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Nonlinear Dynamics of Seismicity and Fault Zone Dynamics Around Large Dams: The Case of Enguri Dam, Caucasus

The 271 m high Enguri arch dam, still one of the highest arch dams in operation in the world, was built in the canyon of the Enguri river (West Georgia) in the 1970s. It is located in a zone of high seismicity (MSK intensity IX) and close to the Ingirishi active fault. The high seismic and geodynamical activities together with the large number of people living downstream of the dam make the Enguri dam a potential source of a major catastrophe in Georgia. Thus, the Enguri Dam with its 1 billion cubic meter water reservoir should be under permanent monitoring. At the same time, this area is an amazing natural laboratory, where one can investigate both tectonic and geotechnical strains and processes as well as their response to the lake load–unload impact (i.e., the reaction to a controllable loading of the Earth crust). This is an important scientific issue, connected with a fundamental problem of reservoir-induced earthquakes as well as with environmental geotechnical problems related to the safety of large dams. Application of nonlinear dynamics methods allows for the division of events, ordered by reservoir water regular strain impact from the background seismicity.