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Sowing the Seeds of Change: Chinese Students, Japanese Teachers, 1895–1905 . By Paula Harrell. [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992. 289 pp. $39.50. ISBN 0–8047–1985–3.]

This is a study of late Qing Chinese students who went to Japan at a time when China was in the throes of reform and rapid change. It is a tight-knit story spanning ten years (1895-1905) told chronologically in nine chapters. The Introduction sets out the factors responsible for the Chinese students' going to Japan and describes the changing socio-political environment in China which made the study-in-Japan programme possible. Chapter One looks at Sino-Japanese relations in the decades prior to 1895 against the background of Western intrusion in East Asia which induced the two countries to come together in a co-operative effort over the programme. Chapter Two examines the attitudes of middle-level Chinese officials who saw Japan as a development model in education . and training but were rarely optimistic about a closer political partnership. Chapter Three gives a profile of the students in Japan: their socio-economic and educational background and the experience and interaction of the individual student with the Japanese. Chapters Four to Eight discuss the students in action, organizing protests against the Chinese and Japanese authorities in the 1902-1905 period. Chapter Nine explores the thinking and mentality of the students as revealed in their writings. The Epilogue assesses the significance of the study-in-Japan programme for the 1911 revolution and the developments in SinoJapanese relations in the following decades.