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A Computer-Based Brain Stimulation System to Investigate Sensory Prostheses for the Blind and Deaf

Electrical stimulation of the visual cortex of the brain results in punctate photic sensations called ``phosphenes.'' This suggests the concept of producing artificial vision for the blind by implanting arrays of electrodes, producing scoreboard-like displays. Electrical stimulation of the cochlea, VIIIth nerve, and auditory cortex produces analogous auditory sensations called ``audenes,'' which might be used to provide artificial hearing for the deaf.