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Agent-based Modelling and Simulation for Population Dynamics under Agricultural Constraints in Prehistoric Hallstatt: Hints for a Second Settlement

This contribution is an outcome of a project cooperation between the Museum of Natural History Vienna and the Vienna University of Technology. The museum investigates since many years the prehistoric salt mines in Hallstatt, Austria, by classical archaeological methods, by experimental archaeology, and by modelling and simulation, which partly ca be seen as virtual experimental archaeology. This contribution continues investigations on modelling agricultural constraints for population size in prehistoric Hallstatt, presented in a previous conference publication. As modelling and simulation approach agent-based simulation is used, as well for the mining process, and for the supply including food production, and for the environment. First, the supply for the mining process is studied. The main focus is on the food production and its time consumption which is needed to feed all people working and living in prehistoric Hallstatt. This time consumption consists at one hand of the actual time used for seeding, mowing and harvesting and on the other hand more importantly of the time used for traveling to the fields and harvesting the goods. To simulate the traveling time an A* algorithm is used, also for the traveling time needed for the miners to get to the mine. Also the supply process of felling and transporting trees to the mine as well as chipping the wood to produce wood chips for lighting purposes is part of the simulation. Experiments with the model try to localize suitable areas for the prehistoric Hallstatt village with interesting outcome: the simulation ‘suggests’ a subdivision of the population into a village near the mine and another village at the location of today’s Hallstatt. Introduction Hallstatt is famous for its prehistoric salt mine which is of great interest for archaeologists. The special interest comes along with very well conserved finds which results of the great conserving effect of salt and the collapse of the salt mine in the 13 century B.C. Some of these finds are very special tools and it is hard to understand in which way they were used. Not at last to get a better understanding of the way these tools were used a cooperation between the Museum of Natural History Vienna and the Vienna University of Technology was formed and this work is part of it. For instance a bronze pick which was investigated with the help of simulation in another project [1]. This work mainly focuses on the food production of the population of Hallstatt. It continues previous work on modelling agricultural constraints for population size in prehistoric Hallstatt, which studies how many people could have lived in Hallstatt if it is assumed that all food was produced locally [2]. The fields considered in this preliminary work are the same as used in this work. A result of this work is that 72 persons could have been fed of the food provided by these fields. This number of persons is used in the following as the population size. The population size is an essential parameter for this work because it directly influences the time needed to work on the fields. The model which is used for this investigation is an agent-based one [3] and is implemented in Anylogic [4]. Simulation Notes Europe SNE 26(1), 2016, 41 46 DOI: 10.11128/sne.26.tn.10327 Received: November 20, 2015; Revised: March 3, 2016; Accepted: March 10, 2016; Tanzler et al. Agent-based simulation about settlements in prehistoric Hallstatt 42 SNE 26(1) – 3/2016 TN