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Linearized frequency conversion properties of two‐port devices as a function of the pumping signal amplitude and phase

In this article a technique that allows derivation of the conversion matrix of a two‐port device using a measurement setup based on a nonlinear vector network analyzer (NVNA), which is capable of identifying the optimum local oscillator (LO) level and the corresponding RF and IF terminations for a microwave mixer, is discussed and validated. This technique is applied to extract the conversion matrix of gate‐pumped 0.2‐μm pseudomorphic high‐electron‐mobility transistors (PHEMTs) driven by a 4.8‐GHz signal at different power levels and using an intermediate frequency of 600 MHz. Several experimental results provide a behavioral description of the up‐ and down‐conversion mechanism in microwave mixers and highlight the dependency of the conversion‐matrix coefficients on the pumping signal amplitude and phase. Detailed validation of this technique is provided by means of a circuit‐level simulation and its consistency by vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2006.