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The Jade Age Revisited, ca. 3500–2000 bce

Late Neolithic–period China went through what I have identified is a Jade Age, from ca. 3500–2000 bce. The era involved three key successive yet overlapping chronological cultures, including the Hongshan of the northeast, Liangzhu of the southeast, and Longshan of greater China. Jade was the material par excellence that was exploited as a symbol of economic, social, and religious power. Exploiting jade and its concomitant symbols stimulated advances that led to the flowering of civilization and China’s earliest dynasties. This chapter explores how, in contrast to other late Neolithic cultures, jade-working cultures achieved advances in socio-political life.