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An Experimental Investigation into the Effect of Surfactants on Air-Water Two-Phase Flow in Minichannels

The complex interfacial phenomena involved in two-phase gas-liquid flow have defied mathematical simplification and modeling. However, these systems are used in heat exchangers, condensers, chemical processing plants, nuclear reactor systems, and fuel cells. The present work considers a 1 mm-square minichannel and adiabatic flows corresponding to practical PEM fuel cell conditions. Pressure drop data is collected over mass fluxes of 4.0–12.0 kg/m2s for air and 0.5–21.6 kg/m2s for water, corresponding to superficial gas and liquid velocities of 3.19–10.06 m/s and 0.0005–0.022 m/s, respectively. The experiments are repeated with water-surfactant mixtures of different concentrations in order to quantify the surface tension effects, as it is recognized that surface tension is an important parameter for two-phase flow in minichannels. The accuracy of various two-phase pressure drop models is evaluated, and a new model for laminar-laminar two-phase flow pressure drop is developed.