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Secondary medical complications after traumatic spinal cord injury in Stockholm, Sweden: Towards developing prevention strategies.

OBJECTIVES
(i) To determine the prevalence of secondary complications after traumatic spinal cord injury during acute care and rehabilitation; (ii) to investigate whether associations exist between level and completeness of injury and the development of common complications; and (iii) to assess whether associations exist between secondary complications and return-to-work 1 year after injury.


DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
A prospective, population-based study, including all newly-injured persons with traumatic spinal cord injury for an 18-month period.


METHODS
The International Spinal Cord Injury Core Data Set was used to capture injury characteristics, as well as associated injuries and neurological severity. All secondary medical complications (e.g. pressure injuries, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, urinary tract infection) were screened for during acute care and rehabilitation. Inferential statistics were carried out.


RESULTS
Out of the 45 persons undergoing acute care, the 3 most common complications were urinary tract infections (47%), pneumonia (22%) and neuropathic pain (18%). Of the 31 persons who received rehabilitation, the most common complications were urinary tract infections (42%), neuropathic pain (42%), and spasticity (35%). A significant association was found between injury level and development of neuropathic pain during rehabilitation.


CONCLUSION
Although a specialized system for spinal cord injury management is available in Sweden, secondary complications are still common. These findings could be used to inform the development of strategies for prevention of secondary complications.