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Process optimisation for green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and evaluation of its antimacrofouling activity

In recent years, considerable attention has been given to the plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles because it is an eco-friendly method compared to the synthesis by chemical route. This study aims to optimise the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) mediated by coconut water using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of the individual variables (concentration of coconut water, temperature and time) and their interactions during the biosynthesis of ZnO-NPs were determined by RSM employing Box-Behnken design. The variables selected were tested by a 17-run experiment and quadratic model was used for the analysis of the results. The accuracy of the model was confirmed by the coefficient of determination (
 R
 2
) value of 0.9968. The significance of the regression model was found to be high which is validated by the low probability value of P
 <; 0.0001. The ZnO-NPs thus synthesised was evaluated for its antimacrofouling activity against mollusks using in-vitro foot-adherence bioassay. The results demonstrated the potential of biosynthesised ZnO-NPs in inhibiting fouling induced due to the test organisms.