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Exploring the Use of the Human-artifact Model for Studying Ubiquitous Interactions

This paper explores the use of the Human-Artifact Model, an Activity Theoretical HCI analytical tool, for describing the types of activities observed, the types of artifacts used, their roles in the activities, motivations for using those artifacts, and the possible tensions that occur during use based on the findings of a recently conducted ethnographic study in 5 Estonian schools with advanced technology usage. The contribution of this work is in informing interaction designers of the potential approaches that can be employed for understanding the context of use of digital artifacts, illustrating how a data collection and analysis procedure can be carried out with the use of the model, and describing what can be the potential outcomes of such analysis. Finally, this work provides a discussion of some of the issues that need to be considered when studying ubiquitous interactions.