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Diel Vertical migration of marine organisms and the biological carbon pump

Diel Vertical Migration (DVM) is a key feature of pelagic and mesopelagic ecosystems, mainly driven by predator-prey interactions along a time-varying vertical gradient of light. Marine organisms including meso-zooplankton and fish typically hide from visual predators at depth during daytime and migrate up at dusk to feed in productive near-surface waters during nighttime. Specific migration patterns, however, vary tremendously, for instance in terms of residency depth during day and night. In addition to environmental parameters such as light intensity and oxygen concentration, the migration pattern of each organism is intrinsically linked to the patterns of its conspecifics, its prey, and its predators through feedbacks that are hard to understand—but important to consider.