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Intravenous Tamm-Horsfall protein polyps: report of a case in association with a hematoma that mimicked a renal neoplasm.

Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is a glycoprotein produced only in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Its primary physiological function is unknown, but it may have a role in host defense against infectious organisms. THP is the primary scaffolding protein in all varieties of tubular casts. Under certain conditions, THP may be extruded from tubular lumens into the interstitium and lymphatic channels. It even may be found within lymph nodes sampled for staging of neoplastic conditions. THP deposits were described in lumens of large veins. The pathogenetic basis of this finding is not known, but obstruction of renal outflow was suggested, and several cases were associated with macroscopic hematuria. We report a case of intravenous THP polyposis in which, in addition to abundant hemorrhage, there was formation of a hematoma. This measured 12 cm in diameter and caused clinical concern for the possibility of renal cell carcinoma. Although the cause of the hematoma was not apparent, the association with striking intravenous polyps of THP is noteworthy because this represents the first association of intravenous THP polyps with a large intraparenchymal hematoma.