{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.05204081632653061, 'fraction_numerical': 0.04591836734693878, 'mean_word_length': 4.96048632218845, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 3, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A retrospective review of MRI features associated with metastasis-free survival in women with breast cancer: focusing on skin thickening and skin enhancement.

OBJECTIVES
To identify associations between MRI-detected skin thickening and enhancement and metastasis-free-survival (MFS) given recent reports of skin thickening on ultrasound being a poorer prognostic indicator.


METHODS
Interrogation of a prospectively collected database of ultrasound-visible breast lesions showed 214 lesions with pre-treatment MRIs available for analysis in a single centre. Data on metastasis-free-survival (MFS) was prospectively collected. Retrospective MRI review was performed blinded to outcome. Imaging factors recorded were presence of skin thickening and enhancement, non-mass-enhancement (NME) and abnormal nodes, mass characteristics, perilesional oedema and background parenchymal enhancement. Statistical analysis used Chi-squared test, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the Log-rank test and Receiver-Operator-Characteristic (ROC) curves.


RESULTS
During a median follow-up period of 5.6 years, 21 (10%) of 212 patients developed distant metastases. Skin thickening [24 of 30 (80%) vs 169 of 184 (92%), p = 0.043] and skin enhancement [15 of 20 (75%) vs 178 of 194 (92%), p = 0.016] were associated with poorer MFS. Large index lesion size [p < 0.001, AUC 0.823], large sum of masses [p < 0.001, AUC 0.813], increasing total lesion extent including NME [p < 0.001, AUC 0.749] and abnormal axillary nodes [55 of 66 (83%) vs 138 of 148 (93%), p = 0.024] were also associated with poorer MFS.


CONCLUSIONS
Skin thickening and enhancement on breast MRI are associated with poorer MFS. These findings should be taken into account when managing patients with invasive breast cancer.


ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
Skin enhancement on breast MRI at diagnosis is associated with metastases development. Skin thickening on breast MRI is associated with future metastatic disease.