{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02005231037489102, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.957575757575758, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Cholestric bubbles as localized vortices: theory and experiments

Particle-type solutions are generic behaviors in out-of-equilibrium systems. These localized states are characterized by a discrete set of parameters such as position, width, and height. Even these solutions can have topological charges, localized vortices, which enriches the solutions and strengthens their respective stability. These solutions are characterized by exhibiting vorticity surrounded by a homogeneous state without vorticity. Frustrated chiral liquid crystals are a natural habitat for localized vortices, cholesteric bubbles. Here we study the emergence of chiral bubbles in the winding/unwinding transition of a chiral liquid crystal cell with homeotropic anchoring. Experimentally, we show that this winding/unwinding transition is subcritical in nature when one modifies the temperature, which also generates the emergence of spherulites through the contraction of cholesteric labyrinthine patterns. Theoretically, based on an amplitude equation inferred by symmetry arguments, we reveal the emergence of chiral bubbles from a cholesteric labyrinthine patterns.