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Comparative Literature And The Plural Vision Of Discourse

Comparative literature was established in nineteenth-century Europe as a discipline of literary study transcending monolingual national traditions. Before World War II, the French approach of influence study predominated in the field with emphasis on factual contacts and international relations, the influence and reputation of important writers abroad. In postwar America, with many comparatists emigrated from Europe and the ideology of nationalism discredited, a new approach emerged to promote a more inclusive model of parallel study of different literatures without the positivistic notion of factual contacts and relations, and with emphasis on literary and aesthetic values of texts. This liberal-humanistic approach in comparative literature was increasingly displaced by literary theory and cultural studies since the 1970s, but the eclipse of literature as the center of reference has created an identity crisis for comparative literature. Part of the problem is that comparative literature is still largely Eurocentric, while there has been a tremendous increase of interest in non-Western literatures and cultures. Once comparative literature frees itself from Eurocentric limitations and assumes a truly global perspective, new areas of pursuit and development will open up and will offer comparatists not only new challenges, but also the possibility of new insights and achievements.