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Low chromosome number and post-reductional XO in Gelus californicus (LEC.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Gelus californicus is a unique example, among Curculionoidea, of evolutionary mutation to a post-reductional sex-determining mechanism, autosomal behavior having remained perfectly conventional. It has the lowest reported chromosome number in the superfamily, 2n = 12 + XO, and is the only member known with certainty to lack a y. Ovarial preparations were unsuccessful, but of 11 males examined, 9 carried a minute chromosome, presumably a B, a 10th having two, and the 11th, two or four B's in different nuclei. B's are also post-reductional. The X and B only occasionally associate physically at metaphase I, but are more narrowly distributed than expected of non-homologous markers. This spatial association persists until early anaphase II, which finds both elements lagging on the equator. Persistent ectopic association apparently distorts segregation ratios, as the X and B were at the same pole in 17 of 21 late A II plates examined. The A II behavior of these elements effectively rules out an X + y or XO xo ♀...