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Scope of the Book

Today’s energy and transport system, which is based mainly on fossil fuels, can in no way be evaluated as sustainable. In the light of the projected increase of global energy demand, concerns over energy supply security, climate change, local air pollution and increasing prices of energy services are having a growing impact on policy making throughout the world. At present, oil, with a share of more than one third in the global primary energy mix, is still the largest primary fuel and covers more than 95% of the energy demand in the transport sector. With continued growth of the world’s population and industrialisation of developing nations, such as China and India, accompanied by an increasing ‘automobilisation’, a surge in global demand for oil is expected for the future. A growing anxiety about the economic and geopolitical implications of possible shortcomings in the supply of oil as a pillar of our globalised world based on transportation is increasingly triggering the search for alternative fuels. However, this search is not only motivated by possible oil shortcomings, but also in response to the climate change issue, because worldwide CO2 emissions from the transport sector have been growing for decades and most projections show a further increase for the future. At the heart of the book stands the question of how the growing energy demand in the transport sector can be met in the long term, when conventional (easy) oil will be running out. Among the principal options are unconventional oil from oil sands or oil shale, synthetic Fischer–Tropsch fuels on the basis of gas or coal, biofuels,