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The Threshold Hypothesis Applied to Three Languages in Contact at School

This study was designed to investigate whether the threshold level hypothesis (Cummins, 1976, 1979) could be applied to a three-language-in-contact school situation. The learning of three languages at school is becoming more and more commonplace throughout the world, some cases in Europe being reviewed. One of these three-language-in-contactschoolsituations is that of the Basque Country, a bilingual Community wherein both Basque and Spanish are official languages, and therefore taught at school. English is taught as a foreign language. The sample was made up of 252 students; 126 of them enrolled in Grade 5 (10-11-year-olds) and who were in their second year of learning English at school, and 126 enrolled in Grade 8 (13-14-year-olds) and who were in their third year of learning English at school. The participants completed Basque, English, and Spanish tests, as well as a background questionnaire and Raven's Progressive Matrices Test. The dependant variable was measured via a test of metalinguistic abilitie...