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Session 4: Viral and tumour recognition by NK cells

Activation of natural killer (NK) cells and other lymphocytes is regulated by stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. Recognition of transformed or infected cells by NK cells can occur as a result of upregulation of ligands for stimulatory receptors and/or downregulation of ligands for inhibitory receptors. The NKG2D receptor has been implicated in recognition of transformed or infected cells as a result of upregulation by the latter cells of one or more of several host-encoded cell surface ligands for NKG2D. A key question is: what are the molecular mechanisms that enable cells to perceive infection and transformation, resulting in upregulation of ligands that target the cells for destruction. The role of various stress and damage pathways in regulating expression of NKG2D ligands will be evaluated.