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Confirmation and repair: an interactional analysis of redoing sequences in adult-child conversation

to whether the child/caregiver initiated a new topic, a topic previously introduced/developed by the caregiver or a topic previously focused on by the child. Groups were composed of children with ’low’ and ’higher’ levels of comprehension, each falling into either the 7-13 or 15-19 age brackets. All 8 children were at 2-3 MLU and used Makaton signing to support speech. In the younger age group a consistent preference was found among the children from ’own topic’ initiations: 2-3 times as many as for ’new’ topics, and 3-4 times more than ’caregiver’s previous topic’, irrespective of comprehension level or play context. In the older group a significantly different pattern emerged, with ’own topic’ averaging fewer than ’new topic’ initiations. A further significant difference was observed between the relative proportion of initiations used by the younger compared with the older children and their caregivers: younger children tending to share initiations equally with caregivers, while older children matched for comprehension level with the younger achieving only around 15% of total initiations. The implications for intervention with this group of learning-impaired children are discussed.