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Stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution

A thorough revision is presented of the lithostratigraphical units of Upper Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene fluvial deposits in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands. Two new formations are defined: Abstract Detailed studies of recently exposed Lower Pleistocene clay deposits and their fossil content (pollen, plant macrofossils, molluscs and mammals) in the Maalbeek pit near Tegelen are presented. Two main sedimentary units are distinguished within the exposed clays. The lower one is interpreted as a flood-basin clay initially formed in a large stagnant waterbody with peat growth. The second clay unit is deposited in an abandoned channel which was incised into the lower situated flood-basin clay and consists of a typical laminated clay. Based on the high amount of pollen from fagus the lower part of the flood-basin clay is assigned to pollen zone T-A. The overlying part of the flood-basin clay is characterised by a pollen assemblage dominated by Ericaceae and Artemisia indicating a less dense vegetation cover and/or cooler climatological circumstances. It represents the pollen zone T-B. The uppermost part of the flood-basin clay and the overlying laminated channel fill are characterised by pollen assemblages that represent the early part of the pollen zone T-C. The molluscan, mammalian and palaeobotanical