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CD26 expression on CD4+ T cells in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis

Surrogate marker(s) of protection in human leishmaniasis is not well defined. In this study, T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine profiles and CD26 expression on CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with healing or non‐healing forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) stimulated with Leishmania antigens were assessed. The level of interferon (IFN)‐γ production was significantly higher in patients with healing or non‐healing forms of CL than in healthy controls, but it was not significantly different between the two patient groups. The level of interleukin‐5 production was significantly higher in patients with the non‐healing form of CL than in the two other groups. There was a significant increase in the level of CD26 expression on CD4+ T cells in patients with healing (P < 0·001) or non‐healing (P = 0·025) forms of CL compared with the control group, but no significant difference was seen between the two patient groups. A weak positive correlation was seen between IFN‐γ production and CD26 expression on CD4+ T cells of patients with the healing form of lesion (r = 0·54, P = 0·008), but this correlation was not observed in patients with the non‐healing form of CL (r = 0·53, P = 0·078). Surface CD26 is not correlated with the clinical manifestation of CL or IFN‐γ production. Therefore, CD26 is not a surrogate marker for IFN‐γ production in CL.