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Atomic Scientific Co-operation and Rivalry Among Allies: The Anglo-Canadian Montreal Laboratory and the Manhattan Project, 1943-1946

The nature of the Second World War, with its emphasis on innovative =.. weapons and defence technology, brought about dramatic changes in the role of scientists in Canada, the United States, and Great Britain. Although there was extensive co-operation between Canadian, American, and British scientists in the development of many important weapon systems, most notably radar and sonar, high explosives and aeronautics, chemical and biological warfare, the most spectacular marshalling of scientific, engineering, and administrative talent of the three nations was in the development of the atomic bomb. For British and Canadian atomic scientists, the focal point of much of their research activities was the Montreal nuclear laboratory, created in the autumn of 1942. Inevitably, alliance scientific warfare built upon established relationships between elite scientists and government officials. Before the war, Henry Tizard and F.A. Lindemann (Lord Cherwell) had already established themselves