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Preparation and Characterization of Composite from Poly(vinyl chloride) Hydrochar and
Hydrolyzate of Keratin from Chicken Feather by Hydrothermal Carbonization

Poly(vinyl chloride) and chicken feather wastes considered as the dangerous wastes. This study aimed
to characterize the prepared composite from poly(vinyl chloride) hydrochar and keratin hydrolyzate
from chicken feather to get possibility the usage of this composite as soil amendment. The poly(vinyl
chloride) hydrochar-keratin hydrolyzate composites (HKHC) had been produced with the hydrothermal
carbonization process. The composites were made from different composition of poly(vinyl
chloride):chicken feather (5:95% (HKHC5), 10:90% (HKHC10) and 15:85% (HKHC15)). The
hydrothermal carbonization process would break and fracture the CHCl bond of poly(vinyl chloride).
Moreover, this process would also hydrolyze keratin from chicken feather into small protein. The
composite structure was formed from aromatic carbon and amino acids aggregate along with other
organic substances. The solid composites and liquid residues formed in this process. The composites
were characterized by FTIR, XRD and TEM and the composite of char-Fe3O4 was characterized by
SEM. Meanwhile, the liquid residues were analyzed for its organochlorine by GC-MS and amino acid
contents by HPLC. The results showed that all products have similar properties but the composite with
ratio 5:95% (HKHC5) had the highest aromatic structure, paramagnetic (Fe3O4) crystallinity and amino
acid contents.