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Influence of fiber fusion on loss and beam quality in multi-mode injection conditions

A simple model based on coupled-mode theory to describe mode evolution and fiber fusion loss at the fusion splicing point is presented. Using the model, the simulations of fundamental mode loss and total power loss, as well as beam quality evolution generated by the fusion interface under different deviation including offset and tilt, are performed for matched and unmatched fiber splicing. In the simulations we consider three states: minimum total power loss state, minimum fundamental mode loss state, and best beam quality state. From the simulations, some interesting results, such as the fact that with certain fusion offset, the output beam quality will be improved and the ratio of fundamental mode will increase, are predicted. In addition, some references for good beam quality as well as low total power loss fusion employing a balance between axial offset and tilt during the actual fusion splice process are provided.