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Anthropological Models of Cultural Interaction and the Study of Religious Process

Over the last.three decades, two anthropological models of cultural interaction have dominated the study of religious-cultural processes in India. These models, developed in the 1950s, have since been widely criticised. This essay will argue that despite criticism, these models, with necessary qualifications, can capture the complexities of the process of religious transformation in India. I will use Puranic texts of early medieval Bengal to illustrate my argument. The Purtinas claim that in the Kali age the sudras were emerging as the dominant caste group in society, women were becoming msubordinate, in short the entire structure of society based on the varnäsramadharma was