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Exploring the binding effect of a seaweed-based gum in the fabrication of hydroxyapatite scaffolds for biomedical applications

ABSTRACT Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is the most bountiful mineral found in the bones and teeth of vertebrates. They are extensively used in therapeutic applications as an implant substrate to augment bone progress or as a drug release vehicle due to its close similarity to the components of human bones and also for its outstanding biocompatibility. The porous blocks are commonly used as a scaffolding substrate. Various methods have been applied to construct HAP porous scaffolds. The present study investigates the binding properties of a seaweed-based biopolymer, sodium alginate as a natural binder in the fabrication of HAP scaffolds by polymeric replication technique. These porous scaffolds were characteristics by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Stereo zoom optical microscopy image and compressive mechanical testing techniques. The bioactivity of the scaffolds was evaluated by immersing them in simulated body fluid (SBF). Thus, scaffolds with highly interconnected macropores, with pore diameter around 300 nm to 500nm and micropore mainly fall within the 2–20 μm range can be obtained, which are suitable for absorption of biological metabolites and the cell attachment. Also, the maximum compressive yield strength at break down was found to be 1.4MPa for 68% porous scaffold, comparable to that of cancellous bones.