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Integrative analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA regulatory network involved in EV71 infection.

The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) axis has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of various viral infections. Generally, the ceRNA network involves long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that act as sponges for miRNA to regulate mRNA expression. However, no information is available regarding the involvement of ceRNA networks in Enterovirus type 71 (EV71) infections. In the present study, data obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was analyzed using various bioinformatics tools. EV71 infection in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells was associated with differential expression of six lncRNAs, 28 miRNAs, and 349 mRNAs. Gene function enrichment analysis suggested induction of cytoplasmic vesicle process upon EV71 infection. The ceRNA networks were constructed, in which 20 hub genes were predicted by protein-protein interaction. To confirm the MALAT1/miR-194-5p/DUSP1 ceRNA regulatory axis in EV71 infection, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and luciferase reporter assay were performed. The results of the study also revealed the involvement of the MALAT1/miR-194-5p axis in apoptosis induced by EV71 infection, while no association with autophagy was observed. Thus, the present study provided novel insights into the pathogenic mechanism of EV71 infection.