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ADHERENCE TO DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS BY ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR COMORBIDITY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) worsens the quality of life and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular comorbidity. Adherence to therapy, including lifestyle modification, determines the effectiveness of a treatment. For patients with CKD, a healthy diet includes restriction of salt, animal protein, sufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits. The aim of this study was to investigate adherence to dietary recommendations by elderly patients with cardiovascular comorbidity and CKD. Design and method: 214 elderly patients with stable cardiovascular diseases (106 males, mean age 69.5 ± 7.6 years) were studied. CKD was diagnosed and classified according to the KDIGO guidelines (2012). Adherence to dietary recommendations was assessed through questionnaires and interviews. Results: CKD with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2was diagnosed in 144 (67.3%) patients. Most of the patients had arterial hypertension - 201 (93.9%). Most elderly patients with CKD were informed about the benefits of salt restriction (84.7%) and daily eating vegetables and fruits (92.4%). There were no differences in adherence to dietary recommendations by elderly patients depending on the presence of CKD (p > 0.05). 106 (73.6%) elderly patients with CKD always and most of the time limit salt intake (mostly do not consume salty foods). Only half of elderly patients with CKD eat vegetables and fruits daily (81; 56.3%) and include fish in the menu every day or at least twice a week (75; 52%). Only 35 (24%) patients with CKD consume up to 4–6 servings per day of vegetables and fruits daily. More than half (76; 52.8%) of elderly and senile patients with CKD do not restrict protein in the diet. More than half of elderly patients (65.4%), have scales at home for self-monitoring of weight, regardless of the presence of CKD. However, half of elderly patients (50,5%) never control their weight. Conclusions: There were no differences in adherence to dietary recommendations by elderly patients with cardiovascular comorbidity depending on CKD. Despite the rather high awareness of dietary modification, adherence to dietary recommendations in elderly patients with cardiovascular comorbidity and CKD was significantly lower. Most elderly patients with CKD did not restrict protein.