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Influence of Proton Exchange on LiNbO3Crystals Structure

Proton exchange reaction (Li+/H+) was carried out on LiNbO3 crystals (z-cut). Reaction was conducted in concentrated environment of HNO3, at stabilized temperature 110°C. Portion of acid was added after each 24 h interval. The reference LiNbO3 crystal sample and etched for 240 h HxLi1−xNbO3 crystals were used for surface sensitive studies. SIMS test proved that H and Li the proton exchange reaction took place. Electronic structure was checked by XPS. The Li, Nb, O core lines, and VB line were analyzed. Substitution of Li by H ions deformed shape of the XPS lines that indicated crystal structure change.