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Regulation of TLR4 signaling and the host interface with pathogens and danger: the role of RP105

As all immune responses have potential for damaging the host, tight regulation of such responses—in amplitude, space, time and character—is essential for maintaining health and homeostasis. It was thus inevitable that the initial wave of papers on the role of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), NOD‐like receptors (NLRs) and RIG‐I‐like receptors (RLRs) in activating innate and adaptive immune responses would be followed by a second wave of reports focusing on the mechanisms responsible for restraining and modulating signaling by these receptors. This overview outlines current knowledge and controversies about the immunobiology of the RP105/MD‐1 complex, a modulator of the most robustly signaling TLR, TLR4.