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Invasive fungal infections in Canada from 1992 to 1994.

PURPOSE
To describe the frequency, characteristics and impact of invasive fungal infection in Canada.


METHODS
Nominal case reporting with standardized data collection from selected sites across Canada. Cases were found primarily through laboratory review with supplementation by record review and clinical surveillance at some sites.


RESULTS
The frequency of invasive fungal infection varied from 3.54 to 6.64/100,000 population per year. Candida species were responsible for 66% of all reports; 80% of candidal infections were bloodstream isolates. Crytococcus neoformans, Aspergillus species and Histoplasma capsulatum each accounted for 5% to 10% of cases, and all other organisms less than 5% each. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was an important comorbidity for cryptococcus and histoplasma infections, and was associated with increased mortality for only histoplasma infections. Geographical variation of histoplasma, blastomyces and coccidioidomyces infection was confirmed. Case fatality was high for all invasive fungal infections, except coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis and sporotrichosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Candida species infections are the major pathogens in invasive fungal infections in Canada; all other species occur relatively infrequently. The potential for therapeutic intervention to limit mortality requires further assessment.