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Trp53 ablation fails to prevent microcephaly in mouse pallium with impaired minor intron splicing

Mutations in minor spliceosome component RNU4ATAC, a small nuclear RNA (snRNA), are linked to primary microcephaly. We have reported that in the conditional knockout (cKO) mice for Rnu11, another minor spliceosome snRNA, minor intron splicing defect in minor intron-containing genes (MIGs) regulating cell cycle resulted in cell cycle defects, with a concomitant increase in γH2aX+ cells and p53-mediated apoptosis. Trp53 ablation in the Rnu11 cKO mice did not prevent microcephaly. However, RNAseq analysis of the double knockout (dKO) pallium reflected transcriptomic shift towards the control from the Rnu11 cKO. We found elevated minor intron retention and alternative splicing across minor introns in the dKO. Disruption of these MIGs resulted in cell cycle defects that were more severe and detected earlier in the dKO, but with delayed detection of γH2aX+ DNA damage. Thus, p53 might also play a role in causing DNA damage in the developing pallium. In all, our findings further refine our understanding of the role of the minor spliceosome in cortical development and identify MIGs underpinning microcephaly in minor spliceosome-related diseases.