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The Dependency Thesis applied to Kenya

political openings were appearing at the centre, local leaders were able to gain positions in the institutions of local government, the councils and District administrations (renamed African Local Governments), which are here described in some detail. These institutions provided an arena where it was possible for local gladiators to take on the imperial lion with some hope of success. Thus the campaigns to usurp the chiefs' role as recognized spokesmen for the community, to make the District Councils responsible for the appointment of chiefs and to fill the top positions in the Councils and the African Local Governments by election, all of which were common to both districts, can be interpreted as anticolonial and nationalist in inspiration. In West Nile District, Acholi's neighbour to the west, many of the same issues were being fought out in the District Council, though the fact that this took place without the benefit of overt party political activity before 1960-1 suggests that the branch parties elsewhere may have played a less central role in district politics than is argued in this study.