{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.014245014245014245, 'fraction_numerical': 0.009971509971509971, 'mean_word_length': 5.390909090909091, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Diagnostic and surgical management of HeartMate 3 outflow graft obstruction due to two different mechanisms

Outflow graft obstruction is a potentially catastrophic complication of left ventricular assist devices that may occur secondary to different mechanisms. Two cases of Heartmate 3 outflow graft obstruction associated with two different pathophysiological mechanisms are presented. The first one was a 70-year-old man who developed outflow graft obstruction secondary to kinking. The second case was a 72-year-old man who presented with signs and symptoms of heart failure due to outflow graft extrinsic obstruction. Both cases were diagnosed with 3D-CT scan and successfully surgically treated.