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From Repression to Attrition

The Umbrella Movement displayed an unprecedented spectacle of resistance
 and brought Hong Kong under worldwide attention. This chapter
 demonstrates how the city’s hybrid regime adaptively switched its response
 to this protest from repression to attrition, after police repression catalyzed
 heightened mobilization. This strategy of attrition entailed an array of
 defensive and offensive tactics that extended beyond ignoring protests.
 By switching to this strategy, the regime actively sought to maintain elite
 cohesion and block political opportunities while leveraging countermovements
 and legal interventions to increase the participation cost
 of the protests and mobilize public discontent. Despite resistance from
 protesters, the success of attrition suggests its potential use by hybrid
 regimes as an effective regime response and a flexible holder of tactics.