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Direct Irradiation Absorption by Nanofluids: A Proposal of Standardization by the Use of the 'Solar Wall'

We analyzed the behavior of a “Solar Wall” and validated the apparatus with three nanofluids (silver, titanium dioxide and a hybrid compound) in view of their photothermal conversion performance. The factors considered were the temperature gain in relation to the base fluid, the stored energy and the specific absorption rate. A cost survey was carried out to find out the profit of each nanofluid. Five concentrations were studied for each nanofluid. A hybrid nanofluid formed by the previous ones was also tested. The results presented that the Solar Wall has achieved repeatability, and we can state that it is suitable for the tests on other nanofluids. The silver and hybrid nanofluids performed better, the first obtained a temperature gain of 10.2 °C compared to the base fluid and the hybrid reached 9.9 °C. Regarding the energy gain, the silver-based obtained a gain of 31.93%, and the hybrid obtained 34.52%. The SAR values for the silver nanofluid were higher than the titanium-based, nevertheless the cost to generate an energy unit using the former was higher than in the titanium case. The silver-based and the hybrid nanofluids obtained improved photothermal conversion, being the most promising options.