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Effects of a deficient magnesium supply during the dry period on bone turnover of dairy cows at parturition.

The bone activity and bone mineral content in rib bones resected from 33 dairy cows between 3 and 8 h after parturition were measured, and the effects upon them of a deficient supply of dietary magnesium (Mg) during the last seven weeks of pregnancy were studied. The cows were fed a diet containing either 0.22% magnesium (low Mg) or 0.82% magnesium (high Mg) in the dry matter (DM), and the potassium content of both rations was increased to approximately 4.1% in the DM to reduce the absorption of magnesium. In the cows fed the low-Mg diet a fall in plasma Mg concentration was observed. In the low-Mg, low-parity cows the plasma Mg concentrations at parturition were higher than in the low-Mg, high-parity cows, i.e. 0.83 mmol/l and 0.54 mmol/l, respectively. After parturition four cows in the low-Mg, high-parity group showed clinical signs of hypocalcaemia but none of the other groups did so. The bone formation in low-parity cows was significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by Mg supply, with higher percentages of both trabecular surface covered by osteoid and osteoid volume in the low-Mg group. In the high-parity cows no significant differences in bone formation were found between the low- and high-Mg groups. An inadequate Mg supply resulted in a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher Ca content in the bone ash of low-parity cows and a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher bone ash percentage in the bone of high-parity cows.