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Developmental Patterns of the Face in Perinatal Primates: A Micro‐CT and Histology Study

With micro‐computed tomography (µCT), it is possible to investigate the intricate features of internal skeletal anatomy. Here, we compare µCT images to histological preparations of the same specimens to identify form and biological properties of perinatal facial bones and teeth. Twelve perinatal nonhuman primates were µCT scanned at 70 kVp/ 114 µA at a resolution of 20.5 voxels, followed by histological preparation. For scans, grayscale intensity was converted to hydroxyapatite (HA) density (mg HA/cm3) using a linear conversion of grayscale values to calibration standards of known HA density (R2=0.99). A µCT image threshold range at which the greatest detail of skeletal anatomy could be visualized was established, with surface detail best reconstructed at the upper limit and internal structures better seen at the lower limit of this range. These differences may relate to growth patterns (e.g., outward drift of alveolar bone in the maxilla). In lemurs and bushbabies, smaller species have the most highly mineralized teeth. Preliminary data suggest monkeys depart from this pattern. Results, based on combined use of CT and histology, indicate different developmental patterns between higher primate clades. Funding: NSF BCS‐1231717, BCS‐1231350, BCS‐0959438.