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Epigenetically-targeted therapies for the treatment of hematological malignancies.

Epigenetic modifications, which are heritable changes in gene expression not involving DNA sequence alterations, are important early events in the multi -step process of tumorigenesis. Among them, DNA methylation and histone acetylation are the most extensively studied. Although they are, by definition, somatically heritable, epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones are also reversible. This characteristic difference from genetic alterations makes them interesting targets for therapeutic intervention. The huge amount of knowledge gathered in the field of epigenetics the last decade, was followed by the development of novel therapies: old drugs finding new identity and new targets and an increasing list of novel compounds for the treatment of malignant diseases. Hematological malignancies offer a broad spectrum of diseases where epigenetic therapies are shown to be active, providing encouraging results. Some of the more recent reports on this field of therapeutic interventions are reviewed below.