{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.021297192642787996, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.585987261146497, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Autonomous Decentralized Frequency Resource Allocation using ACK Signal in LoRaWAN

With the further development of the internet-of-things (IoT), numerous nodes are expected to be densely deployed. If multiple nodes simultaneously transmit packets on the same frequency channel, packet collision can occur at the gateway leading to packet loss. By transmitting an acknowledgment (ACK) signal to the node whose packet was correctly received by the gateway, the other nodes can initiate packet retransmission in order to resolve packet loss. However, ACK signal transmission is required from the gateway to all the nodes, increasing the gateway processing load and impacting the duty cycle (DC) restriction on the gateway. In this paper, we propose an autonomous decentralized frequency resource allocation scheme for LoRaWAN, aiming to reduce the number of packet collisions and the gateway processing load. We implement the proposed approach, and demonstrate its effectiveness through computer simulation and experimental evaluation.