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Fundamental diagram estimation using Virtual Detection Zone in smart phones' application and CCTV data

Conventionally, Fundamental Diagrams, which consist of vehicle traffic flow and density pairs, are obtained from intrusive sensor such as inductive loop detectors. However these sensors are uncommon in developing countries as they are embedded in the roads, and consequently expensive to deploy and impractical to implement on busy roads. Our novel method, VDZ with CCTV snap shots can provide the data needed to construct Fundamental Diagrams and able to show zero speeds at jam density, which provide essential parameters for macroscopic traffic model. The results obtained, without the use of any intrusive sensor, have shown agreement with previous traditional method.