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New haplotype and inter‐strain reproductive compatibility of Wolbachia‐uninfected alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Japan

Hypera postica is a univoltine invasive pest of alfalfa, Medicago sativa, in North America. In Japan, H. postica was first found in 1982 from Fukuoka and Okinawa Prefectures and became a serious pest of Chinese milk vetch, Astragalus sinicus, cultivated as a honey source for humans and green manure for rice. In North America, three strains, Western, Eastern and Egyptian, have been identified and the Western strain is infected with Wolbachia, which causes complete inter‐strain reproductive incompatibility. In contrast, only Western and Egyptian strains had been reported throughout Japan and none of the Western strain examined for the Fukuoka populations in northern Kyushu was infected with Wolbachia. First, we screened populations from northern Kyushu collected since 1982 for geographical and chronological distribution of the Eastern strain. The Eastern strain has been found at low frequencies since 1985 and is still present in 2014. Second, we experimentally tested our hypothesis that inter‐strain crosses between uninfected Western‐strain males and Egyptian‐strain females should produce viable offspring. We crossbred virgin adults reared individually from field‐collected larvae and confirmed that the F1 eggs of crosses between the Western‐strain males and the Egyptian‐strain females develop successfully into larvae.