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Assessing Inter‐ and Intra‐reliability in Frontal Sinus Outlines

Human frontal sinuses are highly variable between individuals in terms of their size and shape. This idiosyncratic variation has been used in medicolegal fields for positive identification. Although qualitative comparisons are common practice, several 2D and 3D methods to objectively quantify their morphology have been proposed to statistically support such identifications. One approach has been to outline the superior border of the frontal sinus from traditional radiographs, using Elliptical Fourier analyses (EFA) of those frontal sinus outlines (FSOs) to characterize sinus shape. Several studies show this method quantitatively illustrates FSO uniqueness. To make such a method applicable to medicolegal cases, however, inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability in the tracing of FSOs must first continue to be evaluated.