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Hydrothermal dehydration of biomass by superheated steam

Abstract Hydrothermal systems (viz. aqueous solution systems with high temperature (100–374°C) and pressure (0·1–22 MPa) are frequently acknowledged as multi-functional reaction media for various organic and inorganic reactions. This paper presents two typical uses of exhaust superheated steam for hydrothermal dehydration of bamboo and cedar leaves at moderate conditions (<300°C). The active carbon prepared by the dehydration of bamboo and cedar leaves was characterised by scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and adsorption behaviour of heavy metals (e.g. Pb and Cd). The results indicate that the as-prepared active carbon from bamboo had a higher absorption ability than the commercial activated carbon formed by heating biomass at 800°C. Moreover, the as-prepared carbon from cedar leaves expressed a much better adsorption of Pb than the commercial carbon products. Therefore, this demonstrates great potential of disposed exhaust stream up to 300°C in the uses of the hydration of the biomass to produce high-performance active carbon products.