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Book Review: Directives in European Community Law. A Study of Directives and Their Enforcement in National Courts

The directive, the Community legal act which is so difficult to capture in terms of international and national law, has from the very beginning troubled the minds of many courts, practitioners and legal writers alike. Directives were designed as 'acts which are comparable to decisions of international organizations, and which, for their execution, are dependent on intervention of the national authorities'. I They were not designed to have direct effect. 2 In an ideal world, directives constitute a unique technique, in a non-centralized system, whether federal, supranational or international, to achieve common aims, while respecting the independence of the decentralized entities. The text of article 189(3) follows exactly this path: the objectives are set at the Community level and 'the directive is binding as to the result to be achieved', but the 'choice of forms and methods' is left to the national authorities.