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Growth of complexity in molecular evolution

Arguments for or against a trend in the evolution of complexity are weakened by the lack of an unambiguous definition of complexity. “Physical complexity”, a measure based on automata theory and information theory, is a simple and intuitive measure of the amount of information that an organism stores, in its genome, about the environment it evolves in. It can be shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that physical complexity must increase in molecular evolution of asexual organisms in a single niche if the environment does not change. Responsible for this law of increasing complexity is natural selection, which acts as a natural Maxwell Demon in simple evolving systems. This law can be violated in co-evolving systems as well as at high mutation rates, in sexual populations, and in time-dependent landscapes. However, it turns out that these factors usually help, rather than hinder, the evolution of complexity.