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Using plumage and behavioural development to age New Zealand fantail nestlings

Accurate estimations of nestling ages are often required for studies of life history traits and breeding strategies of avian species. Yet detailed information on species-specific developmental patterns of chicks is scarce. In this study, we present comprehensive data on plumage and behavioural development of New Zealand fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa placabilis) chicks during the nesting period. We also provide an illustrated guide to ageing New Zealand fantail nestlings using visual traits, based on the daily development characteristics of 15 broods. This study contributes towards understanding the life history of this species as well as forming a foundation for future comparative studies on avian life history.