{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.03480278422273782, 'fraction_numerical': 0.005413766434648105, 'mean_word_length': 5.437810945273632, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
The effects of girt on cognitive, emotional and social development of elementary school students in Korea: Differential effects by life-long goal and household income levels

The purposes of this study were to identify the effect of Grit on cognitive, emotional, and social development and to investigate the differencial effect accroding to the type of student's life-long goal, and the level of household income. To do this, 9th to 11th waves of the Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC 2018) were utilized, and generalized propensity score method applied. The results of this study were as follows. First, happiness, self-esteem, concentration, positive parenting attitude significantly influenced on students’ grit score(perseverance of efforts). The frequency of conversation with parents, the smart phone and PC utilization, and the sense of alienation affect students' grit score(consistency of interest). Second, Grit had a positive effect on students' happiness, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and peer relationships. Third, Grit showed differential effects on emotional, and social development according to the type of student's life-long goal, and the level of household income. Based on these results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future study were discussed.