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Distributed Beamforming for Underwater Sensor Networks

We propose a binary-feedback-based distributed beamforming for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). Distributed beamforming is a technique that enables distributed sensor nodes to cooperatively transmit signals in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). One of the simple and scalable distributed beamforming techniques is the binary-feedback-based distributed beamforming. Each node independently and randomly adjusts its phase according to the binary feedback from a receiver. In this paper, a modified binary-feedback-based distributed beamforming is applied to a UWSN with harsh channel characteristics to expedite phase convergence. The proposed algorithm adaptively narrows down or extends the phase-selection range over time depending on both the previous phase selections and newly received feedbacks.