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The Use of the Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay in the Serology of Viral and Parasitic Diseases

The established methods of diagnosis of the diseases caused by viruses or parasites are based on direct demonstration of the organisms, by tissue culture for viruses and by histological means for parasites. During the past two decades, however, there has been extensive development of serological techniques, and these have been applied to diagnosis of viral and parasitic diseases. Their sensitivity, specificity and the fact that the same serological method can be applied to the diagnosis of different types of infection have played a part in their wide and rapid acceptance. To date, haemagglutination, haemagglutination inhibil ion, immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion methods have been used most extensively, and more recently radioimmunoassay (RAI) has also been applied to diagnosis of infectious diseases. Now the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is being introduced, and its merits of economy and safety, combined with high sensitivity, will probably ensure that it will soon find a place in the routine diagnostic laboratories.