{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.07001466275659823, 'fraction_numerical': 0.041788856304985335, 'mean_word_length': 4.513131313131313, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Comparison of the rhythmic emergence of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae from Biomphalaria glabrata in different lighting regimens.

resonance spectra (Previato et al., 1979, loc. cit.). The pmr spectrum contains and 1H signal at 6 5.51, consistent with a (1 -2)-linked f-D-mannopyranan (Fig. 1A). The size of minor signals in the '3C-spectrum at 101.03 (C-1 of nonreducing end-unit), 99.32 (C-1 of r-reducing end), and 93.87 (C-1 of a-reducing end) (MendoncaPreviato et al., 1979, loc. cit.), relative to the main C-1 signal at 6 102.95 (Fig. 1B), indicated a mannan chain-length of 27 ? 7 units [molecular weight (Mr) 5,000 + 1,200] (Fig. IB). Also it was excluded from a Bio-Gel P-4 column and included in a Bio-Gel P10 column, indicating a Mr of 4,000 to 10,000. Originally, only clinical appearance was used as a basis of classification of species of Leishmania. In 1972 Lainson and Shaw (loc. cit.) proposed additional parameters such as rate of growth in culture or in experimental animals, geographical distribution, and epidemiological patterns. Recently, Chance (1979, Brit. Soc. Parasit. Symposia 17: 55-74) summarized methods for identification of Leishmania spp. based on morphology, DNA sequencing, buoyant density studies on DNA, DNA-RNA hybridization, and macromolecule characterization based on enzyme electrophoretic data. To explain the phylogenetic history of all genera of the suborder Trypanosomatina, Wallace (1966, loc. cit.) suggested that Leishmania, without an undulating membrane and with the reservoir external opening at the anterior tip, may have given rise to Leptomonas, Herpetomonas and Crithidia, whereas Trypanosoma, with an undulating membrane and a lateral reservoir, may be the ancestor of Blastocrithidia and Rhynchoidomonas. There is now increasing evidence that cell polysaccharides may be used in studies on phylogeny of protozoa because a (1 2)-linked 3-D-mannopyranan has been found in cells of C. deanei (Previato et al., 1979, loc. cit.), C. fasciculata (Gorin et al., 1979, loc. lit.), C. harmosa and C. luciliae (Previato et al., 1982, loc. cit.), and H. samuelpessoai (Mendonga-Previato et al., 1979, loc. cit.) but not in those from T. cruzi (Gorin et al., 1981, loc. cit.). The presence of the f3-(1 -2)-linked f3-D-mannopyranan in L. mexicana amazonensis, characterized in this work, gives further support to the phylogenetic diagram proposed by Wallace (1966, loc. cit.). This investigation received financial support from the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnolo6gico (CNPq); Conselho de Ensino e Pesquisa da UFRJ (CEPG); and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP).