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Separation of Californium from Actinides and Lanthanides in Aqueous Solution by Electrochemical Formation of Amalgams

The electrochemical reduction of transneptunium Clements (Pu to Cl) and rare earths (Eu, Tm) from aqueous complexing solutions to amalgams was studied over a wide ränge of cathodic Potentials in order to achieve optimal Separation of californium. The reduction in acetate media (pH 4.5—4.6) at potentials around —1.7 to —1.9 V' leads to a quantitative extraction of californium into the mercury phase, while more negative Potentials are required for the reduction of the lighter transuranium Clements and of the lanthanides. Hence, the optimal conditions for the Separation of cahfomium from the investigated actinides and lanthanides were determined. Separation factors a between 25 and 90 were found except in the case of Cf/Eu, where poor values (a varying from 7 to 12) were observed. More negative cathodic potentials decreasc the selectivity of the reduction process. A similar study with lithium citrate solutions (pH ~6) shows that satisfactory Separation of californium from lighter and heavier actinides is achievable. A Separation factor of 88 is obtained for Cf/Am at -1 .98 V. The anodic Stripping of mixed amalgams (Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Tm and Cf) Hg in nitric and acetic acid solutions at potentials ranging from -1-0.1 to —0.7 V proceeds slowly and proved to be ineffective for the Separation of californium from light actinides under conditions described.