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The Importance of Utilizing the Current's Physical Components Power Theory in Nonsinusoidal Power Systems

The current's physical components (CPC) theory establishes the fundamentals of decomposing the current into its physical components. The current in the single-phase circuits with linear time-invariant (LTI) load is decomposed into the active current, reactive current, and scattered current. The well-known active current is associated with permanent energy delivery, and the reactive current is due to the phase shift between the load current and voltage. However, there is another component in the current associated with the change of the load conductance around its nominal value for each order of harmonics, which is called scattered current. In this paper, we first revisit the complex form of Fourier series, a powerful tool for analyzing the nonsinusoidal system, to emphasize its importance in simplifying the nonsinusoidal network analysis. A step-by-step illustrative example then utilizes the complex root mean square (CRMS) values to decompose the current into its physical components. The results show how vital the scattered current is and how neglecting this component results in incorrect apparent power calculations.