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Psychometric Testing of the Vietnamese Version ofthe Faces Pain Scale in Orthopedic Surgery Patients

Title of Thesis: Psychometric Testing of the Vietnamese Version of the Faces Pain
Scale in Orthopedic Surgery Patients
Institution: Graduate Institute of Nursing, Taipei Medical University
Author: Nguyen Van Giang
Thesis Advisor: Pei-Shan Tsai, PhD., Professor
Background: Pain in orthopedic patients is very common. Assessment of pain intensity in postoperative patients is an important nursing task. The Faces Pain Scale (FPS) has never been validated in Vietnamese patients.
Purpose: To assess the validity of the 11-face FPS, and to determine the ability of the FPS in detecting the change in pain over time in orthopedic surgery patients.
Methods: This was an instrument validation study in a convenience sample of adults presenting with acute pain in the orthopedic department, Thai Nguyen National General
Hospital, Vietnam. Patients verbally rated pain intensity using a numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain, 10 = worst possible pain) and marked on the 11-face
FPS (face 0 = no pain, face 10 = worst possible pain) on the first day after surgery. The FPS was administered before taking pain medications (Time 1), and then every 30
minutes after taking pain medications (Time 2, Time 3, Time 4, and Time 5) on the second day following surgery.
The correlation between FPS and NRS scores was assessed by the Spearman’s correlation. The effect size (ES) Cohen’s d and standardized response mean (SRM) III from Time 1 to Time 5 was calculated to assess the responsiveness of the FPS. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the change in FPS over time.
Results: In total, 144 patients with mean of age 37.26 ± 13.49 were included. The FPS score strongly correlated to the NRS score (rho=.78, p<.001). The ES Cohen’s d between
(.70-1.3) and SRM between (1.17-1.87) indicate excellent responsiveness of the FPS. The mean change every 30 minutes across 5 time points examined by repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant within-subject effects (p<.001). The magnitude of change in the FPS score over time was not significantly different between male and female patients.
Conclusions: The FPS strongly correlated to the gold standard for measuring pain, the NRS. Our results also showed that the 11-face FPS was sensitive in detecting change in pain intensity in response to pain medications in orthopedic surgery patients over time.