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Molecular Genetic Analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus sibirica Du Tour Populations in Perm Krai Based on Polymorphism ISSR-PCR markers

DNA polymorphism has been studied, indicators of genetic diversity and genetic structure of 3 populations of Pinus sylvestris L. and 3 populations of Pinus sibirica Du Tour in the Perm Krai have been determined. In the populations of P. sibirica, 102 ISSR-PCR markers were found, of which 88 were polymorphic (P95 = 0.863), and in the populations of P. sylvestris — 113 ISSR-PCR markers, 100 of which were polymorphic (P95 = 0.885). The populations of the two studied species of woody plants are characterized by high genetic diversity. At the same time, in P. sibirica, the indices of genetic diversity were slightly higher (HE = 0.195; ne = 1.335; na = 1.330) than in P. sylvestris (HE = 0.166; ne = 1.268; na = 1.212). The analysis of the genetic structure showed that the coefficient of genetic subdivision (GST) in the two studied species of the genus Pinus are similar and amount to 0.320 in P. sibirica and 0.303 in P. sylvestris. The populations of Siberian pine and Scots pine are characterized by an average degree of genetic differentiation, since the interpopulation component accounts for 32.0% and 30.3% of the genetic diversity of these species, respectively. Using the Mantel test, a high correlation was found between genetic and geographical distances in P. sibirica populations (R2 = 0.6871), while P. sylvestris showed a low correlation (R2 = 0.0649). The data obtained are relevant for the preservation of the gene pools of the studied two species of the genus Pinus in the Perm Krai.