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The Expositio Problematum Aristotelis of Peter of Abano

THE EXPOSITIO PROBLEMATUM ARISTOTELIS of Peter of Abano (c. 1250c. 1316), which was completed at Padua in 1310, probably constitutes the principal attempt to incorporate Greek problemata literature into the corpus of natural scientific knowledge generally accepted by medieval scholars in the West.' It is a work that merits examination, both for its content and for the spirit in which it was written. The Aristotelian problems are a collection of more or less randomly assembled questions and answers on a wide variety of scientific and quasi-scientific topics, including physiology, psychology, medicine, cosmology, mathematics, music, and ethics. The exposition of the problems is a compilation of the most advanced scientific knowledge of the early fourteenth century. As a commentator, Peter of Abano repeatedly demonstrated interest in secondary rather than primary causes, readiness to question established authorities, and skepticism toward the marvelous. Moreover, Peter had very definite ideas about what constituted scientific knowledge, holding only sciences depending upon inductive and deductive reasoning to be worthy of the name. (The compilation of histories, the present writer is ruefully obliged to note, he believed to be merely a laborious and pointless piling up of examples. 2)