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The South Portal of the Cathedral at Le Mans: Its Place in the Development of Early Gothic Portal Composition

The portal at Le Mans is dated on the belief that its sculpture must derive from the Royal Portal of Chartres, and on documents that record the dedication of Le Mans cathedral in 1158 but do not mention the portal. Nothing, however, irrefutably demonstrates that Le Mans must derive from Chartres. In fact, the more primitive aspect of Le Mans's sculpture has been acknowledged. An analysis of the portal shows that it was reduced to fit its location, the south wall of the nave, which is dated ca. 1093, and that its portal composition stands stylistically between that of Saint-Denis and Chartres. Although documents indicate building activity at Le Mans throughout the first half of the 12th century, allowing the portal to have been constructed anytime in that period, a fire in the 1130s provides motivation for the complete reconstruction of the cathedral and the impetus for a sculptural program. Given the commonly accepted dates for Saint-Denis and Chartres, a date in the 1130s for the portal at Le Mans is not only possible but probable.