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Adolescent Status and Student Politics

One of the chief features held to characterize the political order of modern western societies is the ready emergence of groups and associations designed to foster the interests of their members. Classic pluralist theory suggests that democratic systems particularly encourage the mobilization of interest groups among those sections of the population which feel themselves to be disadvantaged in some way, whether in social, material, or political terms. In societies where industrial workers, professionals, employers, businessmen, consumers, animal lovers, war veterans, and so on, are often highly organized in defence of their interests, it is at first blush surprising that no political or social organization has ever developed to represent the claims of the young. Although adolescents form one of the few major social categories in modern societies which lack formal representation, it would appear that there are many features about their general position in the social order which could give rise, potentially at least, to some kind of political movement. To begin with, one could point to the fact that adolescents are in a state of relative material and social deprivation, compared with adults. Rates of pay for the young, for example, are almost always below those commanded by their seniors, even where the tasks performed are not noticeably different. In addition, working adolescents contribute proportionately more to welfare and similar taxes, in relation to the demands they make on health and other state services, than other members of the population. In time of war the sacrifices required of young males in the defence of adult institutions is especially great. Again, the legal status of adolescents is a highly disadvantaged one; there are numerous prohibitions concerning such matters as property ownership, marriage, drinking, driving vehicles, and the like which apply exclusively to the young. Similarly, in their day-