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The C-Mean: a Methodological Note of Caution

This note re-examines the C-Mean, a method for calculating averages for in dividuals within units. According to Daniel Scott Smith, the statistic C (here called the C-Mean) "has two important uses—in clarifying the definition of the subject under study, and in describing units from the perspective of the people located in them." The note clarifies some ambiguities about how to calculate the C-Means for grouped data and discusses some potential biases in the results. Moreover, it raises questions about the interpretive value of the statistic and suggests that the C- Mean should be used in conjunction with other descriptive statistics.