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Clinical, ultrasonographic, and biochemical correlates of polycystic ovarian syndrome: A case–control study from a Tertiary Care Center in North India

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy typified by oligo-ovulation or anovulation, signs of androgen excess, and multiple small ovarian cysts. Materials and Methods: The study participants included fifty clinically diagnosed PCOS patients (diagnosed using according to the Rotterdam criteria) and twenty group-matched healthy female attendants of these patients. All controls had self-reported spontaneous regular menstrual cycles and no history of sub/infertility. Results: The mean fasting blood sugar levels in the study group of PCOS patients were 79.92 ± 8.55 mg%, the mean body mass index was 26.54 ± 5.14 kg/m2, and mean luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in the study group and control group were 10.46 ± 3.02 mlU/ml and 5.89 ± 2.12 mlU/ml, respectively. The mean difference between two groups was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean LH-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio in the study group was 1.97 ± 0.83, and in control group, it was 1.17 ± 0.37. The mean LH-FSH ratio was higher in study group than in control group and this difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean thyroid-stimulating hormone in study group was 2.42 ± 0.99 μIU/ml, and in control group, it was 2.48 ± 0.72 μIU/ml. The difference between them was found to be statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.811). Thirty-six patients, i.e., 72% cases were found to be positive for polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography, while in control group, all women had normal ovaries. Conclusions: The possible pathophysiological mechanism of ovarian cyst formation in patients with PCOS is immune mediated and possibly similar to subclinical hypothyroidism.