{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.0070921985815602835, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 6.239316239316239, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Monolithic silicon optoelectronic devices for protein and DNA detection

A new class of miniaturized monolithic silicon optoelectronic transducers properly functionalized to biosensors is outlined. The devices are based on biofunctionalized optocoupler arrays made on silicon by employing mainstream silicon integrated circuit technology. The optocouplers consist of silicon avalanche diodes operating as light emitting devices self aligned to thin silicon nitride waveguides and silicon detectors. Bioanalytical results that demonstrate the efficiency of the device are provided and include protein and DNA detection. Label free determinations are also demonstrated. The optical microdevices are suitable for multianalyte portable bioanalytical microsystems and present unique advantages due to their monolithic optical detection and small size.