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The role of tumor stem cells in the development of drug resistance of melanoma

Despite the fact that melanoma is a tumor of visual localization, mortality from skin melanoma remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Early metastasis of melanoma, even during the initial stages of the tumor process, indicates a high malignant potential of the tumor. Moreover, metastatic melanoma is resistant to current chemotherapy regimens, which is a significant problem today. Progression, resistance to drug therapy of skin melanoma is associated with a population of tumor stem cells, which are characterized by dysregulation of signaling pathways and aberrant phenotypes. The formation of tumor stem cells contributes to their microenvironment. Surface markers expressed by tumor stem cells include transporter proteins that mediate chemoresistance. The study of the microenvironment, the activity of the expressed antigenic determinants makes it possible to understand the processes of chemoresistance formation and to discover (develop) strategies for its overcoming. The article provides an analysis of the literature data on the significance of tumor stem cells in the development of drug resistance of melanoma.