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Effect of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma in Combination With a Biphasic Synthetic Graft Material on Bone Healing in Critical-Size Cranial Defects

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the osteogenic potential of a biphasic synthetic graft material composed of hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/&bgr;-TCP) in critical-size cranial defects in rabbits. Materials and Methods Three circular bicortical critical-size cranial defects were created in each of 18 rabbits. The first of the defects was grafted with autologous PRP and HA/&bgr;-TCP, the second was grafted with HA/&bgr;-TCP without PRP, and the third was left unfilled as a negative control. Animals were euthanized at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery. Harvested tissue specimens were evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. Several parameters associated with osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities were measured and calculated. The results were statistically analyzed using the 1-way analysis of variance statistical method. Results Histologic analysis of the samples showed bone tissue formation at all experimental sites including untreated control defects. A statistically significant difference in new bone formation between the defects treated with HA/&bgr;-TCP + PRP and defects treated with HA/&bgr;-TCP alone was not observed. Control untreated defects showed the greatest bone regeneration. Conclusions In this animal model, autologous PRP had no effect on bone healing in addition to a biphasic HA/&bgr;-TCP synthetic graft material after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of implantation.