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Study of the prevalence of anomalies of eruption of different groups of teeth in patients who have sought orthodontic care

BACKGROUND: Tooth impaction leads to many aesthetic and functional disorders and to the general deterioration in the quality of human life. Domestic and foreign scientists point at the increase in the number of medical consultations on this problem. Although the incidence of orthodontic care among patients with tooth impaction is extremely high, there is no consensus on the prevalence of impacted teeth. 
 
AIM: To analyze the prevalence of dentition abnormality in various groups of patients who sought orthodontic care. 
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the clinical setting of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics and the Department of Dentistry of IPE of Samara State Medical University in 2017-2020. A retrospective analysis of 423 medical records of orthodontic patients aged 18-32 years and a clinical examination of 134 dental patients aged 18-36 years were performed. A total of 557 patients were examined, including 236 women and 321 men. 
RESULTS: A retrospective analysis of 423 case histories revealed impaction of 104 teeth of 72 patients (17.02%). A clinical examination of 134 orthodontic patients aged 18-36 years was conducted, 15 patients (11.19%) showed impaction of 23 teeth. 
CONCLUSIONS: In the retrospective analysis of the upper jaw, molars were the predominant impacted teeth of 20 patients (62.5%), and canines were the second most frequently impacted teeth of 7 patients (21.88%). In the lower jaw, molars were also the most frequently impacted teeth in 59 patients (81.94%), and premolars occupied the second place among the most frequently impacted teeth in 8 patients (11.12%). Clinical examination of 134 orthodontic patients aged 18-36 years showed that 15 patients (11.19%) had impaction of 23 teeth. The majority of the impacted teeth were molars of the upper jaw (56,52%), and of the lower jaw (85,71). The second most frequently impacted teeth were maxillary canine teeth (26,09%) and mandibular canine teeth (14,29%).