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Ethical frameworks for obstetrics and gynaecology

Most aspects of the doctor‐patient relationship have an ethical dimension and the potential to pose ethical dilemmas. The depth and breadth of ethical issues in obstetrics and gynaecology cannot possibly be covered in a short article. However, this article offers a guide to help discussion. Three main philosophical frameworks used by professional ethicists to examine ethical dilemmas are described, together with some of their methodology. We end with some practical suggestions of how to avoid ethical conflicts and of how to approach ethical dilemmas when they arise.