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Cell Structure and Function

As discussed briefly in Chapter 1, prokaryotic cells differ in a number of major ways from eukaryotic cells (Table 7-1). Lower eukaryotes (protozoa, algae, and fungi) lack some of the distinguishing features of metazoan cells. Nevertheless, all eukaryotic cells appear to be similar versions of the same overall plan. In the past, some cytologists considered that bacterial cells were merely smaller replicas of the cells of higher forms and that failure to distinguish comparable subcellular structures in bacteria could be attributed to the limitations of the microscopic and cytological techniques available. This may prove to be the case, since many recent investigations with highly improved techniques and equipment have shown that there may be a closer similarity between eukaryotes and prokaryotes than previously thought. It has also become apparent that the cells of archaebacteria (Archaea) display important structural differences from the cells of either eubacteria or eukaryotes.