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Producción y calidad de grano y rastrojo en maíces en el altiplano poblano

The majority of the ruminant production units in the high valleys in various regions of Mexico integrate maize stubble as a source of fodder. Therefore, this crop must be a high yielding of both grain and stubble of quality. Thus, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the performance of 36 genotypes of maize in the highlands of Puebla in the aspects mentioned above, during the year 2017. The genotypes screened were seven commercial hybrids, a synthetic variety, nine free-pollinated populations and nineteen experimental simple-cross hybrids derived from local varieties. The sowing was carried out in three experiments with lattice design 6x6 in experimental units of two furrows 80 cm wide by five meters long. Variables related to the characteristics of the plants and chemicals from the stubble produced were evaluated. The main discriminatory variable was useful yield (USY) that included grain yield (GRY), stubble production and digestibility. The genotypes were different (p< 0.001) in all the measured variables. In USY, the outstanding genotypes were: HS-2®, Aguila 215W®, SM-16 60x66, SM-16 5x64, SM-16 64x66, SM-16 53x64, SM-16 13x44, SM-16 23x60, SM-16 58x21, SM-16 44x64, SM-16 136x142, Niebla® and SM-16 21x64. However, this variable manages to mask genotypes that have high yields of grain and stubble but that have low digestibility. Only the SM-16 5x64 had superiority in digestibility, but had average yield of stubble dry matter, which gives it greater potential to be a dual purpose genotype.