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Intelligent Device for Measuring Distance to Point of Damage to Power Lines

The article provides a functional block diagram of the reflectometer for power lines with automatic correction of methodical error. The principle of operation of the device is based on the location method for determining the distance to the damage site: probing pulse signals are sent to the test line and signals reflected from the damage site are received, and then the distance to the damage site is determined by the time delay of the reflected pulses relative to the probe. The speed of propagation of a pulse in a line depends on external factors and the design of the power line. This dependence is unstable, which is the cause of the methodological error of the reflectometer. The phase velocity of the signal is taken into account on the basis of experience approximately, and the error in setting the signal speed is an order of magnitude greater than the instrumental error of the instrument. The proposed reflectometer consists of an automatic phase velocity correction block that contains sensors for climatic factors: a wire temperature sensor, an air temperature sensor, an air dielectric constant sensor, a ground resistivity sensor, and an information processing unit that calculates corrective corrections for the phase velocity. The implementation of the amendment can be performed through a shortening sensor, i.e. with minimal interference in the design of the reflectometer, which can significantly improve the accuracy of measuring the distance to the point of damage to the transmission line due to the high-speed automatic correction of the pulse speed using appropriate sensors for measuring external factors and the microcontroller.