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Exploring the Electrophysiological Correlates of Encoding Retractions of Misinformation

A plethora of behavioural research has suggested that the successful encoding of retracting information is required to minimise the lingering effects of misinformation. However, neuroscientific research in this area is much scarcer. Participants (n = 34) completed a typical continued-influence misinformation paradigm whilst electroencephalographic data were recorded. Two event-related potential (ERP) components associated with memory encoding and updating (a left-frontal positivity and the parietal P3b) were examined when participants processed misinformation retractions in comparison to when no misinformation was presented. Neither frequentist nor Bayesian analyses found differences between ERP amplitudes elicited by retractions and non-retractions. It is plausible that misinformation removal and the integration of corrective information are not temporally reliable across trials, resulting in suppressed amplitude in the ERP. Nonetheless, the high temporal resolution of ERPs may still be able to provide an informative perspective on the neural processes of misinformation processing in future research.