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Attenuation of iron‐binding proteins in ARPE‐19 cells reduces their resistance to oxidative stress

Oxidative stress‐related damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is an important feature in the development of age‐related macular degeneration. Iron‐catalysed intralysosomal production of hydroxyl radicals is considered a major pathogenic factor, leading to lipofuscin formation with ensuing depressed cellular autophagic capacity, lysosomal membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. Previously, we have shown that cultured immortalized human RPE (ARPE‐19) cells are extremely resistant to exposure to bolus doses of hydrogen peroxide and contain considerable amounts of the iron‐binding proteins metallothionein (MT), heat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70) and ferritin (FT). According to previous findings, autophagy of these proteins depresses lysosomal redox‐active iron. The aim of this study was to investigate whether up‐ or downregulation of these proteins would affect the resistance of ARPE‐19 cells to oxidative stress.