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Endogenous metabolism of fungus spores: stimulation by physical and chemical means.

Endogenous respiration of spores of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria can be stimulated up to over-10 fold by diverse chemicals or by physical treatments. Greatest effects were caused by azide (12-fold at 250 mum) and by 2,4-dinitrophenol (7-fold at 300 mum). Marked stimulation was also caused by 10 mum silver (5-fold), 30 mum pentachlorophenol (6-fold), 10 mum carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (4.5-fold) and 10 mum merthiolate (4-fold). Physical treatments such as heat (50 C), freezing, and sonication at sublethal levels were also stimulatory. Stimulation by azide or dinitrophenol was much greater in young than in old spores, whereas response to other chemicals and to freezing was relatively unaffected by spore age. In older spores the effect of azide was no greater than some other inhibitors. During incubation with azide, the endogenous trehalose reserves decreased and changes in free amino acids occurred, both increases and decreases. Thus anabolic as well as catabolic changes occur as evidenced also by the germination of a few (up to 5%) spores. The mechanisms of stimulation must be varied and complex. Permeability changes in the membrane confining endogenous reserves are proposed as a common initial cause. Additional changes in characteristics of membranes of other subcellular particles, as well as enzymic phenomena such as uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, are presumably involved in instances where greater stimulation occurs. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that dormancy in these spores results from separation of substrates from metabolic enzymes and more specifically that metabolites are sequestered rather than enzymes.