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Missionary Calculus: Americans in the Making of Sunday Schools in Victorian India. By Anilkumar Belvadi. American Academy of Religion Series. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. xiv + 244 pp. $99.00 cloth.

Wacker represent some ways that Emmett connects historic Pentecostalism with the flourishing of African-led Pentecostal movements. The book’s abundant details about theological and interpersonal affairs at the CEM could be strengthened with additional political context from the 1910s through 1964. Emmett notes that the Belgian government outlawed African religious gatherings that were not supervised by European or American missionaries. He also cites the missionaries’ continued legal recognition as a reason given for continuing the CEM after the former colony gained its independence. Brief historical background about the delay in extending legal recognition to the Pentecostal Church of Congo would help readers understand how the religious debate intersected with the complicated political transition. Additional descriptions of the labor conditions in the Belgian Congo would also help Emmett present a fuller analysis of the African evangelists and their perspectives. He mentions cotton cultivation and remote mining work with few explanations of how and why local ministries changed in reaction to these types of colonial labor requirements. The corporal punishment that officials used to sustain forced labor seems relevant to the rift between the CEM and Shalumbo, one of the most fruitful Pentecostal ministers of either nationality. The brutal legacies of the infamous Congo Free State regime and previous centuries of slave trading echoed in this African evangelist’s “humiliation” when a missionary whipped his brother (219). By minimizing his references to the political context, David Emmett keeps readers engaged with the religious priorities of the CEM until the 1960s when the religious implications of Congolese independence seemed impossible for the missionaries to avoid. This approach feels accurate to most of his source material, which tended to compartmentalize the African Christian influences that Burton championed during his career. Future research on Protestant missions to the Belgian Congo will benefit from Emmett’s style of incorporating African voices as it indicates options for complicating and even decentralizing the missionaries’ perspective.