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Abnormalities of the physiology of copper in Wilson's disease. I. The whole-body turnover of copper.

The whole-body turnover of cupric chloride ( 67 Cu) was determined in 22 normal and other control subjects, 12 patients with cirrhosis of the liver, 21 known homozygotes of Wilson's disease, 9 presumptive heterozygotes (parents), and 15 family members (14 of whom were siblings), in a Chinese population (Taiwan) and an American population (San Francisco). The results obtained showed that whole-body retention of copper was prolonged in both homozygotes and heterozygotes of Wilson's disease, and in cirrhotic patients with ascites and/or hepatocellular failure. In the absence of clinical and laboratory evidence of hepatocellular insufficiency with or without ascites, prolonged whole-body turnover of copper may be used to identify the genetic defect of Wilson's disease.