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Study of the temporal distribution pattern of rainfall effect on runoff and sediment generation using rain simulator (case study: Alvand basin).

4 Abstract: One of the important and effective, but ignored variables on runoff and sediment generation is the temporal distribution pattern of rainfall. In this research, initially temporal rainfall variability patterns were determined in Alvand Watershed (located in the realm of cities of Ghasr-e-shirin and Gilan-e-qharb from Kermanshah province environs using pilgrim's average variability or ranking method. After determining and comparing local patterns with the American soil conservation service (SCS) type patterns, the effect of One hour, first quartile pattern on generation of runoff and sediment is examined for formations of Fars Group(Agajari, Mishan and Gachsaran). Based on the results, groups of continuous 1-3 hours and 3-6 hours storms displayed fourth and first quartile patterns, respectively and first quartile pattern being determined for total precipitation with various temporal bases. Comparing regional patterns with SCS type patterns showed no similarities among them. Then 1-hour storm with first quartile pattern on formations of Fars group was simulated using a non-pressure rain simulator, with the same conditions in terms of slope, direction, plant cover, Antecedent Moisture Condition (A.M.C) and Land use. Data obtained from the results of these simulations was analyzed using appropriate statistical distributions. Comparing the effect of temporal pattern within formations showed that correlations between variables of sediment, runoff, as well as runoff coefficient change as the rainfall patterns change within all formations, confirming the effect of temporal pattern on generation of runoff and sediment within formations. Overall result of these tests shows that Mishan marl has more sensitivity to the temporal pattern.