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A new subgenus and a remarkable new species of Domene from South China, with additional records of the genus from China, Taiwan, and Vietnam (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae)

Domene hybrida spec. nov. (China: Guizhou) is described, illustrated, and distinguished from other species of the genus known from China. The species is peculiar in that it combines morphological characters found in Domene Fauvel, 1873 with characters observed in other genera of Lathrobiina, particularly Lobrathium Mulsant & Rey, 1878 and Pseudobium Mulsant & Rey, 1878. Unlike all other congeners previously recorded from China, it does not belong to the subgenus Macromene Coiffait, 1982, which is why it is assigned to a subgenus of its own, Lobramene subgen. nov. Additional records of six Domene species are reported from China, Taiwan, and North Vietnam. Including two species of doubtful generic affiliations, the genus now includes 86 named species, 22 of which have been recorded from China, three from Taiwan, and two from Vietnam.


Introduction
According Newton (2019), Domene Fauvel, 1873 previously included a total of 86 named species in six subgenera, with some of these species listed as incertae sedis. In the meantime, one name was synonymized by Assing (2019). In view of the essentially Palaearctic distribution of the genus, the generic affiliations of Domene javana Cameron, 1936 (Indonesia: Java) and probably also D. (Neodomene) indica Cameron, 1924 (India: Uttar Pradesh) must be considered doubtful. The remaining species are distributed on the West Palaearctic (49 species) and East Palaearctic regions, including North Vietnam (34 species). Prior to the present study, the Domene fauna of China, Taiwan, and North Vietnam was represented by 25 species, all of them assigned to the subgenus Macromene Coiffait, 1982, with 21 species (two doubtful records omitted) reported from China (17 exclusive), two (both exclusive) from Taiwan, and two (one exclusive) from North Vietnam (Koch 1939, Rougemont 1995, Assing & Feldmann 2014, Assing 2015, 2016, Peng et al. 2015, 2017

Material and methods
The material treated in this study is deposited in the following collections: Body length was measured from the anterior margin of the mandibles (in resting position) to the abdominal apex, the length of the forebody from the anterior margin of the mandibles to the posterior margin of the elytra, head length from the anterior margin of the frons to the posterior constriction of the head, elytral length at the suture from the apex of the scutellum to the posterior margin of the elytra (at the suture), and the length of the aedeagus from the apex of the ventral process to the base of the aedeagal capsule. The "parameral" side (i.e., the side where the sperm duct enters) is referred to as the ventral, the opposite side as the dorsal aspect.

Etymology:
The name is composed of Lobra-(first part of the generic name Lobrathium) and -mene (last part of the generic name Domene). It alludes to the fact that the sole representative of the subgenus combines characters of Domene with those of Lobrathium. The gender is feminine.
Description: Head of oval shape (as is typical of Domene) and oblong; posterior angles obsolete; posterior constriction less than half as broad as head. Interstices without microsculpture and glossy. Antenna very long and moderately massive; all antennomeres distinctly oblong. Pronotum slender, distinctly oblong, and narrower than head; punctation moderately dense and moderately coarse; midline with narrow impunctate band; interstices without microsculpture and glossy. Elytra long and with parallel lateral margins; punctation rather dense and coarse; interstices without microsculpture. Protarsomeres I-IV moderately dilated, without apparent sexual dimorphism. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra; tergites III-VI with distinct, tergite VII with indistinct anterior impressions. : sternite VIII with modified chaetotaxy; posterior margin produced, without median excision; aedeagus relatively small; ventral process weakly pronounced and weakly sclerotized.

Comparative notes: Lobramene is distinguished from
Macromene by a more glossy and more oblong head, a much more slender, more oblong, and glossy pronotum with less dense punctation and with a narrowly impunctate midline, more slender and more glossy elytra with more parallel lateral margins, and by a smaller aedeagus of different morphology. Regarding the shapes of the aedeagus, the pronotum, and the elytra, Lobramene somewhat resembles the genus Pseudobium, from which it differs particularly by larger body size and a different morphology of the head. Similarly, it is distinguished from Lobrathium, with which it shares a similar punctation and similar shapes of the pronotum and the elytra, by an oval and distinctly oblong head, longer antennae, and the aedeagal morphology.

Etymology:
The specific epithet is a noun in apposition and alludes to the fact that this species combines char-acters of Domene with those of other paederine genera, particularly Lobrathium.
Description: Body length 8.3-9.0 mm; length of fore body 4.8-5.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 1. Coloration: body brown to blackish-brown; legs dark-yellow to pale-brown with the forelegs somewhat darker; antennae dark-brown to blackish-brown. Head (Fig. 2) of oblong oval shape, approximately 1.2 times as long as broad; punctation dense and umbilicate; interstices without microsculpture. Eyes small and weakly convex in cross-section, approximately one fourth as long as distance from posterior margin of eye to posterior constriction of head in dorsal view. Antennae 3.5-3.7 mm long and slender, but rather massive; all antennomeres distinctly oblong. Pronotum (Fig. 2) conspicuously oblong and slender, approximately 1.4 times as long as broad and only 0.85-0.90 times as broad as head; lateral margins only weakly convex in dorsal view, nearly parallel; punctation coarser and less dense than that of head; midline narrowly impunctate; interstices without microsculpture; disc on the whole more glossy than the nearly matt head. Elytra (Fig. 2) nearly as long as pronotum, with marked humeral angles, and parallel lateral margins; punctation dense, much coarser than that of pronotum; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings probably present. Abdomen: punctation fine and dense; interstices with fine transverse microsculpture; tergite VII with palisade fringe; posterior margin of tergite VIII angularly produced in the middle. : sternite VII with unmodified chaetotaxy, posterior margin broadly concave; sternite VIII with an oblong cluster of numerous dense peg-setae; posterior margin strongly produced in the middle; aedeagus small, only 1.0 mm long, somewhat dorso-ventrally depressed, strongly curved in lateral view, and apically bifid. : posterior margin of sternite VIII broadly convex.

Comparative notes:
This species is remarkable in many ways. Unlike other Domene species recorded from China, it does not belong to the subgenus Macromene Coiffait, 1982, which is why it is assigned to a subgenus of its own. While the head shape resembles that of many other Domene species, the same does not apply to the pronotum and the elytra, which are somewhat reminiscent of Lobrathium or Pseudobium. Characters suggesting a closer relationship to the species groups known from the West Palaearctic region were not found either. Domene hybrida may even represent a genus of its own. However, in view of the unclarified subgeneric concept of Domene currently in use (see Assing & Feldmann 2014) and also the somewhat unresolved generic status and limits of Domene and Lobrathium (see Assing 2010), the species is tentatively assigned to Domene for the time being. Domene hybrida is easily distinguished from other Domene species known from China not only by the distinctive male sexual characters (shapes of sternite VIII and aedeagus), but also by external characters such as a distinctly oblong head, a more slender pronotum, and the shape of the elytra.

Distribution and natural history:
The type locality is situated in Leigong Shan, Guizhou province, South China. The specimens were collected in a narrow dark gorge with dense vegetation at an altitude of approximately 1700 m by sifting accumulated debris of leaves, twigs, and soil (Schillhammer pers. comm.).