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The human reconceived

The chapter shows how Socrates becomes the crucial figure that Hannah Arendt turns to, against Plato, for thinking the human as rooted in plurality and attesting to both action and thought. As a positive split image of Plato’s negativity, Socrates is singled out in the context of interrogations that cross Arendt’s entire work about radical evil and, later, about the banality of evil. Socrates works as an antidote to both: radical evil because his practice of dialogue is a political practice that calls on politics as a shared space of plural interaction; and the banality of evil because, by assuming thinking as an activity consisting in the internal questioning of oneself, Socrates discovers conscience as the source of ethical judgment.