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Stearidonic acid suppresses adipocyte differentiation by decreasing adipogenic gene expression

The n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found in fish oil have been shown to have anti‐obesity effects. Due to concerns regarding the safety and sustainability with fish oils, there is a need to identify an alternative source of n‐3 PUFA. Stearidonic acid (SDA) is a botanical n‐3 PUFA found in Echium plantagineum. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of SDA on adipocyte differentiation. 3T3‐L1 cells were treated with differentiation cocktail containing 0–200 uM SDA. Adipocyte differentiation was examined by lipid accumulation via triacylgycerol assay and expression of adipogenic transcription factors and lipid accumulating genes by real‐time PCR. Calcein‐AM/propidium iodide staining was performed to detect the effect of SDA on cell viability. Intracellular triglyceride accumulation in SDA‐treated cells was decreased 36% (p<0.05) compared to untreated cells. The expression of the adipogenic transcription factors C/EBP‐beta, C/EBP‐alpha, PPAR‐gamma and SREBP‐1c were significantly (p<0.05) decreased from 35–73% in SDA‐treated cells compared to untreated cells. SDA treatment also significantly (p<0.05) decreased the lipid accumulation genes aP2, FAS, and SCD‐1 from 65–96% compared to untreated cells. SDA‐treatment did not affect cell viability. These results demonstrate that SDA can suppress adipocyte differentiation and may serve as a surrogate for fish oil.