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Laser welding and cutting: recent insights into fluid-dynamics mechanisms

The paper presents a brief survey of non-stationary hydrodynamic motions of liquid at deep penetration of laser beam into materials or heterogeneous condensed matter in laser materials processing or in laser destruction of biotissues. The physical models are considered of such phenomena as formation of moving liquid “shelves”, mass transfer by the way of droplets formation in evolution of liquid surface hydrodynamic instabilities, turbulent transfer of mass and heat in laser action area. The main goal of the presentation is to outline the “bridges” between the outcomes of fundamental hydrodynamics and the results of investigations in the field of practical laser applications.