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Genetic characterization of Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genes in Thai gastro-duodenal and hepatobiliary patients.

INTRODUCTION
H. pylori has been detected in patients with hepatobiliary diseases. It is currently unclear whether the H. pylori detected in hepatobiliary patients are genetically similar to those in gastro-duodenal patients. The aim of this study was to determine H. pylori vacA and cagA genotypes in Thai patients with gastro-duodenal and hepatobiliary diseases.


METHODOLOGY
H. pylori DNA was extracted from samples from gastric biopsies of gastro-duodenal patients (n=100) and from bile samples of hepatobiliary patients (n=80). The vacA and cagA genotypes were performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing.


RESULTS
The vacA m1 was found in Thai hepatobiliary patients (90%) at a higher rate compared with gastro-duodenal patients (50%).The combined vacA s1a+c/m1 were mostly found in Thai gastro-duodenal and hepatobiliary patients. The cagA gene was detected in 94% of patients with gastro-duodenal diseases compared with 28.8% in those with hepatobiliary diseases (p<0.05). On the other hand, the Western type cagA was more prominent among hepatobiliary patients (100%) than gastro-duodenal patients (57.4%), and this type was grouped into same cluster with Thai gastro-duodenal patients via phylogenetic analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on vacA and cagA analysis, we conclude that infection with H. pylori in gastro-duodenal and hepatobiliary patients may be caused by the different H. pylori strains.