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“Operating without a firm knowledge of anatomy leads directly to increased morbidity and mortality”

The surgeon Oliver H. Beahrs (1914-2006) (Fig. 1), the first President of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists and friend and surgeon to President Ronald Reagan, had a decorated career in the U.S. Navy and at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. At his acceptance speech in 1983 he stated, “the present state of gross anatomy in medical education is reason for concern.” He also commented that “today’s residents in surgery are learning their anatomy in the operating room and many feel justified in learning it that way, because they didn’t come to learn it and respect it in medical school.” He concluded, “operating without a firm knowledge of anatomy leads directly to increased morbidity andmortality” (Marks and Cahill, 1988). We believe that Dr. Beahrs would approve of the contents in our current issue of Clinical Anatomy. Herein, we include reviews on ultrasound in medical education and the cremasteric reflex, and original articles on landmarks for the flexor retinaculum, variation of the putamen, and the innervation of the psoas major, which is now more important clinically with the increase in transpsoasmajor approaches to the lumbar spine. REFERENCE