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Prognostic factors, symptoms and consequences of dehydration and dyselectrolytemia in patients with terminal stomach cancer.

BACKGROUND
Dyselectrolytaemia and dehydration are common symptoms in people with terminal stomach cancer.


AIMS
To determine factors related to dyselectrolytemia and dehydration in patients with terminal stomach cancer.


METHODS
An analysis of 134 patients with terminal stomach cancer admitted to the palliative care unit was conducted, through an audit of the patients' medical records. The average age of women was 63.1 years and that of men was 64.9 years.


FINDINGS
Dehydrated patients were more likely to: have dyselectrolytaemia; have a higher PS scale score; be taking opioids as an analgesic; have a high sodium concentration; experience dyspnoea, constipation, nausea and vomiting during hospitalisation; and require glucocorticoids administration both during and before hospitalisation. Patients with dyselectrolytaemia were more likely to: be admitted to the palliative care unit from the emergency department; experience cachexia and dehydration during hospitalisation and constipation at discharge; have a lower albumin level; and have a higher glucose level. Patients with dyselectrolytaemia also had a shorter duration of treatment and a 2.48 greater chance for death compared with those who did not have it.


CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of the adverse factors connected with dehydration and dyselectrolytaemia will allow health professionals to avoid dangerous clinical symptoms and prolong the life of those with terminal stomach cancer, as they might be able to foresee the occurrence of these conditions based on the medication the patient has been taking and symptoms they have been experiencing. Nurses will have a greater understanding of the importance of fluid therapy to resolve ionic disturbances and the need to address dehydration and dyselectrolytemia as a means to prolong and improve quality of life.