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MALARIA AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA

AT a time when Papua New Guinea is rapidly assuming responsibility for its own affairs, it is to be expected that an economist would have been included as a member of the team which recently reviewed the malaria campaign in that country." Experience has shown that it is necessary to study malaria programmes in relation to the total health plan of the country under consideration. In allocating scarce resources, economists would attach priority to health programmes directed against diseases which had a considerable effect on economic development, so that the dividend would be high as a result of the programme. They would also expect the resources allocated to be used efficiently. Over the past four years, studies have been made to develop a methodology which will demonstrate the economic effects of malaria in a given country and the economic benefits which may be expected from its eradication. Until this methodology is available, discussion must remain mainly qualitative apart from calculations of expenditure involved in the treatment of malaria patients and loss of wages due to illness-that is, estimates of the cost of malaria and its effect on productivity. Stevenson, the economist of the team which visited Papua New Guinea, has had considerable experience with malaria programmes. As head of an agricultural university, he saw the nearby Terai of northern India develop from a highly malarious, scantily populated area into one of the major grain bowls after malaria had been eliminated. He was concerned with the National Malaria Eradication Programme of India from the point of view of the Planning Commission, and took part in a number of the surveys which collected data for the methodology studies referred to above. In the present survey, Stevenson points out that: "A significant factor in the economic development of Papua and New Guinea is that the major development pro· grammes are located in geographical areas where the incidence of malaria is high and where an epidemic can