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Small Area Variation in the Quality of Maternal and Newborn Care in India

Key Points Question How much do small areas contribute to the geographic variation in quality of maternal and newborn care in India? Findings In this cross-sectional study including 123 257 children, the largest share of geographic variance in maternal and newborn care quality was attributed to small areas in India. The lower the mean composite quality score the districts had, the larger the variation between small areas within the district. Meaning These findings highlight the importance of considering heterogeneity within districts to improve maternal and newborn outcomes in India.