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An unusual presentation of mycobacterium fortuitum: massive isolated empyema in a patient with HIV.

The nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMB) are ubiquitous environmental organisms that only rarely cause disease in humans.[1] An atypical NTMB, Mycobacterium fortuitum, previously called Mycobacterium chelonae, is a low-grade pathogen that is increasing in prevalence in patients with or without HIV infection. M fortuitum was first isolated from a turtle in 1905, and subsequently identified as the cause of a cutaneous infection in a patient in 1938. The bacterium is found worldwide in soil and tap water and is an infrequent human pathogen. Few cases of parapneumonic pleurisy connected with M fortuitum have been reported in the literature.[2] We report a case of M fortuitum-related massive empyema in a patient with HIV, which to the best of our knowledge is the first reported case of isolated pleural empyema of M fortuitum. 
 
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