{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03612167300380228, 'fraction_numerical': 0.015209125475285171, 'mean_word_length': 5.622641509433962, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Double‐Solvent Induced Ultrafine Ruthenium Nanoparticles on Porous Carbon for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

For hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution, the state‐of‐the‐art platinum(Pt)‐based electrocatalysts showed a bunch of drawbacks including high cost, poor durability and scarcity, making it essential to develop Pt‐free electrocatalysts. In this work, we employed a double‐solvent approach to prepare a ruthenium(Ru)‐dispersed metal‐organic framework composite, which was further pyrolyzed to obtain a novel Ru/C electrocatalyst with a Ru loading of 2.7 wt %. The target electrocatalyst showed ultrahigh activity for HER in 1 M KOH that outperformed commercial Pt/C catalyst (20 wt %) with an overpotential of 27 mV @ 25 mA cm−2 and 86 mV @ 100 mA cm−2. This work not only provides a promising electrocatalyst for highly efficient HER in alkaline solution, but also offers a double‐solvent strategy for the fabrication of various metal/carbon composites with uniform distribution of ultrafine metal nanoparticles.