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Apolipoprotein A‐I, Cyclodextrins and Liposomes as Potential Drugs for the Reversal of Atherosclerosis. A Review

Several studies have revealed that high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) is the most reliable predictor for susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. Since apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) is the major protein of HDL, it is worthwhile evaluating the potential of this protein to reduce the lipid burden of lesions observed in the clinic. Indeed, apoA‐I is used extensively in cell culture to induce cholesterol efflux. However, while there is a large body of data emanating from in‐vitro and cell‐culture studies with apoA‐I, little animal data and scant clinical trials examining the potential of this apolipoprotein to induce cholesterol (and other lipid) efflux exists. Importantly, the effects of oxysterols, such as 7‐ketocholesterol (7KC), on cholesterol and other lipid efflux by apoA‐I needs to be investigated in any attempt to utilise apoA‐I as an agent to stimulate efflux of lipids.