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Surgical Site Infection in Patients Undergoing Potentially Curative Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and its incidence is increasing day by day. Colorectal cancer surgeries can have many complications including surgical site infection (SSI). SSI in colorectal cancer has been a serious healthcare problem due to the delay in postoperative recovery. Our present study aimed to explore the rate of SSI and associated factors in colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabian patients. Relevant literature was searched in multiple databases, including PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. We included original investigation analyses of more than 10 cases that met the inclusion criteria. The SSI rate, wound infection rate, other post-procedure complications, and risk factors for SSI were extracted from the selected articles. A total of 9 studies that recruited a total of 2,889 patients who underwent the colorectal open or laparoscopic procedure with post-procedure infectious complications reported were included in this review. Every single study that was incorporated was an observational study, such as a cross-sectional or cohort. Most of the included studies had a retrospective design. Of the total patients, 53.34% (n = 1541) were male patients. The age of the patients in the studies included ranged from 18 to 93 of age. The overall surgical site infection rate of included studies from Saudi Arabia was 12%. The highest infection rate was observed in open colorectal surgeries compared to laparoscopic surgeries. Further research is needed to understand both the associated risk factors and the infectious post-surgical consequences. Optimal precautions and standard surgical techniques are required to support the actions of the surgical team to reduce SSI occurrence and to decrease such complication.