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Exposure estimates of chromeplaters in India: an exploratory study

Abstract The literature has a paucity of knowledge on the exposure and effect estimates of chromeplaters in India. In an exploratory endeavour on chromium (Cr) exposure risk assessment, blood and urinary Cr levels plus the DNA–protein crosslink content were analysed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of chromeplaters (n=24). A cross-sectional study design was selected. Non-chromeplaters (n=35) were taken as the matching control. The results show that levels of blood and urinary Cr were greater in chromeplaters. A significant increase in DNA–protein crosslink coefficients of peripheral blood lymphocytes and urinary Cr levels was observed. The results demonstrate higher exposure estimates in chromeplaters and reveal exposure to a biologically effective dose of the toxic metal. The study also validated the employed biomarkers for Cr exposure risk assessment.