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Cage-like CoSe2@N-doped Carbon Aerogels with Pseudocapacitive Properties as Advanced Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries with Excellent Rate Performance and Cyclic Stability.

Electrochemical conversion reaction based electrodes offer a high sodium storage capacity in rechargeable batteries by utilizing the variable valence states of transition metal. Thus, transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) as such a material has been intensively investigated in recent years to explore the possibilities of practical application in rechargeable sodium ion batteries; however, it is hindered by poor rate performance and high-cost preparation method. In addition, some issues in regards to conversion reactions remain poorly understood, including incomplete reversible reaction processes, polarization, and hysteresis. Herein, a novel cage-like CoSe2@N-doped carbon aerogels hybrid composite was designed and prepared by a facile and high-efficiency, sol-gel technology. Benefiting from the surface engineer optimization, highly charge transfer and low energy diffusion barrier, the CoSe2@N-doped carbon aerogels exhibit a high pseudocapacitive property. Most importantly, CoSe2 anode has been carefully investigated at different discharge/charge states by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy technologies and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, which deeply reveals the capacity fading mechanism and phase transition behavior.