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Slow light using negative metamaterials

A general overview of slow light waveguide structures made of negative metamaterials is presented. We discuss the conditions and the parameter space to achieve zero total energy flow and zero group velocity due to the degeneracy of forward and backward waves in waveguides cladded with single negative metamaterials. Absorptive loss plays a severely limiting role and can prevent achieving the zero group velocity condition. Gain can be introduced either in dielectric or negative metamaterials to restore the zero group velocity condition. This type of slow light waveguide has a large delay bandwidth product and is suitable for use in integrated optoelectronic circuits.