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[Intensive care and respiratory sleep disorders].

The study of respiratory sleep disorders in intensive care is a developing field. Indeed sleep pathology concerns not only pneumologists and neurophysiologists but also numerous specialties including medicosurgical resuscitation. The advent of "portable" appliances should facilitate access to polysomnography (PSG) for diagnosis of sleep respiratory disorders (RDS) in the intensive care unit. This examination can be appropriate in two separate circumstances. RDS in life-threatening situations (generally respiratory and/or cardiac failure) or when RDS is worsened by the specific conditions of intensive care units: "intensive care-induced RDS". In both cases, easy diagnosis of RDS by PSG allows adjustment of the treatment (corrections of iatrogenic factors, continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP], noninvasive ventilation [NIV], oxygen [O2]. A specific treatment of the well documented RDS is most desirable, as the patients are considered to be at high risk for endotracheal intubation. If diagnosis of RDS is not made during the acute phase, the intensive care physician should be informed of the clinical and paraclinical elements leading to prescription of a delayed polysomnography in order to reduce the risk of further vital distress.