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Islamic Antisemitism: Jews in the Qur’an, Reflections of European Antisemitism, Political Anti-Zionism: Common Codes and Differences

Antisemitism in today’s political and academic discourse very often is limited to discussions regarding the racial extreme right-wing antisemitism arising out of Christian anti-Judaism. This is only part of the story. The Jewish communities in Europe and the State of Israel are confronted with an antisemitism from three directions, however connected with each other: the extreme right, the extreme left, and political Islam. This essay focuses on Islamic antisemitism. There is a discourse about the extent to which there is a connection between Islam as religion, political Islam, and anti-Jewish or antisemitic orientation. A closer look at the Qur’an is necessary to understand the complexity, even more so given that such old motifs are ignored and Islamic antisemitism is downplayed. Other motifs, however, seem to be a result of the export of European antisemitism into the Middle East in colonial times and later, especially in the 1930s, as nationalist anti-British and anti-French sentiment developed. This development is called “Islamised Antisemitism.”1 A good example and modern denier of a religious original Islamic antisemitism is Sadik J. al-Azm. He only considers Islamic antisemitism as “Islamised Antisemitism,” as a reflection of Christian antisemitism and as a perception of the ideology of National Socialism in the 1930s. The answer is not an either or but a both and with respect to the source of antisemitic motifs and codes. Since the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood by Hasan al-Banna2 and the further development under the influence of Sayyid Qutb3 and later Qaradawi,4