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Production of few-layer graphene structures in different modes of electrochemical exfoliation of graphite by voltage pulses

Abstract Physical and chemical characteristics of few-layer graphene structures (FLGS) obtained in various modes of electrochemical exfoliation of graphite have been studied. The FLGS synthesis was performed by the application of voltage pulses from a high current generator to the graphite electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution. FLGS were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, infrared, X-ray photoelectron, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The suggested one-step synthesis allows a controlled variation of typical size of FLGS and the content of oxygen functional groups on the FLGS surface in the range from 7 to 26 at. %, with the highest degree of functionalization by oxygen functional groups such as OH/C-O-C and C = O achieved in the case of the anode plasma-assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite.