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Dynamic characteristics of the nozzle opening pressure based on the fluid–structure interaction for a double-solenoid-valve fuel injection system

The nozzle opening pressure of fuel injection systems affects the initial fuel atomization, the fuel injection quantity, the emission characteristics and the operation stability of diesel engines. This paper presents an investigation on the dynamic characteristics of the nozzle opening pressure for a double-solenoid-valve fuel injection system. A numerical model for the nozzle opening pressure based on the fluid–structure interaction theory is established, including the models for the physical properties of the fuel, the leakage rate of the piston pair and the elastic deformation of the piston chamber and the piston pair. Also, experiments were carried out to validate the proposed model. Good agreement was found between the simulated results and the measured results. Based on this model, the effects of some factors on the nozzle opening pressure are analysed. The results show that the rotational speed of the cam, the initial clearance of the piston pair and the sealing length of the piston pair have slight effects on the nozzle opening pressure but that the diameter of the piston, the initial fuel temperature and the residual volume greatly influence the nozzle opening pressure.