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Identification of cold tolerance and analysis of genetic diversity for major wheat varieties in Jianghuai region of China

Late spring coldness is one of the mainly disastrous weather affecting wheat development in the central Jianghuai region of China. In this study, 18 major wheat varieties were selected to investigate their adaptability under cold stress in year of both 2018 and 2019, and the genetic diversity by SSR makers. The results showed that cold tolerance and yieldrelated traits significantly differed among the 18 wheat varieties. The freeze injury of young spikes was greatly and negatively correlated with plant height, spikelet number, grain numbers and grain weight of main stem spike. The stronger cold-tolerant wheat varieties showed the higher SOD activity and proline content than control. A total of 594 polymorphic bands were amplified by 28 pairs of SSR primers in 18 wheat varieties. The polymorphism information content (PIC) for genetic loci varied from 0.179 to 0.983, as well as the genetic diversity index (Nei) ranged from 0.105 to 0.697. The 18 wheat cultivars were divided into four groups, Group I-1 comprised 8 wheat cultivars with abundant polymorphic loci, a high gene diversity index, strong cold tolerance, and high yield per plant. These cultivars can be emphatically utilized in the breeding of cold-resistant wheat. Seven varieties, including Yannong 5158, Huaimai 28, Huaimai 33, Jinan 17, Fanmai 5, Yannong 19, and Xumai 35, had good comprehensive yield-related traits and cold tolerance. They can be used as the major wheat varieties in central regions of Jianghuai in Anhui province.