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Access and Interconnection

For the purposes of this chapter, and under the European Union’s Access Directive, the term ‘access’ encompasses all kinds of contractual (private law) arrangements under which an operator or service provider acquires services from another operator in order to enable it to deliver services to its own customers. The issues discussed in this chapter relate to the regulated (public law) rights of operators to access each others’ networks and services at a wholesale level, not the rights of end users to access telecommunications services, at a retail level.