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Assessment of soil fertility status with depth in wheat growing highlands of Southeast Ethiopia.

2 Abstract: A study to examine soil fertility status was conducted in the highlands of Southeast Ethiopia situated within latitude 07° 07' N and longitude 40° 10' E at altitude 2200 m to 2400 m above sea level. Twenty five farmers who are knowledgeable about soils of the area are purposively selected to provide insight into different soil fertility management practices. Local methods used to identify different soils and to assess the fertility status. Farmers used soil color, texture, water holding capacity, fertilizer requirement (inherent fertility) and workability as a criteria to identify different soil types. However, soil color and texture were commonly used by farmers to describe soil quality. Farmers preferred black and clay soils to white and sandy soils due to their high water holding capacity and inherent fertility. Besides, soil samples were randomly collected from the farmer's field under continuous cereal production systems. The study made up thirty-two sites and each site covered 400m sampling area. Composite samples of surface and subsurface soils were collected using special auger 2