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Characterization of Acid–Base Interactions Using Interface-Sensitive Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

Interfacial interactions govern a number of macroscopic behaviors including adsorption and self-assembly. Acid-base interactions have been previously shown to comprise a significant portion of the interaction strength for polar liquids in contact with high-energy solids. Previous studies using interface-sensitive sum frequency generation spectroscopy connected the frequency shift of sapphire surface hydroxyl groups in contact with liquids to the independently-determined Drago-Wayland acid-base parameters. However, limitations in liquid selection and in data analysis prevented broad application of the approach for characterizing interfacial acid-base interactions. In this work, we address these limitations through a more comprehensive liquid selection process and a more thorough analysis procedure, for example, by accounting for the van der Waals effect on frequency shift. The frequency shift of sapphire surface hydroxyl groups correlates with the Drago-Wayland acid-base parameters, highlighting the connec...