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Prevalence of proteinuria among HIV-infected children attending a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

Sub-Saharan Africa is the epicentre of the HIV pandemic but there are few reports of HIV-related kidney diseases in children in this region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of proteinuria in HIV-infected children at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Proteinuria was determined using urine protein-creatinine ratio. CD4+ cell count was determined for all the HIV-infected children. The mean age of the HIV-infected children was 74.4 +/- 35.6 months with a male: female ratio of 3:2. Compared with 6% of the 50 controls 20.5% of the 88 HIV-infected children had proteinuria (p = 0.026). Of 20 children with advanced clinical stage 40% had proteinuria compared with 14.7% of 68 children with milder stage (p = 0.004). Similarly, proteinuria was commoner among those with severe immunosuppression (p = 0.014). HAART use was not associated with significant difference in proteinuria prevalence (p = 0.491). Proteinuria was frequent among HIV-infected children, especially among those with advanced disease.