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Signal-to-noise characteristics of graphene photodetectors based on photothermoelectric effect

A sensor using the photothermoelectric effect of graphene is anticipated as a candidate for infrared sensors that can operate at room temperature with fast response and high sensitivity. We investigate photothermoelectric detection and the signal-to-noise characteristics of a sensor with a simple metal–graphene–metal structure numerically and analytically and obtain an analytical expression giving the ideal value of specific detectivity D ∗ for a sensor having an ideal potential distribution. It is found that the optimal sensor length is approximately three times longer than the cooling length and that the value of D ∗ for such a sensor with typical cooling length is estimated to be as large as 106  cm Hz / W. The sensor performance can be greatly enhanced by employing light-confining structures such as cavities and plasmon antennas, achieving D ∗ above 108  cm Hz / W.