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Human milk oligosaccharides enhance the growth of Staphylococci

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are largely non‐digestible glycans that are abundant in human milk. Studies show that these compounds likely influence the infant's gastrointestinal microbiome; however, no work has been conducted to determine if HMO also interact with the bacterial communities present in a woman's milk. We previously reported a positive correlation between the relative abundance of Staphylococci and total HMO content in human milk. To further investigate the potential effects of HMO on Staphylococcus growth in milk, strains of S. epidermidis and S. aureus were isolated from human milk. Results indicate that addition of HMO (10 g/L) to cultures grown in minimal medium or infant formula enhanced growth of both Staphylococcal strains. However, when compared with HMO content of fresh media, there was no reduction of HMO content in culture supernatants collected after bacterial growth. These results indicate that HMO stimulate growth of Staphylococci but do not act as nutrient substrates for growth. Supported by NIH R00DK078668 (LB), P20 RR15587 (MAM) and P20 RR016454 (MAM), and the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST).