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TLC and HPTLC Finger Printing Analysis of Cyperus rotundus (Linn.)

Cyperus rotundus (Linn.) is a versatile plant belonging to the family Cyperaceae, used in herbal medicines worldwide to cure various human ailments. The present study attempts to analyze the profiles of flavonoids in different extracts of C. rotundus with the help of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprint. Flower and stem extracts of C. rotundus were screens out with the help of TLC, and the Rf values were determined. HPTLC was used to quantify the flavonoid from flower extract of a plant at a 1.0 mg/mL concentration. It revealed the occurrence of flavonoids, especially quercetin in the ethanolic extract of C. rotundus flower, by using mobile phase toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (3:4:2.5 v/v), on a pre-coated plate of silica gel and quantified the amount of quercetin by densitometry absorbance mode at 257 nm. The limits of detection and quantification were 30.08 & 91.16 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviation ranged between 1.03 to 1.48 for intra-day and inter-day for HPTLC. The calibration range was 200-700 ng per band (r2 = 0.99321). Quercetin quantity in the ethanolic extract of the flower was found to be 0.011 mg/mL of the extract with an average recovery of 99.01–100.00%. Such fingerprinting is valuable in quality control and checking adulterants of natural drugs. Therefore, it can be helpful for the assessment of different marketable pharmaceuticals preparations.