containing spatial deixis, selected from Yashar Kemal's novel Iron Earth Copper Sky, was examined and the results were described. Accordingly, deictic verbs that correspond to the motion from “source” to “goal” are determined in two hundred and thirty (n=230) items and deictic nominals that mean “near to/far from” the center are determined in one hundred and eighty one (n=181) items. Spatial nouns can be grouped with case suffixes, possessive suffixes, and post-positions. Spatial deictic information is not only from words, phrases, or sentences, more intensively and accurately extracted from lexias. For this reason, in linguistic studies on spatial deixis, attention should be paid to the pragmatic context of the speaking event and the text-linguistic references in utterances.