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Oxygen Uptake by the Aquatic Eggs of the Australian Frog Crinia georgiana

We studied embryonic respiration in Crinia georgiana, an Australian frog that oviposits clutches of up to 70 separate eggs in small depressions of shallow water. We measured oxygen consumption (V̇o2), oxygen conductance of the capsule (GO₂), and oxygen partial pressure difference across the capsule (△PO₂) throughout development at 15° C. All variables increased during incubation and at hatching were V̇o2 = 1.85 μL h⁻¹, GO₂ = 0.24 μL h⁻¹ kPa⁻¹, and △PO₂ = 7.7kPa. The effect of ambient PO₂ on V̇o2 indicated that late-stage embryos experienced oxygen limitation, especially in field sites where ambient PO₂ averaged 14.9 kPa. Nevertheless, the embryos from moderately sized ova (diameter 2.38 mm) developed relatively quickly and produced mature hatchlings (Gosner stage 26-27) after only 12 d. We speculate that rapid development may be associated with oviposition in small ephemeral sites and that the quality of the sites in terms of temperature and PO₂ may affect development time and hatching success.