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Analysis of silting and hydrodynamic processes in the degrading floodplain-valley reservoir (on the example of the Krasnodar Reservoir)

Based on the data of bathymetric surveys, topographic maps, and satellite images, the article analyzes sediment deposition processes in the bowl of the floodplain-valley Krasnodar Reservoir in connection with the circulation of water masses. Over the period of operation since 1973, the area of the Krasnodar reservoir decreased by 35 % with a significant decrease in usable volume. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of water circulation — the most important factor in the formation of the siltation body, processing of coasts and distribution of sediments. The average annual siltation of the Krasnodar Reservoir for 2005–2016 estimated at 6.9 mn m. The greatest increase in the thickness of the siltation body (4−8 m or more) was recorded in the estuarine areas of the largest rivers flowing into the reservoir — within the estuary of the Kuban river and the Belaya river delta. In general, the formation of deltas plays a key role in the transformation of the reservoir. The upcoming Kuban delta from 1977–2018 occupied an area of 41.41 km in the water area of the reservoir, and the extension deltas formed by the Belaya river currently have a total area of 25.22 km. The circulation of water masses was studied using an acoustic Doppler profilograph. Bowl transformation mechanisms and sediment deposition features are considered in the aspect of the movement of water masses in connection with the river flow and wind components of the circulation, as well as hydrodynamics at the mouth of the Kuban. It has been established that in the transverse profile in the reservoir there are two multidirectional flows. The main one is the right flow, formed under the influence of the Kuban runoff and the discharge of water from the reservoir, with a direction to the south-west (along the northern coast) and an average speed of 0.04 m/s; the left flow at an average speed of 0.01 m/s is directed east. Flow rates decrease with approach to the circulation axis.