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Government and Governance: Key Models of Administration and Control

With a description of the terms 'government' and 'governance' in a semantic manner and 'efficacy' and 'form of government' as two limits of variation, the author discusses normative, structural, and hebavioural aspects as the analytical bases to elaborate two theoretical approaches-viz., mechanistic and organismic-to explain formation, functioning, performance and continuance or sustenance of any type of government in the world, historically as well as in today's context. After defining sacred and secular political norms, and centralised and decentralised forms of authority, he presents four models of government evolved on the basis of the genesis and development of governmental theories. These include: (i) the sacred and centralised governments, (ii) secular and centralised governments, (iii) sacred and decentralised governments, and (iv) secular and decentralised governments. In addition, he discusses the nature of democratic governments and that of governments in the developing CC'untries in terms of their origin, dependent and indepen4ent variables with regard to policy decision-making and good governance. Finally, he presents a theoretical model to analyse performance of current governments for the benefit of researchers.