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Mixed Methods with Strategic Collaborations: Systematically Designing an After-School Physical Activity and Nutrition Program.

BACKGROUND
Obesity among children is increasing nationwide, and creative solutions beyond traditional programs designed exclusively by academics are needed to achieve lasting success. One innovative approach that departs from the typical model of exclusive academic design incorporates local community input in designing health-related programs. Such input can lead to more relevant programs and community "buy in," thereby increasing the likelihood of the effectiveness of the program. One approach that incorporates local community input is called community-based participatory research (CBPR) whereby researchers and community partners work together and use the CBPR principles to create and sustain culturally relevant, impactful programs.


OBJECTIVES
This paper describes how a mixed-methods CBPR approach was used to formulate and implement a needs assessment survey, and how mini-focus groups were used to reinforce the survey findings.


METHODS
A survey seeking information about physical activity (PA) and dietary behavior was given to 27 families at a school-based event, and a forward stepwise regression was run to identify significant determinants. The results were presented and discussed with community mini-focus groups (n = 20).


RESULTS
The regression models were significant (P < 0.05), where parental support of PA and PA beliefs were significant determinants of moderate to vigorous PA, and water intake, whole grain intake, and fruit and vegetable consumption were the top three significant determinants of dietary behavior. Mini-focus groups reinforced the model results.


CONCLUSIONS
This approach helped identify the determinants that should be addressed when designing an after school program targeting PA and dietary behavior for minority students attending a school in an underserved community.