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From hyperspectral imaging to dedicated sensors

Hyper spectral imaging is a technique that obtains a two-dimensional image of a scene, while for each pixel a spectrum is recorded. Hyper spectral imaging systems can be very powerful at extracting information by using the spectral information in addition to the more conventional information extraction algorithms based on the spatial information within an image. However it is very unlikely that a hyper spectral imager will be used as a sensor for day to day operations. Hyper spectral imagers have the disadvantage of being rather complex and generating huge amounts of data. In this paper we discuss the approach that hyper spectral imagers are most powerful as research instruments and that they can be used to develop dedicated sensors for a particular application. Such a dedicated sensor could be optimized by selecting the most appropriate wavelength bands and making these bands as broad, or as narrow, as needed in order to detect, classify, or identify targets. The number of bands needed for such a dedicated sensor may depend on the accepted false alarm rate of such a system. In this paper we present some example spectra of materials and atmospheric transmission and discuss how a dedicated sensor can be designed for a specific application.