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Gender in Dutch/Portuguesecodeswitching


 This study focuses on unveiling the strategies involved in gender assignment in codeswitching between two
 gendered languages: Dutch (common/neuter gender) and Portuguese (masculine/feminine gender). We draw on naturalistic speech
 (n = 32 speakers), elicited production (n = 35) as well as intuitional data
 (n = 57) from Dutch/Portuguese bilinguals stemming from three communities in Paraná, Southern Brazil, aiming
 to disentangle the relative roles of linguistic and extralinguistic factors on gender assignment. In unilingual Dutch, we find
 that Dutch/Portuguese bilinguals overgeneralize common determiners and adjectives to neuter nouns, similarly to other Dutch
 bilinguals outside the Netherlands (Clyne 1977; Clyne and Pauwels 2013; Folmer 1991; Giesbers 1997). In codeswitched
 constructions, however, speakers assign common and masculine gender as defaults, in line with the prediction that speakers of
 language pairs with no gender values in common prefer gender defaulting in mixed constructions (Klassen 2016). While extralinguistic factors such as age and relative use of the languages shaped
 unilingual Dutch production, the patterns during codeswitching were conventionalized across the speaker sample.