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The Slave Trade in French Diplomacy from 1814 to 1815

The suppression of the African slave trade was an important and inflammatory factor in the diplomatic relations of France with the major European powers, from the Congress of Chatillon, where peace negotiations were conducted during February and March of 1814,1 to the signing on November 20, 1815, of the definitive treaty of peace between Great Britain and France. At the talks at Chatillon and prior to the conclusion of the Treaty of Chaumont,2 the representatives of the powers arrayed against Napoleon presented to General Caulaincourt, the French emissary, a draft of the terms which could serve as a basis for settlement. Among these terms was a stipulation which entrusted Napoleon to abolish the slave trade. With specific reference to this item, Caulaincourt retorted: [This could be] a fit article to insert in a treaty with Denmark,3 but not with us. If you wish to abolish the slave trade, we will meet you half-way, and arrange it between ourselves, but the compulsory article you have inserted can never be tolerated by a great people who are not yet in a situation to be insulted with perfect impunity.4 The negotiations at Chatillon ended in failure. But, as far as the slave trade was concerned, the attitude of Caulaincourt clearly indicated that to force abolition on France would be a matter affecting her national honor and prestige. William Wilberforce, who since the 1780s had sought the total suppression of the African slave trade throughout the civilized world, sensed the full implications of Caulaincourt's remarks. Hence, before the first abdication of Napoleon, Wilberforce suggested to both Lord