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Fruit of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. induces non-shivering thermogenesis through mitochondrial biogenesis and activation by SIRT1 in high fat diet-fed obese mice and primary cultured brown adipocytes.

Brown adipocytes, which contain abundant mitochondria, use stored energy as fuel during a process called non-shivering thermogenesis. Thus, the pharmacological activation of non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become a promising target for treating obesity. We investigated the effect of fruit of Hovenial dulcis Thunb. (FHD), a frequently used herbal treatment for liver diseases, on thermogenesis and its mechanism using primary cultured brown adipocytes and BAT of HFD-induced obese mice. Thermogenesis-related factors including UCP1 and PGC1α increased with FHD treatment. FHD also increased mitochondrial biogenesis and activation factors such as NRF1 and OXPHOS complex. Furthermore, FHD increased intercellular NAD+ level and SIRT1 activity that may be responsible for the activation of the thermogenic reaction. These results indicate that FHD can be a potential substance for improving obesity due to its thermogenic action through mitochondrial biogenesis and activation.