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Pressure evolution during HBC fuse operation

The purpose of this paper is to describe the influence of the silica sand grains on pressure during the energy release in a high breaking capacity (HBC) fuse. During the HBC fuse operation, the pressure evolution is the result of two opposite trends: the pressure increase due to the interaction of the silica plasma with the surrounding granular sand, and the pressure decrease due to the propagation of the pressure waves toward the porous medium. Due to the complex phenomena occurring during the current extinction by a fuse, two kinds of pressure are distinguished: the pressure inside the silica plasma and the pressure in the silica sand. From the simulations we show that the Forchheimer flow resistance is stronger than the Darcy flow resistance once the electric power is over 30% of the maximum value. A comparison of the calculated and measured pressures is made at various positions from the fuse element axis. Two different pressures are obtained experimentally: the pressure PSAND exerted on the sand grains due to the plasma pressure, and the pressure PGAS of the gas flowing through the interstices of the silica sand. We show that the experimental and calculated trends are similar and they both depend on the electric power level and the silica sand mean granulometry. The maximum pressures are observed at the same time as the maximum electric power levels. The ratio PSAND/PGAS is about 8 with PGAS values not exceeding 1.5 × 105 Pa.