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Low-Cost Magneto-Optic Sensor Based on Tapered Fiber and Distributed Sensing Concept

In this letter, we present a magnetic field sensor with a noise equivalent field of 500 nT based on a tapered fiber in a magnetic fluid (Fe3O4 nanoparticles dispersed in the deionized water). This sensitivity, which is three orders of magnitude better than the previously demonstrated tapered sensors, is achieved by biasing the fluid material with a ≈1-mT magnetic field. In addition, application of an optical modulator and an auto-balanced synchronized detector increased the sensor output signal-to-noise ratio significantly. Furthermore, a novel method is presented to employ the proposed sensor in a distributed scheme.