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Formulation of ceftriaxone conjugated gold nanoparticles and their medical applications against extended-spectrum β-Lactamase producing bacteria and breast cancer.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their conjugates have been getting a great medical advantage. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing bacteria demonstrate a challenging problem for health care. Aim of the study was the biosynthesis of AuNPs using Rosa damascenes petals extract and conjugation to ceftriaxone antibiotic (Cef-AuNPs) to inhibit ESBL-producing bacteria and study assesses in vitro anticancer activity. Characterization of the synthesized AuNPs and Cef-AuNPs was studied. ESBL-producing strains, Acinetobacter baumannii ACI1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PSE4 were used for testing the efficacy of Cef-AuNPs. The cells of MCF-7 Breast cancer were treated with previous AuNPs and Cef-AuNPs at different time intervals. Cytotoxicity effect of apoptosis and its molecular mechanism were evaluated. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy established the formation of AuNPs and Cef-AuNPs. Transmission electron microscope demonstrated that the formed nanoparticles were of different shapes with size ~15-35 nm and the conjugation were established by a slight increase in size. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Cef-AuNPs against tested strains were obtained as 3.6 and 4 μg/L, respectively. Cef-AuNPs demonstrated a decrease in the MIC of ceftriaxone down to more than 27 folds on the studied strains. The biosynthesized AuNPs displayed apoptotic and time-dependent cytotoxic effects in the cells of MCF-7 at concentration of 0.1μg/mL medium. The Cef-AuNPs have low significant effects on MCF-7 cells. These results enhance the conjugating utility an old unresponsive ceftriaxone with AuNPs to restore its efficiency against otherwise resistant bacterial pathogens. Additionally, AuNPs may be used as an alternative chemotherapeutic treatment of MCF-7 cancer cells.