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Nanocarrier based Drug Delivery to Brain: Interventions of Surface Modification.

Brain disorders are one of the prevalent and rapidly growing problems in the medical field as they adversely affect the quality of life of a human. With increase in life expectancy, it has been reported that diseaseslike Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, stroke and brain tumor along with neuropsychological disorders are also being reported at an alarmingly high rate. Despite various therapeutic being developed for the treatment of brain disorders, drug delivery to brain has been a challenging task because of the presence of a very complex Blood Brain Barrier, which precludes most of the drugs from entering the brain in effective concentrations. To overcome this barrier layer, nano- carrier based drug delivery systems have been reported widely by the researchers. These systems owing to their small size offer numerous advantages, however, their short residence time in body owing to opsonization poses a hinderance to their success in vivo. This review article focusses on the various aspects to modify the surfaces of these nano-carriers with polymers, surfactant, protein, antibodies, cell penetrating peptides, integrin binding peptides and glycoproteins such as transferrin & lactoferrin leading to enhanced residence time, desirable characteristics such as ability to cross blood brain barrier (BBB), increased bioavailability in regions of brain and targeted drug delivery.