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Behavior of Short Lateral Dead Ends on Pipeline Transients: A Lumped Parameter Model and an Analytical Solution

By integrating the continuity equation over a short lateral dead end, the effects of a short lateral dead end side branch on pipeline fluid transients can be lumped into a node. The analytical solution to a linearized equation shows that a pipeline transient can be expressed as a Fourier series and presence of a lateral dead end reduces the frequencies of the harmonic components. The impact of the lateral dead end on the observed transients depends on a parameter S d , which is related to the location of the lateral dead end, the relative volume, and the wave speed of the lateral dead end with respect to the pipeline. A lumped parameter approach that can be incorporated into the method of characteristics has also been developed