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The social impact of the arts: an intellectual history

of modernism. This section is, nonetheless, a tour de force compilation of movements and artists. Of the remaining two sections, the first in the series acts as preparation for the rest which follow. It largely concerns the creative industries, what they are, and how they play a major role in what Montgomery sees as the new economy. It is a meaty section packed with details about these industries, presented in numerous tables as well as in the text, and as such is both fascinating and somewhat hard-going. Containing the first of Montgomery’s adjusted wave cycles, showing innovations and industries, it is a necessary section. The other section is about the design of cities and place-making and why the success of cities depends upon being attentive to what Montgomery calls activity, image and form. He argues that well planned and presented cities are instrumental in creating an environment conducive to innovation and hence new industry. While this section deals with generally well-known material, its emphasis on city economy determining city form suits Montgomery’s purposes. A significant feature of the book is the number of diagrams and charts, both often Montgomery’s own or adapted by him, and well-prepared case studies which illuminate the points he wishes to make. But why include murky photographs as well? The book should be instructive to city planners and policy makers, urban designers, leisure managers, public art officers, students in any of these fields, and also to residents and visitors of cities. It provides a good working guide for many readers because the economic language is not overwhelming, the book is structured so as to allow the sections to be treated as discrete parts, and there is useful repetition and reinforcement. The bibliography which includes some of Montgomery’s own material is extensive and a useful resource. The reach of Montgomery’s probe into what may cause cities to succeed or fail is impressive and unusual. The strength of the book lies in precisely this breadth and his subsequent insights. Montgomery’s approach is authoritative yet enthusiastic: equally, his aim is to convince as well as explain; this is particularly noticeable in the conclusion given to the future of cities in the fifth wave. Thus, the book is at the same time instructive and lively. In the preface, which is certainly worth reading carefully, he urges his reader: ‘If you want to know what to do, to understand how good cities work, read on’. The reader, apart from reservations noted above, will be well rewarded.