{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.031065881092662024, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0192822710230316, 'mean_word_length': 5.743682310469314, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP alleviates oxygen‐glucose deprivation‐induced neuronal injury via modulating miR‐143/hexokinase 2 pathway

HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP), which is a long noncoding RNA, plays an important role in multiple cancers and in coronary artery disease. Elevated microRNA‐143 (miR‐143) expression causes impaired glucose uptake that is responsible for the ischemic cerebral injury. However, the role and mechanism of HOTTIP in ischemic stroke are still unknown. The expression of HOTTIP and miR‐143 was first detected in mouse models of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and in primary neurons exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD). We used gain‐of function and loss‐of function approaches in vitro to investigate the effect and mechanism of HOTTIP on ischemic stroke by evaluating cell viability, apoptosis, and glycolytic metabolism of neurons exposed to OGD. The HOTTIP expression was decreased, whereas miR‐143 increased in experimental ischemic stroke models. Overexpression of HOTTIP by the pcDNA3.1‐HOTTIP plasmid significantly increased cell viability, glucose uptake, and the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK‐2) and pyruvate kinase M2 that were reduced by OGD insult. The HOTTIP overexpression also diminished OGD induced the apoptosis and the caspase‐3 activity of neurons. The miR‐143 mimic reversed these effects, and anti‐miR‐143 enhanced them. In addition, we found that HOTTIP could function as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐143 to modulate HK‐2 expression. In conclusion, the HOTTIP expression was reduced in ischemic stroke. The HOTTIP overexpression attenuated OGD‐induced neuronal injury and imbalanced glycolytic metabolism by sponging miR‐143, resulting in the de‐repression of its endogenous target HK‐2. Taken together, these findings improve understanding of the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.