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How to Face Skin Cancer with Nanomaterials: A Review

Nanotechnology is one of the most attractive disciplines ranging from materials science to biomedicine. It is one of the most prominent areas of research for targeting skin melanoma and other diseases. The application of nanomaterials in the field of skin has increased interest in topical targeting to increase the permeation and retention and reduce its side effects. Different types of nanomaterials have been used for the application of skin diseases and cancer. These nanomaterials include carbon-nanotubes, liposomes, nanoemulsion, nano micelles, etc. In the United States and globally, the prevalence of melanoma has had a growing rise throughout the last 50 years. This review seeks to discuss various types of treatment and diagnosis of early-stage skin cancer. There are many skin cancer biomarkers for early detection of this type of cancer. Diagnosis of skin cancer forms a way of traditional approaches, and their weaknesses are discussed. Electrochemical and optical biosensors for the diagnosis and monitoring of skin cancer are also was described. After all, some issues should be addressed and overcome regarding the competition of new techniques in cost and convenience of use.