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Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer: Tapping into the Opportunities

Prostate cancer is a major health issue, having the highest incidence rate of all cancers and being the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the Western world. Because prostate cancer results in substantial morbidity and mortality, it poses a significant burden to a vast number of patients, their caregivers, and the health care system in general. When prostate cancer becomes castration-resistant after failure of hormonal therapy, adequate and accurate imaging procedures are particularly important to guide invasive diagnostic procedures and subsequent therapy. For localized low-volume disease, more sophisticated salvage therapies have been introduced requiring imaging guidance such as high-precision radiotherapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and cryosurgery. Similarly, the recent introduction of several novel therapeutics (abiraterone, enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, 223Ra) for advanced stages of disease when prostate cancer has become castration-resistant requires careful selection of patients for optimal, personalized decision making.