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STARCH DIGESTION IN THE HORSE

The rate and extent of starch digestion is determined by: 1. properties of the starch granule; 2. the effect of processing; 3. associated food structures (plant cell walls); 4. transit time through the small intestine; 5. the availability and concentration of enzymes. These factors will affect the glycemic response of the horse to feeding and the subsequent production of insulin. Resistant starch, together with undigested starch, will pass into the large intestine of the horse where it may be fermented to short chain fatty acids. Resistant starch may escape digestion in the small intestine of the horse because: 1. of physical entrapment within a food, such as in partly-milled grains and seeds (RS 1 starch); 2. starch granules have a B or C crystalline structure which is highly resistant to digestion (RS 2 starch); 3. retrogradation through food processing, mainly in the form of retro-graded amylose (RS 3 starch). RS 3 starch is entirely resistant to digestion by pancreatic amylase in man (Englyst and Macfarlane, 1986) and this starch is commonly found in peas. RS 1 and RS 2 are quantitatively the most important forms of resistant starch found in horse feeds.