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An investigation into proximate determinants responsible for fertility differentials between two rural Bangladeshi populations

Summary The levels of fertility of two rural areas, Matlab and Teknaf, of different environmental and cultural settings of Balgladesh are markedly different. The proximate fertility determinants that may explain this difference are identified and their possible effect is examined. Most of the variation of natural fertility is explained by the difference in breast-feeding practices of the two populations, median duration 30 months for Matlab and 22 months for Teknaf. This difference suggests that prolonged breast-feeding is as important a factor contributing to the relatively low fertility in Matlab as contraception. While the increase of contraceptive use in Matlab has greatly affected fertility, the concomitant contribution of prolonged lactational amenorrhoea is also important.