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Markers of insulin resistance and their performance in adult Nigerians with metabolic syndrome

Background: Insulin resistance (IR), which is a state of deficient response to normal insulin levels, is associated with metabolic abnormalities of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, obesity, and hypertension, parameters which define metabolic syndrome (MS). Markers of IR could be useful tools to predict MS. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the performance of surrogate markers of IR in predicting MS in nondiabetic adult Nigerians. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in Lagos, Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and forty-one apparently healthy adult Nigerians aged between 40 and 80 years were consecutively recruited. MS was defined according to the harmonized MS criteria. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and fasting blood samples were collected for analysis. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistical package. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean values of Homeostatic Model for Insulin Assessment-IR (HOMA-IR), HOMA-beta cell (HOMA-B), and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), but not fasting glucose-insulin ratio (FGIR), significantly distinguished individuals with and without MS components (P = 0.0001). HOMA-IR and QUICKI, but not HOMA-B and FGIR, had significant correlations with the components of MS (P = 0.041). QUICKI had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting MS, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 40%, at a cutoff value of 0.324 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: QUICKI performed better than HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, and FGIR in predicting MS in apparently healthy adult Nigerians.