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INTRANSITIVE-TRANSITIVE PHRASE PAIRS IN JAPANESE

This paper is an attempt to characterize prototypical intransitivity and prototypical transitivity by means of analysis of intransitive-transitive phrase pairs such as Taroo wa koe ga kareta/koe o karasita Taro got hoarse' and Hanako wa hanaziga detajhanazi o dasita 'Hanako got a nosebleed'. The first type of expression is a prototypical intransitive so far as satisfying the requirement for a spontaneous meaning, but cannot be a prototypical intransitive because of the requirement for two arguments. The second type of expression is a prototypical transitive in that it follows the phrase structure NP wa (go) NP ο Verbal, but cannot be a prototypical transitive due to a spontaneous meaning. We propose to deal with the indeterminate syntactic and semantic properties in terms of prototype, and assert that these phrase pairs are located on fuzzy borders between the intransitive and transitive spheres. We also propose that a prototypical transitive should require not only two arguments, and an intentional reading but also two independent entities to refer to the two arguments. It is hoped that this paper will give some implications for the theory of prototype and transitivity study.