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Integration of histology and pathology in an electronic curriculum

In 2006, the University of Kansas, School of Medicine introduced an integrated, Tablet PC‐based, preclinical undergraduate medical curriculum to the 2010 class. The curriculum began with Foundations of Medicine, Genetics & Neoplasia, and Immunity & Inflammation, followed by systems modules running through year two. Histology and pathology laboratories were merged and offered in each module, using the Aperio(tm) digital slide system. The electronic inking features of the Tablet PC were essential for students to construct individualized histopathology atlases. The classes of 2010 and 2011 used a "follow the leader" approach. For the 2012 class, students are required to preview material using detailed protocols with digital slide links and short videos summarizing each slide. Lab is focused on answering student questions in depth, replacing the superficial review of cases. Following discussion, students take an online quiz with randomized items. Student feedback shows statistically significant improvement in effective use of lab time (p=0.03), compared to traditional microscope labs. Summative exam scores for histopathology items are high in both the initial and current virtual lab formats. Our approach has allowed us to breathe new life into learning histology and histopathology, to increase active learning, and to help students develop the lifelong skills needed to practice medicine in a digital world.