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The League of Nations and the Optants’ Dispute in the Hungarian Borderlands

With the fall of the dualist Monarchy, the so-called Hungarian optants in the annexed territories chose the Hungarian nationality instead of the nationality of the three Little Entente states and transferred their place of residence to Hungary. As most of their land was expropriated without due compensation, they started to contest the land reforms before a series of national and international fora. The regional dispute initiated by the Hungarian optants against the Little Entente governments became part of a global controversy between the protection of private property (individual interests) and the sovereign states’ agrarian policies (community interests). The League of Nations provided a framework to debate about the conflict both at the level of international law and politics. This chapter claims that to face the delicate choice between socio-economic community interests and individuals’ property interests, all procedures of the League had to maintain a careful balance between the two.