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Prevalence of female athlete triad characteristics in a club triathlon team.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of the female athlete triad in club triathletes.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional.


SETTING
Academic medical center in the midwestern United States.


PARTICIPANTS
Fifteen women (mean age, 35+/-6 y).


INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Disordered eating and menstrual status were determined by questionnaires. Energy status was determined by a 3-day food record, resting energy expenditure, and exercise energy output. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the total left hip and lumbar spine (L2-4) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.


RESULTS
Sixty percent of the triathletes were found to be in calorie deficit, 53% had a carbohydrate deficit, 47% had a fat deficit, 40% had a protein deficit, and 33% had a calcium deficit. Forty percent of triathletes reported a history of amenorrhea. BMD was normal in the lumbar spine (L2-4) (1.3+/-0.1 g/cm(2)) and total left hip (1.1+/-0.1 g/cm(2)).


CONCLUSIONS
Triathletes are at risk for components of the female athlete triad. Continued efforts need to be directed at prevention through education of athletes, coaches, parents, and health care professionals.