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Alfred T. Moleah. Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation . Wilmington, DE: Disa Press, 1994. i + 341 pp. Bibliography. Index. Maps, Photographs. $40.00. Cloth. $20.00. Paper.

For many years this book was one of the most comprehensive revisionist histories available on the oppression of pre-independent Namibia. Tracing its history to the early 1980s, Alfred T. Moleah's Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation is described by its editors as a "committed work against racism and colonialism." Moleah's work is openly biased and polemic. He provides us with one of the most vivid descriptions of oppression in print in his chapter entitled "The African Condition." Here he expertly details the process of dispossession Germany and South Africa employed to destroy indigenous Namibian institutions and ways of life. Included, too, is a thorough examination of the activities of the South African Defense Force (SADF), and its crucial part in this process of dispossession. Unfortunately, the other side of the struggle is not as effectively presented. These several, less satisfying chapters focus on the liberation efforts of internal and international actors. It is Moleah's description of the process of dispossession which is the high point of this study. Yet, in order to better comprehend the extent and depth of the dispossession, more background on indigenous Namibian institutions and ways of life seems necessary. Unfortunately, the precolonial history offered here is too brief to achieve the full effect of his argument. Rather, Moleah's historical background starts with German colonialism. Emphasizing economics as motivation, he shows how German and South African capitalism employed various institutions to control African labor. Moleah's primary interest is the workplace, but he also effectively conveys a sense of the daily indignities of life. He does this through the inclusion of brief sections on education, health, housing and the situation for women. A second part of the book centers on the independence movement, predominantly the internal resistance led by the South West African People's Organization (SWAPO). Ironically because of this topic's importance, it is here that the study misses several opportunities. Nowhere is there much of an analysis of SWAPO's goals or proposed policy. Further, while he details the SADF's "total strategy," Moleah provides very little information on the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), SWAPO's armed wing. While it may be argued that certain details might compromise security, a more comprehensive analysis of SWAPO and PLAN seems necessary for a study of the struggle for liberation. There is some analysis of the role of other actors in the resistance, such as traditional leaders, the churches and student organizations. Unfortunately, today little of this material is new. Peter Katjavivi's A