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Tea and prostate cancer.

Tea (Camellia sinensis) brews have been demonstrated to inhibit certain tumor formations in animal models. Inhibition of the promotion and progression stages of skin and lung tumors by tea preparations is well documented and its possible use for prostate cancer chemoprevention has been considered. It is noted that tea constituents exert their protective effects through the promotion and progression stages of carcinogenesis which may be attributed to the inhibition of cellular proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The most widely recognized biologic properties of tea polyphenols are the antioxidant properties known to bind to proteins and inhibit the activities of transcription factors and synthesis of nitric oxide. Transgenic animal models are used to demonstrate the effect of tea on prostate cancer prevention in conjunction with information on cell lines. Several ecological case control and cohort studies have been conducted to investigate effects of tea consumption on human cancer incidence. However no clear-cut conclusions have been drawn demonstrating a gap on the knowledge on prostate cancer prevention. Hence knowledge on the bioavailability and tissue levels of tea constituents is essential in understanding the mechanism of action in vivo. A comprehensive approach is also needed in the integration of in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies.