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Correlation of Incidence of Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Indian Diabetic Versus Nondiabetic Females

DOI https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0039-3402531 ©2019 Women in Cardiology and Related Sciences Background There are 425 million people afflicted with diabetes in the World (IDF 2018). The most common cause of death among people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is cardiovascular nature. The relative risks for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are 2to 4-fold and 2to 3-fold higher, respectively, than the risk in nondiabetic subjects. Since there is less data correlating the incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications in Indian females with type 2 DM, this study has been conducted. Aim To evaluate the occurrence of symptomatic cardiac disease among female patients with and without type 2 DM. Material & Methods The study was conducted from the outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad. Female patients with and without type 2 DM patients were selected for the study after taking informed consent. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) and was conducted in the endocrinology department and general medicine department to eliminate the bias of cardiovascular symptoms. Patients were subjected to a clinical questionnaire and relevant clinical investigations were conducted. The results of the study were systematically selected and statistically analyzed. The study included female patients with and without type 2 DM of age more than 18 years and excluded male patients, n, and female patients with diabetes of less than 18 years. Results This was a case-control observational study and a total of 200 study subjects were enrolled from the patients who visited the OPD from 1st January 2018 to 31st June 2018. The total population was divided into two groups, that is, case (DM) group and control (non-DM) group with 100 subjects, respectively, in each group. The cases were selected from the patients attending the endocrinology OPD and the controls belonged to the general medicine department in our institute. The average age in the case group (DM) was 55.65 ± 10.07 years, and the control (non-DM) group was 50.21 ± 13.7 years. The average duration of diabetes was 9.1 years; hypertension (HTN) was 6.83 years in the case group (DM) versus 3.5 years among the control (non-DM) group. Among all cases, 64% were found to be symptomatic for cardiovascular diseases. Abstract