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Fractal Neurodyamics and Quantum Chaos : Resolving the Mind-Brain Paradox Through Novel Biophysics

A model of the mind-brain relationship is developed in which novel biophysical principles in brain function generate a dynamic possessing attributes consistent with consciousness and free-will. The model invokes a fractal link between neurodynamical chaos and quantum uncertainty. Transactional wave collapse allows this link to be utilized predictively by the excitable cell, in a way which bypasses and complements formal computation. The formal unpredictability of the model allows mind to interact upon the brain, the predictivity of consciousness in survival strategies being selected as a trait by organismic evolution. 1 Mind and Brain, Chaos and Quantum Mechanics. 1.1 Paradigms in Scientific Discovery and The Enigma of Consciousness The twentieth century has seen the unification of the microscopic and cosmic realms of physics in theories such as inflation, in which symmetry-breaking of the fundamental forces is linked to cosmic expansion. Molecular biology has had equally epoch-making successes unravelling the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying living systems, from the genetic code through to developmental structures such as homeotic genes. Despite these conceptual advances, the principles by which the brain generates mind remain mysterious. The intractability of this central unresolved problem in science suggests its principles run deeper than the conventional biochemical description, requiring novel biophysical principles. This paper develops such a model based on linkage between the fractal aspect of chaotic neurodynamics and quantum non-locality, giving brain science a cosmological status at the foundations of physical description. 1.2 Chaos and Quantum Mechanics : Unpredictability as a Basis for Mind Although mechanists tolerate mind as a passive shadow representation of physical causality in such theories as epiphenomenalism and brain-mind identity, free-will conjures up the spectre of active causal interference. To quote Sir John Eccles :'It is a psychological fact that we believe we have the ability to control and modify our actions by the exercise of "will", and in practical life all sane men will assume they have this ability'. Nevertheless free will has a very unpopular history in science because of the paradox of mind acting on a supposedly deterministic physical system. The controversiality of consciousness and free-will in science stems from their supposed inconsistency with causal scientific description but is this so? Chaotic dynamical systems and quantum mechanics both share attributes which are more consistent with these two features than biochemical reductionism would suggest: 1.2.1 Chaotic dynamics possess both sensitivity to initial conditions and computational unpredictability, fig 1(a) (Schuster 1986, Stewart 1989) because exponential spreading of adjacent trajectories with increasing time occurs with a positive Liapunov exponent L > 1 fig 1(a). Similar considerations apply to complex systems in transition in and out of chaotic regimes, where L crosses 1 . Arbitrarily small fluctuations are thus inflated into global instabilities by the “butterfly effect”, in which a perturbation such as a butterfly can become the source of a subsequent tropical cyclone. A chaotic system is arbitrarily sensitive to perturbation and hence responsive. Sensitivity also prevents a chaotic system from being precisely modelled. It is thus unpredictable, though it may be deterministic. Such systems behave in a way which makes it impossible for an observer outside the system to describe it precisely enough to determine its outcome and hence test its causal nature. x = 10 ( y – x ) y = x ( 28 – z ) – y z = x y – 8z / 3