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Endoplasmic Reticulum Abnormality in Alzheimer's Disease: Selective Alteration in Platelet NADH-Cytochrome C Reductase Activity

Previous evidence suggests that the increase in platelet membrane fluidity associated with a subgroup of patients with Alzheimer's disease results from the accumulation of internal membrane. The specific activities of enzyme markers for selective cell membrane compartments were compared in platelets from subgroups of demented patients with normal or increased fluidity as well as from normal control subjects. A statistically significant change in enzyme activity was observed only for antimycin A-insensitive NADH-cytochrome reductase, a selective marker for smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in platelets. This reduction was limited to the subgroup of demented patients who had increased platelet membrane fluidity, and therefore is not a nonspecific concomitant of neurodegeneration, medication exposure, or chronic illness in general. Since the platelet membrane alteration associated with Alzheimer's disease results from the inheritance of a single major locus, these results suggest that a defect in SER function may exist in brain cells as well as peripheral cells that express this genotype. (J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1989;2:3-10).