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Brighten Addition Facts with Colors and Patterns

Most upper elementary teachers can expect to have some students who have not mastered their basic addition facts and thus have difficulty in applying them. Instruction of basic facts usually consists of having the children write the facts on paper or chalkboard or having the class say the facts in unison. While these types of drill may be effective with tactile or auditory learners, we suspected that they did not provide enough clues for visual learners. As a result, we designed fact cards utilizing color and dot patterns to help students who relied on visual clues. In order to get full benefit from the cards and to help the students generalize to other materials, we designed five sets of cards. Set 1 contains the basic addition fact cards which consist of colored dots, black numerals, and color-outlined boxes. Each fact card carries a color-coded dot pattern and a corresponding black numeral for each of the addends. Each of the numerals one through nine is assigned a particular color and a specific dot pattern. The dot patterns are modeled after dominoes, with each addend being half of the domino. The dot pattern for the sum resembles a domino lying horizontally, but