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El Greco's "Miracle of Christ Healing the Blind": Chronology Reconsidered

A CHRONOLOGY for the three extant paintings by El Greco representing the Miracle of Christ Healing the Blind was first proposed by A. G. Xydis in 1958.1 He believed that the earliest version, now in Dresden (Figure i), was executed in Venice about 1569-70; that the next picture, now in Parma (Figure 2), was painted in Rome about 1572; and that the Metropolitan Museum's canvas (Figure 3), the last of the three, was made during the artist's earliest years in Spain, about 1576-77. The chronology of these works has never been reconsidered or questioned.2 However, the dating of the Metropolitan Museum's version has been debated: some writers believe that it was painted in Rome before 1576;3 others think that El Greco might have painted it in Venice, during his putative second stay there, between 1572 and 1576.4 Alfred Frankfurter regards it as "self-evident that El Greco began the picture in Venice," about 1570, and finished it in Spain, about 1581-82. He catalogues the other two variants as "unoriginal" works of the artist's early Venetian years.5 Even though some scholars date these three paintings over a range of ten or twelve years, others suggest that they might have been painted during a much shorter period of time.6 But no matter when or where these three works are