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Review Article : On Eisenstadt's Japanese Civilization

Those familiar with Japan know that there is something unique about itand enigmatic, since it has been so difficult to specify what that uniqueness consists of. Deeply conservative while very receptive to foreign influence, technologically sophisticated yet ideologically resistant, Japan does not fit into our usual distinctions between traditional and modern (or modernizing). There have been many attempts to solve that riddle, but it is fair to say that they are unsatisfactory or at least incomplete. On the one side are ambitious (and now dated) works such as Ruth Benedict’s The Chrysanthemum and the Sword and Chie Nakane’s Japanese Society, which offer illuminating overviews that do not reach to the source of Japanese uniqueness; on the other side are the many academic studies which focus on this or that aspect without presuming to generalize and explain the whole. In Japanese Civilization: A Comparative View, the luxuriant foliage of contemporary scholarship receives a magisterial synthesis that reveals the geography of the entire forest. By adopting a comparative perspectivecontrasting the development of Japan with that of China, India, and especially Europe-the distinguished sociologist S.N. Eisenstadt achieves a bird’s-eye view that avoids the false dichotomy between a cultural approach and a structural/institutional one. The result is the most