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Transcoding or not? — A study of quantization configuration for H.264-to-HEVC transcoding

In the past several decades, many video coding standards with higher coding efficiency were developed. It raises an interesting question: Does transcoding benefit a previous coded video stream? This work uses H.264-HEVC transcoding as the study object. The experimental results show that the quality parameter (QP) plays the key role. With low H.264 QP and high HEVC QP, transcoding can always reduce the bitrate with similar PSNR. The bitrate saving can be over 50%, depending on the texture complexity. On the contrary, high H.264 QP with low HEVC QP can only cost tremendous bitrate with little PSNR improvement.