{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02081165452653486, 'fraction_numerical': 0.027055150884495317, 'mean_word_length': 4.862804878048781, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
[Demographic aging and family planning: what relationship].


 The drop of fertility in Portugal was extremely fast: between 1970 and 1989 the total fertility rate declined from 2.8 children to 1.5 children per woman. The causes were industrialization and urbanization and the change of mentality. In the north and in the islands the process started later, but in the south it began much earlier. The average age of mothers at birth of the first child increased from 24.8 years in 1970 to 25.2 years in 1989. Also a progressive increase occurred in the proportion of elderly people: up to 1960 the proportion of those 65 and older stayed stable at around 5-6%, but their proportion increased to 14% by 1991 in the course of 30 years. The first wave of demographic aging resulted from explosive migration from rural areas, which augmented the asymmetry between the coast and the interior. The interior of the north and the south had the highest rates where the elderly made up 17% and 20% of the population, respectively, compared to the national rate of 13.61%. Halting this inexorable decline requires the resolution of the contradiction between the dynamism of the modern society and the precariousness of material and cultural resources. Those societies where low fertility and aging coexist ensure fertility at 2.1 children per woman, which results in regular replacement of the population and a stable population size. This goal could also be achieved in Portugal by eliminating material, social, economic, and cultural restrictions that inhibit the reproduction of the masses and middle class people, as demonstrated by the examples of France and Sweden. Active redistribution of population over the whole territory of the country and improved conditions in the interior are needed for such an occurrence, whereas the intensification of massive urbanization would inevitably lead to demographic and social disaster.
