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New differential Fabry-Perot radiometer for remote sensing measurements of column CO2, O2, H2O and other atmospheric trace gases

A new type of remote sensing instrument based upon the Fabry-Perot interferometric technique has been developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Fabry-Perot interferometry (FPI) is a well known, powerful spectroscopic technique and one of its many applications is to be used to measure greenhouse gases and also some harmful species in the atmosphere. With this technique, absorption of particular species is measured and related to its concentration. A solid Fabry-Perot etalon is used as a frequency filter to restrict the measurement to particular absorption bands of the gas of interest. With adjusting the thickness of the etalon that separation (in frequency) of the transmitted fringes can be made equal to the almost constant separation of the gas absorption lines. By adjusting the temperature of the etalon, which changes the index of refraction of its material, the transmission fringes can be brought into nearly exact correspondence with absorption lines of the particular species. With this alignment between absorption lines and fringes, changes in the amount of a species in the atmosphere strongly affect the amount of light transmitted by the etalon and can be related to gas concentration. The instrument that we have developed detects the absorption of various atmospheric trace gases in direct or reflected sunlight. It can be used as ground based, airborne and satellite sensor for gases such as carbon dioxide (1570 nm), oxygen (762 nm and 768 nm lines sensitive to changes in oxygen pressure and oxygen temperature) and water vapor (940 nm). Our current goal is to develop an ultra precise, inexpensive, ground based device suitable for wide deployment as a validation instrument for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) satellite. We show measurements for CO2 and, O2, , compare our measurements to those obtained using other types of sensors and discuss some of the peculiarities that must be addressed in order to provide the very high quality column detection required for solving problems about global distribution of greenhouse gases and climatological models. The recent long term experimental data on CO2 and O2 detection in atmosphere using Fabry-Perot technique are presented and discussed.