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Response of Bulk Flowmeters to Multiphase Flows

This review has attempted to select the most recent references with the most useful data. It does not cover local velocity measurements or related parametric measurements. The nature of multiphase and multi-component flow is briefly considered. Data on existing flowmeter designs in two-component flow suggest that the most likely contenders for fiscal measurement precision are venturi, positive displacement, electromagnetic and correlation flowmeters. There are inadequate data so far to determine the eventual usefulness of the Coriolis mass flowmeter. Flowmeter combinations of volume and momentum sensing have been used to deduce mass flow, as have combinations of volume flowmeter and densitometer. Major systems under development incorporate many sensors to measure both combined and separated flows. The discussion section seeks to give a general insight into the topic and the associated problems by identifying common themes across a number of meters. Various topics are discussed which relate to the problem of precise multi-component flow measurement: what to measure; gas entrapment; ancillary equipment; dynamic modelling; damage; physical effects; whether to separate the components; the need for calibration. The review concludes by identifying future areas where academe and industry can contribute, particularly if they do so collaboratively.