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HUMAN IMPACTS ON NILE RIVER MORPHOLOGY

This paper shows the impacts of human interference on Nile River morphology. A roadway culvert was constructed to connect an island on Nile River to the eastern bank of the Nile had altered river morphology in the vicinity of the island. The paper focuses on, 1) the efficiency of the roadway culvert to pass the normal flow, and 2) the impact of the roadway culvert on river morphology. A one-dimension mathematical model was applied to estimate the flow characteristics and the efficiency of the roadway culvert. It was found that the culvert passes 4% of the flow that would had passed through the eastern branch if the culvert were not existed. As a result, the flow rate in the western channel had increased. Analysis of data indicated changes in river morphology in terms of erosion and sedimentation. In order to restore the efficiency of the eastern channel and to eliminate the side effects of the roadway culvert, a bridge is proposed to replace the roadway culvert. In this case, model results indicated improvements in the hydraulic conditions.