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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Young students' drawings reveal perceptions of mathematics class in Finland and the USA

In this paper we analyse drawings made by students from the U.S. and Finland when asked to draw their mathematics class. This activity was given to students from 8 classes (n = 131, 9–10 years old) in Finland and 5 classes (n = 94, 8–9 years old) in the U.S. Two separate analyses were conducted: an a priori coding of all drawings and an in-depth analysis of 3 drawings from each country. The coding of drawings focused on students’ conceptions about communication and teaching in mathematics. The in-depth analyses captured additional aspects of the class. The results show that the U.S. students have greater self-confidence with respect to knowing/learning mathematics than their Finnish counterparts. In addition, U.S. comments during class were more related to the lesson (teaching), and their teachers gave more feedback. However, little meaningful differences in the overall communication patterns in the Finnish and U.S. classrooms were found.