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High‐dose glucose‐insulin‐potassium after cardiac surgery: a retrospective analysis of clinical safety issues

Background: Metabolic treatment with insulin or glucose‐insulin‐potassium (GIK) has received attention in association with myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery and critical care. As a result of insulin resistance during neuroendocrine stress, doses of insulin up to 1 IU kg−1 b.w.*h are required to achieve maximal metabolic effects after cardiac surgery. The clinical experience with regard to safety issues of such a high‐dose GIK regime in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery is reported.