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A New Testimonium on Diogenes of Apollonia, with Remarks on Melissus’ Cosmology

In the course of Praeparatio Evangelica I, Eusebius undertakes an examination of the Greek philosophers’ views on the formation of the cosmos to determine whether Christians are right to reject them. He criticizes the cosmogonies of the early Greek natural philosophers for failing to give a proper role to God the creator and for thus making the ordered arrangement of the cosmos a chance and spontaneous occurrence without proper cause (PE 1.7.16, 1.8.13; cf. 14.14.7). As proof of this failure, and of the general disagreement among the philosophers in question, he presents a lengthy extract from the Pseudo-Plutarchean Stromateis (PE 1.8.1–12 = DG 579–83).1 The extract treats in succession the opinions of Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Xenophanes, Parmenides, Zeno of Elea, Democritus, Epicurus, Aristippus, Empedocles, Metrodorus of Chios, and Diogenes of Apollonia regarding the composition of the universe and the formation of the cosmos. The account of Metrodorus’ views at PE 1.8.11 (Metrod.Chius 70A4 DK) is as follows:2