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Prophylactic Use of Antiemetics for Prevention of Opioid-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Questionnaire Survey among Japanese Physicians.

BACKGROUND
Antiemetics are being used both for the treatment and prophylaxis of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) in clinical practice, despite the lack of evidence for the prophylactic benefit. Data regarding the actual status of prophylactic antiemetic use for OINV remain to be elucidated.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice among Japanese physicians of the prophylactic use of antiemetics when starting opioids prescription for the prevention of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting.


METHODS
This questionnaire survey was targeted among physicians experienced in cancer pain treatment at two institutions of Japan (Nagoya University Hospital and Ichinomiya City Municipal Hospital). The questionnaire assessed the physicians' practice and beliefs regarding the prophylactic antiemetics prescription when they start opioids in patients with cancer pain.


RESULTS
Questionnaires were filled in and received from 112 physicians from two institutions. Eighty-two percent of physicians prescribed prophylactic antiemetics at the beginning of opioid prescription, and the most commonly prescribed drug for this purpose was prochlorperazine (88%).


CONCLUSION
Despite the lack of evidence, Japanese physicians commonly prescribe prophylactic antiemetics, most commonly prochlorperazine, for OINV. Prospective clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of this practice.