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Cities, environmental stressors, ageing and chronic disease

Clearly, in order to plan, design and develop a more liveable city for older people that can reduce the chronic disease burden, a wide range of social, economic and environmental needs must be satisfied. The publication of articles regarding environmental stressors and ageing is important as many nations have launched projects seeking to monitor and disseminate better information regarding risks posed to older adults by environmental exposures. Older adults are more vulnerable than younger ones, both because of biological issues associated with impaired healing responses and as a result of accumulating toxins via exposure across large blocks of time if not the entire life course [1]. So the empirical finding by Black et al. [2], which identified ‘that older long-term Australian urban residents are more likely to have a noninfectious chronic disease, which may be associated with environmental exposure, than those living in rural locations’, is timely if not a little alarming.