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The influence of the winter Arctic oscillation on the northern Russia spring temperature

Correlation and trend analyses are applied to examine relationships between the northern Russia snow/ice season surface air temperature (SAT) and winter circulation, represented by the January–March Arctic oscillation (AO) index. The 1935–99 series of winter and spring monthly SAT from five stations are used, with the winter season being defined as January–March and the spring season being defined specifically for each station in accordance with local snow/ice season duration from April–May through April–July.