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LONG‐RANGE EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CHARGE OF SOILS ON LIQUID JUNCTION POTENTIAL OF SALT BRIDGE

Charged soil mass or ion-exchange resin membrane caused a liquid-junction potential profile with a thickness of several millimeters from the surface outward, and the sign and the magnitude of the potential were closely related to the charge of the soil. This was true for salt bridges made of charged ceramics, as well as uncharged polyethylene, and was more pronounced for AlCI3 and CaCI2 than for KCI as the bridge solution. The potential developed with an initial quick stage followed by a slow stage and also decayed in two stages when the salt bridge was moved to a remote distance from the soil or the resin.