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Imaging of a dielectric inclusion using a contactless radio-frequency inductive probe for tissue diagnosis

In this paper, a contactless radio-frequency (RF) inductive probe is used to spatially localize and characterize a complex dielectric organic inclusion in a fluid. The effect of dielectric properties (DP) of this organic material is investigated experimentally and by numerical computations.The used RF probe is a 135 MHz 3 cm diameter and 10 cm long, cylindrical bracelet resonator, placed close to a water tank filled with deionized water which includes a 1.5 cm diameter inclusion filled of air or NaCl solutions and placed in arbitrary positions. The water tank and the inclusion are used to model an organic material including a tumor. The RF probe is used as a transmit and receive sensor. It induces a magnetic field inside the water tank, which, by reciprocity, conveys information about the DP of the investigated material. The impedance changes at the end of the RF probe are directly related to the modifications of the magnetic field, and are measured by means of a network analyzer. A complex fit of the impedance frequency response around the resonance frequency gives access to two quantities proportional to the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the inclusion. The inclusion is moved into the water tank along the three axes by means of a robotic arm, so that two three dimensional maps of the equivalent dielectric quantities in function of the inclusion position are sensed by the probe. Then, the inclusion is filled with different conductive NaCl solutions from 0.1 to 1.1 S/m in order to test the ability of the probe to sense the modifications of the dielectric properties of the inclusion. Experimental as well as computation results obtained using the Distributed Point Source Method (DPSM) validate the ability of the proposed probe to localize the inclusion as deep as 1 cm into the water, and the ability of the probe to sense the dielectric property changes of the inclusion.