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Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in the Presence of a Tropospheric Duct Above a Sea Surface with Periodicity

Electromagnetic wave propagation at the microwave region, when a weakly disturbed sea surface is covered with a tropospheric duct, is analyzed theoretically and studied experimentally. A layered medium field solution using a perturbative approach to account for the reflection on the sea surface is used while reasonable approximations are used to compute the “channel response” of the tropospheric medium. Numerical results are computed for several cases of propagation media which show qualitative match to experimental measurements. Finally, the developed “channel response” model is utilized to extract valuable conclusions on the effects of environmental parameters to the detection performance of L and S band surveillance radars operating under anomalous propagation conditions.