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Response of rats fed diets low in glucose and glucose precursors to low levels of glucose, starch and chemically modified starch.

Several levels of glucose or starches were added to a basal diet that was free of available carbohydrate and low in carbohydrate precursors and fed to male, weanling rats. Rats fed such diets were highly responsive to dietary carbohydrate in growth rate, blood glucose levels and blood ketone bodies. There were no significant differences in the activities of pancreatic amylase, liver glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase when dietary carbohydrate varied from 1.5 to 6% of the diet. Under these feeding conditions, a minimum of 6% by weight or 5.8% of the dietary calories has to be provided by carbohydrate to allow the rat an optimum rate of growth. Such diets that are low in glucose precursors were employed as an assay system for glucose availability from chemically cross-bonded starches with various degrees of phosphate crosslinkage. The data showed that introducing low levels of phosphate crosslinkages into the starch had little effect on the glucose availability from the starch.