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Long‐term outcome of renal transplantation in adults with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Little information is available about the long‐term results of kidney transplantation in adults with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The outcomes of 52 renal transplants performed between 1988 and 2008 in 47 adults with FSGS were compared with those of 104 matched controls  (median follow‐up 93.4 vs. 109.4 months respectively). At 15 years, patient survival was 100% and graft survival 56% in FSGS patients vs. 88.3% and 64% respectively in controls (P = NS).  FSGS recurred in 12 out of 52 grafts (23%) and led to graft failure in seven within 10 months (median). In the other five cases, proteinuria remitted and grafts are functioning 106 months (median) after transplantation. A second recurrence developed in five out of eight re‐transplanted patients (62.5%) who lost their first graft because of recurrence; only one graft was lost. Patients with recurrence were more frequently male subjects (83% vs. 40%, P = 0.02), younger at diagnosis of FSGS (16.3 ± 6.8 vs. 24.1 ± 11.5 years, P = 0.03) and of younger age at transplantation (28.4 ± 7.8 vs. 35.8 ± 12.2 years, P = 0.05). Treatment with plasmapheresis plus ACE inhibitors achieved either complete or partial remission in 80% of the cases. Long‐term patient and renal allograft survivals of adults with FSGS were comparable to those of controls. Recurrence was more frequent in young patients and in patients who lost a previous graft from recurrence. Graft loss resulting from a second recurrence is lower than expected.