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Optimization of Process Condition on Fabrication of Porous Hydroxyapatite Bodies Using Banana Midrib as Template by Response Surface Methodology

ABSTRACT Optimum process condition of preparation of porous hydroxyapatite bodies has been successfully achieved using response surface methodology. This optimum process condition is gotten by optimizing the three parameters: porosity, density and compressive strength, through response surface methodology based on central composite design using design-Expert software. This research used replica method to produce porous hydroxyapatite bodies. Analysis of XRD, SEM, and compressive strength test are used to characterize the produced porous hydroxyapatite bodies. The results were then evaluated by response surface methodology method using design-Expert software. Porous hydroxyapatite was characterized by using XRD, SEM, and compressive strength test. Porous hydroxyapatite bodies were obtained with 54.3–65.4% porosity, 1.085–1.436 g/cm3 density, 1.4–6.8 MPa compressive strength, and 70.68–89.13 µm pore sizes. The RSM results revealed that density and porosity were affected by the parameters with R2 0.9218 and 0.9902, respectively, and R2 adj 0.8513 and 0.9814, respectively. The optimum condition was obtained at process condition of 9 g hydroxyapatite, 12% sago starch, and 2.5%wt darvan821A with compressive strength response 5.7 MPa, 63.1% porosity, and 1.159 g/cm3 density. The desirability value was 0.795 which was close to 1.0 and considered as acceptable value.