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[Psychotherapy of alcohol addiction--principles and new findings of therapy research].

The psychotherapy of alcohol dependence has for long been neglected by psychiatric research. Meanwhile a number of clinical and experimental studies have been performed to examine the efficacy of different kinds of psychotherapeutic approaches in alcoholism. Most clinical settings follow an integrative concept based on behavioural and coping skills therapy, psychodynamic or psychoanalytic and family therapy. Further therapy elements are self-help groups or muscular relaxation, among others. Most therapies are conducted as group therapy but individual therapy is a well-examined alternative. Early intervention in alcohol dependence is of special relevance. Motivational enhancement is a key goal of alcohol therapy and can already be implemented in early interventions or in the detoxification phase. Results of clinical studies suggest that after inpatient treatment 30-40% of patients remain abstinent. Outpatient treatment of alcoholism has for long been neglected, with only few prospective studies conducted so far. The most ambitious study has been the US Project Match. A difficult question remains the allocation of patients to different treatments. Current concepts of treatment for alcoholics are described and results of different treatment studies are given.