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Antileishmanial Properties of Moroccan Medicinal Plants and Mechanism Insights of their Main Compounds

For several years, leishmaniasis was considered serious problem health of the Moroccan population. The used treatments against leishmaniasis are mostly expensive and present intolerable side effects. Furthermore, the search for antileishmanial bioactive compounds is urgent. Today, some studies started in Morocco, the evaluation of antileishmanial effects of natural products, in particular, bioactive compounds extracted from Moroccan medicinal plants. This work aims to explain the general epidemiological situation on the leishmaniasis in Morocco and to present all data about the antileishmanial properties of Moroccan medicinal plants. Several ethnopharmacological studies showed the use of Moroccan medicinal plants against leishmaniasis. The biological test showed that these plants showed cytotoxicity against Leishmania species, such as Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania tropica. Moreover, mechanism insights of the main compound of tested medicinal plants showed specifically targeted pathways such as apoptosis action, topoisomerase inhibition, and respiratory chain perturbation.