{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.017083587553386213, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.6938775510204085, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Collective Efficacy as a Factor in Group Empowerment among People with Disabilities: A Case Study of Wheelchair Tennis Players of Bogor District’s National Paralympic Committee of Indonesia

Persons with disabilities are frequently underestimated because of their impairments. However, they have the same potential abilities as non-disabled people. One such potential is participating in physical activities, such as sports. Sport is not only a leisure activity for people with disabilities; it can also lead to group empowerment. For people with disabilities, group empowerment through participation in sport can consist of collective efficacy, group identity, and the creation of a motivational environment. This paper examines collective efficacy that supports the group empowerment of people with disabilities in sport by focusing on wheelchair tennis players who belong to the National Paralympic Committee of Indonesia (NPCI). Based on qualitative methods, this research describes the collective efficacy of the empowerment of the wheelchair tennis group of the NPCI of Bogor District. This is a descriptive paper based on qualitative research methods. The results of the research suggest that the members of the wheelchair tennis group feel empowered. Team members are empowered through intensive and frequent practice that builds social cohesion. This social cohesion is strengthened through good communication, coordination, and cooperation, particularly when facing competition. However, group empowerment is less effective when athletic coaches lack experience and knowledge to help disabled players develop their tennis skills.