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The intraseasonal atmospheric angular momentum associated with MJO convective initiations

The first part of this study examines the driving mechanisms of the equatorial intraseasonal relative atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and its dynamical relationship to the upper‐tropospheric zonal wind over the Western Hemisphere (WH) during the convective initiation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) over the Indian Ocean. The budget analysis shows that the main driver of the equatorial intraseasonal AAM anomaly is the meridional transport of momentum induced by the modulation of the background subtropical eddies by the intraseasonal eddies. While the subtropical eddies over the central Pacific basin partly drive the equatorial AAM by meridionally transporting the momentum, the equatorial zonal wind associated with the same subtropical eddies is zonally advected and locally amplified over the east Pacific and Atlantic basins. The common source phenomena that transport momentum result in simultaneous evolution of the WH upper‐tropospheric zonal wind and the AAM on intraseasonal time‐scales, but their main driving mechanisms are different.