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A Reliable Depth-Based Routing Protocol with Network Coding for Underwater Sensor Networks

With the rapid development of marine technology, underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are gradually evolving from research to practice in recent years. Practicability and reliability are two major concerns for routing protocols in UWSNs. As localization is not necessary in depth-based routing protocol (DBR), it has an outstanding practicability than other geographic routing protocols. However, the reliability is not well ensured. In this paper, we propose an innovative depth-based routing with network coding improving routing reliability while preserving the intrinsic distributed manner of DBR and introducing little time delay and energy cost. Moreover, a simple analytical performance model where ideal MAC is assumed is proposed to derive the analytical delivery ratio for our DBR-NC and DBR protocols. This analytical model is validated by simulation results. The extensive simulation results show that the proposed DBR-NC protocol outperforms (over 15%) the state of art DBR protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio. We also show that our DBR-NC will not introduce much extra delay and energy consumptions.