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ZEV NAVEH 1919–2011: A Lifetime of Leadership in Restoration Ecology and Landscape Ecology

Zev Naveh in 2005, Technion University, Haifa (photo by Linda Olsvig-Whittaker). Few ecologists have been international leaders in multiple fields, but Zev Naveh was one of them, having shaped the disciplines of both restoration ecology and landscape ecology. Zev Naveh passed away in Haifa in April, 2011 after a long and influential career. He continued to be active professionally and to publish significant articles until his death at the age of 92, having finished his memoirs a week before. We recognize him for his service to the Society for Ecological Restoration, as he was one of the founding members of the Editorial Board of Restoration Ecology, which started in 1993, as well as a speaker and participant in many SER meetings. But more than this, Zev was one of the early founders of the discipline of restoration ecology, and a forerunner of the holistic, and pragmatic, approach to ecological restoration that prevails today. Zev was born in Amsterdam in 1919 and grew up in Germany, but the events that guided his life as an ecologist began with his experiences as a kibbutz shepherd in Israel starting in 1935. Zev became a keen observer of nature during his early years herding domestic animals and managing rangeland vegetation, a skill he applied to his Ph.D. studies on rangeland management at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Naveh 1960). Although Zev initially followed the paradigm of land managers of this time by removing shrubs with low forage value and replacing them with exotic grasses, his experience soon showed that this was neither cost effective nor ecologically sound, as native shrubs were keystone species responsible for maintaining soil fertility, moisture, and stability. Zev took a holistic ecosystem approach that allowed him to develop integrative ways of thinking about restoration and landscape ecology, as well as the role of humans in landscapes. Another defining event in his career was Zev’s sabbatical at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1958–1960. There he interacted with ecologists, including Harold Biswell, who were also beginning to recognize the importance of anthropogenic practices on shaping and remodeling landscapes, especially with the use of prescribed fire as a management tool. During this time he was also a Visiting Research Scientist at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington DC. Upon returning home, he delivered the first interdisciplinary lectures in ecology at the Hebrew University, and then accepted an Israeli government assignment to East Africa for rangeland development from 1962–1965. There he was able to put into practice his holistic ecosystem approach to range and pasture management working with indigenous peoples of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The Technion Institute of Technology in Haifa offered Zev a permanent position in the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering in 1965, where he served until retirement in 1989. He also became affiliated with the Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, where he began to build his concept of the Total Human Ecosystem (THE) that emphasized the role of humans in the ecosystem. Zev had a long list of achievements during his career (see www.technion.ac.il/technion/agr/members/naveh.html). He was perhaps best known for his ground-breaking book on Landscape Ecology (Naveh & Lieberman 1984, 1994) that was also translated into Chinese and Japanese. In addition, he published more than 200 scientific articles, including collaborations with leading ecologists such as Robert H. Whittaker. He was especially active in the International Association for Landscape Ecology where he won the 1999 Distinguished Scholarship award, but was also a driving force in other organizations such as the International Union for