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Movement during sleep: associations with posttraumatic stress disorder, nightmares, and comorbid panic disorder.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
To corroborate findings from the National Comorbidy study with objective sleep data.


DESIGN
Retrospective data review.


SETTING
Sleep Laboratory, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder


PARTICIPANTS
Male Vietnam combat veteran.


INTERVENTIONS
N/A.


MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
We reanalyzed laboratory sleep data obtained from subjects undergoing inpatient treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Comorbid panic disorder was not associated with a significant worsening of objective sleep in this sample. Posttraumatic stress disorder, comorbid panic disorder, and trauma-related nightmare complaint were all associated with significant and systematic reductions of sleep movement time. Analyses of potential "rescoring" artifacts provided further support for this effect.


CONCLUSIONS
A curvilinear function may describe the relationship between anxiety symptom severity and sleep-movement time in both posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder. Evidence for movement suppression in association with pathologic levels of human anxiety is consistent with the suppression of movement ("freezing") exhibited by animals under conditions of perceived threat.