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Turbidity threshold sampling: Methods and instrumentation

Traditional methods for determining the frequency of suspended sediment sample collection often rely on measurements, such as water discharge, that are not well correlated to sediment concentration. Stream power is generally not a good predictor of sediment concentration for rivers that transport the bulk of their load as fines, due to the highly variable routing of sediment to the channel from hillslopes, roads, and landslides. A method, such as turbidity threshold sampling, that employs a parameter well correlated to concentration, can improve sampling efficiency by collecting samples that are distributed over a range of rising and falling concentrations. The resulting set of samples can be used to estimate sediment loads by establishing a relationship between concentration and turbidity for any sampled period and applying it to the continuous turbidity data. All river systems, particularly smaller watersheds that respond very quickly to rainfall, benefit from automated data collection.