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A survey of permanent magnet synchronous machine models suitable for computer simulation

Permanent magnet synchronous machines with high torque density, which is a frequent requirement for high level applications, are characterized by saturation and cross-saturation effects which need to be taken into account in simulation models used for the purpose of control system design or for optimized design of the machine geometry. In this paper three simulation models of permanent magnet machines are presented: conventional inductance based model with constant parameters in which saturation is not modelled, inductance based model with variable current dependent parameters which includes saturation effects, and flux based model in which saturation effects are also considered. All three models rely on finite element simulations. Their performance is compared using dynamic simulations of an inverter fed interior permanent magnet synchronous machine designed for traction applications.