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Parabolic Wave Equation Model for Ducted Environments

The goal of this work is to develop a numerical EM tool based on a parabolic wave equation (PWE) model that can accurately predict propagation losses over a wide range of frequencies, geometries, atmospheric and ocean conditions, including very small elevation angles. The code is specifically written for accurate field computations in ducted environments for low grazing angle air-to-ground links (typically less than 4-5°). It can run as a hybrid model with upper atmosphere is modeled using fast simpler models and lower marine atmospheric boundary layer is simulated by a discrete mixed Fourier transform-based PWE. It also include a Monte Carlo module that allows statistical estimation of realistic effects of varying sea surface, and turbulence by providing both the coherent and incoherent components of the field.