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Wideband Beamforming Network Design Using Gradient Optimization Technique

This article presents an advanced technique in designing beam-forming network (BFN) for conformal antenna arrays using gradient optimization. In this application, high isolations between ports and equal electrical paths to common power receiver are desired for BFN performances. Rather than employing complex/expensive digital beam steering/forming designs, this application focus on low-cost analog power combining. The optimized multistage Wilkinson BFN with gradient based algorithm offers fast computation, scaling capability, and wideband performance for microstrip BFN structures which are easy to fabricate. In this paper, the performance of an ideal Wilkinson BFN at S-band and a gradient-optimization based BFN at C/X-band will be shown to illustrate the methodology.