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Light scattering in turbid media: insights to optical imaging with single-scattered and multiply scattered light

A major problem in biomedical optical imaging is the fact that image quality degrades with penetration depth : the deeper the imaged object is buried in turbid media like tissue, the less precise is the determination ofits location, size, shape and optical properties. This result comes as a consequence of the very nature of light propagation in turbid media. At very shallow optical depths the majority of photons comprising an optical beam illuminating the medium propagate without scattering and therefore there is small or insignificant distortion of the beam pattern (as demonstrated in the far left image of Slide 1). As the optical depth increases, a larger number of the photons will experience one or a few scattering events causing profound changes in the spatial distribution of the light beam intensity (as seen in the middle image of Slide 1). For imaging depths greater than 10 photon mean free paths, the propagation of light gradually becomes completely diffuse (as demonstrated in the far right image of Slide 1).