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Comparison between Demineralized Bone Matrix and Freeze Dried Graft for New Bone Formation in White Rats Muscle

Introduction. One alternative for the treatment of extensive bone defects is the use of bone graft. Autogenous bone remains the established standard of bone grafting material but bone available for harvest is limited. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was an ideal bone graft substitute because it has osteoinduction and osteoconduction mechanism. On the other hand, freeze dried allograft (FDA), which as osteoconduction mechanism only, has been widely used in clinic. Thus this study aims to compare the new bone formation between DBM and FDA. Materials and methods. An experimental study was conducted to ascertain which both bone graft types was better by using post test only control group design, involving 18 male white rats of 60 days old and weighing about 200-300 grams. The rats were divided into three observation groups, each were surgically implanted with a graft in the adductor muscle. Each group consisted of six thighs which implanted with DBM and the other tighs were implanted with FDA. They were sacrificed in 2nd week, 4th week and 6th week after implantation (6 rats/period). Histological examination had been performed to assess the number of osteoblast cells and bone matrix formation. The data were tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the result was analyzed with T one-sample test. Results. There were osteoblast cells and matrix formation in muscle transplanted with DBM in all groups and no seen osteoblast cell and matrix formation in muscle transplanted with FDA. Conclusions. Demineralized bone matrix is more effective than freeze dried allograft in new bone formation. Keywords: demineralized bone matrix (DBM), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), freeze dried (FD)