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Family Strategies and the Built Environment of Leeds in the 1830s and 1840s

THE GREAT TOWNS AND CITIES of the North of England have always played a central part in discussions of the nature of the industrial city. Engels, writing in 1845, drew many examples from the North of England to support his claim that, 'Generally, however, the workers are segregated in separate districts where they struggle through life as best they can out of sight of the more fortunate classes of society'. The districts they lived in were a 'generally unplanned wilderness'.2 He followed the work of James Kay, Peter Gaskell, and George Head.3 These accounts had a major impact on twentieth-century understandings of the processes which created the built environment of the industrial cities. Lewis Mumford was unforgiving. in his account of Coketown, 'the most degraded urban environment the world has ever seen ... bleak ugly environments, hostile to human life'. It was an environment driven _by the mindless 'palaeotechnic' logic. In the words of his one time mentor Patrick Geddes it was 'chaos'.4 Dickens, whose fictional Coketown was so influential, was a little more perceptive. The same sense of mindless destruction was there but his account contained a hint that human agency was hidden somewhere.