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Energy balance of high-pressure sodium discharges under controlled vapour conditions

Measurements have been made of the energy balance of high-pressure sodium arcs in sapphire arc tubes under conditions of: (a) varying power from 200 to 600 W at a constant amalgam temperature of 700 degrees C; (b) varying amalgam temperature from 700 to 800 degrees C at a constant power of 400 W; and (c) varying mercury pressure from 0 to 1050 Torr at a constant power of 400 W and a sodium pressure of 65 Torr. Together with measurements of axis and wall temperatures, these results provide an excellent test of theoretical models. High radiation efficiency is favoured by high input power and mercury rich amalgam. The amalgam temperature hardly affects the radiation efficiency, despite a large change in arc temperature. A number of radiation processes which are individually insignificant contribute approximately=25% of the radiation and need to be included in model calculations. The infrared discharge continuum amounts to only 3-5% of the input power, but its origin remains a mystery.