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Phytoremediation of trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride: Results from bench to field

Remediation of contaminated sites using plants, or phytoremediation, is one of the most promising new technologies for remediation.As with any new technology, solid data concerning the efficacy of this method needs to be produced before commercial groups are willing to implement the technology. This work shows that axenic poplar cell cultures produced from hybrid poplar H-11-11 (Populous trichocarpa x P. deltoides) are capable of independently oxidizing trichloroethylene (TCE) to expected metabolites. It also demonstrates that young rooted cuttings, when placed in metabolic chambers or grown under greenhouse conditions, are capable of taking up and transpiring TCE. Further tests include a pilot-scale remediation project simulating what would be seen on a contaminated site. After one year of exposure to TCE, the data shows that hybrid poplars were able to extract significant amounts of TCE from the water stream. Additionally, at dose concentrations up to 50 ppm, there is no apparent effect on the above ground growth of the trees. Continued use of bench and pilot-scale facilities will allow the testing of different species of plants challenged with a wide range of chemicals.