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Hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against an adenovirus (virus-127) in white Pekin ducks in the United States.

A new disease syndrome affecting egg production in chickens about 6 to 8 months old was recently described by workers in the Netherlands and Great Britain (2-7). The condition has been called "egg-drop syndrome." Because it was first described in 1976, the acronym EDS-76 has been used to identify the specific entity. Affected flocks characteristically fail to reach expected peak egg production or undergo a sudden drop in production of 30 to 50% or more. Just before the drop or during the first 1-3 weeks of severe drop, the egg quality changes transiently: Brown eggs may have pale shells, and eggs may be thin-shelled or shell-less. Some workers (6,7) have also observed watery and cloudy thin albumen in affected eggs. EDS-176 is caused by an adenovirus, of which isolates 127 and BC-14 are representative (2-5). This virus shows partial sharing of the group-specific antigen common to fowl adenoviruses, although there is no apparent serologic relationship between Virus 127 and the known serotypes of chicken or turkey adenoviruses (3). The EDS-76 agent, unlike other adenoviruses isolated from chickens, agglutinates fowl erythrocytes, which permits a hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test to be used for detecting specific antibodies in sera (4). The observation of an in vitro preference for duck over chicken cells by virus-127 (2), coupled with the demonstration of HI antibodies against the agent in duck flocks in the United Kingdom (W. Baxendale, personal communication), suggested that ducks might be a natural host for the agent. That prompted examination of sera from commercial d'uck flocks for HI antibodies, as reported here. Additionally, because some commercial egg-laying flocks in New York State have problems in egg production (although without the egg quality changes seen with EDS-76), it was also of