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Ampelometric and Ampelographic Characterization of Leaves of Indigenous “Vitis vinifera ssp. Vinifera” in the North of Morocco †

Morocco, with its Mediterranean climate and its various potentialities, conceals an important space for the extension of viticulture in particular that of traditional grape varieties, which has undergone profound upheavals linked to economic, social and environmental constraints, which have had a negative impact on genetic diversity. The present study aimed to evaluating the richness of the local phylogenetic heritage of the traditional vine in the North-West of Morocco. For this, we carried out a characterization of a collection of 1617 leaves, taken from 162 vine plants and belonging to 27 different traditional varieties. Thereafter, we use an ampelometric and ampelographic approach with the SUPER AMPELO software. The ANOVA test revealed the most discriminating parameters, that is the angles, the depth of the lateral sinuses in relation to the lengths of the ribs and the relationships between all the parameters. In this sense, the qualitative parameters (OIV Codes) confirmed the presence of morphological diversity within the grape varieties studied, the study of general averages made it possible to specify the varieties with the large values of distance/angles and of ratio and we have shown the presence of a great intra-varietal diversity in addition to that which is inter-varietal. The analysis in principal components allowed to grouping the grape varieties in 5 groups according to their expressions by the quantitative parameters and it confirmed the hypothesis of the influence of the external environment in addition to the gene pool on the grape varieties. This leads us to provide more efforts to maintain inter and intra-varietal variability and to fight against genetic erosion and the threat of changes environmental.