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Discrimination of mirror-image stimuli after lesions of the visual system in pigeons.

Nine pigeons were trained to perform a simultaneous discrimination task with stimuli that were lateral mirror images, vertical mirror images and nonmirror images. All subjects acquired the discriminations rapidly and at approximately equal rates. Following training, bilateral stereotaxic lesions were made in either the visual wulst or ectostriatum, which are telencephalic components of the thalamofugal and tectofugal visual pathways, respectively. After surgery both groups were retrained to their preoperative performance levels or for a maximum of 140 sessions. The performance of the four subjects that received visual wulst lesions was only mildly and transiently impaired and was equally disrupted on each pattern discrimination. The performance of the five subjects that received ectostriatal lesions, however, was markedly and persistently impaired on all pattern discriminations. The impairment was most severe and sustained on the lateral mirror-image discrimination problem in all subjects. Only three of the five subjects with ectostriatal lesions reached their preoperative performance levels on the lateral mirror-image problem, whereas all subjects returned to their preoperative performance levels on the other problems. Possible reasons for this selective deficit in lateral mirror-image pattern discrimination are discussed in relation to interhemispheric pathways and the relative importance of the thalamofugal and tectofugal visual pathways in birds and in mammals.