{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.030303030303030304, 'fraction_numerical': 0.006818181818181818, 'mean_word_length': 4.504166666666666, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
What is a risk ratio?

Previously in this journal, we discussed how to summarise the results of primary studies (Cipriani & Barbui, 2006). It is of interest to note, at this regard, that there are many ways of providing estimates for the relationship between two binary ("yes or no") variables. These ways have become increasingly popular in medical reports and nowadays clinicians need to clearly understand the meaning of these values in order to better inform daily clinical practice. The risk (or absolute risk AR) is the probability that an individual will experience a specified outcome during a specified period. The AR lies in the range from 0 to 1 and can be expressed as a percentage. In scientific literature, the word "risk" may either refer to adverse events (such as side effects) or desirable events (such as improvement of symptoms). If we have two comparisons, the ratio of the AR for each group is the relative risk (RR). In other words, the RR is the AR in the intervention group divided by the AR in the control group, that is the number of times more likely (RR greater than 1) or less likely (RR less than 1) an event is to happen in one group compared with another. The closer the RR is to 1, the smaller the difference in effect between the experimental intervention and the control intervention.