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Localized Humoral Immunity with Particular Reference to Ruminants

Intense interest in the importance of local itnmunity as a distinct part of the body's immune system has developed in the last decade. However, isolated reports in the older literature clearly established the concept of local as distinct from humoral immunity. Work conducted early in this century quite convincingly demonstrated that oral administration of killed or living cultures of Shigella elicited specific intestinal resistance to infection, whereas systemic immunity was virtually absent (Davies 1922, Besredka 1927). The important studies of Burrows and his colleagues (Burrows et al. 1947, Burrows & Havens 1948) who worked with Vibrio cholerae in guinea pigs emphasized the separation of the local and humoral immune systems and demonstrated that resistance to oral challenge with living Vibrio cholerae organisms was correlated with levels of copro-antibody. Thus for the first time attention was drawn to the association between protection and the level of local antibody. Other studies on the genital tract and mammary gland also suggested that a separate local immune system existed in these tissues although the evidence, especially with regard to the mammary gland, was equivocal.