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Melorheostosis of spine: A very rare clinical entity

Melorheostosis is a medical developmental disorder and mesenchymal dysplasia in which bone cortex widens and becomes hyperdense in a sclerotomal distribution. Most of the cases reported till now are confined to appendicular skeleton, rarely affecting spine. It is well known by its characteristic appearance of “melting wax flowing down a candle” on radiographs. Here we report a rare case of melorheostosis of thoracic spine in a middle-aged male patient with features of myelopathy treated by early decompression surgery, leading to complete relief of symptoms postoperatively. Final follow-up was of 2 years. It is a very rare, benign and disabling entity, and the diagnosis is primarily a radiological one. Early diagnosis and decompression surgery leads to dramatic improvement in clinical outcome and prevents unwarranted biopsy.