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The efficacy of molecular markers associated with virulence in root-knot nematodes


Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are major crop pests that cause heavy economic losses. The use of resistant cultivars is one of the most important management methods. The Mi-1 gene in tomato confers effective resistance against several species of Meloidogyne. However, Mi-1-virulent root-knot nematodes restrict the use of resistant cultivars. Molecular markers associated with virulence have been developed in previous studies but not validated in large number of Meloidogyne populations so far. In this study, molecular markers were screened in a total of 69 (a)virulent Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica isolates. The results showed these markers did not separate virulent and avirulent populations from Turkey. In addition, polymerase chain reaction products obtained from primers HM1.F2/HM1.R2 were digested with 30 restriction enzymes but no differences among populations were found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on screening large root-knot nematode populations with these markers.