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Preparation of Bi‐Doped ZnO Thin Film over Optical Fiber and Their Application as Detection of Ethylenediamine in an Aqueous Medium Based on the Evanescent Field Technique

Synthesis of pure ZnO and bismuth‐doped ZnO (xBi/Zn) (x = 6 wt%) thin‐film based optical fiber sensor and their material/optical characterization such as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis is reported. As‐prepared material such as xBi/Zn is deposited over the optical fiber, and optimum clad thickness in the range of 2–5 μm is achieved through MATLAB simulation to enhance the feasible evanescent field interaction with gas analyte molecules. The modal field analysis of the sensing probe before and after the deposition of xBi/Zn is also studied using COMSOL Multiphysics Modeling software and find strong light propagation into the LP04 mode. The sensing probes are tested in different chemicals and ethylenediamine (EDA) is found to be the most suitable candidate in the concentration range of 100–800 ppm. The response time of the ZnO and xBi/Zn‐doped thin‐film‐based optical sensor is found to be 20 and 15 s, whereas the corresponding sensitivity (%) is 1.078 and 3.483, respectively. The repeatability test of the sensor is also carried out which reveals good response stability.