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Numerical modelling of nanoparticle deposition in the nasal cavity and the tracheobronchial airway

Recent advances in nanotechnology have seen the manufacture of engineered nanoparticles for many commercial and medical applications such as targeted drug delivery and gene therapy. Transport of nanoparticles is mainly attributed to the Brownian force which increases as the nanoparticle decreases to 1 nm. This paper first verifies a Lagrangian Brownian model found in the commercial computational fluid dynamics software Fluent before applying the model to the nasal cavity and the tracheobronchial (TB) airway tree with a focus on drug delivery. The average radial dispersion of the nanoparticles was 9x greater for the user-defined function model over the Fluent in-built model. Deposition in the nasal cavity was high for very small nanoparticles. The particle diameter range in which the deposition drops from 80 to 18% is between 1 and 10 nm. From 10 to 150 nm, however, there is only a small change in the deposition curve from 18 to 15%. A similar deposition curve profile was found for the TB airway.