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GPC-driven optical micro-manipulation

The generalized phase contrast (GPC) method is used to transform a collimated Gaussian beam into a manifold of counterpropagating-beam traps capable of real-time interactive manipulation of a plurality of particles in three dimensions. Contrary to high-NA based optical tweezers, GPC can operate with a centimeter long working distance, avoiding the use of objective lens immersion liquid and offers a wider manipulation region and a larger field of view than optical tweezers. As a consequence of the large working distance, simultaneous monitoring of the trapped particles in orthogonal observation planes can be easily integrated. Real-time 3D reconfigurable light patterns with sub-micron accuracy are obtained from a direct map of phase patterns addressed on phase-only spatial light modulator followed by a programmable parallel polarisation modulating device. A graphical user-interface enables interactive and arbitrary control over the dynamics and geometry of the real-time synthesized light patterns. Experimental demonstrations have shown that GPC-driven micro-manipulation can be used for fully user-guided assembly of particles in a volume, control of particle stacking along the optical axis, manipulation of multiple low-index particles, real-time sorting of inhomogeneous mixtures of micro-particles and the organization of living cells into 3D reconfigurable colloidal structures.