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In-situ assaying of materials using laser analytical spectroscopy

In recent years laser spectroscopy has been gaining wider acceptance and use for analytical purposes, both in the laboratory and for practical applications. This is due to the improved technology of laser sources and detectors which have become reliable in operation, small in size and affordable in price. A few practical applications of spectroscopic methods are discussed for real-time, in-situ and remote analysis. Examples include the techniques of laser- induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), and laser-enhanced ionization (LEI).