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A Novel Synthesis of Red Phosphorus Nanodots/Ti3C2Tx MXenes from Low-Cost Ti3SiC2 MAX Phases for Superior Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries.

MXenes, synthesized from MAX, have emerged as newly energy storage materials for good combination of metallic conductivity and rich surface chemistries. The reported MXenes are synthesized mostly from Al-based MAX. It is still a big challenge to synthesize MXenes from abundant Si-based MAX because of its strong Ti-Si bonds. Here, we report for the first time a high-energy ultrasonic cell crushing extraction method to successfully prepare Ti3C2Tx MXenes from Si-based MAX using a single low-concentration etchant. This novel strategy for preparing MXenes has high extraction efficiency and fast preparation process within 2 hours for selective etching of Si. Furthermore, through high-energy ball-milling technology, a unique P-O-Ti bonded red phosphorus nanodots/Ti3C2Tx (PTCT) composites were successfully prepared, which enable superior electrochemical performance in lithium and sodium ion batteries due to double-morphology structure, where the amorphous nano red phosphorus particles were strongly absorbed to Ti3C2Tx MXenes sheets facilitating the transport of alkali ions during cycling processes. This novel synthesis method of Ti3C2Tx MXenes from Si-based MAX and unique P-O-Ti bonded PTCT composites opens a new door for preparing high-performance MXenes-based materials and facilitate the development of low-cost MXenes and other 2D materials for next-generation energy storage.