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Contemporary Science: Sources, Institutionalization, Crisis

In the present article the author views science as a certain collective notion that signifies various types of cognitive activity and their unity can be viewed only in the framework of social institution. The author examines the main stages of the European science institutionalization. The institutionalization itself is connected with the introduction of the researcher’s cognitive activity into the practice of the common cause and the public ideal realization under patronage of the state. The causes of the science current crisis as social institution are connected with the traditional statehood crisis and with the transformation of the private interest into the main driver of contemporary scientific and technical progress. The article also deals with a number of important issues of European intellectual history, psychology of scientists and contemporary epistemological discussions.