{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.035283194057567316, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.267441860465116, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
A Single-Channel Noise Reduction Filtering/Smoothing Technique in the Time Domain

In this paper, we present a single-channel smoothing-and-filtering technique for noise reduction in the time domain. Unlike traditional noise reduction methods, which directly apply a noise reduction filter to the noisy signal, the developed technique achieves noise reduction in two steps. It first applies a time smoothing window to the noisy signal, which, on the one hand, can help reduce high frequency noise and, on the other hand, can help leverage the correlation between successive signal samples. A noise reduction filter is then applied to the smoothed noisy signal to estimate the speech signal of interest. Three optimal and suboptimal noise reduction filters are derived, including the Wiener, maximum signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), and tradeoff filters. Simulation results reveal that the developed method can produce better noise reduction performance, i.e., higher gains in the perceptual-evaluation-of-speech-quality (PESQ) score, than the traditional methods without smoothing.