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Terahertz time domain spectroscopic investigation of spin reorientation transitions in HoFeO₃.

Both continuous and discontinuous spin reorientation transitions in the HoFeO₃ orthoferrite have been further investigated in this paper. Here, we use terahertz spectroscopy through the terahertz ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic resonances to study the thermodynamics of the spin reorientation transitions in HoFeO₃ ceramics. The spin reorientations are driven by changes in the anisotropy energy, and the spin moments in and out of the (a, c) plane correspond to the continuous transitions and discontinuous transitions. We fitted the antiferromagnetic resonant frequencies, and we achieved quantitative insight on the changes in anisotropy energy. Measuring M-H (moment-magnetic field) curves, we found changes in macroscopic magnetization and verified the thermodynamics.