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Demonstration of the Model, Part I

Chapter 5 presents Part I of a field-theoretic model of religious strength, focusing on the most powerful social mechanisms and ecological factors that precipitated the rise of the New Calvinist movement. The author describes three aspects of the American cultural backdrop along with three discursive opportunities, which together facilitated the onset of contention in the American Evangelical field. The chapter maps the correspondence between Evangelical leaders’ positions in the field and their corresponding religious dispositions. Additional precipitating factors are identified. The chapter ends by empirically establishing the “rules of the game,” which are the elements of the Bebbington Quadrilateral (i.e., crucicentrism, biblicism, activism, and conversionism), to which is added the more all-encompassing field rule of “the Gospel,” broadly defined. These rules are understood as endogenous to the social system such that the battle over American Evangelicalism is a battle with and over these rules.