{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.014023732470334413, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.145695364238411, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Peak Load Response of a Concrete Beam in Mixed-Mode Fracture

A major difficulty in simulating load response of a concrete structure in mixed-mode fracture lies in the fact that crack path is not known a priori. Predicting both the crack path and the associated load response involves advanced simulation techniques and novel numerical methodologies. Here, an intrinsic cohesive crack model is employed to study mixed-mode fracture in a concrete beam. The present approach requires neither preliminary results from linear elastic fracture mechanics simulations nor a re-meshing procedure or special implementation to prevent crack locking. Simulations with regular meshes illustrate that this concise approach can provide a reasonable estimation of peak load of the pre-cracked concrete beams in mixed-mode fracture. This study shows that the energy ratio in the bilinear softening law has larger effects than the stress ratio.