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Fetal and Neonatal Responses to Extended Maternal Canine Starvation. I. Circulating Fuels and Glucose and Lactate Turnover

Summary: The effect of maternal starvation for 5 days on circulating fuels, on glucose, and on lactate turnover in fasted newborn dogs was studied at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 24 h of age. Maternal starvation reduced the birthweight of the puppies by 23% (232 ± 6 versus 300 ± 10 g). Fetal ketone body concentration (3.33 μmole/ml) paralleled the marked maternal hyperketonemia (5.78 μmole/ml).After birth, maternal canine starvation (MCS) also caused significantly lower fasting blood glucose values in the pups at 3 h of age compared to controls (2.79 versus 5.77 μmole/ml). In addition, plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol levels were significantly reduced at 3 h of age. At 6 h, glucose and FFA concentration became equivalent to controls. Glycerol concentration, however, remained depressed at 6 and 9 h, and plasma triglyceride levels were significantly elevated. A significant rise in blood alanine concentration was observed at 3, 6, and 24 h of age in MCS pups. In spite of low blood glucose values at 3 h of age, the glucose production rate (GPR) in the MCS pups was the same as in the controls. Lactate turnover and its carbon incorporation into glucose did not show any significant differences between MCS and control pups at individual time points.These data suggest that during starvation the mother was unable to provide sufficient substrates for normal fetal growth. Maternal and fetal nutrient deficiency may have resulted also in decreased neonatal blood glucose levels together with reduced lipolysis in the immediate newborn period. Circulating glucose, FFA, and glycerol concentrations reached control values during the remainder of the study. Diminished availability of FFA may have resulted in enhanced tissue clearance of glucose. When lipolysis increased and peripheral tissue had an alternate fuel, glucose clearance returned to control values. The precise mechanism for the diminished levels of circulating fuels among fasted pups after 5 days of maternal starvation was not directly evident from these investigations of circulating fuels and glucose or lactate turnover data.