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The Effect of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Structure and Stability of Bio-Macromolecules

Insecticides are among the most widely used pesticides in the world. They are preparations of chemical and biological origin used to control insects, which means its killing or preventing its destructive activity. Majority are used in forestry, agriculture, and households. Neonicotinoids represent the class of insecticides that is most frequently used in the world and replaced by more dangerous pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates. In recent years, the focus has been mainly on the ecological and environmental risks caused by the use of neonicotinoids. These insecticides pose a very high risk to bees and also to soil and aquatic organisms. It is therefore highly topical to address the impact of neonicotinoids on biological systems on individual bio-macromolecules (DNA and serum albumins). Monitoring the impact of neonicotinoids on the structure and stability of biological macromolecules may contribute to reducing the use of these insecticides, as well as to considering and adjusting the tolerances of insecticides and their residues in food.