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A proteomic analysis approach to study insecticidal crystal proteins from different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis

Abstract We obtained and compared a new cry2Ac6 gene from Bacillus wuhanensis 140, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki 4.0718 and B.t. kurstaki XL004 that share a similar genetic background but occupy different ecological niches. Using a proteomic approach and function-based activity profiling, we systemically identified the insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) from the three Bt species, which were found to be mainly distributed at pH 4–7 on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) gels by PDQuest software. The proteins that exhibited a significant difference in expression were excised, digested in-gel and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Thirty-three differently expressed proteins were identified from the three Bt strains. The Cry2Ac6, Cry1Ab16, CryIG, CryH2, CryI, CryINA67-1 and CryI+ crystal protein mixture from B.t. wuhanensis 140, Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa and endotoxin delta1 from B.t. kurstaki 4.0718 were further analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Two common proteins were founded in three strains, the heat shock proteins (HSP60) and the translation elongation factor Tu, which help with protein refolding and prevent protein degradation. The different enzymes of metabolism, including glutamate racemase, chemotaxis protein histidine kinase and related kinases pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1orE3 were identified. Some protein spots could not be identified. The results indicate that each Bt strain has unique ICPs as well as some common proteins related to ICPs formation, and that the virulence of Bt strains is closely related to the expression of specific ICPs.