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Application of the Two-Fluid Model with Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow in Liquid–Solid Fluidized Beds

Numerical simulation of voidage distributions and bed expansions is carried out in a liquid – solid fluidized bed in the present work. Effects of drag force models as well as virtual mass force and lift force are studied in the prediction of particle flow characteris- tics; simulated results indicated that both virtual mass force and lift force could not be neglected in liquid – solid fluidized bed. Different superficial velocities of liquid phase are also studied to investigate the effects of operating conditions on the distribution of particle concentration and velocities. The coefficient of restitution varied from 0.6 to 0.99, and the effects of radial distribution function models on granular pressure and granular tempera- ture are also studied. Different drag models exhibit various particle velocity distributions, while the Gibilaro drag model failed in predicting the liquid – solid drag to some extent in this study. A comprehensive simulation model was proposed for predicting the two-phase flow characteristics in the liquid – solid fluidized bed. Predicted axial void fraction agrees qualitatively and quantitatively well with the experimental results in the literature.