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EFFECT OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION ON CUTTING FORCES AND SURFACE FINISH IN DUCTILE CUTTING OF KDP CRYSTALS

In order to investigate the influence of material anisotropy in ductile cutting of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) crystals, experiments of face cutting of (001) plane of KDP crystals are carried out by using an ultra-precision lathe with a single point diamond tool. The cutting forces, surface finish, and surface roughness in all crystallographic orientations of the machined surface are measured, and a power spectrum analysis method is used to reveal the cutting force patterns. The experimental results show that the cutting forces and surface roughness vary greatly with different crystallographic orientations of KDP crystal, and that amplitude variation of cutting forces and surface finish is closely related with the cutting parameter of the maximum undeformed chip thickness. With the maximum undeformed chip thickness below 30 nm, the amplitude variation of cutting force and surface finish is minimized, and a super-smooth surface with consistent surface finish in all the crystallographic orientations can be achieved. The surface roughness is 2.698 nm (Ra) measured by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). These findings provide criteria for achieving a large-scale KDP crystal with consistent super-smooth surface using ductile cutting technology.