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The effect of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor on myeloid cells and its clinical applications

Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is a naturally occurring growth factor produced by several cell types in response to a variety of stimuli. GM‐CSF has potent stimulatory effects on the growth and maturation of hematopoietic cells and has profound effects on mature circulating effector cells. Clinical applications of GM‐CSF include ameliorating chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia and enhancing hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation. This review evaluates the effect of GM‐CSF on myeloid cells and its clinical applications.