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Wideband Equivalent Circuit Model for Smartphone Antennas Based on Characteristic Modes

In this paper, an approach to model the impedance characteristic of a generic smartphone antenna with lumped circuit elements based on characteristic modes is shown. In contrast to a pure fit of simple RLC resonator circuits, a model based on characteristic modes can deliver an enhanced insight into the real physical behavior of the modeled antenna. To obtain such a model, each dominant mode is modeled with a separate circuit. The superposition of all these circuits yields the whole model. To obtain the circuit models, we use an approach based on high pass circuits of even order, which is extended so that it is valid for inductive modes, too.