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Self-seeded four-wave mixing cascades with low power consumption

The efficient generation of self-seeded four-wave mixing (FWM) cascades utilizing a double pass technique is demonstrated. To prove the efficiency of this technique, FWM cascades with a double-pass scheme are compared to their counterpart with a single-pass scheme. Experimental results indicate that the double-pass scheme consumes less power than the single-pass scheme. For the generation of ten spectral lines, the double-pass scheme requires an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) output power of 114.02 mW, representing a 69% improvement over the single-pass scheme, which demands an EDFA output power of 366.32 mW. This is attributed to the use of the first-pass FWM cascades as seeds in the double-pass scheme, in contrast to two intracavity pumps as seeds in the single-pass scheme. The proposed scheme is not only free from external laser sources and phase modulators but also needs low power for operation, leading to the double-pass scheme being more cost effective than the single-pass scheme.