{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.011535048802129548, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0008873114463176575, 'mean_word_length': 5.5964912280701755, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Study of Underwater Contact Angles for Formulation of Fatliquoring Emulsions Using Green Surfactants

Abstract Contact angles of pure water, partially sulphated groundnut oil and different surfactant solutions on glass, Stainless Steel, Teflon and different other polymer surfaces have been measured. The contact angles of oil on various surfaces underwater and under different surfactant solutions were also measured. These two contact angles have been found to be linearly related with a slope close to 1. However, the underwater contact angles have been found to deviate significantly from the prediction based on Young's equations which have been attributed to the possible modifications of the surfaces underwater due to adsorption of surfactants. Based on the observed oil underwater contact angles, comparative efficiencies of fatliquoring have been obtained. Weight gain measurements in various fatliquoring solutions containing surfactants and oil have been carried out with the wet blue leather samples. The results show that the contact angle of oil underwater correlates well with the efficiency of leather wetting.