{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.026351351351351353, 'fraction_numerical': 0.007432432432432433, 'mean_word_length': 6.1201923076923075, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
GABAergic transmission in the A5 area modulates sympatho‐respiratory response to hypoxia and breathing pattern variability in rats

Ventrolateral pontine neurons (A5 area) receive inputs from cardiovascular‐ and respiratory‐related sources, but appear to only modulate the sympatho‐respiratory response to hypoxia. We previously reported that the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline (BIC) increased the average amplitude of splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (sSNA) during the second half of expiration and accentuated the prolongation of expiratory duration during the hypoxic ventilatory decline, but had no effect during basal conditions. To test the hypothesis that inhibition of neurons in the A5 area affects patterning during basal conditions, we recorded PNA and sSNA before and after bilateral microinjections of BIC into the A5 area of anesthetized, paralyzed, ventilated, vagotomized and thoracotomized adult male rats (Sprague Dawley). We analyzed the respiratory pattern by systematically applying a set of time‐series analytical tools. During basal conditions after BIC, the co‐efficient of variation (CV) was not significantly altered. However, nonlinear properties of the breathing pattern (Mutual Information, Sample Entropy of the Intervals and Sample Entropy of the Successive Differences) were ablated after BIC. These observations suggest that GABAergic transmission in the A5 area affects breathing pattern variability even during basal conditions. (HL‐080318)