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Range estimation for electric vehicles

Economic electrical vehicles suited for daily use will have limited traction battery capacity. Thus reliable range estimation is a mandatory feature for route planning. Energy consumption and CO2-emission based on the actual standard test cycles (NEFZ, CADC) is much too optimistic, especially for rural operation in mountainous regions. In this contribution we present a Simulink-based electric vehicle model that considers all relevant route characteristics (altitude, speed limit, pavement and weather conditions). The model is applied and validated by different electric compact cars and roadsters with real mountainous test cycles. Based on intensive parameter studies with this model, a simplified analytical model for range estimation, CO2-emissions and costs (including an optional fuel based range extender) is derived. A case study shows the possible benefit of a low-power range extender for compact electric vehicles.