{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02962962962962963, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.078651685393258, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Urban planning and the ‘pulsar effect’: Coping with peaks, troughs and repeats in the demand cycle

The paper aims to conceptualize a broad range of special “events”, and options for dealing with them, on both demand and supply sides of urban development. In a wider perspective, innovations in urban development largely result from the ‘pulsar effects’ of unique or periodic special events. The conceptual framework proposed would help the city management with the difficult decisions that it needs to make in coping with ‘pulsar effects’.