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Heavy metal stress reduction in sunflower by biocompost application to contaminated soil.

Growth chamber pot experiment was set up to study how biowaste compost can reduce the metal mobility in a contaminated soil. The contaminated fulvisol (Cd-10.7; Cu-332; Pb-792, Zn-1906 mg kg in aqua regia extract) originating from Gyongyosoroszi was mixed with 10% (m m) of biowaste compost. After 5 weeks of plant growth the metal concentrations were determined in mobile fractions of contaminated soil, and in plant organs of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. NK Neoma). It was found that biowaste compost application significantly reduced the “mobile” and “water soluble” Cd concentrations in soil by 29 and 45%. In case of Cu and Pb the “plant available” concentrations were reduced by 11-11%, while in “mobile” fraction 28 and 25% reduction was detected. The zinc content in “plant available”, “mobile” and “water soluble” fractions of contaminated soil were reduced by 16, 20, and 40% respectively. In shoots of sunflower grown in biowaste compost stabilized soil 25% less Cd and 35% less Zn was found. Since the heavy metal stress was considerable reduced, shoot yield was 2.8 times higher in stabilized than in not stabilized soil.