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Articulation Rules For Automatic Music Performance

Rules for legato, staccato, and repeated notes articulation in automatic piano performance are presented. These rules were obtained applying the analysis-by-measurement method to performances of Mozart piano sonatas on MIDIfied acoustic grand pianos. The effects produced by the rules vary with tempo indications, with expressive intentions and with musical context. The articulation rules are part of the Director Musices system for automatic music performance. It has been demonstrated that proper setting of the articulation rules enables more realistic automatic performances that can also differ in emotional expression. These rules are also being applied in control models for sound synthesis algorithms.