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Democratization and Political Parties

The adaptation theme is a strong feature of Chapter 5, which examines the old idea that democracy is unworkable without political parties, and that an institutionalized party system is a prerequisite for a stable democracy. Some small states have institutionalized party systems and others do not. We find that, with few exceptions, the qualitative experience of countries without robust party systems is not decisively different in those small states that do have strong parties as, in all cases, personalized rather than programmatic representation is the norm. The conclusion is therefore that political parties and party systems are not decisive to the democratization prospects of small states.