{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.00927357032457496, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0015455950540958269, 'mean_word_length': 5.545454545454546, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The influence of different tunnel cross sections on surface settlement

The analyze of tunnel induced surface settlements is of high importance in tunneling construction especially in urban areas. Excessive settlements can trigger potential damage to surrounding structures. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of different tunnel cross section on ground surface settlement, an aspect which hasn’t been studied before. Empirical equations which assume the settlement profile close to an inverse Gaussian distribution curve and 3D FEM will be developed in order to asses transverse settlement profiles induced by tunneling construction.