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Sleep, sedentary activity and weight gain

The modern way of living is characterized by high participation in sedentary activities such as computing, watching television and playing video games. The practice of sedentary activities has been shown to have a negative influence on various indicators of health. Furthermore, the increase in energy intake observed while practicing sedentary activities is not related to increases in appetite or hunger sensations. As opposed to other sedentary activities, sleep may help facilitate the control of appetite and promote the maintenance of a healthy body weight. A U-shaped relationship has been noted between sleep duration and adiposity indicators, suggesting that both short- and long-duration sleepers are more likely to gain weight over time. Recent evidence shows that short-duration sleepers having a high disinhibition eating behavior trait are more at risk of gaining weight over time compared to short-duration sleepers having a low disinhibition eating behavior trait. In summary, it is important to make the distinction between ‘sleep’ and ‘sedentary activities’ when assessing their effects on health-related indicators. While most sedentary activities promote a positive energy balance, which may ultimately lead to weight gain over time, adequate sleep is rather associated with body weight stability and overall health.