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Textile Materials with SMA Elements for Active Protection against Heat and Flame

The latest research directions related to the design of protective clothing concern implementation of smart materials, such as shape memory alloys (SMA), that allow for its functionalization which could not be achieved with traditional materials. As a result of the research project, a thermo-mechanical treatment program of a nickel-titanium alloy has been elaborated. This program allows to obtain active elements in a form of conical springs that are characterized by two-way shape memory effect and predestined for implementation into protective clothing. Textile materials with SMA elements intended for clothing protecting against flame, radiant heat and molten splashes have been developed and manufactured. Laboratory tests aimed at evaluation of the obtained shape change effect were performed according to the specially modified testing methodology. The test results indicated that SMA elements caused an improvement of the protective properties of textile materials due to their increased thickness and creation of an additional air layer. On the basis of the achieved results, it can be also stated that protection performance of clothing according to the EN ISO 11612:2015 can be increased from level 1 to level 2 by means of textile materials with SMA elements.