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Xylem Anatomy of Hibiscus (Malvaceae) in Relation to Habit

A study of the xylem anatomy of Hibiscus was conducted utilizing 21 species from diverse habit types. Reduction in the amount of secondary xylem that develops, as is generally the case with herbs, has resulted in less axial parenchyma, reduced stratification, decrease of vessel-element length in outer wood, vessel-element length increase in inner wood, and less vessel-element length variation between inner and outer wood. Greater vessel-member diameters are associated with woodier forms and the outer wood of all habits. Vessel density decreases in the outer wood of all but the shrub habit. The greatest percentage of solitary, multiple, and cluster pore types are associated with trees, shrubs, and herbs, respectively. Fibers are longer in outer wood of all habits and tend to decrease slightly in length and width toward herbaceousness. Percentage increase of fiber length over vessel-element length is greater in woodier forms. Ray structure and habit comparisons are of questionable significance. This study indicates considerable variation between wood anatomy and habit, and also the possibility of intrageneric phylogenetic trends.