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Manufacturing heterojunction based on 2D materials for artificial neural network construction

Artificial neural network is an abstract and simplified computing structure that simulates the neural system of human brain and reflects some characteristics of human brain. Artificial nerve is favored by researchers because of its high efficiency, memory function and fast calculation. Constructing artificial nerve and synapse to simulate biological nerve and synapse puts forward higher requirements for the structure and properties of the required materials. The development and application of synaptic devices made of traditional block materials are limited due to the defects of strong scattering and relatively large space. Due to the characteristics of high carrier mobility, dangling bonding free surface and nanocrystallization of emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials, heterojunctions are widely used in the functional realization experiments of artificial neurons and synapses. The successful application of 2D heterojunction in artificial neural network also has a far-reaching impact on the development of artificial intelligence and intelligent manufacturing. In this review, firstly, the types of 2D materials and the advantages of 2D materials as new materials for constructing artificial neurons and synapses are summarized. Then, the working principles of biological neurons and synapses, artificial neurons and synapses are briefly described, and the applications of heterojunctions based on 2D materials in artificial synapses (neurons) are summarized. Finally, the prospect of 2D material heterojunction in the field of artificial neural research and the possible challenges are analyzed.