{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.025, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0029411764705882353, 'mean_word_length': 5.548076923076923, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Perioperative management of oral cleft repair: A retrospective chart review

Pre-clinical evidence has shown all common anesthetic drugs are toxic to the developing brain1 . Despite numerous cohort studies and one randomised control trial (RCT)2 , it remains unclear whether anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity exists and if intraoperative physiological disturbance plays a role. Well-designed RCTs with long-term follow-up are required to examine this. Infants requiring repair of oral cleft may provide an optimal clinical model; they often undergo multiple surgeries and have routine, nationally agreed, long-term speech and language assessments which extend into early adulthood.