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Framing Analysis on Peaceful Movement News on Government and Private- Owned Online Portal in Indonesia

All forms of message production are inseparable from the interests of the owners of capital and political power around them. Information conveyed to audiences is a reality that has been selected and arranged according to the ideological considerations of media institutions through editorial decisions. Media have different visions and missions as well as interest and policy of the owner, because of that the angle of news coverage will be different. In this research, researcher analyze the pattern of news coverage media online due to peaceful movement committed by a group of Muslims on 4th November, 2016, the biggest movement throughout the year 2016 by engaging millions of people from several Islamic organizations in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative research method, with a case study approach. The purpose of this research is to analyze the pattern of framing coverage of government portal as well as the private-owned portal in reporting on the peaceful movement on 4th November, 2016, based on Robert Entman framing model. The research results showed that government portal put forward news updates and show facts to the public that to be addressed. Meanwhile, the portal of the private-owned more emphasis the news based on the interests of the owners of capital.


Introduction
Mass media contributes to the formation of perceptions and definitions of human beings on their social reality cite it! With regard to this issue, there is a 'reference frame' that connects media and society. Lippmann's classic article on Public Opinion states that the role of a newspaper is to give an idea of the outside world in the reader's mind, although not fully the presentation of the issue is in accordance with social reality. The essence of Lippmann's idea is that media coverage is a window to the world and influences the cognitive map of readers/individuals about the world (Protess, 1991).
Meanwhile, Tuchman in his book Making News emphasizes that news is not a mirror or reality of life, but news is a window of the world, because news is a product of social institutions. Media workers change occurrences into news events. Tuchman further emphasized that news is the result of compromise and negotiations on newsworthiness (Tuchman, 1978).
Since The Indonesian political system declared Law No. 40 of 1999, normatively, the Indonesian press has adopted a model of social responsibility (freedom of the press that is responsible to the public interest). In short, the media must play a positive role and have an obligation to society to provide present a quality information and at the same time be responsible for the consequences of the information published (Hutagalung, 2013).
The role of the media as described above will only be achieved if there is media freedom. The media is not a ruling organ, a particular political or economic power. When the media is not free, that is, there is interference from 'rulers', the media will potentially become a tool for the interests of certain political or economic groups. The symptoms of the conglomerate, privatization and concentration of media ownership in the hands of several owners that are currently rife can hinder the media from carrying out its social functions. Namely, that in addition to providing information, entertaining and seeking profit, the media is also a place for people to be able to exchange ideas about an issue, voice opinions and provide feedback freely. The media can also criticize an issue/ problem, conduct and make coverage without the need to 'be protected' by the ownership and interests of the capital owner (Pearson, 2013).
The fact that the media lack freedom due to the increasing concentration of media ownership also impacts on nation-building. In this context, audiences tend to have difficulty getting transparent national development news, because the facts or events reported have a tendency to be the result of 'engineering' construction of media institutions. It can be imagined, what will happen if the media is full of misleading and confusing news, does not convey real information to the public, ignores the public's right to obtain information, and presents entertainment that is not healthy for the public rather than delivering information containing education or other useful information. When this condition occurs, the media has the potential to become a tool for social disintegration and not unifying tool for the nation (Pearson, 2012).
At present there are 12 giant media groups in Indonesia that major information, ranging from print media, radio, television, to online networks. The giant groups include MNC Group owned by Hary Tanoe Soedibjo, Dahlan Iskan's Pos Group Services, Viva Group owned by the Bakrie family, Mahaka Media Group owned by Erick Tohir, Surya Paloh's Media Group, and Chairul Tanjung's Trans Corporation (Valerisha, 2016).
The existence of media ownership that has a tendency to be concentrated in the hands of a handful of people raises a public perception that the interests of media owners will threaten people's rights to obtain honest and neutral information. The media political economy approach states that media content tends to be determined by economic and political forces outside the routine management of the media. Media ownership has an important meaning to establish ideology, the content of the news and the effects of the media on society (Mosco, 2009).
Furthermore, Golding emphasized that when mass media which are cultural producers act more as profitseeking business machines, information will become a commodity to be traded. The mass media tends to be monopolized by the capitalist class in an effort to meet the interests of certain social classes. Capitalists work ideologically by spreading ideas and perspectives of the ruling class, and rejecting other conflicting ideas (Golding, 2000).
A big event known as the peaceful action November 4th, 2016 took place in Jakarta. News covering in relation of this event was varied. As an illustration, the coverage by Republika.co.id of this peaceful action November 4th, 2016 tends to incline toward the news that this peaceful action was done to clarified that the law enforcement was and is unfair and the public's freedom to express their concern through demonstration (Republika.co.id, November 4th, 2016). The news coverage of Republika.co.id was unable to be separated from the establishment of an online portal by Republika is political and ideological with Islamic nuance. On the other side, Metrotvnews.com covered the peaceful action November 4th, 2016 in different version. The coverage of the news by Metrotvnews.com tended to purify the name of Basuki Tjahaja as the Governor of DKI Jakarta, as well as the negative effects of the said peaceful action November 4th, (Metrotvnews.com, November 4th, 2016. The coverage by Metrotvnews.com of this news tends to defend the interest of the shareholder who supported Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Kompasiana.com, June 25th, 2016).
Moreover, the varied coverage of the news on peaceful action of November 4th, 2016 has caused biased opinions in the public. Based on this condition, the role of the Government as the managing agent of the State is required to emerge as a balancer in news coverage. The duty to act as the balancing agent in news coverage was done by LKBN Antara as the National News Agency, via Antaranews.com. In respect of the coverage of the news of the peaceful action of November 4th, 2016, Antaranews.com was totally impartial, it was neutral and informative.
Considering how varied the news coverage of the peaceful action of 4th November 2016 was, the researchers were interested in analyzing the pattern of news coverage between Government-owned and private sector online portals, based on Robert Entman's framing.

Robert Entman Framing Model
The concept of Robert Entman framing model is used to illustrate the selection process and to emphasize on certain aspects of the reality by the media. Framing may be-viewed as placement of information in the specific context so that certain issues may get a greater allocation compared to other issues. Framing give more emphasizes more on how communicative text is prioritized and which part of the text should be considered to be more to be emphasized. The term emphasize here is defined as making information more visible, meaningful, and more memorable by the audience (Entman, 1993).
Further, Entman in Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm divides framing in greater dimensions, namely selection and emphasis of issues. Basically, selection of issues is done by mass media using strategy of idea and ignores the other aspects. Emphasis is the process of making information more interesting, meaningful and memorable by the audience by using more outstanding placement (headline or primary page), repetition, and using the graphics to make the emphasis. There are four important elements to be understood in Entman framing concept. These are the problems, diagnose cause, make moral judgment, and treatment recommendation.

Define Problems
How is an event or issue viewed? As a what?

Or as a matter of what? Diagnose Cause
The event is seen due to what? What is considered to be the cause of a problem? Who is the actor is causing the problem?

Make Moral Judgement
The moral values presented to explain the problem?
What moral values are used to legitimize or delegitimize an action?

Treatment Recommendation
What solutions are offered to resolve the issue? What kind of solution must be taken to solve the problem?

Theory of Hierarchy
The media hierarchy theory was introduced by Shoemaker and Reese. This theory explains the influence on the content of media coverage by internal and external influences. Shoemaker and Reese divide into several levels of influence, namely the influence of individual media workers (individual levels), the influence of media routines (media routines level), the influence of media organizations (organizational level), outside media level, and the last is ideological influence (ideology level) (Reese and Shoemaker, 2016).
On individual levels, a report that is displayed is inseparable from the individual factors of a news seeker or journalist. As a spearhead, every journalist has different potentials based on sensitivity, experience and education.
At the level of media routines, it is learned about the effects on the news in terms of media routines. Media routines are the procedure of a media in producing some news. Regular media is formed by three interrelated elements, namely news sources (suppliers), media organizations (processors), and audiences (consumers). The routine of a media has an important influence on the production of symbolic content. They form an environment where media workers carry out their work.
Influence at the organizational level is stronger than the previous two levels. This is because the biggest policy is held by media owners through editors. When pressure comes at the individual level and the level of media routines, then they must be followed to organizational policy.
The fourth level in Media Hierarchy Theory is the level of influence from outside the media organization or commonly called extra media level. Extra media level itself is an influence on the content of media that comes from outside the media organization such as the influence of news sources, advertisers, government control, and markets as well as technological developments.

Media Political Economy Theory
In the perspective of political economy theory, media organizations are considered as economic systems that are closely related to the political system. The role of the media becomes a means of legitimizing the interests of the class that owns and controls the media through the production of news that has been biased because it is carried on by interests both politically and economically. In short, this approach was born primarily as a response to the recent development of the mass media industry in a capitalistic economic system, which resulted from a commercial character that created a series of conditions which threatened democracy, such as monopolization of information, commodification of content and media audiences, strengthening interests of investors, exclusion of alternative media and opposition, marginalization of public media, and threatened plurality of information (Mosco, 2009).
Engagement in the economic and political dimensions makes make the media not free from various interests. When all social phenomena -including economics and politics intertwine, form the fabric of the meaning of the text, then the economic and political side of the media is vaguely visible behind the content of the media. As with the contents of the media, the media as an economic institution is not present in empty space. The media often becomes a venue for fighting for certain economic and political interests. Critical theory sees that the media is not free from interests, especially the interests of the owners of capital, the state or other oppressive groups. In other words, the media become the dominant tool and community hegemony. The logical consequence is that the reality produced by the media is biased or distorted.
The media production process is an interplay, where the process of political economy in the media will form and be formed through the process of production, distribution and consumption of media. This also means that language can be seen as a political and economic tool, namely that what appears from the news does not necessarily represent the truth of reality. Critical theory ultimately questions the reality encountered, including the text of the media itself.
What is the media constellation amid the political economy situation? Mosco explains this relation by giving three main concepts, namely: commodification, spatialization and structuration.
Commodification relates to how the process of transforming goods and services and their value into a commodity that has an exchange rate in the market. In this case media products are in the form of information and entertainment. The exchange rate of this media product will be largely determined by the extent to which media products meet individual and social needs. The more popular the audience is, the more media products will be of high exchange value. Commodification forms in communication are basically three types, namely intrinsic commodification, extrinsic commodification, and commodification of sibernatics.
Spatialisation, related to the extent to which the media is able to present its products in front of audiences (readers, viewers) within the limits of space and time. Talking about spatialization is related to the form of media organization, whether in the form of a large-scale corporation or vice versa, whether it is networked or not, whether it is monopoly or oligopoly, conglomerate or not. The spatial approach is important in media analysis because of two things: first, the process of communication and technology becomes the main point of the spatial process in the political economy approach. Second, the first factor makes spatialization a significant thing in the political economy approach.
Structuring is a process of combining human agency with the process of social change into structural analysis. Structuration can be described as a process where social structures are enforced by social agents, and even each part of the structure is able to act to serve other parts. The end result of structuring is a series of social relations and power processes organized between classes, genders, races and social movements that are interconnected with each other.

Research Methodology
This research uses qualitative research method with purpose to analyze the pattern of news coverage of peaceful movement from the government and private online portal based on framing model of Robert Entman.
Methods of data collection in qualitative research can be done through observation, participation, interviews, and ethnography (Neuman, 2003). The qualitative method is a method that produces descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken by people with observed behavior. Arguments researcher chose a qualitative method is the consideration to be able to adjust to the reality on the ground in an effort to collect data as detailed as possible.
The unit of analysis in this study is Antaranews.com as government online portal and Republika.co.id as private online portal.

Analysis of News Coverage on Peace Action November 4th 2016 at Antaranews.com
From news Antaranews.com, researchers will display 7 News on different days starting from November 1st to November 7th, 2016, as below:

Analysis of News Coverage on Peace Action November 4th 2016 at Republika.co.id
From news Republika.co.id, researchers will display 7 News on different days starting from November 1st to November 7th, 2016, as below: The framing of 7 News items is as follows:

. Define Problem
There is a difference between Antaranews.com and Republika.co.id in assessing cases both pre and post event. That Antaranews.com defines the peaceful action November 4th, 2016 as a normal demonstration to express aspirations as any demonstrations may be, to the government. Antaranews.com also has neutral perspective without taking side to any parties, the demonstrators or Basuki Cahaya Purnama/Ahok. This case was viewed by Antaranews.com as a religious aspect growing to a political issue. The writing of news at Antaranews.com puts the emphasis on giving information and not to provide certain perspective.
On the other hand, Republika.co.id identified the issue peaceful action November 4th, 2016 as a religious issue. Republika.co.id judged that what happened as action November 4th, 2016 was a normal event considering that the case of Basuki Cahaya Purnama, as an alleged party of religious blasphemy was discontinued and even tended to be protected by certain persons in the government. The attitude shown by Republika.co.id was to support and respect the peaceful action November 4th, 2016.

Diagnose Cause
From the entire news covered by Antaranews.com in relation to the peaceful action November 4th, 2016, Antaranews.com thought that was a demonstration "Defending Islam" generated from the issue of the Defending Governor Elect of Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama to be legally processed for the alleged religious blasphemy. On the other hand, Republika.co.id provided a different perspective in relation to the same issue, in that the peaceful action of 4th November 2016 was the expression of the disappointment of Moslems against the fact that the government and the relevant authorities defended Basuki Cahaya Purnama.

Moral Judgement
In this study, the moral judgment provided by Antaranews.com is that the peaceful action of November 4th, 2016 was in the beginning a peaceful demonstration which ended in chaos. Meanwhile, Republika.co.id provides an assessment that the peaceful action of November 4th, 2016 is the most dignified and greatest post-reform action undertaken without violence, hate speech, discrimination and not damaging public facilities.

Recommendation Treatment
Finally, each the media agencies give their recommended. Antaranews.com suggested that the officials conditioned at some of the points of the locations of the peaceful action November 4th, 2016. This conditioning should have involved the military forces, the Marines, Air Force and Army. On the other hand, Replubika.co.id had to be done considering that what Basuki Cahaya Purnama did belongs to the category of religious blasphemy and the government plus the officials tended to defend and protect Basuki Cahaya Purnama. For that reason, the recommendation given was to continue the execution of the peaceful action November 4th, 2016.

Discussion
The analytical descriptions above show that each news portal preaches a different point of view to peaceful action November 4th, 2016. The different perspectives also provide the different views of the case, moral decisions and problem solutions.
Antaranews.com, being one of the divisions of the Indonesian News Agency, is a State owned company (BUMN), provided the peaceful action November 4th, 2016 news in an objective way, it provided ideas and knowledge. This was so done because Antara.co.id has no specific political or economic interest with the peaceful action November 4th, 2016. So the coverage of the news was focused of the data, enlightenment and solutions.
Republika.co.id, on the other hand, is a news portal generated from and by Moslem communities in Indonesia. This media covered the news of the peaceful action November 4th, 2016 as an action that was positive for Indonesian Moslem communities. The news written by Republika.co.id in relation to the peaceful action November 4th, 2016 has been written in the perspective of Moslems so it was beneficial to and prioritized Moslems. Generally, the view that was delivered indicated the peaceful action November 4th, 2016 was an honorable action by Moslems and was not injuring any other party.
The researchers assessing the viewing angle by both online portals is a form of implementation of the hierarchical theory of influence of media content that was introduced by Shoemaker et al. (1996). The theory explains that influence on the media content toward a news coverage, both internally and externally. Shoemaker and Reese divide some level of influence toward media content, that is the influence of individuals of mass media workers (individual level), the influence of the media (media routines level), the influence of the media organization (organizational level), the influence from outside the media (outside media level), and the influence of the media ideology (ideology level) (Shoemaker et al., 1996).
The influences based on the hierarchical theory also happened with Antaranews.com and Republika.co.id. Namely, the news coverage broadcasted by these two online portals was generally influenced by the share owners or intentions of shareholders.
The results of the study also reinforce what has been described by Mosco (2009) in the theory of media political economy that the media production process is an interplay, where the process of political economy in the media will form and be formed through the process of production, distribution and consumption of media.
The results of the study also strengthened the study of Kholisoh (2019);Sarmento et al. (2015), andOctorianty (2013), which showed that the media was not separated from the economic and political interests of media owners. In other words, the media become the dominant tool and community hegemony. The logical consequence is that the reality produced by the media is biased or distorted.
So in media institutions, information is nothing but a commodity that is just for sale. As a result, all forms of message production are inseparable from the interests of the owners of capital and the surrounding political power. Information conveyed to audiences is a reality that has been selected and arranged according to ideological considerations of media institutions through editorial (second-hand reality) decisions.
This fact contains three meanings, namely: (1) there are factors of subjectivity in the process of information / news products. Therefore, facts or events are the result of 'engineering' construction of media institutions.
(2) 'The right of the people to know, uphold the values of democracy, human rights, the supremacy of the law of society' in its true meaning, becomes neglected. (3) In the media industry, not necessarily information / news / shows that are properly loaded are things that are needed by the community, whereas information / news / shows are things that want to be "sold" by the media, both commercially and ideologically.
It can be imagined, what happens if the media is full of news or shows that are misleading, does not convey real information to the public, ignores the public's right to obtain information, and presents unhealthy entertainment for the community rather than conveying information containing education or other useful information. What would happen if the media tended to ignore the voices of minority groups (ethnicity, religion, people with HIV, disabled, and others)?
In relation to social responsibility (in media normative theory), the government if needed can intervene (provided that it is in the public interest) by making regulations to reduce media content that is violent, pornographic, or to become a guide and media sign in carrying out its social functions to the community .
The word regulation or 'regulated' does have a bad connotation, as if all rules or regulations are always bad. As if regulation (regulation) is always synonymous with efforts to limit press freedom. Regulation can be done. But of course regulations also have limits. What kind of regulation standards can be done and what regulations cannot be done.
There are a number of arguments why regulation of the media still needs to be done. First, it is to protect the public interest. The freedom of the press also gave birth to media that were used unhealthily to attack groups, other religions and pornography. To protect the public interest, regulation still needs to be done.
Second, it is to protect press freedom itself. Sometimes, the existence of restrictions and regulations is actually important to protect the independence of the press itself. For example, regulations regarding media ownership actually guarantee press freedom. The existence of regulations such as restrictions on cross-ownership of the media, will guarantee press freedom.
Third, it is to protect the interests of journalists. Regulation does not always mean bad. Sometimes regulations can actually protect the interests of the media and journalists. With clear rules, journalists get more guarantees and legal protection.
Freedom of the press and actual regulations need not be contested. The problem is not whether or not regulation can be done. The real point of the problem is whether the restrictions made disturb the press freedom.

Conclusion
Each mass media has its own distinction in framing a piece of news. The frame depends on the interest of the mass media to show a mass media construction of a reality. The same event may be viewed from a different perspective by each press media as it is related to producing news process already constructed by reality. The news is later formed in the frame through the emphasis selected toward an issue.
Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that Antaranews.com and Republika.co.id have a distinction in framing the news of peaceful action November 4 th , 2016, as follows:

Define Problem Antaranews.com
Antaranews.com defines the action of November 4 th 2016 as a reasonable demonstration like a demonstration in general, namely to convey their aspirations to the government. The Antaranews.com party also has a neutral perspective without any partiality to the demo participants or Ahok. Because, Antaranews.com delivered news of pre-events activities, at the time of the incident and after the event were very balanced. In fact, in each of the reports, a news title combines information from 2 different sources, from the demonstrators and from Ahok. If not, the news will be sourced directly from the reporters, Antaranews.com.
The researchers found the news Antaranews.com which shows that this online news portal is not on the side of any party or is neutral. This case was seen by Antaranews.com as a religious problem which resulted in political problems. Writing news on Antaranews.com is more about providing information rather than giving any viewpoint.
During the peaceful action November 4 th , 2016, Antaranews.com also transmitted news and information which are important to be informed by the public. Due to no economic and political interest, Antaranews.com did a factual and neutral reporting. Antaranews.com did not put anyone in the corner, it simply facts that could be as the foundation by some parties to be handled. Antaranews.com prioritized to update the news, in the form of data and suggestion to the public.

Antaranews.com
Republika.co.id Must conduct conditioning at several location points of action on November 4 th 2016 involving the Indonesian National Army The action of November 4 th 2016 still has to be done Finally, the researcher concluded that Antaranews.com which is one of the divisions of LKBN Antara as a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN), coverage the news of November 4th action objectively, providing insight and knowledge. This is because Antaranews.com has no special political or economic interests regarding the November 4 th , 2016 peaceful action. The news that is shown is more directed towards data, enlightenment, and solutions.
In the other side, Republika.co.id is a news portal that was born by the Muslim community to the public in Indonesia. The presence of this media reported the November 4 th action as an action that had a positive impact on the Indonesian Muslim community. Reports written by Republika.co.id related to the November 4 th action were written in the Muslim perspective so that they were more profitable and favored the Muslim community. The viewpoint presented in general shows that the peaceful action of November 4 th , 2016 was an act of Muslims who were dignified and did not harm any party