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MS1521 gene is required for anther development of Arabidopsis thaliana.

This paper described the functional analyses of the MS1521 gene in anther development by using three Arabidopsis male sterile mutants (ms1521,st350 and st454). Mutant ms1521 was generated by ethyl-methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis treatment. Genetic analysis showed that ms1521 mutant was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. A map-based cloning approach was used,and MS1521 was mapped to a region of 26 kb on chromosome 1 which contained a floral-organ identity gene UFO. Sequence analysis revealed that ms1521 had an AAC-GAC base-pair change in the UFO coding region,which resulted in the replacement of an Asn by an Asp residue in the C-terminal region. The other two mutants,st350 and st454 with same phenotypes of ms1521,were identified from a T-DNA insertion mutant population. Direct sequence analyses showed that both mutants had a pre-mature stop codon in the UFO coding region. Allelism tests indicated that ST350,ST454 and MS1521 belonged to the same locus. These three mutants grew normally during the vegetative growth stage,but showed developmental defects at the reproductive growth stage:some stamens failed to develop anther,while others had normal anthers but their filaments were shorter than that of the wild type and others with normal stamens but failed in anther dehiscence. All the defects described above leaded to the sterile phenotype. Further cytological observations showed that the mutant anthers lacked of cell wall fiberization and secondary thickening in the endothecium which was required for anther dehiscence. These results indicated that MS1521 gene played an important role in Arabidopsis anther development.