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Indirect Measures of Causal Dimensions: Estimating the Reliability of a Composite of Separate Constructs

In 1987, Russell, McAuley, and Tarico examined the reliability of both indirect and direct measures of causal dimensions (i.e., stability, controllability, and locus of causality). Their results indicated that the reliability of indirect measures was unacceptably low and much worse than the reliability of Russell's directly measured Causal Dimension Scale. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that Russell and associates misconceptualized the nature of the constructs assessed in the indirect measures and, as a result, grossly underestimated their reliabilities. Findings indicated that, when properly conceptualized and analyzed, indirect measures are at least as reliable as direct measures.