{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.027892561983471075, 'fraction_numerical': 0.01962809917355372, 'mean_word_length': 4.905487804878049, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Simple Time and Frequency Dissemination Method Using Optical Fiber Network

This paper describes a simple and cost-effective method of frequency dissemination. In current digital communication networks, node clocks are hierarchically synchronized to the atomic master clock through fiber links. This synchronized network is used as an intermediate link for remote calibration services like the global positioning system common-view method. A prototype reference signal generator has been developed for recovering the communication clock signal and synthesizing a 10-MHz signal from it. The generator output frequency at the client site can be traced to coordinated universal time (UTC) National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) with some uncertainty, depending on the stability of the node clocks and the distance from the master clock. The stability performance of the generated reference signal has been tested at Okinawa-the farthest prefecture from Tokyo, where the master clock is located (baseline distance of 1500 km). The primary rate (1.544 MHz) for telecommunication services was chosen for the 10-MHz signal generation in the experiment. A sinusoidal phase fluctuation within a one-day period is dominantly observed. This fluctuation is mainly caused by fiber expansion and contraction due to normal daily temperature changes. It degrades the stability (Allan deviation) to the level of 5 X 10-13 (t = 40 000 s, which is almost half a day). However, the major part of the phase fluctuation can be canceled by averaging a full day's data. In this case, the Allan deviation becomes 1 X 10-13, which is obtained at Okinawa over ten consecutive days of measurement. The worst average frequency offset relative to UTC (NMIJ) (one-day averaging) is -6.3 X 10-13. The results indicate that this method promises to be suitable for most applications, providing an uncertainty of less than 1 X 10-12 at an averaging time of one day.