{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02197802197802198, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.040816326530612, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Generating good evidence in orthopedics

Today, there is increasing demand for quality medical care to be made available for a large population at a reasonable cost. In a society with limited health-care infrastructure and budget, it has become imperative to evolve scientifically proven clinical care pathways. No country is willing to accept infructuous expenditure on treatment modalities with ambiguous patient outcomes. Hence, evidence-based medicine has been introduced into most health-care systems. When it comes to orthopedics, a serious concern is that, the existing literature has extremely poor quality of evidence. There are very few best practice guidelines, which are supported by high quality clinical studies. In this review article, we have made an attempt to bring out the recurring lacunae in orthopedic research papers. Following which we have also given tips on how to plan, design, and conduct a high quality clinical trial. We have made an attempt to explain commonly required knowledge of statistical tools. In the end we have briefly described, how to prepare a protocol, execute the study, analyze the results, and write the final article to get published.