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KOC (K homology domain containing protein Overexpressed in Cancer) and S100A4‐protein immunoreactivity improves the diagnostic sensitivity of biliary brushing cytology for diagnosing pancreaticobiliary malignancies

Biliary tract brush cytology is one of the favored methods of evaluating lesions of the pancreatobiliary tract. However, although its specificity has been reported to be high (91–100%), the sensitivity is lower (30–88%). In this study we applied KOC and S100A4 protein immunocytochemistry to assess their potential use as adjunct markers in differentiating benign from malignant cells, and improve the diagnostic sensitivity of this method for pancreatobiliary malignancies.