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1 Brain Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

MRS and MRI have their origin in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). NMR was first described in 1946 simultaneously by the Nobel Prize winners Edward Purcell, from Harvard University, and Felix Bloch, from Stanford University. At that time, NMR was used only by physicists for purposes of determining the nuclear magnetic moments of nuclei. It was only in the mid 1970’s that NMR started to be used in vivo, after Lauterbur, Mansfield and Grannell introduced gradient into the magnetic field enabling them to determinate the location of the emitted signal and to reproduce it in an image. In vivo NMR was renamed MRI because the term “nuclear” was constantly and erroneously associated with nuclear medicine. For the same reason, NMR spectroscopy used in vivo is now named MRS. During the 1980’s, the first MRI medical scanners became available for clinical use. Since then, improvements have been made especially related to higher field strengths.