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Light‐Independent Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Hypericum perforatum Extracts

Since Hypericum perforatum (Hp) constituents possess light‐activated anti‐viral and anti‐proliferative activity, we assessed whether the anti‐inflammatory activity of Hp extracts is dependent on light‐activation using a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) assay. RAW264.7 macrophage cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and PGE2 levels were measured at 8 hours. Soxhlet chloroform extracts at 8–29 μg/ml reduced PGE2 levels by 50–85% and Soxhlet ethanol extracts at 65–147 μg/ml reduced PGE2 levels by 89–93%. The level of constituents detected by LC‐MS within the extracts were lower than the concentration of pure constituents needed to reduce PGE2, suggesting that interaction of compounds may be important in the anti‐inflammatory activity of the extracts. Chloroform and ethanol extracts of Elixir™ significantly reduced PGE2 at 8 μg/ml, however; no other accession tested reduced PGE2 at this concentration. The common constituent between the extracts was hypericin, but pure hypericin did not reduce LPS‐induced PGE2 levels. This suggested that unknown compounds may be important for the activity. The anti‐inflammatory activity of all the accession extracts was not significantly different between light‐activated and dark treatments, suggesting that the anti‐inflammatory activity of Hp extracts is light‐independent.