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Adhesion aspects in biomaterials and medical devices

The goal of this special issue is to provide material scientists and engineers with an appreciation of the fundamental aspects of adhesion phenomena in biomaterials and medical devices, as well as their interaction with human cells and tissue. There is a wide range of biomaterials and medical devices used for different medical applications, from metallic alloys to ceramics and from polymers to hybrid composites. Surface properties play an important role in discussions about adhesion phenomena and have a significant role in the inflammatory and wound healing responses to biomaterials and medical devices in vivo. Studies related to protein adhesion on the biomaterials surface gained a lot of interest in the past few decades because these interactions are fundamentally responsible for biocompatibility of the materials. This special issue is focused on the new frontiers in research studies dedicated to the use of biomaterials in different forms, for biomedical applications in dentistry and related clinical investigations. Based on the requirements of the modern biomedical technology, the novel research strategies in biomaterials field are nowadays directed toward biomaterials endowed with surface properties, controlled adhesion, and for the controlled release of active principles, especially against infections. In this view, several research groups have been invited to contribute to this special issue with their original research papers that could stimulate efforts of comprehensive knowledge of adhesion aspects in biomaterials and medical devices. This special issue is divided into two categories based on the following keywords: biomaterials and medical devices. In the category of adhesion in biomaterials, polymers and composite materials with polymeric matrix have attracted a significant attention being widely used in medical devices. Synthetic polymers are used as biomaterials for many medical devices due to their properties more appropriate to the properties of human tissues. A limitation of synthetic polymers is the lack of biological cues that can promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and tissue recovery. In order to improve these properties and to enhance their interactions with cells, different composite biomaterials with polymeric matrix were developed. In order to explain the adhesion mechanism at interface and the roles played by the two phases in the composites, some theories have been developed. It is important to mention that none of them is being able yet to fully explain the nature of interfacial adhesion phenomenon and all the process. In addition, different surface modifications or coatings are the ways to improve biological properties of medical devices using the minimization of protein adhesion onto the surface of medical devices. Development of new antimicrobial composite materials represents an important topic for research in biomaterials during the last years. The filler integration as well as their effect on the composite properties are a key factor. In this regard, Dumitriu et al. (this issue) investigated the influence of silver nanoparticles presence and of the dispersion composition on the rheological properties, microstructure of polyurethane (PU)/biopolymers-based dispersions and on the morphology of the solvent cast membranes obtained. Nanocomposite dispersions from polyester-type PU and mixtures of the PU with various biopolymers such as hydrolyzed collagen, k-elastin, chondroitin sulfate, or hyaluronic acid containing different concentrations of in situ generated silver nanoparticles