{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.035830618892508145, 'fraction_numerical': 0.006514657980456026, 'mean_word_length': 5.084158415841584, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The effects of endurance exercise on dystrophic mdx mice. II. Contractile properties of skinned muscle fibres

Dystrophic (mdx) mice were subjected to a 15 week exercise programme consisting of endurance swimming. Single fibres from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL, fast-twitch) and soleus (SOL, mixed fast- and slow-twitch) muscles were attached to a sensitive force-recording apparatus, and activated in Ca2+ - and Sr2+-buffered solutions. In addition to the normal well-defined fibre types in these muscles, a small number of fibres were also sampled from the soleus of both experimental groups, which were ‘Intermediate’ to the other two SOL fibre types. Type IIB fibres from the EDL and type IIA fibres from the soleus of the Swim group were significantly less sensitive to Ca2+ and Sr2+ compared with those fibres sampled from the sedentary (Sedent) group, suggesting that endurance exercise was able to modify Ca2+ and Sr2+-activated contractile characteristics. The swim-trained (Swim) group’s increased incidence of SOL fibres with characteristics intermediate to those of the fast- and slow-twitch fibre types suggests a possible exercise-induced fibre type transformation as an adaptation to the functional demand.