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Humans and Their Impact on Cyber Agility

Abstract : Autonomous operations are the best way to operate in cyberspace. Six variables are appropriate with respect to cyber agility, namely: robustness, resilience, responsiveness, flexibility innovation, and adaptability. This paper explores the role of humans and their impact on cyber agility. It is envisioned that there are four basic ways a human can interact with the loops associated with cyber C2 systems, namely: Human-BEFORE-, Human-ON-, Human-IN-, and Human-AFTER-the-Loop. These interactions can have significant impacts regarding mission success and these interactions will play a major role when considering the complex nature of the human during the six phases of conflict. Net-enabled approaches have the potential to be more agile in the cyber domain simply because it's more machine-to-machine oriented. The role of humans within cyberspace definitely is related to the particular mission. It is postulated that: a) Human-BEFORE-the-Loop will perform better in discovery and prediction; b) Human-ON-the- Loop is best when periodic injection of decisions are required; c) Human-IN-the-Loop is best when time is not a critical factor for mission success; and, d) Human-AFTER-the-Loop is best during the assessment phase of operations. It is postulated that, again, Human-IN-the-Loop would display the least cyber agility as compared to the other three.