{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.026957637997432605, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0025673940949935813, 'mean_word_length': 5.341463414634147, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A reconfigurable MuPAR antenna system employing a hybrid beam-forming technique

This research study proposes a 3.5 GHz array system that demonstrates a hybrid combination of beam-forming and beam-switching schemes. As basic antenna element, a printed ESPAR antenna is employed, with capability to direct its radiation pattern by means of PIN diodes switching. Furthermore, the antenna element impedance matching technique is investigated. Consequently, a four element ESPAR antenna array (MuPAR) is formed in order to exhibit the beam-switching operation of the elements, in combination to the beam-steering technique through a phase shift on the array elements. As a result, a novel hybrid beam-forming array system is implemented, demonstrating multiple scanning capabilities.