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Pupillometrics and Criminal Justice

It is the purpose of this study to investigate the measurement of the pupil as an objective index of sensory, emotional and mental activity, and its application to law enforcement. The concept of measuring the pupil of the eye is not new. People from all cultures, lands and ages have testified to changing pupil size in relation to physical and emotional stress. Such adjectives used in our culture to express observations of the eyes, but more specifically the pupils, are: "soft, hard, beady, tiny, large, saucerlike, hateful, sly, doe-like, crafty, wide, narrow, cold, warm, passionate, fiery, loving, listless, lively, shining, dull, sparkling, curious," 1 and many more. The concept of pupil reaction as an adjunct to law enforcement is both unique and contemporary: unique, in terms of current understanding of the physiology and psychology of man; and contemporary, in the sense that theoretical law enforcement is continually moving in the direction of social involvement as suggested by the Wickersham report," August Vollmer," and more recently by the reports and papers of the President's Commission 4 on Crime. Stated simply: pupil reaction is a technique by which measurements of the pupil will be made when a participant is viewing a stimulus. Although the participant may issue a negative verbal response to the stimuli, his pupil, being part of the autonomic nervous system, may record a different response; thus indicating conflict and possible doubt concerning the verbal response.