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On Measuring the Economic Subsidy of Export Sales Financing

Concessionary export sales financing has been increasingly used by many countries in recent years as one of the most powerful policy instruments in supporting national export expansion. The member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have agreed on three different minimum concessionary financing rates that can be provided in financial packages to export customers, based on the degree of prosperity of individual customer countries. In Canada, the Export Development Corporation (EDC) has since 1969 been providing export credits insurance and concessionary export financing to support potential export sales.1 Exports receiving such support so far have included telecommunications equipment, nuclear equipment and service, rapid mass transit system design, procurement and construction, aircraft, railway rolling stock, ships, and various categories of capital goods. A breakdown of EDC financing by industrial sector for the years 1980 through 1984 is shown in table 1. As indicated, the sector composition of this financing has varied considerably over these years. For example, while the general manufacturing category has declined from approximately one third of EDC financing outlays in 1980 to less than 1% in 1984, machinery has increased from just over 4% of the total to more than 40% over the same time period. Meanwhile, the engineering and services category has fluctuated from 1.3% of the total in 1980 to more than 50% in 1983 and back to 1.3% in 1984. Table 2 displays the distribution of EDC export sales financing assistance by main geographical areas. There has been a proportionate shift in such support