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Postoperative active specific immunization in colorectal cancer patients with virus‐modified autologous tumor‐cell vaccine. First clinical results with tumor‐cell vaccines modified with live but avirulent newcastle disease virus

Sixteen patients with colorectal carcinoma Dukes' Stage B2, C, or D were treated with an autologous virus‐modified tumor‐cell vaccine after potential curative tumor resection (R0‐Resection). An inoculum of 1 × 107 cells incubated with 32 hemagglutination units of nonirradiated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was given intracutaneously up to four times at 10‐day intervals. The delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reaction was measured. The vaccination was well tolerated. In 11 of 16 patients an increasing reactivity against the vaccine was observed during the vaccination procedure. A challenge test using autologous tumor cells without NDV after the vaccination cycle revealed a specific antitumor sensibilization in 12 patients. The DTH response was not due to bacterial contamination or sensibility to the virus. Histologic examination of the vaccination site showed a dense infiltration of predominantly helper T‐lymphocytes. We conclude that in most of the patients treated active, specific immunization led to a specific antitumor sensitivity.