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Estimating Volume Change of Triaxial Soil Specimens from Planar Images

A series of conventional triaxial experiments were conducted on sand specimens aboard the Space Shuttle during the NASA STS‐79 mission. A 360° video coverage to monitor the specimen deformations was recorded during the experiments. Post‐flight analyses included retrieving the video images for further analysis. Analysis tools were developed to correct distortion in specimen images due to using wide‐angle lenses employing quadratic polynomial functions implemented in a computer code. Planar projections of specimen video images were used along with the x‐ray computed tomography images to reconstruct three‐dimensional (3D) renderings of triaxial sand specimens at different axial strain levels. Volumetric change of the specimens was accurately calculated and compared to measurements recorded during the Shuttle flight. 3D renderings that show the progress of specimen deformations were also developed and displayed. Such results are valuable for documenting true 3D recordings of soils instability phenomena tested using standard triaxial compression procedures and for applications related to educational demonstrations of conventional testing of soils.