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Data processing and analysis of benign, premalignant, and malignant changes in skin tissue samples using FT-IR microspectroscopy

Tissue infrared microscopy has been applied in dermatopatholoical assessment of common benign, premalignant, and malignant skin lesions in order to observe processes from benign to malignant transformation and compare them to normal. Various approaches how to develop computerised data processing and to sort out useful information within grouped lesion categories against huge inter- and intra-sample variability included spectral and multivariate data treatment. Spectral data processing was carried out to assign spectral bands in the measured spectra using the classical group frequency approach. A multivariate technique, principal component analysis (PCA), was performed to identify and to confirm the wavenumber values that contributed to most of the variance within 1661 points of the spectrum, to evaluate and maximise the differences in the spectra by reducing the number of variables characterising each patient, pathology category and skin component (epidermis, dermis, the lesion and its adjacent area). The results suggest that there is a common tendancy for the observed spectral features in benign, premalignant and malignant lesions directly related to protein conformations and nucleic acid bases in the 800-1750 cm-1 region, that was possible to distinguish from normal against a huge background of inter- and intra-sample variability.