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Serological screening for celiac disease in a northern Italian child and adolescent population after the onset of type 1 diabetes: a retrospective longitudinal study of a 7-year period

Aim To evaluate the temporal trend and extent of screening for celiac disease in an Italian pediatric population of incident type 1 diabetes in the period 2006–2011, providing information on adherence to guidelines in primary care. Methods Using the Lombardy region’s administrative database, 1–17-year-old children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during the 2006–2011 period were identified. Among these patients, the number screened for celiac disease was calculated on the basis of specific antibodies. Results Of the 1563 children and adolescents receiving a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes during the observational period, 53% were tested for celiac disease compared with 12% of individuals without diabetes. The extent to which screening was performed increased two-fold from the 2006–2008 to the 2009–2011 period (P<0.0001). Among the screened population, 1.8 of the non-type 1 diabetes population and 9.4% of the new cases of type 1 diabetes received a diagnosis of celiac disease (90% after type1 diabetes diagnosis and 10% before). Being female and less than 4 years old were factors associated with an increased risk of receiving both diagnoses. Conclusion In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which celiac disease screening is measured in a type 1 diabetes population from the time of diagnosis up to at least 12 months afterwards. The results provide evidence that, although the rate of screening increased over time, nearly half of children with type 1 diabetes were not screened after diagnosis during the observed period, suggesting scarce adherence to guidelines in primary care.