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Digital signature embedding (DSE) for medical image integrity in a data grid off-site backup archive

One of the new trends to protect the PACS image data against disaster situations is to store clinical images at an off-site backup archive. In order to support the mission-critical clinical PACS, the backup archive must be 24/7 continuously available (CA). We have developed a novel Data Grid for this purpose using the grid computing technology. With the federation of several PAC systems in a grid, the Data Grid can provide the true CA (99.999%) backup for the PAC systems. However, image integrity becomes a new critical issue to the Data Grid where the image data are not under the protection of local PACS anymore. In this paper, we presented a digital signature embedding (DSE) method, which can assure image integrity in image transmission or archive. The DSE method permanently embeds the digital signature (DS) of the image in the image pixels using lossless data embedding approaches, which can completely recover the original image whenever desired. The permanently embedded DS in the image would provide the integrity assurance for medical image during its lifetime. The embedding process can be utilized by the local PACS archive server to embed the DS in every image before it is sent to the Data Grid. The embedded DS can then be extracted for verification to ensure image integrity when images arrived in the Data Grid or when images were retrieved back. Therefore, with the DSE method, we have extended our protection of image integrity from local PACS to the backup Data Grid.