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Screening and diagnosis of sepsis in severe burns

A large amount of effort is being applied to develop a more accurate diagnosis, prevention and timely detection of sepsis in patients of different age groups. Despite current advances in prevention and treatment, sepsis remains the leading cause of death for severe burn injury. The threat of developing sepsis in burn patients remains until the wounds are completely closed. The study aimed to review the current literature on screening and early diagnosis of sepsis in burn patients. This article analyzes the literature using PubMed, Scopus, GoogleScholar and highlights the current problems of the prevention and diagnosis of burn sepsis that occurs in patients of different age groups. At the third international consensus (Sepsis-3) in 2016, sepsis was defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction, causing a disturbance in the patient’s response to infection. The article presents the diffe­rences of pathophysiological changes in the wound and late phase of burn disease, when manifestations of organ failure develop. The criteria for high, moderate and low risk based on anam­nesis, changes in respiratory and cardiovascular systems, skin, circulation and hydration of the patient were determined during the stratification of sepsis for adults and children. Although the criteria for the development of burn sepsis are consistent with gene­rally accepted, however, the development of a systemic inflammatory response from the first days of severe burn disease should be taken into account, which distinguishes burn sepsis from sepsis in the general intensive care population and complicates the diagnosis and treatment. The article deals with the expediency of biochemical markers, in particular the dynamics of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and presepsin. It is concluded that patients with thermal trauma until the moment of the closure of burn wounds have a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hypermetabolism-hypercatabolism and possible manifestations of organ failure. Therefore, many scientific papers are aimed at finding and developing an accurate algorithm for the diagnosis of burn sepsis. The development of genetic methods for the study of burn sepsis is one of the promising directions in the prediction and prevention of serious complications, which will allow timely prognosis and correction of the development of sepsis.