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Resiliency Factors May Differ as a Function of Self-Esteem Level: Testing the Efficacy of Two Types of Positive Self-Statements Following a Laboratory Stressor

The self-help literature promotes the use of positive self-statements (e.g., I'm a lovable person) to boost self-esteem and mood; however, research provides evidence that positive self-statements may be harmful to people with low self-esteem. Prior research has only tested the efficacy of one type of positive self-statement (stable/global), but research on attitude change and self-verification motives suggests that people with low self-esteem may benefit more from using unstable/specific positive self-statements. To test the effect of each type of positive self-statement on self-esteem and mood, a quasi-experiment was conducted in which participants with high and low self-esteem were randomly assigned to either write about a stable/global positive self-statement, unstable specific positive self-statement, or their favorite activity following a laboratory stressor. Results provided evidence that participants with low self-esteem experienced the largest decrease in negative affect if they were assigned to w...