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Optimal composition of characteristic modes for minimal quality factor Q

This work describes an efficient and powerful technique to obtain optimal currents with respect to the lower bounds of quality factor Q for an arbitrarily shaped electrically small antenna made of perfect conductor. The resulting optimal currents are expressed in terms of characteristic mode basis with the minimum always being obtained by either one mode tuned to the resonance, or, by properly combining two modes. The calculation of the stored electromagnetic energy is based on matrix representation of the integro-differential expressions derived by Vandenbosch, an approach which simplifies the entire development resulting in an uncomplicated numerical evaluation.