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Chemical Variability of Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) Essential Oil in French Guiana

Abstract Eighty-two samples of Aniba rosaeodora Ducke were collected from ten localities in French Guiana. Essential oils were extracted from different parts of the tree (trunk wood, branch wood, roots, leaves) and analyzed. Yield measurements were performed by hydrodistillation; total linalool content and percentages of (-)-linalool or (+)-linalool were obtained by gas chromatography. Variations in essential oil yield were correlated with various parameters such as part of the tree, age of the tree, season, phenological status and geographic origin. Oil yields from wood samples (trunk, branch, shoot) ranged from 0.4–3.2%, while yields from roots and leaves varied very little with an average of 0.15% and 0.43%, respectively. In young trees, wood yield was 1.6%, higher than in older trees (1.3%). Collection time had no obvious influence on wood and leaf yields. Nevertheless, fruit-bearing trees gave a higher yield than fruitless ones. For a given tree, a decreasing yield gradient was observed from trunk wood to branches, smaller branches, and leaves. Linalool percentage in oil ranged from 73–99%. All trunk wood oils contained a percentage of (-)-linalool close to 100%, except for two trees from Paracou station where a low proportion of (+)-linalool was present. Oils from small branches contained from 5–28% of (+)-linalool. All leaf oils showed a high percentage (78–89%) of (+)-linalool. The linalool form in oil from shoot, bark and root samples was purely (-)-linalool. Measures performed on different parts of the same tree showed that the linalool from trunk wood and thick branches was purely (-)-linalool, whereas the proportion of (+)-linalool increased with the thinness of the branches and reached 85% in leaves.