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Response of milk yield, plasma cortisol, amino acids, urea and glucose to a single low-dose administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone in lactating cows.

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a single low-dose administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) on milk yield, plasma cortisol, free amino acids, urea and glucose in lactating cows. The animals were treated with either 6 IU synthetic ACTH or 5 ml physiological saline (control) administered intravenously via a jugular vein catheter. Blood was withdrawn 60 and 5 min pretreatment (baseline), and 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, and 420 min post-treatment. A rapid positive response (P < 0.05) in plasma cortisol occurred within 10 min of administration of 6 IU ACTH. The maximum increase in plasma cortisol concentration occurred at 1 h post-ACTH treatment and plasma cortisol returned to baseline 4 h later. Until 7 d after ACTH administration, no effect on milk yield was recorded. In comparison with the saline-treated group, the ACTH-treated group exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the plasma concentrations of 3-methylhistidine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, valine, and glucose. In contrast, the concentrations of alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and proline decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after ACTH treatment. Hormone administration had no effect on the plasma arginine, asparagine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and urea. These results demonstrate that the bovine species behaves like other mammalians with respect to its metabolic response to stress. Thus, during stress, ACTH increases adrenal cortical activity which, in turn, stimulates protein catabolism in muscle and gluconeogenesis from some non-essential amino acids.