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Doppler Shift Distribution with a Semi-Spheroid Model for Mobile Radio Environments

This paper analyzes the Doppler shift (DS) distribution of the signal received by a mobile station in three-dimensional mobile radio environments. First, from the relationship of the DS and the signal's arriving angles, two equations are derived, bridging the probability density function (pdf) of the elevation angle and the pdf of the DS, as well as the variance of the DS. Then, these equations are applied to the semi- spheroid propagation model recently proposed by Janaswamy. The derived pdf of the DS is equivalent to the signal power-spectral density (PSD) when the average strengths of the waves distributed on different equal-Doppler-shift surfaces (EDSS) are assumed to be equal.