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Doing Families. Gay and Lesbian Family Practices. Judit Takács & Roman Kuhar

This edited volume explores gay and lesbian families in Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. The authors focused on the social situation and acceptance of same-sex parenthood, as well as on social reactions toward children raised in gay and lesbian families. The institutionalization of same-sex couples started more than 20 years ago in Europe, yet there is a huge lag in the institutionalization of same-sex adoption. The introduction of same-sex adoption provoked fiercer resistance from some segments of society than the institutionalization of same-sex couples did in almost every country in Europe. The reason for this strong opposition is most probably that adoption by same-sex couples would sanction the acceptance of new family types. While to a certain extent, partner relationships can be regarded as a private issue, many aspects of family life can overlap with the social sphere. Same-sex families have begun to move from the extreme margin of society to belong to the recognized family types in some European countries (full joint adoption by same-sex couples is legal in Denmark, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, while second parent adoption—a form of adoption when same-sex partners can adopt the biological (or in some cases the adopted) child of their partner— exists in Finland and Germany) and in the United States recently. If they managed to gain visibility and voice, it could change heteronormative family life by overcoming three main challenges: Ideologically, their existence destabilizes fixed sexual roles; structurally, they bring change in the family constellation and generate changes in the power relations within the family; and, biogenetically, reproduction is no longer restricted to fecund differentsex partners (Sobocan, 2011). The six studies in this book and the interview with Judith Stacey by the editors address all three challenges. In the first chapter, José Ignacio Pichardo Galán analyzes what kinds of changes were triggered by the institutionalization of same-sex partnerships on the concepts of family and gender roles in Spain. The study is based on statistical data reviews and qualitative research that was carried out with 63 gay and lesbian couples between June of 2004 and August of 2005. The most important finding is that the institutionalization of same-sex partnership