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Toward a Reliability Model of Electric Vehicle Fleet for Power System Adequacy Assessment Considering Repairable AMIs

Plug-in electric vehicle (PEVs) in demand response programs (DRPs) have indicated a great potential to enhance power system reliability by reducing their charging demand. However, PEVs often fail to reduce their load due to some external factor. Herein, an analytical approach for reliability modeling of aggregated PEVs, the so-called electric vehicle fleet (EVF), is presented. A systematic method based upon frequency and duration approach is utilized to model an EVF similar to that of a multi-state conventional unit, where the probability, frequency of occurrence, and departure rate of each state can be acquired. The proposed methodology is capable of considering uncertainty of customer participation in DRPs for both flexible and inflexible PEVs. Interval data, which is the core deliverable of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), is essential for PEVs to participate in DRPs. Thus, the impact of AMI failure is investigated on the implementation of EVFs in reliability assessment. Several important factors such as different penetration level of EVFs are taken into account in the analysis. The hourly historical data is employed to achieve the customers participation regime. The Roy Billiton test system and IEEE 24-bus system are used to trace the capability of proposed EVF reliability model.