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Automated Tuning of Resonance Frequency in an RF Cavity Resonator

Radio frequency (RF) cavity resonators are one of the key structures in particle accelerators. An RF source transmits required power for acceleration to cavity through waveguides. Due to impedance mismatch, some of the available power generated by the RF source reflects back from the cavity. To save power and provide the maximum accelerating field, it is desirable to minimize this reflected power by equalizing the frequencies of the cavity and source. In this paper, an adaptive gradient based algorithm is developed to automatically reach the minimum value of the reflected power and maintain this condition. The control algorithm is derived through a Lyapunov-based analysis. The proposed adaptive gradient based controller is further compared with a constant gain controller and a classical perturbation-based extremum seeking method. Experimental and simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of the algorithms in tuning the resonance frequency.