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Intrinsic fiber optic Sagnac ultrasound sensor for process monitoring in composite structures

In this paper, we report the development of an intrinsic fiber-optic Sagnac-type ultrasound sensor for cure monitoring. The Sagnac ultrasonic sensor consists of a Sagnac demodulation unit and a sensing segment which can be embedded in a composite structure. The Sagnac optical demodulator is common-path and hence self-stabilized and much simpler than the alternate Fabry-Perot or Michelson type sensors which require external stabilization. Any phase variations that the sampling beams experience due to ultrasound impinging on the sensing segment are demodulated by the Sagnac sensor to produce a signal proportional to ultrasonic signal. The sensing fiber segment of the Sagnac is placed within the composite at the time of manufacture. As the composite is cured, this sensor detects ultrasound that is generated by a laser source or a pzt-transducer. The wavespeed and attenuation of the ultrasound are measured as the cure process proceeds, and these provide information on the state of cure of the composite. We discuss the details of the above intrinsic Sagnac sensor, as well as report on its characteristics including frequency response, sensitivity, and directionality. Results of a cure monitoring are also presented.