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Throughput Maximization for Peer-Assisted Wireless Powered IoT NOMA Networks

This paper proposes a peer-assisted power supply approach for a wireless powered Internet of Things (IoT) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network in which passive user equipments (UEs) without battery harvest energy from active UEs equipped with power supply. Specifically, passive UEs harvest energy from active UEs during their uplink transmission using NOMA. They then upload information along with the active UEs. Particularly, considering the combination of time division multiple access (TDMA) and NOMA, under the assumption that the power of active UEs is fixed, we study different transmission modes (non-stand-alone/stand-alone) and different operations (NOMA/NOMA-plus-TDMA). Taking into account the practical applications, we re-investigate the above schemes in the scenario where active UEs’ energy is limited, i.e., the power of active UEs is not fixed and is affected by time allocation. We maximize the sum-throughput of each proposed model. We prove that the optimization problems for all cases are convex, and we obtain closed-form solutions for most cases. Finally, we show by simulations that, in all cases, the transmit power of active UEs and the number of UEs have a positive effect on the sum-throughput. Besides, in terms of maximizing the sum-throughput, the NOMA-plus-TDMA operation outperforms the NOMA operation. If active UEs’ power is fixed, the non-stand-alone transmission outperforms the stand-alone transmission, and vice versa.