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Probiotics and periodontal disease

Probiotics are live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits to the host. Lactobacillus acidophilus was the first probiotic species. Elie Metchnikoff reported fermented dairy products to have beneficial properties. Probiotics have been used in combination with prebiotics to produce synbiotics. Probiotics have been widely used in the medical field to combat various diseases. Probiotics have been found to be helpful in periodontal tissue destruction by altering the host defense mechanism and inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines that can mediate tissue destruction. Probiotics have been demonstrated to produce high ecological pH and have inhibitory effect on volatile sulfur compounds that help to control halitosis. The concept of guided tissue recolonization has emphasized the increased use of probiotics in periodontal management. Although probiotics also include side effects, further longitudinal studies are required to provide substantial data on the use of probiotics.