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Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation Studies in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Yield and Yield Attributing Characters

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) important vegetable as well as spice crop. In India, there is no home which does not consume chilli either as green or dry. It finds a place in pharmaceuticals also. India is the major green chilli growing country in the world having an area of 140.04 thousand hectare with production of 1687.83 thousand tons. In India, Karnataka is the major growing state where area under green chilli is 43.66 thousand hectare and production is 596.13 thousand tons followed by Bihar (39.49 thousand hectare and 478.1313 thousand ton) and Andhra Pradesh (10.88 thousand ha and 167.24 thousand ton) as reported by Anon., 2015 [1].


Introduction
Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) important vegetable as well as spice crop. In India, there is no home which does not consume chilli either as green or dry. It finds a place in pharmaceuticals also. India is the major green chilli growing country in the world having an area of 140.04 thousand hectare with production of 1687.83 thousand tons. In India, Karnataka is the major growing state where area under green chilli is 43.66 thousand hectare and production is 596.13 thousand tons followed by Bihar (39.49 thousand hectare and 478.1313 thousand ton) and Andhra Pradesh (10.88 thousand ha and 167.24 thousand ton) as reported by Anon., 2015 [1].
Maximum diversity can be noticed among different cultivars available in India and outside with respect to shape, size, yield, quality and other traits. Identification of a variety better suited for a particular region and its improvement is of immediate task to exploit its potential.
The improvement can be brought out after confirming the association of most important character yield with other yield attributing Field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research and Extension Station, Haveri (Devihosur), University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka) during Kharif season of 2016-2017 to know the genotypic and phenotypic association between sixteen yield and yield attributing characters in green chilli. Thirty two advanced lines were evaluated along with Byadgi Dabbi, ByadgiKaddi, G-4, Pusa jwala and GC-69/68 as checks. Correlation coefficients indicated that fruit yield per plant was significant and positively correlated with fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, plant height, plant spread. Since, these associations of characters are in desirable direction indicating higher contribution of these characters towards yield but negative and significant association was found with days to days to first flowering, 50 per cent flowering, stalk to fruit ratio and ascorbic acid content indicating that early flowering and early picking might be associated with increasing the fruits yield per plant. characters. Hence, an experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research and Extension Station, Haveri (Devihosur), University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka) during Kharif season of 2016-2017 to know the genotypic and phenotypic association between sixteen yield and yield attributing traits in green chilli.

Materials and Methods
Field experiment conducted during Kharif season of 2016-2017 at Horticulture Research and Extension Station, Haveri (Devihosur), University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka) with Thirty two advanced lines (F 9 ) along with Byadgi Dabbi, ByadgiKaddi, G-4, Pusa jwala and GC-69/68 as checks. The trial was laid out on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications, in medium black soil.
Thirty eight days old seedlings were transplanted at spacing of 60 cm × 60 cm. All the recommended cultural practices were followed to raise good chilli crop (Anon., 2013) [2]. Five randomly selected plants in each experimental plot were used for recording observations on vegetative, yield and yield attributing parameters.
The data was subjected to statistical analysis by adopting complete randomized block design (Panse and Sukhatme, 1967) [3] and the phenotypic correlation coefficient and genotypic correlation coefficient were computed by using INDOSTAT software.

Results and Discussion
In the present investigation the relation of yield with yield attributing characters as well as among themselves was examined using genotypic and phenotypic correlation analysis.
The genotypic correlation was higher than the phenotypic correlation indicating high heritable nature of characters.
The yield attributing characters like number of fruit per plant (0.717 and 0.819 respectively), fruit length (0.456 and 0.554 respectively), and fruit weight (0.478 and 0.627 respectively) had highly significant positive correlation with yield per plant at phenotypic and genotypic level respectively ( Table 1 and 2).
Since, these associations of characters are in desirable direction indicating higher contribution of these characters towards yield. In conclusion from the present study it was concluded that the yield was positively associated with most of the traits. On the basis of present study it is evident that characters viz., number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit weight and other yield attributing characters have contributed for yield may be directly or through other characters which will help the breeders for further crop improvement.