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Exploring the Meaning of Hybridity and Social Enterprise in Housing Organisations

While social housing has long been delivered through mixed economy mechanisms, there has been little focus in housing studies on what this means for housing organisations. This paper reviews recent international work applying concepts of social enterprise and hybridity to illuminate organisational behaviour. It addresses critiques of the explanatory value of these concepts by exploring their underlying meanings and their application to diverse case studies worldwide. The concepts are found to be most useful where they inform dynamic analysis of hybridisation and identify underlying change mechanisms, rather than simply providing static descriptions of hybridity. Analysis can be enriched by drawing on institutional theory to develop concepts such as competing organisational logics, trade-offs between social and commercial goals and resource transfers. The paper looks at policy as a driver for hybridisation and to the regulatory challenges for policy systems that have come to rely on hybrid forms of delivery. A research agenda is proposed building on these conceptual frameworks to develop systematic approaches to data collection and analysis to enable clearer and more consistent meanings to emerge.