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Smart structures: the role of fiber optics

The concept of the smart structure integrates structural engineering, sensing, control systems and actuation to provide a mechanical assembly which is capable of responding to its environment and/or loading conditions. The realization of the smart structure requires integration of skills in a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines ranging from mechanical engineering through materials science into signal processing, data analysis, sensing and actuation. The sensing technology must have a number of key features of which the ability to take distributed measurements of various parameters throughout the structure is paramount. Fiber optics technology therefore promises to have a significant role to play in the evolution of the smart structures concept. This paper analyses this role in detail, presents an assessment of the current state-of-the art in fiber optic technology related to smart structures and presents a scenario for future developments.