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Sleep apnoea and systemic hypertension.

This review divides the lines of argument and evidence into five parts: 1) How does obstructive sleep apnoea raise systemic blood pressure acutely? 2) Does obstructive sleep apnoea really raise diurnal systemic blood pressure in the long term and increase cardiovascular complications? 3) What is the evidence that an important proportion of patients with essential hypertension have appreciable sleep apnoea? 4) What is the epidemiological evidence that snoring is an independent risk factor for systemic hypertension and cardiovascular events? 5) What evidence do we need to establish whether snoring and sleep apnoea are important and underdiagnosed causes of essential hypertension or cardiovascular events?