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C-Reactive Protein Inhibits Cholesterol Efflux From Human Macrophage-Derived Foam Cells

Objective—The objective of this study was to determine the effects and potential mechanisms of C-reactive protein (CRP) on cholesterol efflux from human macrophage foam cells, which may play a critical role in atherogenesis. Methods and Results—Human THP-1 monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were preincubated with acetylated LDL and [3H]-cholesterol to form foam cells, which were then treated with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) or HDL for cholesterol efflux assay. Clinically relevant concentrations of CRP significantly reduced cholesterol efflux from THP-1 and PBMCs to apoA-I or HDL. CRP significantly decreased the expression of ATP-binding membrane cassette transporter A-1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1, whereas it increased superoxide anion production. Futhermore, CRP substantially activated ERK1/2 in THP-1–derived foam-like cells. Reducing superoxide anion by antioxidant seleno-l-methionine or SOD mimetic (MnTBAP) effectively abolished the CRP-induced decrease in cholesterol efflux and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Inhibiting ERK1/2 activation by its specific inhibitor PD98059 or by a dominant negative mutant of ERK2 could also block CRPs action on THP-1 cells. Conclusions—CRP inhibits cholesterol efflux from human foam cells derived from THP-1 and PBMCs in vitro though oxidative stress, ERK1/2 activation, and downregulation of intracellular cholesterol transport molecules ABCA1 and ABCG1.