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Affordable Housing Policies in India: Challenges and Reform

The housing sector is one of the most globally recognized sectors, which estimate the need for affordable housing of 96,150 units/day in urban areas at a global level. Although the task represents an enormous challenge, but it also constitutes a great opportunity for developing countries' economy. After agriculture, the housing sector is the second leading employer in India over a growth of 30 percent in the last decade. The aim of this paper is to study and provide a solution to the existing urban housing problem in India. It attempts to distinguish the problem of the massive urban housing shortage that exists mainly in the Low Income Groups and Economically Backward Sections and provide low-cost housing choices that can be made available with proper policies by Indian Government. The total housing shortage estimated after 2011 census was 18.78 million. The urban population of India has risen from 285 million to 377 million from 2001 to 2011with growth of 32 percent and by 2050; 900 million people will be surviving in urban areas. The rapid growth of urban migration is putting an enormous strain on urban planners to develop an infrastructure in Indian cities. Absence of urban planning can exacerbate existing scenario of housing shortage. Thus, the need arises for a broader and a more encompassing set of policies by which housing affordability can be measured. In this paper, different government schemes are discussed with existing and new reforms of tax policies like REITs, GST, RERA and Benami Transaction Act. A sustainable and accessible model for the affordable housing can be achieved in developing nations through proper implementation of government schemes.